Podcast appearances and mentions of Charles Lindbergh

This is a free preview of a paid episode. To hear more, visit andrewsullivan.substack.comSam is a biographer, historian, and journalist. He used to be the editor of the New York Times Book Review, a features writer for Vanity Fair, and a writer for Prospect magazine. He's currently a contributing writer for the Washington Post. His many books include The Death of Conservatism and Whittaker Chambers: A Biography, and his new one is Buckley: The Life and the Revolution That Changed America.It's a huge tome — almost 1,000 pages! — but fascinating, with new and startling revelations, and a breeze to read. It's crack to me, of course, and we went long — a Rogan-worthy three hours. But I loved it, and hope you do too. It's not just about Buckley; it's about now, and how Buckleyism is more similar to Trumpism than I initially understood. It's about American conservatism as a whole.For three clips of our convo — Buckley as a humane segregationist, his isolationism even after Pearl Harbor, and getting gay-baited by Gore Vidal — head to our YouTube page.Other topics: me dragging Sam to a drag show in Ptown; the elite upbringing of Buckley during the Depression; his bigoted but charitable dad who struck rich with oil; his Southern mom who birthed a dozen kids; why the polyglot Buckley didn't learn English until age 7; aspiring to be a priest or a pianist; a middle child craving the approval of dad; a poor student at first; his pranks and recklessness; being the big man on campus at Yale; leading the Yale Daily News; skewering liberal profs; his deep Catholicism; God and Man at Yale; Skull and Bones; his stint in the Army; Charles Lindbergh and America First; defending Joe McCarthy until the bitter end and beyond; launching National Review; Joan Didion; Birchers; Brown v. Board; Albert Jay Nock; Evelyn Waugh; Whittaker Chambers; Brent Bozell; Willmoore Kendall; James Burnham; Orwell; Hitchens; Russell Kirk; not liking Ike; underestimating Goldwater; Nixon and the Southern Strategy; Buckley's ties to Watergate; getting snubbed by Reagan; Julian Bond and John Lewis on Firing Line; the epic debate with James Baldwin; George Will; Michael Lind; David Brooks and David Frum; Rick Hertzberg; Buckley's wife a fag hag who raised money for AIDS; Roy Cohn; Bill Rusher; Scott Bessent; how Buckley was a forerunner for Trump; and much more. It's a Rogan-length pod.Browse the Dishcast archive for an episode you might enjoy (the first 102 are free in their entirety — subscribe to get everything else). Coming up: Jake Tapper and Alex Thompson on the Biden cover-up, Walter Isaacson on Ben Franklin, Robert Merry on President McKinley, Tara Zahra on the last revolt against globalization after WWI, N.S. Lyons on the Trump era, Arthur C. Brooks on the science of happiness, and Paul Elie on crypto-religion in ‘80s pop culture. Please send any guest recs, dissents, and other comments to dish@andrewsullivan.com.

Wenn es um große Leistungen im Leben geht, ist der Apostel Paulus eine Klasse für sich. Aber ein ganzes Kapitel, Römer 16, widmet er allen Menschen, die ihm geholfen haben, seine Berufung zu erfüllen. Er beginnt mit Phoebe: „Gebt ihr jede Hilfe, die sie braucht. Sie selbst hat vielen geholfen, auch mir” (Röm 16, 2 GNB). Präsident Johnson sagte: „Es gibt keine Probleme, die wir nicht gemeinsam lösen können und sehr wenige, die wir allein lösen können.” Als Gott Adam schuf, sagte er: „Es ist nicht gut, dass der Mensch allein ist. Ich will ihm eine Hilfe machen” (1.Mo 2,18 EÜ). Er schuf Eva. Gott lehrt uns, dass sehr wenige Dinge von Bedeutung jemals von einem Einzelnen allein bewirkt werden können. Schau unter die Oberfläche, und du wirst fast immer feststellen, dass alle Einzelleistungen in Wirklichkeit Teamleistungen sind. Daniel Boone hatte Gefährten von der Transylvania Company zur Verfügung, als er auf dem Weg zur Wilderness Road war. Wyatt Earp wurde von seinen zwei Brüdern und von Doc Holliday unterstützt. Charles Lindbergh hatte die finanziellen Mittel von neun Geschäftsleuten aus St. Louis und das Know-how der Ryan Aeronautical Company, die sein Flugzeug baute. Albert Einstein räumte ein: „Viele Male am Tag wird mir bewusst, dass mein äußeres und inneres Leben auf der Arbeit meiner lebenden und toten Mitmenschen aufbaut und dass ich mich anstrengen muss, um so viel zurückzugeben, wie ich erhalten habe.” Das Erfolgsgeheimnis jedes Unterfangens kann man in drei Worten zusammenfassen: Verbinden, verpflichten, mitteilen.

Erik Lindbergh, Aviator and Adventurer; Chairman of the Board of the Charles and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation, Co-Founder and Executive Chairman of VerdeGo Aero talking about the plans for the 100th anniversary of his grandfathers flight and aviation now.

In this episode of "Someone You Should Know," Stuart Sax talks with Nova Hall, an author, speaker, artist, licensed insurance agent, and founder of Flying Over Time, a nonprofit dedicated to inspiring future aviators. Tune in and hear about the discovery of a hidden chest full of historical treasure and the story of Nova's grandfather Donald A. Hall who built The Spirit of St. Louis for Charles Lindbergh's famous flight.Visit Nova's website at https://flyingovertime.org/Join us every Wednesday on ⁠⁠Facebook, LinkedIn, or YouTube.⁠⁠#SomeoneYouShouldKnow⁠⁠ ⁠⁠#StuartSax⁠⁠ #podcast #thespiritofstlouis #aviation #history #charleslindbergh #donaldhall #nonprofitEach week, Stuart Sax interviews Someone You Should Know. Get to know people who have incredible stories to tell. It's their backstories that make the conversations come to life. From government officials, artists, writers, service providers, creators and dreamers; I share their stories in a casual way. Maybe your story will be the next one we share!Follow Stuart Sax on social media and see more shows at:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://linktr.ee/stuartsax⁠

Welcome to another episode of "Echoes of War," where Craig from the Pacific War Channel is joined by his co-host, Gaurav, to delve into a little-known chapter of North American history: the secret US plans to invade Canada during the 1920s and 1930s. This episode examines War Plan Red, a daring and controversial military strategy conceived at a time of diplomatic tension between the US and the UK. In the 1930s, as tensions simmered post-World War I, the U.S. found itself devising an audacious strategy known as War Plan Red, aimed at invading Canada. The backdrop was marked by strained U.S.-British relations, exacerbated by Britain's $22 billion debt to the U.S. and its military supremacy. The U.S. military, adopting a color-coded approach to prepare for potential conflicts, believed a confrontation with Britain was plausible, prompting the creation of a specific plan for Canada. Approved in 1930, War Plan Red envisioned a swift invasion following a series of strategic targets, with Halifax as a critical objective due to its significance as a naval base. To support the plan, extensive military exercises mobilized thousands of troops near the Canadian border. Intelligence efforts, including reconnaissance flights by aviator Charles Lindbergh, assessed Canada's defenses and resources. As American military planners executed war games, they predicted a prolonged conflict, but one that could potentially lead to Canada's quick conquest. The plan spurred various invasions from multiple fronts, disrupting Canadian supply routes and military capabilities. Meanwhile, Canada crafted its own contingency plans, relying heavily on British support, ultimately acknowledging the challenge of defending against a powerful neighbor. Despite the chilling prospects, War Plan Red faded into obscurity with the onset of World War II, replaced by new strategies yet secretly influencing U.S. military doctrine for decades. Its remnant echoes remind us of a precarious era that nearly reshaped North American borders.

This week on Hashtag History, we will be discussing the Lindbergh Kidnapping. In March of 1932, the one-year-old son of Charles Lindbergh (the famous American aviator who is most known for being the first person to complete a solo, nonstop transatlantic flight) went missing. While other people were in the home – including the baby's parents – Charles Lindburgh, Jr. was taken from his crib from the second-floor of the house…never to be seen again. The kidnapper would leave a ransom note which the desperate Lindberghs complied with, paying $50,000 for information related to their son. This note, however, turned out to be a hoax.The Lindberghs, the Federal Bureau of Investigations, and the country at large searched for the missing baby furiously, only to discover – ten weeks after the kidnapping – that the little boy had been killed and buried in the woods less than five miles from the Lindbergh home.A man would be arrested, convicted, and eventually sentenced to death for the crime but…to this day, there are still people that profess his innocence (just as he did for the remainder of his life).This case changed history. It is often referred to as one of the “crimes of the century." It was this case that led the US Congress to pass the Federal Kidnapping Act, making it a federal crime to transport a kidnapped victim across state lines. It is this act that gave the FBI jurisdiction to investigate these types of kidnappings (something that they did not have prior to 1932).Follow Hashtag History on Instagram @hashtaghistory_podcast for all of the pictures mentioned in this episode.Citations for all sources can be located on our website at www.HashtagHistory-Pod.com. You can also check out our website for super cute merch!You can now sponsor a cocktail and get a shout-out on air! Just head to www.buymeacoffee.com/hashtaghistory or head to the Support tab on our website!You can locate us on www.Patreon.com/hashtaghistory where you can donate $1 a month to our Books and Booze Supply. All of your support goes a long ways and we are endlessly grateful! To show our gratitude, all Patreon Supporters receive an automatic 15% OFF all merchandise in our merchandise store, a shoutout on social media, and stickers!THANKS FOR LISTENING!- Rachel and Leah

Some weddings might be grand, but nothing catches more attention than a good divorce scandal.August – September 1933, the marriage of Prince Alexis Mdivani and heiress Barbara Hutton has caused a lot of press attention on the couple as well as those around them. His two older brothers, Prince Serge Mdivani and Prince David Mdivani are in the papers again for their divorces and issues around their oil company. While youngest brother Prince Alexis and Barbara enjoy positive coverage, Prince Serge finds himself in a bitter press battle with soon to be ex-wife, opera singer Mary McCormic.Other people and subjects include: Franklyn Hutton, Louise Van Alen (referenced, not mentioned), Cobina Wright, Pola Negri, Princess Mae Murray Mdivani, Princesss Roussadana “Roussie” Mdivani Sert, Prince David – Prince of Wales – future King Edward VIII – Duke of Windsor, Lady Thelma Morgan Furness, Princess Marquesa de Portago, Lily Damita, Janet Snowden, Prince Caravita, John de Braganza, Lord Nicholas “Dickie” Mountbatten, Archpriest Jacob Smirnoff, Samuel Insull, Insull energy empire, Pacific Shore Oil Company, Charles Lindbergh, Lindbergh Baby Kidnapping, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Marion Campbell, Nipo Strongheart, Mary Garden, Chester MacCormic – Macomic – Macormac, Kenneth Rankin, Reba McCormic, Harold McCormick, Edith Rockefeller, Ganna Walska, terrible singer, Cowgirl soprano, opera career advice, protégé, Chicago Civic Opera House, Russia, Soviet state Georgia, Biarritz, Moscow, Paris, Los Angeles, Liberty Magazine, Good Housekeeping, new Mdivani source, Tallulah Bankhead, Maurice Chevalier, Mistinguett, Yvonne Vallee, Rudy Vallee, divorce, remarriage, Orson Welles, Citizen Kane, Susan Alexander, William Randolph Hearst, Joseph Pulitzer, Florence Foster Jenkins, Meryl Streep, Enrico Caruso, Cole Porter, Lily Pons, cult musical camp, Alexander Winton, Winton automobile, Bobby Franks, Richard Loeb, Nathan Leopold, Clarence Darrow, Eva Stotesbury, Massie Rape Trial, Los Angeles Olympics, 1932 events, Amelia Earhart, Al Capone, circular connections, reconstructing & reconnecting the past, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, Queen Victoria, Prince Philip, Prince Charles – Princes of Wales – King Charles III of Great Britain, Faith Baldwin, romance writer, female novelist, What Is Wrong With American Marriages syndicated news article series – Part 6th Pitfalls of International Marriage, Mademoiselle Dollars - American dollar princess, Adele Astaire, Fred Astaire, Lord Charles Cavendish, Boni de Castellane, Anna Gould, Duke of Marlborough, Consuelo Vanderbilt, Gladys Deacon, Sally Rand, risque striptease dance, messy divorces, too public, chaos, high passion, burnout, Brad Pitt, Angelina Jolie, Ben Affleck, Jennifer Lopez, Johnny Depp, Amber Heard, Prince Harry, Meghan Markle, divorce book,…--Extra Notes / Call to Action:Hollywood Mysteries, YouTube Channelhttps://www.youtube.com/@HollywoodMysteries#61 – Louise Brooks, The Girl Who Had The World In Her Hands and Lost It Allhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bg8D-KNHNZcCheck out and answer polls for As The Money Burns via social mediaX / Twitter – https://x.com/asthemoneyburnsInstagram – https://www.instagram.com/asthemoneyburns/Share, like, subscribe--Archival Music provided by Past Perfect Vintage Music, www.pastperfect.com.Opening Music: My Heart Belongs to Daddy by Billy Cotton, Album The Great British Dance BandsSection 1 Music: Did You Mean It? By Jack Hylton, Album The Great British Dance BandsSection 2 Music: Stars Fell On Alabama by Lew Stone, Album The Great British Dance BandsSection 3 Music: This Is The Missus by Sidney Kyte & His Piccadilly Hotel Band, Album The Great Dance Bands Play Hits of the 30sEnd Music: My Heart Belongs to Daddy by Billy Cotton, Album The Great British Dance Bands--https://asthemoneyburns.com/X / TW / IG – @asthemoneyburnsX / Twitter – https://x.com/asthemoneyburnsInstagram – https://www.instagram.com/asthemoneyburns/Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/asthemoneyburns/

