Podcast appearances and mentions of Brandon Anderson

The future of war has been evolving before our eyes in Ukraine, yet the west still plans to fight the last war. In this special episode, guest host Noah Smith (@noahpinion) and Brandon Anderson sit down with Yaroslav Azhnyuk (@YaroslavAzhnyuk), a serial tech founder who went from building PetCube to founding The Fourth Law, one of the world's most advanced AI-guided drone companies. Over two hours we cover the technology, tactics, and geopolitics of drone warfare, and why the modern battlefield has already left the West behind:* Yaroslav's personal history and the Ukraine war [00:01:04 – 00:14:01]* The modern drone tech stack: why FPV drones are the new god of war, the future of the rifleman, fiber optic vs. AI, five levels of autonomy, and the eight dimensions of the autonomous battlefield [00:14:01 – 01:05:13]* The geopolitics and economics of drones: China's manufacturing advantage, the drone race, Western defense readiness, countermeasures, and why the gap is widening [01:05:13 – 01:58:57]For those looking for Noah Smith's commentary, it really gets going around the 00:51:31 mark.Yaroslav Azhnyuk / The Fourth Law:* X: https://x.com/YaroslavAzhnyuk* LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/yaroslavazhnyuk/* The Fourth Law: https://thefourthlaw.aiNoah Smith:* Substack: Noah Smith * X: https://x.com/noahpinionTimestamps00:00:00 Cold Open: China's 4 Billion Drones and the Cameras-to-Explosives Pipeline00:01:04 Introduction: Brandon, Noah Smith, and Yaroslav Azhnyuk00:05:41 From Tech Entrepreneur to Defense: PetCube, Brave One, and the D3 Fund00:10:42 The Ethics of Building Weapons: Dual-Use Technology and the Wolf at the Door00:14:01 The Tech Stack: Cameras, Autonomy Modules, Interceptors, and a Semiconductor Fab00:18:47 Fiber Optic vs. AI: The Radio Horizon Problem and $32/km Cable00:25:32 FPV Drones: The New God of War — 70–80% of Frontline Casualties00:28:28 The Five Levels of Drone Autonomy: From Terminal Guidance to Full Autonomy00:41:37 The Eight Dimensions of the Autonomous Battlefield00:45:32 AI Safety and the Morality of Autonomous Weapons00:51:31 The End of the Rifleman? Noah's 2013 Prediction vs. Battlefield Reality01:05:13 China's Manufacturing Advantage and Western Vulnerabilities01:24:21 Policy Advice for Western Defense: Defense Valley and the Widening Gap01:32:54 The Drone Race: Who's Ahead, Category by Category01:41:57 Countermeasures: Shotguns, Jammers, Lasers, and Fishnets01:58:19 The Wedding and Final Takeaway: Be Prepared for WarTranscriptCold Open: China, FPV Drones, and the New Warning SignYaroslav [00:00:00]: Think about this. Last year, Ukraine produced 4 million FPV drones. Ukraine is not the most industrious nation in the world. China can produce 4 billion of these FPV drones.Noah [00:00:10]: Would you say that right now China is now the supreme conventional military power on Earth, given its ability to manufacture and deploy drones in the quantity and quality that you just described?Yaroslav [00:00:20]: I don't think we have all the information to claim that but we cannot count it out, and that alone should be a big warning sign. As I say, at some point in my life I went from making cameras that fling treats to pets to cameras that fling explosives to the occupiers. So that's the short story. And when you think about what your nation, what your patriots are going through, you realize that's the only morally right thing to do is to fight back, and it is immoral not to fight back, and then the choice becomes very clear.Introduction: Yaroslav Azhnyuk, Petcube, and the Last Flight into KyivBrandon [00:01:04]: Welcome to Latent Space. I'm Brandon. I normally do science podcasts, but today we're going to do something a little bit different. I'm joined by Noah Smith of Noahpinion on Substack and Twitter. And he has lots of interesting things to say about drones. And as a guest, we have Yaroslav Azhnyuk, founder of The Fourth Law and several other, drone-related startups. To get started, it is February 23rd, 2022. You are running a pet startup. You're connecting pets with their owners. Let's go in just a little bit of background. How did you get started in tech, and what were you working on before the Ukrainian war started?Yaroslav [00:01:50]: Good to be here. Thank you. On February 23rd, late in the evening, 11:00 PM Kyiv time, my wife and I landed in Kyiv. Actually, then she was a fiance. We came from Lviv, where we were looking at a church, where our wedding should have taken place. And we got into this cab ride from the airport to our home, and the driver was like, “You crazy. Like, everyone's leaving Kyiv. Why do you come?” We're like, “What? Nothing's going to happen. Dude, chill.” And then obviously, eight minutes later, or eight hours later, the bombs fell in the city. It was quite surreal. We probably landed on the last flight that landed in Kyiv, or one of those last flights. My background, I'm a tech guy. Studied applied mathematics in Kyiv Polytechnics, born and raised in Kyiv. My parents are old PhDs from academia, and grandparents too. Like, everything, from linguistics to nuclear physics. And I'm an entrepreneur, so I've built a bunch of companies. Petcube is the one you were referencing. So I lived in San Francisco 2014 to 2020, building Petcube, which is one of the leading, pet device companies in the world, selling lots of pet cameras. And then, yeah, as I say, at some point in my life I went from making cameras that fling treats to pets to cameras that fling explosives to the occupiers. So that's the short story.February 24th: Leaving Kyiv as the Invasion BeginsNoah [00:03:28]: February 24th, I guess a few hours after you, go to check out your wedding chapel, what do you do?Yaroslav [00:03:37]: We had a plan for this situation. So my parents and family live in Kyiv, and we're like, “Okay, this has actually started. The worst has, come true.” And so we basically packed our belongings and got in the car and spent 17 hours driving west. And that was pretty sure most people in our audience watched at least one apocalyptic movie in their life, so that was exactly like that. Like, felt exactly like that. Missiles are falling. Like, there was smoke in Kyiv. Like, my dad and I went, like, to central part of the cities. It's probably, likeYaroslav [00:04:20]: 800 meters from presidential office, to pick some stuff up at his workplace. Because he's, like, the head of an academic institution, so he had to get some of the things with him. And super surreal. Like, the streets are empty. Like, the gas stations are out of gas. Like, we found some gas station. We didn't have, like, spare canisters with us, so we're like, We figured out, like, the car was diesel, so like, we figured out, if it's diesel, you can actually store it in plastic, canisters, and we bought some window wash for the cars. We poured it out of the canisters, and we poured the diesel into that. Yeah, so it was like that. And then, like, helping friends get out, like my friend and his dog. Like, we found Like, my brother was also, like, riding in a separate car. We found a place for my friend who didn't have a car. It was like, yeah, it was like, totally surreal. And we didn't know of course, and you didn't know this will last for so long. You didn't know whether Ukraine will be able to defend Kyiv. And it was like, yeah, very little information and very little insight into future.From Pet Cameras to Defense Tech: Building for Ukraine and the Free WorldNoah [00:05:42]: What are your thoughts with regards to how do you, defend, Ukraine? So you eventually start building drones Like, what is the process to get from there from where you were building, devices that connect owners with pets to building drones, and what other things did you do to help the war effort in the process?Yaroslav [00:06:07]: It's definitely non-trivial, right? Like, I didn't go, to I didn't get any, like, military education when I was a student. Like, normally, in Ukraine, you would, you would go to like, this military school even if you're getting higher education in any other, sphere. I decided to skip that which is like, an unusual way to go. And I never thought that I will be somehow engaged in a war effort. Like, what is war? Of course, wars are over. It's the end of history. So one thing you got to understand about, like, many Ukrainians and like, I guess, it's also true about most of the people I met here in the US, that your who you are in terms of your nationality is a big part of your identity. So when that gets under attack, it's something deeper than just the country you live in gets under attack, right? And I Day one, I figured I'm going to I'm going to fight back with everything I can, right? But I didn't think on day one that I'm actually going to do, weapons. And a bunch of things. We were reaching out to a number of American, congresspeople and senators, and basically advocating for support of Ukraine, for voting for lend lease, which has happened in May 2022, but didn't actually work as expected. We helped start, Brave One, which is now a very important defense innovation cluster, sort of like a DIU here in the US. We helped start, a fund called D3. It's like, it was started or co-started by Eric Schmidt, former CEO of Google. So a bunch of these odd things, but then eventually I was like, “Okay,”by 2023 it was obvious this thing, A is going to last a lot more time, and B, that the whole world is shifting and that there's going to be a new arms race, that the warfare is redefined by drones as platforms. And for the first time in history, you have a platform that is software defined, that can increase your battlefield capabilities, in a in a step change just overnight. So it's like if you were able to push a software update and get all of your Roman legionnaires a new helmet? That has never been possible before. It's the first time in the history of war this is possible. So all of that and many other things like, supply chain fragilization, and the impact that AI is going to have on all of this all these things have become evident to me in 2023, and it's like, “Okay, I should do what I do best, or what I know how to do best, start a tech company, and sort of leverage the global techno capitalist machine, to provide, defensibility to Ukraine and the free world.” So that's literally the mission of the company, increase defensibility of Ukraine and the free world. And then there was some sort of soul-searching and like, asking yourself. It's like, “Okay, am I Actually, I know nothing about weapons. Am I actually, like, ready to make, things that other people use to kill other bad people?”Yaroslav [00:09:36]: When you think about what your nation, what your Compatriots are going through And think about all the terror of places like Bucha, the occupied cities in the east and south, the abducted children, the raped women, all the economic damage that's being done, and the intention to destroy a whole nation, to genocide the people of Ukraine, you realize that's the only morally right thing to do is to fight back, and it is immoral not to fight back. And then the choice becomes very clear. And look, we're just passing the ammunition. We're not doing the actual job. The actual fighters and defenders and heroes are people in the armed forces. We're just support.The Moral Question: Weapons, Responsibility, and Fighting BackNoah [00:10:33]: I have so many questions. Actually, I know you seem to have a question. Do you want to ask anything?Yaroslav [00:10:38]: No, I'm just listening. Go ahead.Noah [00:10:40]: I do want to talk about, some of let's say, the moral issues, like you just said. You endYaroslav [00:10:50]: I think there are no issues there.Yaroslav [00:10:52]: What would an example of a moral question be in this case?Noah [00:10:55]: No, I mean Okay. As you just said, you are creating the tools, but others are using them.Noah [00:11:05]: I was maybe thinking of having this conversation later, but one of the questions is like, is it actually you are going to be building them for your homeland, which you are building it for your homeland, which is I think, very a strong morally defensible position, but this technology is not going to stay with you, right?Noah [00:11:26]: This you will probably be selling these to other people Yeah. So the future is really where the moral issues may come into playYaroslav [00:11:38]: The this question becomes, easier and more complete if we ask this not about a particular technology or particular weapon, if we think that this question actually applies to any kind of technology Right? So -Knife or fire. You can use knife to do surgery and save people's lives, or you can use it as a weapon to take people's lives.Noah [00:12:06]: Cut tomatoes, too.Yaroslav [00:12:08]: Cut tomatoes too.Noah [00:12:09]: Yes, knife.Yaroslav [00:12:09]: That's helpful.Noah [00:12:10]: In Japan, sword and knife, they, call the same word.Yaroslav [00:12:14]: It's like, it's with any technology. Large language models, right? Look at how powerful they are and yet they're available to anyone in North Korea or in Russia.Yaroslav [00:12:29]: That's one side of the argument. The other side is As a maker, what is your responsibility for how the tools you're creating, will be used? There's definitely some responsibility, right? Then How should the decision process look like? Should you, like, try to calculate all the possible scenarios before starting to work on something? Or do you create something that is needed now to save people's lives, and then think about, addressing the unwanted edge cases later? In ideal world where there's like, or okay, it's not ideal world. In a mythical world where there is some one governing party and it gets to decide everything, and there is no other country, that can, decide on their own, you could say, “Well, we need to calculate for all the consequences, and only then, maybe build this building, by replacing this park because, maybe we need this park in the city,”right? So that kind of situation. But when you're in a situation where you're in a forest, in front of a wolf, you first going to deal with the wolf that wants to eat you, and then you're going to go consult Greenpeace. So that's kind of situation that Ukraine is in.The Fourth Law, Odd Systems, and Ukraine's Drone StackNoah [00:13:59]: Enough. Because this is a tech podcast, I did want to spend some time talking about, sort of the tech in that you've developed and what you've been working on. So can you explain, I guess, first of all, like, the problem that you were trying to solve from a technical standpoint? And I think, and then maybe, like, go into some of the solutions and some of the design process that led you from designing, little laser-guided, guiding lasers with a with an iPhone versus Having drones.Yaroslav [00:14:34]: Like, it so happened, that my partners and I, we sort of So I started one company called The Fourth Law, and its goal was and is to Make, massively scalable on-drone autonomy. And then In parallel with that together with my, Petcube co-founders, partners, and friends, we started another company called Odd Systems Which, was focused on making thermal cameras. Cameras, thermal cameras are seeing thermal radiation and are used to see at night. And we're now sort of those companies are getting closer and closer together and we're probably going to merge them. And this group of companies is currently the leading, team in on-drone AI and thermal imaging on the Ukrainian battlefield, and Likely one of the leading, if not the leading in the world. So We have these, like, three sort of business units, which are cameras, drone autonomy, and drones. So the cameras and drone autonomy sell daytime and nighttime cameras and different types of drone autonomous modules to other drone manufacturers, over 200 drone manufacturers in Ukraine. And then the UAV, business unit sells the drones themselves to the armed forces of Ukraine, Ukrainian government. And there are different types of drones. Those are sort of front strike, as we call them, so those are sort of FPV strike drones and the bombers, and then interceptors. And there are different kinds of interceptors. We do Shahed interceptors and we do ISR interceptors. We don't do the deep strike-FPV Drones, Interceptors, and Battery-Powered WarfareNoah [00:16:32]: What's an ISR interceptor?Yaroslav [00:16:33]: ISR is stands for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and those are basically drones which are which, Russians are using to watch over positions and then communicate where, the targets are coming.Noah [00:16:48]: It's a reconnaissance.Yaroslav [00:16:48]: That's, the ISR is sort of a classical term for a for a reconnaissance drone.Noah [00:16:53]: Are all of these battery-powered drones that you just described? ‘Cause I know that the sort of deep strike drones still have, like Some sort ofYaroslav [00:17:01]: Internal combustion engine?Noah [00:17:02]: Internal combustion engine. Are all the things you're talking about battery-powered?Yaroslav [00:17:06]: What we're working on is all battery-powered, right? We don't do the deep strikes, right? And then in terms of autonomy-Noah [00:17:12]: You can catch a Shahed with a battery-powered thing. It's not Fast to catch.Yaroslav [00:17:17]: No, absolutely. Look, Shahed interceptor, like ours, it's called Zero, it goes up to 326 kilometers per hour.Noah [00:17:26]: For reference, how fast is a Shahed?Yaroslav [00:17:28]: Eight, like, in internal phase it could be 280, but in cruise phase it's, like, 220-ish.Yaroslav [00:17:36]: Yeah. And sorry, I'm not like you can convert that into miles if you're interested.Noah [00:17:41]: No, that's fine.Noah [00:17:41]: Multiply by two thirds or point six or something.Yaroslav [00:17:44]: That's easy. Yeah, I was saying that for autonomy modules, right, we, -We make systems, autonomous systems for frontline, for interceptors and some for deep strikes as well, and then different levels of autonomy. So from terminal guidance, which is like lasts 500 meters, give or take, to autonomous bombing, to autonomous target detection, to autonomous navigation and all of that across day and night, different terrains, different time of the year, different platforms like quadcopters and fixed wing, and maybe some other platforms. So it's quite a wide variety of products. We also have like our own simulation. We have our own training school for the war fighters. And we're about to start construction of two, semiconductor plants to make, sensors for thermal cameras. So that's super exciting for me as a computer science guy is Doing semiconductors. Super cool.Noah [00:18:49]: Like in terms of kind of core drone technologies, you basically are one is an FPV replacement without fiber optics, and the other isYaroslav [00:18:59]: YouNoah [00:18:59]: Signal tracking with interceptorsYaroslav [00:19:00]: With or without fiber optics. Fiber optics Is just like, sort of a communication module.Yaroslav [00:19:05]: You can, you can use classical analog, video link and radio link. Those would be two separate radios. You can do digital, or you can do fiber optic, and then fiber optic Has its own advantages but also adds weight and decreases, the distance and decreases, how fast you can, sort of turn and With a drone. Yeah.Noah [00:19:33]: Do you need AI for fiber optic drones?Yaroslav [00:19:36]: Like you can use AI for fiber optic drones. AI replaces a human, right? Fiber optic is making your communication link more resilient. So those are slightly different goals. Like if you want, you can have, AI controlling hundreds of fiber optic drones instead of having 100 operators for each.Fiber Optics, Radio Horizons, and Terminal GuidanceNoah [00:20:03]: I guess I thought that the key reason that people moved to fiber optic drones was for like electronic, countermeasures. Or I guess to counter those.Yaroslav [00:20:13]: I think that's a correct assessment from sort of a public awareness standpoint. In practice it's somewhat more difficult Because besides electronic countermeasures, you have these issues of a radio horizon For FPV drones, which means that asYaroslav [00:20:36]: I believe Earth is round Some people disagree. But basically if you fly a drone and you have a land station over here and a drone flying over hereYaroslav [00:20:49]: If your drone is flying high, you have good direct radio visibility. If your drone goes low, and usually, Russian infantry and vehicles, they're on the ground and you want to hit them, you need to go low. Lower you go, maybe you'll get behind a hill or behind a forest, and if you're far enough, you'll just get behind the curvature of the earth. You get into what's called a radio shadow. And then That is a real bummer because for the last, be it 60 or 20 meters, you won't be able to see anything and it will be very difficult to hit the target. So to counter that what-- And then the distances that these FPV drones, act on they're, they can be quite large. So for example, here in the US there was this drone dominance program competition, and in drone dominance the furthest distance was about 10 kilometers.Noah [00:21:44]: What was drone dominance? What was that competition?Yaroslav [00:21:47]: Drone, the drone dominance is a is a program started, by the US government, to accelerate the development of drone technology here in the US.Noah [00:21:57]: Got it. And the longest range thing they were using was 10 kilometers.Yaroslav [00:22:00]: Was 10 kilometers, right. In Ukraine, like if your drone doesn't fly at least 20, 25, it just, no one's interested in it, and the usual hits are happening. It was like, okay, many hits are happening between 30 and 40 kilometers, and that's what expected from a regular 10-inch, FPV drone. So at that distance, even at altitudes of like 60 to 100 meters, you might start losing, the link. So some of the earlier AI technology that was fielded in FPV drone was this terminal guidance technology. That was the first product that we ever, launched that helped you as an operator, once you see the target from two, three, 500 meters, you lock onto the target and then, it just, drives the drone towards the target no matter what, even after you lost the visual connection. So optic fiber solves that. However, if you want to go like 20 kilometers with optic fiber, that will add an extra three kilos, of useful weight to your drone. SoNoah [00:23:12]: ‘Cause the cable that you have to unspool as you go weighs.Noah [00:23:15]: It is heavy.Yaroslav [00:23:15]: At first, like the spool is about 800 grams, so a bit less than a kilo, and then, and then think about 10, 10 kilometer optic fiber is another kilo, something like that. That takes away from your useful mass and then now you have like, you need a 15-inch drone and it can only carry maybe one or two kilos of explosives if you want to go, 20 kilometers. If you want to go to 30 or 40, like 30 is probably max. 40 is like very problem problematic on optic fiber. And then the problem with optic fiber is it's actually getting super expensive. So and why? Because of all the data centers for AI. That's literally the same optic fiber-Noah [00:24:01]: We're running out of centersYaroslav [00:24:02]: That's being used there.Yaroslav [00:24:02]: Like when Ukrainians and Russians come to Chinese factories to buy the optic fiber, they're like, “We're out. We sold it out to the Americans.”