Podcasts about El Segundo

On "49ers Talk," Matt Maiocco and Jennifer Lee Chan discuss how the 49ers were challenged on both sides of the ball in their joint practice with the Los Angeles Chargers on Tuesday in El Segundo. As Justin Herbert found holes in San Francisco's secondary, Brock Purdy and the 49ers' offense seemed disjointed. On a positive note, coach Kyle Shanahan eased contract concerns about Christian McCaffrey, and rookie Kaelon Black returned to the backfield. Later, Jennifer sits down with cornerback Ephesians Prysock in the sixth edition of Meet the Rookies. -- (1:00) 49ers will move to a new practice facility soon (2:00) Substation will remain conversation topic (6:30) 49ers' secondary couldn't stop Justin Herbert despite improvements (11:00) Kyle Shanahan quiets CMC speculation (14:00) Why 49ers' rash of injuries aren't as bad as they seem (19:00) Jim Harbaugh, 49ers organization share mutual admiration (31:00) 49ers, Chargers bring professional atmosphere to joint practice (35:00) Meet the Rookies: Ephesians Prysock Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Last week it was eight fights against the Titans. Tuesday in El Segundo it was all business — no brawls, no drama, just the San Francisco 49ers and Los Angeles Chargers going rep for rep in one of the cleanest and most competitive joint practices of the entire preseason. Chargers looked great, 49ers learned they got some work to do. 

The 49ers are in El Segundo today for a joint practice with the Los Angeles Chargers — and after eight fights, four ejections, and one of the nastiest practices the NFC West has seen in years against the Titans last week, the entire football world is watching to see if San Francisco shows up to practice (or fight)? With Melbourne and the Rams now less than three weeks away, every rep today counts. Drop your takes in the chat — what do you need to see from the 49ers today? 

Episode 348 of the Dad's Guide to Twins Podcast Show Notes Today we continue our father of twins interview series with Russell Newman, father of twin boys, a singleton daughter, and expecting fraternal boy/girl twins. Listen as we explore his twin parenting journey, including: Why they needed to move after finding out about their first set of twins When the twins spent 2 weeks in NICU and had therapeutic hypothermia Applying an engineer mindset to parenting young children How they involved grandparents after the birth of the children Why a mix of au pairs and preschool after 6 months worked well for their family What twin gear they will use again First twin pregnancy vs second twin pregnancy Sleeping arrangements for children when the family grows How they successfully potty trained their twin boys over a weekend and more… Connect with Russell via his website russellnewman.com or on Twitter. Get Russell’s book Rocket Science for Kids: An Easy-to-Understand Guide (Engineering for Kids) on Amazon or save 15% and order directly from the publisher here. Podcast Transcript This is transcript auto-generated so please forgive any mistakes. INTRO (Joe Rawlinson): Today we are continuing our father of twins interview series with a father of three, including identical twin boys — plus they’re expecting their second set of twins. We discuss the differences between this twin pregnancy and the first one, some of the things they learned along their journey that they’re going to change or do the same with the second set of twins, and so much more today on the podcast. Today’s show is brought to you by my first book for dads of twins. It is called Dad’s Guide to Twins: How to Survive the Twin Pregnancy and Prepare for Your Twins. If you’re expecting twins, this is the perfect book to pick up to help you get through the pregnancy, know what to expect, some of the challenges that may be coming your way, and how to get ready and excited for those twins and get through those first couple months. You can pick up a copy at twindadbook.com. Today, I’d like to welcome to the show a fellow father of twins, soon-to-be father of twins again, and author of the book Rocket Science for Kids. Welcome to the show, Russ Newman. RUSS: Thanks for having me. JOE: Welcome, Russell. Tell us a little about your family right now — how many kids do you have, what are their ages, and what’s fun about this time of life? RUSS: Yeah, so let’s see. I have twin boys — identical — Lucas and Marcus, who just turned four. I have a daughter, Diana, who just turned two. And I also have a pair of fraternal twins due in October, so soon it’ll be a family of five. Me and my wife are both aerospace engineers. It’s super exciting. I just love my kids and I’m so happy that we’re going to have such a big family soon. JOE: That’s fantastic. My background’s in engineering too — computer engineering in college, more software. Aerospace always fascinates me, so I think that’s amazing that you and your wife were both in aerospace. That’s pretty cool. JOE: So when you found out that you would be having your first twins, what was the family situation like at that time? How did you react to that news? RUSS: I was secretly hoping for twins. I love kids. When my wife got pregnant and we went to our first doctor’s appointment for the ultrasound, I could tell that the ultrasound technician was being a little cagey. Then she told us it was twins. My wife started crying and I was so overjoyed. But yeah, it sort of threw us for a little bit of a loop because we lived at the time in a nice high-rise apartment in downtown Los Angeles. We’re like, “Okay, if we have two babies, we don’t have enough space, and we’re probably going to need the grandparents.” So we moved to El Segundo where we could have three bedrooms and let the grandparents stay with us. We had twins and grandparents help us out as my wife went through her maternity leave. Both of our workplaces were very supportive, and yeah, that got us through the first six months. JOE: That’s fantastic. Moving from the big city — were you still having to commute for work, or was there a remote work situation? RUSS: At the time, my wife was working remote and I actually got a new job in El Segundo. So it ended up being really fantastic — such a short commute. El Segundo is such a nice walkable city. I take my kids on walks every single day going outside. I love it. JOE: Are the twins in some kind of daycare or preschool right now? RUSS: Yeah, we’ve done a mix of au pairs and preschool. After the grandparents moved out in the first six months, we had an au pair from Brazil who stayed with us and helped us with all the childcare related to the twins. Then once my daughter was born, the boys were old enough to go to preschool — which actually happened to be right on our block so we could walk them to school. The au pair cared for Diana during the day. Now more recently, all three of them are eligible for preschool, so all three of them go. We do a fantastic morning walk that goes circuitously around the neighborhood — we get to look at bugs, look at plants — and then we just end the walk at preschool. Then I pick them up from school and cook them dinner. We’ve done a mix of preschool and au pair. The au pair program is fantastic. Going forward, it’ll be preschool plus grandparents, and then I’d probably say in six months or so, we’ll get another au pair to care for the new twins until they’re eligible to go to preschool around two or two and a half. JOE: That’s a great setup. For other twin parents interested in the au pair route, how did you go about finding someone that was a good fit for your family? RUSS: It’s sort of like interviewing someone for a job. The United States has a very structured program. You find a good agency and they’ll already have a vetted group of au pairs. Then you just sort of interview them — see if they’re a good fit for your family, if you vibe with them, if you think they’d be good with the kids. You chat and video chat and then you narrow it down. They’re going to be basically a family member living in your house for a year. We’ve done it with two au pairs and they both were fantastic, and both renewed for an extra year — two years and two years. What’s nice too is the first au pair helped us interview the second one, so they could talk in Portuguese directly and act as our references. It’s very economical compared to other forms of childcare like preschool, nannies, or daycare. We’ve done a mix of all of that — au pairs plus preschool plus grandparents — and it really lets us get the best of everything. JOE: Yeah, absolutely. Childcare is a huge expense. When you’ve got more than one kid in childcare, these creative solutions are actually more economical, which is fantastic. JOE: So you had the boys, and then you find out you’d be having your daughter. What was that transition like going from twins to having three? RUSS: Having the boys — the twins — was such a gauntlet that having the daughter, everything was a piece of cake. It’s so funny. Doing diapers was like, “Oh, it’s only 10 diapers a day, not 20 diapers a day.” There was a lot of challenge and sleep deprivation with the twins, but man, having one after two was so much easier. We didn’t even really need that much grandparents’ help. I think we went back to just 100% au pair care after two months and we were just back in the groove being super parents. JOE: You already know how to do so many different things with the twins that it’s just old hat to have only half as much work with the next one. RUSS: That’s right. JOE: So now as you look ahead to your next set of twins — what are some of the things where you’re like, “Okay, I remember this”? What are you looking forward to, or what challenges do you expect? RUSS: We had to do a lot of experimentation to try to get our routines in, and I think we’re a lot better about that now. One of our little life hacks — we’re engineers, so we actually have a full-size whiteboard, a wheel-around whiteboard we use for engineering diagrams. We made that our master schedule and note-taking system. We have a whiteboard in the living room, and we write down when they went down for naps, when we fed them, all the notes for all the shifts. Just used that for our cadence about what to do next. When our twins arrive, we’re going to break out our old bag of tricks and just survive. I think this next set of twins is going to be harder than the first, but we’ll just be more experienced about it. JOE: Did you keep any of the infant twin gear that you’ll be using again this time? RUSS: Yeah, we kept everything. We knew there was a small probability we’d have twins again, so we actually have two of everything and kept it all in storage — two car seats, the small infant car seats. We have all the little newborn sleep wrappers. We have tons of our bottles and everything. We also kept our twin stroller, the little tandem side-by-side stroller. So we’ll break that back out again. We only used about half of it when we had Diana, but we kept it all. JOE: That’s great. All our parents have their twins and then they’re like, “We’re never doing this again” — and then sometimes things work out a little differently. JOE: How was the division of labor between you and your wife and the au pair when you all got back to work? RUSS: It was a very regular schedule. The au pair basically handled the work hours when we would be at work. I took point on the mornings and evenings — I helped the kids wake up, my wife would cook breakfast, and then I would help get the kids to preschool. Around 8:30, the au pair would take over for Diana, and then we’d all leave for work. I would come back around 5:30, pick up the kids from preschool, and take over from the au pair. Then my wife would come home from work, we’d have dinner, and then we’d start the bedtime routine. JOE: Is there anything you would change with that now as you’re going to be going through that process again? RUSS: That battle rhythm seemed to be the best. Now that we have preschool in the mix, it’s going to be grandparents all-hands-on-deck for the first three to six months. After that, the older kids will go to preschool and the new twins will stay with the au pair during the day while we’re at work. I work from home now, so I have a lot more flexibility, which is really nice. When the boys were six months old and started with the au pair, it was really fantastic — they got so much private attention. She’d take the kids to the park once or twice a day, put them down for their nap, read them books, let them play in the living room, and help with all the laundry and tidying up kids’ toys, just really running a tight ship. I think the au pair really helped our kids be super social and fun because they get so much more outdoor time and one-on-one time compared to if they were at daycare. From six months to two years, they got so much more park time and fun time — and they love going to school now because they’re learning how to read. But it’s really fun just having them go to the park and swing. JOE: So now you’re two or three months away from having your next round of twins. Where are you in the pregnancy? RUSS: We just passed week 20. My wife just passed the halfway mark — a little more than halfway, because twins typically don’t make it all the way to 40 weeks. JOE: How many weeks were your boys born? RUSS: My wife’s an absolute trooper. They were born at 38 weeks and one day, and I think they were around six and a half pounds apiece, which was a very healthy weight for twins. JOE: That is really good — 38 weeks and good weight. Any complications with the first twin pregnancy? RUSS: In the beginning, just the usual stuff — nausea, lack of appetite. It was really good towards the end, though she grew very large. It’s not like she ate a basketball; it’s more like she ate a beach ball. It almost gets comedic how large your wife can grow. Really, the only hard part was the last week because of a lot of water retention and swelling in her hands and feet. The rest of it was just the normal being uncomfortable — not being able to eat, heartburn. But besides the last week, absolute trooper. We went in for delivery trying for a regular birth, but due to the water retention and swelling, we had to go for an emergency C-section. We had picked out a really good hospital with a great NICU and resources. When our doctor called for the C-section, the boys were out in 13 minutes. It was really fast. They gave us a little bit of a fright because they were getting distressed during delivery — not enough space for two very large babies. They actually spent two weeks in the NICU. They had to undergo what’s called therapeutic hypothermia, where because they were so distressed, they lowered their core body temperature and kept them essentially asleep for several days, then let them slowly warm up while being monitored. It really helps prevent brain damage or other after-effects from not having 100% oxygen delivery. Out of an abundance of caution, they went through the therapeutic hypothermia and slowly warmed up. It was really stressful and pretty scary for us. But after they were back and awake, they had so much energy and were wonderful little boys — no ill effects of any kind whatsoever from the birthing process. We’re very grateful for that. JOE: So in the moment, you had a change of plans from natural birth to emergency C-section. And then when they were born, it sounds like it looked like something was wrong. Is that what your experience was like? RUSS: Yeah, they were basically born unconscious. They were squirming around and having trouble, and they started tangling with the umbilical cord. So the doctor called for emergency C-section. 13 minutes later, one was out; one minute after that, the second one was out. Yeah, they were born unconscious, which was a little bit of a fright. But modern medicine — we were in a Level 4 NICU — and they did everything right. Absolutely no ill effects. We’re just so grateful to the doctors. And we plan to do the same thing this time around — give birth in a Level 4 hospital. JOE: Are you all trying for a vaginal birth or going straight to C-section this time? RUSS: No, we’ll try for vaginal birth again. Diana was born vaginally — my wife is absolutely fantastic. From start of pushing to baby being born was 57 minutes. We don’t know if we can do a vaginal birth again with the twins just because there might be more complications — more swelling, not enough room, other effects that just throw a wrench in our plans. But we’ll try for it and see how well they cooperate. JOE: So now you’re 20 weeks into this round — how have the pregnancies compared to each other, twin versus twin, or even twin versus singleton? RUSS: No problems right now. I’m sure the second half is going to be a lot harder than the first half. But my wife is starting to show now, breaking out more of her old clothes, wearing more blazers. She’s already told people at work, and she’s actually switching jobs — the new job also knows she’s pregnant. We’re just so grateful. It’s going to be really fun having our growing family. JOE: You mentioned moving from LA with the first kids. Are you having to move again or upsize your house, or are you going to fit everybody where you are? RUSS: No, we’re going to try to stay where we’re at, just so we’re close to the doctor. Our au pair is ending her contract, and that will free up our third bedroom for the grandparents, which really helps us. We have very economical rent, so we want to stay here as long as possible. All three of the kids actually sleep in the same room, and they absolutely love it. So it’ll be: me and my wife’s bedroom, the third room for the grandparents, and the middle room where the older kids sleep. We’ll have the new babies sleep in the bassinet in our bedroom for the first six months, and then we’ll have to figure out what to do after that. Probably more bunk beds in the kids’ room. JOE: Yeah, just make a big bunkhouse — a dormitory! RUSS: Exactly, yeah. JOE: For your first twins, the boys, were they in your room as well for those first several months? RUSS: Yeah, for the first six months they slept in the bassinets — the computerized bassinets, the SNOO. We absolutely love those. They were in our master bedroom: one on her side of the bed, one at the foot of my side of the bed. Then at six months they sort of outgrew that and we put them in the middle room. It’s sort of funny — in the beginning, we didn’t have any cribs. We did floor beds from IKEA, nice and firm, about four inches thick. We had two of them set on either side of the room, and they would take their naps there. But then they would always crawl across the room to go sleep with their brother. Every morning or every nap, we would find them both sleeping together. We eventually said, “Why do we have two floor beds? Let’s just make one.” And they kept sleeping in one floor bed in a big pile until I got them their bunk beds. It’s actually a really nice travel cot that’s also a bunk bed — we can bring it when we visit the grandparents. They rotate between the floor bed and either the top or bottom of the bunk bed, all in a big pile together. JOE: We had separate cribs too, but when our girls started getting older, they actually wanted to be in the same bed together for a while. It’s always fascinating with twins at that age — how they interact with each other. Like you mentioned, crossing the room to go sleep with each other. Very fascinating. We’d had singletons before, and they didn’t have that interaction — the squawking at each other, always wanting to be near each other, touching each other when they’re very young. That’s a fun part of twin parenting. RUSS: Yeah. For our kids’ room, we baby-proofed 100% of the room — that was actually one of our little life hacks. They had their floor bed and a small selection of toys. They would just wake up naturally at like 6 in the morning and either talk to each other, babble to each other, or crawl over and play with their toys. That could let us sleep until like 7 in the morning. Because we didn’t have cribs, we didn’t need to go get them out of a crib — they could just wake up on their own schedule and play. Then we would get them out at 7. JOE: That’s a great setup. I love how you created a safe room for them. It does give you some added benefits — they can be self-sufficient without you needing to move them from A to B all the time. JOE: Any other engineering masterpieces in your house that have been great for parenting? RUSS: We have our stroller. We always get compliments every time we go out. It’s a beast — a four-person stroller, literally the largest one I could ever find. It’s made by Keenz, a big four-kid wagon stroller. It weighs like 50 pounds, but it’s absolutely awesome. We take the kids to the air show and we have change of clothes, snacks, lunches, jackets — we can just toss it all in this giant wagon and have the kids on the bench seats. Our wagon has been such a trooper carrying three or four kids plus a bunch of gear. It’s getting pretty beat up and I’m probably going to buy a new one, but that giant monster of a wagon stroller has been a lifesaver. JOE: Yeah, that’s one thing that catches you off guard — how much stuff you need to take with you. It’s not just the kids, but the diaper bag supplies, snacks, change of clothes, everything. RUSS: We’ve gotten pretty light now that they’re four and two. Sometimes I can walk to our local farmer’s market with no diaper bag because they’re potty trained. All three of us just walk together, get some popcorn and some french fries, have some fun, then walk home. But once we have babies, we’re going to have a big reset with bottles and diapers and all that gear again. JOE: Yeah, somebody will be walking or wanting to push the stroller with the new babies, I’m sure. You mentioned potty training — any tricks that worked? RUSS: We read a really good book called Oh Crap! Potty Training. It doesn’t quite work in three days, but you can get like 75% of the way there in three days, which is actually really good. They were potty trained somewhere around two. Diana has been hitting her milestones always much faster than my boys. We found what they liked — Peanut M&Ms. We always had a little tiny Tupperware jar full of them. They always got one for going pee, two for going poop, and it was always tons of celebration and hype. What we did was a big ceremony over a three-day weekend — we called it “Big Boy No Diapers.” We got a box out and collected all the diapers in the house. They all threw them in the box, chanting “Big Boy No Diapers!” We gave them their underwear in a big fanfare, then took the box of diapers out and threw it away. On that weekend, we fed them as many snacks as we could. They were just around the house in their underwear. I got them miniature CamelBaks and filled them with water — we were just trying to get them to drink as much as possible. We fed them salty chips and tried to get them to go pee every 30 to 45 minutes, nonstop for three days. That was the kickstart to the potty training. From there on, they were about 75% potty trained. There’s a long tail — it takes a long time to get to 100% — but it was amazing to go from 20 diapers a day to only one or two accidents a day, then only a few accidents a week. And of course now they’re 100% potty trained. Big Boy No Diapers — ceremoniously throw all the diapers, do a big thing, get their big-boy underwear, make them wear their CamelBaks. So they’re running around on their scooters inside the house sucking on the little hydration hose. JOE: Yeah, that’s a great setup. JOE: So Russ, let’s talk a little bit about your book. You’ve written Rocket Science for Kids. What was the impetus for this book? RUSS: I’m a rocket scientist. I worked at SpaceX and a couple of other rocket companies, and I’m super interested in space. I had this idea — I have kids, I want to buy a book that talks about rockets. When I actually looked at what books were available and bought basically every book I could find, I found there was a missing segment. There’s a bunch of baby books that are very silly — “Rocket goes up, zoom!” — and there’s a bunch of books for middle schoolers with 200 words a page. There actually was no high-quality book meant for kids ages four to five that was a true introduction to rocket science. So I decided to make one. I asked my wife if I could do it and we agreed. It was a passion project. I had to go find an illustrator — interviewed a few, found one that I really jived with, really liked her art style. Then over the course of four years, I helped her do all the illustrations, dialed it all in, and created what I think is the best book on rocket science for young kids. It’s only a thousand words, 100% technically accurate, and has over 60 pages of full watercolor illustrations with animals explaining every single detail of rocket science. It’s full of totally real engineering. I started before the kids were born and only got to publish it last year. It’s really hard to make a children’s picture book, but I’m just so proud of it. I’ve been getting so many great reviews. My kids have seen every single version of it — as I drafted the book, I would show them the manuscript and edit each page. It’s really hard to explain rocket science in only a thousand words without getting into gibberish baby talk. JOE: Well, it’s not easy to write a book. It’s not easy to do that while raising small children, and it’s definitely hard to mix in rocket science and simplify concepts so they can be understood by children. So congratulations on the launch of your book and the good reviews you’ve had so far. If listeners want to pick up a copy, where should they go? RUSS: It’s available on Amazon and everywhere books are sold. I can also provide a link for the show notes where you can buy it direct from my publisher at a lower price than Amazon. JOE: Fantastic. I’ll link that up in the show notes for everybody listening so you can pick up your own copy and help those future rocket scientists. JOE: Russ, as we wrap up today — in addition to the book, if listeners want to connect with you, what’s the best way to reach out? RUSS: They can reach out to me on my personal website at russellnewman.com, or they can follow me on social media. I have the same handle everywhere, which is @RussReadsBooks — I’m most active on Twitter. JOE: Fantastic. I’ll link up to all that on the show notes as well so people can connect and reach out. Russ, thank you so much for sharing your story with us today. We really appreciate it. RUSS: Yeah, thanks so much. OUTRO (Joe Rawlinson): I hope you enjoyed that conversation with Russ about his adventures as a father of twins, plus one, and soon to be an additional set of twins. You’ll find all the show notes for this episode, including links to his book and how to contact Russ, over at TwinDadPodcast.com. If you would like to share your story like Russ did today, I would love to hear from you — email me at joe@dadsguidetotwins.com, or find me on Instagram and X at @TwinDadJoe. If you’re still expecting your twins, I invite you to pick up a copy of my book, Dad’s Guide to Twins, at TwinDadBook.com. Thank you so much for listening, and I’ll see you next time. Subscribe to the Podcast To subscribe to the podcast, please use the links below: Apple Podcasts Spotify Subscribe via RSS (non-iTunes feed) Share Your Thoughts Please let me know what you think of this episode of the podcast, you can contact me with any questions or comments or leave a comment on the blog. If you enjoyed this episode, please leave a rating and review on your favorite podcast player. It will help other parents of twins find the show! Download the Podcast Download the podcast in .mp3 format (right click and “save as…”) The post Aerospace Engineer Shares Twin Parenting Tips and Prepares for Another Set of Twins with Russell Newman – Podcast 348 appeared first on Dad's Guide to Twins.