En el programa de hoy, se habló sobre la historia de la aviación, desde los mitos antiguos como el de Ícaro hasta los avances tecnológicos modernos. Se exploraron los primeros intentos del ser humano por volar, incluyendo los diseños de Leonardo da Vinci y el uso de globos aerostáticos en el siglo XVIII. Luego, se repasaron los primeros vuelos controlados con planeadores y la hazaña de los hermanos Wright en 1903. También se mencionaron hitos en la aviación comercial y militar, como el papel de los aviones en las guerras mundiales, la travesía de Charles Lindbergh y la misteriosa desaparición de Amelia Earhart. Finalmente, se explicó de forma sencilla el principio de sustentación que permite el vuelo de aviones y helicópteros, y se discutieron las innovaciones actuales en motores y diseño de aeronaves. Para acceder al programa sin interrupción de comerciales, suscríbete a Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/elvillegas 00:00:00 - La fascinación humana por volar 00:03:42 - Primeros intentos y avances en la aviación 00:14:13 - Los hermanos Wright y el primer vuelo 00:15:50 - La aviación en la guerra y la expansión comercial 00:20:15 - Cómo vuelan los aviones y helicópteros 00:27:16 - Innovaciones en la aviación moderna

Take a breath. Just breathe.  And then reserve your ticket for a special online-only talk with New York Times columnist Carl Zimmer, who will tell you all about what just went into your lungs. Zimmer will share the ideas that are in his new book Air-Borne, giving a fascinating, previously untold story of the air we breathe, the hidden life it contains, and invisible dangers that can turn the world upside down Every day we draw in two thousand gallons of air—and thousands of living things. From the ground to the stratosphere, the air teems with invisible life. This last great biological frontier remains so mysterious that it took more than two years for scientists to finally agree that the Covid pandemic was caused by an airborne virus. Zimmer will lead us on an odyssey through the living atmosphere and through the history of its discovery. From the tops of mountain glaciers, where Louis Pasteur caught germs from the air, to Amelia Earhart and Charles Lindbergh above the clouds, where they conducted groundbreaking experiments. Meet the long-forgotten pioneers of aerobiology, including William and Mildred Wells, who tried for decades to warn the world about airborne infections, only to die in obscurity. Zimmer also chronicles the dark side of aerobiology with gripping accounts of how the United States and the Soviet Union clandestinely built arsenals of airborne biological weapons designed to spread anthrax, smallpox and an array of other pathogens. Breathtaking, isn't it? In Association with Wonderfest. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Diving into stories and lessons on two of the four cardinal virtues--justice and courage-----Sources:Lives of the Stoics - Ryan Holiday Meditations - Marcus Aurelius Letters from a Stoic - SenecaDicourses - Epictetus-----5:20 - Zeno: embarrassment 8:45 - Cicero: your fears are fears13:00 - Winston Churchill: your capacity is great 14:45 - Charles Lindbergh: build courage 16:55 - Woody Allen: the hardest step18:30 - George Norris: it inspires23:30 - Publius Rufus: knowing vs doing27:20 - Muhammud Ali: don't compromise 31:25 - Helvidius Priscus: accept your roles34:05 - Matthew McConaughey: do less-----You can check stay connected below:Greatness FilesBook: Chasing Greatness: Timeless Stories on the Pursuit of Excellence  ApparelInstagramX

Aikon x Dave Seaman - Promise You - Selador Collaboration (noun): the situation of two or more people working together to create or achieve the same thing. Collaborating is almost as old as music itself, those of a creative persuasion having pushed each other to new and inspiring heights since time immemorial. It's in our DNA. Let's share beats & gizmos and rock this crazy joint. Here at Selador HQ, we've made collaborations for dance floors and headphones, not boardrooms and spreadsheets, something of an art form. So pray tell, who makes up our latest dream team, and what have they conjured up for us? Perched jauntily on the Selador sofa, it's only that boss man Dave Seaman, more club culture air miles in his back pocket than Amelia Earhart and Charles Lindbergh (look ‘em up kids) going B2B; while in the special guest green room, we find our good friend Aikon, more hot labels hanging on his every beat than really seems fair on the competition. Together, they deliver a seismic new tune in the shape of ‘Promise You'. One version only, cos that be the definitive one, as razor sharp beats underpin rumbling bass, riffs duelling like pistols at dawn, and a heart-rending, soul-stirring vocal that's the proverbial cherry on the icing atop this epic sonic concoction. Team Selador – promised you a miracle x