? That's the craziest thing. So optic fiber went up in price from like, $4 per, kilometer to like, $32 per kilometer in a few months in the beginning of this year. And I'veBrandon [00:24:26]: Claude Code is stopping the Russian drone effort here.Yaroslav [00:24:30]: Ukrainian as well. Yeah.Brandon [00:24:31]: Ukrainian. But I read somewhere that the Russians had grown more dependent on fiber optic drones relative to the Ukrainians, and that's one reason why the Ukrainians have sort of regained the initiative in drones recently.Brandon [00:24:42]: How accurate's that?Yaroslav [00:24:43]: The Russians were the first ones to scale that. I think by as of now, Ukraine has caught up. I think, like, as of maybe three months ago, Ukraine is mostly caught up on fiber optic. Yeah.Brandon [00:24:57]: What percent of damage would you say is in terms of FPV drone damage would you say is now fiber optic versus, like autonomous?FPVs as the New God of War: Tanks, Artillery, and Cost per KillYaroslav [00:25:07]: For our, for our audience, I actually, I cannot answer that question. Like, it's like I know the answer, but I would not disclose that. But for our audience, I think another interesting fact is out of all the casualties on the front line Between 70 and 80% are done by FPV drones.Brandon [00:25:30]: FPV drones are the new weapon of universal weapon of warfare.Yaroslav [00:25:34]: It'sBrandon [00:25:35]: Land warfare, anywayYaroslav [00:25:35]: They used to say that artillery is a god of war because artillery used to cause, like 80% of casualties, and now On that ranking-Brandon [00:25:46]: FPVYaroslav [00:25:47]: FPV drones rule.Brandon [00:25:48]: FPV drones are the god of war.Yaroslav [00:25:51]: Sort of. Dethroned artillery. But it's not to say that artillery is not useful, is not needed. Like, all of these systems are needed. Maybe except cavalry, although Russians still use it. I know, have you seen the videos of Russians using mules and horses?Brandon [00:26:09]: What is the usefulness-Yaroslav [00:26:10]: It'Brandon [00:26:10]: Of a tank in the in the modern-Yaroslav [00:26:11]: That's where we need Greenpeace to say a word, but they're silent. Yeah.Brandon [00:26:15]: What's the use of a tank on the modern battlefield?Yaroslav [00:26:21]: It's diminishing.Brandon [00:26:22]: Diminishing.Yaroslav [00:26:22]: However, I think there might be technologies which will, revive the tank. Look, tank still provides you armor, and armor is important. Like, you still need to armor and firepower, right? Like, you can be an armor personal carrier that provides you, armor. The challenge that currently exists is armor is not very well protected against incoming drones. However, there are ways to do to protect it. We were previously talking about this before the podcast. The CEO of Rheinmetall, recently sort of ridiculed, Ukrainian drone industry, saying that like, there is nothing interesting there, no real innovation, no to stand Compared to like, Rheinmetall or Boeing, and it's all made by housewives. There was like, obviously a ton of memes about this people ridiculing the CEO of Rheinmetall. And one of the best quotes, I heard on this topic is from my friend, Alexey Babenko, who's, the head of and founder of VIARI Drone, which is one of the largest manufacturers of FPV drones. They're our partner. They're using our autonomy. So he said that the drones we manufacture in one day will be more than enough to destroy all the tanks Rheinmetall manufactures in a year.Yaroslav [00:27:52]: Then, yeah, cost-wise, of course, a drone is like, $500 and a Rheinmetall tank is what, probably 5 million-ish or maybe more.Brandon [00:28:00]: Don't mess with those housewives.Yaroslav [00:28:03]: Drone wives.Brandon [00:28:04]: Drone wives.Yaroslav [00:28:06]: That's it.Noah [00:28:06]: There's a classic saying that everyone always fights the last war.Noah [00:28:12]: Yet do How did So from your standpoint, how did we get to the point where tanks became irrelevant in at least for now In a matter of just a few years?Yaroslav [00:28:24]: Look, I think it's the same way, how do we get to the point that calculators become irrelevant?Yaroslav [00:28:31]: Now we have iPhones. Like, why would you need a calculator? Technology progresses and its influence grows non-linearly. It's all exponential. So I can tell you that full autonomy, when you put it on a drone Look, so if you, if you think about a tank and a like, it's not a direct comparison, but even, like, a drone and a artillery shell or like, sort of cost per kill, an artillery shell for 155 caliber, which is a standard NATO caliber Currently market price is about $4,000 per piece. So compare that to say, $400 per drone. That's 10 times more expensive. Account for the amortization of the artillery gun and for how vulnerable it is and what is the sort of tactical, capabilities it gives you as compared to a drone. You'll figure out that an FPV drone is maybe three orders of magnitude, more versatile, more useful, more capable than artillery and many of than a classic artillery. Many of Because there are different types of artillery. Not just, like, one 155. You have mortars, you have all that. But give or take, roughly three orders of magnitude maybe. Again, it doesn't have that firepower. It's not one-to-one comparison still.Yaroslav [00:29:53]: Now, take that FPV drone. When you put full autonomy on that FPV drone, which can be not very expensive, like systems that we're, producing are like, in hundreds of dollars of pure bombFull Autonomy: From Human Pilots to Smartphone-Directed Drone MissionsNoah [00:30:06]: Just interrupt. You said full autonomy Just a second ago you were saying that the autonomy here is guidance, right? It's not decision-making.Yaroslav [00:30:14]: No, I was I was saying that's the f-First and sort of easiest pieces of autonomy that was fielded by us. But if you, if you add full autonomy to a droneBrandon [00:30:24]: He, I think he's asking what does it can you, for the listeners, can you explain What the term full autonomy means?Yaroslav [00:30:29]: Basically, I think a good way to think about an FPV drone is like an iPhone of warfare. It's, like, very inexpensive, very mass producible, very versatile. You don't need a bunch of other things when you have a iPhone in your pocket. You don't have, need an MP3 player, you don't need a calculator, don't need other things. All right? So FPV drone is an iPhone. Or like, okay, Apple please don't sue me, is a smartphone. And then, when you add autonomy to it sort of becomes like Uber or ride sharing. Okay? So what it means is instead of actually being a trained pilot who has this complex remote controller device which requires a couple months of training to actually pilot the drone, and then having to pilot it for 30 minutes, flying towards the target, et cetera, et cetera, now you basically, you have your smartphone, you have a drone, you pick your smartphone, you say, “We are here. The bad guys are here. Go and get them.” And the drone goes up, flies in a given direction, localizes itself on the map, finds the dedicated area where they, the bad guys are supposed to be sees the bad guys, bombs them, return, like, watches, so does a damage assessment, returns back, sits down, and then you can pick it up and watch the video if you didn't have the radio link, right?Noah [00:31:59]: That's a bomber drone.Yaroslav [00:32:00]: That's full autonomy for a bomber drone, right?Noah [00:32:03]: You're saying that no human decision is made in this entire process?Brandon [00:32:06]: That's not, that's not what he's saying.Yaroslav [00:32:07]: A human decision was made at the beginning of the process-Noah [00:32:09]: I get it. I get itYaroslav [00:32:09]: The same way as you would fire an artillery.Yaroslav [00:32:12]: When you fire an artillery, you don't stop at like, 500 meters away from a target and ask it whether, you want to strike or not. That's exactly, a human decision is always made at some point. So when you do that's full autonomy, and such full autonomy is happening as we speak. And such full autonomy increases the capabilities of an FPV drone, which is already, like, three orders more powerful than an artillery shell. Full autonomy increases its capabilities by four orders of magnitude because now you can have 100 times as many people who can use it, because you don't need to train those people, and this is important. You can have 10 times, mission success rate, and you can have 10 times utility per drone because now instead of being one-way kamikaze, it's, it can be a bomber.Brandon [00:33:05]: Now wait, let's, you said 10 times mission success rate, which means that fully autonomous bomber drones succeed in their missions 10 times more often than human piloted bomber drones do. That's an important thing to know.Noah [00:33:17]: Maybe, to push back onBrandon [00:33:19]: They're super, they're superhuman. They're, they' 10X superhuman.Yaroslav [00:33:22]: They're not vulnerable to electronic warfare. They don't care about the radio horizon. They don't lose track during navigation. They are not susceptible to human error when, an artillery shell or other drone blows up besides you and you're like, “Hell no,”like, “I'm getting out of here.” Right? That doesn't happen to an autonomous drone. Like, all of those things. Like, we have, like, one of the brigades that's using our drones with just first level autonomy They literally said that their success rates-Brandon [00:33:53]: What's first level autonomy?Yaroslav [00:33:54]: First level autonomy is just the terminal guidance.Yaroslav [00:33:57]: By the way, we have video of that. We can watch that.Brandon [00:33:59]: Terminal guidance means a human gets it nearby and then the AI takes over.Yaroslav [00:34:03]: The human flies it all the way, like 30 kilometers towards the target, and obviously the target was probably given to that human by someone who's flying some ISR drone, some reconnaissance drone, right? So all the way to the target, and once you see the target from a distance of 500 meters, you do target lock, and from there drone flies autonomous. So just that feature alone, it has increased the guy's, his call sign is Grom, so it has increased his, mission success rate, like precision of mission, yeah, mission success rate from 20% to 71%, and it also increased his kill zone from three kilometers to 10 kilometers, which means there's certain area around the front line which is designated kill zone. Whenever enemy goes into that area, it's almost guaranteed to be to be destroyed by a drone. And then obviously the drones are not launched from like, the zero line. They're usually launched from like, minus 10 kilometer-Mission Success, Failure Modes, and the Five Levels of AutonomyBrandon [00:35:03]: What is a zero line?Yaroslav [00:35:05]: Zero line is sort of an imaginary line of control, of two conflicting forces.Brandon [00:35:14]: It's important to explain these things to a lot of the listeners who areYaroslav [00:35:17]: Thank you for askingBrandon [00:35:18]: Familiar with warfare.Noah [00:35:20]: Myself.Noah [00:35:20]: I'm one of those listeners.Brandon [00:35:20]: You said that level one autonomy, in other words just terminal guidance, just, like, human gets it to the finish line and then it goes over the finish line, increases mission success from 20 something percent to 71%, or something like that.Yaroslav [00:35:33]: Increases the kill zoneBrandon [00:35:34]: Increases the kill zoneYaroslav [00:35:34]: Three kilometers to 10 kilometers.Brandon [00:35:36]: Got it.Yaroslav [00:35:36]: On both parameters-Brandon [00:35:37]: What is full autonomy, dude? AndNoah [00:35:38]: Actually on real quick, can we define mission success and like, maybe in a way, what are the failure modes of missions?Brandon [00:35:44]: I have a guess what mission success is.Noah [00:35:46]: But I couldBrandon [00:35:47]: Get ‘em.Yaroslav [00:35:49]: No, but that's a very good question, in fact, because, even if you fly into the target, well, first the target can be damaged or destroyed. Those are two different modes. Then there can be different targets. A sole infantryman is one kind of target. A dugout where supposed there are some, enemies there is another kind of target, and a some mechanical equipment is another type of target. Radio emitting equipment, which, like, often, like, the targets that the military want to get more than anything else is the some enemy radio tower or something like that or some small radio dish that really makes life difficult in that area, in that combat area. So those are different targets, right? It can be destroyed, can be damaged.Then sometimes, the drone hits but doesn't explode. Like, that happens. And then, there are other failure modes. You didn't even reach the target because you were A jammed by electronic warfare; B, you lost the control over drone because of the radio horizon; C, you were jammed by a different type of electronic warfare that happens way before You hit the target area. It's, impacting your, video receiver. So like jamming on video or jamming on control are two different types of jamming. Then something malfunctioned on a drone, just a mechanical malfunction, maybe like a motor broke or like, whatever. So all of those are different failure modes. Yeah, or maybe you got lost, you're navigate navigating to your, to your target. That happens, too.Noah [00:37:41]: The Level one autonomy, basically you manage to point in a direction.Noah [00:37:49]: You go there, and then the last mile The drone taking over.Yaroslav [00:37:52]: We define this like, I define that but it sort of got picked up by the industry. We define five levels of autonomy. So level one is terminal guidance. It's what we just discussed. Level two is bombing. Level three is autonomous target detection and engagement decision. Level four is autonomous navigation. And level five is autonomous takeoff and landing.Noah [00:38:15]: Those are good things to knowYaroslav [00:38:16]: Those are five levels of autonomy. Now, if youNoah [00:38:19]: I have a question for you.Yaroslav [00:38:19]: Sorry. Like, let me finish withNoah [00:38:21]: SorryYaroslav [00:38:21]: Theoretical part.Noah [00:38:23]: What is Tesla running at right now?Yaroslav [00:38:25]: Tesla?Noah [00:38:25]: No, sorry.Yaroslav [00:38:26]: That's very good point. Like, it's exactly, it was inspired by the levels of self-driving autonomy.Noah [00:38:32]: Waymo's level five, right?Noah [00:38:35]: You just tell it where you want to go, it picks you up, and then you go there.Yaroslav [00:38:36]: I think, like, if you, if you look at the classic definitions of self-driving cars, Waymo is still, like, level four because it still requires even remote, but still, like, human control. It's like if Waymo gets in trouble, there is an operator who takes over and resolves this. So that would still be a level four. It doesn't map directly, but it's also five levels.Brandon [00:38:58]: Can I, can I interject a question here? In terms of an FPV drone that's like a suicide drone that'll just blow itself up killing something, how do what it hit? Like, does it, just transmit back, or do you sort of like, lose track of it and hope it hit? Like, what happens to that?Yaroslav [00:39:16]: That's a great question. SoBrandon [00:39:18]: You need another droneYaroslav [00:39:19]: Like, the current battlefield in Ukraine is saturated with different types of drones. So obviously you have all the FPV drones and last year alone, Ukraine manufactured about 4 million of these, and then Russia's maybe, like, 20% less than that. And for this year, the publicly voiced target was 7 million on Ukrainian side. So it's, like, serious numbers. We're getting in serious numbers here. And then besides those, there are different, reconnaissance drones, ISR as we call them, and there are sort of tactical level ISR where we, both Ukrainians and Russians usually use, Mavic, drone by DJI. And then there are a bunch of locally produced drones, which are sort of fixed wing drones that can stay in the air for much longer than Mavic, maybe, like, half an hour. And then, there are drones that can stay for many hours or even up to a day. And those drones have, are more expensive, have more expensive cameras, et cetera, et cetera. We hunt those drones that Russians launch. The Russians hunt our drones, and so on. But ideally, when you, are a group of soldiers operating an FPV, you'll have someone in your, company, or someone in your platoon who has an ISR asset that will do target designation for you. They'll say, “Oh, like, there's a Russian vehicle over there. Go and get him.”and you go there, you get it, and they're like, “Okay, confirmed.”Battlefield Surveillance and the Eight Dimensions of AutonomyBrandon [00:40:57]: Those guys are watching. They have their own drones in the sky.Yaroslav [00:40:59]: Target destroyed. They have, like, a carousel of drones because One Mavic cannot stay more than 30 minutes. ItBrandon [00:41:06]: They're constantly surveilling the battlefield.Yaroslav [00:41:07]: Almost every spot on the battlefield.Yaroslav [00:41:11]: It's not always the case. Sometimes you will not have a surveillance asset, so then you would launch another FPV just to confirm that there was a hit. Then if you see there was a hit and you're not sure if it completely destroyed, you maybe hit again for good measure.Brandon [00:41:26]: You double tap.Yaroslav [00:41:28]: That's how it works. But I was about to give you another sort of piece of taxonomy. So you have five levels of autonomy, right? Then you have sort of eight dimensions of autonomous battlefield. So what is eight dimensions? It's crucial to understand how autonomy evolves in a modern, battlefield environment. So dimension number one is level of autonomy. What are the capabilities that your asset has? Dimension number two is the platform you're operating on. So it can be a quadcopter, a fixed wing drone, different types of maybe, like, a long range drone or short range drone, but it can also be a missile. You can have autonomy even on an artillery shell or a ground vehicle or a sea vehicle. So all of those are different platforms. Level three would be domain. So it's ground to ground or ground to air as an intersection, or ground to sea or sea to air. They're all, like, all the nuances with different domains. Then level four, would be higher levels of autonomy, such as swarming, drone carriers, drone nests, et cetera.Brandon [00:42:39]: Now when you're saying level, you're talking about dimensions, not about-Yaroslav [00:42:42]: Sorry. YeahBrandon [00:42:43]: Autonomy levels. So dimension four.Yaroslav [00:42:43]: The dimension. Yeah, I used to say I was supposed to say dimension. I say dimension because each of them works with another, right? So you might have, like third level autonomy, fixed wing drone operating in land to air, and stuff like that right? And then operating in a swarm or operating from a nest. Right? Then you have, sort of dimension number five is environment. So is it day or night? Is it summer or winter? Is it, humid, cold, dry? What kind of target is it? Is your target hiding in a forest, or is it, behind a hill or within buildings? So all of that is environment. Then you have, dimension number six is command and control. How are you dealing with or like, tens of thousands of those assets around the battlefield? How are you coordinating that on the higher levels of command? How are you collecting data? All that.Yaroslav [00:43:44]: Dimension number seven would be infrastructure, so things like simulation, data collection tools, security, deployment mechanisms, et cetera. So all those systems have to be developed separately and integrate with all the others. And finally, dimension number eight is sort of distribution. Have you deployed 100 of these systems or 100,000 of these systems? Because those are two very different ballgames. So that now gives you a more broad overview of how