En la Historia Sonora de hoy con Ana Francisca Vega por MVS Noticias: Niño chiapaneco fue ovacionado en un avión por obtener el segundo lugar en el campeonato Internacional Mental Arithmetic 2026 en PanamáSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

En el capítulo 1.171 de este martes, 4 de agosto, @franaldaya les comenta que el PIB se habría contraído en el segundo trimestre, con comentarios de los economistas Santiago Bulat (Invecq), Lorenzo Sigaut Gravina (Equilibra) y Honorio Zabaleta (Eco Go); que hubo dos buenas señales, con la mora cediendo tras 19 meses de suba y la recaudación creciendo por encima de la inflación, mientras el Gobierno avanza con su reforma de la ley de tierras; y que el Dow cerró en un récord histórico impulsado por las tecnológicas, en una jornada que también dejó la intervención coordinada de Estados Unidos y Japón sobre el yen.Suscribíte sin costo al newsletter de Bloomberg Línea Argentina: https://www.bloomberglinea.com/newsletter/

La economía de México crece 1.5% en el segundo trimestre de 2026, el AIFA entra por primera vez al Top 10 de aeropuertos con más viajeros internacionales y confederaciones rechazan el plan de la FIFA para vender parte del negocio del Mundial, con Alberto Verdusco, Luz Elena Marcos y Tlatoani Carrera.-> Escucha el nuevo episodio de Política y Otros Datos00:00 Introducción01:43 La economía de México crece 1.5% en el segundo trimestre de 202605:42 AIFA entra por primera vez al Top 10 de aeropuertos con más viajeros internacionales tras el Mundial08:20 “R1”, presunto autor intelectual del asesinato de Carlos Manzo, es detenido en operativo federal10:41 UEFA, AFC y Concacaf rechazan el plan de la FIFA para vender parte del negocio del Mundial Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

El INEGI informó que, de acuerdo a la estimación oportuna del producto interno bruto, en el segundo trimestre de 2026 la economía mexicana incrementó 1.5 por ciento, respecto al trimestre previo, mientras que, en su comparación con el mismo periodo, pero del año anterior el producto interno bruto creció 2.1 por ciento. al respecto, la presidenta Claudia Sheinbaum detalló los sectores donde se reportaron los avances más significativosSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

El Real Madrid golea al Leganés en su segundo amistoso de la pretemporada. El Barça encara su primer partido de pretemporada concentrado en Inglaterra. Entrevista a Beñat Turrientes tras la victoria de la Real Sociedad contra el Aston Villa.