Before getting into this new podcast, have you checked out the recent newsletter editions and podcasts of Ground Truths?—the first diagnostic immunome—a Covid nasal vaccine update—medical storytelling and uncertainty—why did doctors with A.I. get outperformed by A.I. alone?The audio is available on iTunes and Spotify. The full video is embedded here, at the top, and also can be found on YouTube.Transcript with links to Audio and External Links Eric Topol (00:07):Well, hello. It's Eric Topol with Ground Truths, and I am just thrilled today to welcome Carl Zimmer, who is one of the great science journalists of our times. He's written 14 books. He writes for the New York Times and many other venues of great science, journalism, and he has a new book, which I absolutely love called Air-Borne. And you can see I have all these rabbit pages tagged and there's lots to talk about here because this book is the book of air. I mean, we're talking about everything that you ever wanted to know about air and where we need to go, how we missed the boat, and Covid and everything else. So welcome, Carl.Carl Zimmer (00:51):Thanks so much. Great to be here.A Book Inspired by the PandemicEric Topol (00:54):Well, the book starts off with the Skagit Valley Chorale that you and your wife Grace attended a few years later, I guess, in Washington, which is really interesting. And I guess my first question is, it had the look that this whole book was inspired by the pandemic, is that right?Carl Zimmer (01:18):Certainly, the seed was planted in the pandemic. I was working as a journalist at the New York Times with a bunch of other reporters at the Times. There were lots of other science writers also just trying to make sense of this totally new disease. And we were talking with scientists who were also trying to make sense of the disease. And so, there was a lot of uncertainty, ambiguity, and things started to come into focus. And I was really puzzled by how hard it was for consensus to emerge about how Covid spread. And I did some reporting along with other people on this conflict about was this something that was spreading on surfaces or was it the word people were using was airborne? And the World Health Organization said, no, it's not airborne, it's not airborne until they said it was airborne. And that just seemed like not quantum physics, you know what I'm saying? In the sense that it seemed like that would be the kind of thing that would get sorted out pretty quickly. And I think that actually more spoke to my own unfamiliarity with the depth of this field. And so, I would talk to experts like say, Donald Milton at the University of Maryland. I'd be like, so help me understand this. How did this happen? And he would say, well, you need to get to know some people like William Wells. And I said, who?Eric Topol (02:50):Yeah, yeah, that's what I thought.Carl Zimmer (02:53):Yeah, there were just a whole bunch of people from a century ago or more that have been forgotten. They've been lost in history, and yet they were real visionaries, but they were also incredibly embattled. And the question of how we messed up understanding why Covid was airborne turned out to have an answer that took me back thousands of years and really plunged me into this whole science that's known as aerobiology.Eric Topol (03:26):Yeah, no, it's striking. And we're going to get, of course, into the Covid story and how it got completely botched as to how it was being transmitted. But of course, as you go through history, you see a lot of the same themes of confusion and naysayers and just extraordinary denialism. But as you said, this goes back thousands of years and perhaps the miasma, the moral stain in the air that was start, this is of course long before there was thing called germ theory. Is that really where the air thing got going?A Long History of Looking Into Bad AirCarl Zimmer (04:12):Well, certainly some of the earliest evidence we have that people were looking at the air and thinking about the air and thinking there's something about the air that matters to us. Aristotle thought, well, there's clearly something important about the air. Life just seems to be revolve around breathing and he didn't know why. And Hippocrates felt that there could be this stain on the air, this corruption of the air, and this could explain why a lot of people in a particular area, young and old, might suddenly all get sick at the same time. And so, he put forward this miasma theory, and there were also people who were looking at farm fields and asking, well, why are all my crops dead suddenly? What happened? And there were explanations that God sends something down to punish us because we've been bad, or even that the air itself had a kind of miasma that affected plants as well as animals. So these ideas were certainly there, well over 2,000 years ago.Eric Topol (05:22):Now, as we go fast forward, we're going to get to, of course into the critical work of William and Mildred Wells, who I'd never heard of before until I read your book, I have to say, talk about seven, eight decades filed into oblivion. But before we get to them, because their work was seminal, you really get into the contributions of Louis Pasteur. Maybe you could give us a skinny on what his contributions were because I was unaware of his work and the glaciers, Mer de Glace and figuring out what was going on in the air. So what did he really do to help this field?Carl Zimmer (06:05):Yeah, and this is another example of how we can kind of twist and deform history. Louis Pasteur is a household name. People know who Louis Pasteur is. People know about pasteurization of milk. Pasteur is associated with vaccines. Pasteur did other things as well. And he was also perhaps the first aerobiologist because he got interested in the fact that say, in a factory where beet juice was being fermented to make alcohol, sometimes it would spoil. And he was able to determine that there were some, what we know now are bacteria that were getting into the beet juice. And so, it was interrupting the usual fermentation from the yeast. That in itself was a huge discovery. But he was saying, well, wait, so why are there these, what we call bacteria in the spoiled juice? And he thought, well, maybe they just float in the air.Carl Zimmer (07:08):And this was really a controversial idea in say, 1860, because even then, there were many people who were persuaded that when you found microorganisms in something, they were the result of spontaneous generation. In other words, the beet juice spontaneously produced this life. This was standard view of how life worked and Pasteur was like, I'm not sure I buy this. And this basically led to him into an incredible series of studies around Paris. He would have a flask, and he'd have a long neck on it, and the flask was full of sterile broth, and he would just take it places and he would just hold it there for a while, and eventually bacteria would fall down that long neck and they would settle in the broth, and they would multiply in there. It would turn cloudy so he could prove that there was life in the air.Carl Zimmer (08:13):And they went to different places. He went to farm fields, he went to mountains. And the most amazing trip he took, it was actually to the top of a glacier, which was very difficult, especially for someone like Pasteur, who you get the impression he just hated leaving the lab. This was not a rugged outdoorsman at all. But there he is, climbing around on the ice with this flask raising it over his head, and he caught bacteria there as well. And that actually was pivotal to destroying spontaneous generation as a theory. So aerobiology among many, many other things, destroyed this idea that life could spontaneously burst into existence.Eric Topol (08:53):Yeah, no. He says ‘these gentlemen, are the germs of microscopic beings' shown in the existence of microorganisms in the air. So yeah, amazing contribution. And of course, I wasn't familiar with his work in the air like this, and it was extensive. Another notable figure in the world of germ theory that you bring up in the book with another surprise for me was the great Robert Koch of the Koch postulates. So is it true he never did the third postulate about he never fulfilled his own three postulates?Carl Zimmer (09:26):Not quite. Yeah, so he had these ideas about what it would take to actually show that some particular pathogen, a germ, actually caused a disease, and that involved isolating it from patients, culturing it outside of them. And then actually experimentally infecting an animal and showing the symptoms again. And he did that with things like anthrax and tuberculosis. He nailed that. But then when it came to cholera, there was this huge outbreak in Egypt, and people were still battling over what caused cholera. Was it miasma? Was it corruption in the air, or was it as Koch and others believe some type of bacteria? And he found a particular kind of bacteria in the stool of people who were dying or dead of cholera, and he could culture it, and he consistently found it. And when he injected animals with it, it just didn't quite work.Eric Topol (10:31):Okay. Yeah, so at least for cholera, the Koch's third postulate of injecting in animals, reproducing the disease, maybe not was fulfilled. Okay, that's good.Eric Topol (10:42):Now, there's a lot of other players here. I mean, with Fred Meier and Charles Lindbergh getting samples in the air from the planes and Carl Flügge. And before we get to the Wells, I just want to mention these naysayers like Charles Chapin, Alex Langmuir, the fact that they said, well, people that were sensitive to pollen, it was just neurosis. It wasn't the pollen. I mean, just amazing stuff. But anyway, the principles of what I got from the book was the Wells, the husband and wife, very interesting characters who eventually even split up, I guess. But can you tell us about their contributions? Because they're really notable when we look back.William and Mildred Wells Carl Zimmer (11:26):Yeah, they really are. And although by the time they had died around 1960, they were pretty much forgotten already. And yet in the 1930s, the two of them, first at Harvard and then at University of Pennsylvania did some incredible work to actually challenge this idea that airborne infection was not anything real, or at least nothing really to worry about. Because once the miasmas have been cleared away, people who embrace the germ theory of disease said, look, we've got cholera in water. We've got yellow fever in mosquitoes. We've got syphilis in sex. We have all these ways that germs can get from one person to the next. We don't need to worry about the air anymore. Relax. And William Wells thought, I don't know if that's true. And we actually invented a new device for actually sampling the air, a very clever kind of centrifuge. And he started to discover, actually, there's a lot of stuff floating around in the air.Carl Zimmer (12:37):And then with a medical student of his, Richard Riley started to develop a physical model. How does this happen? Well, you and I are talking, as we are talking we are expelling tiny droplets, and those droplets can potentially contain pathogens. We can sneeze out big droplets or cough them too. Really big droplets might fall to the floor, but lots of other droplets will float. They might be pushed along by our breath like in a cloud, or they just may be so light, they just resist gravity. And so, this was the basic idea that he put forward. And then he made real headlines by saying, well, maybe there's something that we can do to these germs while they're still in the air to protect our own health. In the same way you'd protect water so that you don't get cholera. And he stumbled on ultraviolet light. So basically, you could totally knock out influenza and a bunch of other pathogens just by hitting these droplets in the air with light. And so, the Wells, they were very difficult to work with. They got thrown out of Harvard. Fortunately, they got hired at Penn, and they lasted there just long enough that they could run an experiment in some schools around Philadelphia. And they put up ultraviolet lamps in the classrooms. And those kids did not get hit by huge measles outbreak that swept through Philadelphia not long afterwards.Eric Topol (14:05):Yeah, it's pretty amazing. I had never heard of them. And here they were prescient. They did the experiments. They had this infection machine where they could put the animal in and blow in the air, and it was basically like the Koch's third postulate here of inducing the illness. He wrote a book, William and he's a pretty confident fellow quoted, ‘the book is not for here and now. It is from now on.' So he wasn't a really kind of a soft character. He was pretty strong, I guess. Do you think his kind of personality and all the difficulties that he and his wife had contributed to why their legacy was forgotten by most?Carl Zimmer (14:52):Yes. They were incredibly difficult to work with, and there's no biography of the Wellses. So I had to go into archives and find letters and unpublished documents and memos, and people will just say like, oh my goodness, these people are so unbearable. They just were fighting all the time. They were fighting with each other. They were peculiar, particularly William was terrible with language and just people couldn't deal with them. So because they were in these constant fights, they had very few friends. And when you have a big consensus against you and you don't have very many friends to not even to help you keep a job, it's not going to turn out well, unfortunately. They did themselves no favors, but it is still really remarkable and sad just how much they figured out, which was then dismissed and forgotten.Eric Topol (15:53):Yeah, I mean, I'm just amazed by it because it's telling about your legacy in science. You want to have friends, you want to be, I think, received well by your colleagues in your community. And when you're not, you could get buried, your work could get buried. And it kind of was until, for me, at least, your book Air-Borne. Now we go from that time, which is 60, 70 years ago, to fast forward H1N1 with Linsey Marr from Virginia Tech, who in 2009 was already looking back at the Wells work and saying, wait a minute there's something here that this doesn't compute, kind of thing. Can you give us the summary about Linsey? Of course, we're going to go to 2018 again all before the pandemic with Lydia, but let's first talk about Linsey.Linsey MarrSee my previous Ground Truths podcast with Prof Marr hereCarl Zimmer (16:52):Sure. So Linsey Marr belongs to this new generation of scientists in the 21st century who start to individually rediscover the Welles. And then in Lindsey Marr's case, she was studying air pollution. She's an atmospheric scientist and she's at Virginia Tech. And she and her husband are trying to juggle their jobs and raising a little kid, and their son is constantly coming home from daycare because he's constantly getting sick, or there's a bunch of kids who are sick there and so on. And that got Linsey Marr actually really curious like what's going on because they were being careful about washing objects and so on, and doing their best to keep the kids healthy. And she started looking into ideas about transmission of diseases. And she got very interested in the flu because in 2009, there was a new pandemic, in other words that you had this new strain of influenza surging throughout the world. And so, she said, well, let me look at what people are saying. And as soon as she started looking at it, she just said, well, people are saying things that as a physicist I know make no sense. They're saying that droplets bigger than five microns just plummet to the ground.Carl Zimmer (18:21):And in a way that was part of a sort of a general rejection of airborne transmission. And she said, look, I teach this every year. I just go to the blackboard and derive a formula to show that particles much bigger than this can stay airborne. So there's something really wrong here. And she started spending more and more time studying airborne disease, and she kept seeing the Welles as being cited. And she was like, who are these? Didn't know who they were. And she had to dig back because finding his book is not easy, I will tell you that. You can't buy it on Amazon. It's like it was a total flop.Eric Topol (18:59):Wow.Carl Zimmer (19:00):And eventually she started reading his papers and getting deeper in it, and she was like, huh. He was pretty smart. And he didn't say any of the things that people today are claiming he said. There's a big disconnect here. And that led her into join a very small group of people who really were taking the idea of airborne infection seriously, in the early 2000s.Lydia BourouibaEric Topol (19:24):Yeah, I mean, it's pretty incredible because had we listened to her early on in the pandemic and many others that we're going to get into, this wouldn't have gone years of neglect of airborne transmission of Covid. Now, in 2018, there was, I guess, a really important TEDMED talk by Lydia. I don't know how you pronounce her last name, Bourouiba or something. Oh, yeah. And she basically presented graphically. Of course, all this stuff is more strained for people to believe because of the invisibility story, but she, I guess, gave demos that were highly convincing to her audience if only more people were in her audience. Right?Carl Zimmer (20:09):That's right. That's right. Yeah. So Lydia was, again, not an infectious disease expert at first. She was actually trained as a physicist. She studied turbulence like what you get in spinning galaxies or spinning water in a bathtub as it goes down the drain. But she was very taken aback by the SARS outbreak in 2003, which did hit Canada where she was a student.Carl Zimmer (20:40):And it really got her getting interested in infectious diseases, emerging diseases, and asking herself, what tools can I bring from physics to this? And she's looked into a lot of different things, and she came to MIT and MIT is where Harold Edgerton built those magnificent stroboscope cameras. And we've all seen these stroboscope images of the droplets of milk frozen in space, or a bullet going through a card or things like that that he made in the 1930s and 1940s and so on. Well, one of the really famous images that was used by those cameras was a sneeze actually, around 1940. That was the first time many Americans would see these droplets frozen in space. Of course, they forgot them.Carl Zimmer (21:34):So she comes there and there's a whole center set up for this kind of high-speed visualization, and she starts playing with these cameras, and she starts doing experiments with things like breathing and sneezes and so on. But now she's using digital video, and she discovers that she goes and looks at William Wells and stuff. She's like, that's pretty good, but it's pretty simple. It's pretty crude. I mean, of course it is. It was in the 1930s. So she brings a whole new sophistication of physics to studying these things, which she finds that, especially with a sneeze, it sort of creates a new kind of physics. So you actually have a cloud that just shoots forward, and it even carries the bigger droplets with it. And it doesn't just go three feet and drop. In her studies looking at her video, it could go 10 feet, 20 feet, it could just keep going.Eric Topol (22:24):27 feet, I think I saw. Yeah, right.Carl Zimmer (22:26):Yeah. It just keeps on going. And so, in 2018, she gets up and at one of these TEDMED talks and gives this very impressive talk with lots of pictures. And I would say the world didn't really listen.Eric Topol (22:48):Geez and amazing. Now, the case that you, I think centered on to show how stupid we were, not everyone, not this group of 36, we're going to talk about not everyone, but the rest of the world, like the WHO and the CDC and others was this choir, the Skagit Valley Chorale in Washington state. Now, this was in March 2020 early on in the pandemic, there were 61 people exposed to one symptomatic person, and 52 were hit with Covid. 52 out of 61, only 8 didn't get Covid. 87% attack rate eventually was written up by an MMWR report that we'll link to. This is extraordinary because it defied the idea of that it could only be liquid droplets. So why couldn't this early event, which was so extraordinary, opened up people's mind that there's not this six-foot rule and it's all these liquid droplets and the rest of the whole story that was wrong.Carl Zimmer (24:10):I think there's a whole world of psychological research to be done on why people accept or don't accept scientific research and I'm not just talking about the public. This is a question about how science itself works, because there were lots of scientists who looked at the claims that Linsey Marr and others made about the Skagit Valley Chorale outbreak and said, I don't know, I'm not convinced. You didn't culture viable virus from the air. How do you really know? Really, people have said that in print. So it does raise the question of a deep question, I think about how does science judge what the right standard of proof is to interpret things like how diseases spread and also how to set public health policy. But you're certainly right that and March 10th, there was this outbreak, and by the end of March, it had started to make news and because the public health workers were figuring out all the people who were sick and so on, and people like Linsey Marr were like, this kind of looks like airborne to me, but they wanted to do a closer study of it. But still at that same time, places like the World Health Organization (WHO) were really insisting Covid is not airborne.“This is so mind-boggling to me. It just made it obvious that they [WHO] were full of s**t.”