autonomy propagates across the battle space.Targeting, Human Responsibility, and Rules of EngagementNoah [00:44:23]: As someone who has done machine learning and had gone out of distribution and had things, go horribly wrong, you were talking several of these, kind of axes of thinking about drone warfare seem like they could be very susceptible to some sort of distribution shift if you start making things autonomous.Yaroslav [00:44:41]: Like what?Noah [00:44:41]: I mean Well, first ofYaroslav [00:44:43]: If the I'm very interested Sort of sort of kinds of scenarios that you're thinking about.Noah [00:44:48]: Like the most obvious one is you, if I assume these are computer vision guided systems for at least the last mile, how do you ensure that oh, well, like you now have some fog roll in or something, and you, the drones just attack the wrong thing? Or maybe, it probably will not turn around and fly back and attack you, but youYaroslav [00:45:10]: Same, the same, the same question, how do you ensure that your mortar fire hits the right thing? Well, it's like mortar fire, give or take half a kilometer could be plus or minus. So maybe you fire one, and then you fire another. So drones are actually, much better in being precise in those scenarios. And I think, to your point, I think five to 10 years from now it will be immoral to use weapons without AI.Yaroslav [00:45:44]: ‘Cause weapons without AI will be more likely to cause, collateral damage or unwanted damage. Same way, it will be immoral to drive your own car manually on a public road because it's more likely to cause, unwanted damage.Noah [00:46:02]: Wow, I never considered that mightBrandon [00:46:04]: Really? That's definitely coming.Yaroslav [00:46:07]: Anyway.Brandon [00:46:07]: No, but that' I don't know, it's an obvious, an obvious thought. I agree with you.Brandon [00:46:12]: I, No, they, obviously they're not going to let you drive once most of the cars on the road are autonomous.Noah [00:46:17]: No, that one, don't I believe.Yaroslav [00:46:19]: No, I think you were you were talking about drones, right?Brandon [00:46:21]: The drones, right. Cool.Yaroslav [00:46:22]: The weapons, right?Brandon [00:46:23]: Friendly fire and collateral damage and stuff like that is all minimized with AI.Brandon [00:46:27]: Here's my question. Take all let's go to level six autonomy. Let's take all of the target selection. Let's take all the battlefield data, integrate it into one big AI, and have that big AI basically be in command of the battlefield And agentically do target selection.Yaroslav [00:46:44]: Be the general, right?Brandon [00:46:44]: It's a general. It's, you've cut humans out of the loop except maybe as dexterous robots, repairing drones and fastening things to drones or maybe something like that because you don't have those robots yet. How soon are we there? AI general.Yaroslav [00:46:58]: The most important thing to ask ourselves is who will be faster to that us or our adversaries?Brandon [00:47:07]: I assume us, but how fast will we be to that? I hope us.Yaroslav [00:47:11]: I hope so too.Brandon [00:47:12]: How fast can we Like when are we looking at that in terms of like horizons years?Yaroslav [00:47:18]: Like technically, it could be done now. The question is of course, there's, some engineering work to be done. The bigger challenge is deployment. Right? So okay, technically Like operation in Iran, right? They, the publicly, it was claimed that I think Palantir system was used for target designation, et cetera, et cetera. So it is not exactly as you say, the AI makes all the decisions, but basically AI goes through all the data you have, gives you these 1,027 different targets and says, “You-- To confirm, please press Okay.” And you look at the targets and you're like, “Yeah, sounds right. Press Okay.”so that's, I think that's where we are now already, or we were a couple weeks ago as we're recording this on April 10th. Another question is how massively deployable it is. Is it, like, every decision being made like that or is it, like, just some of the decisions made like that? And then different levels of command and control. There you have, like, the platoon, the company level, the battalion, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. But the tricky thing here when we get into that territory, the tricky thing is If your enemy is getting advantage of being Thousand times faster than yourself by deploying such systems What do you do?Yaroslav [00:49:10]: You got to-Brandon [00:49:12]: The if the enemy is a thousand times faster than you at deploying those systems?Yaroslav [00:49:16]: Like, if enemy starts deploying level six autonomy, as you call And you have not started doingBrandon [00:49:22]: You're in troubleYaroslav [00:49:23]: Yes, exactly. So you have to catch up. So my point is that it is very important to think about the safety of these systems, but that thinking should not slow you down in developing them because they are critical for your existential, survival, right? And like, one person who doesn't think, doesn't get to think about the ethics of the war is a dead person. That person surely doesn't get to think about that.Brandon [00:49:52]: What would be the safety risk of such a system?Yaroslav [00:49:55]: Of course-Brandon [00:49:56]: Friendly fire?Yaroslav [00:49:56]: Just wrong decisions, right?Brandon [00:49:59]: I see.Yaroslav [00:49:59]: Maybe, these decisions-AI Command Decisions, Dead Zones, and Complex BattlefieldsBrandon [00:50:06]: Skynet AI decides it's going to useYaroslav [00:50:08]: No, these-Brandon [00:50:08]: Drone army to kill usYaroslav [00:50:09]: Decisions will not only be made about drones. They are likely to made about what the humans should do on your side as well. Then obviously some environments are more like Ukrainian-Russian war, where you haveBrandon [00:50:26]: It will have to choose to risk lives. It will have to choose to sacrifice human lives-Yaroslav [00:50:28]: Of courseBrandon [00:50:29]: On your side.Yaroslav [00:50:29]: Of course. And then some environments are just, like, dead, like, dead zones and there are no civilians there, or virtually no civilians close to the front line because, like, super dangerous. Everyone has evacuated from there. But there are other environments which are more like, okay, there's a counterterrorist operation. There's, like, a group of terrorists or a group of civilians. Or like, it's like the recent operations in Iran, I imagine that the US and Israeli forces do not want to harm civilians. They only targeted the military targets there, right? So in those situations, it's a different level of responsibility for that decision-making as well. And then there is just such a big variety of those military missions, and I'm not even, like, well-informed or well-educated in military science to tell you about all those scenarios. We would need to put some general besides me, and maybe a Ukraine general and American general would have told you very different stories about these things.Brandon [00:51:34]: Got it. Can I ask a few more questions? All right. So in 2013, I wrote one of my first, paid articles ever was about how the era of drones will change human society. I was just sitting around bored thinking about things.Yaroslav [00:51:54]: You were way ahead of your time.Brandon [00:51:55]: I said, I said, “The following will happen.”Yaroslav [00:51:57]: It's, this article is real. I've read it.Yaroslav [00:51:58]: It's actually-Brandon [00:51:59]: I said small autonomous, suicide drones, will cleanse the battlefield of human infantry. Human infantry will not be able to stand against swarms of AI-powered, suicide drones. That was I didn't even know about, like, AlexNet at the time, I think.Yaroslav [00:52:19]: You're just an avid sci-fi reader.Brandon [00:52:23]: I'm an avid sci-fi reader, but also, like, it's not Like, there will be a way to do that. It's a it's a nonlinear multidimensional search problem, and you get enough compute, you'll find some search algorithm that will get you there. And soBrandon [00:52:38]: I, yeah, I think that one sentence describes the bitter lesson right there.Brandon [00:52:41]: It's just like it's a multidimensional search space. You search it somehow. I don't know. Figure out some get a grad student-Yaroslav [00:52:47]: Sooner or laterBrandon [00:52:47]: To make a search algorithm.Brandon [00:52:48]: It's not that hard. Anyway, so but then, but I guess the point is The point is that human infantry on the battlefield will be will be gone at the end. I wrote that in 2013. Many people on social media laughed at me for that called me hysterical, said things like, “Electronic warfare will knock all the drones out of the sky.”like, “You need humans to hold ground.”that's something you still hear from a lot of people on social media today. I feel that this article that I've written has never been directionally wrong. It has gotten more and more right steadily over time, and that we're very reading the battlefield reports from Ukraine, where, human infantry are basically guy, like a few guys hiding in dugouts for months, and I'm not sure what they're doing.Yaroslav [00:53:35]: That's on Ukraine's side. On the Russian side, that's just like a zerg rush.Brandon [00:53:38]: The zerg rush, and then they just die. Then, but they have some guys in dugouts too, right? Like hiding in dugouts for months.Yaroslav [00:53:45]: They have. Yeah.Brandon [00:53:45]: Like, but that like, what are those guys doing in the dugouts? Are providing, like, frontline, like, reconnaissance? Like, what are they doing?Yaroslav [00:53:54]: If there is a guy in a dugout with some bullets and automatic weapon, the other guy cannot come and take the that dugout. That'Brandon [00:54:07]: I seeYaroslav [00:54:08]: They are they're establishing control over territory.Brandon [00:54:10]: I see. So that is so there still is a use for human infantry on the battlefield as of today.Yaroslav [00:54:15]: LikeBrandon [00:54:15]: How long will that last?Yaroslav [00:54:17]: I think it will last for a while. This is funny. There's this whole Layer of the modern culture, a modern Ukraine culture built around the war-related stuff. So there is this -Punk rock band, that is called SZC, I guess in English that would be. Which stands short for like a deserter or something like that. So anyhow, this band has a song titled “2030.” It's basically about the year 2030, and the war still goes on as like the whatever, third world war or whatever. And they basically, they, sang about the AI and like cyborgs and everything, but the simple infantry is still needed, and we're still, like, getting cold in those dugouts, and we're still doing our job. That's sort of the theme of the song. And it seems like that's actually what's going to happen. There areGround Robots, Simulation, and the Limits of World ModelsBrandon [00:55:30]: Ground robots will not replace humans in the dugouts soon.Yaroslav [00:55:34]: I'm very much interested in following the whole humanoid robot theme andBrandon [00:55:39]: What about like a dog robot?Noah [00:55:41]: Or just mobile controlled platforms or something.Brandon [00:55:44]: Spider robot, yeah.Brandon [00:55:45]: Everything evolves into a crab.Brandon [00:55:46]: You build a crab robot.Yaroslav [00:55:47]: A humanoid-Noah [00:55:48]: The carcinization of warfare.Yaroslav [00:55:51]: There is a lot of utility in humanoid robots because the world is designed around humanoids. So I would not, like, 100% disqualify the possibility that sometimes 10 years in the future, humanoid robots, will be actually fighting. So that's an actual Terminator kind of scenario.Brandon [00:56:14]: Yeah, in the first Terminator movie, you look at what they've got on the battlefield, they've got flying bomber drones and humanoid robots.Yaroslav [00:56:20]: Look, the cost of large language models of running them is getting so low, you can have basically an inexpensive computer running, what was a state-of-the-art model a year and a half ago, running it locally on a device with an open source model, which also means that the Chinese can have it, the Russians can have it, the North Koreans can have it, et cetera. So that is already possible. And with when we're looking at the acceleration of the neural nets, I would've, if not the acceleration of the large language models, I would've said that I don't think that humanoid robots will be able to be useful in the battlefield earlier than in 10 years. But if you account for the exponential, it might be five years or so. The problem with all of the autonomous systems, and it's like starts with self-driving cars and even with all the AI, like modern day AI agents, to make them really, useful, you have to solve such a long tail of edge cases, that it's really difficult to make them useful. Like we were promised, self-driving cars, what, like 2007, Sebastian Thrun and Google, and even before that all the challenges, everything. And Elon of course told us it's going to be one year from 2014, and now we still don't have self-driving Teslas everywhere. We have Waymos in SF and some other places, but they're still, like, not perfect. So I think, I expect something similar from self-flying drones and fully autonomous drones, and we saw that firsthand as with each level of autonomy that we're adding, there is a very wide distance between a prototype and something that is ready to be scaled to millions of units and something that has been scaled to millions of units. But the race with like AI coding tools is just insane. So things might accelerate very fast, faster than we can imagine.Noah [00:58:46]: I think your point is that with due to this long tail behavior Level one autonomy as you've defined it, is actually very natural. Like you basically are just solving an image recognition and tracking system.Yaroslav [00:59:02]: It's actually interesting that you say it that way, and I thought about this the very same way, and we have this joke that there are like 200 companies in Ukraine which are trying to solve last mile, targeting or terminal guidance. It seems like we're like the only company that actually solved that because even that problem-Noah [00:59:22]: I'm not saying it's, I'm not saying it's trivial, but it's at least something that you imagine given our current state.Yaroslav [00:59:26]: Like us and Eric Schmidt, like Eric Schmidt's companies are pretty good.Yaroslav [00:59:29]: Like, I actually have lots of respect to what they're doing, and they're, they have been practically influential and helpful on the battlefield, and they have good engineering.Noah [00:59:38]: I wasn't, I wasn't saying it's trivial. I'm just saying this is a something naturally adaptive based upon things that we know work, well. But some of the other domains that where you do have to make decisions and you have a long tail become much harder, and you worry about edge cases more.Yaroslav [00:59:57]: Like the more, the more complex behavior you're trying to simulate, the more edge cases there are right? The more ways to do it wrong there are. And then there are different approaches. It's like if you think about, if you read academic papers about robotics, right? You sort of the robot is represented as something that has the sort of sensor input, and then you have three, levels of sort of logics or decision-making, which are perception, planning, and control, and then you have actuators as output.So pre-neural nets, you would do perception output and control all with classic logics, right? Then, with AlexNet and computer vision, you could do perception with neural nets and the rest with logic. You cannot currently do each of those separately with neural nets, each of those separately with logics, or you can just have one huge neural net that just takes lots of sensory data. It's not just pixels. Could be sound, could be accelerometer, could be everything, as input, and just outputs the controls. And some of the self-driving car companies are doing that or like, experimenting between different ways of doing that. So you can also, like, think about that and the way you implement those features, also influences how much degrees of freedom the system would have, right? Like control, you can do it classical algorithmic control with common filters and PAD filter, PAD controllers, et cetera, or you can do a neural net, that was trained in a gym with a reinforcement learning, et cetera. And those would be two different behaviors of a system.Noah [01:01:53]: I-- Maybe my point was just much more high level. It'Yaroslav [01:01:56]: Or you can If you go even like, if you go high level, you can, you can like train to like have whatever, like Feifei Li and folks who are doing like physical, sortBrandon [01:02:08]: World modelsYaroslav [01:02:08]: World models, right, physical intelligence, they're trying to make these big models and sort of understand the world and then supposedly you have such model and you can tell a drone, “Okay, like, go over that hill and like, find the bad guys and then get them,”or “Make me a video, make me a photo of the guy smiling and get back to me.” Right? That's one way. Another way you have like these subsystems, like one is navigation, another is finding the person, another is like getting to them to take a photo. And those are again, very different behaviors. And then it's not that one is necessarily better than the other, and we might have more technological ability to do one or another. But all of those systems will exist. And then again, you should always keep in mind that it's only the not only the good guys that are developing these systems, the bad guys are developing these systems as well.China's Drone Supply Chain and the West's Manufacturing GapNoah [01:03:00]: I guess where I'm going with this back to Noah's original thought with the end of the end of the soldier. And so in order to replace-Brandon [01:03:10]: Or at least the end of the rifleman.Noah [01:03:11]: Or the end of the rifleman, yeah.Yaroslav [01:03:13]: I'm not seeing that very close, and it was like I'm, as much as I'm a lover of sci-fi and all of that and a technologist, the more I try to beYaroslav [01:03:27]: Like the I try to have certain humility about these things, and like the military, domain and there was just so much human history and blood and tears, dedicated to sort of understanding this art of war and perfecting it and so on. There is so much knowledge in there that I don't feel like I even started to comprehend, a lot of that. But one thing that I really understood is that even though drones are now making eighty percent of the casualties, you go to the actual officers, you talk to the actual, like, brigade commanders, corps commanders, and they explain to you, how all of it fits together, how when you're thinking about an operation that involves a couple thousand people to get this piece of land, out of the enemy's hands, deoccu deoccupy it, how it is so complex, it involves, dozens of different types of drones and then land operations and reconnaissance operations, psychological operations and then aviations and tanks and logistics and all kinds of these different assets. So modern warfare is really very complex, and the fact that the drones are the latest, coolest thing, and then the AI is latest, coolest thing, doesn't mean that now it's that and only that right? So yeah. Whoever's looking into that I think should realize that it's not just what the press talks about, that the reality is much more difficult, much more complex.Brandon [01:05:17]: Let's talk about China and China's manufacturing capabilities. So suppose that someone, like suppose the United States went to war with China. AndYaroslav [01:05:26]: I hope not.Brandon [01:05:27]: I hope not as well. And then but suppose that drones were very essential to that war of all the types of drones that we're talking about here, and that suppose that China said, “All right, well, you need X and Y and Z, to make those drones to fight us, and we control the production of X and Y and Z, so we're just going to cut you right off, and now you have no drones.”Brandon [01:05:47]: I know that a number of countries, including Ukraine and Taiwan, have been making moves to China-proof their drone productions that China couldn't do that. Examples of things they might be able to cut off might include rare earths, fiber optic cable that you were talking about before, various other things that where even if they don't control one hundred percent of the production, they control enough of the production that would be extremely expensive to produce it without relying on Chinese sources. Or the market's fragmented enough, et cetera. What do you see as China's key bottlenecks, and how easy are those to overcome in terms of China-proofing drone production in case of a war against China?Yaroslav [01:06:30]: Let me start with a saying that -Although China does not sell directly to Ukraine and it does sell directly to Russia, a lot of Ukrainian supply chains, they start in China, right?Yaroslav [01:06:49]: We're not in a conflict with China, and we would not want to be in a conflict with China. And we'd hope that China stays a neutral power between Ukraine and Russia and the US as well. That said, the scenario that you're describing, everything is much worse.Yaroslav [01:07:11]: Think about this. Last year, Ukraine produced four million FPV drones. Ukraine is not the most industrious nation in the world.Yaroslav [01:07:19]: China can produce four billion of these FPV drones.Yaroslav [01:07:23]: China can make them not drones with propellers, but fixed-wing drones, which go not forty kilometers far, but maybe two to three hundred kilometers inland.