Valentín Bote, director de Randstad Research, analiza las cifras de la EPA y advierte sobre señales preocupantes en el mercado laboral español

Conocé también cuántas unidades se patentaron por tipo de vehículo.    

¡QUE RUEDE LA PELOTA! ⚽ Independiente Santa Fe recibe a Caracas en los Play-off de la Conmebol Sudamericana.

“Esta selección nos permite festejar el subcampeonato”El psicoanalista José Eduardo Abadi analizó cómo impactó el Mundial en la sociedad argentina.

Rosana Laviada repasa cómo se ha vivido el triunfo de España en todo el país y las últimas noticias.

El calor extremo se ha convertido en una amenaza directa para el turismo en España. Así lo ha explicado el analista económico Marc Vidal en la sección 'Salida de emergencia' del programa 'Herrera en COPE', donde ha detallado las conclusiones de un reciente informe. Según Vidal, el estudio ha medido el impacto de las altas temperaturas cruzando los pagos con tarjeta extranjera en datáfonos con los datos climáticos europeos, obteniendo un resultado “bastante fiable”.La principal conclusión es que un turista que experimenta unas vacaciones “anormalmente calurosas” tiene un 15% menos de probabilidades de regresar al año siguiente. “Quien pasó unas vacaciones anormalmente calurosas tiene un 15 por 100 menos de probabilidad de volver el año siguiente”, ha afirmado Vidal. Además, ha señalado que aquellos que deciden volver, cambian sus patrones, eligiendo la costa más fresca o el interior con más altitud sin modificar necesariamente las fechas de sus viajes.El turismo es ...

¡España vuela a la final del Mundial! La Roja arrasó 2-0 a Francia en una semifinal de otro nivel, con gol de penal de Oyarzabal y otro de Porro para sellar el pase. Apagan así el sueño galo de la tercera estrella y mandan a Francia al duelo por el tercer puesto del sábado. España ya sueña con su segundo título desde 2010.Escucha SBS Spanish / Australia en español:Por radio o Internet 7 días a la semana de 1:00 a 2:pm (AEST)Escucha también por Apple Podcasts, Spotify y YoutubeExplora nuestra extensa colección de podcasts haciendo clic aquíEn redes: síguenos en Facebook e Instagram.

Inspirado en Un Curso de Milagros

El jinete Andrés Azcárraga y su caballo Contendros 2 tuvieron una gran actuación en Países Bajos, donde conquistaron el segundo sitio en el CSI4 de Valkenswaard.

En este episodio de Gandini Análisis, Gregorio Gandini revisa el desempeño de las principales bolsas de América Latina durante el primer semestre de 2026 y analiza las fuerzas que probablemente definirán los mercados en los próximos meses. Política monetaria, crecimiento económico, inflación, materias primas, flujos de capital y riesgos geopolíticos hacen parte de este análisis sobre las oportunidades y desafíos para los inversionistas en la región.Un episodio para quienes buscan comprender la economía latinoamericana y tomar mejores decisiones de inversión con una visión de largo plazo.Nota importante: Ningún episodio de este podcast ni las opiniones expresadas en él deben interpretarse como recomendaciones de inversión.

El analista independiente considera que la banca "va a seguir haciéndolo bien" y que sus resultados van a superar a los del año pasado.

The Iran deal is back on again and off again, but oil is not buying it. Marty and John sift through the weekend headline chaos to focus on what actually matters: WTI near seventy dollars and the dollar index back above one hundred. They break down Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent's speech on economic statecraft, why reshoring critical supply chains is moving from PowerPoint to plant openings, and how Iran's oil sanctions waivers are really a dollar dominance play. They also dig into the AI-driven memory shortage that is ending consumer electronics deflation, the administration's crackdown on frontier model releases, and why Apollo's seventeen percent withdrawal requests are a warning shot for private credit. To close, they look at Strategy's preferred share depeg, Bitcoin scraping fifty-eight thousand, and BlackRock's quiet reiteration that every portfolio needs one to two percent allocated to BTC.

En el episodio de esta semana, Rodrigo Pacheco acompaña a Karla para platicar sobre cómo México se ha convertido en un proveedor relevante para la industria de los data centers; la alianza de Procter & Gamble con Albertsons para lanzar una serie de drama y comedia; y el papel de la siguiente generación en los family offices.Encuentra a Rodrigo Pacheco en : Rodcast, con Rodrigo PachecoCompra tu gorra o ilustraciones de Whitepaper aquí⁠Escucha nuestro newsletter diario "Whitepaper Hoy" en Spotify⁠Recomendaciones:One Hell of a Gamble: Khrushchev, Castro, and Kennedy, 1958-1964Nuclear War: A ScenarioPelícula: Hail MaryUkraine is furious with Elon Musk for thwarting an attack on Russia's navyElon Musk Confirms Ancient Concerns About the Superrich

El Primero, El Segundo Y El Tercero – Joel Colón (domingo 17 de mayo)

Tom Mueller is driving his candy green Porsche Taycan Turbo S the way he builds rocket engines: with a terrifying amount of instantaneous thrust and little regard for the local speed limits of El Segundo. He is headed west on Marine Avenue, cutting through the smog-tinted sunlight of Los Angeles' South Bay aerospace corridor, talking about Earth's limitations.  “If we continue to grow like we have, eventually you just use up all the metals, you use up all the energy,” says Mueller, 65, who is especially concerned by the energy demand of AI data centers. “By about 2045, the total power that the world is generating right now would be needed just for compute. Exponential growth can crush resources on Earth.” From behind his reflective wrap-around shades, Mueller spots a gap in the afternoon congestion. His electric sports car can rocket from zero to 60 in 2.3 seconds, and Mueller seems eager to demonstrate the point. “This is where we accelerate,” he says, stomping on the pedal. The torque hits like a physical blow, pinning us against the leather seats as Mueller cackles. “The moon and the near-Earth asteroids,” he continues moments later, now parked at a red light, “contain billions of tons of metal, silicon, water and ice, so we have to start using it. It seems a little farfetched to start using it now, because we just haven't built the space economy. We haven't got there yet.” By John Hyatt, Forbes Staff Alicia Park, Reporter Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Big Sal is done knocking on wood. After two years of heartbreak, Marshawn Lloyd finally got to the bottom of his endless injuries—an undiagnosed college ACL tear that had his body compensating for six years. The Packers' explosive third-round back is healthy for the first time, earning the nickname 'Yeet Cannon' from the coaches, and could be the difference-maker if Josh Jacobs misses time. - Lloyd flew to elite performance doctor John Meyer in El Segundo and fixed the weak quad and compensation patterns that caused every previous hamstring, hip, and ankle issue. - With only six career carries, the speed demon is the fastest, quickest back on the roster and did a backflip at the charity softball game. - Training camp opens July 29th and Sal is choosing to believe the motor stays running this time. Hit that subscribe button and leave a five-star review if the Yeet Cannon makes you a believer. If he goes down in Week 1, come back and roast Sal—he'll deserve it. This episode is brought to you by PrizePicks! Use code PACKDADDY to get started with America's #1 fantasy sports app. https://prizepicks.onelink.me/LME0/PACKDADDY To advertise on this podcast please email: ad-sales@libsyn.com Or go to: https://advertising.libsyn.com/packernetpodcast Check out everything I'm building across the Packers and NFL world: NFL Draft Grades: https://nfldraftgrades.com/ Hashmarks: https://hashmarks.io/

Big Sal is done knocking on wood. After two years of heartbreak, Marshawn Lloyd finally got to the bottom of his endless injuries—an undiagnosed college ACL tear that had his body compensating for six years. The Packers' explosive third-round back is healthy for the first time, earning the nickname 'Yeet Cannon' from the coaches, and could be the difference-maker if Josh Jacobs misses time. - Lloyd flew to elite performance doctor John Meyer in El Segundo and fixed the weak quad and compensation patterns that caused every previous hamstring, hip, and ankle issue. - With only six career carries, the speed demon is the fastest, quickest back on the roster and did a backflip at the charity softball game. - Training camp opens July 29th and Sal is choosing to believe the motor stays running this time. Hit that subscribe button and leave a five-star review if the Yeet Cannon makes you a believer. If he goes down in Week 1, come back and roast Sal—he'll deserve it. This episode is brought to you by PrizePicks! Use code PACKDADDY to get started with America's #1 fantasy sports app. https://prizepicks.onelink.me/LME0/PACKDADDY To advertise on this podcast please email: ad-sales@libsyn.com Or go to: https://advertising.libsyn.com/packernetpodcast Check out everything I'm building across the Packers and NFL world: NFL Draft Grades: https://nfldraftgrades.com/ Hashmarks: https://hashmarks.io/

Paranormal NL- Marine Cryptids-Kronos Rising - Max Hawthorne, Rob Shelsky, Dr. Judd BurtonUnited Public Radio & UFO Paranormal Radio www.uprntalkradio.com PNL UPRN Seg#83 Guest Max Hawthorne. Marine Cryptids. Co-Hosts Rob Shelsky and Dr. Judd Burton Tue June 09, 2026 at 5pm EST PNL Podcast (Paranormal NL) located in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada with Host Jen Noseworthy -S4/E23-UPRN Segment #83. “Marine Cryptids-Kronos Rising series” special Pre-recorded event with a YouTube Live-Chat Watch-Party on UPRN. PNL Host Jen Noseworthy talks with Guest: author Max Hawthorne (from Pennsylvania, USA). Two PNL Podcast Alumni Co-Host Guests join the episode: author Rob Shelsky (from North Carolina, USA) and author Dr. Judd Burton (from Texas, USA) join the show. Guest: Max Hawthorne is an American author and screenwriter. Referred to as the “Prince of Paleo-fiction”, he is best known for his Kronos Rising series of sci-fi suspense thrillers, which have garnered both Book of the Year and People's Choice awards. He is the Amazon #1 bestselling author of the cryptid research book, Monsters & Marine Mysteries, as well as Memoirs of a Gym Rat, an outrageous exposé of the health club industry, and the children's book I Want a Tyrannosaurus for Christmas. His song, A Tyrannosaurus For Christmas, peaked at #2 on the 2021 World Indie Charts. He has been interviewed by both The Washington Post and Fangoria magazine, and has appeared on QVC, Spaced Out Radio, Coast-to-Coast AM, and in A Tribe Called Quest's rap video, I Left My Wallet in El Segundo.Max was born in Brooklyn and attended school in Philadelphia, where he graduated from the University of the Arts. In addition to being a bestselling novelist, he is a singer/songwriter, avocational paleontologist, cryptid researcher, IGFA world-record-holding angler, and a Voting Member of the Author's Guild. Max is an avid sportsman and conservationist. His hobbies include archery, fishing, boating, boxing, and collecting fossils and antiquities. He lives in the Greater Northeast with his wife, daughter, and a pair of enormous Siberian Forest Cats who, when they're not stalking Max's toes, sleep on his desk as he writes. Co-Host Guest: Rob Shelsky was previously on PNL Podcast S3/E10 (UPRN Seg#17); andS4/E6 (UPRN Seg#66) with Coley “UFO” Weber from SNX Radio. Selsky is an author & MUFON field investigator. Shelsky's written over 80 books such as science fiction (thrillers), paranormal novels, fantasy, horror, and more. Shelsky was invited to speak at the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Rob has a degree in science. Shelsky has also written a large number of articles for magazines such as AlienSkin, Doorways, Midnight Street (U.K.), Internet Review of Science Fiction (IROSF), and many others. Rob has been interviewed on a number of shows, including George Noory's Coast-To-Coast AM Radio show, House of Mystery, The Kevin Cook Show, Art Bell's Midnight In The Desert, The e Director of Burton Beyond, and the Director & Senior Fellow of the Institute of Biblical Anthropology (IBA). Dr. Burton has a BA in History from Hardin-Simmons University, an MA in anthropology, and a PhD in history from Texas Tech University, and a Ministerial Ordination. Dr. Buton teaches topics such as: Biblical Anthropology, World, Myths of Greece & Rome, The Bible Book by Book, The Myths of Mexico & Peru, The Shepherds Sling: A at https://www.lulu.com/search?contributor=Judd+Burton&page=1&pageSize=10&adult_audience_rating=00 United Public Radio & UFO Paranormal Radio www.uprntalkradio.com