—Jose-Luis JimenezGetting It Wrong, Terribly WrongEric Topol (25:56):It's amazing. I mean, one of the quotes that there was, another one grabbed me in the book, in that group of the people that did air research understanding this whole field, the leaders, there's a fellow Jose-Luis Jimenez from University of Colorado Boulder, he said, ‘this is so mind-boggling to me. It just made it obvious that they were full of s**t.' Now, that's basically what he's saying about these people that are holding onto this liquid droplet crap and that there's no airborne. But we know, for example, when you can't see cigarette smoke, you can't see the perfume odor, but you can smell it that there's stuff in the air, it's airborne, and it's not necessarily three or six feet away. There's something here that doesn't compute in people's minds. And by the way, even by March and April, there were videos like the one that Lydia showed in 2018 that we're circling around to show, hey, this stuff is all over the place. It's not just the mouth going to the other person. So then this group of 36 got together, which included the people we were talking about, other people who I know, like Joe Allen and many really great contributors, and they lobbied the CDC and the WHO to get with it, but it seemed like it took two years.Carl Zimmer (27:32):It was a slow process, yes. Yes. Because well, I mean, the reason that they got together and sort of formed this band is because early on, even at the end of January, beginning of February 2020, people like Joe Allen, people like Linsey Marr, people like Lidia Morawska in Australia, they were trying to raise the alarm. And so, they would say like, oh, I will write up my concerns and I will get it published somewhere. And journals would reject them and reject them and reject them. They'd say, well, we know this isn't true. Or they'd say like, oh, they're already looking into it. Don't worry about it. This is not a reason for concern. All of them independently kept getting rejected. And then at the same time, the World Health Organization was going out of their way to insist that Covid is not airborne. And so, Lidia Morawska just said like, we have to do something. And she, from her home in Australia, marshaled first this group of 36 people, and they tried to get the World Health Organization to listen to them, and they really felt very rebuffed it didn't really work out. So then they went public with a very strong open letter. And the New York Times and other publications covered that and that really started to get things moving. But still, these guidelines and so on were incredibly slow to be updated, let alone what people might actually do to sort of safeguard us from an airborne disease.Eric Topol (29:15):Well, yeah, I mean, we went from March 2020 when it was Captain Obvious with the choir to the end of 2021 with Omicron before this got recognized, which is amazing to me when you look back, right? That here you've got millions of people dying and getting infected, getting Long Covid, all this stuff, and we have this denial of what is the real way of transmission. Now, this was not just a science conflict, this is that we had people saying, you don't need to wear a mask. People like Jerome Adams, the Surgeon General, people like Tony Fauci before there was an adjustment later, oh, you don't need masks. You just stay more than six feet away. And meanwhile, the other parts of the world, as you pointed out in Japan with the three Cs, they're already into, hey, this is airborne and don't go into rooms indoors with a lot of people and clusters and whatnot. How could we be this far off where the leading public health, and this includes the CDC, are giving such bad guidance that basically was promoting Covid spread.Carl Zimmer (30:30):I think there are a number of different reasons, and I've tried to figure that out, and I've talked to people like Anthony Fauci to try to better understand what was going on. And there was a lot of ambiguity at the time and a lot of mixed signals. I think that also in the United States in particular, we were dealing with a really bad history of preparing for pandemics in the sense that the United States actually had said, we might need a lot of masks for a pandemic, which implicitly means that we acknowledge that the next pandemic might to some extent be airborne. At least our healthcare folks are going to need masks, good masks, and they stockpiled them, and then they started using them, and then they didn't really replace them very well, and supplies ran out, or they got old. So you had someone like Rick Bright who was a public health official in the administration in January 2020, trying to tell everybody, hey, we need masks.The Mess with MasksCarl Zimmer (31:56):And people are like, don't worry about it, don't worry about it. Look, if we have a problem with masks, he said this, and he recounted this later. Look, if the health workers run out of masks, we just tell the public just to not use masks and then we'll have enough for the health workers. And Bright was like, that makes no sense. That makes no sense. And lo and behold, there was a shortage among American health workers, and China was having its own health surge, so they were going to be helping us out, and it was chaos. And so, a lot of those messages about telling the public don't wear a mask was don't wear a mask, the healthcare workers need them, and we need to make sure they have enough. And if you think about that, there's a problem there.Carl Zimmer (32:51):Yeah, fine. Why don't the healthcare workers have their own independent supply of masks? And then we can sort of address the question, do masks work in the general community? Which is a legitimate scientific question. I know there are people who are say, oh, masks don't work. There's plenty of studies that show that they can reduce risk. But unfortunately, you actually had people like Fauci himself who were saying like, oh, you might see people wearing masks in other countries. I wouldn't do it. And then just a few weeks later when it was really clear just how bad things were getting, he turns around and says, people should wear masks. But Jerome Adams, who you mentioned, Surgeon General, he gets on TV and he's trying to wrap a cloth around his face and saying, look, you can make your own mask. And it was not ideal, shall we say?Eric Topol (33:55):Oh, no. It just led to mass confusion and the anti-science people were having just a field day for them to say that these are nincompoops. And it just really, when you look back, it's sad. Now, I didn't realize the history of the N95 speaking of healthcare workers and fitted masks, and that was back with the fashion from the bra. I mean, can you tell us about that? That's pretty interesting.Carl Zimmer (34:24):Yeah. Yeah, it's a fascinating story. So there was a woman who was working for 3M. She was consulting with them on just making new products, and she really liked the technology they used for making these sort of gift ribbons and sort of blown-fiber. And she's like, wow, you should think about other stuff. How about a bra? And so, they actually went forward with this sort of sprayed polyester fiber bra, which was getting much nicer than the kind of medieval stuff that women had to put up with before then. And then she's at the same time spending a lot of time in hospitals because a lot of her family was sick with various ailments, and she was looking at these doctors and nurses who were wearing masks, which just weren't fitting them very well. And she thought, wait a minute, you could take a bra cup and just basically fit it on people's faces.Carl Zimmer (35:29):She goes to 3M and is like, hey, what about this? And they're like, hmm, interesting. And at first it didn't seem actually like it worked well against viruses and other pathogens, but it was good on dust. So it started showing up in hardware stores in the 70s, and then there were further experiments that basically figured showed you could essentially kind of amazingly give the material a little static charge. And that was good enough that then if you put it on, it traps droplets that contain viruses and doesn't let them through. So N95s are a really good way to keep viruses from coming into your mouth or going out.Eric Topol (36:14):Yeah. Well, I mean it's striking too, because in the beginning, as you said, when there finally was some consensus that masks could help, there wasn't differentiation between cotton masks, surgical masks, KN95s. And so, all this added to the mix of ambiguity and confusion. So we get to the point finally that we understand the transmission. It took way too long. And that kind of tells the Covid story. And towards the end of the book, you're back at the Skagit Valley Chorale. It's a full circle, just amazing story. Now, it also brings up all lessons that we've learned and where we're headed with this whole knowledge of the aerobiome, which is fascinating. I didn't know that we breathe 2000 to 3000 gallons a day of air, each of us.Every Breath We TakeEric Topol (37:11):Wow, I didn't know. Well, of course, air is a vector for disease. And of course, going back to the Wells, the famous Wells that have been, you've brought them back to light about how we're aerial oysters. So these things in the air, which we're going to get to the California fires, for example, they travel a long ways. Right? We're not talking about six feet here. We're talking about, can you tell us a bit about that?Carl Zimmer (37:42):Well, yeah. So we are releasing living things into the air with every breath, but we're not the only ones. So I'm looking at you and I see beyond you the ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Every time those waves crash down on the surf, it's spewing up vast numbers of tiny droplets, kind of like the ocean's own lungs, spraying up droplets, some of which have bacteria and viruses and other living things. And those go up in the air. The wind catches them, and they blow around. Some of them go very, very high, many, many miles. Some of them go into the clouds and they do blow all over the place. And so, science is really starting to come into its own of studying the planetary wide pattern of the flow of life, not just for oceans, but from the ground, things come out of the ground all of the time. The soil is rich with microbes, and those are rising up. Of course, there's plants, we are familiar with plants having pollen, but plants themselves are also slathered in fungi and other organisms. They shed those into the air as well. And so, you just have this tremendous swirl of life that how high it can go, nobody's quite sure. They can certainly go up maybe 12 miles, some expeditions, rocket emissions have claimed to find them 40 miles in the air.Carl Zimmer (39:31):It's not clear, but we're talking 10, 20, 30 miles up is where all this life gets. So people call this the aerobiome, and we're living in it. It's like we're in an ocean and we're breathing in that ocean. And so, you are breathing in some of those organisms literally with every breath.Eric Topol (39:50):Yeah, no, it's extraordinary. I mean, it really widens, the book takes us so much more broad than the narrow world of Covid and how that got all off track and gives us the big picture. One of the things that happened more recently post Covid was finally in the US there was the commitment to make buildings safer. That is adopting the principles of ventilation filtration. And I wonder if you could comment at that. And also, do you use your CO2 monitor that you mentioned early in the book? Because a lot of people haven't gotten onto the CO2 monitor.Carl Zimmer (40:33):So yes, I do have a CO2 monitor. It's in the other room. And I take it with me partly to protect my own health, but also partly out of curiosity because carbon dioxide (CO2) in the room is actually a pretty good way of figuring out how much ventilation there is in the room and what your potential risk is of getting sick if someone is breathing out Covid or some other airborne disease. They're not that expensive and they're not that big. And taking them on planes is particularly illuminating. It's just incredible just how high the carbon dioxide rate goes up when you're sitting on the plane, they've closed the doors, you haven't taken off yet, shoots way up. Once again, the air and the filter system starts up, it starts going down, which is good, but then you land and back up again. But in terms of when we're not flying, we're spending a lot of our time indoors. Yeah, so you used the word commitment to describe quality standards.Eric Topol (41:38):What's missing is the money and the action, right?Carl Zimmer (41:42):I think, yeah. I think commitment is putting it a little strongly.Eric Topol (41:45):Yeah. Sorry.Carl Zimmer (41:45):Biden administration is setting targets. They're encouraging that that people meet certain targets. And those people you mentioned like Joe Allen at Harvard have actually been putting together standards like saying, okay, let's say that when you build a new school or a new building, let's say that you make sure that you don't get carbon dioxide readings above this rate. Let's try to get 14 liters per second per person of ventilated fresh air. And they're actually going further. They've actually said, now we think this should be law. We think these should be government mandates. We have government mandates for clean water. We have government mandates for clean food. We don't just say, it'd be nice if your bottled water didn't have cholera on it in it. We'll make a little prize. Who's got the least cholera in their water? We don't do that. We don't expect that. We expect more. We expect when you get the water or if you get anything, you expect it to be clean and you expect people to be following the law. So what Joseph Allen, Lidia Morawska, Linsey Marr and others are saying is like, okay, let's have a law.Eric Topol (43:13):Yeah. No, and I think that distinction, I've interviewed Joe Allen and Linsey Marr on Ground Truths, and they've made these points. And we need the commitment, I should say, we need the law because otherwise it's a good idea that doesn't get actualized. And we know how much keeping ventilation would make schools safer.Carl Zimmer (43:35):Just to jump in for a second, just to circle back to William and Mildred Wells, none of what I just said is new. William and Mildred Wells were saying over and over again in speeches they gave, in letters they wrote to friends they were like, we've had this incredible revolution in the early 1900s of getting clean water and clean food. Why don't we have clean air yet? We deserve clean air. Everyone deserves clean air. And so, really all that people like Linsey Marr and Joseph Allen and others are doing is trying to finally deliver on that call almost a century later.Eric Topol (44:17):Yeah, totally. That's amazing how it's taken all this time and how much disease and morbidity even death could have been prevented. Before I ask about planning for the future, I do want to get your comments about the dirty air with the particulate matter less than 2.5 particles and what we're seeing now with wildfires, of course in Los Angeles, but obviously they're just part of what we're seeing in many parts of the world and what that does, what carries so the dirty air, but also what we're now seeing with the crisis of climate change.Carl Zimmer (45:01):So if you inhale smoke from a wildfire, it's not going to start growing inside of you, but those particles are going to cause a lot of damage. They're going to cause a lot of inflammation. They can cause not just lung damage, but they can potentially cause a bunch of other medical issues. And unfortunately, climate change plus the increasing urbanization of these kinds of environments, like in Southern California where fires, it's a fire ecology already. That is going to be a recipe for more smoke in the air. We will be, unfortunately, seeing more fire. Here in the Northeast, we were dealing with really awful smoke coming all the way from Canada. So this is not a problem that respects borders. And even if there were no wildfires, we still have a huge global, terrible problem with particulate matter coming from cars and coal fire power plants and so on. Several million people, their lives are cut short every year, just day in, day out. And you can see pictures in places like Delhi and India and so on. But there are lots of avoidable deaths in the United States as well, because we're starting to realize that even what we thought were nice low levels of air pollution probably are still killing more people than we realized.Eric Topol (46:53):Yeah, I mean, just this week in Nature is a feature on how this dirty air pollution, the urbanization that's leading to brain damage, Alzheimer's, but also as you pointed out, it increases everything, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular, various cancers. I mean, it's just bad news.Carl Zimmer (47:15):And one way in which the aerobiome intersects with what we're talking about is that those little particles floating around, things can live on them and certain species can ride along on these little particles of pollution and then we inhale them. And there's some studies that seem to suggest that maybe pathogens are really benefiting from riding around on these. And also, the wildfire smoke is not just lofting, just bits of dead plant matter into the air. It's lofting vast numbers of bacteria and fungal spores into the air as well. And then those blow very, very far away. It's possible that long distance winds can deliver fungal spores and other microorganisms that can actually cause certain diseases, this Kawasaki disease or Valley fever and so on. Yeah, so everything we're doing is influencing the aerobiome. We're changing the world in so many ways. We're also changing the aerobiome.Eric Topol (48:30):Yeah. And to your point, there were several reports during the pandemic that air pollution potentiated SARS-CoV-2 infections because of that point that you're making that is as a carrier.Carl Zimmer (48:46):Well, I've seen some of those studies and it wasn't clear to me. I'm not sure that SARS-CoV-2 can really survive like long distances outdoors. But it may be that, it kind of weakens people and also sets up their lungs for a serious disease. I'm not as familiar with that research as I'd like to be.Eric Topol (49:11):Yeah, no, it could just be that because they have more inflammation of their lungs that they're just more sensitive to when they get the infection. But there seems like you said, to be some interactions between pathogens and polluted air. I don't know that we want to get into germ warfare because that's whole another topic, but you cover that well, it's very scary stuff.Carl Zimmer (49:37):It's the dark side of aerobiology.Eric Topol (49:39):Oh my gosh, yes. And then the last thing I wanted just to get into is, if we took this all seriously and learned, which we don't seem to do that well in some respects, wouldn't we change the way, for example, the way our cities, the way we increase our world of plants and vegetation, rather than just basically take it all down. What can we do in the future to make our ecosystem with air a healthier one?Carl Zimmer (50:17):I think that's a really important question. And it sounds odd, but that's only because it's unfamiliar. And even after all this time and after the rediscovery of a lot of scientists who had been long forgotten, there's still a lot we don't know. So there is suggestive research that when we breathe in air that's blowing over vegetation, forest and so on. That's actually in some ways good for our health. We do have a relationship with the air, and we've had it ever since our ancestors came out the water and started breathing with their lungs. And so, our immune systems may be tuned to not breathing in sterile air, but we don't understand the relationship. And so, I can't say like, oh, well, here's the prescription. We need to be doing this. We don't know.Eric Topol (51:21):Yeah. No, it's fascinating.Carl Zimmer (51:23):We should find out. And there are a few studies going on, but not many I would have to say. And the thing goes for how do we protect indoor spaces and so on? Well, we kind of have an idea of how airborne Covid is. Influenza, we're not that sure and there are lots of other diseases that we just don't know. And you certainly, if a disease is not traveling through the air at all, you don't want to take these measures. But we need to understand they're spread more and it's still very difficult to study these things.Eric Topol (52:00):Yeah, such a great point. Now before we wrap up, is there anything that you want to highlight that I haven't touched on in this amazing book?Carl Zimmer (52:14):I hope that when people read it, they sort of see that science is a messy process and there aren't that many clear villains and good guys in the sense that there can be people who are totally, almost insanely wrong in hindsight about some things and are brilliant visionaries in other ways. And one figure that I learned about was Max von Pettenkofer, who really did the research behind those carbon dioxide meters. He figured out in the mid-1800s that you could figure out the ventilation in a room by looking at the carbon dioxide. We call it the Pettenkofer number, how much CO2 is in the room. Visionary guy also totally refused to believe in the germ theory of disease. He shot it tooth in the nail even. He tried to convince people that cholera was airborne, and he did it. He took a vial. He was an old man. He took a vial full of cholera. The bacteria that caused cholera drank it down to prove his point. He didn't feel well afterwards, but he survived. And he said, that's proof. So this history of science is not the simple story that we imagine it to be.Eric Topol (53:32):Yeah. Well, congratulations. This was a tour de force. You had to put in a lot of work to pull this all together, and you're enlightening us about air like never before. So thanks so much for joining, Carl.Carl Zimmer (53:46):It was a real pleasure. Thanks for having me.**********************************************Thanks for listening, watching or reading Ground Truths. Your subscription is greatly appreciated.If you found this podcast interesting please share it!That makes the work involved in putting these together especially worthwhile.All content on Ground Truths—newsletters, analyses, and podcasts—is free, open-access.Paid subscriptions are voluntary and all proceeds from them go to support Scripps Research. They do allow for posting comments and questions, which I do my best to respond to. Many thanks to those who have contributed—they have greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for the past two years. And such support is becoming more vital In light of current changes of funding by US biomedical research at NIH and other governmental agencies. Get full access to Ground Truths at erictopol.substack.com/subscribe