Today's Guests: Today's guests include Brandon Anderson and Evan Lee with LT Arms in Littleton. We cover a lot in this interview but make sure you catch the details on the Bison Hunt. The Package is valued at $7,000 which includes a custom Shikari Rifle and the Bison Hunt at Clover Cliff Ranch. Entries are... READ MORE

Today's Guests: Our great friends Brandon Anderson and Evan Lee from LT Arms in Littleton, CO are with us. Also, Rick Wilson, President of the Colorado Gun Collectors Association will be with us to talk about their show May 16-17 in Greeley. We also recorded a lot of great interviews from the recent Mile High... READ MORE

Today's Guests: Our great friends Brandon Anderson and Evan Lee from LT Arms in Littleton, CO are with us. Also President of Freedom Service Dogs Chris Nelson will be with us to talk about their upcoming event Faces of Freedom Clay Shoot June 26, 2026. Chris will also share the mission of Freedom Service Dogs.... READ MORE

The fellas switch it up today and take a brief break from NBA Betting to talk all things Survivor 50 with some self-made lines and "betting" angles here. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to Survivor 50 Breakdown 02:48 Excitement and Expectations for Season 50 05:39 Fan Involvement and Voting Impact 08:29 Betting Odds and Predictions for Survivor 5011:28 Celebrity Influences and Special Appearances 14:17 Castaways and Survivor Legends 16:55 Tribe Breakdown and Player Analysis 24:30 Returning Favorites and Fan Favorites 27:36 Analyzing Player Dynamics and Strategies 28:58 Predictions on First Eliminations 32:26 Sleeper Picks and Lasting Players 37:36 Kalo Tribe Dynamics and Potential Alliances 50:02 Vatu Tribe: A Mix of Experience and Chaos 55:40 Aubrey's Potential and Survivor Dynamics 57:10 Genevieve: A Strong Contender 58:33 Premiere Night Predictions 59:22 The Shot in the Dark and First Boot Predictions 01:01:39 Individual Immunity Favorites 01:02:52 Old School vs. New School Players 01:06:44 Women vs. Men: Who Will Win? 01:09:30 Final Predictions and Bold Takes

Construction is full of tough people… and that toughness is costing lives. In this raw conversation on masculinity, enoughness, mental health, addiction, and suicide prevention, Brandon Anderson (a construction safety leader and mental health advocate) explains why the construction industry has one of the highest suicide rates—and why the real danger isn't just the jobsite. It's the silence. The “suck it up” culture. The belief that men are disposable. The coping that turns into alcoholism, opioids, and overdoses. If you've ever felt like you had to carry everything alone, this episode will hit hard—in the best way. You'll hear why most people don't need perfect advice… they need someone to listen. You'll learn a simple 60-second check-in that can save a life, what to say when someone opens up, and how to spot the quiet signs when a friend is not okay. This is for construction workers, blue-collar men, leaders, fathers, husbands, and anyone who wants to help someone struggling with depression, addiction, or suicidal thoughts. You are not alone. And your story isn't over. You'll learn why “tough guy” masculinity can block men from asking for help and how that fuels mental health struggles in the trades. You'll hear what to say when someone finally opens up, including how to avoid turning it into a comparison story and instead respond with presence and trust. You'll learn the 60-second pause technique—how to ask “No, really… how are you?” and listen long enough for the truth to come out. You'll also hear why hope matters, how “Hold On, Pain Ends” reframes suicidal pain, and how leaders, coworkers, and friends can create a culture of care without turning it into performative “touchy-feely” nonsense. 00:00 Intro00:18 Meet Brandon Anderson + construction background02:22 Why construction has a major mental health + suicide problem07:13 The “suck it up” culture and why men don't ask for help10:12 Feeling disposable at work and in society11:35 Most people just need someone to talk to15:13 The real demographics affected (not just “kids”)20:16 Opioids, injury, and the overdose pipeline21:39 Personal loss + why conversations like this matter24:09 Hope stands for Hold On, Pain Ends33:14 What to say when someone opens up34:01 The 60-second check-in that can save a life36:52 The Hope Coin idea and reaching the unreachable41:14 Trust your gut and reach out44:05 Listening as leadership (and real ministry)48:09 Practical takeaways to take action today49:37 Where to connect with Brandon (LinkedIn/IG/Facebook) #MensMentalHealth #SuicidePrevention #ConstructionLife #AddictionRecovery #Masculinity Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Editor's note: Welcome to our new AI for Science pod, with your new hosts RJ and Brandon! See the writeup on Latent.Space (https://Latent.Space) for more details on why we're launching 2 new pods this year. RJ Honicky is a co-founder and CTO at MiraOmics (https://miraomics.bio/), building AI models and services for single cell, spatial transcriptomics and pathology slide analysis. Brandon Anderson builds AI systems for RNA drug discovery at Atomic AI (https://atomic.ai). Anything said on this podcast is his personal take — not Atomic's.—From building molecular dynamics simulations at the University of Washington to red-teaming GPT-4 for chemistry applications and co-founding Future House (a focused research organization) and Edison Scientific (a venture-backed startup automating science at scale)—Andrew White has spent the last five years living through the full arc of AI's transformation of scientific discovery, from ChemCrow (the first Chemistry LLM agent) triggering White House briefings and three-letter agency meetings, to shipping Kosmos, an end-to-end autonomous research system that generates hypotheses, runs experiments, analyzes data, and updates its world model to accelerate the scientific method itself.* The ChemCrow story: GPT-4 + React + cloud lab automation, released March 2023, set off a storm of anxiety about AI-accelerated bioweapons/chemical weapons, led to a White House briefing (Jake Sullivan presented the paper to the president in a 30-minute block), and meetings with three-letter agencies asking “how does this change breakout time for nuclear weapons research?”* Why scientific taste is the frontier: RLHF on hypotheses didn't work (humans pay attention to tone, actionability, and specific facts, not “if this hypothesis is true/false, how does it change the world?”), so they shifted to end-to-end feedback loops where humans click/download discoveries and that signal rolls up to hypothesis quality* Cosmos: the full scientific agent with a world model (distilled memory system, like a Git repo for scientific knowledge) that iterates on hypotheses via literature search, data analysis, and experiment design—built by Ludo after weeks of failed attempts, the breakthrough was putting data analysis in the loop (literature alone didn't work)* Why molecular dynamics and DFT are overrated: “MD and DFT have consumed an enormous number of PhDs at the altar of beautiful simulation, but they don't model the world correctly—you simulate water at 330 Kelvin to get room temperature, you overfit to validation data with GGA/B3LYP functionals, and real catalysts (grain boundaries, dopants) are too complicated for DFT”* The AlphaFold vs. DE Shaw Research counterfactual: DE Shaw built custom silicon, taped out chips with MD algorithms burned in, ran MD at massive scale in a special room in Times Square, and David Shaw flew in by helicopter to present—Andrew thought protein folding would require special machines to fold one protein per day, then AlphaFold solved it in Google Colab on a desktop GPU* The E3 Zero reward hacking saga: trained a model to generate molecules with specific atom counts (verifiable reward), but it kept exploiting loopholes, then a Nature paper came out that year proving six-nitrogen compounds are possible under extreme conditions, then it started adding nitrogen gas (purchasable, doesn't participate in reactions), then acid-base chemistry to move one atom, and Andrew ended up “building a ridiculous catalog of purchasable compounds in a Bloom filter” to close the loopAndrew White* FutureHouse: http://futurehouse.org/* Edison Scientific: http://edisonscientific.com/* X: https://x.com/andrewwhite01* Cosmos paper: https://futurediscovery.org/cosmosFull Video EpisodeTimestamps00:00:00 Introduction: Andrew White on Automating Science with Future House and Edison Scientific00:02:22 The Academic to Startup Journey: Red Teaming GPT-4 and the ChemCrow Paper00:11:35 Future House Origins: The FRO Model and Mission to Automate Science00:12:32 Resigning Tenure: Why Leave Academia for AI Science00:15:54 What Does ‘Automating Science' Actually Mean?00:17:30 The Lab-in-the-Loop Bottleneck: Why Intelligence Isn't Enough00:18:39 Scientific Taste and Human Preferences: The 52% Agreement Problem00:20:05 Paper QA, Robin, and the Road to Cosmos00:21:57 World Models as Scientific Memory: The GitHub Analogy00:40:20 The Bitter Lesson for Biology: Why Molecular Dynamics and DFT Are Overrated00:43:22 AlphaFold's Shock: When First Principles Lost to Machine Learning00:46:25 Enumeration and Filtration: How AI Scientists Generate Hypotheses00:48:15 CBRN Safety and Dual-Use AI: Lessons from Red Teaming01:00:40 The Future of Chemistry is Language: Multimodal Debate01:08:15 Ether Zero: The Hilarious Reward Hacking Adventures01:10:12 Will Scientists Be Displaced? Jevons Paradox and Infinite Discovery01:13:46 Cosmos in Practice: Open Access and Enterprise Partnerships Get full access to Latent.Space at www.latent.space/subscribe