EL PLAN OLISE sigue ACTIVO | LA SOPRESA del BARÇA | EL SEGUNDO FICHAJE del REAL MADRID

The Group Chat crew breaks down the biggest SpaceX IPO on Wall Street, the AI shutdown scare gripping the tech world, and the World Cup mania taking over America. Business news, markets, and culture from one of the longest-running business podcasts. This week on Group Chat News: SpaceX goes public at a $2.1 trillion valuation: We break down the IPO frenzy, the OG Starbase investors, and Elon's path to $1 trillion by 2030 The El Segundo wealth boom: how space money is about to reshape the South Bay World Cup mania hits America, Team USA run, and the electric atmosphere in LA A Middle East peace deal looks imminent: what it means for summer gas prices and inflation The Stanford walkout: graduates, free speech, and real-world consequences in tech and finance The Knicks' historic win, Wembanyama, and how you're supposed to carry a loss The Fable 5 AI shutdown scare, government involvement, and Satya Nadella's warning to the industry Should the US government invest in AI companies? The guys debate the trillion dollar question Group Chat News covers business, markets, tech, sports, and culture every week. If you like All-In, My First Million, and business news that actually keeps up with the week, follow and subscribe.   ⭐ Enjoying the show? Leave us a rating, it helps more than you'd think. Hosted by Dee Murthy, Anand Murthy, and Chris "Drama" Pfaff 

The Ten Commandments:The Second Commandment | Los Diez Mandamientos:El Segundo Mandamiento | Pastor Jonathan Perez

The Chargers have wrapped up Phase 3 of OTAs at The Bolt in El Segundo, and the energy under Mike McDaniel and Jesse Minter is electric! In this episode, we break down the top standouts, crucial takeaway quotes from recent player interviews, and the major schematic shifts defining the roster heading into mandatory minicamp.⚡ OTA STANDOUTS & STOCK RISERSThe defense set a fierce tone in 7-on-7 and 11-on-11 drills. Derwin James looks dominant after his extension, and Teair Tart is anchoring the interior. On offense, Kayode Awosika is commanding the LG battle, while bookend tackles Rashawn Slater and Joe Alt look fully healthy, fluid, and ahead of schedule.

YA HAY GANADOR por BERNARDO SILVA | EL REEMPLAZO de JULIAN ÁLVAREZ | EL SEGUNDO de MOURINHO

Langoy 421 | ¡Prepara tus lágrimas, zurdo empobrecedor! En este nuevo episodio del Langoy, Fortunato y Hans se sumergen de lleno en los resultados de la segunda vuelta presidencial. Y como los votos del extranjero, Daniel, Jonathan, Diego y Jakeline llegaron tarde para completar la remontada. Y si les gustó este episodio, déjenlo saber en los comentarios que Jonathan anda #modobeba porque quiere hacer más Bajes de Pepa. Recuerda que puedes ayudarnos a seguir haciendo el podcast posible aquí.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Local Knowledge, DVR with Vassegh. Chargers center Tyler Biadasz joins the guys from The Bolt in El Segundo.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Programa 9/6/26: Hablamos de la polémica en Colombia por el uso de la camiseta de la selección nacional en mítines políticos. Le preguntamos a aficionados qué piensan sobre el precio de los boletos para el Mundial FIFA 2026. Y conversamos con Charlyn Corral, una de las estrellas de la selección femenil de México.Escucha SBS Spanish / Australia en español:Por radio o Internet 7 días a la semana de 1:00 a 2:pm (AEST)Escucha también por Apple Podcasts, Spotify y YouTubeExplora nuestra extensa colección de podcasts haciendo clic aquíSíguenos en Facebook e Instagram.

Los astrónomos han descubierto algo increíble: una "segunda luna" oculta que orbita la Tierra y que nos ha estado siguiendo silenciosamente por el espacio. No es un verdadero gemelo, sino un extraño compañero conocido como cuasisatélite. En este video, desvelaremos qué es, cómo fue descubierto y qué lo hace tan misterioso. ¿Podría este viajero cósmico revelar nuevos secretos sobre el pasado de nuestro planeta? Exploremos al vecino secreto de la Tierra y la ciencia detrás de este asombroso descubrimiento. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Conviértete en un supporter de este podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/el-mananero-radio--3086101/support.

For nearly 15 years, the Thrivecast has been one of the most honest voices in the accounting profession about what it actually takes to build and lead a firm. In one of our final episodes, Jason sits down with Grant Niman, founder of Niman & Associates in El Segundo, California — a 45-person firm serving high-net-worth clients, family offices, and the entertainment industry through tax, business management, and estate and trust work. Grant started the firm in 2008 after decades in the profession, including time at major regional firms and PricewaterhouseCoopers. But when Thriveal came into the picture — discovered by his daughter Lauren, who now serves as the firm's project manager — Grant was running a 45-person firm the way you run an eight-person firm. Sleepless nights, hands in every barrel, and a head about to explode. What followed was a multi-year transformation that Grant describes as both uncomfortable and undeniable. Installing an accountability chart, deploying project management, stepping out of manager meetings, and allowing leaders to grow into the spaces he vacated — none of it came easy. Grant admits he pushed back, felt sidelined, and sometimes just wanted to move faster than the work would allow. But the results speak for themselves: their most successful tax season in years, a team that operates as a team, and a firm that kept humming while Grant took three weeks in Southeast Asia with a 16-hour time difference. This conversation is a rare window into what real firm transformation looks like over time — not a highlight reel, but the full arc. Grant shares what it means to be a heartfelt leader who had to learn to get out of his own way, why he's building for succession rather than sale, and why, 43 years into the profession, the journey is still very much going up.

The future of war has been evolving before our eyes in Ukraine, yet the west still plans to fight the last war. In this special episode, guest host Noah Smith (@noahpinion) and Brandon Anderson sit down with Yaroslav Azhnyuk (@YaroslavAzhnyuk), a serial tech founder who went from building PetCube to founding The Fourth Law, one of the world's most advanced AI-guided drone companies. Over two hours we cover the technology, tactics, and geopolitics of drone warfare, and why the modern battlefield has already left the West behind:* Yaroslav's personal history and the Ukraine war [00:01:04 – 00:14:01]* The modern drone tech stack: why FPV drones are the new god of war, the future of the rifleman, fiber optic vs. AI, five levels of autonomy, and the eight dimensions of the autonomous battlefield [00:14:01 – 01:05:13]* The geopolitics and economics of drones: China's manufacturing advantage, the drone race, Western defense readiness, countermeasures, and why the gap is widening [01:05:13 – 01:58:57]For those looking for Noah Smith's commentary, it really gets going around the 00:51:31 mark.Yaroslav Azhnyuk / The Fourth Law:* X: https://x.com/YaroslavAzhnyuk* LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/yaroslavazhnyuk/* The Fourth Law: https://thefourthlaw.aiNoah Smith:* Substack: Noah Smith * X: https://x.com/noahpinionTimestamps00:00:00 Cold Open: China's 4 Billion Drones and the Cameras-to-Explosives Pipeline00:01:04 Introduction: Brandon, Noah Smith, and Yaroslav Azhnyuk00:05:41 From Tech Entrepreneur to Defense: PetCube, Brave One, and the D3 Fund00:10:42 The Ethics of Building Weapons: Dual-Use Technology and the Wolf at the Door00:14:01 The Tech Stack: Cameras, Autonomy Modules, Interceptors, and a Semiconductor Fab00:18:47 Fiber Optic vs. AI: The Radio Horizon Problem and $32/km Cable00:25:32 FPV Drones: The New God of War — 70–80% of Frontline Casualties00:28:28 The Five Levels of Drone Autonomy: From Terminal Guidance to Full Autonomy00:41:37 The Eight Dimensions of the Autonomous Battlefield00:45:32 AI Safety and the Morality of Autonomous Weapons00:51:31 The End of the Rifleman? Noah's 2013 Prediction vs. Battlefield Reality01:05:13 China's Manufacturing Advantage and Western Vulnerabilities01:24:21 Policy Advice for Western Defense: Defense Valley and the Widening Gap01:32:54 The Drone Race: Who's Ahead, Category by Category01:41:57 Countermeasures: Shotguns, Jammers, Lasers, and Fishnets01:58:19 The Wedding and Final Takeaway: Be Prepared for WarTranscriptCold Open: China, FPV Drones, and the New Warning SignYaroslav [00:00:00]: Think about this. Last year, Ukraine produced 4 million FPV drones. Ukraine is not the most industrious nation in the world. China can produce 4 billion of these FPV drones.Noah [00:00:10]: Would you say that right now China is now the supreme conventional military power on Earth, given its ability to manufacture and deploy drones in the quantity and quality that you just described?Yaroslav [00:00:20]: I don't think we have all the information to claim that but we cannot count it out, and that alone should be a big warning sign. As I say, at some point in my life I went from making cameras that fling treats to pets to cameras that fling explosives to the occupiers. So that's the short story. And when you think about what your nation, what your patriots are going through, you realize that's the only morally right thing to do is to fight back, and it is immoral not to fight back, and then the choice becomes very clear.Introduction: Yaroslav Azhnyuk, Petcube, and the Last Flight into KyivBrandon [00:01:04]: Welcome to Latent Space. I'm Brandon. I normally do science podcasts, but today we're going to do something a little bit different. I'm joined by Noah Smith of Noahpinion on Substack and Twitter. And he has lots of interesting things to say about drones. And as a guest, we have Yaroslav Azhnyuk, founder of The Fourth Law and several other, drone-related startups. To get started, it is February 23rd, 2022. You are running a pet startup. You're connecting pets with their owners. Let's go in just a little bit of background. How did you get started in tech, and what were you working on before the Ukrainian war started?Yaroslav [00:01:50]: Good to be here. Thank you. On February 23rd, late in the evening, 11:00 PM Kyiv time, my wife and I landed in Kyiv. Actually, then she was a fiance. We came from Lviv, where we were looking at a church, where our wedding should have taken place. And we got into this cab ride from the airport to our home, and the driver was like, “You crazy. Like, everyone's leaving Kyiv. Why do you come?” We're like, “What? Nothing's going to happen. Dude, chill.” And then obviously, eight minutes later, or eight hours later, the bombs fell in the city. It was quite surreal. We probably landed on the last flight that landed in Kyiv, or one of those last flights. My background, I'm a tech guy. Studied applied mathematics in Kyiv Polytechnics, born and raised in Kyiv. My parents are old PhDs from academia, and grandparents too. Like, everything, from linguistics to nuclear physics. And I'm an entrepreneur, so I've built a bunch of companies. Petcube is the one you were referencing. So I lived in San Francisco 2014 to 2020, building Petcube, which is one of the leading, pet device companies in the world, selling lots of pet cameras. And then, yeah, as I say, at some point in my life I went from making cameras that fling treats to pets to cameras that fling explosives to the occupiers. So that's the short story.February 24th: Leaving Kyiv as the Invasion BeginsNoah [00:03:28]: February 24th, I guess a few hours after you, go to check out your wedding chapel, what do you do?Yaroslav [00:03:37]: We had a plan for this situation. So my parents and family live in Kyiv, and we're like, “Okay, this has actually started. The worst has, come true.” And so we basically packed our belongings and got in the car and spent 17 hours driving west. And that was pretty sure most people in our audience watched at least one apocalyptic movie in their life, so that was exactly like that. Like, felt exactly like that. Missiles are falling. Like, there was smoke in Kyiv. Like, my dad and I went, like, to central part of the cities. It's probably, likeYaroslav [00:04:20]: 800 meters from presidential office, to pick some stuff up at his workplace. Because he's, like, the head of an academic institution, so he had to get some of the things with him. And super surreal. Like, the streets are empty. Like, the gas stations are out of gas. Like, we found some gas station. We didn't have, like, spare canisters with us, so we're like, We figured out, like, the car was diesel, so like, we figured out, if it's diesel, you can actually store it in plastic, canisters, and we bought some window wash for the cars. We poured it out of the canisters, and we poured the diesel into that. Yeah, so it was like that. And then, like, helping friends get out, like my friend and his dog. Like, we found Like, my brother was also, like, riding in a separate car. We found a place for my friend who didn't have a car. It was like, yeah, it was like, totally surreal. And we didn't know of course, and you didn't know this will last for so long. You didn't know whether Ukraine will be able to defend Kyiv. And it was like, yeah, very little information and very little insight into future.From Pet Cameras to Defense Tech: Building for Ukraine and the Free WorldNoah [00:05:42]: What are your thoughts with regards to how do you, defend, Ukraine? So you eventually start building drones Like, what is the process to get from there from where you were building, devices that connect owners with pets to building drones, and what other things did you do to help the war effort in the process?Yaroslav [00:06:07]: It's definitely non-trivial, right? Like, I didn't go, to I didn't get any, like, military education when I was a student. Like, normally, in Ukraine, you would, you would go to like, this military school even if you're getting higher education in any other, sphere. I decided to skip that which is like, an unusual way to go. And I never thought that I will be somehow engaged in a war effort. Like, what is war? Of course, wars are over. It's the end of history. So one thing you got to understand about, like, many Ukrainians and like, I guess, it's also true about most of the people I met here in the US, that your who you are in terms of your nationality is a big part of your identity. So when that gets under attack, it's something deeper than just the country you live in gets under attack, right? And I Day one, I figured I'm going to I'm going to fight back with everything I can, right? But I didn't think on day one that I'm actually going to do, weapons. And a bunch of things. We were reaching out to a number of American, congresspeople and senators, and basically advocating for support of Ukraine, for voting for lend lease, which has happened in May 2022, but didn't actually work as expected. We helped start, Brave One, which is now a very important defense innovation cluster, sort of like a DIU here in the US. We helped start, a fund called D3. It's like, it was started or co-started by Eric Schmidt, former CEO of Google. So a bunch of these odd things, but then eventually I was like, “Okay,”by 2023 it was obvious this thing, A is going to last a lot more time, and B, that the whole world is shifting and that there's going to be a new arms race, that the warfare is redefined by drones as platforms. And for the first time in history, you have a platform that is software defined, that can increase your battlefield capabilities, in a in a step change just overnight. So it's like if you were able to push a software update and get all of your Roman legionnaires a new helmet? That has never been possible before. It's the first time in the history of war this is possible. So all of that and many other things like, supply chain fragilization, and the impact that AI is going to have on all of this all these things have become evident to me in 2023, and it's like, “Okay, I should do what I do best, or what I know how to do best, start a tech company, and sort of leverage the global techno capitalist machine, to provide, defensibility to Ukraine and the free world.” So that's literally the mission of the company, increase defensibility of Ukraine and the free world. And then there was some sort of soul-searching and like, asking yourself. It's like, “Okay, am I Actually, I know nothing about weapons. Am I actually, like, ready to make, things that other people use to kill other bad people?”Yaroslav [00:09:36]: When you think about what your nation, what your Compatriots are going through And think about all the terror of places like Bucha, the occupied cities in the east and south, the abducted children, the raped women, all the economic damage that's being done, and the intention to destroy a whole nation, to genocide the people of Ukraine, you realize that's the only morally right thing to do is to fight back, and it is immoral not to fight back. And then the choice becomes very clear. And look, we're just passing the ammunition. We're not doing the actual job. The actual fighters and defenders and heroes are people in the armed forces. We're just support.The Moral Question: Weapons, Responsibility, and Fighting BackNoah [00:10:33]: I have so many questions. Actually, I know you seem to have a question. Do you want to ask anything?Yaroslav [00:10:38]: No, I'm just listening. Go ahead.Noah [00:10:40]: I do want to talk about, some of let's say, the moral issues, like you just said. You endYaroslav [00:10:50]: I think there are no issues there.Yaroslav [00:10:52]: What would an example of a moral question be in this case?Noah [00:10:55]: No, I mean Okay. As you just said, you are creating the tools, but others are using them.Noah [00:11:05]: I was maybe thinking of having this conversation later, but one of the questions is like, is it actually you are going to be building them for your homeland, which you are building it for your homeland, which is I think, very a strong morally defensible position, but this technology is not going to stay with you, right?Noah [00:11:26]: This you will probably be selling these to other people Yeah. So the future is really where the moral issues may come into playYaroslav [00:11:38]: The this question becomes, easier and more complete if we ask this not about a particular technology or particular weapon, if we think that this question actually applies to any kind of technology Right? So -Knife or fire. You can use knife to do surgery and save people's lives, or you can use it as a weapon to take people's lives.Noah [00:12:06]: Cut tomatoes, too.Yaroslav [00:12:08]: Cut tomatoes too.Noah [00:12:09]: Yes, knife.Yaroslav [00:12:09]: That's helpful.Noah [00:12:10]: In Japan, sword and knife, they, call the same word.Yaroslav [00:12:14]: It's like, it's with any technology. Large language models, right? Look at how powerful they are and yet they're available to anyone in North Korea or in Russia.Yaroslav [00:12:29]: That's one side of the argument. The other side is As a maker, what is your responsibility for how the tools you're creating, will be used? There's definitely some responsibility, right? Then How should the decision process look like? Should you, like, try to calculate all the possible scenarios before starting to work on something? Or do you create something that is needed now to save people's lives, and then think about, addressing the unwanted edge cases later? In ideal world where there's like, or okay, it's not ideal world. In a mythical world where there is some one governing party and it gets to decide everything, and there is no other country, that can, decide on their own, you could say, “Well, we need to calculate for all the consequences, and only then, maybe build this building, by replacing this park because, maybe we need this park in the city,”right? So that kind of situation. But when you're in a situation where you're in a forest, in front of a wolf, you first going to deal with the wolf that wants to eat you, and then you're going to go consult Greenpeace. So that's kind of situation that Ukraine is in.The Fourth Law, Odd Systems, and Ukraine's Drone StackNoah [00:13:59]: Enough. Because this is a tech podcast, I did want to spend some time talking about, sort of the tech in that you've developed and what you've been working on. So can you explain, I guess, first of all, like, the problem that you were trying to solve from a technical standpoint? And I think, and then maybe, like, go into some of the solutions and some of the design process that led you from designing, little laser-guided, guiding lasers with a with an iPhone versus Having drones.Yaroslav [00:14:34]: Like, it so happened, that my partners and I, we sort of So I started one company called The Fourth Law, and its goal was and is to Make, massively scalable on-drone autonomy. And then In parallel with that together with my, Petcube co-founders, partners, and friends, we started another company called Odd Systems Which, was focused on making thermal cameras. Cameras, thermal cameras are seeing thermal radiation and are used to see at night. And we're now sort of those companies are getting closer and closer together and we're probably going to merge them. And this group of companies is currently the leading, team in on-drone AI and thermal imaging on the Ukrainian battlefield, and Likely one of the leading, if not the leading in the world. So We have these, like, three sort of business units, which are cameras, drone autonomy, and drones. So the cameras and drone autonomy sell daytime and nighttime cameras and different types of drone autonomous modules to other drone manufacturers, over 200 drone manufacturers in Ukraine. And then the UAV, business unit sells the drones themselves to the armed forces of Ukraine, Ukrainian government. And there are different types of drones. Those are sort of front strike, as we call them, so those are sort of FPV strike drones and the bombers, and then interceptors. And there are different kinds of interceptors. We do Shahed interceptors and we do ISR interceptors. We don't do the deep strike-FPV Drones, Interceptors, and Battery-Powered WarfareNoah [00:16:32]: What's an ISR interceptor?Yaroslav [00:16:33]: ISR is stands for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and those are basically drones which are which, Russians are using to watch over positions and then communicate where, the targets are coming.Noah [00:16:48]: It's a reconnaissance.Yaroslav [00:16:48]: That's, the ISR is sort of a classical term for a for a reconnaissance drone.Noah [00:16:53]: Are all of these battery-powered drones that you just described? ‘Cause I know that the sort of deep strike drones still have, like Some sort ofYaroslav [00:17:01]: Internal combustion engine?Noah [00:17:02]: Internal combustion engine. Are all the things you're talking about battery-powered?Yaroslav [00:17:06]: What we're working on is all battery-powered, right? We don't do the deep strikes, right? And then in terms of autonomy-Noah [00:17:12]: You can catch a Shahed with a battery-powered thing. It's not Fast to catch.Yaroslav [00:17:17]: No, absolutely. Look, Shahed interceptor, like ours, it's called Zero, it goes up to 326 kilometers per hour.Noah [00:17:26]: For reference, how fast is a Shahed?Yaroslav [00:17:28]: Eight, like, in internal phase it could be 280, but in cruise phase it's, like, 220-ish.Yaroslav [00:17:36]: Yeah. And sorry, I'm not like you can convert that into miles if you're interested.Noah [00:17:41]: No, that's fine.Noah [00:17:41]: Multiply by two thirds or point six or something.Yaroslav [00:17:44]: That's easy. Yeah, I was saying that for autonomy modules, right, we, -We make systems, autonomous systems for frontline, for interceptors and some for deep strikes as well, and then different levels of autonomy. So from terminal guidance, which is like lasts 500 meters, give or take, to autonomous bombing, to autonomous target detection, to autonomous navigation and all of that across day and night, different terrains, different time of the year, different platforms like quadcopters and fixed wing, and maybe some other platforms. So it's quite a wide variety of products. We also have like our own simulation. We have our own training school for the war fighters. And we're about to start construction of two, semiconductor plants to make, sensors for thermal cameras. So that's super exciting for me as a computer science guy is Doing semiconductors. Super cool.Noah [00:18:49]: Like in terms of kind of core drone technologies, you basically are one is an FPV replacement without fiber optics, and the other isYaroslav [00:18:59]: YouNoah [00:18:59]: Signal tracking with interceptorsYaroslav [00:19:00]: With or without fiber optics. Fiber optics Is just like, sort of a communication module.Yaroslav [00:19:05]: You can, you can use classical analog, video link and radio link. Those would be two separate radios. You can do digital, or you can do fiber optic, and then fiber optic Has its own advantages but also adds weight and decreases, the distance and decreases, how fast you can, sort of turn and With a drone. Yeah.Noah [00:19:33]: Do you need AI for fiber optic drones?Yaroslav [00:19:36]: Like you can use AI for fiber optic drones. AI replaces a human, right? Fiber optic is making your communication link more resilient. So those are slightly different goals. Like if you want, you can have, AI controlling hundreds of fiber optic drones instead of having 100 operators for each.Fiber Optics, Radio Horizons, and Terminal GuidanceNoah [00:20:03]: I guess I thought that the key reason that people moved to fiber optic drones was for like electronic, countermeasures. Or I guess to counter those.Yaroslav [00:20:13]: I think that's a correct assessment from sort of a public awareness standpoint. In practice it's somewhat more difficult Because besides electronic countermeasures, you have these issues of a radio horizon For FPV drones, which means that asYaroslav [00:20:36]: I believe Earth is round Some people disagree. But basically if you fly a drone and you have a land station over here and a drone flying over hereYaroslav [00:20:49]: If your drone is flying high, you have good direct radio visibility. If your drone goes low, and usually, Russian infantry and vehicles, they're on the ground and you want to hit them, you need to go low. Lower you go, maybe you'll get behind a hill or behind a forest, and if you're far enough, you'll just get behind the curvature of the earth. You get into what's called a radio shadow. And then That is a real bummer because for the last, be it 60 or 20 meters, you won't be able to see anything and it will be very difficult to hit the target. So to counter that what-- And then the distances that these FPV drones, act on they're, they can be quite large. So for example, here in the US there was this drone dominance program competition, and in drone dominance the furthest distance was about 10 kilometers.Noah [00:21:44]: What was drone dominance? What was that competition?Yaroslav [00:21:47]: Drone, the drone dominance is a is a program started, by the US government, to accelerate the development of drone technology here in the US.Noah [00:21:57]: Got it. And the longest range thing they were using was 10 kilometers.Yaroslav [00:22:00]: Was 10 kilometers, right. In Ukraine, like if your drone doesn't fly at least 20, 25, it just, no one's interested in it, and the usual hits are happening. It was like, okay, many hits are happening between 30 and 40 kilometers, and that's what expected from a regular 10-inch, FPV drone. So at that distance, even at altitudes of like 60 to 100 meters, you might start losing, the link. So some of the earlier AI technology that was fielded in FPV drone was this terminal guidance technology. That was the first product that we ever, launched that helped you as an operator, once you see the target from two, three, 500 meters, you lock onto the target and then, it just, drives the drone towards the target no matter what, even after you lost the visual connection. So optic fiber solves that. However, if you want to go like 20 kilometers with optic fiber, that will add an extra three kilos, of useful weight to your drone. SoNoah [00:23:12]: ‘Cause the cable that you have to unspool as you go weighs.Noah [00:23:15]: It is heavy.Yaroslav [00:23:15]: At first, like the spool is about 800 grams, so a bit less than a kilo, and then, and then think about 10, 10 kilometer optic fiber is another kilo, something like that. That takes away from your useful mass and then now you have like, you need a 15-inch drone and it can only carry maybe one or two kilos of explosives if you want to go, 20 kilometers. If you want to go to 30 or 40, like 30 is probably max. 40 is like very problem problematic on optic fiber. And then the problem with optic fiber is it's actually getting super expensive. So and why? Because of all the data centers for AI. That's literally the same optic fiber-Noah [00:24:01]: We're running out of centersYaroslav [00:24:02]: That's being used there.Yaroslav [00:24:02]: Like when Ukrainians and Russians come to Chinese factories to buy the optic fiber, they're like, “We're out. We sold it out to the Americans.”? That's the craziest thing. So optic fiber went up in price from like, $4 per, kilometer to like, $32 per kilometer in a few months in the beginning of this year. And I'veBrandon [00:24:26]: Claude Code is stopping the Russian drone effort here.Yaroslav [00:24:30]: Ukrainian as well. Yeah.Brandon [00:24:31]: Ukrainian. But I read somewhere that the Russians had grown more dependent on fiber optic drones relative to the Ukrainians, and that's one reason why the Ukrainians have sort of regained the initiative in drones recently.Brandon [00:24:42]: How accurate's that?Yaroslav [00:24:43]: The Russians were the first ones to scale that. I think by as of now, Ukraine has caught up. I think, like, as of maybe three months ago, Ukraine is mostly caught up on fiber optic. Yeah.Brandon [00:24:57]: What percent of damage would you say is in terms of FPV drone damage would you say is now fiber optic versus, like autonomous?FPVs as the New God of War: Tanks, Artillery, and Cost per KillYaroslav [00:25:07]: For our, for our audience, I actually, I cannot answer that question. Like, it's like I know the answer, but I would not disclose that. But for our audience, I think another interesting fact is out of all the casualties on the front line Between 70 and 80% are done by FPV drones.Brandon [00:25:30]: FPV drones are the new weapon of universal weapon of warfare.Yaroslav [00:25:34]: It'sBrandon [00:25:35]: Land warfare, anywayYaroslav [00:25:35]: They used to say that artillery is a god of war because artillery used to cause, like 80% of casualties, and now On that ranking-Brandon [00:25:46]: FPVYaroslav [00:25:47]: FPV drones rule.Brandon [00:25:48]: FPV drones are the god of war.Yaroslav [00:25:51]: Sort of. Dethroned artillery. But it's not to say that artillery is not useful, is not needed. Like, all of these systems are needed. Maybe except cavalry, although Russians still use it. I know, have you seen the videos of Russians using mules and horses?Brandon [00:26:09]: What is the usefulness-Yaroslav [00:26:10]: It'Brandon [00:26:10]: Of a tank in the in the modern-Yaroslav [00:26:11]: That's where we need Greenpeace to say a word, but they're silent. Yeah.Brandon [00:26:15]: What's the use of a tank on the modern battlefield?Yaroslav [00:26:21]: It's diminishing.Brandon [00:26:22]: Diminishing.Yaroslav [00:26:22]: However, I think there might be technologies which will, revive the tank. Look, tank still provides you armor, and armor is important. Like, you still need to armor and firepower, right? Like, you can be an armor personal carrier that provides you, armor. The challenge that currently exists is armor is not very well protected against incoming drones. However, there are ways to do to protect it. We were previously talking about this before the podcast. The CEO of Rheinmetall, recently sort of ridiculed, Ukrainian drone industry, saying that like, there is nothing interesting there, no real innovation, no to stand Compared to like, Rheinmetall or Boeing, and it's all made by housewives. There was like, obviously a ton of memes about this people ridiculing the CEO of Rheinmetall. And one of the best quotes, I heard on this topic is from my friend, Alexey Babenko, who's, the head of and founder of VIARI Drone, which is one of the largest manufacturers of FPV drones. They're our partner. They're using our autonomy. So he said that the drones we manufacture in one day will be more than enough to destroy all the tanks Rheinmetall manufactures in a year.Yaroslav [00:27:52]: Then, yeah, cost-wise, of course, a drone is like, $500 and a Rheinmetall tank is what, probably 5 million-ish or maybe more.Brandon [00:28:00]: Don't mess with those housewives.Yaroslav [00:28:03]: Drone wives.Brandon [00:28:04]: Drone wives.Yaroslav [00:28:06]: That's it.Noah [00:28:06]: There's a classic saying that everyone always fights the last war.Noah [00:28:12]: Yet do How did So from your standpoint, how did we get to the point where tanks became irrelevant in at least for now In a matter of just a few years?Yaroslav [00:28:24]: Look, I think it's the same way, how do we get to the point that calculators become irrelevant?Yaroslav [00:28:31]: Now we have iPhones. Like, why would you need a calculator? Technology progresses and its influence grows non-linearly. It's all exponential. So I can tell you that full autonomy, when you put it on a drone Look, so if you, if you think about a tank and a like, it's not a direct comparison, but even, like, a drone and a artillery shell or like, sort of cost per kill, an artillery shell for 155 caliber, which is a standard NATO caliber Currently market price is about $4,000 per piece. So compare that to say, $400 per drone. That's 10 times more expensive. Account for the amortization of the artillery gun and for how vulnerable it is and what is the sort of tactical, capabilities it gives you as compared to a drone. You'll figure out that an FPV drone is maybe three orders of magnitude, more versatile, more useful, more capable than artillery and many of than a classic artillery. Many of Because there are different types of artillery. Not just, like, one 155. You have mortars, you have all that. But give or take, roughly three orders of magnitude maybe. Again, it doesn't have that firepower. It's not one-to-one comparison still.Yaroslav [00:29:53]: Now, take that FPV drone. When you put full autonomy on that FPV drone, which can be not very expensive, like systems that we're, producing are like, in hundreds of dollars of pure bombFull Autonomy: From Human Pilots to Smartphone-Directed Drone MissionsNoah [00:30:06]: Just interrupt. You said full autonomy Just a second ago you were saying that the autonomy here is guidance, right? It's not decision-making.Yaroslav [00:30:14]: No, I was I was saying that's the f-First and sort of easiest pieces of autonomy that was fielded by us. But if you, if you add full autonomy to a droneBrandon [00:30:24]: He, I think he's asking what does it can you, for the listeners, can you explain What the term full autonomy means?Yaroslav [00:30:29]: Basically, I think a good way to think about an FPV drone is like an iPhone of warfare. It's, like, very inexpensive, very mass producible, very versatile. You don't need a bunch of other things when you have a iPhone in your pocket. You don't have, need an MP3 player, you don't need a calculator, don't need other things. All right? So FPV drone is an iPhone. Or like, okay, Apple please don't sue me, is a smartphone. And then, when you add autonomy to it sort of becomes like Uber or ride sharing. Okay? So what it means is instead of actually being a trained pilot who has this complex remote controller device which requires a couple months of training to actually pilot the drone, and then having to pilot it for 30 minutes, flying towards the target, et cetera, et cetera, now you basically, you have your smartphone, you have a drone, you pick your smartphone, you say, “We are here. The bad guys are here. Go and get them.” And the drone goes up, flies in a given direction, localizes itself on the map, finds the dedicated area where they, the bad guys are supposed to be sees the bad guys, bombs them, return, like, watches, so does a damage assessment, returns back, sits down, and then you can pick it up and watch the video if you didn't have the radio link, right?Noah [00:31:59]: That's a bomber drone.Yaroslav [00:32:00]: That's full autonomy for a bomber drone, right?Noah [00:32:03]: You're saying that no human decision is made in this entire process?Brandon [00:32:06]: That's not, that's not what he's saying.Yaroslav [00:32:07]: A human decision was made at the beginning of the process-Noah [00:32:09]: I get it. I get itYaroslav [00:32:09]: The same way as you would fire an artillery.Yaroslav [00:32:12]: When you fire an artillery, you don't stop at like, 500 meters away from a target and ask it whether, you want to strike or not. That's exactly, a human decision is always made at some point. So when you do that's full autonomy, and such full autonomy is happening as we speak. And such full autonomy increases the capabilities of an FPV drone, which is already, like, three orders more powerful than an artillery shell. Full autonomy increases its capabilities by four orders of magnitude because now you can have 100 times as many people who can use it, because you don't need to train those people, and this is important. You can have 10 times, mission success rate, and you can have 10 times utility per drone because now instead of being one-way kamikaze, it's, it can be a bomber.Brandon [00:33:05]: Now wait, let's, you said 10 times mission success rate, which means that fully autonomous bomber drones succeed in their missions 10 times more often than human piloted bomber drones do. That's an important thing to know.Noah [00:33:17]: Maybe, to push back onBrandon [00:33:19]: They're super, they're superhuman. They're, they' 10X superhuman.Yaroslav [00:33:22]: They're not vulnerable to electronic warfare. They don't care about the radio horizon. They don't lose track during navigation. They are not susceptible to human error when, an artillery shell or other drone blows up besides you and you're like, “Hell no,”like, “I'm getting out of here.” Right? That doesn't happen to an autonomous drone. Like, all of those things. Like, we have, like, one of the brigades that's using our drones with just first level autonomy They literally said that their success rates-Brandon [00:33:53]: What's first level autonomy?Yaroslav [00:33:54]: First level autonomy is just the terminal guidance.Yaroslav [00:33:57]: By the way, we have video of that. We can watch that.Brandon [00:33:59]: Terminal guidance means a human gets it nearby and then the AI takes over.Yaroslav [00:34:03]: The human flies it all the way, like 30 kilometers towards the target, and obviously the target was probably given to that human by someone who's flying some ISR drone, some reconnaissance drone, right? So all the way to the target, and once you see the target from a distance of 500 meters, you do target lock, and from there drone flies autonomous. So just that feature alone, it has increased the guy's, his call sign is Grom, so it has increased his, mission success rate, like precision of mission, yeah, mission success rate from 20% to 71%, and it also increased his kill zone from three kilometers to 10 kilometers, which means there's certain area around the front line which is designated kill zone. Whenever enemy goes into that area, it's almost guaranteed to be to be destroyed by a drone. And then obviously the drones are not launched from like, the zero line. They're usually launched from like, minus 10 kilometer-Mission Success, Failure Modes, and the Five Levels of AutonomyBrandon [00:35:03]: What is a zero line?Yaroslav [00:35:05]: Zero line is sort of an imaginary line of control, of two conflicting forces.Brandon [00:35:14]: It's important to explain these things to a lot of the listeners who areYaroslav [00:35:17]: Thank you for askingBrandon [00:35:18]: Familiar with warfare.Noah [00:35:20]: Myself.Noah [00:35:20]: I'm one of those listeners.Brandon [00:35:20]: You said that level one autonomy, in other words just terminal guidance, just, like, human gets it to the finish line and then it goes over the finish line, increases mission success from 20 something percent to 71%, or something like that.Yaroslav [00:35:33]: Increases the kill zoneBrandon [00:35:34]: Increases the kill zoneYaroslav [00:35:34]: Three kilometers to 10 kilometers.Brandon [00:35:36]: Got it.Yaroslav [00:35:36]: On both parameters-Brandon [00:35:37]: What is full autonomy, dude? AndNoah [00:35:38]: Actually on real quick, can we define mission success and like, maybe in a way, what are the failure modes of missions?Brandon [00:35:44]: I have a guess what mission success is.Noah [00:35:46]: But I couldBrandon [00:35:47]: Get ‘em.Yaroslav [00:35:49]: No, but that's a very good question, in fact, because, even if you fly into the target, well, first the target can be damaged or destroyed. Those are two different modes. Then there can be different targets. A sole infantryman is one kind of target. A dugout where supposed there are some, enemies there is another kind of target, and a some mechanical equipment is another type of target. Radio emitting equipment, which, like, often, like, the targets that the military want to get more than anything else is the some enemy radio tower or something like that or some small radio dish that really makes life difficult in that area, in that combat area. So those are different targets, right? It can be destroyed, can be damaged.Then sometimes, the drone hits but doesn't explode. Like, that happens. And then, there are other failure modes. You didn't even reach the target because you were A jammed by electronic warfare; B, you lost the control over drone because of the radio horizon; C, you were jammed by a different type of electronic warfare that happens way before You hit the target area. It's, impacting your, video receiver. So like jamming on video or jamming on control are two different types of jamming. Then something malfunctioned on a drone, just a mechanical malfunction, maybe like a motor broke or like, whatever. So all of those are different failure modes. Yeah, or maybe you got lost, you're navigate navigating to your, to your target. That happens, too.Noah [00:37:41]: The Level one autonomy, basically you manage to point in a direction.Noah [00:37:49]: You go there, and then the last mile The drone taking over.Yaroslav [00:37:52]: We define this like, I define that but it sort of got picked up by the industry. We define five levels of autonomy. So level one is terminal guidance. It's what we just discussed. Level two is bombing. Level three is autonomous target detection and engagement decision. Level four is autonomous navigation. And level five is autonomous takeoff and landing.Noah [00:38:15]: Those are good things to knowYaroslav [00:38:16]: Those are five levels of autonomy. Now, if youNoah [00:38:19]: I have a question for you.Yaroslav [00:38:19]: Sorry. Like, let me finish withNoah [00:38:21]: SorryYaroslav [00:38:21]: Theoretical part.Noah [00:38:23]: What is Tesla running at right now?Yaroslav [00:38:25]: Tesla?Noah [00:38:25]: No, sorry.Yaroslav [00:38:26]: That's very good point. Like, it's exactly, it was inspired by the levels of self-driving autonomy.Noah [00:38:32]: Waymo's level five, right?Noah [00:38:35]: You just tell it where you want to go, it picks you up, and then you go there.Yaroslav [00:38:36]: I think, like, if you, if you look at the classic definitions of self-driving cars, Waymo is still, like, level four because it still requires even remote, but still, like, human control. It's like if Waymo gets in trouble, there is an operator who takes over and resolves this. So that would still be a level four. It doesn't map directly, but it's also five levels.Brandon [00:38:58]: Can I, can I interject a question here? In terms of an FPV drone that's like a suicide drone that'll just blow itself up killing something, how do what it hit? Like, does it, just transmit back, or do you sort of like, lose track of it and hope it hit? Like, what happens to that?Yaroslav [00:39:16]: That's a great question. SoBrandon [00:39:18]: You need another droneYaroslav [00:39:19]: Like, the current battlefield in Ukraine is saturated with different types of drones. So obviously you have all the FPV drones and last year alone, Ukraine manufactured about 4 million of these, and then Russia's maybe, like, 20% less than that. And for this year, the publicly voiced target was 7 million on Ukrainian side. So it's, like, serious numbers. We're getting in serious numbers here. And then besides those, there are different, reconnaissance drones, ISR as we call them, and there are sort of tactical level ISR where we, both Ukrainians and Russians usually use, Mavic, drone by DJI. And then there are a bunch of locally produced drones, which are sort of fixed wing drones that can stay in the air for much longer than Mavic, maybe, like, half an hour. And then, there are drones that can stay for many hours or even up to a day. And those drones have, are more expensive, have more expensive cameras, et cetera, et cetera. We hunt those drones that Russians launch. The Russians hunt our drones, and so on. But ideally, when you, are a group of soldiers operating an FPV, you'll have someone in your, company, or someone in your platoon who has an ISR asset that will do target designation for you. They'll say, “Oh, like, there's a Russian vehicle over there. Go and get him.”and you go there, you get it, and they're like, “Okay, confirmed.”Battlefield Surveillance and the Eight Dimensions of AutonomyBrandon [00:40:57]: Those guys are watching. They have their own drones in the sky.Yaroslav [00:40:59]: Target destroyed. They have, like, a carousel of drones because One Mavic cannot stay more than 30 minutes. ItBrandon [00:41:06]: They're constantly surveilling the battlefield.Yaroslav [00:41:07]: Almost every spot on the battlefield.Yaroslav [00:41:11]: It's not always the case. Sometimes you will not have a surveillance asset, so then you would launch another FPV just to confirm that there was a hit. Then if you see there was a hit and you're not sure if it completely destroyed, you maybe hit again for good measure.Brandon [00:41:26]: You double tap.Yaroslav [00:41:28]: That's how it works. But I was about to give you another sort of piece of taxonomy. So you have five levels of autonomy, right? Then you have sort of eight dimensions of autonomous battlefield. So what is eight dimensions? It's crucial to understand how autonomy evolves in a modern, battlefield environment. So dimension number one is level of autonomy. What are the capabilities that your asset has? Dimension number two is the platform you're operating on. So it can be a quadcopter, a fixed wing drone, different types of maybe, like, a long range drone or short range drone, but it can also be a missile. You can have autonomy even on an artillery shell or a ground vehicle or a sea vehicle. So all of those are different platforms. Level three would be domain. So it's ground to ground or ground to air as an intersection, or ground to sea or sea to air. They're all, like, all the nuances with different domains. Then level four, would be higher levels of autonomy, such as swarming, drone carriers, drone nests, et cetera.Brandon [00:42:39]: Now when you're saying level, you're talking about dimensions, not about-Yaroslav [00:42:42]: Sorry. YeahBrandon [00:42:43]: Autonomy levels. So dimension four.Yaroslav [00:42:43]: The dimension. Yeah, I used to say I was supposed to say dimension. I say dimension because each of them works with another, right? So you might have, like third level autonomy, fixed wing drone operating in land to air, and stuff like that right? And then operating in a swarm or operating from a nest. Right? Then you have, sort of dimension number five is environment. So is it day or night? Is it summer or winter? Is it, humid, cold, dry? What kind of target is it? Is your target hiding in a forest, or is it, behind a hill or within buildings? So all of that is environment. Then you have, dimension number six is command and control. How are you dealing with or like, tens of thousands of those assets around the battlefield? How are you coordinating that on the higher levels of command? How are you collecting data? All that.Yaroslav [00:43:44]: Dimension number seven would be infrastructure, so things like simulation, data collection tools, security, deployment mechanisms, et cetera. So all those systems have to be developed separately and integrate with all the others. And finally, dimension number eight is sort of distribution. Have you deployed 100 of these systems or 100,000 of these systems? Because those are two very different ballgames. So that now gives you a more broad overview of how autonomy propagates across the battle space.Targeting, Human Responsibility, and Rules of EngagementNoah [00:44:23]: As someone who has done machine learning and had gone out of distribution and had things, go horribly wrong, you were talking several of these, kind of axes of thinking about drone warfare seem like they could be very susceptible to some sort of distribution shift if you start making things autonomous.Yaroslav [00:44:41]: Like what?Noah [00:44:41]: I mean Well, first ofYaroslav [00:44:43]: If the I'm very interested Sort of sort of kinds of scenarios that you're thinking about.Noah [00:44:48]: Like the most obvious one is you, if I assume these are computer vision guided systems for at least the last mile, how do you ensure that oh, well, like you now have some fog roll in or something, and you, the drones just attack the wrong thing? Or maybe, it probably will not turn around and fly back and attack you, but youYaroslav [00:45:10]: Same, the same, the same question, how do you ensure that your mortar fire hits the right thing? Well, it's like mortar fire, give or take half a kilometer could be plus or minus. So maybe you fire one, and then you fire another. So drones are actually, much better in being precise in those scenarios. And I think, to your point, I think five to 10 years from now it will be immoral to use weapons without AI.Yaroslav [00:45:44]: ‘Cause weapons without AI will be more likely to cause, collateral damage or unwanted damage. Same way, it will be immoral to drive your own car manually on a public road because it's more likely to cause, unwanted damage.Noah [00:46:02]: Wow, I never considered that mightBrandon [00:46:04]: Really? That's definitely coming.Yaroslav [00:46:07]: Anyway.Brandon [00:46:07]: No, but that' I don't know, it's an obvious, an obvious thought. I agree with you.Brandon [00:46:12]: I, No, they, obviously they're not going to let you drive once most of the cars on the road are autonomous.Noah [00:46:17]: No, that one, don't I believe.Yaroslav [00:46:19]: No, I think you were you were talking about drones, right?Brandon [00:46:21]: The drones, right. Cool.Yaroslav [00:46:22]: The weapons, right?Brandon [00:46:23]: Friendly fire and collateral damage and stuff like that is all minimized with AI.Brandon [00:46:27]: Here's my question. Take all let's go to level six autonomy. Let's take all of the target selection. Let's take all the battlefield data, integrate it into one big AI, and have that big AI basically be in command of the battlefield And agentically do target selection.Yaroslav [00:46:44]: Be the general, right?Brandon [00:46:44]: It's a general. It's, you've cut humans out of the loop except maybe as dexterous robots, repairing drones and fastening things to drones or maybe something like that because you don't have those robots yet. How soon are we there? AI general.Yaroslav [00:46:58]: The most important thing to ask ourselves is who will be faster to that us or our adversaries?Brandon [00:47:07]: I assume us, but how fast will we be to that? I hope us.Yaroslav [00:47:11]: I hope so too.Brandon [00:47:12]: How fast can we Like when are we looking at that in terms of like horizons years?Yaroslav [00:47:18]: Like technically, it could be done now. The question is of course, there's, some engineering work to be done. The bigger challenge is deployment. Right? So okay, technically Like operation in Iran, right? They, the publicly, it was claimed that I think Palantir system was used for target designation, et cetera, et cetera. So it is not exactly as you say, the AI makes all the decisions, but basically AI goes through all the data you have, gives you these 1,027 different targets and says, “You-- To confirm, please press Okay.” And you look at the targets and you're like, “Yeah, sounds right. Press Okay.”so that's, I think that's where we are now already, or we were a couple weeks ago as we're recording this on April 10th. Another question is how massively deployable it is. Is it, like, every decision being made like that or is it, like, just some of the decisions made like that? And then different levels of command and control. There you have, like, the platoon, the company level, the battalion, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. But the tricky thing here when we get into that territory, the tricky thing is If your enemy is getting advantage of being Thousand times faster than yourself by deploying such systems What do you do?Yaroslav [00:49:10]: You got to-Brandon [00:49:12]: The if the enemy is a thousand times faster than you at deploying those systems?Yaroslav [00:49:16]: Like, if enemy starts deploying level six autonomy, as you call And you have not started doingBrandon [00:49:22]: You're in troubleYaroslav [00:49:23]: Yes, exactly. So you have to catch up. So my point is that it is very important to think about the safety of these systems, but that thinking should not slow you down in developing them because they are critical for your existential, survival, right? And like, one person who doesn't think, doesn't get to think about the ethics of the war is a dead person. That person surely doesn't get to think about that.Brandon [00:49:52]: What would be the safety risk of such a system?Yaroslav [00:49:55]: Of course-Brandon [00:49:56]: Friendly fire?Yaroslav [00:49:56]: Just wrong decisions, right?Brandon [00:49:59]: I see.Yaroslav [00:49:59]: Maybe, these decisions-AI Command Decisions, Dead Zones, and Complex BattlefieldsBrandon [00:50:06]: Skynet AI decides it's going to useYaroslav [00:50:08]: No, these-Brandon [00:50:08]: Drone army to kill usYaroslav [00:50:09]: Decisions will not only be made about drones. They are likely to made about what the humans should do on your side as well. Then obviously some environments are more like Ukrainian-Russian war, where you haveBrandon [00:50:26]: It will have to choose to risk lives. It will have to choose to sacrifice human lives-Yaroslav [00:50:28]: Of courseBrandon [00:50:29]: On your side.Yaroslav [00:50:29]: Of course. And then some environments are just, like, dead, like, dead zones and there are no civilians there, or virtually no civilians close to the front line because, like, super dangerous. Everyone has evacuated from there. But there are other environments which are more like, okay, there's a counterterrorist operation. There's, like, a group of terrorists or a group of civilians. Or like, it's like the recent operations in Iran, I imagine that the US and Israeli forces do not want to harm civilians. They only targeted the military targets there, right? So in those situations, it's a different level of responsibility for that decision-making as well. And then there is just such a big variety of those military missions, and I'm not even, like, well-informed or well-educated in military science to tell you about all those scenarios. We would need to put some general besides me, and maybe a Ukraine general and American general would have told you very different stories about these things.Brandon [00:51:34]: Got it. Can I ask a few more questions? All right. So in 2013, I wrote one of my first, paid articles ever was about how the era of drones will change human society. I was just sitting around bored thinking about things.Yaroslav [00:51:54]: You were way ahead of your time.Brandon [00:51:55]: I said, I said, “The following will happen.”Yaroslav [00:51:57]: It's, this article is real. I've read it.Yaroslav [00:51:58]: It's actually-Brandon [00:51:59]: I said small autonomous, suicide drones, will cleanse the battlefield of human infantry. Human infantry will not be able to stand against swarms of AI-powered, suicide drones. That was I didn't even know about, like, AlexNet at the time, I think.Yaroslav [00:52:19]: You're just an avid sci-fi reader.Brandon [00:52:23]: I'm an avid sci-fi reader, but also, like, it's not Like, there will be a way to do that. It's a it's a nonlinear multidimensional search problem, and you get enough compute, you'll find some search algorithm that will get you there. And soBrandon [00:52:38]: I, yeah, I think that one sentence describes the bitter lesson right there.Brandon [00:52:41]: It's just like it's a multidimensional search space. You search it somehow. I don't know. Figure out some get a grad student-Yaroslav [00:52:47]: Sooner or laterBrandon [00:52:47]: To make a search algorithm.Brandon [00:52:48]: It's not that hard. Anyway, so but then, but I guess the point is The point is that human infantry on the battlefield will be will be gone at the end. I wrote that in 2013. Many people on social media laughed at me for that called me hysterical, said things like, “Electronic warfare will knock all the drones out of the sky.”like, “You need humans to hold ground.”that's something you still hear from a lot of people on social media today. I feel that this article that I've written has never been directionally wrong. It has gotten more and more right steadily over time, and that we're very reading the battlefield reports from Ukraine, where, human infantry are basically guy, like a few guys hiding in dugouts for months, and I'm not sure what they're doing.Yaroslav [00:53:35]: That's on Ukraine's side. On the Russian side, that's just like a zerg rush.Brandon [00:53:38]: The zerg rush, and then they just die. Then, but they have some guys in dugouts too, right? Like hiding in dugouts for months.Yaroslav [00:53:45]: They have. Yeah.Brandon [00:53:45]: Like, but that like, what are those guys doing in the dugouts? Are providing, like, frontline, like, reconnaissance? Like, what are they doing?Yaroslav [00:53:54]: If there is a guy in a dugout with some bullets and automatic weapon, the other guy cannot come and take the that dugout. That'Brandon [00:54:07]: I seeYaroslav [00:54:08]: They are they're establishing control over territory.Brandon [00:54:10]: I see. So that is so there still is a use for human infantry on the battlefield as of today.Yaroslav [00:54:15]: LikeBrandon [00:54:15]: How long will that last?Yaroslav [00:54:17]: I think it will last for a while. This is funny. There's this whole Layer of the modern culture, a modern Ukraine culture built around the war-related stuff. So there is this -Punk rock band, that is called SZC, I guess in English that would be. Which stands short for like a deserter or something like that. So anyhow, this band has a song titled “2030.” It's basically about the year 2030, and the war still goes on as like the whatever, third world war or whatever. And they basically, they, sang about the AI and like cyborgs and everything, but the simple infantry is still needed, and we're still, like, getting cold in those dugouts, and we're still doing our job. That's sort of the theme of the song. And it seems like that's actually what's going to happen. There areGround Robots, Simulation, and the Limits of World ModelsBrandon [00:55:30]: Ground robots will not replace humans in the dugouts soon.Yaroslav [00:55:34]: I'm very much interested in following the whole humanoid robot theme andBrandon [00:55:39]: What about like a dog robot?Noah [00:55:41]: Or just mobile controlled platforms or something.Brandon [00:55:44]: Spider robot, yeah.Brandon [00:55:45]: Everything evolves into a crab.Brandon [00:55:46]: You build a crab robot.Yaroslav [00:55:47]: A humanoid-Noah [00:55:48]: The carcinization of warfare.Yaroslav [00:55:51]: There is a lot of utility in humanoid robots because the world is designed around humanoids. So I would not, like, 100% disqualify the possibility that sometimes 10 years in the future, humanoid robots, will be actually fighting. So that's an actual Terminator kind of scenario.Brandon [00:56:14]: Yeah, in the first Terminator movie, you look at what they've got on the battlefield, they've got flying bomber drones and humanoid robots.Yaroslav [00:56:20]: Look, the cost of large language models of running them is getting so low, you can have basically an inexpensive computer running, what was a state-of-the-art model a year and a half ago, running it locally on a device with an open source model, which also means that the Chinese can have it, the Russians can have it, the North Koreans can have it, et cetera. So that is already possible. And with when we're looking at the acceleration of the neural nets, I would've, if not the acceleration of the large language models, I would've said that I don't think that humanoid robots will be able to be useful in the battlefield earlier than in 10 years. But if you account for the exponential, it might be five years or so. The problem with all of the autonomous systems, and it's like starts with self-driving cars and even with all the AI, like modern day AI agents, to make them really, useful, you have to solve such a long tail of edge cases, that it's really difficult to make them useful. Like we were promised, self-driving cars, what, like 2007, Sebastian Thrun and Google, and even before that all the challenges, everything. And Elon of course told us it's going to be one year from 2014, and now we still don't have self-driving Teslas everywhere. We have Waymos in SF and some other places, but they're still, like, not perfect. So I think, I expect something similar from self-flying drones and fully autonomous drones, and we saw that firsthand as with each level of autonomy that we're adding, there is a very wide distance between a prototype and something that is ready to be scaled to millions of units and something that has been scaled to millions of units. But the race with like AI coding tools is just insane. So things might accelerate very fast, faster than we can imagine.Noah [00:58:46]: I think your point is that with due to this long tail behavior Level one autonomy as you've defined it, is actually very natural. Like you basically are just solving an image recognition and tracking system.Yaroslav [00:59:02]: It's actually interesting that you say it that way, and I thought about this the very same way, and we have this joke that there are like 200 companies in Ukraine which are trying to solve last mile, targeting or terminal guidance. It seems like we're like the only company that actually solved that because even that problem-Noah [00:59:22]: I'm not saying it's, I'm not saying it's trivial, but it's at least something that you imagine given our current state.Yaroslav [00:59:26]: Like us and Eric Schmidt, like Eric Schmidt's companies are pretty good.Yaroslav [00:59:29]: Like, I actually have lots of respect to what they're doing, and they're, they have been practically influential and helpful on the battlefield, and they have good engineering.Noah [00:59:38]: I wasn't, I wasn't saying it's trivial. I'm just saying this is a something naturally adaptive based upon things that we know work, well. But some of the other domains that where you do have to make decisions and you have a long tail become much harder, and you worry about edge cases more.Yaroslav [00:59:57]: Like the more, the more complex behavior you're trying to simulate, the more edge cases there are right? The more ways to do it wrong there are. And then there are different approaches. It's like if you think about, if you read academic papers about robotics, right? You sort of the robot is represented as something that has the sort of sensor input, and then you have three, levels of sort of logics or decision-making, which are perception, planning, and control, and then you have actuators as output.So pre-neural nets, you would do perception output and control all with classic logics, right? Then, with AlexNet and computer vision, you could do perception with neural nets and the rest with logic. You cannot currently do each of those separately with neural nets, each of those separately with logics, or you can just have one huge neural net that just takes lots of sensory data. It's not just pixels. Could be sound, could be accelerometer, could be everything, as input, and just outputs the controls. And some of the self-driving car companies are doing that or like, experimenting between different ways of doing that. So you can also, like, think about that and the way you implement those features, also influences how much degrees of freedom the system would have, right? Like control, you can do it classical algorithmic control with common filters and PAD filter, PAD controllers, et cetera, or you can do a neural net, that was trained in a gym with a reinforcement learning, et cetera. And those would be two different behaviors of a system.Noah [01:01:53]: I-- Maybe my point was just much more high level. It'Yaroslav [01:01:56]: Or you can If you go even like, if you go high level, you can, you can like train to like have whatever, like Feifei Li and folks who are doing like physical, sortBrandon [01:02:08]: World modelsYaroslav [01:02:08]: World models, right, physical intelligence, they're trying to make these big models and sort of understand the world and then supposedly you have such model and you can tell a drone, “Okay, like, go over that hill and like, find the bad guys and then get them,”or “Make me a video, make me a photo of the guy smiling and get back to me.” Right? That's one way. Another way you have like these subsystems, like one is navigation, another is finding the person, another is like getting to them to take a photo. And those are again, very different behaviors. And then it's not that one is necessarily better than the other, and we might have more technological ability to do one or another. But all of those systems will exist. And then again, you should always keep in mind that it's only the not only the good guys that are developing these systems, the bad guys are developing these systems as well.China's Drone Supply Chain and the West's Manufacturing GapNoah [01:03:00]: I guess where I'm going with this back to Noah's original thought with the end of the end of the soldier. And so in order to replace-Brandon [01:03:10]: Or at least the end of the rifleman.Noah [01:03:11]: Or the end of the rifleman, yeah.Yaroslav [01:03:13]: I'm not seeing that very close, and it was like I'm, as much as I'm a lover of sci-fi and all of that and a technologist, the more I try to beYaroslav [01:03:27]: Like the I try to have certain humility about these things, and like the military, domain and there was just so much human history and blood and tears, dedicated to sort of understanding this art of war and perfecting it and so on. There is so much knowledge in there that I don't feel like I even started to comprehend, a lot of that. But one thing that I really understood is that even though drones are now making eighty percent of the casualties, you go to the actual officers, you talk to the actual, like, brigade commanders, corps commanders, and they explain to you, how all of it fits together, how when you're thinking about an operation that involves a couple thousand people to get this piece of land, out of the enemy's hands, deoccu deoccupy it, how it is so complex, it involves, dozens of different types of drones and then land operations and reconnaissance operations, psychological operations and then aviations and tanks and logistics and all kinds of these different assets. So modern warfare is really very complex, and the fact that the drones are the latest, coolest thing, and then the AI is latest, coolest thing, doesn't mean that now it's that and only that right? So yeah. Whoever's looking into that I think should realize that it's not just what the press talks about, that the reality is much more difficult, much more complex.Brandon [01:05:17]: Let's talk about China and China's manufacturing capabilities. So suppose that someone, like suppose the United States went to war with China. AndYaroslav [01:05:26]: I hope not.Brandon [01:05:27]: I hope not as well. And then but suppose that drones were very essential to that war of all the types of drones that we're talking about here, and that suppose that China said, “All right, well, you need X and Y and Z, to make those drones to fight us, and we control the production of X and Y and Z, so we're just going to cut you right off, and now you have no drones.”Brandon [01:05:47]: I know that a number of countries, including Ukraine and Taiwan, have been making moves to China-proof their drone productions that China couldn't do that. Examples of things they might be able to cut off might include rare earths, fiber optic cable that you were talking about before, various other things that where even if they don't control one hundred percent of the production, they control enough of the production that would be extremely expensive to produce it without relying on Chinese sources. Or the market's fragmented enough, et cetera. What do you see as China's key bottlenecks, and how easy are those to overcome in terms of China-proofing drone production in case of a war against China?Yaroslav [01:06:30]: Let me start with a saying that -Although China does not sell directly to Ukraine and it does sell directly to Russia, a lot of Ukrainian supply chains, they start in China, right?Yaroslav [01:06:49]: We're not in a conflict with China, and we would not want to be in a conflict with China. And we'd hope that China stays a neutral power between Ukraine and Russia and the US as well. That said, the scenario that you're describing, everything is much worse.Yaroslav [01:07:11]: Think about this. Last year, Ukraine produced four million FPV drones. Ukraine is not the most industrious nation in the world.Yaroslav [01:07:19]: China can produce four billion of these FPV drones.Yaroslav [01:07:23]: China can make them not drones with propellers, but fixed-wing drones, which go not forty kilometers far, but maybe two to three hundred kilometers inland.

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