SEASON 3 EPISODE 100: COUNTDOWN WITH KEITH OLBERMANN A-Block (1:44) SPECIAL COMMENT: Trump thinks we are not vulnerable to attack because the Atlantic Ocean separates us from Europe. He literally wrote this yesterday. This illusion of oceanic walls was shattered no later than the day the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941 and more likely the first time a German craft was seen off the shores of this country during the First World War. It's madness. It's disqualifying. And it got lost amid the madness about calling Zelensky a dictator and threatening Ukraine and Trump describing himself as "King" and and and... "This war is far more important to Europe than it is to us. We have a big beautiful ocean as separation.” Ironically, the man who disproved the "separation" was Charles Lindbergh with his solo crossing of the Atlantic and it is Lindbergh's America First Isolationists of the '30s whom Trump is now emulating. If you've ever wondered what it would have been like had Lindbergh become president and done a deal with Hitler, stop wondering. We're living through it now - only with Putin. AND DON'T DISMISS THE "KING" STUFF: “Congestion Pricing Is Dead. Manhattan and all of New York is saved. Long live the king.” I don’t know who the king could BE in this construction if Trump doesn’t mean Trump. I do know a Tea Party slob Trump made Deputy White House Chief of Staff promptly tweeted it with an AI image of Trump in fetching king’s robes that like his suits was clearly cut to hide his belly. The official White House account then put out a fake magazine cover with him wearing a crown two or three sizes too small. It is tempting to dismiss this as trolling but at minimum this is part of the effort to make him look omnipotent and mandated instead of a president with 49-point-eight percent of the vote and a disapproval poll rating that went from 41 percent on inauguration day to 51 percent last week. B-Block (31:00) THE WORST PERSONS IN THE WORLD: Markwayne Mullin makes everybody really uncomfortable at a Senate hearing. The NHL somehow thinks Trump's threats against Canada are an excellent marketing tool for their little hockey game tonight. And Stephen A. Smith thinks it's an embarrassment that people keep saying he should run for president and by people he means himself and by embarrassment he means please somebody say it. C-Block (42:20) COMIC RELIEF: Two lighter stories. There's the weirdest thing ever said to me by an athlete in an interview, by the late hockey great Bobby Hull, who is posthumously in the news. And there was a flashback to my original MSNBC show at of all places The Animal Medical Center. And the flashback involved making fun of Wolf Blitzer.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The fascinating, untold story of the air we breathe, the hidden life it contains, and invisible dangers that can turn the world upside downEvery day we draw in two thousand gallons of air—and thousands of living things. From the ground to the stratosphere, the air teems with invisible life. This last great biological frontier remains so mysterious that it took over two years for scientists to finally agree that the Covid pandemic was caused by an airborne virus.In Air-Borne, award-winning New York Times columnist and author Carl Zimmer leads us on an odyssey through the living atmosphere and through the history of its discovery. We travel to the tops of mountain glaciers, where Louis Pasteur caught germs from the air, and follow Amelia Earhart and Charles Lindbergh above the clouds, where they conducted groundbreaking experiments. We meet the long-forgotten pioneers of aerobiology including William and Mildred Wells, who tried for decades to warn the world about airborne infections, only to die in obscurity.Air-Borne chronicles the dark side of aerobiology with gripping accounts of how the United States and the Soviet Union clandestinely built arsenals of airborne biological weapons designed to spread anthrax, smallpox, and an array of other pathogens. Air-Borne also leaves readers looking at the world with new eyes—as a place where the oceans and forests loft trillions of cells into the air, where microbes eat clouds, and where life soars thousands of miles on the wind.Weaving together gripping history with the latest reporting on Covid and other threats to global health, Air-Borne surprises us on every page as it reveals the hidden world of the air. Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://brandyschillace.com/peculiar/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Newsletter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://eepurl.com/ixJJ2Y⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Patreon: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/PeculiarBookClub/membership⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/@PeculiarBookClub/streams⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Bluesky: @peculiarbookclub.bsky.social Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@peculiarBC⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Facebook: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠facebook.com/groups/peculiarbooksclub⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Instagram: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@thepeculiarbookclub⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Send us a text lovethylawyer.comA transcript of this podcast is available at lovethylawyer.com. Judge Lise Pearlman was the first presiding judge of the California State Bar Court. She is now a bestselling author and speaker on historical legal cases. She has also served as chair of the Oakland Public Ethics Commission and president of Women Lawyers of Alameda County. Throughout her career, Judge Pearlman has presided over high-profile cases, contributed to legal ethics reforms, and written extensively on major 20th-century trials, including her recent book about the Lindbergh kidnapping case, Suspect No. 1: The Man Who Got Away. Her work sheds new light on historical events through meticulous research. In this interview, Judge Pearlman shares intriguing insights into the Lindbergh kidnapping trial, her views on justice and fairness in the legal system, and her thoughts on how lawyers can improve their advocacy. Tune in to this episode for a compelling look at history, law, and the pursuit of truth, and discover the surprising findings Judge Pearlman uncovered in one of America's most famous cases. The Lindbergh Kidnapping Suspect No. 1: The Man Who Got Away https://www.amazon.com/Lindbergh-Kidnapping-Suspect-No-Away/dp/1587904950Please subscribe and listen. Then tell us who you want to hear and what areas of interest you'd like us to cover.    Louis Goodman www.louisgoodman.comhttps://www.lovethylawyer.com/510.582.9090Music: Joel Katz, Seaside Recording, MauiTech: Bryan Matheson, Skyline Studios, OaklandAudiograms: Paul Robert louis@lovethylawyer.com