In this hour of Live Bet Sunday, Scott Seidenberg updates Chargers-Patriots. Plus, Brandon Anderson, from the Action Network joins the show to discuss his best bets.Get instant access to expert picks, public betting splits data, and pro betting tools when you join VSiN pro. Grab your first month for only $9.99 or take over 15% off an annual subscription when you use promo code: POD25. Click Here to get started. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Detroit Lakes Ligers manager Brandon Anderson joins the show to discuss the revival of the Ligers baseball team, the deep history of Townball in Detroit Lakes, and the renovation of Historic Washington Park.Anderson shares how the team was brought back to life, why Townball has played such an important role in the community, and what fans can expect from the upgrades at Historic Washington Park.If you love Minnesota baseball, local Townball traditions, or stories about preserving historic ballparks, this episode is a must-listen.

In this episode of the Millionaire Car Salesman Podcast, host LA Williams sits down with Brandon Anderson, Vice President at Dealer Synergy and Founder of Anderson Athletic Academy, to discuss the parallels between high-level sports and success in automotive sales!  “To me, the mindset has to be, how can I be better immediately, not six months from now.” – Brandon Anderson They delve into how principles such as discipline, consistency, and effective coaching transcend industries, offering insights into achieving greatness regardless of one's field. Brandon shares his experiences and the mindset required to excel, drawing comparisons between preparing athletes for the NFL and coaching salespeople to reach their full potential. “Preparation always meets opportunity, right? So when you're prepared, you're ready to cash in on the opportunity.” – Brandon Anderson The discussion emphasizes the importance of viewing sales as a professional sport, requiring the same dedication, preparation, and competitive spirit. Keywords like "high-level performance," "sales coaching," and "competitive mindset" underscore the techniques and strategies necessary to elevate sales effectiveness! Brandon illustrates how having discipline and an unwavering drive can turn ordinary efforts into extraordinary achievements, whether on the playing field or the sales floor. The episode concludes with advice for sales managers on transforming their teams through accountability and effective coaching, urging them to embrace a culture of continuous improvement.   Key Takeaways: ✅Discipline and Consistency: Brandon emphasizes the role of preparation and consistent effort in achieving success, whether in sports or sales. ✅Competitive Mindset: Embracing competition and striving for better results is crucial in any field. ✅Importance of Fundamentals: Mastering basics are essential before advancing to more sophisticated techniques in sales or sports. ✅Coaching and Accountability: The significance of having a strong coach to guide, motivate, and hold teams accountable is highlighted. ✅Continual Improvement: The episode promotes a culture of learning and adapting through regular review and analysis of performance.   About Brandon Anderson Brandon Anderson is an exceptional individual known for his multifaceted background in athletics and business coaching. As an All-American defensive back, Brandon has thrived in competitive sports, later transitioning into coaching, where he focused initially on training athletes for the NFL through his establishment, Anderson Athletic Academy. Today, he serves as a performance coach at Dealer Synergy, translating his deep insights from the athletic world into actionable coaching strategies for sales teams. Brandon is recognized for his unique ability to cultivate both individual and team potential, leveraging his expertise to spearhead transformation within the automotive sales industry!   Bridging the Gap Between Athletic Mindsets and Car Sales Success Key Takeaways Repetition and Consistency for Mastery: Just like athletes practice relentless repetition, sales professionals must adopt the same discipline for success. Mindset Overcomes Barriers: A competitive and resilient mindset can transcend different fields, motivating continuous improvement regardless of past performance. The Importance of the Hidden Grind: Private preparation—away from direct supervision—fuels public performance, driving success both in sports and sales.   Repetition: The Athlete's Secret to Sales Mastery Repetition and consistency underpin the journey to excellence in any field, be it athletics or car sales. Athletes dedicate countless hours to perfecting their craft through unwavering repetition, an approach directly applicable in other sectors. As Brandon Anderson emphasized, "Greatness is consistency… It's boring because you got to do the same thing over and over." The same principle applies to sales professionals, where mastery is achieved through consistent practice and process adherence. Understanding the necessity of repetition allows salespeople to bridge the gap between ordinary performance and extraordinary success. Anderson notes, "Practice doesn't make perfect because we always can be better, but it makes permanent." While this might seem mundane, enduring repetition integrates skills and processes into a salesperson's daily routine, driving efficiency and expertise. This disciplined approach fosters a deep understanding of sales tactics, ultimately leading to improved conversion rates and career advancement. Cultivating a Competitive Mindset Across Industries A central theme of the discussion was the transformative power of a competitive mindset in achieving success, regardless of the field. LA Williams highlighted, "If salespeople… looked at themselves as an athlete, what are some of the changes you think folks… would change for people?" The answer lies in adopting the athlete's tenacity and drive to excel beyond the status quo, as Anderson underscores with, "Do you want to be the best or you just want to be here?" This mindset shift involves a relentless pursuit of excellence and the willingness to push past current limits. Whether managing a challenging sales month or underperforming in a game, the key is bouncing back stronger and more determined. As Anderson states, "In winners, that doesn't exist because if you had a bad half, you're ready for the second half." A competitive outlook encourages continuous self-improvement and the resilience needed to tackle setbacks head-on, converting challenges into opportunities for growth. The Hidden Grind: Private Preparation Drives Public Performance Behind every public performance is a wealth of private dedication and unseen effort. Williams and Anderson highlight the importance of this "hidden grind"—the silent, tireless work away from the spotlight that truly fuels success. Anderson articulates, "The private grind is more important… that private grind, you're watching film, you're trying to see tendencies, you're trying to see what's going on." This preparation is essential for both athletes and salespeople, where those extra hours of work cultivate confidence and capability. Sales professionals who engage in this hidden grind—a combination of practice, strategy review, and personal growth—equip themselves to overcome challenges and excel under pressure. In the dealership context, this might involve reviewing sales calls to identify improvements, studying trends to refine pitches, or dedicating time to personal development. As Williams notes, "Rehearse in private so that you can perform in public," reinforcing how this critical preparation distinguishes high achievers from their peers. Viewing these insights together, it's evident that the synergy between an athlete's mindset and a sales professional's success creates a powerful blueprint for personal and professional growth. Emphasizing repetition, fostering a competitive mindset, and committing to private preparation offers sales professionals a holistic framework for achieving excellence. By harnessing these principles, individuals can transcend perceived limitations, achieving results that redefine their career trajectories and set new benchmarks for success. The journey to greatness—whether on the field or the sales floor—demands dedication, resilience, and a relentless pursuit of improvement.   Resources + Our Proud Sponsors: ➼ The Millionaire Car Salesman Facebook Group: Join the #1 Mastermind Group in the Automotive Industry with over 29,000 members worldwide. Collaborate with automotive professionals, learn the best industry practices, and connect with top mentors, managers, and sales leaders. Join The Millionaire Car Salesman Facebook Group today! ➼ Dealer Synergy: The automotive industry's #1 Sales Training, Consulting, and Accountability Firm. With over 20 years of proven success, Dealer Synergy has helped dealerships nationwide build high-performing Internet Departments and BDCs from the ground up. Our expertise includes phone scripts, rebuttals, CRM action plans, lead handling strategies, and management processes; all designed to maximize your people, processes, and technology! ➼ Bradley On Demand: The automotive industry's most powerful Interactive Training, Tracking, Testing, and Certification Platform. With LIVE virtual classes and access to a library of over 9,000 on-demand training modules, Bradley On Demand gives your dealership the tools to dominate every department—Sales, Internet, BDC, CRM, Phone, and Leadership. From sharpening individual skills to elevating entire teams, this platform ensures your people are trained, tested, and certified for maximum success. Equip your dealership to sell more cars, more often, and more profitably with Bradley On Demand!

Today's Guests: Evan Lee and Brandon Anderson are with us from LT Arms to talk about all they have to offer including reloading classes and customizing your rifle. LT Arms is located at 8130 Shaffer Parkway in Littleton. Also, Billy Paddock, Owner of The Outdoorsman's Attic in Sheridan, CO is an awesome consignment store so... READ MORE

Jim is joined by NFL and NBA writer for Action Network Brandon Anderson to discuss the hall of fame candidacy of former NBA guard Gus Williams. First, Jim and Brandon build Seattle SuperSonics Mount Rushmore (9:40). Next, they take a deep dive into Williams' career from 1978-1981 and debate if he was better than Chauncey Billups, Tony Parker, and Pete Maravich (15:05). Finally, they rank Gus among the best guards of his era (59:10), before making a final call on whether or not Williams belongs in the HOF (64:08).

Former Kansas Jayhawks running back Brandon Anderson joins us to talk about his path from the field to the broadcast booth, the current KU football team's potential, and unforgettable moments from his playing career — including breaking Kansas State's streak and the famous Orange Bowl fake punt. He shares personal stories about patience, trust, and playing alongside legends like Todd Reesing, plus his excitement for this season's Big 12 title hopes. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Send us a textA special international award related to construction industry suicide awareness and prevention is described by Brandon Anderson, AGCMO VP of SafetySupport the showLearn more at www.agcmo.org Please share our podcast with anyone interested in the construction industry!

Will the Rubin Observatory prove Einstein wrong? Neil deGrasse Tyson & Chuck Nice answer queries about the new observatory, the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), and our next big tool to uncover the universe with Zeljko Ivezic, Director of Rubin Observatory Construction.NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can listen to this entire episode commercial-free here: https://startalkmedia.com/show/vera-rubin-observatory-with-zeljko-ivezic/Thanks to our Patrons Ceil Hook, Travis Cowger, Mitaka, Tonatiuh Mielto, Henry Holzgrefe, Jr. , Seth Price, Kimberly Christian, Cynthia McCarty, Hector Bojorquez, Jan Groenteman, jesse riley, Brian Borho, Tori Levine, Emily Rice, Janet Andrews, Matthew Murphy, Ara Rice, Kyle Lewis, Brandon Anderson, Michelle, Kevin Ahern, Jason VanNimwegen(N7IAG), Johnny K, Joshua Barkley, Nathaniel Randell, Jon Waterfield, Matthew Schrage, Zdravko Iskrev, Norman Weizer, Brad Magic Soace, Alfrdo Fettucine Jr, Larry Taylor, Kelli Buckle, Darkarma, Lillian S., Jay Swami, Niki Anderson, Stephen Sullivan, Prasad Mohire, Dylan S, Billy Maher, Andrius Linkus, Jack Terpstra, Jason Duran, Christopher Tuomi, Farrukh Baig, Carlas, Margaret Widman Dees, and Sister Peace for supporting us this week. Subscribe to SiriusXM Podcasts+ to listen to new episodes of StarTalk Radio ad-free and a whole week early.Start a free trial now on Apple Podcasts or by visiting siriusxm.com/podcastsplus.

Jack, Kenny and Payton dive into how Missouri football landed offensive lineman Brandon Anderson over North Carolina and Tennessee and check in on how the Tigers' recruiting is stacking up to the rest of the SEC as the calendar flips to July. The guys get into a draft mode with a Mount Rushmore of college basketball Mid-Majors. The show ends with Quick Hits: Grill and Bates find NBA teams, Cayden Green earns national recognition and an MU J-School shoutout from Brad Pitt. Intro 00:00:00-00:02:02 Anderson picks Mizzou 00:02:03-00:22:48 Mount Rushmore of Mid-Majors 00:22:49-00:44:49 Quick Hits 00:44:50-01:05:46

Abraham Lincoln is known as "The Great Emancipator." But not many people know that during the Civil War, he jailed as many as 2,000 political opponents without charges or trial. The story in this episode revolves around what happened in Baltimore, Maryland in 1861 and why it led to the Mayor, the Police Chief, the entire City Council and many more being jailed indefinitely in a suspension of the writ of Habeas Corpus. Then we chat with entertainer Brandon Anderson and play the quick quiz! Review this podcast at https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-internet-says-it-s-true/id1530853589 Bonus episodes and content available at http://Patreon.com/MichaelKent For special discounts and links to our sponsors, visit http://theinternetsaysitstrue.com/deals

Get the Plays FIRST with a FREE Huddle Trial! : https://dubclub.win/af/afl-c8pvn/`Joe is joined once again by Brandon to check back in on the NBA Finals, discuss potential Kevin Durant Trade Destinations, and the potential fall out of the Lakers' Sale. Plus, a full sprial of Hurricane Huda and Love Island.Chapters00:00 NBA Finals Overview02:35 Analyzing Game Six and Haliburton's Impact06:21 TJ McConnell's Role and Performance10:37 Betting Angles and Player Props14:52 Defensive Strategies and Game Dynamics17:51 Potential Outcomes and Scoring Predictions22:56 Mathurin's Scoring Potential32:45 Finals MVP Controversies and Predictions39:00 The Lakers' Historic Sale45:03 Kevin Durant's Future and Trade Speculations54:03 The Spurs' Development Strategy59:53 Love Island: A Guilty Pleasure