Eric and Eliot welcome Professor H. W. Brands, the Jack S. Blanton Chair in History at the University of Texas, Austin and the best-selling author of more than a dozen books on American History. They discuss his book America First: Roosevelt vs. Lindbergh in the Shadow of War (New York: Doubleday, 2024) touching on what drew him to the subject of the America First movement, the nature of the national debate on radio from 1939-1941, the transformation of the nation's default foreign policy of non-interventionism to globalism, the role of the Congressional fight over repealing the Neutrality Acts, Lindbergh's racialized thinking and anti-semitism, how the speech he gave in Des Moines at an America First rally in fall 1941 destroyed his national image and reputation, Lindbergh's personal character (and his multiple affairs with German women in the last twenty years of his life, the transition in elite thinking from hemispheric defense to a global posture of forward defense, the British and German influence operations to shape American public opinion before Pearl Harbor and the contemporary overtones of Lindbergh's non-interventionism, focus on future technology, and political naivete that are visible in Donald Trump and Elon Musk. America First: Roosevelt vs. Lindbergh in the Shadow of War: https://a.co/d/4Lr9jmh Shield of the Republic is a Bulwark podcast co-sponsored by the Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia.

In this episode, Paul Sparrow joins me to talk about the interesting and often challenging relationship between President Franklin D. Roosevelt and General Douglas MacArthur. Paul was the Director of the FDR Museum and Library for years and he has a book that came out in 2024 on FDR which is linked below. Links Awakening the Spirit of America: FDR's War of Words with Charles Lindbergh - and the Battle to Save Democracy by Paul M. Sparrow (Amazon) Mother of Tanks website (http://www.motheroftanks.com/podcast/)   Bonus Content (https://www.patreon.com/c/motheroftanks)

Join us for a look back at history that might tell us something about the present. Major sits down with author and historian H.W. Brands, author of the new book "America First: Roosevelt vs. Lindbergh in the Shadow of War." What does the pre-World War II period and historical figures like Charles Lindbergh mean for foreign policy today?See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Bruce Gernon is the only person in the world to witness what creates the Bermuda Triangle. Others have seen parts of this phenomenon and some have seen it but vanished. Gernon is the only one to see this from its birth stage through its mature stage and enter the heart of the Timestorm and escape through a Tunnel Vortex and experience a time warp of 30 minutes forward in time and 100 miles forward in space. After 31 years of research Gernon discovered how he had flown those 100 miles in such a short time and never seen the Earth or sky around him. He was captured by what he calls Electronic Fog. There are dozens of planes and boats that have been in this fog through out history. And there are dozens more that have crashed because it can induce spatial disorientation. Many have disappeared and some have even disintegrated. All of the people that have been in this fog thought they were traveling THROUGH the fog. Until Gernon's theory, no one ever realized it is similar to Saint Elmo's Fire; it attaches itself to the vessel and travels WITH it. Whatever happened to Flight 19-five navy bombers that vanished on a routine training mission-and the untold numbers of others who have disappeared in the Bermuda Triangle? What we learn from intrepid adventures like Christopher Columbus, Charles Lindbergh, and Bruce Gernon-the co-author of THE FOG-who survived frightening encounters in the Triangle and lived to tell the tale? THE FOG presents pilot Bruce Gernon's groundbreaking new theory of the Bermuda Triangle, based upon his own firsthand experiences, eyewitness reports from other close-call Triangle survivors, and leading scientific research. Gernon believes that a rare natural phenomenon may be behind many of the seemingly paranormal happenings in the Triangle, causing time distortions, pilot disorientation, and equipment malfunctions. But the notorious Bermuda Triangle hasn't given up all its secrets. THE FOG also explores the Triangle's connection to UFOs, a secret navy base, and a possible link to a vanished ancient civilization. - www.bermudatrianglefog.com and www.pares-wx-research.infoBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-x-zone-radio-tv-show--1078348/support.

Charles Lindbergh was the first person to do a solo trans-Atlantic flight. Men will really do anything to cheat on their wives!See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Jeff is joined by historian H.W. Brands to discuss the public and political battle between #FDR and Charles Lindbergh during the lead-in to #WW2. Were FDR’s policies pushing America slowly toward war, as Lindbergh asserted, or would they keep us out, as was FDR’s position? Of additional interest is how their disagreement fits into the […]

Jeff is joined by historian H.W. Brands to discuss the public and political battle between #FDR and Charles Lindbergh during the lead-in to #WW2. Were FDR's policies pushing America slowly toward war, as Lindbergh asserted, or would they keep us out, as was FDR's position? Of additional interest is how their disagreement fits into the long-running debate over America's role in the world - which was, in part, on the ballot in 2024. #foreignpolicy #intervention #isolation #americafirst Read Brands' book here: https://a.co/d/5MZ2KdG Host: Jeff Sikkenga Executive Producer: Jeremy Gypton Subscribe: https://linktr.ee/theamericanidea

When you're considered the world's oldest fraternal order and one of the oldest continuous organizations in history, you're probably gonna develop some secrets or at the very least the suspicion that you're hiding something. Enter the Freemasons. The Freemason origin is kind of like a choose your own adventure book where there's an option for all, depending on what you're into. You can go the biblical route, the conspiratorial route, or the one that just makes common sense. Regardless, Masonic Lodges exist in nearly every country on the planet. Their use of symbols alone is enough to drive any conspiracy theorist mad, not to mention the use of code words, secret handshakes, and the rituals. Some of the most influential men (it's a fraternal order so it's all dudes...mostly) have been known Freemasons. 8 signers of the Declaration of Independence, 13 of the 39 to sign the Constitution, 14 U.S. Presidents, Churchill, Mozart, Mark Twain, Charles Lindbergh and Henry Ford just to name a few. I mean with a roster like that there's gotta be something going on with these guys right? Why does the Catholic Church have a papal ban against them? Tune in as we attempt to unravel the mystery that is the Freemasons. Support the show

The Murder Sheet sits down with author Dean Jobb to discuss his new book on Arthur Barry, a fascinating Jazz Age jewel thief who charmed the masses with his exploits — and later unwittingly got tangled up in the case of the abduction and murder of Charles Lindbergh Jr. We will also discuss Jobb's work on the Victorian serial killer, Dr. Thomas Neill Cream. Check out Dean's website here: http://www.deanjobb.com/Support your local bookstore! Get Dean's book here A Gentleman and a Thief: The Daring Jewel Heists of a Jazz Age Rogue: https://bookshop.org/p/books/a-gentleman-and-a-thief-the-daring-jewel-heists-of-a-jazz-age-rogue-dean-jobb/20674930?ean=9781643752839Buy The Case of the Murderous Dr. Cream: The Hunt for a Victorian Era Serial Killer here: https://bookshop.org/p/books/the-case-of-the-murderous-dr-cream-the-hunt-for-a-victorian-era-serial-killer-dean-jobb/17215538?ean=9781643752501Listen to our episode with David Grann here: https://art19.com/shows/murder-sheet/episodes/3a4d8509-d482-468a-bf60-e1a00f775e68Support The Murder Sheet by buying a t-shirt here: https://www.murdersheetshop.com/Send tips to murdersheet@gmail.com.The Murder Sheet is a production of Mystery Sheet LLC.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

What role should the US play in international conflicts? Pulitzer prize finalist and historian H.W. Brands joins Sharon McMahon to discuss his latest book, “America First.” They dig into the America First movement inside the United States during the 1930s and early 40s. As World War II was raging, President Franklin Roosevelt was looking to gin up support for the US to help its allies fight the war. But celebrity aviator Charles Lindbergh and the America First Committee were standing in his way. Brands explains why Lindbergh's anti-intervention message was so appealing to Americans at the time, and how that message compares to the America First movement that is playing out today. Credits: Host and Executive Producer: Sharon McMahon Supervising Producer: Melanie Buck Parks Audio Producer: Craig Thompson To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Yesterday's Sports is part of the Sports History Network - The Headquarters For Sports Yesteryear.EPISODE SUMMARYJoin us for a captivating episode of Yesterday's Sports as host Mark Morthier welcomes Kristine Sader, the great-niece of former professional boxer Ace Hudkins, also known as the Nebraska Wildcat. Kristine shares insights from her book, "Boxing with the Nebraska Wildcat," which chronicles Ace's extraordinary boxing career from 1922 to 1932. Discover how Ace earned his fierce nickname, his transition from wrestling to boxing, and his relentless fighting style that led to an impressive record of 92 fights without a knockout loss.Kristine delves into Ace's journey from Nebraska to California, his remarkable ability to fight across multiple weight classes and his close encounters with boxing legends like Mickey Walker. Learn about the historic challenges Ace faced, including controversial decisions and near title shots, along with his post-boxing career as a stuntman in Hollywood. Tune in for a fascinating exploration of a boxing legend whose story continues to inspire!YESTERDAY'S SPORTS BACKGROUNDHost Mark Morthier grew up in New Jersey just across the river from New York City during the 1970s, a great time for sports in the area. He relives great moments from this time and beyond, focusing on football, baseball, basketball, and boxing. You may even see a little Olympic Weightlifting in the mix, as Mark competed for eight years. See Mark's book below.No Nonsense, Old School Weight Training: A Guide For People With Limited TimeRunning Wild: (Growing Up In The 1970s)CHAPTERS(00:45) Ace started wrestling before switching to boxing; by age 19, he had 45 fights(06:49) Ace fought in 92 different weight divisions and never got knocked out(12:30) Charles Lindbergh fought Ace Hutkins in 1927 at the Polo Grounds(17:15) In 1928, Ace fought Mickey Walker for the middle late title(24:19) Ace Dundee almost fought future heavyweight champion Max Baer(29:20) They wouldn't accept Wikipedia, but they wouldn't believe it(29:45) Tell us a little about what Ace did after retiring from boxing(32:23) Are any of these films, like, on YouTube or anything

In questa puntata di Dee Giallo Story Carlo Lucarelli racconta la storia del rapimento del figlio primogenito del famoso aviatore Charles Lindbergh.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Marshall Kosloff talks with Paul Sparrow about his book, "Awakening the Spirit of America: FDR's War of Words with Charles Lindbergh and the Battle to Save Democracy."

This week, I'm reading the sixth chapter of the Peter David penned movie novelization of the 1991 Rocketeer film.  This chapter introduces Eddie Valentine, the gangster doing the heavy lifting for Hollywood spy Neville Sinclair.  We get some backstory about Eddie that was not in the film as well as an early preview of Neville secret room where he sends encoded messages to his Nazi colleagues who want the rocketpack for themselves.  This is also the scene where Cliff and Peevy strap the rocketpack to a statue of Charles Lindbergh for testing and discover it may be a bit more unpredictable than they anticipated ... though Cliff is undeterred, much to Peevy's chagrin. As always, thanks for listening! ∞∞∞∞∞∞∞∞  Signup for the mailing list for a free special edition podcast, a demo copy of The Thirteenth Hour, and access to retro 80s soundtrack! Like what you see or hear? Consider supporting the show over at Thirteenth Hour Arts on Patreon or adding to my virtual tip jar over at Ko-fi. Join the Thirteenth Hour Arts Group over on Facebook, a growing community of creative people. Have this podcast conveniently delivered to you each week on Spotify,  iTunes, Stitcher, Player FM, Tunein, and Googleplay Music. Follow The Thirteenth Hour's Instagram pages: @the13thhr for your random postings on ninjas, martial arts, archery, flips, breakdancing, fantasy art and and @the13thhr.ost for more 80s music, movies, and songs from The Thirteenth Hour books and soundtrack. Listen to Long Ago Not So Far Away, the Thirteenth Hour soundtrack online at: https://joshuablum.bandcamp.com/ or Spotify.  Join the mailing list for a digital free copy.  You can also get it on CD or tape. Website: https://13thhr.wordpress.com Book trailer: http://bit.ly/1VhJhXY Interested in reading and reviewing The Thirteenth Hour for a free book?  Just email me at writejoshuablum@gmail.com for more details! https://13thhr.wordpress.com/2024/11/25/the-thirteenth-hour-podcast-485-and-like-a-hood-ornament-63-reading-the-rocketeer-movie-novelization-chapter-6/

7/8: America First: Roosevelt vs. Lindbergh in the Shadow of War Hardcover – September 24, 2024 by  H. W. Brands  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/America-First-Roosevelt-Lindbergh-Shadow/dp/0385550413 Hitler's invasion of Poland in September 1939 launched a momentous period of decision-making for the United States. With fascism rampant abroad, should America take responsibility for its defeat? For popular hero Charles Lindbergh, saying no to another world war only twenty years after the first was the obvious answer. Lindbergh had become famous and adored around the world after his historic first flight over the Atlantic in 1927. In the years since, he had emerged as a vocal critic of American involvement overseas, rallying Americans against foreign war as the leading spokesman the America First Committee.  While Hitler advanced across Europe and threatened the British Isles, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt struggled to turn the tide of public opinion. With great effort, political shrewdness and outright deception—aided by secret British disinformation efforts in America—FDR readied the country for war. He pushed the US onto the world stage where it has stayed ever since. In this gripping narrative, H.W. Brands sheds light on a crucial tipping point in American history and depicts the making of a legendary president. 1932

4/8: America First: Roosevelt vs. Lindbergh in the Shadow of War Hardcover – September 24, 2024 by  H. W. Brands  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/America-First-Roosevelt-Lindbergh-Shadow/dp/0385550413 Hitler's invasion of Poland in September 1939 launched a momentous period of decision-making for the United States. With fascism rampant abroad, should America take responsibility for its defeat? For popular hero Charles Lindbergh, saying no to another world war only twenty years after the first was the obvious answer. Lindbergh had become famous and adored around the world after his historic first flight over the Atlantic in 1927. In the years since, he had emerged as a vocal critic of American involvement overseas, rallying Americans against foreign war as the leading spokesman the America First Committee.  While Hitler advanced across Europe and threatened the British Isles, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt struggled to turn the tide of public opinion. With great effort, political shrewdness and outright deception—aided by secret British disinformation efforts in America—FDR readied the country for war. He pushed the US onto the world stage where it has stayed ever since. In this gripping narrative, H.W. Brands sheds light on a crucial tipping point in American history and depicts the making of a legendary president. 1941 FDR and First Lady

8/8: America First: Roosevelt vs. Lindbergh in the Shadow of War Hardcover – September 24, 2024 by  H. W. Brands  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/America-First-Roosevelt-Lindbergh-Shadow/dp/0385550413 Hitler's invasion of Poland in September 1939 launched a momentous period of decision-making for the United States. With fascism rampant abroad, should America take responsibility for its defeat? For popular hero Charles Lindbergh, saying no to another world war only twenty years after the first was the obvious answer. Lindbergh had become famous and adored around the world after his historic first flight over the Atlantic in 1927. In the years since, he had emerged as a vocal critic of American involvement overseas, rallying Americans against foreign war as the leading spokesman the America First Committee.  While Hitler advanced across Europe and threatened the British Isles, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt struggled to turn the tide of public opinion. With great effort, political shrewdness and outright deception—aided by secret British disinformation efforts in America—FDR readied the country for war. He pushed the US onto the world stage where it has stayed ever since. In this gripping narrative, H.W. Brands sheds light on a crucial tipping point in American history and depicts the making of a legendary president. FDR  9-11-1941

5/8: America First: Roosevelt vs. Lindbergh in the Shadow of War Hardcover – September 24, 2024 by  H. W. Brands  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/America-First-Roosevelt-Lindbergh-Shadow/dp/0385550413 Hitler's invasion of Poland in September 1939 launched a momentous period of decision-making for the United States. With fascism rampant abroad, should America take responsibility for its defeat? For popular hero Charles Lindbergh, saying no to another world war only twenty years after the first was the obvious answer. Lindbergh had become famous and adored around the world after his historic first flight over the Atlantic in 1927. In the years since, he had emerged as a vocal critic of American involvement overseas, rallying Americans against foreign war as the leading spokesman the America First Committee.  While Hitler advanced across Europe and threatened the British Isles, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt struggled to turn the tide of public opinion. With great effort, political shrewdness and outright deception—aided by secret British disinformation efforts in America—FDR readied the country for war. He pushed the US onto the world stage where it has stayed ever since. In this gripping narrative, H.W. Brands sheds light on a crucial tipping point in American history and depicts the making of a legendary president. 1931 Lindbergh in Japan

6/8: America First: Roosevelt vs. Lindbergh in the Shadow of War Hardcover – September 24, 2024 by  H. W. Brands  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/America-First-Roosevelt-Lindbergh-Shadow/dp/0385550413 Hitler's invasion of Poland in September 1939 launched a momentous period of decision-making for the United States. With fascism rampant abroad, should America take responsibility for its defeat? For popular hero Charles Lindbergh, saying no to another world war only twenty years after the first was the obvious answer. Lindbergh had become famous and adored around the world after his historic first flight over the Atlantic in 1927. In the years since, he had emerged as a vocal critic of American involvement overseas, rallying Americans against foreign war as the leading spokesman the America First Committee.  While Hitler advanced across Europe and threatened the British Isles, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt struggled to turn the tide of public opinion. With great effort, political shrewdness and outright deception—aided by secret British disinformation efforts in America—FDR readied the country for war. He pushed the US onto the world stage where it has stayed ever since. In this gripping narrative, H.W. Brands sheds light on a crucial tipping point in American history and depicts the making of a legendary president. 1941 Lend Lease 

3/8: America First: Roosevelt vs. Lindbergh in the Shadow of War Hardcover – September 24, 2024 by  H. W. Brands  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/America-First-Roosevelt-Lindbergh-Shadow/dp/0385550413 Hitler's invasion of Poland in September 1939 launched a momentous period of decision-making for the United States. With fascism rampant abroad, should America take responsibility for its defeat? For popular hero Charles Lindbergh, saying no to another world war only twenty years after the first was the obvious answer. Lindbergh had become famous and adored around the world after his historic first flight over the Atlantic in 1927. In the years since, he had emerged as a vocal critic of American involvement overseas, rallying Americans against foreign war as the leading spokesman the America First Committee.  While Hitler advanced across Europe and threatened the British Isles, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt struggled to turn the tide of public opinion. With great effort, political shrewdness and outright deception—aided by secret British disinformation efforts in America—FDR readied the country for war. He pushed the US onto the world stage where it has stayed ever since. In this gripping narrative, H.W. Brands sheds light on a crucial tipping point in American history and depicts the making of a legendary president. 1927

2/8: America First: Roosevelt vs. Lindbergh in the Shadow of War Hardcover – September 24, 2024 by  H. W. Brands  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/America-First-Roosevelt-Lindbergh-Shadow/dp/0385550413 Hitler's invasion of Poland in September 1939 launched a momentous period of decision-making for the United States. With fascism rampant abroad, should America take responsibility for its defeat? For popular hero Charles Lindbergh, saying no to another world war only twenty years after the first was the obvious answer. Lindbergh had become famous and adored around the world after his historic first flight over the Atlantic in 1927. In the years since, he had emerged as a vocal critic of American involvement overseas, rallying Americans against foreign war as the leading spokesman the America First Committee.  While Hitler advanced across Europe and threatened the British Isles, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt struggled to turn the tide of public opinion. With great effort, political shrewdness and outright deception—aided by secret British disinformation efforts in America—FDR readied the country for war. He pushed the US onto the world stage where it has stayed ever since. In this gripping narrative, H.W. Brands sheds light on a crucial tipping point in American history and depicts the making of a legendary president. 1941

1/8: America First: Roosevelt vs. Lindbergh in the Shadow of War Hardcover – September 24, 2024 by  H. W. Brands  (Author) https://www.amazon.com/America-First-Roosevelt-Lindbergh-Shadow/dp/0385550413 Hitler's invasion of Poland in September 1939 launched a momentous period of decision-making for the United States. With fascism rampant abroad, should America take responsibility for its defeat? For popular hero Charles Lindbergh, saying no to another world war only twenty years after the first was the obvious answer. Lindbergh had become famous and adored around the world after his historic first flight over the Atlantic in 1927. In the years since, he had emerged as a vocal critic of American involvement overseas, rallying Americans against foreign war as the leading spokesman the America First Committee.  While Hitler advanced across Europe and threatened the British Isles, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt struggled to turn the tide of public opinion. With great effort, political shrewdness and outright deception—aided by secret British disinformation efforts in America—FDR readied the country for war. He pushed the US onto the world stage where it has stayed ever since. In this gripping narrative, H.W. Brands sheds light on a crucial tipping point in American history and depicts the making of a legendary president. 1920s

Send us a textMeg spots the red flags “America's Dad” Bill Cosby planted along the way. Jessica learns that the Lindbergh Baby kidnapping case didn't die with the alleged murderer. Please check out our website, follow us on Instagram, on Facebook, and...WRITE US A REVIEW HEREWe'd LOVE to hear from you! Let us know if you have any ideas for stories HEREThank you for listening!Love,Meg and Jessica

VII El 1 de marzo de 1932, el hijo del famoso aviador Charles Lindbergh, Charles Jr., fue secuestrado de la casa de campo familiar en Hopewell, Nueva Jersey. Aquella noche, mientras Charles y su esposa Anne se encontraban en casa, la niñera del niño, Betty Gow, descubrió que no se encuentra. La policía halló varias pistas y una nota. Cientos de personas investigadas, decenas de giros en un caso, al que se le llamó, el juicio del siglo y a Richard Hauptmann como el reptil mas despreciable que se haya arrastrado por la tierra. El juicio de Bruno Richard Hauptmann, un inmigrante alemán, comenzó en enero de 1935 tras encontrarse en su poder parte del dinero del rescate. Hauptmann, defendido por Edward Reilly, negó cualquier implicación en el secuestro y asesinato, pero el fiscal David Wilentz presentó pruebas que lo relacionaban con el crimen, incluida la escalera que supuestamente utilizó. El caso conmocionó a la nación y generó una intensa cobertura mediática, además de cambios legislativos en torno a los secuestros. La familia Lindbergh se vio obligada a emigrar a Inglaterra en 1936 debido a la presión pública y el temor por la seguridad de su segundo hijo. La historia sigue siendo objeto de especulación y análisis debido a sus misteriosas circunstancias y los posibles errores judiciales. HAZTE MECENAS, no dejes que La Biblioteca, cierre Nunca sus Puertas… Sigamos sumando en LLDLL, SUSCRIBETE en IVOOX y comparte. GRATITUD ESPECIAL: Siempre a los MECENAS. Sin ustedes… esto no tendría sentido. SUSCRIBETE AL CANAL DE TELEGRAM: https://t.me/LaLamadaDeLaLuna PUEDES VER ALGUNOS VIDEOS DE LLDLL: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEOtdbbriLqUfBtjs_wtEHw Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

"Preview: FDR: Conversation with H.W. Brands regarding the covert methods FDR used to weaken Charles Lindbergh and his allies at the America First Committee. More later in the week." September 11, 1941 Fireside chat

SERIES 3 EPISODE 58: COUNTDOWN WITH KEITH OLBERMANN As Kamala Harris's lead among Hispanic voters nearly triples in less than a month, one of Trump's preliminary speakers at his Nazi Rally at Madison Square Garden attacks them. “These Latinos, they love making babies, too" says somebody named Hinchcliffe.“There's no pulling out. They don't do that. They come inside, just like they did to our country.” If a crass attack against 12% of the nation's likely voters would not cause enough damage to Trump in the final week, Hinchcliffe then added "There's literally a floating island of garbage in the middle of the ocean right now. I think it's called Puerto Rico." As even Florida Republican Senator Rick Scott attacks the remarks, a Trump flunky tries to distance itself from the extraordinary attacks saying they don't represent the campaign. At the same time, Donald Trump Jr re-posted video of the remarks. There is a day in each failed presidential candidacy where the losing candidate woke up with his chances of BECOMING president still intact, but went to bed with them irrevocably destroyed. I think for Trump that day was yesterday. The viability of his candidacy has largely depended on his growing support among Latinos.  450,000 residents of Pennsylvania self-identify as Puerto Rican – 127,114 of them in PhILLY and 33,531 in Allentown. 100,000 residents of North Carolina do so. 65-thousand in Wisconsin. 50,000 Michiganders. To say nothing of a million Floridians and a quarter million Texans. EVEN IF YOU'RE NOT HISPANIC THERE WAS PLENTY OF HATE TO GO AROUND: Stephen Miller echoes Goebbels. Elon Musk, Dr. Phil, Hulk Hogan and Tucker Carlson beclown themselves. just as the German-American Bund discovered in 1939 when they paraded the swastika into the old Madison Square Garden, there is something about parading Trump's backed-up sewer of hateful has-beens into the heart of bright blue New York City to scream their filth. Somehow the context, the location, underscores that they not only believe this, they not only see a future only for white people and others who have been approved BY white people, they not only think they are a majority, they not only think Trump is beloved, they not only think the tens of millions of us who repudiate their bestiality and their hatred and their racism are somehow just PRETENDING to repudiate these things but most of all, WORST of al these scumbags think they're going to get away with it. And against a fresh background, we are reminded what shame they have brought to us. Meanwhile the interior numbers for Harris continue to explode. In the ABC poll, likely African-American voters are now hers… NINETY to seven. The CBS poll has her up by 1 despite something curious in the very first interior number. She leads among women by 12 points. He only leads among men by nine. If that difference is correct, she wins.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

#Londinium90AD: Gaius & Germanicus consider Charles Lindbergh and the America Firsters against foreign entanglements 1938-1941.  Michael Vlahos. Friends of History Debating Society. @Michalis_Vlahos1927

We're continuning to dig into other would-be Julius Caesar presidents of American history. The men who never were nominated, and maybe never even ran, but who could have been either the great Man of the People who'd lead us to glory.... or terrible Imperators who tore us apart. I'll be posting a bunch of these throughout this week. This week, famous aviator and Nazi sympathizer Charles 'Lindy' Lindbergh. Yay. 

Subscribe to The Realignment to access our exclusive Q&A episodes and support the show: https://realignment.supercast.com/REALIGNMENT NEWSLETTER: https://therealignment.substack.com/PURCHASE BOOKS AT OUR BOOKSHOP: https://bookshop.org/shop/therealignmentEmail Us: realignmentpod@gmail.comH.W. Brands, Jack S. Blanton Chair in History at the University of Texas at Austin and author of America First: Roosevelt vs. Lindbergh in the Shadow of War, joins The Realignment. Marshall and H.W. discuss the ways that FDR and Charles Lindbergh's debate over American intervention in WWII parallel today's debates over Ukraine and Taiwan, the origins of the phrase "America First," why non-interventionism shouldn't be dismissed out of hand, why FDR won the "great debate" with the America First Committee, even before Pearl Harbor, and how Lindbergh's story offers lessons for humility when approaching politics and war from the outsider's perspective.  

Bestselling historian and Pulitzer Prize finalist H. W. Brands talks with Matt about his new book, "America First: Roosevelt vs. Lindbergh in the Shadow of War." Aside from delving into the history, they also compare and contrast Charles Lindbergh's movement to Donald Trump's MAGA movement. Order 'America First' today! https://www.amazon.com/America-First-Roosevelt-Lindbergh-Shadow/dp/0385550413 Support "Matt Lewis & The News" at Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/mattlewis Follow Matt Lewis & Cut Through the Noise: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/MattLewisDC Twitter: https://twitter.com/mattklewis Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mattklewis/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVhSMpjOzydlnxm5TDcYn0A – Who is Matt Lewis? – Matt K. Lewis is a political commentator and the author of Filthy Rich Politicians. Buy Matt's book: https://www.amazon.com/Filthy-Rich-Politicians-Creatures-Ruling-Class/dp/1546004416 Copyright © 2024, BBL & BWL, LLC

Henry Rollins explores the intricacies of record collecting, sharing stories from his book series "Stay Fanatic!!!" and discussing his commitment to preserving rare music artifacts (Pt 2 of 2). Topic Include: Response for records that are costing thousands of dollars Buying original Misfits singles then getting them gifted from the band Obtaining Dischord and Black Flag records and artwork Preserving flyers at the time they were made Backing up Ian's recording of The Cramps gig – Ivy holding the tape Collecting all the Black Flag gig posters when playing on the road Skipping meals to purchase archival page protectors Henry owns flyers and material that is the only known copy The scarcity of materials is a large attractor for Henry Lenny Kaye's review acetate for Iggy & the Stooges “Raw Power” Henry keeps collections together for preservation “Do Not Sell At Any Price” by Amanda Petrusich Logic for spending lots on a record you want Robert Johnson song found by Alan Lomax Urban labels putting out music from Record Stores Page Hamilton reckons Be-Bop is the angriest music Henry takes no days off of writing Listening to The Damned “Machine Gun Etiquette” every Friday Drastic Plastic's reissues of The Damned and The Cramps Henry plays The Damned “Strawberries” once each August Minor Threat opening for The Damned on Strawberries tour Charles Lindbergh left notes for future biographers Writing information and keep with records for future listeners Frustration on former owners who write or stamp on their records Regional pressings are so limited that copies with writing on it are only option Henry has a photographic memory for his record collection and condition Increasingly using software and laptops to track record collection Keeping records that he has nicer copies of – When possible, get 2 Process for preparing a record for adding to his collection What are the white whales Henry is chasing? Competing against a mythical nameless “German guy” “Stay Fanatic!!!” books are the way to share his collectibles Interview wrap up Order "Stay Fanatic!!! Vol 4" here Henry photo by Maura Lanahan Extended, Commercial-Free & High Resolution version of this podcast is available at: www.Patreon.com/VinylGuide Listen on Apple: https://apple.co/2Y6ORU0 Listen on Spotify: https://spoti.fi/36qhlc8

Happy Monday! Sam and Emma speak with David Austin Walsh, postdoctoral associate at the Yale Program for the Study of Antisemitism and college fellow at the University of Virginia, to discuss his recent book Taking America Back: The Conservative Movement and the Far Right. First, Sam and Emma run through updates on the Harris campaign's momentum, Trump's email problem, the DNC, Ilhan Omar's race, Trump's tough few weeks, Biden's medicare drug price negotiations, consumer protection policy, Israel's continuing genocide in Gaza, Ukraine's counter-invasion, and dropping violent crime rates in 2024, before basking in Trump and Vance's beautifully poor handling of the “weird” allegations. David Austin Walsh then joins, diving right into the major role of one William F. Buckley in shaping American conservatism in the second half of the 20th Century, presenting himself (and all of his bigotry) as the “rational Republican.” Stepping back, Walsh explores how Buckley, the founder of the National Review, came to be the resectable staunch anti-communist and anti-labor aficionado that just happened to have close ties to full-on Neo Nazis, looking at the roles of folks like Merwin Hart, Charles Lindbergh, and Russell Maguire in shaping the more explicitly racist antisemitic strands of Buckley's war on communism, before Barry Goldwater's major loss in 1964 (and the rise of the Civil Rights Movement) saw him begin to push away the electoral risk of rhetorical extremism. Expanding on this, David explores how Buckley's goal of obscuring the bigotry behind the policies of his party became a fundamental element of the conservative political apparatus in the decades that followed, with lines being drawn between the intellectual race science of the Bell Curve and the explicit eugenics of William Shockley, and other major talking heads like Rush Limbaugh and Tucker Carlson becoming media darlings while pushing the line of “respectability” further and further. After briefly touching on the important role of the “crackpot” extremist bigots in Buckley's political charade, Walsh steps back to analyze the role catholicism and theocracy have played in the background of this evolution, and wraps up with a brief assessment of the Right's willing embrace of reactionary populism over recent decades. And in the Fun Half: Sam and Emma dive deep into reports of the major disarray within the Trump campaign in the wake of Harris replacing Biden on the Democratic ticket, before taking in Dr. Tanya Haj Hassan's reflections on medical care in Gaza and the unmatched horrors facing Palestinians. The MR Team also has an expansive conversation on Harris' approach to Gaza, how her public stance on the genocide influences Biden and Bibi (if at all), and what they'd like to see from her moving forward, plus, your IMs! Check out David's book here: https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300260977/taking-america-back/ Check out the LIMITED EDITION Vergogna shirt on the MR shop!: https://shop.majorityreportradio.com/collections/all-items/products/the-majority-report-vergogna-t-shirt Check out Tony Y, who designed the Vergogna shirt's website!: https://linktr.ee/tonyyanick AND! Check out Anne from Portland's website for HER Vergogna t-shirt! INQUIRE MORE HERE FOR DETAILS!: https://www.bonfire.com/store/pictrix-design/ Become a member at JoinTheMajorityReport.com: https://fans.fm/majority/join Follow us on TikTok here!: https://www.tiktok.com/@majorityreportfm Check us out on Twitch here!: https://www.twitch.tv/themajorityreport Find our Rumble stream here!: https://rumble.com/user/majorityreport Check out our alt YouTube channel here!: https://www.youtube.com/majorityreportlive Join Sam on the Nation Magazine Cruise! 7 days in December 2024!!: https://nationcruise.com/mr/ Check out the "Repair Gaza" campaign courtesy of the Glia Project here: https://www.launchgood.com/campaign/rebuild_gaza_help_repair_and_rebuild_the_lives_and_work_of_our_glia_team#!/ Check out StrikeAid here!; https://strikeaid.com/ Gift a Majority Report subscription here: https://fans.fm/majority/gift Subscribe to the ESVN YouTube channel here: https://www.youtube.com/esvnshow Subscribe to the AMQuickie newsletter here: https://am-quickie.ghost.io/ Join the Majority Report Discord! http://majoritydiscord.com/ Get all your MR merch at our store: https://shop.majorityreportradio.com/ Get the free Majority Report App!: http://majority.fm/app Check out today's sponsors: Prolon: Right now, Prolon is offering The Majority Report with Sam Seder listeners 15% off their 5-day nutrition program. Go to https://ProlonLife.com/MAJORITY.  That's https://ProlonLife.com/MAJORITY slash MAJORITY for this special offer. Follow the Majority Report crew on Twitter: @SamSeder @EmmaVigeland @MattLech @BradKAlsop Check out Matt's show, Left Reckoning, on Youtube, and subscribe on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/leftreckoning Check out Matt Binder's YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/mattbinder Subscribe to Brandon's show The Discourse on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/ExpandTheDiscourse Check out Ava Raiza's music here! https://avaraiza.bandcamp.com/ The Majority Report with Sam Seder - https://majorityreportradio.com/

Paul Sparrow, who served as Director of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum from 2015 to 2022, has written the book Awakening the Spirit of America about the war of words between FDR and Charles Lindbergh in 1940-41.He joined host David Priess to discuss his path to the FDR Library, the history of presidential libraries, how the Roosevelt-Lindbergh war of words reveals much about the American experience before and during the Second World War, why Lindbergh never ran for president, the America First movement, Roosevelt's chaotic approach to intelligence, FDR's popular legacy, and more.Works mentioned in this episode:The book Awakening the Spirit of America by Paul SparrowThe book The Plot Against America by Philip RothThe book K is for Killing by Daniel EastermanThe book Those Angry Days by Lynne OlsonThe podcast UltraThe book Prequel by Rachel MaddowThe book The Wave of the Future by Anne LindberghThe book An Unfinished Love Story by Doris Kearns GoodwinThe book The Killing Shore by K. A. NelsonChatter is a production of Lawfare and Goat Rodeo. This episode was produced and edited by Cara Shillenn of Goat Rodeo. Podcast theme by David Priess, featuring music created using Groovepad.Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/lawfare. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

IN THIS EPISODE: An elderly Ohio retiree who looks like the famed aviator, Charles Lindbergh, wonders about a great-aunt's allegation that his mother switched her son in 1932 for the kidnapped Lindbergh baby in New Jersey. It's a far-fetched story – but many believe it might be true due to some amazing circumstances. Plus… given Charles Lindbergh's stature as an international hero, investigators in 1932 didn't consider the unthinkable... that Lindbergh may have killed his own son.SOURCES AND REFERENCES FROM THE EPISODE…“The Lindbergh Maybe” by Mark Price: https://wapo.st/2ZavF4v“The Murder of Baby Charlie” by JT Townsend: http://bit.ly/2HbaDMWWeird Darkness theme by Alibi Music Library. = = = = =(Over time links seen above may become invalid, disappear, or have different content. I always make sure to give authors credit for the material I use whenever possible. If I somehow overlooked doing so for a story, or if a credit is incorrect, please let me know and I will rectify it in these show notes immediately. Some links included above may benefit me financially through qualifying purchases.)= = = = ="I have come into the world as a light, so that no one who believes in me should stay in darkness." — John 12:46= = = = =WeirdDarkness® is a registered trademark. Copyright ©2024, Weird Darkness.= = = = =Originally aired: July, 2020CUSTOM LANDING PAGE:  https://weirddarkness.com/lindbergh-conspiracy/

If you are interested in the 1930s and 1940s, or have wondered how the rapid growth of authoritarianism in today's political climate mirrors that of WWII, this is an episode for you. Sharon McMahon is joined by author Paul Sparrow to discuss his new book, Awakening the Spirit of America. It's a story of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, his surprising opponent, Charles Lindbergh, and their war of words. Learn how far back the “America First” slogan goes, and how persuasive language changed the course of history. Special thanks to our guest, Paul Sparrow, for joining us today. Host: Sharon McMahonAudio Producer: Jenny SnyderProduction Assistant: Andrea Champoux Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.