Get the Plays FIRST with a FREE Huddle Trial! : https://dubclub.win/af/afl-c8pvn/`On this episode of Cash That Podcast, Joe and Brandon are back at it against to break down allll of the NBA Finals angles and Best Bets. We have Series winners, Prop Leaders, and X's and O's Analysis here on this episode!Chapters00:00 NBA Finals Preview and Initial Thoughts02:30 Analyzing Series Best Bets and Predictions05:39 Exploring Team Matchups and Key Players10:03 Defensive Strategies and Their Impact12:48 Player Props and Betting Angles18:03 Game One Expectations and Potential Outcomes24:35 Rebounding Strategies and Player Performance30:11 Long Shots and Variance in Betting37:12 Final Thoughts on Betting Strategies42:11 The Importance of Chat in Team Strategy45:06 Adjusting to Zone Defense: Strategies and Players49:34 Evaluating MVP Candidates: Shay vs. J-Dub52:14 The Narrative Around MVP Voting: Halliburton vs. Siakam56:43 The Impact of Team Dynamics on MVP Outcomes01:01:11 Betting Strategies for Game One: Insights and Predictions01:08:30 Pods and Recs

What should be the Hurricanes' game plan heading into Game 2?Thoughts on Nick Cage as John Madden and Christian Bale as Al Davis?How well can Bryce Young do this season?Brandon Anderson joined the show to discuss if the TWolves can make it a series vs OKC and the biggest X factor in Pacers/Knicks

Brandon Anderson joined the show to discuss if the TWolves can make it a series vs OKC and the biggest X factor in Pacers/Knicks

Cash That is presented by Rithmm, the premier AI and modeling tool for all of your sports betting needs. Get 7 days for free here! https://rithmm.onelink.me/WX6c/CashThat25% off your first month of Rithmm: ttps://rithmm.onelink.me/WX6c/CashThatFREE Huddle Trial! : https://dubclub.win/af/afl-c8pvn/`Joe and Brandon break down alllll of the bets for the NBA Conference Finals between the Thunder and the Wolves and the Knicks and the Pacers.Long shots, every game angles, and Series Best Bets for all of the teams. Chapters00:00 Introduction to NBA Conference Finals Betting02:48 Western Conference Finals 05:52 Minnesota Timberwolves: Strengths and Weaknesses09:09 Oklahoma City Thunder: Key Factors for Success12:10 Game One Predictions and Strategies14:59 Player Performance and Prop Bets21:08 Ant Edwards and Julius Randle: Key Players to Watch24:04 Defensive Matchups and Rotations27:01 Series Betting Strategies and Insights31:35 Betting Strategies for Player Props46:38 Julius Randle's Impact and Betting Considerations48:56 Eastern Conference Finals52:01 Key Matchups and Series Predictions56:07 Comparing Team Strengths and Weaknesses01:02:43 Matchup Dynamics: Key Players and Strategies01:07:53 Finals MVP Predictions and Narrative Impact01:12:56 Key Players and Their Impact on the Series01:15:55 Josh Hart's Role and Rebounding Strategies01:19:20 Game Strategies and Series Predictions01:24:27 Pods and Recs

The amazing Brandon Anderson has been a wonderful creative force within Columbus Ohio and makes his (upcoming Friday night from this recording) full show debut with Columbus Ohio's "The Martini Affair" 5.23.25. Brandon takes us through all of the creative experiences that will pour into the "The Martini Affair". We felt like Brandon's just getting started, yet his creative journey throughout his life is multi-faceted and fun to learn.

A year ago, Pine Creek High School lacked an official Christian club. But after a group of students stepped out in faith to hand out Bibles, God began something incredible. One student, initially mocking the outreach, stopped for a gospel conversation and accepted Jesus. Since then, McKenzie and her team launched a thriving club, hosted two large outreaches, and seen many students come to faith. Sylvie's school has also experienced revival as students who once showed no interest in the gospel are now engaging and committing to Christ. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __   

Send us a textToday we discuss the life and career of a young man called Brandon Anderson. Also known as Anderson .Paak. We also take a look at the youthful hubris of Lorde's debut album "Pure Heroine", and a song by The Graduate, "Sit and Sink".Follow us on Instagram if that's your thing: https://www.instagram.com/theplaylisterspod/

Cash That is presented by Rithmm, the premier AI and modeling tool for all of your sports betting needs. Get 7 days for free here! https://rithmm.onelink.me/WX6c/CashThat25% off your first month of Rithmm: https://rithmm.onelink.me/WX6c/CashThatFREE Huddle Trial! : https://dubclub.win/af/afl-c8pvn/Joe gives best bets for the 9/10 Play-in Games and Brandon provides some betting trends. Then, Joe and Brandon break down all of the 3/6 and 4/5 matchups for the NBA Playoffs with best bets and series leader plays galore. Chapters00:00 Introduction to NBA Playoff Preview03:09 Analyzing the Play-In Tournament: Heat vs. Bulls06:09 Mavericks vs. Kings: Injury Impact and Team Dynamics09:00 Lakers vs. Timberwolves: Matchup Insights and Predictions11:55 Timberwolves' Potential and Lakers' Challenges14:55 Clippers vs. Nuggets: A Clash of Titans18:08 Clippers' Strategy and Nuggets' Struggles28:08 Clippers vs. Nuggets: Analyzing the Matchup32:46 Knicks vs. Pistons: A Competitive Series Ahead41:19 Pacers vs. Bucks: Indiana's Strong Position47:36 Celtics vs. Magic: Potential Upsets and Player Props

Growth doesn't happen by accident—it's built, nurtured, and supported. In this episode, our friends at Personal Mastery Alliance—Dr. Charlie Cartwright, Raymond Tonye, and Brandon Anderson—discuss how to design your environment, relationships, and systems to support real transformation. If you're ready to grow with purpose, this one's for you. Key Highlights: Intentional Support Systems – Why who and what you surround yourself with matters. Relationship Alignment – Cultivating partnerships that fuel growth and purpose. Strategic Growth Planning – Don't wing it—design your growth like you would a business. Recognizing Dead Weight – Let go of what's not serving your elevation. Daily Environment Design – Align your space, schedule, and mindset for success. You don't grow by chance—you grow by design. The people you choose, the systems you create, and the energy you cultivate become the soil for your success. Start building with intention. Enjoyed this episode? Share it with someone who's ready to build a better foundation for their future and leave us a review to keep these conversations going.

Life isn't measured in years—it's measured in moments. In this episode, we dive into what it means to truly live each day with purpose. Our friends from Personal Mastery Alliance—Dr. Charlie Cartwright, Raymond Tonye, and Brandon Anderson—explore how aligning your mindset, designing your life with intention, and embracing daily joy can lead to a life well lived. Key Highlights: The Posture of Your Mind – Are you aligned with what you're doing? Love Your Work & Life – Are you fully engaged in your relationships and daily routine? Design with Intention – Are you shaping your days consciously, or just going through the motions? Wow Moment Challenge – Have you created a moment this week that made you stop, appreciate, and feel deeply alive? If not, you still have time—make it happen!   Every day is a chance to live fully, but only if you choose to. Take a moment to check in: Are you just existing, or are you truly living? Be intentional, create those wow moments, and make every day count.   If this episode resonated with you, share it with someone who needs to hear it, subscribe for more insights, and leave a review to let us know your thoughts!    

In a world that glorifies hustle, are you truly making progress or just staying busy? In this episode, our friends from Personal Mastery Alliance—Dr. Charlie Cartwright, Raymond Tonye, and Brandon Anderson—challenge the idea that more is always better. They explore how cutting away the unessential, focusing on purpose, and seeking truth over greatness can unlock real productivity and fulfillment.   Key Highlights: Dedication is often just meaningless work in disguise. Be ruthless and cut the fat. It is not about daily increase but daily decrease. Hack away the unessential—the closer to the source, the less wastage. It's not how much you do, but why you do it. Purpose over busyness. Are you being productive or just active? Learn to distinguish between the two. Seek not greatness; seek truth, and you will find both.   Less isn't just more—it's everything. When you cut away what doesn't matter, you make room for what truly does. Take a step back, assess your daily actions, and ask yourself: Am I creating real impact or just staying busy?   If this episode gave you a fresh perspective, share it with a friend, subscribe for more insights, and leave a review to let us know your thoughts!

The Action Network's Brandon Anderson join the show to break down his favorite prop bets for The Big Game. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Chase Thomas is the Sports Renaissance Man, Atlanta Sports Guy & VFL. On today's program, Chase is joined by More Important Issues' Caleb Mitchell and Landon Raby to talk about Tennessee men's hoops (5:20), if the Vols can finish strong to earn a 1 seed (10:20), Nico Iamaleava 2024 season grade (15:00), Reese Chapman and Cannon Peebles hype for Tennessee baseball and much more (32:30). Then, GoVols247's Ryan Callahan joins the program to talk about Vols five-stars Isaiah Campbell and David Sanders (45:00), which freshman cornerback could help in 2025 (58:00), Travis Smith Jr's high floor at Tennessee (62:00), what happened with Brandon Anderson (68:00), and the possibility of Savion Hiter picking Tennessee in the 2026 class (75:00).Host: Chase ThomasGuests: Caleb Mitchell, Landon Raby, Ryan CallahanTo learn more about CT and the pod please go visit: https://chasethomaspodcast.comBy the way, this is a free, independent national sports podcast. To keep it that way, I'm going to need some help from you guys. If you're a fan of the pod and you haven't already, take a second right now and leave the show a 5-star rating and a review on Apple, Spotify or wherever you get your podcasts. It really does help, and it's so quick and easy to do. Thanks, y'all!Keep up with Chase on social media:Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/PodChaseThomasFollow me on Instagram: https://bit.ly/3kFHPDnFollow me on TikTok: https://bit.ly/3JdZ3RF'Like' me on Facebook: https://bit.ly/3ZmURo4 Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Welcome to Personal Mastery Training, where we delve into the skills and mindset needed to unlock your full potential. In this episode, "Find a Way, Not an Excuse," we explore the importance of resilience and resourcefulness in overcoming life's challenges. Get ready to transform your mindset and take charge of your journey! Key Highlights: Mindset Matters: Discover how a positive mindset can transform your approach to challenges. Real-Life Stories: Hear from individuals who turned their struggles into success through perseverance. Practical Strategies: Learn actionable tips to help you tackle barriers and stay motivated. Community Support: Explore the importance of surrounding yourself with like-minded individuals who uplift and inspire. Excuse-Busting Techniques: Identify common excuses and how to reframe them into opportunities for growth. Remember, every obstacle is an opportunity waiting to be seized. Join us next time for more insights and inspiration on your journey to success! Connect with: Alvin Brown @personalmasterytraining Dr. Charlie Cartwright @dr.charliecartwright Raymond Ndjonok Tonye @i_am_coach_ray Brandon Anderson https://www.linkedin.com/in/brandon-anderson-80b816110

The Tennessee Football Volunteers picked up a major commitment after beating the Alabama Crimson Tide.The Dave Hooker Show airs weekdays at 10am EST weekdays. Please turn notifications on! WATCH/SUB: https://linktr.ee/offthehooksportsSUPPORT OUR SPONSORSThe Dave Hooker Show. Represented by Banks and Jones. Tennessee's Trial Attorneys. Play to win. banksjones.com. Why Banks and Jones? Other lawyers say they'll go to trial. They won't. They'll settle. And settle for less. Banks and Jones is ready to go to trial for you. Truly Tennessee's trial attorneys. Why settle? Banks and Jones, led by T. Scott Jones. https://www.banksjones.com/Apex Apparel Group DesignCall to action - 15% off your first orderApex Apparel, but they do so much more. A one-stop shop for all brand supply products. Not just clothes. Design. Brand. Market. Your Way! Unique products to promote your business with unparalleled customer service. A full-on brand supply company. https://Orderapexapparel.com/ Call Tyler! (865)-919-3001BetUS is your college basketball betting home. Get 125-percent bonus on your first three deposits. Plus 10-percent gambler's insurance. https://bit.ly/OffTheHook125SU3XBoundless MovingFrom our 2 hour Minimum to Turn Key Operations - We have You Covered!Brainerd Golf Course and Brown Acres Golf Course Golf Chattanooga's best public courses. Tee times available! Just click below. https://secure.east.prophetservices.c...Chattanooga MortgageCongratulations! Your home search just got easier. Buying a home in Chattanooga has never been easier with Chattanooga Mortgage. https://chattmortgage.com/City Heating and Air50 years in East Tennessee. Integrity Matters! Don't trust a fly-by night HVAC company to tell you that you need a new unti that could cost thousands or more. http://www.cityheatandair.comDon Self - State FarmCUSTOMER SERVICE STILL MATTERS! For forty years, they have built their business on taking care of their customers. In the greater Chattanooga area. Call (423)396-2126 or go to http://www.donself.netDynasty Pools and SpasImagine having the best spas - made right here in the USA - in your backyard. Well, they're here! Now open, Dynasty Pools and Spas has their brand new showroom open in Athens with the best hot tubs and spas on the market. Delivery? Yes, they can do that. Complete support, spa cover and chemicals to keep your spa bubbling at it's best. That's Dynasty Pools and Spas. http://www.dynastypoolsandspas.comHemp HouseThe premier hemp dispensary online with a wide variety, great selection and strict standards to ensure you only receive the best in CBD or Delta products. https://hemphousechatt.com/ Use promo code "HOOKED" for 10-percent off.Quality Tire ProThe Eberle family has been serving Chattanooga community since 1957. All major brands of tires. Full Service Automotive. Brake, Alignments, Oil Changes and more. All work is covered by a nationwide warranty! Cherokee Blvd or online at qualitytirepros.com. Say OTH said “Hey Bo!”Ray Varner FordLocal you Trust. Innovation you can afford. http://www.rayvarnerford.comRick Terry Jewelry DesignsWe want to be your Jeweler! Looking for affordable game-day jewelry. How about the fire opals? A Tennessee tradition. https://rickterryjewelry.com/Sports TreasuresCarrying Over 5-million Sports Treasures….and so much more! Follow on Facebook for the best sports memorabilia. Daily updates! / sportstreasurestnTri-Star HatsFor the latest in Tri-Star Hats, go to the orginal. Hats, apparel and more!!! http://www.tristarhatsco.com

The Tennessee Football Volunteers picked up a major commitment after beating the Alabama Crimson Tide. The Dave Hooker Show airs weekdays at 10am EST weekdays. Please turn notifications on! WATCH/SUB: https://linktr.ee/offthehooksports SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS The Dave Hooker Show. Represented by Banks and Jones. Tennessee's Trial Attorneys. Play to win. banksjones.com. Why Banks and Jones? Other lawyers say they'll go to trial. They won't. They'll settle. And settle for less. Banks and Jones is ready to go to trial for you. Truly Tennessee's trial attorneys. Why settle? Banks and Jones, led by T. Scott Jones. https://www.banksjones.com/ Apex Apparel Group Design Call to action - 15% off your first order Apex Apparel, but they do so much more. A one-stop shop for all brand supply products. Not just clothes. Design. Brand. Market. Your Way! Unique products to promote your business with unparalleled customer service. A full-on brand supply company. https://Orderapexapparel.com/ Call Tyler! (865)-919-3001 BetUS is your college basketball betting home. Get 125-percent bonus on your first three deposits. Plus 10-percent gambler's insurance. https://bit.ly/OffTheHook125SU3X Boundless Moving From our 2 hour Minimum to Turn Key Operations - We have You Covered! Brainerd Golf Course and Brown Acres Golf Course Golf Chattanooga's best public courses. Tee times available! Just click below. https://secure.east.prophetservices.c... Chattanooga Mortgage Congratulations! Your home search just got easier. Buying a home in Chattanooga has never been easier with Chattanooga Mortgage. https://chattmortgage.com/ City Heating and Air 50 years in East Tennessee. Integrity Matters! Don't trust a fly-by night HVAC company to tell you that you need a new unti that could cost thousands or more. http://www.cityheatandair.com Don Self - State Farm CUSTOMER SERVICE STILL MATTERS! For forty years, they have built their business on taking care of their customers. In the greater Chattanooga area. Call (423)396-2126 or go to http://www.donself.net Dynasty Pools and Spas Imagine having the best spas - made right here in the USA - in your backyard. Well, they're here! Now open, Dynasty Pools and Spas has their brand new showroom open in Athens with the best hot tubs and spas on the market. Delivery? Yes, they can do that. Complete support, spa cover and chemicals to keep your spa bubbling at it's best. That's Dynasty Pools and Spas. http://www.dynastypoolsandspas.com Hemp House The premier hemp dispensary online with a wide variety, great selection and strict standards to ensure you only receive the best in CBD or Delta products. https://hemphousechatt.com/ Use promo code "HOOKED" for 10-percent off. Quality Tire Pro The Eberle family has been serving Chattanooga community since 1957. All major brands of tires. Full Service Automotive. Brake, Alignments, Oil Changes and more. All work is covered by a nationwide warranty! Cherokee Blvd or online at qualitytirepros.com. Say OTH said “Hey Bo!” Ray Varner Ford Local you Trust. Innovation you can afford. http://www.rayvarnerford.com Rick Terry Jewelry Designs We want to be your Jeweler! Looking for affordable game-day jewelry. How about the fire opals? A Tennessee tradition. https://rickterryjewelry.com/ Sports Treasures Carrying Over 5-million Sports Treasures….and so much more! Follow on Facebook for the best sports memorabilia. Daily updates! / sportstreasurestn Tri-Star Hats For the latest in Tri-Star Hats, go to the orginal. Hats, apparel and more!!! http://www.tristarhatsco.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Tennessee Football has beaten the Gators and Alabama Crimson Tide in back to back weeks. Brandon Anderson committed to UT. Jacob Warren joins to discuss the Volunteers' offense, and Mike Stowell joined to discuss their line. Also, what else happened in the SEC and the nation during Week 8?The Dave Hooker Show airs weekdays at 10am EST weekdays. Please turn notifications on! WATCH/SUB: https://linktr.ee/offthehooksportsSUPPORT OUR SPONSORSThe Dave Hooker Show. Represented by Banks and Jones. Tennessee's Trial Attorneys. Play to win. banksjones.com. Why Banks and Jones? Other lawyers say they'll go to trial. They won't. They'll settle. And settle for less. Banks and Jones is ready to go to trial for you. Truly Tennessee's trial attorneys. Why settle? Banks and Jones, led by T. Scott Jones. https://www.banksjones.com/Apex Apparel Group DesignCall to action - 15% off your first orderApex Apparel, but they do so much more. A one-stop shop for all brand supply products. Not just clothes. Design. Brand. Market. Your Way! Unique products to promote your business with unparalleled customer service. A full-on brand supply company. https://Orderapexapparel.com/ Call Tyler! (865)-919-3001BetUS is your college basketball betting home. Get 125-percent bonus on your first three deposits. Plus 10-percent gambler's insurance. https://bit.ly/OffTheHook125SU3XBoundless MovingFrom our 2 hour Minimum to Turn Key Operations - We have You Covered!Brainerd Golf Course and Brown Acres Golf Course Golf Chattanooga's best public courses. Tee times available! Just click below. https://secure.east.prophetservices.c...Chattanooga MortgageCongratulations! Your home search just got easier. Buying a home in Chattanooga has never been easier with Chattanooga Mortgage. https://chattmortgage.com/City Heating and Air50 years in East Tennessee. Integrity Matters! Don't trust a fly-by night HVAC company to tell you that you need a new unti that could cost thousands or more. http://www.cityheatandair.comDon Self - State FarmCUSTOMER SERVICE STILL MATTERS! For forty years, they have built their business on taking care of their customers. In the greater Chattanooga area. Call (423)396-2126 or go to http://www.donself.netDynasty Pools and SpasImagine having the best spas - made right here in the USA - in your backyard. Well, they're here! Now open, Dynasty Pools and Spas has their brand new showroom open in Athens with the best hot tubs and spas on the market. Delivery? Yes, they can do that. Complete support, spa cover and chemicals to keep your spa bubbling at it's best. That's Dynasty Pools and Spas. http://www.dynastypoolsandspas.comHemp HouseThe premier hemp dispensary online with a wide variety, great selection and strict standards to ensure you only receive the best in CBD or Delta products. https://hemphousechatt.com/ Use promo code "HOOKED" for 10-percent off.Quality Tire ProThe Eberle family has been serving Chattanooga community since 1957. All major brands of tires. Full Service Automotive. Brake, Alignments, Oil Changes and more. All work is covered by a nationwide warranty! Cherokee Blvd or online at qualitytirepros.com. Say OTH said “Hey Bo!”Ray Varner FordLocal you Trust. Innovation you can afford. http://www.rayvarnerford.comRick Terry Jewelry DesignsWe want to be your Jeweler! Looking for affordable game-day jewelry. How about the fire opals? A Tennessee tradition. https://rickterryjewelry.com/Sports TreasuresCarrying Over 5-million Sports Treasures….and so much more! Follow on Facebook for the best sports memorabilia. Daily updates! / sportstreasurestnTri-Star HatsFor the latest in Tri-Star Hats, go to the orginal. Hats, apparel and more!!! http://www.tristarhatsco.com

Tennessee Football has beaten the Gators and Alabama Crimson Tide in back to back weeks. Brandon Anderson committed to UT. Jacob Warren joins to discuss the Volunteers' offense, and Mike Stowell joined to discuss their line. Also, what else happened in the SEC and the nation during Week 8? The Dave Hooker Show airs weekdays at 10am EST weekdays. Please turn notifications on! WATCH/SUB: https://linktr.ee/offthehooksports SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS The Dave Hooker Show. Represented by Banks and Jones. Tennessee's Trial Attorneys. Play to win. banksjones.com. Why Banks and Jones? Other lawyers say they'll go to trial. They won't. They'll settle. And settle for less. Banks and Jones is ready to go to trial for you. Truly Tennessee's trial attorneys. Why settle? Banks and Jones, led by T. Scott Jones. https://www.banksjones.com/ Apex Apparel Group Design Call to action - 15% off your first order Apex Apparel, but they do so much more. A one-stop shop for all brand supply products. Not just clothes. Design. Brand. Market. Your Way! Unique products to promote your business with unparalleled customer service. A full-on brand supply company. https://Orderapexapparel.com/ Call Tyler! (865)-919-3001 BetUS is your college basketball betting home. Get 125-percent bonus on your first three deposits. Plus 10-percent gambler's insurance. https://bit.ly/OffTheHook125SU3X Boundless Moving From our 2 hour Minimum to Turn Key Operations - We have You Covered! Brainerd Golf Course and Brown Acres Golf Course Golf Chattanooga's best public courses. Tee times available! Just click below. https://secure.east.prophetservices.c... Chattanooga Mortgage Congratulations! Your home search just got easier. Buying a home in Chattanooga has never been easier with Chattanooga Mortgage. https://chattmortgage.com/ City Heating and Air 50 years in East Tennessee. Integrity Matters! Don't trust a fly-by night HVAC company to tell you that you need a new unti that could cost thousands or more. http://www.cityheatandair.com Don Self - State Farm CUSTOMER SERVICE STILL MATTERS! For forty years, they have built their business on taking care of their customers. In the greater Chattanooga area. Call (423)396-2126 or go to http://www.donself.net Dynasty Pools and Spas Imagine having the best spas - made right here in the USA - in your backyard. Well, they're here! Now open, Dynasty Pools and Spas has their brand new showroom open in Athens with the best hot tubs and spas on the market. Delivery? Yes, they can do that. Complete support, spa cover and chemicals to keep your spa bubbling at it's best. That's Dynasty Pools and Spas. http://www.dynastypoolsandspas.com Hemp House The premier hemp dispensary online with a wide variety, great selection and strict standards to ensure you only receive the best in CBD or Delta products. https://hemphousechatt.com/ Use promo code "HOOKED" for 10-percent off. Quality Tire Pro The Eberle family has been serving Chattanooga community since 1957. All major brands of tires. Full Service Automotive. Brake, Alignments, Oil Changes and more. All work is covered by a nationwide warranty! Cherokee Blvd or online at qualitytirepros.com. Say OTH said “Hey Bo!” Ray Varner Ford Local you Trust. Innovation you can afford. http://www.rayvarnerford.com Rick Terry Jewelry Designs We want to be your Jeweler! Looking for affordable game-day jewelry. How about the fire opals? A Tennessee tradition. https://rickterryjewelry.com/ Sports Treasures Carrying Over 5-million Sports Treasures….and so much more! Follow on Facebook for the best sports memorabilia. Daily updates! / sportstreasurestn Tri-Star Hats For the latest in Tri-Star Hats, go to the orginal. Hats, apparel and more!!! http://www.tristarhatsco.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Brandon Anderson is a NBA and NFL Writer for The Action Network. Brandon joins the program to discuss his NBA Top 100 Rankings, why he has Jaylen Brown 47th, and why the Celtics are the clear favorites to win the NBA Finals again. Twitter: @wheatonbrando 7:09 Joe Mazzulla has incredible buy-in 12:06 Jaylen's ranks amongst NBA elite 22:05 Is Jaylen the new Klay Thompson? 47:39 No team in the East can knock off Boston Available for download on iTunes and Spotify on Friday, October 18th, 2024. Celtics Beat is powered by Prize Picks and Gametime! Prize Picks is the official daily fantasy sponsor of CLNS Media. Download the app and use the code CLNS for $50 instantly with any $5 play! And download the Gametime app and use the code CLNS for $20 off your first purchase! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Join the Huddle on ME for FREE until 10/31/24: https://dubclub.win/utm/cam-4vhcsWelcome to The Money Series, a four-part series on Cash That Podcast with Joe Dellera and guest, Brandon Anderson. Tune in to Hidden Contract Details here: https://player.captivate.fm/episode/336b80e5-a0b7-428b-a3d1-8c258ee292a3/The WORST NBA Contracts: https://player.captivate.fm/episode/bbedb321-f6b8-40db-9739-39db037b321f/The BEST NBA Contracts: https://player.captivate.fm/episode/6374b845-594f-4961-9ccb-e3014159aea1/Joe and Brandon conclude the Money Series with a dive into the Hope Rankings as we head into the NBA Season!

In this episode, we delve into the concept of blindspots and how they can impact our personal and professional lives. We explore the challenges of recognizing our own shortcomings and the importance of seeking both positive and negative feedback. Key Highlights: We often can't see the full picture within our own frame of reference. People tend to avoid negative feedback, making it difficult to identify areas for improvement Embrace positive feedback alongside negative; both are essential for growth. Our greatest enemy is often ourselves, and life is unpredictable, with challenges always lurking. Fatigue can lead to complacency and fear, affecting our courage. Sometimes, our defenses can become a hindrance rather than a protection. In conclusion, understanding and addressing our blindspots is crucial for personal growth. By acknowledging our weaknesses and being open to feedback, we can move beyond our limitations and reach our full potential.   Connect with: Alvin Brown @personalmasterytraining Dr. Charlie Cartwright @dr.charliecartwright Raymond Ndjonok Tonye @i_am_coach_ray Brandon Anderson https://www.linkedin.com/in/brandon-anderson-80b816110  

In the latest episode of the podcast, the hosts delve into the transformative power of caring for your craft and the importance of embracing the little things in life. They explore how genuine passion and attention can elevate our experiences, helping us avoid stagnation and live a more fulfilling life. Key Highlights: Emphasizing Passion: Caring about your craft fosters growth and prevents stagnation. Value of the Small Things: The little moments and details often hold more significance than we realize. Mastery through Care: True mastery comes from consistent care and effort in our pursuits. Life Balance: Finding joy in both big achievements and small victories enhances overall well-being. As you listen to this episode, consider how you can apply these insights to your own life. By nurturing your passions and appreciating the small details, you can craft a life that truly reflects your values and aspirations. Tune in and start your journey towards mastering the art of living! Connect with: Alvin Brown @personalmasterytraining Dr. Charlie Cartwright @dr.charliecartwright Raymond Ndjonok Tonye @i_am_coach_ray Brandon Anderson https://www.linkedin.com/in/brandon-anderson-80b816110    

Join the Huddle on ME for 3 days for free: https://dubclub.win/af/afl-8u2tc/Welcome to The Money Series, a four-part series on Cash That Podcast with Joe Dellera and guest, Brandon Anderson. Tune in to Hidden Contract Details here: https://player.captivate.fm/episode/336b80e5-a0b7-428b-a3d1-8c258ee292a3/The WORST NBA Contracts: https://player.captivate.fm/episode/bbedb321-f6b8-40db-9739-39db037b321f/Joe and Brandon break down the 10 BEST contracts in the NBA.

Join the Huddle on ME for 3 days for free: https://dubclub.win/af/afl-8u2tc/Welcome to The Money Series, a four-part series on Cash That Podcast with Joe Dellera and guest, Brandon Anderson. Tune in to Hidden Contract Details here: https://player.captivate.fm/episode/336b80e5-a0b7-428b-a3d1-8c258ee292a3/Joe and Brandon break down the 10 WORST contracts in the NBA. Plus a pre-amble responding to Joel Embiid's new contract extension!

Join the Huddle on ME for 3 days for free: https://dubclub.win/af/afl-8u2tc/Welcome to The Money Series, a four-part series on Cash That Podcast with Joe Dellera and guest, Brandon Anderson. On this episode, the fellas break down some of the hidden contract details and nuances of a few of the recent contracts. They talk Russell Westbrook, Anthony Edwards, Bronny, the Thunder, and Brunson's big discount to stay with the Knicks!0:00 Intro to The Money Series6:00 Contract Nuances and Their Impact09:00 Valuable Trade Chips: Miles Bridges and Jonas Valanciunas12:00 Denver Nuggets: New Contracts and Cap Concerns14:50 Rookie Contracts: Bronny James and Expectations18:00 Anthony Edwards: Rising Value and Team Implications21:47 Sam Presti's Masterclass: Underrated Contracts in OKC25 :57 New York Knicks: Roster Construction and Contract Dynamics30:56 Max Contracts: Evaluating Young Talent

Today's special recap episode of my restaurant podcast, The Restaurant Prosperity Formula, is focused on systems and why they're so important in restaurant management. You'll learn what I mean by systems, why they are crucial and how you can use them specifically in the kitchen to safeguard your restaurant when you lack a culinary background. We'll also discuss how systems impact your restaurant and ultimately your life. And last but not least, I share a portion of an interview with restaurant employee Brandon Anderson, who helped his owner implement systems that significantly benefited the restaurant, the owner, and Brandon himself. Whether you're new to my podcast or a longtime listener, this is an episode you won't want to miss.

In hour one of Sharp Money, Patrick Meagher and Dustin Swedelson preview game 1 of the Eastern Conference Playoffs by running through sound from Rick Carlisle and Joe Mazulla. Brandon Anderson of The Action Network also joins the show to give his thoughts on the two conference finals matchups and give his thoughts on game 1 between the Celtics and the Pacers.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode of Shoulda Bet More, Brandon Anderson (@wheatonbrando) from Action Network joins the show to talk some NBA playoffs and some post-draft NFL. The Knicks were unable to close out their series last night, should they be worried going into game 6? The guys go through each of the still ongoing series and give their best bets on the each series and some props to play on the upcoming games. They also look ahead to the confirmed matchups in the next round and give their takes on the matchups. And finally, who are some of the teams to be looking at for futures plays post NFL draft and did the Vikings make the right call with JJ McCarthy as their future QB?

In hour one of Sharp Money hosts Patrick Meagher and Dustin Swedelson recap the NBA play-in games from last night that saw the 76ers defeat the Heat. Also joining the show is Brandon Anderson, The Action Network NBA Writer, as they give a betting preview of the upcoming NBA playoffs.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Last Action Hero was considered major FLOP when it debuted in 1993. It could have been that it was just ahead of it's time and people weren't ready for it. It also could have been that Jurassic Park came out right before this. Regardless, we take a look back on this film with a modern eye to see how we feel about it. Enjoy! •0:00:00 - Introductions •0:03:00 - Memories of first viewing •0:07:15- Pertinent movie details  •0:10:00 - Critical and fan reviews •0:21:00 - Scene by scene breakdown  •1:32:15 - Modern day ratings —————————————————————— SPONSORS: **Microdose- go to http://Microdose.com and use code: CONFUSED to get free shipping & 30% off your first order **Cedar Ridge Distillery- Go check out our sponsor and order some whiskey. http://cedarridgedistillery.com —————————————————————— **Support us at http://patreon.com/confusedbreakfast like these fine people- Robin Fawcett, Dane, Joel, Nick Merulla, Mark Prior, Keerlana, Elisha, Camden Griffith, Cameron Jay, Bud Larsen, Katie Beeks, Mr. and Mrs. Roommate, Cale James, Jason Davis, Shaun Dixon, Emilio Perez, Skyler Brunssen, Jordan Hooten, Brynna Misener, Willie Cox III, Jenel Lewis, Joe Thomas, Chris DeAro, Marshall G, Mitch Cavanaugh, Josh Miller, Condumb, Jason Botsford, Chris Prior, Jason Hahn, Travis Scanlan, Gary McCarthy, Corey Vaughn, Ranger Rick and Suebaloo, Damien Zemek, Revis, Jeni Wilson, Tim Nash, Mike Zachar, Robert Vens, Joey Piemonte, David Waters, Allen Cross, negaduck, ZerophoniK, Ryan O, David Gould, Seth Murray, Leeloo Dallas Multipass, Lance Davis, Dale Prystupa, Derek Foreal, Mike Wheeler, Mike Oxhard, Gerret Layoff, Aaron Baker, Ryan Grabski, Michael Nash, Adam Bathon, Ryan Weaver, Quinton Moore, Zach Evans, Justin Wooley, Todd Fatjo, Jared Bushman, Melinda Miller, Luke Bittues, SHADOWxViking, Rachel Heintz, Bailey Rome, Merkie, Tyler Darke, John Miller, Caleb Kampsen, Dean Roan, Austin Hartman, Jason Ruby Rod Rodgers, Chris M, Cody Kirker, Chris Kleman, Starling, Tanner Gray, David Amodei, Matthew Rosendahl, Jon Martinez, Jackson M, Spaceballs the Username, Erin, Richard Harding, Brandon Anderson, Bryant Wayland, Jacob Stahl, Alex Navarro, Richard Burciaga, Peter Fitz, Jay Bender, Steve Bland, Andy M, Matt Cruz, Terry Pyatt, Kyle Donnelly, Kyle Eberle, Jose Leusch, Robert Ross, Steve Primm, Lee Rash, Michael May, Trent Crutcher, Austin Pellazari, Father Peña, Domin Brown, Travis Ferris, Mr. and Mrs. Beers, Midnight Rider, Todd Zeutenhorst, Mindy Zellis, Damien Zemek, Mitchell Lundy, Aaron George, Zachary Schild, Matt Wendt, Mo Muzach, Diggity Dave, Grant Trickel, Anthony Fenstra, Nick Bryant, Ross Eickhoff, Grady Not Brady, Rickey Simpson Jr, Joshua Johnson, Morgan Babic, Jeremy Farnell, Eric Graham, Lew Gilly, Michael Giuliano, Johnny Wood, Brother Nick, Aaron Vandergriff, Christopher Valis, John, Joseph, Chad Miracle, RastaLion, Nicholas Blackwell, Chris Colell, Nicholas Blackwell, Tony Read, Devin Carlisle, Benjamin Dugger, Ethan Hopkins, CJ Hellmann, Evan Buscher, Chris, Taylor Roberts, Wes Clark, Sean Okusko, Jason Hagen, Sean D Green, Chris M, Melanie Johnson, Steve Jones, Beej, Alex Navarro, Child of the Watch 73, Matt Rowell, Ryan, Nate, Bobby Oberschlake, Lee Rash, Mr. Rivers, WokeMorty, Josh White, Bryan Hernandez, Ryan Holder, Peter High, Andrew Castillo, Jameson McKenna, Jeff Jewell, Laura, Rory, The Digital David, Nick James, Canned Sandwich, Glizzy Borden, Midnight Rider, Coby Iatham, Katelyn Heasley, John Sanders, Erik Kenneth John, Birdman, Anthony Marier, Jim Nanni, Kinzer Keel, Brandon Anderson, Dee Conner, Daniel J Chamberlin, Stephen Joyce, Luke Brady, Joshua Pollock, Drew Rodriquez, Mrkennedys, Kinzer Keel, Kaylan Miles, Cory M Handy, Brad Laurie, Chuck, Benji Walton, Dark Avenger, Walter, Ryan O, Steven Andrew Gibson, Scott, Chris Corson, John Medlock, Justin Chatroop, Oristel Peguero, DurrtyCash_29, Stephan Gaydos, Anthony Rochette, Coffee Junky and Breckinridge Case. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

It's Christmas-time and that means being inundated with Christmas music for the next couple weeks. On today's brunch episode, we give you our top 5 Christmas song lists as well as some honorable mentions and our LEAST favorites! •0:00:00 - Introductions •0:03:15 - Least Favorite and Honorable Mentions •0:17:00 - Top 5 Lists —————————————————————— SPONSORS: **Everyplate- Get a meal for $1.49 PLUS $1 steaks for life by going to http://EveryPlate.com/podcast and entering code 49confused. Subscription must be active to qualify and redeem $1 steak. —————————————————————— **Support us at http://patreon.com/confusedbreakfast like these fine people- Robin Fawcett, Dane, Joel, Nick Merulla, Mark Prior, Keerlana, Elisha, Camden Griffith, Cameron Jay, Bud Larsen, Katie Beeks, Mr. and Mrs. Roommate, Cale James, Jason Davis, Shaun Dixon, Emilio Perez, Skyler Brunssen, Jordan Hooten, Brynna Misener, Willie Cox III, Jenel Lewis, Joe Thomas, Chris DeAro, Marshall G, Mitch Cavanaugh, Josh Miller, Condumb, Jason Botsford, Chris Prior, Jason Hahn, Travis Scanlan, Gary McCarthy, Corey Vaughn, Ranger Rick and Suebaloo, Damien Zemek, Revis, Jeni Wilson, Tim Nash, Mike Zachar, Robert Vens, Joey Piemonte, David Waters, Allen Cross, negaduck, ZerophoniK, Ryan O, David Gould, Seth Murray, Leeloo Dallas Multipass, Lance Davis, Dale Prystupa, Derek Foreal, Mike Wheeler, Mike Oxhard, Gerret Layoff, Aaron Baker, Ryan Grabski, Michael Nash, Adam Bathon, Ryan Weaver, Quinton Moore, Zach Evans, Justin Wooley, Todd Fatjo, Jared Bushman, Melinda Miller, Luke Bittues, SHADOWxViking, Rachel Heintz, Bailey Rome, Merkie, Tyler Darke, John Miller, Caleb Kampsen, Dean Roan, Austin Hartman, Jason Ruby Rod Rodgers, Chris M, Cody Kirker, Chris Kleman, Starling, Tanner Gray, David Amodei, Matthew Rosendahl, Jon Martinez, Jackson M, Spaceballs the Username, Erin, Richard Harding, Brandon Anderson, Bryant Wayland, Jacob Stahl, Alex Navarro, Richard Burciaga, Peter Fitz, Jay Bender, Steve Bland, Andy M, Matt Cruz, Terry Pyatt, Kyle Donnelly, Kyle Eberle, Jose Leusch, Robert Ross, Steve Primm, Lee Rash, Michael May, Trent Crutcher, Austin Pellazari, Father Peña, Domin Brown, Travis Ferris, Mr. and Mrs. Beers, Midnight Rider, Todd Zeutenhorst, Mindy Zellis, Damien Zemek, Mitchell Lundy, Aaron George, Zachary Schild, Matt Wendt, Mo Muzach, Diggity Dave, Grant Trickel, Anthony Fenstra, Nick Bryant, Ross Eickhoff, Grady Not Brady, Rickey Simpson Jr, Joshua Johnson, Morgan Babic, Jeremy Farnell, Eric Graham, Lew Gilly, Michael Giuliano, Johnny Wood, Brother Nick, Aaron Vandergriff, Christopher Valis, John, Joseph, Chad Miracle, RastaLion, Nicholas Blackwell, Chris Colell, Nicholas Blackwell, Tony Read, Devin Carlisle, Benjamin Dugger, Ethan Hopkins, CJ Hellmann, Evan Buscher, Chris, Taylor Roberts, Wes Clark, Sean Okusko, Jason Hagen, Sean D Green, Chris M, Melanie Johnson, Steve Jones, Beej, Alex Navarro, Child of the Watch 73, Matt Rowell, Ryan, Nate, Bobby Oberschlake, Lee Rash, Mr. Rivers, WokeMorty, Josh White, Bryan Hernandez, Ryan Holder, Peter High, Andrew Castillo, Jameson McKenna, Jeff Jewell, Laura, Rory, The Digital David, Nick James, Canned Sandwich, Glizzy Borden, Midnight Rider, Coby Iatham, Katelyn Heasley, John Sanders, Erik Kenneth John, Birdman, Anthony Marier, Jim Nanni, Kinzer Keel, Brandon Anderson, Dee Conner, Daniel J Chamberlin, Stephen Joyce, Luke Brady, Joshua Pollock, Drew Rodriquez, Mrkennedys, Kinzer Keel, Kaylan Miles, Cory M Handy, Brad Laurie, Chuck, Benji Walton, Dark Avenger, Walter, Ryan O, Steven Andrew Gibson, Scott, Chris Corson, John Medlock, Justin Chatroop, Oristel Peguero, DurrtyCash_29, Stephan Gaydos, Anthony Rochette, Coffee Junky and Breckinridge Case. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Is Scrooged a holiday classic or is it just a vehicle for Bill Murray to… well, be Bill Murray? We dive deep into this movie and answer the hard-hitting questions like, what ghost is the scariest? Is Bryce actually a good guy? What happens to everyone AFTER this movie ends? Is a towel actually a great gift idea? Join us as we review 1988's 'Scrooged' with a modern eye! •0:00:00 - Introductions •0:02:30 - Memories of first viewing •0:07:30 - Pertinent movie details  •0:10:45 - Critical and fan reviews •0:19:00 - Scene by scene breakdown  •1:32:00 - Modern day ratings —————————————————————— SPONSORS: **Pretty Litter- Save twenty percent on your first order by going to http://PrettyLitter.com/CONFUSED and use code CONFUSED to save twenty percent on your first order.  —————————————————————— **Support us at http://patreon.com/confusedbreakfast like these fine people- Robin Fawcett, Dane, Joel, Nick Merulla, Mark Prior, Keerlana, Elisha, Camden Griffith, Cameron Jay, Bud Larsen, Katie Beeks, Mr. and Mrs. Roommate, Cale James, Jason Davis, Shaun Dixon, Emilio Perez, Skyler Brunssen, Jordan Hooten, Brynna Misener, Willie Cox III, Jenel Lewis, Joe Thomas, Chris DeAro, Marshall G, Mitch Cavanaugh, Josh Miller, Condumb, Jason Botsford, Chris Prior, Jason Hahn, Travis Scanlan, Gary McCarthy, Corey Vaughn, Ranger Rick and Suebaloo, Damien Zemek, Revis, Jeni Wilson, Tim Nash, Mike Zachar, Robert Vens, Joey Piemonte, David Waters, Allen Cross, negaduck, ZerophoniK, Ryan O, David Gould, Seth Murray, Leeloo Dallas Multipass, Lance Davis, Dale Prystupa, Derek Foreal, Mike Wheeler, Mike Oxhard, Gerret Layoff, Aaron Baker, Ryan Grabski, Michael Nash, Adam Bathon, Ryan Weaver, Quinton Moore, Zach Evans, Justin Wooley, Todd Fatjo, Jared Bushman, Melinda Miller, Luke Bittues, SHADOWxViking, Rachel Heintz, Bailey Rome, Merkie, Tyler Darke, John Miller, Caleb Kampsen, Dean Roan, Austin Hartman, Jason Ruby Rod Rodgers, Chris M, Cody Kirker, Chris Kleman, Starling, Tanner Gray, David Amodei, Matthew Rosendahl, Jon Martinez, Jackson M, Spaceballs the Username, Erin, Richard Harding, Brandon Anderson, Bryant Wayland, Jacob Stahl, Alex Navarro, Richard Burciaga, Peter Fitz, Jay Bender, Steve Bland, Andy M, Matt Cruz, Terry Pyatt, Kyle Donnelly, Kyle Eberle, Jose Leusch, Robert Ross, Steve Primm, Lee Rash, Michael May, Trent Crutcher, Austin Pellazari, Father Peña, Domin Brown, Travis Ferris, Mr. and Mrs. Beers, Midnight Rider, Todd Zeutenhorst, Mindy Zellis, Damien Zemek, Mitchell Lundy, Aaron George, Zachary Schild, Matt Wendt, Mo Muzach, Diggity Dave, Grant Trickel, Anthony Fenstra, Nick Bryant, Ross Eickhoff, Grady Not Brady, Rickey Simpson Jr, Joshua Johnson, Morgan Babic, Jeremy Farnell, Eric Graham, Lew Gilly, Michael Giuliano, Johnny Wood, Brother Nick, Aaron Vandergriff, Christopher Valis, John, Joseph, Chad Miracle, RastaLion, Nicholas Blackwell, Chris Colell, Nicholas Blackwell, Tony Read, Devin Carlisle, Benjamin Dugger, Ethan Hopkins, CJ Hellmann, Evan Buscher, Chris, Taylor Roberts, Wes Clark, Sean Okusko, Jason Hagen, Sean D Green, Chris M, Melanie Johnson, Steve Jones, Beej, Alex Navarro, Child of the Watch 73, Adam Hoy, Matt Rowell, Ryan, Nate, Bobby Oberschlake, Lee Rash, Mr. Rivers, WokeMorty, Josh White, Bryan Hernandez, Ryan Holder, Peter High, Andrew Castillo, Jameson McKenna, Jeff Jewell, Laura, Rory, The Digital David, Nick James, Canned Sandwich, Glizzy Borden, Midnight Rider, Coby Iatham, Katelyn Heasley, John Sanders, Erik Kenneth John, Birdman, Anthony Marier, Jim Nanni, Kinzer Keel, Brandon Anderson, Dee Conner, Daniel J Chamberlin, Stephen Joyce, Luke Brady, Joshua Pollock, Drew Rodriquez, Mrkennedys, Kinzer Keel, Kaylan Miles, Cory M Handy, Brad Laurie, Chuck, Benji Walton, Dark Avenger, Walter, Ryan O, Steven Andrew Gibson, Scott, Chris Corson, John Medlock, Justin Chatroop, Oristel Peguero, DurrtyCash_29, Stephan Gaydos, Anthony Rochette and Cherlyn Cochrane. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices