Podcast appearances and mentions of Michael Schwarz

Carol and Michael Schwarz are both accomplished goldsmiths, not only living on Maui, but thriving as artists. They are now winding down in their careers and enjoying a slower, more balanced life tending to their land and creating beautiful gold jewelry with the mana of the island running through each piece.  When I found Carol and Michael I was intrigued by their off grid lifestyle and their ability to thrive as artists living in the most expensive state in the US. We talk about how they've been able to build a sustainable living over the years and how the beauty and energy of Maui inspires their work.  Carol shares her story of having a premonition that led her to Michael, marking the start of a magical journey together. We discuss how they work collaboratively and individually, how they prioritize aesthetic value over monetary value in their pieces, and the expense of have tools and casting investment shipped to the island. And friends, if you need a momentary break, I recommend that you head to their website after this episode and watch the video on their home page. There you will fly to their beautiful property and off grid studio. You'll see and hear about their process, a stone collection that I'm sure most of us would be envious of, and of course their beautiful work. Follow Carol & Michael... Instagram: @mauischwarzjewelry Website: cmschwarz.com Love the Podcast? Support an episode: Click here to learn more! Without your support I couldn't continue the Slowmade Podcast. Thank you so much!

In Episode 198, Dave engages in a roughly 30 minute long stream of consciousness as he rampages through a couple of the most recent examples of idiocy coming out of this administration and Washington as a whole. Articles discussed: Officials reject speculation NJ's mystery drones were used in search for missing radioactive item by Misty Severi from Just the News White House Aides Finally Reveal Who Really Ran The Country As Biden Slid Into Mental Incompetence by Reagan Reese from The Daily Caller Speculation Erupts as Biden and Harris Both Abruptly Cancel Their Plans and Rush Back to White House by Bryan Chai from The Western Journal Fani Willis disqualified from Trump's Georgia election interference case by Erin Doherty and Avery Lotz from Axios DOJ seeks to block Jan. 6 defendants from attending Trump inauguration by Alec Schemmel from Fox News Man Arrested After Allegedly Coordinating with Wisconsin School Shooter by Jack Davis from The Western Journal Vivek Rewrites 1500-Page, Pork-Filled Budget Bill Using Just 75 Words Dems and RINOs Will Despise by Michael Schwarz from The Western Journal Support Dave by visiting his Etsy shop at DesignsbyDandTStore Available for Purchase - Fiction: When Rome Stumbles | Hannibal is at the Gates | By the Dawn's Early Light | Colder Weather | A Time for Reckoning (paperback versions) | Fiction Series (paperback) | Fiction Series (audio) Available for Purchase - Non-Fiction: Preparing to Prepare (electronic/paperback) | Home Remedies (electronic/paperback) | Just a Small Gathering (paperback) | Just a Small Gathering (electronic) --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/contra-radio-network/support

In Episode 198, Dave engages in a roughly 30 minute long stream of consciousness as he rampages through a couple of the most recent examples of idiocy coming out of this administration and Washington as a whole. Articles discussed: Officials reject speculation NJ's mystery drones were used in search for missing radioactive item by Misty Severi from Just the News White House Aides Finally Reveal Who Really Ran The Country As Biden Slid Into Mental Incompetence by Reagan Reese from The Daily Caller Speculation Erupts as Biden and Harris Both Abruptly Cancel Their Plans and Rush Back to White House by Bryan Chai from The Western Journal Fani Willis disqualified from Trump's Georgia election interference case by Erin Doherty and Avery Lotz from Axios DOJ seeks to block Jan. 6 defendants from attending Trump inauguration by Alec Schemmel from Fox News Man Arrested After Allegedly Coordinating with Wisconsin School Shooter by Jack Davis from The Western Journal Vivek Rewrites 1500-Page, Pork-Filled Budget Bill Using Just 75 Words Dems and RINOs Will Despise by Michael Schwarz from The Western Journal Support Dave by visiting his Etsy shop at DesignsbyDandTStore Available for Purchase - Fiction: When Rome Stumbles | Hannibal is at the Gates | By the Dawn's Early Light | Colder Weather | A Time for Reckoning (paperback versions) | Fiction Series (paperback) | Fiction Series (audio) Available for Purchase - Non-Fiction: Preparing to Prepare (electronic/paperback) | Home Remedies (electronic/paperback) | Just a Small Gathering (paperback) | Just a Small Gathering (electronic)

2024 marks the 35th Anniversary of National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation, the third installment in Chevy Chase's Lampoon films. While the film was initially met with mixed reviews when it was released in December 1989, it has gone on to be considered a holiday classic, delighting audiences from multiple generations. A big part of the appeal is the laugh-a-minute script by 80s cinema icon John Hughes, who managed to wring biting sarcasm and genuine emotion out of the Griswold family's Christmas from hell. So join the Great Pop Culture Debate players as they refill their eggnog, take an imaginary dip in an inground pool, and bring out the rubber sheets and gerbils while reenacting the debating the Best Quote from National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation. Join host Eric Rezsnyak and GPCD panelists Karissa Kloss, Michael Schwarz, and Zack Derby as they check their shitters, and then debate 16 of the most iconic quotes from National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation. Play along at home by finding the listener bracket here. Make a copy for yourself, fill it out, and see if your picks match up with ours! For more exclusive content, including warm-up in which we discuss the quotes the panelists think SHOULD have made the bracket, become a Patreon supporter of the podcast today. Want to play along at home? Download the Listener Bracket and see if your picks match up with ours! Sign up for our weekly newsletter! Subscribe to find out what's new in pop culture each week right in your inbox! Vote in more pop culture polls! Check out our Open Polls. Your votes determine our future debates! Then, vote in our Future Topic Polls to have a say in what episodes we tackle next. Episode Credits Host: Eric Rezsnyak Panel: Karissa Kloss, Michael Schwarz, Zack Derby Producer: Bob Erlenback Editor: Bob Erlenback Theme Music: “Dance to My Tune” by Marc Torch Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Upon its release in March 1988, Tim Burton's Beetlejuice became an instant comedy classic. The macabre romp delighted audiences and critics alike with its out-there concepts, imaginative effects, and its cackle-inducing script, Beetlejuice is one of the most original film concepts of the late 20th century. Now in 2024, the sequel film Beetlejuice, Beetlejuice is due to emerge from the cinema Netherwold in just a few weeks. So join us as the Great Pop Culture Debate turns on the juice and sees what shakes loose as we determine the Best Beetlejuice Quote. Join Host Eric Rezsnyak and panelists Bob Erlenback, Jim Czadzeck, and Michael Schwarz as they turn on the juice and see what shakes loose while discussing the best Beetlejuice quote of all time. Great Pop Culture Debate is brought to you by Factor Meals. Visit factormeals.com/greatpop50 and use the code greatpop50 for 50% off your first box plus 20% off your next month. Check out the listener bracket to follow along at home! Make a copy, fill it out, and see if your picks match up with ours! Become a Patreon supporter of the podcast for bonus content, merch, and other great perks. Sign up for our weekly newsletter! Subscribe to find out what's new in pop culture each week right in your inbox! Vote in more pop culture polls! Check out our Open Polls. Your votes determine our future debates! Then, vote in our Future Topic Polls to have a say in what episodes we tackle next. RELATED EPISODES Best Tim Burton Film Best “Drop Dead Gorgeous Quote” Best Movie Monster EPISODE CREDITS Host: Eric Rezsnyak Panel: Bob Erlenback, Jim Czadzeck, Michael Schwarz Producer: Curtis Creekmore Editors: Eric Rezsnyak #beetlejuice #beetlejuicebeetlejuice #beetlejuicequotes #timburton #beetlejuicepodcast #moviequotes Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week's guest is the CEO and founder of Treeline Cheesemakers, Michael Schwarz. Treeline Cheesemakers is a dairy-free vegan cheese made in upstate  New York. We talk about his decision to become vegan in 2011 and how that compelled him to leave his job as a lawyer and build Treeline. Often business leaders speak in platitudes, but this is not one of those interviews. Michael brought conviction, clarity of our moral obligations, and a convincing rationale for why we all should be vegan. We talk about the science behind cashew cheese, how he landed his first clients, and how we all can do our part to stop animal cruelty.

iTech Minerals (ASX: ITM) managing director Michael Schwarz joins Small Caps to discuss the company's recent success in developing a significant graphite play on South Australia's Eyre Peninsula. iTech has achieved a significant 300% resource upgrade at its Eyre Peninsula graphite project. The upgraded Eyre Peninsula graphite project mineral resource estimate now stands at 35.2 million tonnes at 6.0% total graphitic carbon. Meanwhile, iTech has obtained exceptional recoveries of around 93% using an industry standard flotation circuit on a bulk concentrate sample of 3.4kg graphite from its Lacroma graphite project. The next step will be assessing the bulk sample with spheroidization and purification test work aimed at producing a purified spherical graphite product that meets industry standards for battery anode material in lithium-ion batteries. iTech is now processing to the next phase of developing this project aimed at helping the world meet the graphite shortages that many analysts are predicting over the next decade. According to Whatech, the global graphite market reached $35.6 billion in 2023 and is expected to reach $58 billion by 2031, growing with a CAGR of 6.2% during the forecast period 2024-2031. Articles:https://smallcaps.com.au/itech-minerals-high-purity-graphite-concentrate-production-lacroma/https://smallcaps.com.au/itech-minerals-resource-upgrade-eyre-peninsula-graphite/ For more information on iTech Minerals:https://smallcaps.com.au/stocks/asx-itm/See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Join host Eric Rezsnyak, GPCD panelists Kevin Dillon and Michael Schwarz, and special guest Jordan Morris ("Youth Group") as they discuss 16 of the most iconic Batman bad guys, covering decades of Bat-history and dozens of Bat-media. Play along at home by finding the listener bracket here. Make a copy for yourself, fill it out, and see if your picks match up with ours! For more exclusive content, including warm-up in which we discuss the villains we were bummed didn't make the bracket, become a Patreon supporter of the podcast today. RELATED CONTENT Best Marvel Villain Best Super Hero Movie Best Tim Burton Film TOP 10 Wonder Woman Villains Round 1 Match-Ups: Match-Up 1: Joker (1) vs. Man-Bat (4) Match-Up 2: Ra's Al Ghul (3) vs. Harley Quinn (2) Match-Up 3: Riddler (1) vs. Clayface (4) Match-Up 4: Talia Al Ghul (3) vs. Scarecrow (2) Match-Up 5: Poison Ivy (1) vs. Mad Hatter (4) Match-Up 6: Bane (3) vs. Mr. Freeze (2) Match-Up 7: Catwoman (1) vs. The Ventriloquist (4) Match-Up 8: Penguin (3) vs. Two-Face (2) Have a say in future episodes! Finally, if you want to have a say in what episodes we tackle next, vote in our Topic Polls! And we would love to have you pick your faves in the polls currently open for your votes! Subscribe to our weekly newsletter! EPISODE CREDITS Host: Eric Rezsnyak Panel: Kevin Dillon, Michael Schwarz Special Guest: Jordan Morris Producer: Bob Erlenback Editor: Bob Erlenback Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sir Ian Fleming's James Bond has been a Hollywood mainstay for more than 60 years. In that time, a handful of actors have brought to life the British super spy's thrilling adventures, and made box-office bank in the process. With the Bond property currently on hiatus as producers work on a bold new direction for the character, the Great Pop Culture Debate wants to look back at all the bombs, the bad guys, and the beauties to determine the Best James Bond Film of all time. Join Host Eric Rezsnyak, panelists Karissa Kloss and Michael Schwarz, and special secret agent Erik Slader from Podcasters Assemble! and several others shows in the We Can Make This Work (Probably) Podcast Network as they use their license to kill — arguments — as they work to name the Best James Bond Film. Check out the listener bracket to follow along at home! Make a copy, fill it out, and see if your picks match up with ours! Become a Patreon supporter of the podcast for bonus content, merch, and other great perks. RELATED CONTENT Best Super Hero Film Best Horror Film Franchise Best "Doctor Who" Companion Top 10 Bond Girls Have a say in future episodes! Finally, if you want to have a say in what episodes we tackle next, vote in our Topic Polls! And we would love to have you pick your faves in the polls currently open for your votes! Love Pop Culture? Subscribe to Our Free Weekly Newsletter! Every Monday we tell you about the new movies, TV shows, albums, and video games coming up this week, PLUS we spotlight podcast episodes, polls, and more! Subscribe today! EPISODE CREDITS Host: Eric Rezsnyak Panel: Karissa Kloss, Michael Schwarz Special Guest: Erik Slader Producer: Curtis Creekmore Editors: Bob Erlenback, Eric Rezsnyak #jamesbond #bondfilm #bondmovies Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In Episode 172, Dave discusses the parallels of Canada turning into a communist dictatorship and nearby residents of a blue city hell-hole in Louisiana breaking away and forming their own city. From there, he provides a review of the collee protests and riots before he begins a rant for a good 30 minutes about the potato-in-chief's latest series of missteps all under the guise of the upcoming election. Dave closes the show with news from the Fed's meeting and decision to NOT cut interest rates but throws in a preparedness article about how to become a ‘grey man' when society collapses so you can escape these cesspool Dem run cities. Good Times!! Articles discussed: This Canadian Town Makes QR codes Mandatory for Visitors | Know Why by TN World Desk from Times Now Are the Chinese about to 'deal a devastating blow' to America? by Frank Miniter from Fox News Biden calls Japan 'xenophobic' for not accepting many immigrants, compares to China, Russia by Timothy H.J. Nerozzi, Matthew Noyes from Fox News Biden administration finalizes rule that will open up ObamaCare to illegal immigrants by Kevin Killough from Just the News Biden Gets Even More Delusional, Says He Can Win Red State That He Lost by Michael Schwarz from Western Journal Fed holds rates steady as inflation casts doubt on future cuts by Megan Henney from Fox New Business Grey Man Secrets You Should Learn Before SHTF by Charl M from Ask a Prepper Support Dave by visiting his Etsy shop at DesignsbyDandTStore Available for Purchase - Fiction: When Rome Stumbles | Hannibal is at the Gates | By the Dawn's Early Light | Colder Weather | A Time for Reckoning (paperback versions) | Fiction Series (paperback) | Fiction Series (audio) Available for Purchase - Non-Fiction: Preparing to Prepare (electronic/paperback) | Home Remedies (electronic/paperback) | Just a Small Gathering (paperback) | Just a Small Gathering (electronic)

In Episode 168, Dave starts the show by discussing the craziness surrounding the solar eclipse. From there, he walks through several articles explaining why the left is in free fall and panicking in the run up to November. Articles discussed: Officials Along Path of Eclipse Quietly Declaring States of Emergency by Michael Schwarz from The Western Journal WSJ Poll: Trump Leads Biden in 6 of 7 Swing States by Sandy Fitzgerald from Newsmax Biden Moves To Strengthen Bureaucrat Protections As Trump Pledges To Gut Administrative State by Spencer Lindquist from The Daily Wire Democratic senator makes shocking statement about Obama-appointed Justice Sotomayor by Jack Birle from The Washington Examiner Available for Purchase - Fiction: When Rome Stumbles | Hannibal is at the Gates | By the Dawn's Early Light | Colder Weather | A Time for Reckoning (paperback versions) | Fiction Series (paperback) | Fiction Series (audio) Available for Purchase - Non-Fiction: Preparing to Prepare (electronic/paperback) | Home Remedies (electronic/paperback) | Just a Small Gathering (paperback) | Just a Small Gathering (electronic)

Drei Soldaten erleben im Krieg Wahnvorstellungen und werden von einer schwarzen Magierin verfolgt.

Today, I am joined by Michael Schwarz, Founder and CEO of Treeline Cheese. Michael grew up in South Africa, in a family of prominent opponents to the apartheid regime. It is there that he developed his sense of justice and fair play for all. He had always enjoyed fine European cheeses but when he found out just how cruel the production of dairy products is, he decided that he had to try and change things. So he gave up dairy and his 25 year career as an intellectual property lawyer and turned his attention to making vegan cheese. Treeline was born in his kitchen over a decade ago. Michael started selling his new cheese door to door, trying to convince stores to take a chance on what was then an unknown product. Treeline soon became a favorite at vegan markets and festivals. Treeline cheese is now available in thousands of stores nationwide, including Whole Foods, Sprouts, Wegmans and many independents. It was recently named best vegan cheese by tastingtable.com, thedailymeal.com and USA Today (of which I was one of the experts on the panel who created the list readers voted on!). Keep up with Treeline: www.treelinecheese.com Facebook: @treelinecheese Instagram: @treeline_cheese Mentioned in this episode: Farm Sanctuary Mercy for Animals Farm Animal Rights Movement (FARM) If you'd like to learn more about food allergens check out my interview with Heather Landex, Food Inclusivity Mentor and Expert. To connect with me:Follow me on Facebook and Instagram @didyoubringthehummus Join my mailing list and get 3 free recipes just for signing up! https://www.didyoubringthehummus.com/3recipepdf Join my Podcast Fan Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/didyoubringthehummus/ Book a free 30 minute call with me: https://www.didyoubringthehummus.com/book-online To be a guest on the podcast: https://www.didyoubringthehummus.com/beaguest ©2023 Kimberly Winters - Did You Bring the Hummus LLC Theme Song ©2020 JP Winters ⁠@musicbyjpw⁠ --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/kimberly-winters/message

Growing up in South Africa to a family of activists and witnessing the devastating effects of apartheid, today's guest, Michael Schwarz, had his moral compass set to true north at an early age.    Driven by a profound sense of justice and a desire to combat the deleterious effects dairy has on our planet, he decided to step away from a 25-year career as an intellectual property lawyer and change the food industry by launching Treeline cheese – an independent vegan cheese company.    Michael also appeared in episode 76, where we learned all about his remarkable upbringing, the incredible work his father did as a defense attorney – including the trial of Nelson Mandela, where Michael's father defended Mandela's co-defendant and won – and how he made the transition from being a lawyer himself to a vegan cheese entrepreneur.   So if you're interested in learning what it's like to run a small vegan cheese company in an era where conglomerates want to take over the industry with cheap knockoffs – and powerful entities like the dairy lobby of Canada are after you – you definitely want to tune in!    “Is the division of Kraft that makes plant-based Philadelphia ever going to be on this show and try to talk against what's going on in the dairy farms and the slaughterhouses that Kraft is supplying, or that are supplying Kraft? That's never going to happen. And if vegan food is now in the control of these large nonvegan companies, they will stifle voices for animal rights.” - Michael Schwarz   What we discuss in this episode: - How the Canadian dairy lobby is trying to block Michael's trademark. - The threat vegan products pose to Big Dairy. - How meat and dairy conglomerates are hurting vegan brands and working to inhibit progress. - Tips for consumers to navigate making purchases that align with their ethics.  - How Michael makes Treeline cheeses more environmentally friendly. - Why it's important to support smaller vegan brands. - Treeline's delicious new products and plans for the future.    Resources: - Treeline Cheese: https://www.treelinecheese.com/ - Switch4Good podcast episode 76: Ethics + Business with Treeline Cheese Founder Michael Schwarz - Switch4Good - Steven Colbert clip   ★☆★ Click the link below to support the ADD SOY Act! https://switch4good.org/add-soy-act/ ★☆★ Share the website and get your resources here https://kidsandmilk.org/ ★☆★ Send us a voice message and ask a question. We want to hear from you! https://switch4good.org/podcast/ ★☆★ Dairy-Free Swaps Guide: Easy Anti-Inflammatory Meals, Recipes, and Tips https://switch4good.org/dairy-free-swaps-guide SUPPORT SWITCH4GOOD https://switch4good.org/support-us/ ★☆★ JOIN OUR PRIVATE FACEBOOK GROUP ★☆★  https://www.facebook.com/groups/podcastchat ★☆★ SWITCH4GOOD WEBSITE ★☆★ https://switch4good.org/ ★☆★ ONLINE STORE ★☆★ https://shop.switch4good.org/shop/ ★☆★ FOLLOW US ON INSTAGRAM ★☆★ https://www.instagram.com/Switch4Good/ ★☆★ LIKE US ON FACEBOOK ★☆★ https://www.facebook.com/Switch4Good/ ★☆★ FOLLOW US ON TWITTER ★☆★ https://mobile.twitter.com/Switch4GoodNFT ★☆★ AMAZON STORE ★☆★ https://www.amazon.com/shop/switch4good ★☆★ DOWNLOAD THE ABILLION APP ★☆★ https://app.abillion.com/users/switch4good

It's hard to encapsulate a year in books. When looking at 2023, the obvious standouts are a slew of major, much-anticipated celebrity memoirs – Britney Spears, Prince Harry, Barbra Streisand, just to name a few. It appears we have a new buzzy fantasy series in the form of Rebecca Yarros' The Fourth Wing. But what makes the literary world so exciting and engaging is that there is truly something out there for everyone, you just have to know where to look. Lucky for you, we've got some recommendations. Join Great Pop Culture Debate panelists Bob Erlenback, Jennifer Chen, Kara Austin, and Michael Schwarz as they share their favorite reads of the past year in our Best of 2023 Books special. Love Pop Culture? Subscribe to Our Free Weekly Newsletter! Every Monday we tell you about the new movies, TV shows, albums, and video games coming up this week, PLUS we spotlight podcast episodes, polls, and more! Subscribe today! EPISODE CREDITS Host: Eric Rezsnyak Panel: Bob Erlenback, Jennifer Chen, Kara Austin, Michael Schwarz Producer: Curtis Creekmore Editor: Eric Rezsnyak Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In der heutigen Folge spricht Michael Schwarz über den Personalmangel in der Pflege, und wie eine gute Führung trotzdem möglich ist.

#103 Make Leitungswasser Great Again mit Michael Schwarz von FUNQDrei einzigartige Geschichten: selbstständig geworden, bei Agenturen, in Corporates und die überwiegende Zeit des Berufslebens bei Coca-Cola verbracht. Fast 15 Jahre waren es. Eine prägende Phase. Dabei wurde viel gelernt, viel erlebt und viel geschaffen. Doch der Wunsch wuchs, eine eigene Spur zu hinterlassen. Aus Erfahrungen und Verbesserungsideen etwas Neues zu kreieren. Also begann ein neues Kapitel von Grund auf. Mit dem Ziel, täglich kleine Veränderungen zu bewirken und vielleicht etwas Großes zu schaffen.Getränke kaufen, nach Hause tragen, kurz genießen und dann die Verpackung entsorgen oder sie zu Pfandbergen werden lassen. Es wird Zeit, Trinkgewohnheiten zu verändern! Leitungswasser wertzuschätzen und zu genießen? Klingt verlockend, aber was ist mit dem Geschmack? Hier kommt die Lösung! Es geht nicht nur um einen weiteren Sirup, sondern um mehr Qualität: Mehr Geschmack, mehr natürliche Zutaten, mehr Genuss beim Selbstmischen und viel weniger von dem, was man nicht möchte: Weniger Klebrigkeit, weniger Kalorien, weniger Zucker (genau genommen, ohne Zuckerzusatz) und weniger Abfall.Mit FUNQ' belebst du Leitungswasser. Erhalte mehr mit weniger!Lust auf neues Trinken?Fertiggetränke haben durch Transport, Kühlung oder Verpackung erhebliche Klimaauswirkungen.In Europa verbraucht jeder rund 120-180 Plastikflaschen jährlich² und schadet damit nicht nur sich selbst³, sondern auch dem Planeten⁴.Für die Liebe zum Leitungswasser87 % der Erfrischungsgetränke werden daheim konsumiert⁵ – wo in den meisten europäischen Ländern sicherer Zugang zu Leitungswasser besteht.⁶Selbstgemischte Getränke anstelle von Fertiggetränken reduzieren den CO2-Fußabdruck um mindestens 85%.⁷Mischen? Absolut möglich!Das ist die Mission! Mit FUNQ' eine neue Trinkkultur prägen. Es geht um das Was und das Wie des Trinkens.Das Ziel? Flaschengetränke überflüssig zu machen. Der Weg? FUN(Q') zum Leitungswasser hinzufügen! Erfrischender Geschmack, einfach selbst gemischt und so wenig Abfall wie möglich. Tschüss, Flaschen!Verifizierter Partner von OCEAN COStändige Optimierung und Nachhaltigkeit der Produkte sowie der Verpackung sind Grundprinzipien.Perfektion ist noch nicht erreicht. Die Verpackung besteht zu 82 % aus pflanzlichem Material und ist recyclebar – ein toller Schritt! Dennoch enthalten die Tetra Paks 3,2 g Plastik. Das ist aktuell noch gegeben, doch es gibt Ausgleichsbemühungen. Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Wie leben queere Menschen in der Region? Und welche Orte verweisen auf die Existenz queeren Lebens in Fulda und Umgebung? Das zeigt die Ausstellung „Queere Worte – Queere Orte“ im Konzeptkaufhaus KARL. Zu sehen sind ausgewählte Momentaufnahmen queerer Fotoamateur*innen aus der Region. Mit einer Einmalkamera hielten sie ihre Wahrnehmungen sowie ihre eigenen Inszenierungen queerer Orte in der Region fest. Jana Zentgraf und David Muniz-Hernandez, vom Hochschul-Projekt Akzeptanz und Vielfalt erzählen uns wie es dazu kam.

Since the TARDIS first appeared on telly screens via the BBC on November 23, 1963, The Doctor has had dozens of Companions -- typically ordinary humans who join the time-traveling alien on wild, wacky, wonderful, and sometimes scary adventures. With "Doctor Who" poised to celebrate its 60th anniversary this fall, and the show about to get a massive revamp courtesy of returning showrunner Russell T. Davies, returning Doctor David Tennant, and NEW Doctor Ncuti Gatwa, there's no better time -- or space -- for the Great Pop Culture Debate to determine the Best "Doctor Who" Companion! Join Host Eric Rezsnyak and Panelists Bob Erlenback, Kara Austin, and Michael Schwarz as they discuss and debate the Top 16 Companions, based on picks from our public poll. To listen to an extended version of this episode -- including our panelists' picks for the Companions that SHOULD have made the bracket -- become a Patreon supporter of the podcast. Want to play along at home? Download the listener bracket here and see if your picks match up with ours! Love Pop Culture? Subscribe to Our Free Weekly Newsletter! Every Monday we tell you about the new movies, TV shows, albums, and video games coming up this week, PLUS we spotlight podcast episodes, polls, and more! Subscribe today! EPISODE CREDITS Host: Eric Rezsnyak Panel: Bob Erlenback, Kara Austin, Michael Schwarz Producer: Curtis Creekmore Editor: Jeffery Perry Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Das Regionalmedienarchiv Osthessen ist ein privates Non-Profit-Projekt, an welchem wir in unserer Freizeit arbeiten. Die Macher haben es zur Aufgabe gemacht, jegliche Medien, die über die Region Osthessen handeln, zu sammeln, digital aufzubereiten und hier kostenfrei auf Dauer zur Verfügung zu stellen. Aktuell stehen hier ca. 1300 Videos, die ca. 260 000-mal angesehen wurden. Wöchentlich kommt sonntags um 8 Uhr ein weiterer Beitrag dazu. Beiträge für weitere Monate sind schon sendebereit. Rudolf Karpe ehemaliger Bildstellenleiter für die Schulen der Region hat mit seinem Sohn diesen Kanal gegründet und berichtet von der Arbeit.

Seit ihrer Kindheit interessiert Anne sich für Fragen rund um den Menschen - wie funktioniert der Körper, wie funktioniert der Geist, wie funktioniert die Welt? Rundum Mensch begann 2004 mit Körperlichen Angeboten. Mittlerweile liegt der Coaching-Fokus auf Resilienztraining und Autonomie-Entwicklung zu einer gesunden Selbstführung - für Firmen, wie auch für private Personen, die gerne Persönlichkeitsentwicklung möchten. Da schließt sich der Kreis zum Buddhismus, denn Achtsamkeit und Meditation sind wertvolle Tools zur Selbstführung. Außerdem bekommen wir etliche Einblicke in die private Anne und den privaten Shaggy.

In dieser Podcast-Folge sprechen wir über das Hype-Thema Künstliche Intelligenz (KI). Mario und Nina sind die beiden Köpfe hinter der ersten KI-Kunstausstellung in Fulda, die ab dem 5. Oktober 2023 im U1 im KARL Konzept-Kaufhaus in Fulda stattfindet. Mario, der sich als KI-Künstler hinter dem Pseudonym „BASD-ART” verbirgt, zeigt in der Ausstellung "Minds of the Machine" seine Werke, die mit Künstlicher Intelligenz entstanden sind. Was Euch bei der Ausstellung erwartet, wie es zu der Idee kam und warum es Mario und Nina von Berlin nach Fulda verschlagen hat, erzählen sie in dieser Episode. Wenn Ihr noch tiefer in das Thema KI eintauchen wollt: am 12. Oktober findet eine Lesung von Shaggy Schwarz und Literaturwissenschaftler Dr. Julien Bobineau im U1 statt, bei der Einblicke in die Anwendungsbereiche von KI in Text, Video und Kultur gegeben werden.

Knapp 100 Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene unseres Erzbistum München und Freising haben von 27.07. bis 07.08.2023 an der Fahrt des EJA zum Weltjugentag 2023 in Lissabon, Portugal teilgenommen - Von den „Tagen der Begegnung“ in die Vendas Novas - Erzdiözese Évora bis zu den Tagen in Lissabon hatten unsere Teilnehmer:innen zahlreiche Begegnungen mit Jugendlichen anderer Nationen. Sie konnten viele prägende menschliche als auch spirituelle Erlebnisse machen, die sie auf ihre Lebenswege mitnehmen werden. Lena Baumgartner (18), Niklas Schwald (16) und Michael Schwarz (20) erzählen in einem schönen Gespräch mit Eric de Lima von ihren Erlebnissen, besonderen Eindrücken und den Überraschungen, die sie in diesen Tagen in Portugal gesammelt haben. Sie nehmen uns mit zu ihren ereignisreichen Tagen des Weltjugentags 2023.

Host Eric Rezsnyak and panelists Curtis Creekmore, Joelle Boedecker, and Michael Schwarz eliminate the weakest links and crown a winner amongst the Top 16 reality-television competition series in TV history! Want to play along at home? You can! Download the listener bracket for this and every episode here. For additional reality TV content, and more related episodes, visit greatpopculturedebate.com. EPISODE CREDITS Host: Eric Rezsnyak Panel: Curtis Creekmore, Joelle Boedecker, Michael Schwarz Producer: Curtis Creekmore Editor: Jeffery Perry Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Host Eric Rezsnyak and Mouseketeer panelists Amy Pilott, Bob Erlenback, Derek Mekita, and Michael Schwarz debate the best rides currently operating at Disney theme parks around the globe. Which ride will win? Listen now! Want to play along at home? Click here to download the listener bracket for this episode. Want to listen to Part 1, where we debate the Top 32 down to the Sweet 16? Become a Patreon supporter at the $5 level or higher for that exclusive content. It's like a whole bonus episode! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this week's episode of the Mixtape with Scott, I interviewed Mike Luca, the Lee J. Styslinger III Associate Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School. Mike studies a variety of topics of high relevance to the underlying economic organization of the online sector, such as the design of online platforms, applied causal inference and data science. More to the point, his research helps organizations consume data or all types and produce insights that help them become more informed and about managerial obstacles and solutions. He is also the coauthor of "The Power of Experiments: Decision-Making in a Data Driven World" with Max Bazerman. This is part of my longer series on what I'm calling "economists in tech", which includes my interviews with:* Susan Athey (first chief economist at Microsoft, John Bates Clark award winner, and much more)* Michael Schwarz (current Microsoft chief economist), * John List (former chief economists at Uber and Lyft), * Chris Nosko (VP Head of Science and Analytics at Uber), * Kyle Kretschman (Head of Economics at Spotify),* Ronnie Kohavi (computer scientist with a long career in tech spanning decades, early promoter of A/B testing)This series is, I hope, particularly relevant to those PhD economists and adjacent workers, like data scientists and machine learners, within tech, but also those outside of tech wanting to learn more about the long story of the demand for and supply of PhD economists in tech — which I consider to be the result of a very disruptive, particularly important, technological shift that increased the value of the work that PhD economists do and can do, causing a long march of PhD economists into industry (which is likely to continue growing for a while). Which is itself part of my long term project to collect interviews that when pieced together in the longrun help tell at least a small sliver of the oral history of the last 50 years of economists across many disciplines, many parts of the world, many types of work, many departments, and beneath many influential watershed people and movements that I consider to be particularly interesting (to me). But in many ways, the oral history element, while meaningful to me, is also a convenient hook for me to listen to and help broadcast the personal stories of real people. Real people matter, and their stories matter, not because of how they connect to some larger thing, but as people in and of themselves. And as I say often at the start of each podcast, I am firmly in the camp of those who believe that we navigate our own historical lives through stories, and for many of us, that includes the personal stories of others. These stories, as I call them, function as models that help us understand ourselves as well as compasses as we try to plot out where we are in our journeys, and inform our decision making under uncertainty as we try to navigate our lives in a way that is consistent with our values and help us find our place in society. So thanks for tuning in! I hope you find this interview with Mike illuminating. Scott's Substack is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.Opening music by Wes Cunningham. Get full access to Scott's Substack at causalinf.substack.com/subscribe

Host Eric Rezsnyak and GPCD panelists Bob Erlenback, Jennifer Chen, and Michael Schwarz discuss their individual Top 3 picks for the best books of 2022. No debate, just a pop culture show-and-tell. Did your favorite books make the list? Follow the Show! – Mastodon: @gpcd – Twitter: @culture_debate – Insta: @greatpopculturedebate – facebook.com/greatpopculturedebate – patreon.com/greatpopculturedebate Credits Producers: Mike Rapin, Eric Rezsnyak Editor: Jeffery Perry Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Host Eric Rezsnyak and panelists Amy Pilott, Curtis Creekmore, and Michael Schwarz discuss the most memorable Christmas, Thanksgiving, and Hanukkah-themed episodes of TV series past and present. Make sure to download the listener bracket here! Follow the Show! - Twitter: @culture_debate - Insta: @greatpopculturedebate - facebook.com/greatpopculturedebate - patreon.com/greatpopculturedebate Credits Producers: Mike Rapin, Eric Rezsnyak Editor: Jack Kwait-Blank Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

TL;DR's first episode with not one, but two guests! Andreas Kogler from TU Graz stayed at CISPA for three weeks with Faculty Dr. Michael Schwarz's research group. Of course we took the chance to talk to our guest and his host about their past and current projects. With their research on side-channel attacks, they cost CPU vendors quite a few weekends and vacations. Michael and Andreas tell us how they found CPU vulnerabilities that left even them in disbelief and why security often comes at the price of speed.

iTech Minerals (ASX: ITM) managing director Michael Schwarz joins Small Caps to discuss the company's exploration and development activities across its Eyre Peninsula tenements in South Australia. The tenements are prospective for rare earths, kaolin and graphite, which are essential to the world's transition to a low-carbon economy. iTech's strategy is to provide an Australia-based alternative to critical minerals that are currently monopolised by China – particularly rare earths and spherical graphite. Articles:https://smallcaps.com.au/itech-minerals-releases-exploration-target-sugarloaf-graphite-prospect/https://smallcaps.com.au/itech-minerals-promising-metallurgical-results-campoona-graphite-ore/https://smallcaps.com.au/itech-minerals-releases-exploration-target-caralue-bluff-rare-earths-prospect/ For more information on iTech Minerals:https://smallcaps.com.au/stocks/ITM/See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this week’s episode of The Mixtape with Scott, I had the pleasure of interviewing Kyle Kretschman, Head of Economics at Spotify. It was a great opportunity for me because Kyle is one of the first economists I have spoken to who didn’t enter tech as a senior economist (e.g., John List, Susan Athey, Michael Schwarz, Steve Tadelis). Kyle entered tech straight out of graduate school. He spent much of his career at Amazon, a firm that has more PhD economists than can be easily counted. Under Pat Bajari’s leadership there, Kyle grew and his success was noticed such that he was then hired away by Spotify to lead up their economics team. At the end of the interview, I asked Kyle an economics article that has haunted his memories and he said “BLP”, which is affectionate shorthand that “Automobile Prices in Market Equilibrium” by Berry, Levinsohn and Pakes 1995 Econometrica goes by. I really enjoyed this interview, and despite the less than ideal sound quality at times, I hope you will too.But before I conclude, I wanted to share some more of my thoughts. This series I’ve been doing on “economists in tech”, which has included interviews with John List, Susan Athey, Michael Schwarz and Steve Tadelis, comes from a complex place inside me. First there is the sheer curiosity I have about it as a part of the labor market for PhD economists. As I have said before on here, the tech sector has exploded in the last decade and the demand for PhD economists has grown steadily year over year. Tech demand selects on PhD economists with promising academic style research inclinations. There is substantial positive selection in this market as firms seek out strong candidates can be produce value for them. This is reflected in both junior market salaries, but also senior. Job market candidates are economists with technical skills in econometrics and economic theory, not to mention possess competent computer programming skills in at least one but often several popular coding languages. They are also candidates who were often entertaining careers within academia at the time they entered tech, and in those academic careers, they envisioned themselves writing academic articles about research they found personally and scientifically important and meaningful. Going into tech, therefore, would at least seem to involve choice that may go far beyond merely that of taking one job over another. It may involve a choice between a career in academia and a career outside it, which for many of us can feel permanent, as though we are leaving academia. And for many economists, it may be the first time they have ever contemplated such a thing. If they do internalize the story that way, if they do see taking a job in tech as “leaving academia”, then I can imagine that for at least some economists, that may be complicated, at least. But there’s another reason I have been wanting to talk to economists in tech and that is I am very concerned about the welfare of our PhD students. In a recent article published in the Journal of Economic Literature, economists interviewed graduate students in top economics programs. They found there incredibly high rates of depression, anxiety, loneliness and even suicidality. This is a common feature of graduate studies, but it is interesting that PhD economists have incredibly good employment opportunities and yet the depression and anxiety plague there too. One of the things that struck me in that study was the disconnect between what graduate students felt about their work and what their advisors felt about their own work. Many students, for instance, do not feel they are properly supported by advisers, do not believe their advisers care about their research success and do not even care about them as a person. Whereas most Americans (and faculty) feel that their work has a positive impact on society, only 20% of PhD students in economics feel that way. (I discussed the article as well as my own research on the mental health of PhD students here.) I suppose part of me feels a great sigh of relief to see the labor market for PhD economists expanding in light of those troubling statistics. If students know that life is full of infinite possibilities, then perhaps they can begin to process earlier what they want to do in the short years they have on this small spinning ball of rock we call Earth. If students do not in the end want to become professors, if they do not have the opportunities to become one, they should know that there is no “failure” involved there. Careers are just that — careers. They do not tell us who we are. The sooner a student can detach from the unhelpful story that our value is linked to a vita listing our accomplishments, the sooner they can begin their own life work of choosing their meaning. Can having more labor market opportunities with more employers competing for them help do that? Well no, not really. At least, not exactly. It can disrupt certain equilibrium, but then the new equilibrium can just as easily cover that up too. Still, I do like the idea that to keep students in academia, universities and departments must fight harder for them, pay attention to them, and invest in them as people. I like the idea that students have more options and that the options are diverse. Will it help their depression? Well, that’s another matter, as that’s complex. And presumably the economists in the survey I mentioned were themselves well aware of the career options they had since they were coming from the nation’s top 10 PhD programs in economics. I suppose my point is that ultimately, the burden of life really cannot be resolved with money or career. We are trained to look there because we have boundless appetites. But ultimately the hard work of navigating life can only be helped so much by a job. We must still decide for ourselves what meaning we will choose for ourselves. But one thing I know, and one thing which I think our profession is profoundly bad at saying out loud, is that if we make our identity connected to vitas, we will not just be miserable, we will be hopeless, and probably poisoned. Such a mindset leads to endless laps on a brutalizing treadmill of meaningless performance in which a person chases for first place in a race they don’t remember signing up for and which they cannot win. They compare themselves with others running, not knowing that they too are brutalized by their own treadmill, not realizing that it is impossible to catch up with someone else as there is always someone else ahead of us. The sooner we learn that the joy we long for will not come when we get a top 5, the sooner we can look elsewhere. It has taken me many years to relearn a lesson I learned decades ago — I am whole now. I am complete now. I still run, and I still chase, but I am not chasing completeness. I am not chasing my own wholeness. Being whole and complete has nothing to do with a career. Careers are ultimately orthogonal to hope, which does not mean they do not matter — they absolutely matter. But if asked to deliver meaning, we will find that our jobs are as weak as wet spaghetti at such a task as that.So, I suppose in some ways I simply want to announce — there are incredible opportunities for economists inside government, commerce and academia. But the weight of this life is not likely to be lighter in any one of them, for the weight we feel in life is largely self imposed, inside us, in the stories we tell about who we are and for many of us who we are not. Those stories are real, because we feel them and because we believe them, but they are not true. All stories are wrong, but some are useful, and the story that our lives can only matter if we have certain types of jobs or certain types of success, while it may be useful to getting a paper out or accomplishing something important, in a much bigger sense it is hollow at best and pure poison at worst. TRANSCRIPTThis transcript will be updated once the more complete transcript is finished; for now it was transcribed using voice-to-text machine learning.Kyle Kretschman:Might not have prepared myself well enough to be attractive for some of the most pop most top tier schools. Scott Cunningham:In this week's episode of the mix tape with Scott, I had the pleasure of interviewing Kyle kretchma the head of economics at the streaming platform. Spotify. Before I dive into the interview, though, I wanted to give you a bit of a heads up about the sound quality. Unfortunately, the sound quality in the interview on Kaza side is a bit muffled. We discussed refilming. It tried to find a way to tweak it, but there were certain constraints on the actual sound itself that kept us from being able to do it. And we didn't feel that refilming, it would be good because we thought that the interview had a lot of serendipitous kind of spontaneous tangents and things spoken about that. We thought students and people in academia would want to know, would need maybe even need to know. And I doubted that I could recreate it, cuz I don't even know why it happened. Scott Cunningham:So I'm gonna post a video version of this at my subs, for those who feel that a video version would help them kind of follow it in so far as the audio might be at times challenging. So check out the subst for those of you that wanna watch, watch it instead of just listen to it, hopefully that'll help. I won't say much here by way of introduction, except to say a few things about Kyle, because I wanted to let Kyle tell you his story in his own words, cuz it's his story to tell. And it's an interesting story. Kyle's a PhD economist though from the university of Texas Austin, which is down the road from where I live and work at Baylor, where he wrote on topics in graduate school and applied econometrics, empirical industrial organization or empirical IO and public choice after graduating, Kyle went to Amazon, not academia. Scott Cunningham:In fact, given we might start the boom of tech hiring PhD economists in the early to mid 20 2010s. You could say Kyle maybe was sort of one of the earlier hires among that second wave of PhD economists that went there. He worked for several years at Amazon before being hired away by Spotify to head up and lead a new economics team there, perhaps this is part of a broader trend of tech firms building up more internal teams, not just of data scientists, but like Amazon departments of economists who knows recall though from an earlier interview with Susan athe where, when I asked Susan why she said pat Maja had done something amazing at Amazon, she said he made economists productive. And in time he made many of them productive and very in productive from what I've been able to follow. And Kyle is from what I can gather someone whose skills matured and deepened under the leadership of Papa jar at Amazon and other leaders at and other economists at Amazon. Scott Cunningham:And he was ultimately hunted down by a major tech term to create an economics team there I'm by no means an expert on the labor market for PhD economists. I just have been very intrigued and curious by the, the, the Mar the labor market for PhD economists in tech, because well, partly because of realizing first that cause of inference was really valued in tech, but then to sort of realize that there was just this very large community of economists there, but I don't think it's controversial to say over the last 10 to 15 years, the tech industry really has been disruptive in the labor market for PhD economists. They continue to hire at the junior and senior market in larger and larger volume selecting more and more on people who likely would've gone into academia into tenure track or tenured positions. They pay very high wages, some of the very, some of the highest wages in the country, both at the junior level and especially at the, at the higher end at the, at the more advanced levels, people can earn compensation packages by the, in the, by the time they're in their thirties, that many of us didn't know were possible. Scott Cunningham:It's in my mind, historically novel, and I might be wrong about this, but it, it seems historically novel that the PhD economists who likely would've produced academic research papers in tenured and tenure track jobs have begun to branch out of academia, but maintain those skills and maintain that research output. It's partly driven best. I can tell, buy Amazon, I might be wrong, but by Amazon and paja, as well as Jeff Bezos own view, that economists are what I guess we would just say value added for many firms. Therefore I'm continuing to wanna speak with economists in tech to help better trace out the story. This interview with Kyle follows on the back of earlier interviews with people in tech like John list, you know, a, a distinguished professor of economics at the university of Chicago, but also the former chief economist that Lyft and Uber now Walmart Michael Schwartz, former professor of economics at Harvard. Now, chief economist at Microsoft and Susan athe former chief economist at Microsoft professor at Stanford and now chief economist at the DOJ. I hope you find this to be an interesting dive into the industry. Learn a little bit more about economists there, but by, by learning the about one particular important economist, there a, a young man named Kyle crutch, head of economics at Spotify, my name's Scott Cunningham. And this is the mix tape with Scott. Scott Cunningham:Well, it's my pleasure today to have, as my guest on the mix tape with Scott, Kyle crutch, Kyle, thanks so much for being on the call. Kyle Kretschman:Hey Scott, thanks for having me really appreciate the time to talk Scott Cunningham:Well before we get started with your career and, and everything. I was wondering if you could just tell us your name and your title and where you work. Kyle Kretschman:Sure. Yeah. As you said, I'm Kyle kretchma, I'm the head of economics at Spotify, Scott Cunningham:Head of economics at Spotify. Awesome. Okay. I can't wait to talk. So let me, let me, let's get started. I was wondering if you could just tell me where you grew up. Kyle Kretschman:Sure. So most of the time I grew up in outside of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, about an hour north of the city, real real small town probably had one stop light. And maybe the, the funny story that I can share is what I took my wife there. She asked where's the Starbucks. And I said, no Starbucks here. There's no Scott Cunningham:Starbucks. Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. So pretty small town called Chippewa township in Pennsylvania. Scott Cunningham:Oh, okay. Is that near like Amish stuff or anything like that? Kyle Kretschman:No, that's the other side of the state. So this would be Western Pennsylvania about near the end of the turnpike, about five minutes from the Ohio border. Scott Cunningham:Oh, okay. Okay. You said, but you, did you mention, you kind of grew up in different places? Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. So before that, my father worked in civil engineering and so would do build roads and bridges basically across every, across the nation. So I was actually born in Louisiana, lived there with, I think for a whole two, three weeks. I don't quite remember. Cause I was pretty young obviously, but then Michigan and then spent some time in Philadelphia before moving out to Pittsburgh around second grade. Scott Cunningham:Oh, that's kinda like, that's like when people described their parents being in the military, just kind of moving around a lot. Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. A little bit. So, but Scott Cunningham:Then you settled in the second grade Kyle Kretschman:That's right. Yeah. So outside of Pittsburgh and then stayed in Pittsburgh through high school and even through undergrad. Scott Cunningham:Oh, okay. Oh, you went to undergrad in Pennsylvania. Kyle Kretschman:Yeah, I did. So I went to undergrad at the university of Pittsburgh. Oh, okay. It was, yeah. If, I guess maybe continuing the story growing up in a town with no Starbucks. I was, I was pretty intrigued by going to a city. Yeah. And find out that lifestyle and yeah, we might have lived pretty close, like an hour away, but we didn't go down to the city very much. So Pittsburgh was just really, really enticing for a city to, for, to go to undergrad in. And so I basically looked at all schools that were in cities and so the proximity plus then the, the ability to just spread my wings and explore what it's like to be in a city was really, really enticing. Scott Cunningham:Did any of your friends go to pit with you? Kyle Kretschman:Yeah, so there's probably, I grew, I graduated from a class of about a little over 200 people in high school and I think there was like five or six people from high school that went to pit for my class. So definitely had some really good friends who went and kept in touch with, through undergrad. Scott Cunningham:Mm. Yeah. So it wasn't, were you sort of an early generation or you weren't, were you a first generation college student in your family or did your parents go to college Kyle Kretschman:Combination? So my dad went to Penn state civil engineer, as I mentioned, me and my mom actually graduated from undergrad the same week. So my mom went back to school later in life after me, after we went to school. And so yeah, we, we were able to celebrate graduation cuz she went to a small private school right outside of the city also. Scott Cunningham:Oh, okay. Okay. Yeah. Well, so what did you like to do in high school? Kyle Kretschman:So I played a lot of sports before high school and then I kind of switched into, and this was a traditional sports of football, basketball, baseball, but then I switched into tennis in high school. And so that kept me busy, but along with a lot of academics and really, really liked computer science. So played a lot of video games growing up, really enjoyed like that aspect in combination. Scott Cunningham:What games were your, were you, did you play on a, on a video game, plat platform? Like an Nintendo or did you play? Kyle Kretschman:Yeah, no, we played a lot of plays very much into like role playing games. Some of the arcade games like Marvel versus Capcom. So yeah. Yeah. Very, very interested in gaming. Yeah. Maybe I was a little too early for that. Cause you know, every, everybody in the 1990s was like, oh, I could make pu money playing video games, which wasn't true back, which wasn't true back then, but that's right. You know, nowadays Scott Cunningham:You can that's right. Yeah. You know, that's right. You can do it. There's all kinds of ways you can make money doing things today that nobody knew was possible 10, 10 or 15 years ago. Even Kyle Kretschman:My Scott Cunningham:That's cool. Yeah. I, I, it's funny, you know, computer games can keep a, keep a kid in high school going, you know, like especially I think they're kind of misunderstood. I, I had a lot of friends that, well, I mean, I, I, I had, when I didn't have a lot of, we moved from a small town in Mississippi to Memphis and I, those, those that first year when I didn't have a friends, I did bulletin boards and played Sierra online games like Kings quest. And it's like, it's like, you know, not intertemporal smoothing, but like inner temporal socializing, smoothing, you know, so that you just kind of get through some periods that would otherwise be a little lonelier. Kyle Kretschman:Yeah, for sure. And I mean, I mean for this audience, like most video games are some sort of form of constrained optimization. So there was, there was the inkling that I, I liked understanding how economies worked in high school through this and yeah. Going back to my mom, my mom always said like she encouraged it and she encouraged education. And there was actually kind of like that nexus, whenever I took economics in high school, it was like, oh, you know, some of these games really are full economies that are constrained and constrained in a way that you can understand and complete in, you know, under a hundred hours. Right. But there was that combination that was kind of showing itself of computer science, computer gains and economics of putting itself together. Scott Cunningham:So you were kind of thinking even in high school about economics in that kind of like, you know, optimizing something and like, like almost that modern theory that we get in graduate school. Kyle Kretschman:I think more, I had the intuition when I didn't have know how to say what it was in high school because my high school was pretty forward and that it offered both advanced computer science courses that could get you through definitely through first year of undergrad, maybe even through second year with advanced placement. And then they also offered advanced placement economics. And so I, I ended up taking advanced place in economics my junior year when most people took senior year. And so whenever I was going small Scott Cunningham:Town, even in that small town, they had, you had good your high school. Good econ. Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. It was a real, it was a really good high school that would put together good curriculum that did a lot of college preparatory work though. They, wow. They really leaned into the advanced placement, the AP courses to get students ready to go to school. Scott Cunningham:Wow. Wow. So even at, as a junior, you're taking AP econ, you know, you don't have to take AP econ. That kind of is say that, that sounds like somebody that was kind of interested in it. Kyle Kretschman:Yeah, very much. Yeah. And again, as soon as I, I definitely didn't get to the graduate level of understanding, like, you know, LaGrange multipliers, but the, the micro and macro sequence just made intuitive sense to me. It was like, it was kind of where I was like, yeah, this fit. And this is how I think. And some people might criticize me now that I think too much like an economist. Right. Like, but at the same time, it just like, it started to put together that language and even more so some of the frameworks that really kind of drew me into it. Scott Cunningham:Well, did you, did you, did you notice that you had this interest in computer science and this interest in economics and that they might be one, did you get a feeling that they could be in conversation with each other? Kyle Kretschman:Not Scott Cunningham:At first, our ancestors a hundred years ago. Didn't, you know, those economists didn't think that way, but now it's just so natural for this generation of economists to be almost one half, you know, one third mathematician, one third economist, one third computer scientist. Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. So not at first, but I, I feel like I made have like lucked into it, honestly, because whenever I chose to go to Pitt, I chose to start as computer science because I knew what that pass was. I was inspired by my older brother, the great teacher in high school. And like, I was definitely like, okay, a software software development engineer career is great. It's cutting edge. It's there. But after probably like the first year, it just didn't feel that end state didn't feel right. And so I made kind of the hard decision to choose, honestly, to switch into economics as a major, because I wasn't sure what the end state would be, where I was going with it. Cuz it was definitely felt more amorphous, you know, it's a social science, so yeah. It didn't feel like it was gonna be as clear cut and as, and have as much certainty. But pretty quickly, like after a year was like, oh, well we're doing, we're using E views at the time. All right, this is coding. I know how to do this. This is great. Right. And starting, starting to see some of that in undergrad was like the, kind of the aha moment that like, yeah, this is, this is a place where I can apply this love of coding and problem solving, but problems and solutions that I find really, really hard and interesting. Scott Cunningham:It was because of econometrics though. It was in that. Kyle Kretschman:Exactly. Yeah, yeah. Scott Cunningham:Yeah. Wow. That's, that's really interesting because you know, I think it's still the case that, you know, you can easily end up with an econometrics class that remains purely theoretical and doesn't end up, you know, exposing the student with a lot of actual coding, but it sounds like your professors were, were getting you into working with data. Kyle Kretschman:That's correct. Yeah. Both. Both within the class. So like I said, we used E views at the time. Yeah. And again, kind of like learning as a go, I, I don't think I really knew what I was doing whenever we were typing commands and E views, but the computer scientist in me was like, okay, well this is a function. I know functions. Didn't put outputs, but definitely didn't understand necessarily things that were going under the hoods or you know, all of the theory that goes with it. Oh, right, right, right. So it was, you Scott Cunningham:Knew the coding part, you knew you were coding, but you did, but like the, the actual statistical modeling was kind of the new part, but that was a way for you to kind of engage it a little bit. Kyle Kretschman:Yep, exactly. Scott Cunningham:Oh, that's interesting. That's interesting. Well, so what were you gonna have to choose between a computer science and an econ major did or did you end up doing both? Kyle Kretschman:So I chose an econ major, but then I had what I would call basically minors or concentrations in computer science, but then also in statistics and also in math, because once, once I had an internship at a bank and was doing data entry and I was like, eh, I don't think this is what I wanna use my economics degree for. Yeah. I had a couple professors at pit named Steve Houston and Frank Giani who brought me on as a research assistant, an undergrad to start being part of some of like their survey projects and data collection. And even, even one of 'em I don't, Steve was crazy, but he even let me TA classes on undergrad, so oh, wow. But he kinda, I mean, I, I say that jokingly because it was formative for me, it was like, okay, this is great. How do I do more of this? And he was like, well, you go get your econ PhD. And I was like, so I can be a teacher with computer science and doing economics altogether. He goes, yeah, let's do that. And so it was with the help and support of some of these really good professors and education to kind push me on this path consider to get Ancon PhD. Scott Cunningham:Mm. And that's when you were like, so how, how, what, what year would you have been in your program? Kyle Kretschman:Probably. I think I was in my junior year where I was starting to explore this. And then in my senior year is where I was like, okay, I'm actually gonna be doing more more of this and applying to grad school because going back, as I said, I entered with some credits. So my senior year was very, I didn't need a full course load. So I was looking for other things to keep me busy, which maybe, maybe that's one of the themes of this conversation is I kinda kind of like the variety and really have variety seeking behavior too. Yeah, Scott Cunningham:Yeah, yeah. Yeah. So you graduate, was there like a field that you were mostly interested in? Kyle Kretschman:I thought I would be going into macro economics. Macro. Yep. Yeah, because Steve worked on the council of economic advisors and I was really inspired by that and the application of economics within, within policy and just again, always applied economics, not necessarily theoretical. So yeah. Then again was, that would be sort of like labor and macro was like the initial idea, but finally Scott, I didn't do all my homework and like, think about like what grad school looked like or all it looked like. I kind of went a little bit more naive than I think other people with, again, ideas of how I could become like a teacher, an educator with some of these tools versus like how disciplined and single thread you need to be on research to be within an econ PhD program and to see that. Scott Cunningham:So you, so you kind of were like, so when you were thinking about graduate schools, what, how, what, what did you sort of, can you walk me through like what you were thinking and how you went about trying to apply to graduate school and where you ultimately chose? Kyle Kretschman:Yeah, sure. So applied probably the, the top 10 and the top 10 probably said no thanks. But also then was targeting specific schools that we had relationships with that I knew would provide computer science and macros. So university at the Iowa at the time, this was 2000 and had a really strong macro program. And then also at the university of Texas with Dean Corbe there, they also had one in Russ Cooper. And so those were like the two that I was like targeting at outside of what the top schools were. But yeah, as I, I kind of mentioned, I, I might not have prepared myself well enough to be attractive for some of the most pop with top tier schools because kind of, you know, as I said, bounced around and would be yeah, a little bit working on it a little bit different things and have computer science versus being solely focused on like economics and math and things that might be more of what the top tier schools were looking for. Scott Cunningham:Yeah. Yeah. You know, you know, it's like the, I mean, I'm the same way. I didn't ha have any econ classes in college. I was a English major, but the, the, the diff there's so many students that sort of seem to almost for whatever reason, know a lot sooner what they want to do and then like make those choices. And then there's just many of us that are, you know, in a process of search yeah. That when you're in a process of search, well, you, you know, by definition, that's like you're using that time to search. Kyle Kretschman:That's exactly right. As Scott Cunningham:Opposed to saying, I've gotta take, I've gotta become a triple major computer science, math, econ, and have to do like, you know, these set of these set of steps that, you know, there's no way I could even have known to do it unless somebody had told me it's weird. I mean, it's just funny how the little things can have such big repercussions for your whole life, but it's, but it, it worked out great. So you end up, where do you end up going? Kyle Kretschman:I went to the university of Texas at Austin. Scott Cunningham:Yeah. Yeah. What year was that? And Kyle Kretschman:So, so this would've been 2002. Scott Cunningham:Oh, okay. So you go to oh 6 0 7. Kyle Kretschman:Okay. And so ended up working. So I ended up working a lot with Jason, Ava. Yeah. And who came in and became the, the head of the department. Yeah. Applied econometrician who just did an amazing job going back to whenever I said, I didn't know how things worked under the hood, in those formulas. He didn't even let us use those formulas. So anytime we were doing applied econometric econometrics with them, not only we learning to teach, we're learning the theory, but he said, you have to code it yourself. You have to do the matrix algebra, you have to calculate standard errors. You can't really call those functions. So that was probably again, that wasn't until the third year, but yeah, in the first year to go back a little bit, Scott Cunningham:I, that played to your strengths though. I bet that played to your strengths. Yeah. Just at the end of the day, wanting to be someone that, that wrote down the raw code. Kyle Kretschman:That's exactly right. And, but the first year I didn't play my strength. Yeah. Yeah. So the first year I felt, I felt a little bit outta water and I was like, this is, I remember when we were proving what local non association. And I was like, this is, this is one hard, but also like, again, going back to like, that is this actually how I wanna be spending my time and right. I, I was like, yes, I do. But I was like, I, I knew that I needed to get to those applied applications. Yeah. And so that's, again, why I was thankful to be able to work with Jason and Steve Trayo and a few other, they applied econometricians at Texas that really encouraged me to explore starting in the second year. They didn't us like pin it down. And so I, I thought I, at the second year I worked like wrote the first, a paper on school choice and trying to see if I could find some sort of instrument on school selection on public versus private. And again, so that led to like that idea of like applied econometrics was really, really the thing that like, I was like, okay, now this fits again. Once we got into second and third year Scott Cunningham:Was, was picking up that intuition, that kind of like labor style identification, causal inference kind of approach. Was that something you picked up from Jason or was that just like from your labor people? Oh, okay. Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. That's yeah. From Jason and Steve a lot. They did a great job of doing that. And yeah. So then, yeah. Then I, then I threw in, I knew threw a little bit of a switch in there also, and my co-author Nick master and Arti and closest friend and classmate in Texas was very theoretical and very interested in applied empirical IO. And so we started working in that field also together. And so then I got to work with the Han me vet and Ken Hendrix on using empirical IO. So, oh, wow. Yeah. And so again, Scott Cunningham:This is the more structural, more structural econometric. So you've got this like reduced, you've kind of got this like traditional labor reduced form type of, part of your brain. And then you've got this empirical IO structural part of your brain kind of emerging at the same time. Kyle Kretschman:That's right. That's exactly right. Yeah. And then we threw, we threw everybody for a loop. I also saying we wanted to study study politics and how money turns into vote using both using all these tools. So yeah, I can see here kind of saying in hindsight, like it all makes sense in this story that I'm telling you, but at the time it was more of what you were talking about. It was searching. It was, I wanna be working on really interesting applied problems. I love the toolkit that economics provides in framing. And yeah. I have to be coding to be able to utilize these tools that I've had built up in the past. Scott Cunningham:Yeah, yeah. Yeah. So, so matching with Nick was really important Kyle Kretschman:Very much. Scott Cunningham:And why, if you hadn't to match with Nick, I mean, just kind of outta curiosity, if you could articulate the value added of that whole partnership, what was it? Kyle Kretschman:Yes. Sure. So, so we matched basically from math camp going into, going into the first year because Nick came both from the pure math and physics background and also had some experience in the air force. So the air force was sending him to Texas and he, we were, we were definitely, we definitely didn't have a lot of vend overlap on the fact. He's like, well, I would have the intuition and some of the computer skills, Nick would have the theoretical math skills, Scott Cunningham:The theoretical math skills. Yep. Kyle Kretschman:And then we just had, we had the common factor that we wanted to work hard together and learn together and we're willing to, we're willing to intellectually hash out really tough things together. Yeah. So yeah, he huge credit to him through being able to put up with me. And he says, he says the same thing once in a while. But again, matching with somebody that had the, the more real analysis proof based understanding of math was so valuable for me. And especially, Scott Cunningham:I think some empirical IO, especially empirical IO, just being able to, you know, think like an economist in the area of IO is thinking real deep about, you know, a rich set of models and modeling approaches. Kyle Kretschman:That's Scott Cunningham:Exactly right. That's definitely not what you're learning in your econometrics classes, even though they might go together. Kyle Kretschman:Yep. So, so yeah, it was just a, it was a really good match from the beginning. And so we complimented each other and we're, we're able to build a strong enough relationship to be able to be able to hash out, have really long nights yelling at each other, we say in the office, but it never, it was always for educational purposes and lifting each other up. Scott Cunningham:Was that different than what you thought grad school was gonna be like? Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. So I knew the research component a little bit. I just didn't under understand the unstructured research on how that was gonna go and like the cadence and where it was gonna and how that was gonna be so required to develop your own viewpoint. Yeah. I thought it would be more directed cuz as a 22 year old, that was the experience I had generally. So that was the big one was the undirected and I liked it, but it was also very difficult. Scott Cunningham:How would you describe what you're talking about to your college self? Who kind of like, you know, he, he doesn't really, he doesn't even have the vocabulary for what you're describing. What would you say? It was like, Kyle Kretschman:I think you use a good term. You have to be not only wanting to search, you have to be willing to search, but you also, then you have to put in the guardrails yourself to keep it focused because you're not necessarily gonna have those external guardrails that you will have from an alternative path of going to either like a master's program that's gonna be more structured or going in an industry or going to get a job. Right. Like I mentioned at a bank for like a 22 year old where entry level jobs are gonna be more structured. Yeah. So yeah, I just, I, I probably knew it, but I didn't know what it meant to be and what, what it meant to experience it. Scott Cunningham:So how did Jason and, and Steve kind of, and any other faculty, how, how did they, how did they, I, so I did this interview with Susan athe and she was saying that, you know, the amazing thing that pat Maja did at Amazon was he managed to make economists productive, which kind it was kind of a weird, weird way of saying it. And so in a way it could, in a way you could imagine a department that sort of has like a, you know, this idea of like research has got to come. There's like a, there's like a, a journey that a graduate student has to come on to just to basically make a decision to be a researcher. Yeah. You know, and you could imagine that creating the conditions for that is, is involves faculty member, doing stuff that's not necessarily obvious. What, how did they, how do you think they contributed to that for you personally? Kyle Kretschman:For me personally, at the time, again, it goes back to encourage the exploration versus mandating or saying that I need to be on one path. So like even Nick and I at the time explore the idea of a private company and how, what, what that would be into like pinching, pitching a venture capitalist on, on that. So all those things, again, in grad school, they, they were encouraged, but they weren't structured at the time. Yeah. So yeah, I can, I can, I understand Susan's comment because I was, I was one of those economists who started pretty early with pat and we, we have a lot of good mechanisms that we've learned and built at Amazon when I was there at the time through pat, through lay other people who were willing to make the jump into this entrepreneurial space that hit the election and the, of coalesce of economists doing open book, empirical research, along with data science. Right. Just becoming more and more valuable and applicable, but is kind of what Susan piloting that we can, we can talk more about if you Scott Cunningham:Want. Yeah. I do wanna talk about that. I wanna talk about the, the decision though, you know, to, to be, because you, you sort of started off in college, you know, you said things like, oh, you can become an educator and then you've gone in this non-academic direction and you know, it, it, and that's like a, that's a more common story now, you know, right. Of, of top talent, very talented PhDs that you could have easily seen 20 years ago, would've been an academia. Their counterfactuals are, are following you. And so, you know, it's, it's a, it's a big part of our, you know, collective story as economists that this, this new labor market that didn't, that didn't exist historically now exists and draws in so much talent. And I was just curious in a way you're kind of like a, a first generation person like that, you know, when you think about it, right. Cause text's not very old, right. Facebook, Facebook, what it's like 2007. And so, you know, so you've got this, you, you, you've got this, this chance to kind of say like, it must have been, so I don't wanna put words in your mouth, but I guess I was just wondering, what were the feelings like as you considered not taking an academic track and when did it start to be something in your mind that you thought that's gonna be something I'm explore Kyle Kretschman:Probably pretty early, because if you wanna really trace the roots of like tech economists back, it starts obviously with Hal varying at Google and me and Nick, actually, we, we sent an email to Hal, probably 2008 saying, do you have any, have any use for some summer interns who can do some empirical IO? And he said, no, not, not at this time, but so, but he Scott Cunningham:Answered the email. Kyle Kretschman:He did answer the email. Yeah. It was nice, nice of him to answer. Cause we knew he was probably pretty busy, but so it, honestly, when Amazon started hiring economists, I was probably searching for about a year to move into tech. If you wanna move back to the decision point coming outta grad school, honestly it was a challenging labor or a challenging job market for me, somebody who is a lover variety, who is working on empirical IO problems with campaign, policy, campaign, finance reform, policy recognition. That's, that's not fitting a lot of the standard application process. Yeah. Once again, that's so that's probably a theme for me. And again, at the time it was hard. I was, I was in the running for jobs at VA wakes force that I thought would be really good fit because they're the EDU the emphasis would be on education with the research ability to do research and work on problems that were more widely probably policy oriented. Yeah. But neither neither of them came through. So I just always knew that I industry was gonna be an option. And so Scott Cunningham:What year is this? What, Kyle Kretschman:What, what this would've been in this would've been in Scott Cunningham:20 11, 20 11. Okay. Oh, so you moved through the, you moved through the program or kind of relatively quickly. Oh 7, 4, 4, 5 years. Okay. Kyle Kretschman:Five years. Yeah. Five years. Yeah. Oh six to 11. Okay. But so for about a year, about six. Yeah. Yeah. And so starting in 2013 is whenever I started applying to the first tech job as a data scientist and got it went great until I talked to the VP who was a business part, like pure business person. When I was talking to the hiring manager at the time, it was a company who was providing college counseling as a software service. And so they would do this at their, their clients were both for profit and not for profit companies. And we were talking like, we'd get into details about treatment effects models and how we could measure the impact of their intervention. It went great. But then I had the flyout scheduled, but then the interview with the VP, he said, well, how am I gonna monetize your algorithm? Right. And I was like, I'm not sure I know what algorithm means, but right. I, I wasn't prepared for that language and that application and how you turn econometric modeling and measurement into, into business impact at the time. Yes. Right. So spent another year looking around with different opportunities like that and honestly learning again. So, so whenever Amazon, so this would've been in 2014 and then Amazon was hiring its first big cohort with pat. So this was a cohort that was about, I think there was about 13 of us. It was a no brainer. Kyle Kretschman:Whenever, whenever we did the interview, it just was like, all right, this is exactly right for me. I was hop. I was hoping it was right on the other side. And I could probably tell you some funny stories about the interview process, but I was like, this is, this is what's meant to be. Yeah. So it, it, it was like a 10 year journey from 2004 when I switched outta computer science into 2014 being like this, just this fit. Scott Cunningham:Right. Right. Right. So outta curiosity, you know, is, is there, is there something that you think is supposed to be learned by the fact that when you were on the job market and you had that interview with that, that gig and the, and you get to the VP and he articulates questions that are not traditional econ questions, or even econometrics questions like business profitability to act, it's kind of ironic, isn't it like to everybody? That's not an economist. That's actually what we, they think we do, you know, is like, they think we do all that stuff. And then they don't know that we're like, like you said, you know, trying to set up a Lara and solve, solve it, like what's a Lara, but do you think your competition at that time did know how to answer questions like that? Like non-economists in those positions Kyle Kretschman:Probably at an inflection point. Yeah. Because this is the same time. Wherever machine learning is becoming more common toolkit with an industry. So there would be like machine learning algorithms that are designed for, you know, prediction, problem sequencing, anything like that that are specifically designed to be used in a business setting to monitor. Scott Cunningham:So they, they not only know machine learning, it's like, they also can kind of immediately articulate why this would be profitable. Kyle Kretschman:I think so. Yeah, because again, the computer, so it's like in learning the language and this is the language that would probably be more understood within a machine learning computer science version is okay, well, I'm gonna use this to change the recommendation engine right. Is very common one. Yeah. That's obviously gonna be, so how are you gonna monetize it? I'm gonna improve the match and the recommendation engine it's gonna have this. So I think at the time there was a little bit of it, but, you know, hopefully I think, I think I learned pretty quick that you can, you can use econometrics in a similar vein. As I said, it's a flavor of data science, Scott Cunningham:Have you had to become a blue collar machine learner? Kyle Kretschman:I've had to understand it, but not, I think you mean by blue collar, you mean like implementing it Scott Cunningham:And yeah, I just, when I, I usually say blue collar in the sense of like, you know, you, don't like, you know, you basically are picking up these skills, but you weren't like, you know, you didn't get a PhD in computer science. You know, Kyle Kretschman:The answer was then that answer is definitely yes. So like as we, as our cohort and as we grew, the economics discipline at Amazon, that was a big part of it is how one could we bring in some machine learning scientist help educate and teach us. Mm. And yeah. So, and even in, sometimes in lecture style, we would do that because it was so important, but then even more so learning to so that you can interact with different stakeholders specifically, like machine learning scientists. Mm. Then understanding when you can actually implement it and marry it within the econometric models was definitely a huge part of the education process. Scott Cunningham:So you go to Amazon, is that right? That's like your first entry into tech Kyle Kretschman:That's Scott Cunningham:Right. Is Amazon, what's your title? Kyle Kretschman:So Scott Scott Cunningham:A scientist or economist. Kyle Kretschman:I, it was something like business intelligence engineer. There wasn't an economist job family. There was, as you said, it was kinda the forefront. I think it was this. Yeah. I think that's what it was, but Scott Cunningham:Cause it is now right. Baja has a that's Kyle Kretschman:Right. Scott Cunningham:He created a job title called economist. Kyle Kretschman:That's right. Yeah. And that got set up about a year in, so like, and I was part of the group. So we would set these, we would set up like these people and process mechanisms that allow economists to be so influential and productive within Amazon. Scott Cunningham:Mm, okay. So how is he doing it? Why, why is Susan saying he performed a miracle by making economist productive? Can you kind of describe, like, if you had to just guess at like the counterfactual, if it hadn't been, you know, pat, it hadn't even been an economist that was hired into Pat's position. Like, what is it that he, what, what is it that he, or Amazon or whatever is making you go transform and become this new version of yourself? Kyle Kretschman:There's, there's a lot of factors and I could probably spend an hour on this, but I'll, I'll try to, I'll try to reduce it down to like some key mechanisms and ideas. The first is that Amazon is probably the most data driven company. I know. Mm. They are so focused on measurement, both of things you can directly measure. And, but they are. So they were very early interested in economic measurements that are UN observables either coming from like coming from econometric models. That, that was whenever pat demonstrated some of those that was like the light bulb went off the, so, because again, it, Amazon was run by and still generally is people with operation science background. And so this over index on measuring as, as coly and as precisely as possible, well that's that's economics. So that, that was part of it. Another part of it is culturally Amazon operates that makes decisions based on six page white papers, you wanna make some economists really productive, have them write a six page white paper instead of giving them a presentation, especially to people like who may be in the background with MBAs or other people who have a comparative advantage, we economists have a care advantage in writing. Kyle Kretschman:So it was little bit of like a surprise, but you might hear these anecdotes where it's true. Like whenever you go into a, a decision making meeting, you come in with your six page white paper that says here's the business decision to be made here is my recommendation. And here's why, and people sit there and it can be a room for five people can be a room of 25 executives. They sit and read the paper and they read the whole thing. Is there an append that can go on forever depending on how big the meeting is. Sure. But that structure of, of data driven decision making, combined with how you're presenting your argument is written seems like, seems like economists should be pretty good at that. Right? Scott Cunningham:Is that a pat thing? He came up with work, the work he made, Kyle Kretschman:What was the six page idea was from Jeff Bezos. And so that was, would Scott Cunningham:Those be circulated throughout the, throughout the, the, the firm, Kyle Kretschman:The stakeholders who needed to be part of the decision making they be circulated. But again, this is every, like everybody's writing six pages. PowerPoint is basically outlawed at, at Amazon. And again, that happened mid 2000. Sometimes people can Google it to find out, but that six page culture and decision making culture, just again, fit economists. Scott Cunningham:So how is a six page paper similar to the kinds of writing that, you know, you sort of associate with economists and how is it different? Kyle Kretschman:So its I'll start with the differences. So one with the six page versus like a 30 page academic, you are not going to be able to share the research process. You are not supposed to share the research process. You're supposed to share the clear recommendation and how you got to that recommendation. Right? So if you think about like a 30 page academic paper XT, be condensed down into those six pages. In my view, they're just, that's just not how the industry operates, but you probably would know better than me on that where, but so again, where it's the same is again, it's a data driven argument. The purpose of this paper, the abstract here is the hypothesis that I have that and here's how I tested it. And here's how I'm making my conclusion. So what I always found really honestly easy was I felt like I was doing the scientific process. Like I felt I, I was with business decision making it generally work within what is the hypothesis? How are we doing this? How are we testing it? What are we think some alternative conclusions could be, but what are we making towards it? So yeah, yeah. Again, it was closer to what I felt like would be a scientific paper in and that hold of day driven mindset is again, that's more, it's very common. Amazon have a common Spotify now Scott Cunningham:Has that been influential throughout, throughout industry? Has that, how have you noticed Amazon influencing Kyle Kretschman:Some Scott Cunningham:Yeah. Like most people don't understand. Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. There there's some companies who definitely have completely adopted it. There's some companies who haven't, but the, the six pager again, that's, this is not a, this isn't a concept just to economist and tech. This is the concept is, is held up as one of the key mechanisms for all of Amazon. Scott Cunningham:Mm mm Hmm. Kyle Kretschman:One other. Scott Cunningham:How often were you writing those? Kyle Kretschman:Depends on what level you were farther in my career. That's the only thing I did was write six page papers and it would be part of like, my team would help, but again, anytime you have a key business decision to be made or an update, like you're gonna be writing the six page. So yeah, it's again, the farther, the more seniority you have though, the more that becomes your job is to communicate side and guide through these business decisions. Scott Cunningham:Do they, to you, Kyle Kretschman:They belong to the team because it's always Scott Cunningham:Put 'em on a, you can't they're like proprietary though to Amazon. Kyle Kretschman:Oh, correct. Yeah. No, they, they're not publicly available. They're Scott Cunningham:Proprietary. Like it must is it what's that feel like to do something? What's it, what's it feel like to, to do something that creative in that kind of like scientific that's siloed within the firm? Does that feel strange? Kyle Kretschman:No, it didn't. Because what it enables is to be able to work on some of the hardest questions without having to worry about without having to worry about com communication strategies or right. For press release. So no, it felt like we were able, and this is going back to like some of the things that pat and we did at Amazon make successful. We worked on some of the hardest problems at Amazon from a very early stage because we said that it wouldn't be publicly available. Right. So that's gonna do that. And Scott Cunningham:That's been a key part. Yeah. Because okay. I get it. Okay. That, that makes a lot of sense. Yeah. So who did you discover? You were, go ahead. Sorry, Kyle. Kyle Kretschman:No, I was gonna say maybe the last me to highlight. Cause again, I, I, we could probably spend this whole interview on this, but the, the other key mechanism that pat pioneered was the proliferation of economists as a job family was not pat saying and us saying, go do this. And I can give through my own personal example. It was the other business executives, seeing the measurement, seeing the results on product, just saying, okay, I want that. So it really was a demand, AKA demand, internal demand for more economists, that was gonna say, I want this with my business decision making process and want these people who can do this and collaborate across the difference. It was not a, oh, we're gonna put economist in the siloed function that everybody's gonna come here. And that was, that was my story. But the very first year I worked on projects directly for the consumer CFO, basically the whole year. It wasn't necessarily by design, but it was what happened. And at the end of the year, year and a half, the, the VP of finance said, come over here and do this with me and come build, come build an economics team and an economics function here within my organization. And that's really is again, that's the real key was it was business decision makers, demanding the ability to understand this and demanding the skill set, just like they would data science, machine learning because of demonstrated value. Scott Cunningham:What were they witnessing with their own eyes that was so compelling that they would Inc that it would increase demand. Kyle Kretschman:So both I'll call it like ad hoc economic analysis on maybe big strategy projects, but also then the introduction of econometric systems into product. Scott Cunningham:Mm. What does that mean? Introduction of econometric systems into products. Kyle Kretschman:So say you have a product that is gonna, let's go back to the recommended system. And I use that again as an abstract, but within there you might make a change to it and you might make a change with the recommender system. That's gonna cause a treatment effect. Right. So, okay. So we can do that one off to estimate that, but you could also then build an economic system. That's gonna measure those treatment effects and changes like an AB platform or things like that. So maybe people might be more common and familiar with like experimental platforms. This would also be then econom. This would be sub out the AB part of it and sub in an economic model, that's going to be doing always on measurement sometimes at a, you know, service level. So sometimes within like individual pages, sometimes it's gonna be at a monthly level, but the integration of econometric models into the product. Scott Cunningham:Right, right. Wow. So how are you a different economist because of that experience at Amazon, if you had to guess, what was it the treatment effect? Kyle Kretschman:Oh, it mean it was, it was incredibly formative because it to tie like it put the fit together with the application to where I could understand and really to where it is, my job is to take a business question, turn it into a scientific process that can be solved with econometrics. And then also be thinking about, is this a problem that needs a scalable solution? Right. So, so Amazon taught me business integration taught me so many different languages, taught me leadership and management taught me how to work with stakeholders in collaborative ways, but then even more so how to deliver the value through econometric measurement, both again, as I said, not only, not only just in ad hoc research papers or one off analysis, but also then where does this fit directly within the products that we build in tech? Scott Cunningham:Yeah. So where'd you go, seems like people don't stay very long in tech. That's like normal. Whereas like, is, is that right? People kind of like, it, it's less normal to stay your whole career at Amazon unless is that wrong or, Kyle Kretschman:I mean, it's got it still do. So it's probably tough to say that because really the, the field started, like you said, really proliferated in 2012. So I stayed at Amazon for six years and I thought I'd be staying even longer. But Spotify came with the opportunity to one work on something I care very deeply about, which is the music industry. I'm a huge music fan. They also came with the idea to build again. So, you know, that was the part that really enticed me was Spotify did not have any PhD economists who were in an and, and economist roles. They had like one in a data science role, but they didn't have the structured economic discipline that they were seeing that Amazon was proliferating. And also then going into like Uber, Airbnb and the other tech companies. And so they said, can you build again? Kyle Kretschman:And I said, yeah, I'm, I'm excited to build. And then last one, all these there's definitely personal considerations here too. And Spotify just really did a great job showing how the company as a whole has Swedish cultures and values. And at the time I had a nine month old and they said, this is a great place to come be a father with the balance and that, and I said, all right, let's make the jump and come to Spotify. And so now I've been here about two years. So cuz I, I actually went to Spotify in may of 2020. Scott Cunningham:So remind me again, your job title at Spotify. Kyle Kretschman:So I'm head of economics. Scott Cunningham:Is, is that the, is that, is that like chief economist? I, I feel like I see different, different job titles and I don't know exactly what, what everything, Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. It, it it's on the path to it. So I'm, I'm the highest ranking PhD economist at Spotify. Scott Cunningham:I see. Okay. I've been there for two years. Okay, go ahead. Sorry. Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. Cause again, that's what I was brought into build was to build, like we did at Amazon was overall integration of PhD economists within the different business units. Scott Cunningham:So this is the part I'm, I'm having some hard time, like, you know, putting, visualizing or putting in my own words. What exactly will it look like if you have been successful in five years at that goal and what would it look like if you had been a complete, complete bust? What are the two things that are like empirical that I would be able to, to observe? Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. A complete bust is probably that an economics discipline is not, is not part of Spotify and there's not, there's not a job family. So a complete bus would've been, I, I moved to Spotify, an economics discipline. I either in, or I'm working data science job, what success looks like is actually what we put first from a, so I'll talk about the people in process, discipline success. We, I came into was Scott Cunningham:Real quick. So Kyle Kretschman:Foundation on basically. Yeah. Scott Cunningham:So, so failure actually would mean that the economist community within Spotify just never materialized, is that what you're saying? And that, and that means like this, having groups of economists that, that think and use the kinds of training we had in graduate school, but in a way that is actually productive in the firm is, is that, is that right? Kyle Kretschman:So, so yeah, and again, that's, Scott Cunningham:The job is successful if you're able to actually create internal demand for economists. Kyle Kretschman:Yep. That's right. And that's, that's what I would say against from the process side. And then from the product side, that's using econometric research in the ways that I've been talking about it's using it both not only for individual analysis, but also then building econometric measurement systems that improve the product to get towards Spotify's mission of, of billion listeners and fans who can connect with over a million creative artists who are making a living. So that's, so it's a combination, it's the combination people process. Do we have the people set up? Do we have this integrated system of economists working alongside all these different types of stakeholders along with the product side of, do we have these measurement techniques that we're applying in a way that is important to Spotify's not only Spotify's business, but all the stakeholders that have an interest in Bon life. Scott Cunningham:So I feel like, you know, I think to academics that, that, and, and maybe even to some degree students, maybe I'm, maybe I'm completely an outlier here and I'm wrong, but you know, I think there's this like really shallow is a negative word. It, I mean, shallow, literally more and just like, it's just the thinnest knowledge possible of what exactly, you know, the, the, the core skillset of a successful economist is in tech. You know, and for many people they think, I think they, they think it's such a primitive level. They're like, it needs to be somebody that can code, you know, it's a data scientist, but, but it, but it, but that's not what I associate with economics. Right. So what would you, what would you articulate? It is, Kyle Kretschman:So it's the ability to do econom applied econometric research. That's applied to business problems. Mm. So within that is coding. Yes. Scott Cunningham:Right, right. Within that is coding. Kyle Kretschman:I, the vast majority, I won't say everyone, but the vast majority of tech economists are gonna have some level of coding and maybe they're not coding anymore. Like I'm not doing any coding anymore, but like they, they have that ability. So that's just again, that's, that's a skillset, but the real ability is doing long-term economic research. Because the questions that we get asked are very hard and difficult, and they are maybe in the academic setting, maybe they are publication worthy, takes that take three years, four years to actually solve with the right model. Yeah. But it's the ability to take that three year research roadmap

In this week's episode of The Mixtape with Scott, I had the pleasure of interviewing Kyle Kretschman, Head of Economics at Spotify. It was a great opportunity for me because Kyle is one of the first economists I have spoken to who didn't enter tech as a senior economist (e.g., John List, Susan Athey, Michael Schwarz, Steve Tadelis). Kyle entered tech straight out of graduate school. He spent much of his career at Amazon, a firm that has more PhD economists than can be easily counted. Under Pat Bajari's leadership there, Kyle grew and his success was noticed such that he was then hired away by Spotify to lead up their economics team. At the end of the interview, I asked Kyle an economics article that has haunted his memories and he said “BLP”, which is affectionate shorthand that “Automobile Prices in Market Equilibrium” by Berry, Levinsohn and Pakes 1995 Econometrica goes by. I really enjoyed this interview, and despite the less than ideal sound quality at times, I hope you will too.But before I conclude, I wanted to share some more of my thoughts. This series I've been doing on “economists in tech”, which has included interviews with John List, Susan Athey, Michael Schwarz and Steve Tadelis, comes from a complex place inside me. First there is the sheer curiosity I have about it as a part of the labor market for PhD economists. As I have said before on here, the tech sector has exploded in the last decade and the demand for PhD economists has grown steadily year over year. Tech demand selects on PhD economists with promising academic style research inclinations. There is substantial positive selection in this market as firms seek out strong candidates can be produce value for them. This is reflected in both junior market salaries, but also senior. Job market candidates are economists with technical skills in econometrics and economic theory, not to mention possess competent computer programming skills in at least one but often several popular coding languages. They are also candidates who were often entertaining careers within academia at the time they entered tech, and in those academic careers, they envisioned themselves writing academic articles about research they found personally and scientifically important and meaningful. Going into tech, therefore, would at least seem to involve choice that may go far beyond merely that of taking one job over another. It may involve a choice between a career in academia and a career outside it, which for many of us can feel permanent, as though we are leaving academia. And for many economists, it may be the first time they have ever contemplated such a thing. If they do internalize the story that way, if they do see taking a job in tech as “leaving academia”, then I can imagine that for at least some economists, that may be complicated, at least. But there's another reason I have been wanting to talk to economists in tech and that is I am very concerned about the welfare of our PhD students. In a recent article published in the Journal of Economic Literature, economists interviewed graduate students in top economics programs. They found there incredibly high rates of depression, anxiety, loneliness and even suicidality. This is a common feature of graduate studies, but it is interesting that PhD economists have incredibly good employment opportunities and yet the depression and anxiety plague there too. One of the things that struck me in that study was the disconnect between what graduate students felt about their work and what their advisors felt about their own work. Many students, for instance, do not feel they are properly supported by advisers, do not believe their advisers care about their research success and do not even care about them as a person. Whereas most Americans (and faculty) feel that their work has a positive impact on society, only 20% of PhD students in economics feel that way. (I discussed the article as well as my own research on the mental health of PhD students here.) I suppose part of me feels a great sigh of relief to see the labor market for PhD economists expanding in light of those troubling statistics. If students know that life is full of infinite possibilities, then perhaps they can begin to process earlier what they want to do in the short years they have on this small spinning ball of rock we call Earth. If students do not in the end want to become professors, if they do not have the opportunities to become one, they should know that there is no “failure” involved there. Careers are just that — careers. They do not tell us who we are. The sooner a student can detach from the unhelpful story that our value is linked to a vita listing our accomplishments, the sooner they can begin their own life work of choosing their meaning. Can having more labor market opportunities with more employers competing for them help do that? Well no, not really. At least, not exactly. It can disrupt certain equilibrium, but then the new equilibrium can just as easily cover that up too. Still, I do like the idea that to keep students in academia, universities and departments must fight harder for them, pay attention to them, and invest in them as people. I like the idea that students have more options and that the options are diverse. Will it help their depression? Well, that's another matter, as that's complex. And presumably the economists in the survey I mentioned were themselves well aware of the career options they had since they were coming from the nation's top 10 PhD programs in economics. I suppose my point is that ultimately, the burden of life really cannot be resolved with money or career. We are trained to look there because we have boundless appetites. But ultimately the hard work of navigating life can only be helped so much by a job. We must still decide for ourselves what meaning we will choose for ourselves. But one thing I know, and one thing which I think our profession is profoundly bad at saying out loud, is that if we make our identity connected to vitas, we will not just be miserable, we will be hopeless, and probably poisoned. Such a mindset leads to endless laps on a brutalizing treadmill of meaningless performance in which a person chases for first place in a race they don't remember signing up for and which they cannot win. They compare themselves with others running, not knowing that they too are brutalized by their own treadmill, not realizing that it is impossible to catch up with someone else as there is always someone else ahead of us. The sooner we learn that the joy we long for will not come when we get a top 5, the sooner we can look elsewhere. It has taken me many years to relearn a lesson I learned decades ago — I am whole now. I am complete now. I still run, and I still chase, but I am not chasing completeness. I am not chasing my own wholeness. Being whole and complete has nothing to do with a career. Careers are ultimately orthogonal to hope, which does not mean they do not matter — they absolutely matter. But if asked to deliver meaning, we will find that our jobs are as weak as wet spaghetti at such a task as that.So, I suppose in some ways I simply want to announce — there are incredible opportunities for economists inside government, commerce and academia. But the weight of this life is not likely to be lighter in any one of them, for the weight we feel in life is largely self imposed, inside us, in the stories we tell about who we are and for many of us who we are not. Those stories are real, because we feel them and because we believe them, but they are not true. All stories are wrong, but some are useful, and the story that our lives can only matter if we have certain types of jobs or certain types of success, while it may be useful to getting a paper out or accomplishing something important, in a much bigger sense it is hollow at best and pure poison at worst. TRANSCRIPTThis transcript will be updated once the more complete transcript is finished; for now it was transcribed using voice-to-text machine learning.Kyle Kretschman:Might not have prepared myself well enough to be attractive for some of the most pop most top tier schools. Scott Cunningham:In this week's episode of the mix tape with Scott, I had the pleasure of interviewing Kyle kretchma the head of economics at the streaming platform. Spotify. Before I dive into the interview, though, I wanted to give you a bit of a heads up about the sound quality. Unfortunately, the sound quality in the interview on Kaza side is a bit muffled. We discussed refilming. It tried to find a way to tweak it, but there were certain constraints on the actual sound itself that kept us from being able to do it. And we didn't feel that refilming, it would be good because we thought that the interview had a lot of serendipitous kind of spontaneous tangents and things spoken about that. We thought students and people in academia would want to know, would need maybe even need to know. And I doubted that I could recreate it, cuz I don't even know why it happened. Scott Cunningham:So I'm gonna post a video version of this at my subs, for those who feel that a video version would help them kind of follow it in so far as the audio might be at times challenging. So check out the subst for those of you that wanna watch, watch it instead of just listen to it, hopefully that'll help. I won't say much here by way of introduction, except to say a few things about Kyle, because I wanted to let Kyle tell you his story in his own words, cuz it's his story to tell. And it's an interesting story. Kyle's a PhD economist though from the university of Texas Austin, which is down the road from where I live and work at Baylor, where he wrote on topics in graduate school and applied econometrics, empirical industrial organization or empirical IO and public choice after graduating, Kyle went to Amazon, not academia. Scott Cunningham:In fact, given we might start the boom of tech hiring PhD economists in the early to mid 20 2010s. You could say Kyle maybe was sort of one of the earlier hires among that second wave of PhD economists that went there. He worked for several years at Amazon before being hired away by Spotify to head up and lead a new economics team there, perhaps this is part of a broader trend of tech firms building up more internal teams, not just of data scientists, but like Amazon departments of economists who knows recall though from an earlier interview with Susan athe where, when I asked Susan why she said pat Maja had done something amazing at Amazon, she said he made economists productive. And in time he made many of them productive and very in productive from what I've been able to follow. And Kyle is from what I can gather someone whose skills matured and deepened under the leadership of Papa jar at Amazon and other leaders at and other economists at Amazon. Scott Cunningham:And he was ultimately hunted down by a major tech term to create an economics team there I'm by no means an expert on the labor market for PhD economists. I just have been very intrigued and curious by the, the, the Mar the labor market for PhD economists in tech, because well, partly because of realizing first that cause of inference was really valued in tech, but then to sort of realize that there was just this very large community of economists there, but I don't think it's controversial to say over the last 10 to 15 years, the tech industry really has been disruptive in the labor market for PhD economists. They continue to hire at the junior and senior market in larger and larger volume selecting more and more on people who likely would've gone into academia into tenure track or tenured positions. They pay very high wages, some of the very, some of the highest wages in the country, both at the junior level and especially at the, at the higher end at the, at the more advanced levels, people can earn compensation packages by the, in the, by the time they're in their thirties, that many of us didn't know were possible. Scott Cunningham:It's in my mind, historically novel, and I might be wrong about this, but it, it seems historically novel that the PhD economists who likely would've produced academic research papers in tenured and tenure track jobs have begun to branch out of academia, but maintain those skills and maintain that research output. It's partly driven best. I can tell, buy Amazon, I might be wrong, but by Amazon and paja, as well as Jeff Bezos own view, that economists are what I guess we would just say value added for many firms. Therefore I'm continuing to wanna speak with economists in tech to help better trace out the story. This interview with Kyle follows on the back of earlier interviews with people in tech like John list, you know, a, a distinguished professor of economics at the university of Chicago, but also the former chief economist that Lyft and Uber now Walmart Michael Schwartz, former professor of economics at Harvard. Now, chief economist at Microsoft and Susan athe former chief economist at Microsoft professor at Stanford and now chief economist at the DOJ. I hope you find this to be an interesting dive into the industry. Learn a little bit more about economists there, but by, by learning the about one particular important economist, there a, a young man named Kyle crutch, head of economics at Spotify, my name's Scott Cunningham. And this is the mix tape with Scott. Scott Cunningham:Well, it's my pleasure today to have, as my guest on the mix tape with Scott, Kyle crutch, Kyle, thanks so much for being on the call. Kyle Kretschman:Hey Scott, thanks for having me really appreciate the time to talk Scott Cunningham:Well before we get started with your career and, and everything. I was wondering if you could just tell us your name and your title and where you work. Kyle Kretschman:Sure. Yeah. As you said, I'm Kyle kretchma, I'm the head of economics at Spotify, Scott Cunningham:Head of economics at Spotify. Awesome. Okay. I can't wait to talk. So let me, let me, let's get started. I was wondering if you could just tell me where you grew up. Kyle Kretschman:Sure. So most of the time I grew up in outside of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, about an hour north of the city, real real small town probably had one stop light. And maybe the, the funny story that I can share is what I took my wife there. She asked where's the Starbucks. And I said, no Starbucks here. There's no Scott Cunningham:Starbucks. Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. So pretty small town called Chippewa township in Pennsylvania. Scott Cunningham:Oh, okay. Is that near like Amish stuff or anything like that? Kyle Kretschman:No, that's the other side of the state. So this would be Western Pennsylvania about near the end of the turnpike, about five minutes from the Ohio border. Scott Cunningham:Oh, okay. Okay. You said, but you, did you mention, you kind of grew up in different places? Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. So before that, my father worked in civil engineering and so would do build roads and bridges basically across every, across the nation. So I was actually born in Louisiana, lived there with, I think for a whole two, three weeks. I don't quite remember. Cause I was pretty young obviously, but then Michigan and then spent some time in Philadelphia before moving out to Pittsburgh around second grade. Scott Cunningham:Oh, that's kinda like, that's like when people described their parents being in the military, just kind of moving around a lot. Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. A little bit. So, but Scott Cunningham:Then you settled in the second grade Kyle Kretschman:That's right. Yeah. So outside of Pittsburgh and then stayed in Pittsburgh through high school and even through undergrad. Scott Cunningham:Oh, okay. Oh, you went to undergrad in Pennsylvania. Kyle Kretschman:Yeah, I did. So I went to undergrad at the university of Pittsburgh. Oh, okay. It was, yeah. If, I guess maybe continuing the story growing up in a town with no Starbucks. I was, I was pretty intrigued by going to a city. Yeah. And find out that lifestyle and yeah, we might have lived pretty close, like an hour away, but we didn't go down to the city very much. So Pittsburgh was just really, really enticing for a city to, for, to go to undergrad in. And so I basically looked at all schools that were in cities and so the proximity plus then the, the ability to just spread my wings and explore what it's like to be in a city was really, really enticing. Scott Cunningham:Did any of your friends go to pit with you? Kyle Kretschman:Yeah, so there's probably, I grew, I graduated from a class of about a little over 200 people in high school and I think there was like five or six people from high school that went to pit for my class. So definitely had some really good friends who went and kept in touch with, through undergrad. Scott Cunningham:Mm. Yeah. So it wasn't, were you sort of an early generation or you weren't, were you a first generation college student in your family or did your parents go to college Kyle Kretschman:Combination? So my dad went to Penn state civil engineer, as I mentioned, me and my mom actually graduated from undergrad the same week. So my mom went back to school later in life after me, after we went to school. And so yeah, we, we were able to celebrate graduation cuz she went to a small private school right outside of the city also. Scott Cunningham:Oh, okay. Okay. Yeah. Well, so what did you like to do in high school? Kyle Kretschman:So I played a lot of sports before high school and then I kind of switched into, and this was a traditional sports of football, basketball, baseball, but then I switched into tennis in high school. And so that kept me busy, but along with a lot of academics and really, really liked computer science. So played a lot of video games growing up, really enjoyed like that aspect in combination. Scott Cunningham:What games were your, were you, did you play on a, on a video game, plat platform? Like an Nintendo or did you play? Kyle Kretschman:Yeah, no, we played a lot of plays very much into like role playing games. Some of the arcade games like Marvel versus Capcom. So yeah. Yeah. Very, very interested in gaming. Yeah. Maybe I was a little too early for that. Cause you know, every, everybody in the 1990s was like, oh, I could make pu money playing video games, which wasn't true back, which wasn't true back then, but that's right. You know, nowadays Scott Cunningham:You can that's right. Yeah. You know, that's right. You can do it. There's all kinds of ways you can make money doing things today that nobody knew was possible 10, 10 or 15 years ago. Even Kyle Kretschman:My Scott Cunningham:That's cool. Yeah. I, I, it's funny, you know, computer games can keep a, keep a kid in high school going, you know, like especially I think they're kind of misunderstood. I, I had a lot of friends that, well, I mean, I, I, I had, when I didn't have a lot of, we moved from a small town in Mississippi to Memphis and I, those, those that first year when I didn't have a friends, I did bulletin boards and played Sierra online games like Kings quest. And it's like, it's like, you know, not intertemporal smoothing, but like inner temporal socializing, smoothing, you know, so that you just kind of get through some periods that would otherwise be a little lonelier. Kyle Kretschman:Yeah, for sure. And I mean, I mean for this audience, like most video games are some sort of form of constrained optimization. So there was, there was the inkling that I, I liked understanding how economies worked in high school through this and yeah. Going back to my mom, my mom always said like she encouraged it and she encouraged education. And there was actually kind of like that nexus, whenever I took economics in high school, it was like, oh, you know, some of these games really are full economies that are constrained and constrained in a way that you can understand and complete in, you know, under a hundred hours. Right. But there was that combination that was kind of showing itself of computer science, computer gains and economics of putting itself together. Scott Cunningham:So you were kind of thinking even in high school about economics in that kind of like, you know, optimizing something and like, like almost that modern theory that we get in graduate school. Kyle Kretschman:I think more, I had the intuition when I didn't have know how to say what it was in high school because my high school was pretty forward and that it offered both advanced computer science courses that could get you through definitely through first year of undergrad, maybe even through second year with advanced placement. And then they also offered advanced placement economics. And so I, I ended up taking advanced place in economics my junior year when most people took senior year. And so whenever I was going small Scott Cunningham:Town, even in that small town, they had, you had good your high school. Good econ. Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. It was a real, it was a really good high school that would put together good curriculum that did a lot of college preparatory work though. They, wow. They really leaned into the advanced placement, the AP courses to get students ready to go to school. Scott Cunningham:Wow. Wow. So even at, as a junior, you're taking AP econ, you know, you don't have to take AP econ. That kind of is say that, that sounds like somebody that was kind of interested in it. Kyle Kretschman:Yeah, very much. Yeah. And again, as soon as I, I definitely didn't get to the graduate level of understanding, like, you know, LaGrange multipliers, but the, the micro and macro sequence just made intuitive sense to me. It was like, it was kind of where I was like, yeah, this fit. And this is how I think. And some people might criticize me now that I think too much like an economist. Right. Like, but at the same time, it just like, it started to put together that language and even more so some of the frameworks that really kind of drew me into it. Scott Cunningham:Well, did you, did you, did you notice that you had this interest in computer science and this interest in economics and that they might be one, did you get a feeling that they could be in conversation with each other? Kyle Kretschman:Not Scott Cunningham:At first, our ancestors a hundred years ago. Didn't, you know, those economists didn't think that way, but now it's just so natural for this generation of economists to be almost one half, you know, one third mathematician, one third economist, one third computer scientist. Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. So not at first, but I, I feel like I made have like lucked into it, honestly, because whenever I chose to go to Pitt, I chose to start as computer science because I knew what that pass was. I was inspired by my older brother, the great teacher in high school. And like, I was definitely like, okay, a software software development engineer career is great. It's cutting edge. It's there. But after probably like the first year, it just didn't feel that end state didn't feel right. And so I made kind of the hard decision to choose, honestly, to switch into economics as a major, because I wasn't sure what the end state would be, where I was going with it. Cuz it was definitely felt more amorphous, you know, it's a social science, so yeah. It didn't feel like it was gonna be as clear cut and as, and have as much certainty. But pretty quickly, like after a year was like, oh, well we're doing, we're using E views at the time. All right, this is coding. I know how to do this. This is great. Right. And starting, starting to see some of that in undergrad was like the, kind of the aha moment that like, yeah, this is, this is a place where I can apply this love of coding and problem solving, but problems and solutions that I find really, really hard and interesting. Scott Cunningham:It was because of econometrics though. It was in that. Kyle Kretschman:Exactly. Yeah, yeah. Scott Cunningham:Yeah. Wow. That's, that's really interesting because you know, I think it's still the case that, you know, you can easily end up with an econometrics class that remains purely theoretical and doesn't end up, you know, exposing the student with a lot of actual coding, but it sounds like your professors were, were getting you into working with data. Kyle Kretschman:That's correct. Yeah. Both. Both within the class. So like I said, we used E views at the time. Yeah. And again, kind of like learning as a go, I, I don't think I really knew what I was doing whenever we were typing commands and E views, but the computer scientist in me was like, okay, well this is a function. I know functions. Didn't put outputs, but definitely didn't understand necessarily things that were going under the hoods or you know, all of the theory that goes with it. Oh, right, right, right. So it was, you Scott Cunningham:Knew the coding part, you knew you were coding, but you did, but like the, the actual statistical modeling was kind of the new part, but that was a way for you to kind of engage it a little bit. Kyle Kretschman:Yep, exactly. Scott Cunningham:Oh, that's interesting. That's interesting. Well, so what were you gonna have to choose between a computer science and an econ major did or did you end up doing both? Kyle Kretschman:So I chose an econ major, but then I had what I would call basically minors or concentrations in computer science, but then also in statistics and also in math, because once, once I had an internship at a bank and was doing data entry and I was like, eh, I don't think this is what I wanna use my economics degree for. Yeah. I had a couple professors at pit named Steve Houston and Frank Giani who brought me on as a research assistant, an undergrad to start being part of some of like their survey projects and data collection. And even, even one of 'em I don't, Steve was crazy, but he even let me TA classes on undergrad, so oh, wow. But he kinda, I mean, I, I say that jokingly because it was formative for me, it was like, okay, this is great. How do I do more of this? And he was like, well, you go get your econ PhD. And I was like, so I can be a teacher with computer science and doing economics altogether. He goes, yeah, let's do that. And so it was with the help and support of some of these really good professors and education to kind push me on this path consider to get Ancon PhD. Scott Cunningham:Mm. And that's when you were like, so how, how, what, what year would you have been in your program? Kyle Kretschman:Probably. I think I was in my junior year where I was starting to explore this. And then in my senior year is where I was like, okay, I'm actually gonna be doing more more of this and applying to grad school because going back, as I said, I entered with some credits. So my senior year was very, I didn't need a full course load. So I was looking for other things to keep me busy, which maybe, maybe that's one of the themes of this conversation is I kinda kind of like the variety and really have variety seeking behavior too. Yeah, Scott Cunningham:Yeah, yeah. Yeah. So you graduate, was there like a field that you were mostly interested in? Kyle Kretschman:I thought I would be going into macro economics. Macro. Yep. Yeah, because Steve worked on the council of economic advisors and I was really inspired by that and the application of economics within, within policy and just again, always applied economics, not necessarily theoretical. So yeah. Then again was, that would be sort of like labor and macro was like the initial idea, but finally Scott, I didn't do all my homework and like, think about like what grad school looked like or all it looked like. I kind of went a little bit more naive than I think other people with, again, ideas of how I could become like a teacher, an educator with some of these tools versus like how disciplined and single thread you need to be on research to be within an econ PhD program and to see that. Scott Cunningham:So you, so you kind of were like, so when you were thinking about graduate schools, what, how, what, what did you sort of, can you walk me through like what you were thinking and how you went about trying to apply to graduate school and where you ultimately chose? Kyle Kretschman:Yeah, sure. So applied probably the, the top 10 and the top 10 probably said no thanks. But also then was targeting specific schools that we had relationships with that I knew would provide computer science and macros. So university at the Iowa at the time, this was 2000 and had a really strong macro program. And then also at the university of Texas with Dean Corbe there, they also had one in Russ Cooper. And so those were like the two that I was like targeting at outside of what the top schools were. But yeah, as I, I kind of mentioned, I, I might not have prepared myself well enough to be attractive for some of the most pop with top tier schools because kind of, you know, as I said, bounced around and would be yeah, a little bit working on it a little bit different things and have computer science versus being solely focused on like economics and math and things that might be more of what the top tier schools were looking for. Scott Cunningham:Yeah. Yeah. You know, you know, it's like the, I mean, I'm the same way. I didn't ha have any econ classes in college. I was a English major, but the, the, the diff there's so many students that sort of seem to almost for whatever reason, know a lot sooner what they want to do and then like make those choices. And then there's just many of us that are, you know, in a process of search yeah. That when you're in a process of search, well, you, you know, by definition, that's like you're using that time to search. Kyle Kretschman:That's exactly right. As Scott Cunningham:Opposed to saying, I've gotta take, I've gotta become a triple major computer science, math, econ, and have to do like, you know, these set of these set of steps that, you know, there's no way I could even have known to do it unless somebody had told me it's weird. I mean, it's just funny how the little things can have such big repercussions for your whole life, but it's, but it, it worked out great. So you end up, where do you end up going? Kyle Kretschman:I went to the university of Texas at Austin. Scott Cunningham:Yeah. Yeah. What year was that? And Kyle Kretschman:So, so this would've been 2002. Scott Cunningham:Oh, okay. So you go to oh 6 0 7. Kyle Kretschman:Okay. And so ended up working. So I ended up working a lot with Jason, Ava. Yeah. And who came in and became the, the head of the department. Yeah. Applied econometrician who just did an amazing job going back to whenever I said, I didn't know how things worked under the hood, in those formulas. He didn't even let us use those formulas. So anytime we were doing applied econometric econometrics with them, not only we learning to teach, we're learning the theory, but he said, you have to code it yourself. You have to do the matrix algebra, you have to calculate standard errors. You can't really call those functions. So that was probably again, that wasn't until the third year, but yeah, in the first year to go back a little bit, Scott Cunningham:I, that played to your strengths though. I bet that played to your strengths. Yeah. Just at the end of the day, wanting to be someone that, that wrote down the raw code. Kyle Kretschman:That's exactly right. And, but the first year I didn't play my strength. Yeah. Yeah. So the first year I felt, I felt a little bit outta water and I was like, this is, I remember when we were proving what local non association. And I was like, this is, this is one hard, but also like, again, going back to like, that is this actually how I wanna be spending my time and right. I, I was like, yes, I do. But I was like, I, I knew that I needed to get to those applied applications. Yeah. And so that's, again, why I was thankful to be able to work with Jason and Steve Trayo and a few other, they applied econometricians at Texas that really encouraged me to explore starting in the second year. They didn't us like pin it down. And so I, I thought I, at the second year I worked like wrote the first, a paper on school choice and trying to see if I could find some sort of instrument on school selection on public versus private. And again, so that led to like that idea of like applied econometrics was really, really the thing that like, I was like, okay, now this fits again. Once we got into second and third year Scott Cunningham:Was, was picking up that intuition, that kind of like labor style identification, causal inference kind of approach. Was that something you picked up from Jason or was that just like from your labor people? Oh, okay. Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. That's yeah. From Jason and Steve a lot. They did a great job of doing that. And yeah. So then, yeah. Then I, then I threw in, I knew threw a little bit of a switch in there also, and my co-author Nick master and Arti and closest friend and classmate in Texas was very theoretical and very interested in applied empirical IO. And so we started working in that field also together. And so then I got to work with the Han me vet and Ken Hendrix on using empirical IO. So, oh, wow. Yeah. And so again, Scott Cunningham:This is the more structural, more structural econometric. So you've got this like reduced, you've kind of got this like traditional labor reduced form type of, part of your brain. And then you've got this empirical IO structural part of your brain kind of emerging at the same time. Kyle Kretschman:That's right. That's exactly right. Yeah. And then we threw, we threw everybody for a loop. I also saying we wanted to study study politics and how money turns into vote using both using all these tools. So yeah, I can see here kind of saying in hindsight, like it all makes sense in this story that I'm telling you, but at the time it was more of what you were talking about. It was searching. It was, I wanna be working on really interesting applied problems. I love the toolkit that economics provides in framing. And yeah. I have to be coding to be able to utilize these tools that I've had built up in the past. Scott Cunningham:Yeah, yeah. Yeah. So, so matching with Nick was really important Kyle Kretschman:Very much. Scott Cunningham:And why, if you hadn't to match with Nick, I mean, just kind of outta curiosity, if you could articulate the value added of that whole partnership, what was it? Kyle Kretschman:Yes. Sure. So, so we matched basically from math camp going into, going into the first year because Nick came both from the pure math and physics background and also had some experience in the air force. So the air force was sending him to Texas and he, we were, we were definitely, we definitely didn't have a lot of vend overlap on the fact. He's like, well, I would have the intuition and some of the computer skills, Nick would have the theoretical math skills, Scott Cunningham:The theoretical math skills. Yep. Kyle Kretschman:And then we just had, we had the common factor that we wanted to work hard together and learn together and we're willing to, we're willing to intellectually hash out really tough things together. Yeah. So yeah, he huge credit to him through being able to put up with me. And he says, he says the same thing once in a while. But again, matching with somebody that had the, the more real analysis proof based understanding of math was so valuable for me. And especially, Scott Cunningham:I think some empirical IO, especially empirical IO, just being able to, you know, think like an economist in the area of IO is thinking real deep about, you know, a rich set of models and modeling approaches. Kyle Kretschman:That's Scott Cunningham:Exactly right. That's definitely not what you're learning in your econometrics classes, even though they might go together. Kyle Kretschman:Yep. So, so yeah, it was just a, it was a really good match from the beginning. And so we complimented each other and we're, we're able to build a strong enough relationship to be able to be able to hash out, have really long nights yelling at each other, we say in the office, but it never, it was always for educational purposes and lifting each other up. Scott Cunningham:Was that different than what you thought grad school was gonna be like? Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. So I knew the research component a little bit. I just didn't under understand the unstructured research on how that was gonna go and like the cadence and where it was gonna and how that was gonna be so required to develop your own viewpoint. Yeah. I thought it would be more directed cuz as a 22 year old, that was the experience I had generally. So that was the big one was the undirected and I liked it, but it was also very difficult. Scott Cunningham:How would you describe what you're talking about to your college self? Who kind of like, you know, he, he doesn't really, he doesn't even have the vocabulary for what you're describing. What would you say? It was like, Kyle Kretschman:I think you use a good term. You have to be not only wanting to search, you have to be willing to search, but you also, then you have to put in the guardrails yourself to keep it focused because you're not necessarily gonna have those external guardrails that you will have from an alternative path of going to either like a master's program that's gonna be more structured or going in an industry or going to get a job. Right. Like I mentioned at a bank for like a 22 year old where entry level jobs are gonna be more structured. Yeah. So yeah, I just, I, I probably knew it, but I didn't know what it meant to be and what, what it meant to experience it. Scott Cunningham:So how did Jason and, and Steve kind of, and any other faculty, how, how did they, how did they, I, so I did this interview with Susan athe and she was saying that, you know, the amazing thing that pat Maja did at Amazon was he managed to make economists productive, which kind it was kind of a weird, weird way of saying it. And so in a way it could, in a way you could imagine a department that sort of has like a, you know, this idea of like research has got to come. There's like a, there's like a, a journey that a graduate student has to come on to just to basically make a decision to be a researcher. Yeah. You know, and you could imagine that creating the conditions for that is, is involves faculty member, doing stuff that's not necessarily obvious. What, how did they, how do you think they contributed to that for you personally? Kyle Kretschman:For me personally, at the time, again, it goes back to encourage the exploration versus mandating or saying that I need to be on one path. So like even Nick and I at the time explore the idea of a private company and how, what, what that would be into like pinching, pitching a venture capitalist on, on that. So all those things, again, in grad school, they, they were encouraged, but they weren't structured at the time. Yeah. So yeah, I can, I can, I understand Susan's comment because I was, I was one of those economists who started pretty early with pat and we, we have a lot of good mechanisms that we've learned and built at Amazon when I was there at the time through pat, through lay other people who were willing to make the jump into this entrepreneurial space that hit the election and the, of coalesce of economists doing open book, empirical research, along with data science. Right. Just becoming more and more valuable and applicable, but is kind of what Susan piloting that we can, we can talk more about if you Scott Cunningham:Want. Yeah. I do wanna talk about that. I wanna talk about the, the decision though, you know, to, to be, because you, you sort of started off in college, you know, you said things like, oh, you can become an educator and then you've gone in this non-academic direction and you know, it, it, and that's like a, that's a more common story now, you know, right. Of, of top talent, very talented PhDs that you could have easily seen 20 years ago, would've been an academia. Their counterfactuals are, are following you. And so, you know, it's, it's a, it's a big part of our, you know, collective story as economists that this, this new labor market that didn't, that didn't exist historically now exists and draws in so much talent. And I was just curious in a way you're kind of like a, a first generation person like that, you know, when you think about it, right. Cause text's not very old, right. Facebook, Facebook, what it's like 2007. And so, you know, so you've got this, you, you, you've got this, this chance to kind of say like, it must have been, so I don't wanna put words in your mouth, but I guess I was just wondering, what were the feelings like as you considered not taking an academic track and when did it start to be something in your mind that you thought that's gonna be something I'm explore Kyle Kretschman:Probably pretty early, because if you wanna really trace the roots of like tech economists back, it starts obviously with Hal varying at Google and me and Nick, actually, we, we sent an email to Hal, probably 2008 saying, do you have any, have any use for some summer interns who can do some empirical IO? And he said, no, not, not at this time, but so, but he Scott Cunningham:Answered the email. Kyle Kretschman:He did answer the email. Yeah. It was nice, nice of him to answer. Cause we knew he was probably pretty busy, but so it, honestly, when Amazon started hiring economists, I was probably searching for about a year to move into tech. If you wanna move back to the decision point coming outta grad school, honestly it was a challenging labor or a challenging job market for me, somebody who is a lover variety, who is working on empirical IO problems with campaign, policy, campaign, finance reform, policy recognition. That's, that's not fitting a lot of the standard application process. Yeah. Once again, that's so that's probably a theme for me. And again, at the time it was hard. I was, I was in the running for jobs at VA wakes force that I thought would be really good fit because they're the EDU the emphasis would be on education with the research ability to do research and work on problems that were more widely probably policy oriented. Yeah. But neither neither of them came through. So I just always knew that I industry was gonna be an option. And so Scott Cunningham:What year is this? What, Kyle Kretschman:What, what this would've been in this would've been in Scott Cunningham:20 11, 20 11. Okay. Oh, so you moved through the, you moved through the program or kind of relatively quickly. Oh 7, 4, 4, 5 years. Okay. Kyle Kretschman:Five years. Yeah. Five years. Yeah. Oh six to 11. Okay. But so for about a year, about six. Yeah. Yeah. And so starting in 2013 is whenever I started applying to the first tech job as a data scientist and got it went great until I talked to the VP who was a business part, like pure business person. When I was talking to the hiring manager at the time, it was a company who was providing college counseling as a software service. And so they would do this at their, their clients were both for profit and not for profit companies. And we were talking like, we'd get into details about treatment effects models and how we could measure the impact of their intervention. It went great. But then I had the flyout scheduled, but then the interview with the VP, he said, well, how am I gonna monetize your algorithm? Right. And I was like, I'm not sure I know what algorithm means, but right. I, I wasn't prepared for that language and that application and how you turn econometric modeling and measurement into, into business impact at the time. Yes. Right. So spent another year looking around with different opportunities like that and honestly learning again. So, so whenever Amazon, so this would've been in 2014 and then Amazon was hiring its first big cohort with pat. So this was a cohort that was about, I think there was about 13 of us. It was a no brainer. Kyle Kretschman:Whenever, whenever we did the interview, it just was like, all right, this is exactly right for me. I was hop. I was hoping it was right on the other side. And I could probably tell you some funny stories about the interview process, but I was like, this is, this is what's meant to be. Yeah. So it, it, it was like a 10 year journey from 2004 when I switched outta computer science into 2014 being like this, just this fit. Scott Cunningham:Right. Right. Right. So outta curiosity, you know, is, is there, is there something that you think is supposed to be learned by the fact that when you were on the job market and you had that interview with that, that gig and the, and you get to the VP and he articulates questions that are not traditional econ questions, or even econometrics questions like business profitability to act, it's kind of ironic, isn't it like to everybody? That's not an economist. That's actually what we, they think we do, you know, is like, they think we do all that stuff. And then they don't know that we're like, like you said, you know, trying to set up a Lara and solve, solve it, like what's a Lara, but do you think your competition at that time did know how to answer questions like that? Like non-economists in those positions Kyle Kretschman:Probably at an inflection point. Yeah. Because this is the same time. Wherever machine learning is becoming more common toolkit with an industry. So there would be like machine learning algorithms that are designed for, you know, prediction, problem sequencing, anything like that that are specifically designed to be used in a business setting to monitor. Scott Cunningham:So they, they not only know machine learning, it's like, they also can kind of immediately articulate why this would be profitable. Kyle Kretschman:I think so. Yeah, because again, the computer, so it's like in learning the language and this is the language that would probably be more understood within a machine learning computer science version is okay, well, I'm gonna use this to change the recommendation engine right. Is very common one. Yeah. That's obviously gonna be, so how are you gonna monetize it? I'm gonna improve the match and the recommendation engine it's gonna have this. So I think at the time there was a little bit of it, but, you know, hopefully I think, I think I learned pretty quick that you can, you can use econometrics in a similar vein. As I said, it's a flavor of data science, Scott Cunningham:Have you had to become a blue collar machine learner? Kyle Kretschman:I've had to understand it, but not, I think you mean by blue collar, you mean like implementing it Scott Cunningham:And yeah, I just, when I, I usually say blue collar in the sense of like, you know, you, don't like, you know, you basically are picking up these skills, but you weren't like, you know, you didn't get a PhD in computer science. You know, Kyle Kretschman:The answer was then that answer is definitely yes. So like as we, as our cohort and as we grew, the economics discipline at Amazon, that was a big part of it is how one could we bring in some machine learning scientist help educate and teach us. Mm. And yeah. So, and even in, sometimes in lecture style, we would do that because it was so important, but then even more so learning to so that you can interact with different stakeholders specifically, like machine learning scientists. Mm. Then understanding when you can actually implement it and marry it within the econometric models was definitely a huge part of the education process. Scott Cunningham:So you go to Amazon, is that right? That's like your first entry into tech Kyle Kretschman:That's Scott Cunningham:Right. Is Amazon, what's your title? Kyle Kretschman:So Scott Scott Cunningham:A scientist or economist. Kyle Kretschman:I, it was something like business intelligence engineer. There wasn't an economist job family. There was, as you said, it was kinda the forefront. I think it was this. Yeah. I think that's what it was, but Scott Cunningham:Cause it is now right. Baja has a that's Kyle Kretschman:Right. Scott Cunningham:He created a job title called economist. Kyle Kretschman:That's right. Yeah. And that got set up about a year in, so like, and I was part of the group. So we would set these, we would set up like these people and process mechanisms that allow economists to be so influential and productive within Amazon. Scott Cunningham:Mm, okay. So how is he doing it? Why, why is Susan saying he performed a miracle by making economist productive? Can you kind of describe, like, if you had to just guess at like the counterfactual, if it hadn't been, you know, pat, it hadn't even been an economist that was hired into Pat's position. Like, what is it that he, what, what is it that he, or Amazon or whatever is making you go transform and become this new version of yourself? Kyle Kretschman:There's, there's a lot of factors and I could probably spend an hour on this, but I'll, I'll try to, I'll try to reduce it down to like some key mechanisms and ideas. The first is that Amazon is probably the most data driven company. I know. Mm. They are so focused on measurement, both of things you can directly measure. And, but they are. So they were very early interested in economic measurements that are UN observables either coming from like coming from econometric models. That, that was whenever pat demonstrated some of those that was like the light bulb went off the, so, because again, it, Amazon was run by and still generally is people with operation science background. And so this over index on measuring as, as coly and as precisely as possible, well that's that's economics. So that, that was part of it. Another part of it is culturally Amazon operates that makes decisions based on six page white papers, you wanna make some economists really productive, have them write a six page white paper instead of giving them a presentation, especially to people like who may be in the background with MBAs or other people who have a comparative advantage, we economists have a care advantage in writing. Kyle Kretschman:So it was little bit of like a surprise, but you might hear these anecdotes where it's true. Like whenever you go into a, a decision making meeting, you come in with your six page white paper that says here's the business decision to be made here is my recommendation. And here's why, and people sit there and it can be a room for five people can be a room of 25 executives. They sit and read the paper and they read the whole thing. Is there an append that can go on forever depending on how big the meeting is. Sure. But that structure of, of data driven decision making, combined with how you're presenting your argument is written seems like, seems like economists should be pretty good at that. Right? Scott Cunningham:Is that a pat thing? He came up with work, the work he made, Kyle Kretschman:What was the six page idea was from Jeff Bezos. And so that was, would Scott Cunningham:Those be circulated throughout the, throughout the, the, the firm, Kyle Kretschman:The stakeholders who needed to be part of the decision making they be circulated. But again, this is every, like everybody's writing six pages. PowerPoint is basically outlawed at, at Amazon. And again, that happened mid 2000. Sometimes people can Google it to find out, but that six page culture and decision making culture, just again, fit economists. Scott Cunningham:So how is a six page paper similar to the kinds of writing that, you know, you sort of associate with economists and how is it different? Kyle Kretschman:So its I'll start with the differences. So one with the six page versus like a 30 page academic, you are not going to be able to share the research process. You are not supposed to share the research process. You're supposed to share the clear recommendation and how you got to that recommendation. Right? So if you think about like a 30 page academic paper XT, be condensed down into those six pages. In my view, they're just, that's just not how the industry operates, but you probably would know better than me on that where, but so again, where it's the same is again, it's a data driven argument. The purpose of this paper, the abstract here is the hypothesis that I have that and here's how I tested it. And here's how I'm making my conclusion. So what I always found really honestly easy was I felt like I was doing the scientific process. Like I felt I, I was with business decision making it generally work within what is the hypothesis? How are we doing this? How are we testing it? What are we think some alternative conclusions could be, but what are we making towards it? So yeah, yeah. Again, it was closer to what I felt like would be a scientific paper in and that hold of day driven mindset is again, that's more, it's very common. Amazon have a common Spotify now Scott Cunningham:Has that been influential throughout, throughout industry? Has that, how have you noticed Amazon influencing Kyle Kretschman:Some Scott Cunningham:Yeah. Like most people don't understand. Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. There there's some companies who definitely have completely adopted it. There's some companies who haven't, but the, the six pager again, that's, this is not a, this isn't a concept just to economist and tech. This is the concept is, is held up as one of the key mechanisms for all of Amazon. Scott Cunningham:Mm mm Hmm. Kyle Kretschman:One other. Scott Cunningham:How often were you writing those? Kyle Kretschman:Depends on what level you were farther in my career. That's the only thing I did was write six page papers and it would be part of like, my team would help, but again, anytime you have a key business decision to be made or an update, like you're gonna be writing the six page. So yeah, it's again, the farther, the more seniority you have though, the more that becomes your job is to communicate side and guide through these business decisions. Scott Cunningham:Do they, to you, Kyle Kretschman:They belong to the team because it's always Scott Cunningham:Put 'em on a, you can't they're like proprietary though to Amazon. Kyle Kretschman:Oh, correct. Yeah. No, they, they're not publicly available. They're Scott Cunningham:Proprietary. Like it must is it what's that feel like to do something? What's it, what's it feel like to, to do something that creative in that kind of like scientific that's siloed within the firm? Does that feel strange? Kyle Kretschman:No, it didn't. Because what it enables is to be able to work on some of the hardest questions without having to worry about without having to worry about com communication strategies or right. For press release. So no, it felt like we were able, and this is going back to like some of the things that pat and we did at Amazon make successful. We worked on some of the hardest problems at Amazon from a very early stage because we said that it wouldn't be publicly available. Right. So that's gonna do that. And Scott Cunningham:That's been a key part. Yeah. Because okay. I get it. Okay. That, that makes a lot of sense. Yeah. So who did you discover? You were, go ahead. Sorry, Kyle. Kyle Kretschman:No, I was gonna say maybe the last me to highlight. Cause again, I, I, we could probably spend this whole interview on this, but the, the other key mechanism that pat pioneered was the proliferation of economists as a job family was not pat saying and us saying, go do this. And I can give through my own personal example. It was the other business executives, seeing the measurement, seeing the results on product, just saying, okay, I want that. So it really was a demand, AKA demand, internal demand for more economists, that was gonna say, I want this with my business decision making process and want these people who can do this and collaborate across the difference. It was not a, oh, we're gonna put economist in the siloed function that everybody's gonna come here. And that was, that was my story. But the very first year I worked on projects directly for the consumer CFO, basically the whole year. It wasn't necessarily by design, but it was what happened. And at the end of the year, year and a half, the, the VP of finance said, come over here and do this with me and come build, come build an economics team and an economics function here within my organization. And that's really is again, that's the real key was it was business decision makers, demanding the ability to understand this and demanding the skill set, just like they would data science, machine learning because of demonstrated value. Scott Cunningham:What were they witnessing with their own eyes that was so compelling that they would Inc that it would increase demand. Kyle Kretschman:So both I'll call it like ad hoc economic analysis on maybe big strategy projects, but also then the introduction of econometric systems into product. Scott Cunningham:Mm. What does that mean? Introduction of econometric systems into products. Kyle Kretschman:So say you have a product that is gonna, let's go back to the recommended system. And I use that again as an abstract, but within there you might make a change to it and you might make a change with the recommender system. That's gonna cause a treatment effect. Right. So, okay. So we can do that one off to estimate that, but you could also then build an economic system. That's gonna measure those treatment effects and changes like an AB platform or things like that. So maybe people might be more common and familiar with like experimental platforms. This would also be then econom. This would be sub out the AB part of it and sub in an economic model, that's going to be doing always on measurement sometimes at a, you know, service level. So sometimes within like individual pages, sometimes it's gonna be at a monthly level, but the integration of econometric models into the product. Scott Cunningham:Right, right. Wow. So how are you a different economist because of that experience at Amazon, if you had to guess, what was it the treatment effect? Kyle Kretschman:Oh, it mean it was, it was incredibly formative because it to tie like it put the fit together with the application to where I could understand and really to where it is, my job is to take a business question, turn it into a scientific process that can be solved with econometrics. And then also be thinking about, is this a problem that needs a scalable solution? Right. So, so Amazon taught me business integration taught me so many different languages, taught me leadership and management taught me how to work with stakeholders in collaborative ways, but then even more so how to deliver the value through econometric measurement, both again, as I said, not only, not only just in ad hoc research papers or one off analysis, but also then where does this fit directly within the products that we build in tech? Scott Cunningham:Yeah. So where'd you go, seems like people don't stay very long in tech. That's like normal. Whereas like, is, is that right? People kind of like, it, it's less normal to stay your whole career at Amazon unless is that wrong or, Kyle Kretschman:I mean, it's got it still do. So it's probably tough to say that because really the, the field started, like you said, really proliferated in 2012. So I stayed at Amazon for six years and I thought I'd be staying even longer. But Spotify came with the opportunity to one work on something I care very deeply about, which is the music industry. I'm a huge music fan. They also came with the idea to build again. So, you know, that was the part that really enticed me was Spotify did not have any PhD economists who were in an and, and economist roles. They had like one in a data science role, but they didn't have the structured economic discipline that they were seeing that Amazon was proliferating. And also then going into like Uber, Airbnb and the other tech companies. And so they said, can you build again? Kyle Kretschman:And I said, yeah, I'm, I'm excited to build. And then last one, all these there's definitely personal considerations here too. And Spotify just really did a great job showing how the company as a whole has Swedish cultures and values. And at the time I had a nine month old and they said, this is a great place to come be a father with the balance and that, and I said, all right, let's make the jump and come to Spotify. And so now I've been here about two years. So cuz I, I actually went to Spotify in may of 2020. Scott Cunningham:So remind me again, your job title at Spotify. Kyle Kretschman:So I'm head of economics. Scott Cunningham:Is, is that the, is that, is that like chief economist? I, I feel like I see different, different job titles and I don't know exactly what, what everything, Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. It, it it's on the path to it. So I'm, I'm the highest ranking PhD economist at Spotify. Scott Cunningham:I see. Okay. I've been there for two years. Okay, go ahead. Sorry. Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. Cause again, that's what I was brought into build was to build, like we did at Amazon was overall integration of PhD economists within the different business units. Scott Cunningham:So this is the part I'm, I'm having some hard time, like, you know, putting, visualizing or putting in my own words. What exactly will it look like if you have been successful in five years at that goal and what would it look like if you had been a complete, complete bust? What are the two things that are like empirical that I would be able to, to observe? Kyle Kretschman:Yeah. A complete bust is probably that an economics discipline is not, is not part of Spotify and there's not, there's not a job family. So a complete bus would've been, I, I moved to Spotify, an economics discipline. I either in, or I'm working data science job, what success looks like is actually what we put first from a, so I'll talk about the people in process, discipline success. We, I came into was Scott Cunningham:Real quick. So Kyle Kretschman:Foundation on basically. Yeah. Scott Cunningham:So, so failure actually would mean that the economist community within Spotify just never materialized, is that what you're saying? And that, and that means like this, having groups of economists that, that think and use the kinds of training we had in graduate school, but in a way that is actually productive in the firm is, is that, is that right? Kyle Kretschman:So, so yeah, and again, that's, Scott Cunningham:The job is successful if you're able to actually create internal demand for economists. Kyle Kretschman:Yep. That's right. And that's, that's what I would say against from the process side. And then from the product side, that's using econometric research in the ways that I've been talking about it's using it both not only for individual analysis, but also then building econometric measurement systems that improve the product to get towards Spotify's mission of, of billion listeners and fans who can connect with over a million creative artists who are making a living. So that's, so it's a combination, it's the combination people process. Do we have the people set up? Do we have this integrated system of economists working alongside all these different types of stakeholders along with the product side of, do we have these measurement techniques that we're applying in a way that is important to Spotify's not only Spotify's business, but all the stakeholders that have an interest in Bon life. Scott Cunningham:So I feel like, you know, I think to academics that, that, and, and maybe even to some degree students, maybe I'm, maybe I'm completely an outlier here and I'm wrong, but you know, I think there's this like really shallow is a negative word. It, I mean, shallow, literally more and just like, it's just the thinnest knowledge possible of what exactly, you know, the, the, the core skillset of a successful economist is in tech. You know, and for many people they think, I think they, they think it's such a primitive level. They're like, it needs to be somebody that can code, you know, it's a data scientist, but, but it, but it, but that's not what I associate with economics. Right. So what would you, what would you articulate? It is, Kyle Kretschman:So it's the ability to do econom applied econometric research. That's applied to business problems. Mm. So within that is coding. Yes. Scott Cunningham:Right, right. Within that is coding. Kyle Kretschman:I, the vast majority, I won't say everyone, but the vast majority of tech economists are gonna have some level of coding and maybe they're not coding anymore. Like I'm not doing any coding anymore, but like they, they have that ability. So that's just again, that's, that's a skillset, but the real ability is doing long-term economic research. Because the questions that we get asked are very hard and difficult, and they are maybe in the academic setting, maybe they are publication worthy, takes that take three years, four years to actually solve with the right model. Yeah. But it's the ability to take that three year research roadmap and make it progress. So when you're doing that, you need to have your summary statistics that the business ca

Host Eric Rezsnyak and panelists Bob Erlenback, Michael Schwarz, and special guest Zack Derby form a fellowship to determine the most compelling character from J.R.R. Tolkein's primary Middle-earth sagas, just in time for the new “Rings of Power” TV series on Amazon Prime! Make sure to download the listener bracket here! Follow the Show! - Twitter: @culture_debate - Insta: @greatpopculturedebate - facebook.com/greatpopculturedebate - patreon.com/greatpopculturedebate Credits Producers: Mike Rapin, Eric Rezsnyak Editor: Jeff Perry Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Kloiber, Manfredwww.deutschlandfunk.de, Forschung aktuellDirekter Link zur Audiodatei

Host Eric Rezsnyak, panelists Bob Erlenback and Michael Schwarz, and special guest Corey Conway head to tribal council to debate the best “Survivor” casts of all time. Survivors ready! This tribe has spoken. Play along at home with your own bracket!  Follow the Show! - Twitter: @culture_debate - Insta: @greatpopculturedebate - facebook.com/greatpopculturedebate - patreon.com/greatpopculturedebate Credits Producers: Mike Rapin, Eric Rezsnyak Editor: Jeff Perry Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We're thrilled to have partnered with renowned fashion designer, Stan Herman, to launch our new Team Member uniform “Anniversary Collection” at Sandals Royal Curaçao. Today we sit down with our Chief Administrative Officer, joined by Stan Herman himself and his design partner, Michael Schwarz. Fascinated by fashion, we dive into all that went into the development of this new collection with our Team Members at the center of it all. Tune in to hear about the process from the beginning and the inspiration behind the design.

Heinrich fragt sich, wo seine Familie abgeblieben ist – und warum plötzlich Wasser aus allen Ritzen läuft.

Host Eric Rezsnyak, panelists Derek Mekita, Jim Czadzeck, and Michael Schwarz, and special guest red shirt Nick Boedecker boldly go into a debate on the best main cast member in Star Trek history. Make sure to download the listener bracket here! Follow the Show! - Twitter: @culture_debate - Insta: @greatpopculturedebate - facebook.com/greatpopculturedebate - patreon.com/greatpopculturedebate Credits Producers: Mike Rapin, Eric Rezsnyak Editor: Jeff Perry Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Michael Schwarz leads economics at Microsoft as Corporate Vice President and Chief Economist. A former professor at Harvard, Michael became an early pioneer in tech as part of a larger trend of top PhD economists moving into industry to work on a variety of real world topics related to market design and causal inference. In this interview, we discuss some of his ground breaking work in micro theory and application and the ongoing relevance and power of economic theory for understanding our social and corporate world.

Michael Schwarz leads economics at Microsoft as Corporate Vice President and Chief Economist. A former professor at Harvard, Michael became an early pioneer in tech as part of a larger trend of top PhD economists moving into industry to work on a variety of real world topics related to market design and causal inference. In this interview, we discuss some of his ground breaking work in micro theory and application and the ongoing relevance and power of economic theory for understanding our social and corporate world. Get full access to Scott's Substack at causalinf.substack.com/subscribe

Herzlich Willkommen zum Podcast der EFG Kirchheim mit Michael Schwarz!

Host Eric Rezsnyak and panelists Bob Erlenback, Joelle Boedecker, and Michael Schwarz debate the best films set around the end-of-the-year holidays (Christmas, Thanksgiving, etc.) that people return to year after year. Click here to make your OWN bracket for this episode! Follow the Show! - Twitter: @culture_debate - Insta: @greatpopculturedebate - facebook.com/greatpopculturedebate - patreon.com/greatpopculturedebate Credits Producers: Mike Rapin, Eric Rezsnyak Editor: Jeff Perry Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Host Eric Rezsnyak and panelists Kara Austin, Kate Racculia, and Michael Schwarz head to a galaxy far, far away and discuss the best Jedi, Sith, droids, and scoundrels that populate the Star Wars universe.Follow the Show!- Twitter: @culture_debate- Insta: @greatpopculturedebate- facebook.com/greatpopculturedebate- patreon.com/greatpopculturedebateCreditsProducers: Mike Rapin, Eric RezsnyakEditor: Jeff Perry

iTech Minerals managing director Michael Schwarz joins Small Caps to discuss the company's exploration and development plans once it has listed on the ASX. The company is bringing to market 21 projects across South Australia, with an immediate focus on fast-tracking its halloysite, kaolin and graphite assets. iTech has been established to take over Archer Materials' projects, which have more than 10 years' worth of exploration information. The company will trade under ASX ticker 'ITM'.Article:https://smallcaps.com.au/itech-minerals-ipo-investors-exposure-sa-battery-critical-minerals/

In this episode Barry chats to Michael Schwarz, Managing Director at iTech Minerals

Host Eric Rezsnyak and panelists Amy Pilott, Bob Erlenback, and Michael Schwarz discuss the best baddies from Disney's animated rogue's gallery. Which character is best at being the worst?Follow the Show!- Twitter: @culture_debate- Insta: @greatpopculturedebate- facebook.com/greatpopculturedebate- patreon.com/greatpopculturedebateCreditsProducers: Mike Rapin, Eric RezsnyakEditor: Jeff Perry

I'm joined by author Andrew Michael Schwarz for a review of the "zombie movie for people who don't like zombies." wnwypodcast@outlook.com, Instagram, wnwypodcast.com Guest - Andrew Michael Schwarz, Author of Science Fiction and Horror. "There are worlds to save and monsters to slay." Get The Hidden Audiobook on Audible, or The Hidden Kindle eBook on Amazon.Follow Andrew Michael Schwarz on Facebook, @AndrewMichaelSchwarz and check out his website.See a full list of titles on Amazon.

Michael Schwarz is the Founder of Treeline Cheese, a pioneer plant-based cheese brand. He left his career as an intellectual property lawyer after learning about the cruelties of animal agriculture and felt compelled to create cruelty-free alternatives to dairy cheese.  Michael began experimenting by fermenting cashews in his home kitchen. When he was confident enough with his recipe, he started knocking on the doors of small independent retailers in New York City's Hudson Valley, asking them to carry plant-based cheeses. Nine years later, Treeline retains its activist ethos on which it was founded and has grown to sell their products in 3,000 retailers across the country, including Amazon, Target, Whole Foods, Kroger, Wegmans, Ralphs, and many more.  Here's a glimpse of what you'll learn:  What prompted Michael Schwarz to start Treeline Cheese and why he chose to use cashew nuts for his product line Michael explains how he started and scaled his business  The strategies Michael used to educate retail buyers and customers about his products How Michael's business has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and his thoughts on future demand for Treeline's products The evolution of in-person meetings with buyers Michael talks about building his team for Treeline, how he positions his company against competitors, and how he develops new flavors for his products  The importance of innovation in the food industry Steve Cleere and Michael share their thoughts on genetically modified foods, the future of food production in the world, and the growth of the plant-based foods market Michael's advice to fellow entrepreneurs on building a food business Where to learn more and buy Treeline In this episode… Creating a new product in a new category within the food industry can be risky. As an entrepreneur, you don't know for certain how your target market will respond to your creation, for better or for worse. And according to Michael Schwarz, a good idea and good intentions are not enough to build a successful business. To make sure that your brand is innovative in the market and desired by customers, you need to invest in research and development. This will help you assess the market and determine whether there is demand for your idea before you dive in headfirst. Michael says you'll also need to educate potential retail buyers and customers about the benefits of your products to increase your sales and grow your brand. Ready to get started? In this episode of the NexxtLevel Brands Podcast, Steve Cleere is joined by Michael Schwarz, the Founder of Treeline Cheese, to talk about the need for entrepreneurs to research their innovative products. They also talk about the growth of the plant-based foods market, the best way to educate buyers and customers about new products, and how Michael develops new flavors for his cheese line. Subscribe and Listen on: iTunes Spotify Stitcher Google Play Deezer iHeartRadio TuneIn Amazon Music Resources Mentioned in this episode Kitchen2Shelf NexxtLevel Marketing Treeline Cheese Expo East Expo West Justin Lambeth on LinkedIn Cool News: The NexxtLevel Brands Podcast has just been named as one of the Top 15 CPG-Themed Podcasts on the web!!! We're at Lucky #7 and you can get more information about Feedspot and how you can watch more of your favorite shows here: Top CPG Podcasts – Thanks to Feedspot, Rise25 and our Production Team! Sponsor for this episode... Our podcast today is sponsored by Kitchen2Shelf, the educational arm of NexxtLevel Brands. Kitchen-2-Shelf provides online and in-person courses and workshops for CPG entrepreneurs at any stage of growth.  Whether you're an early-stage startup, a local growing business, or if you want to just expand your distribution to a national level, Kitchen-2-Shelf can help you learn what you need to know to grow. Visit their website to get access to some free tools that can help you understand where your business stands.  Contact them today to find out how they can help you grow your brand and expand your business to reach its full potential.

Heute dürfen wir zum ersten mal Michael Schwarz bei uns begrüßen. Er ist diplomierter Gesundheits- und Krankenpfleger und erzählt in dieser Podcastfolge über die nonverbale Kommunikation bei dementiell erkrankten Menschen. Im Speziellen geht er dabei auf Situationen ein, in denen das nonverbale Verhalten des Pflegepersonals einen Widerstand bei dementiell erkranken Personen auslöst. Unter anderem erzählt er, welche Auslöser für den Pflegewiderstand bekannt sind, und wie Pflegewiderstände präventiv verhindert werden können.

In episode 34,  explore the startup world with Michael Schwarz - Co-Founder/MD, emocean and discover

Host Eric Rezsnyak and panelists Kevin Dillon, Michael Schwarz, and Mike Rapin assemble their picks for the best of Earth’s Mightiest Heroes.Check out the bracket to make your own or follow along at home!Follow the Show!- Twitter: @culture_debate- Insta: @greatpopculturedebate- facebook.com/greatpopculturedebate- patreon.com/greatpopculturedebateCreditsProducers: Mike Rapin, Eric RezsnyakEditor: Jeff Perry

Host Eric Rezsnyak and panelists Curtis Creekmore, Kate Racculia, and Michael Schwarz are determined to enjoy themselves as they debate — and act out — the best lines from the cult classics “Clue.”Check out the bracket to make your own or follow along at home!Follow the Show!- Twitter: @culture_debate- Insta: @greatpopculturedebate- facebook.com/greatpopculturedebate- patreon.com/greatpopculturedebateCreditsProducers: Mike Rapin, Eric RezsnyakEditor: Jeff Perry

Dr Hoffmann Prescribes a Daily Dose of Techno in the latest Mastertraxx Techno Podcast - September 2013 01. VSK & Ji@ - Untitled Noise (VSK Sine Edit) / Ang Records 02. Mark Morris – Corpo (Original Mix) / REZ 03. Oscar Mulero – False Statement (Original Mix) / Warm Up Recordings 04. Kramnik – Flex (Flug Remix) / Kram Records 05. Liss C. & Micol Danieli – X 2.0 (Original Mix) / REZ 06. Tortured – Inhale (Audio Injection Remix) / Deadcert Records 07. Paul Begge & Mike Rud – Unerwartet (Gabeen Remix) / Switch Off Records 08. Flex – Building The Efforts (Daegon Remix) / Crunch Control 09. Drumcell – Disturbance (Pfirter Remix II) 10. Excluded – Absurdity (Original Mix) / Local Sound Network 11. Ryuji Takeuchi – Scattered (Original Mix) / Blind Spot Music 12. Michael Schwarz, Israel Toledo – Stronger (Michael Schwarz Remix) / Assassin Soldier Recordings 13. Albert Kraner, Nicolas Oliver – Fight For Life (Deh-Noiser Darkside Remix) / LW Recordings 14. Darpa – Renektion 13 (Elbodrop Remix) / Shout Records 15. Michel Lauriola – Black Sonda (Original Mix) / Crunch Control 16. Erphun – Scorpion Ninjas (Ryuji Takeuchi Remix) / Brood Audio 17. Aima & Abori – Mechanism (Original Mix) / Crunch Control 18. Dorian Gray – Beyond The Wormhole (Akkya's Arecibo Decryption) / City Wall Records This show is syndicated & distributed exclusively by Syndicast. If you are a radio station interested in airing the show or would like to distribute your podcast / radio show please register here: https://syndicast.co.uk/distribution/registration

In 1994 in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma (14 miles from Tulsa), Kellye was 7-years-old when her soccer coach Michael Schwarz assaulted her and other girls on the team. He was also convicted of assaulting a relative. Schwarz was prosecuted in 1997 How to protect children at school, camps and other youth-serving organizations: https://sosthreesixty.com/home/ National Sex Offender Registry https://www.nsopw.gov/ Bridge 33 Media LLC Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Michael Schwarz ist Regisseur und Initiator von #quarantaenekino. Mit uns teilt er seine FuckUp-Story!

Part 2!Are you a fan of campy TV game shows? Then come on down as host Eric Rezsnyak and panelists Curtis Creekmore, Kevin Dillon, and Michael Schwarz spin the big wheel and try to match the stars by debating the best American TV games shows. No whammies! And we promise to answer in the form of a question.Want to play along at home? Click here for the Listener Bracket. Make sure you click File > Make a Copy, fill it out, and then see how your picks stack up against our panel.Follow the Show!- Twitter: @culture_debate- Insta: @greatpopculturedebate- facebook.com/greatpopculturedebate- patreon.com/greatpopculturedebateCreditsProducers: Mike Rapin, Eric RezsnyakEditor: Jeff Perry

Are you a fan of campy TV game shows? Then come on down as host Eric Rezsnyak and panelists Curtis Creekmore, Kevin Dillon, and Michael Schwarz spin the big wheel and try to match the stars by debating the best American TV games shows. No whammies! And we promise to answer in the form of a question.Want to play along at home? Click here for the Listener Bracket. Make sure you click File > Make a Copy, fill it out, and then see how your picks stack up against our panel.Follow the Show!- Twitter: @culture_debate- Insta: @greatpopculturedebate- facebook.com/greatpopculturedebate- patreon.com/greatpopculturedebateCreditsProducers: Mike Rapin, Eric RezsnyakEditor: Jeff Perry

If you've had to pivot lately, you'll relate to Ben Davis, producer of convention-center-sized plant-based expos. He's followed by Treeline founder Michael Schwarz (whose cheese is so good you could feed it to French people).

Don't talk about us like we're not here! For this minisode, host Eric Rezsnyak and panelists Bob Erlenback, Kevin Dillon, and Michael Schwarz put on their best Southern belle accents and debate the very best lines from Robert Harling's script for the iconic 1980s comedy drama, "Steel Magnolias." Who will take a whack at Ouiser?This minisode was originally aired 1 week earlier on our Patreon!Follow the Show!- Twitter: @culture_debate- Insta: @greatpopculturedebate- facebook.com/greatpopculturedebate- patreon.com/greatpopculturedebateCreditsProducers: Mike Rapin, Eric RezsnyakEditor: Jeff Perry

This episode the Debaters pour a big bowl of bitching as they crunch and munch through the Top 32 breakfast cereals, as determined by a poll of nearly 70 frosted flakes. Join host Eric Rezsnyak and panelists Dan Howell, Kate Racculia, and Michael Schwarz as we deliver a balanced breakfast barrage.Follow the Show!- Twitter: @culture_debate- Insta: @greatpopculturedebate- facebook.com/greatpopculturedebate- patreon.com/greatpopculturedebateCreditsProducers: Mike Rapin, Eric RezsnyakEditor: Jeff Perry

This episode the Debaters pour a big bowl of bitching as they crunch and munch through the Top 32 breakfast cereals, as determined by a poll of nearly 70 frosted flakes. Join host Eric Rezsnyak and panelists Dan Howell, Kate Racculia, and Michael Schwarz as we deliver a balanced breakfast barrage.Follow the Show!- Twitter: @culture_debate- Insta: @greatpopculturedebate- facebook.com/greatpopculturedebate- patreon.com/greatpopculturedebateCreditsProducers: Mike Rapin, Eric RezsnyakEditor: Jeff Perry

The show's watch may have ended, but this episode the Debaters want to know: who IS the best character in Westeros? Nearly 80 people took the poll that determined the top 32 picks, and host Eric Rezsnyak and panelists Curtis Creekmore, Derek Mekita, and Michael Schwarz pick who ends up on GPCD's Iron Throne.Follow the Show!- Twitter: @culture_debate- Insta: @greatpopculturedebate- facebook.com/greatpopculturedebate- patreon.com/greatpopculturedebateCreditsProducers: Mike Rapin, Eric RezsnyakEditor: Jeff Perry

The show's watch may have ended, but this episode the Debaters want to know: who IS the best character in Westeros? Nearly 80 people took the poll that determined the top 32 picks, and host Eric Rezsnyak and panelists Curtis Creekmore, Derek Mekita, and Michael Schwarz pick who ends up on GPCD's Iron Throne.Follow the Show!- Twitter: @culture_debate- Insta: @greatpopculturedebate- facebook.com/greatpopculturedebate- patreon.com/greatpopculturedebateCreditsProducers: Mike Rapin, Eric RezsnyakEditor: Jeff Perry

From "Snow White and the Seven Dwarves" to "Onward," Disney has made truly magical animated films. This episode, the Debaters have to plunder the Disney vault and remove only the choicest cuts, as decided by a poll of more than 90 respondents. Which toon gets the boon? Join host Eric Rezsnyak and panelists Amy Pilott, Kate Racculia, and Michael Schwarz as they explore a whole new world.Follow the Show!- Twitter: @culture_debate- Insta: @greatpopculturedebate- facebook.com/greatpopculturedebate- patreon.com/greatpopculturedebateCreditsProducers: Mike Rapin, Eric RezsnyakEditor: Jeff Perry 

Part 2!  From "Snow White and the Seven Dwarves" to "Onward," Disney has made truly magical animated films. This episode, the Debaters have to plunder the Disney vault and remove only the choicest cuts, as decided by a poll of more than 90 respondents. Which toon gets the boon? Join host Eric Rezsnyak and panelists Amy Pilott, Kate Racculia, and Michael Schwarz as they explore a whole new world.Follow the Show!- Twitter: @culture_debate- Insta: @greatpopculturedebate- facebook.com/greatpopculturedebate- patreon.com/greatpopculturedebateCreditsProducers: Mike Rapin, Eric RezsnyakEditor: Jeff Perry

Growing up as a white male in South Africa during apartheid, Michael Schwarz developed a strong sense of right and wrong from an early age. Over the years, this sense of justice found its way into all aspects of Michael’s life—including the way he ate. The result was Treeline Cheese—a luxurious French-style cashew-based cheese company now available in Whole Foods and Kroger grocers nationwide. Michael offers his unique insight on a broad range of topics—from ethics in business to the delicious evolution of his brand and its upcoming products (slices and shreds are coming!). Cheese-lover or not, everyone can take a bite out of this exceptional conversation. What we discuss in this episode:   - Growing up in the times of apartheid    - Business as a form of activism   - The art of fermenting vegan cheese   - The issue of saturated fat and vegan cheese   - Responsible sourcing of cashews   - How the coronavirus affected business   - Treeline Cheese website. Be on the lookout for Treeline slices and shreds! Connect with Switch4Good   - YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQ2toqAmlQpwR1HDF_KKfGg   - Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/Switch4Good/   - Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/switch4good/   - Twitter - https://twitter.com/Switch4GoodOrg   - Website - https://switch4good.org/

Michael Schwarz is the founder of Treeline Cheese, a plant-based cheese company dedicated to ending the suffering caused by the animal-based dairy industry. He's also the child of one of the great heroes of the South African anti-apartheid struggle, Harry Schwarz. In our conversation, we try to connect the dots between political activism and vegan cheesemaking, between standing up for human rights and creating a company to reduce demand for the products of animal abuse.

Michael Schwarz is the founder of Treeline Cheese, a plant-based cheese company dedicated to ending the suffering caused by the animal-based dairy industry. He's also the child of one of the great heroes of the South African anti-apartheid struggle, Harry Schwarz. In our conversation, we try to connect the dots between political activism and vegan cheesemaking, between standing up for human rights and creating a company to reduce demand for the products of animal abuse. The post Liberating Humans and Animals with Michael Schwarz: PYP 398 appeared first on Plant Yourself.

Michael Schwarz, director of the popular PBS / NOVA documentary, “Look Who's Driving,” provides some interesting information on artificial intelligence (AI) and the current state of autonomous vehicles. How do self-driving cars (autonomous vehicles) work and is society ready to trust them? In this interesting podcast, director Michael Schwarz discusses the expanding technology that is pushing its way into the transportation industry. Schwarz talks about his interests, and the lead up to making his current documentary, “Look Who's Driving.” He recounts how he learned about some of the early companies that were seeking to develop autonomous vehicles, and how General Motors was very interested in grabbing the new technology quickly. After many years of waiting and anticipating what they might be like, autonomous vehicles are finally sharing the roads with us at least in testing mode, but experts caution that there are massive challenges to overcome still, and some caution that the tech is just not there yet to provide safety for everyone. Schwarz discusses the safety issues in detail. As he states, there are nearly 40,000 deaths per year on the roads in America, and the idea that developers of autonomous vehicles boast is that their self-driving cars don't drive drunk, drowsy, or distracted, making them, potentially, a safer alternative. Schwarz goes on to discuss the challenges ahead for autonomous vehicles, talking about the high bar that the technology must meet because there are millions and millions of miles driven by human drivers before even one fatality occurs. Schwarz talks about some of the leading companies that are developing these self-driving cars, and how they are focused on pushing the technology to handle the entire driving experience. As he states, although passengers can ‘take over' in a potential accident situation, it is perhaps unrealistic to expect a relaxed passenger to suddenly take action effectively. Thus, some say that the technology must be developed until it is good enough to no longer need any human input, or intervention, while driving.

Zwei Jahre lang arbeitete Michael Schwarz bei Google in Dublin. Dort war er Search Quality Mitarbeiter und somit für die Suchmaschinenergebnisse im deutschsprachigen Raum, Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, verantwortlich. Mit den dort gesammelten Kenntnissen über die Suchmaschine gründete er dann 2009 zusammen mit Jürgen Rous das SEO-Beratungsunternehmen Improove. Mit Improove hat er sich mittlerweile weltweit drei Standorte mit 40 Mitarbeitern aufgebaut und berät so Kunden in 60 verschiedenen Ländern, unter anderem AirBnB und Red Bull. In unserem Podcast erzählt er uns von seinen persönlichen Erfahrungen und worauf es bei der Suchmaschinenoptimierung ankommt.   Dir hat diese Folge gefallen und du hast weiterhin Lust auf interessante Interviews mit mitreißenden Gästen und faszinierenden Content? Dann hilf uns, den Podcast zu verbreiten und gib uns doch eine 5-Sterne-Bewertung oder einen Kommentar auf iTunes.⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐   ▶️ DIGITAL BEAT ▶️ FACEBOOK ▶️ INSTAGRAM

In this episode, which was recorded live in person in New York at the inaugural Plant Based World Conference and Expo, I interview Michael Schwarz, founder of Treeline Treenut Cheese in upstate New York. Michael's discovery of the cruelty involved in dairy production and the harm animal agriculture causes to the environment were key drivers for his decision to give up not just milk, but his entire career as an intellectual property attorney, and focus on vegan cheese making. Raised in South Africa, Michael inherited his activism from his parents. His father, Harry Schwarz, was a key figure in the fight to end apartheid and a long-time friend and colleague of Nelson Mandela. Michael moved to the US in the 1980s at the height of apartheid's power, went to law school and for over 25 years, practiced IP law in Dallas, London, New York and Washington. In 2012, he began to experiment with fermenting cashew nuts, culminating in the launch of Treeline, which is now a national brand, available in grocery and specialty stores across the US, including Whole Foods, Kroger, and many independent health food stores and small chains. In this interview Michael talks about: • How he got his first distributor and retailer (a process that involved losing a lot of money but was necessary) • Why learning to say no if you don't have the capacity or finances to fulfil orders is better for your brand in the long term • How a negative experience at trial during his lawyer days is the reason why Treeline has never failed to fulfil an order to date • Why the company doesn't use dairy cheese names such as ‘brie' or ‘camembert' for its products • And much more Visit the Treeline website Brands mentioned in vegan business news highlights Alternative Meat Co. Saorsa 1875 RESOURCES: My Online PR Course for Vegan Business Owners & Entrepreneurs: Vegans in the Limelight My book Vegan Ventures: Start and Grow an Ethical Business Follow Vegan Business Media on: Facebook   Twitter  Instagram  Connect with me personally at: Facebook  Twitter  LinkedIn

Michael Schwarz of vegan cheese company Treeline Treenut Cheese speaks with Katrina Fox.

In this episode, which was recorded live in person in New York at the inaugural Plant Based World Conference and Expo, I interview Michael Schwarz, founder of Treeline Treenut Cheese... Read More

After Intel on Tuesday revealed a new class of speculative execution vulnerabilities, which impact all its modern CPUs, the researcher who was part of the team that discovered one of these flaws is sounding off on the disclosure process behind it. The speculative execution flaw, ZombieLoad, is an attack related to CVE-2018-12130, the flaw in the Fill Buffer of Intel CPUs. That's because this attack leaks the most data – attackers are able to siphon data from system applications, operating system and virtual machines.  ZombieLoad was discovered and reported by Michael Schwarz, Moritz Lipp and Daniel Gruss from the Graz University of Technology (known for their previous discoveries of similar attacks, including Meltdown). Gruss talks about how the team first discovered the attack.

Beschreibung: In dieser Folge sprechen über den 35. Chaos Communication Congress (35c3) und besprechen einige technische Vorträge die uns besonders gut gefallen haben. Shownotes: Segfault.fm Episode 0x04 Tor Privacy-Handbuch: Tor Bad Exit Nodes Winter P. et al. (2014) Spoiled Onions: Exposing Malicious Tor Exit Relays. In: De Cristofaro E., Murdoch S.J. (eds) Privacy Enhancing Technologies. PETS 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8555. Springer, Cham Metadata Investigation : Inside Hacking Team WP: Hacking Team Motherboard: Hacking Team Hacker Phineas Fisher Has Gotten Away With It WikiLeaks: Hacking Team 33c3: David Kriesel: SpiegelMining – Reverse Engineering von Spiegel-Online WP: Chaos Communication Congress Chaos Computer Club 32c3: Toilet Party WP: Haus am kölnischen Park (HAKP) Freakshow 229: Telefonischturm 35c3 Spende zwecks Diebstahl 34c3: Nougatbytes 11₂ - Die geekige Wort- & Bilderrätselspielshau ist zuЯück Haecksen-Schrein WP: Carol Shaw WP: River Raid 35c3: Linus Neumann and Thorsten Schröder: OpSec für Datenreisende - Du kannst alles hacken – du darfst dich nur nicht erwischen lassen SZ: Spur des Hackers Orbit führt Ermittler in Doxing-Szene 35c3: Michael Steigerwald: Smart Home - Smart Hack Segfault.fm Episode 0x01 ACM WiSec 35c3: Yaniv Balmas and Eyal Itkin: What the Fax 35c3: starbug and Julian: Venenerkennung hacken - Vom Fall der letzten Bastion biometrischer Systeme Chaos Computer Club hackt Apple TouchID 35c3: Joscha: The Ghost in the Machine - An Artificial Intelligence Perspective on the Soul Alternativlos 42 mit Joasch Bach über Life, the universe and everything 35c3: Ben Cartwright-Cox: A deep dive into the world of DOS viruses - Explaining in detail just how those little COM files infected and played with us back in the day Github: A Deep Dive into the world of MS-DOS viruses 35c3: Hanno Böck: The Rocky Road to TLS 1.3 and better Internet Encryption 35C3: Sebastian Schinzel: Attacking end-to-end email encryption - Efail, other attacks and lessons learned EFail Poddebniak et. al. (2018) Efail: Breaking S/MIME and OpenPGP Email Encryption using Exfiltration Channels in 27th USENIX Security Symposium, Baltimore 35c3: Inside the Fake Science Factories SCIgen - An Automatic CS Paper Generator DEFCON 26: Svea, Suggy, Till: Inside the Fake Science Factory 35c3: Ilja van Sprundel: Memsad - why clearing memory is hard CVE-2014-0160: Heartbleed Bug 35c3: Moritz Lipp, Michael Schwarz, Daniel Gruss and Claudio Canella: A Christmas Carol - The Spectres of the Past, Present, and Future 35c3: Hannes Mehnert: DNS - Hierarchical decentralized naming system used since 30 years 35c3: Martin Tschirsich: All Your Gesundheitsakten Are Belong To Us - ‘So sicher wie beim Online-Banking’: Die elektronische Patientenakte kommt - für alle 35c3: Martin Sonneborn: Meine Abenteuer im EU-Parlament

Struktur Podcast is presenting Michael Schwarz, who is back in the business after his long break. 4 years ago his “She Doesn’t Ask For“ was hitting the clubs and it was just a matter of time that he gets back to music. With his set he is also testing some new and unreleased tracks from himself which will hit the stores soon and because of that and to keep it exciting, this time there is no tracklist. Enjoy the comeback and Michaels first podcast after that long time of silence. Youtube: https://youtu.be/RTyba9orBqc

This is a retrial on The last Podcast

The Very first episode of my Podcast! Where we talk about things that are underrated.

Am 20. August findet das Power-Wrestling RADIO Summerfest in Fulda statt. In dieser Sonderausgabe informieren @HerrBruns, Stefan @KolbWrestling sowie Michael Schwarz, unser Mann vor Ort in Fulda, über die Pläne für den Tag. Außerdem werden einige Fragen rund um die Veranstaltung beantwortet. Wer nun noch mehr wissen muss oder Fragen hat, bitte eine E-Mail an redaktion@pwradio.de senden. *** NEU: Unter http://www.pwradio.de haben wir jetzt alle unseren wichtigen Links zusammengefasst. Hier findest du sämtliche PW-Radio-Seiten, Social-Media-Verbindungen und vieles mehr. Schau mal rein und folge uns gerne auf Twitter, Facebook usw.: http://www.pwradio.de *** Unterstütze diesen Podcast, indem du Patron wirst - auf http://www.patreon.com/powerwrestling bekommst du dafür mindestens drei neue Ausgaben pro Woche! Alle Episoden werbefrei, direkt nach Aufnahme, ungeschnitten, dazu verlängerte Episoden und viele exklusiv. Einfach die Seite besuchen - dort findest du alle weiteren Infos, wie du noch heute Patron werden kannst und damit den Fortbestand dieses Podcasts unterstützt: http://www.patreon.com/powerwrestling

Ensemble Rebel: Jörg-Michael Schwarz, Karen Marie Marmer, Matthias Maute, John Moran, Dongsok Shin

Michael Schwarz, Sam Worthington's producing partner @ Full Clip Productions and current producer @ Deepwater, offers some brazen and unpretentious insights into the nature of film producing in all his Australian-ness. This isn't so much an analysis of expressing your POV, but rather a clear example of how being authentic and down-to-earth is a sure-fire way of forging your path in the industry. We discuss the practical realities of how he got started as a producer (preview: there were lots of random jobs in his early-late 20s, plus a few acting classes thrown in for good measure), how he connected and started working with the AVATAR superstar, as well as the means by which anxiety is clearly a common incentive experienced by entertainment professionals. Oh, and make sure to listen past the 9 minute mark to hear about which big-budget flop Michael convinced a certain A-lister to turn down -- while technically still a film-school student. A few further anecdotes suggest that perhaps not even Hollywood veterans really know what they're doing. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Die meisten Fuldaer kennen Michael Schwarz aus dem Kreuz oder der Theaterbühne, doch im März hat Shaggy einen neuen Weg eingeschlagen. Clown möchte er werden und macht dafür nebenberuflich eine Ausbildung an der Berufsfachschule für Clowns, Komik und Comedy in Hofheim-Lorsbach am Taunus. Wieso, weshalb, warum erzählt er uns in der neuen Ausgabe von Radio36. Vom Stein über den Kulturmanager zur roten Nase

THIS A NEW MONTH AND NEW SERIES IMMERSION TECHNO RADIO SHOW BY DH@T LISTEN TO US. IMMERSIO TECHNO RADIO SHOW EVENTS ► www.facebook.com/events/419799414805203/?fref=ts DH@T RADIO ► www.apocalyptofmradio.com/dhot/ FACEBOOK ► www.facebook.com/dhat.chapeau?fref=ts SOUNDCLOUD ► @djhat MIXCLOUD ► www.x.mixcloud.com/dhatchapeau/ BIO Hervé Hat aka Dh @ t, born in the south of France (30 km from Toulouse) in 1971 Parents Belgian enthusiast Music electronics since the age of 16 years and above influence of techno 90s (Borealis, john & stepheson , laurant Garnier, Carl Cox, Dave Clark, and many others). Trained chef, is not professional DJ, but a big fan of techno / dark and today thanks to the internet, can speak on radio as “AFM Radio, In Progress, Kanak fatal Radio Fnoob ……. . “Influancé by djs like: Michael Schwarz, Rhate, Octave, Torsten_Kanzler, Tonikattitude and …… Techno is without moderation …………….

Hello and Welcome to Lehmann Podcast #074 - Michael Schwarz! ‘Passion is the driving gear.’ DJ, Producer, Live-Act and Label Owner Michael Schwarz stands for music with passion and love for the detail. His carrer starts 2007 with his first hard techno releases at Globaltraxx Records. With the time his sound changed to rolling kicks, deep basses, spheric waves with many variations of rides and hats. Michael Schwarz released his tracks at Hard Drive Records, Naked Lunch, Praxxiz, TKR, SWR, 43 Recordings, CREDO, Remute, Protect Records, Blind Spot Music, Brickwork, Nachtstrom Schallplatten, Android Muziq, ReWashed, Elektrax Recordings, Hidden Records, Vilena Records, Gynoid Audio, Black Plastic, HouzeSlave Records and many more. He had several collaborations with artists like Alex Bau, Gary Beck, Justin Berkovi, Angel Alanis, Adam Jay, Torsten Kanzler, Remute, Matt K, Virgil Enzinger, Luis Flores, Ryuji Takeuchi, A. Brothers, Plankton & Trebor and many more. More Info on Michael Schwarz: https://www.facebook.com/MichaelSchwarzMusic/ https://soundcloud.com/michael-schwarz-music

Michael Schwarz - Hell Beat Podcast #159 by Struktur Podcast

Dr Hoffmann - Mastertraxx Podcast 146 | Dr Hoffmann Dr Hoffmann Prescribes a Daily Dose of Techno in the latest Mastertraxx Techno Podcast - September 2013 01. VSK & Ji@ - Untitled Noise (VSK Sine Edit) / Ang Records 02. Mark Morris – Corpo (Original Mix) / REZ 03. Oscar Mulero – False Statement (Original Mix) / Warm Up Recordings 04. Kramnik – Flex (Flug Remix) / Kram Records 05. Liss C. & Micol Danieli – X 2.0 (Original Mix) / REZ 06. Tortured – Inhale (Audio Injection Remix) / Deadcert Records 07. Paul Begge & Mike Rud – Unerwartet (Gabeen Remix) / Switch Off Records 08. Flex – Building The Efforts (Daegon Remix) / Crunch Control 09. Drumcell – Disturbance (Pfirter Remix II) 10. Excluded – Absurdity (Original Mix) / Local Sound Network 11. Ryuji Takeuchi – Scattered (Original Mix) / Blind Spot Music 12. Michael Schwarz, Israel Toledo – Stronger (Michael Schwarz Remix) / Assassin Soldier Recordings 13. Albert Kraner, Nicolas Oliver – Fight For Life (Deh-Noiser Darkside Remix) / LW Recordings 14. Darpa – Renektion 13 (Elbodrop Remix) / Shout Records 15. Michel Lauriola – Black Sonda (Original Mix) / Crunch Control 16. Erphun – Scorpion Ninjas (Ryuji Takeuchi Remix) / Brood Audio 17. Aima & Abori – Mechanism (Original Mix) / Crunch Control 18. Dorian Gray – Beyond The Wormhole (Akkya’s Arecibo Decryption) / City Wall Records

MNTNPC011 - MONOTON:audio pres. Michael Schwarz

Dr Hoffmann: 01. Hector Oaks – Random Fear Generator (Original Mix) / Par Recordings 02. Mr Jones – BAR (Bas Mooy Mix 2) / The Public Stand 03. PVS – Arsenal (Original Mix) / M_Rec Ltd 04. Empty Room – Coin (Ricardo Garduno Remix) / Amazon Records 05. David Meiser – Distress (Original Mix) / Pareto Park 06. Herz Bass – IX12 (Hans Bouffmyhre Remix) / Deadcert 07. Vegim – Lecker (Original Mix) 08. Miss Sunshine – Ground Loop / Decoy Records 09. NX1 – EOD1 / NX1 10. Gabeen – Untitled 11. Uron - Solar Wind (Original Mix) / Refluxed Records 12. Gabeen & Dr Hoffmann – Crunchy Bones (Michael Schwarz Remix) / Crunch Control 13. R. Cooper – CR.0X (Original Mix) / TMM Records 14. Peat Noise – Cyanogen (Hiab Remix) / Switch Off Records 15. The 4matter – Turgescent (Sutter Cane Remix) / Armatura Records Mark Anxious: DJ Set Performed and Mixed LIVE on the Allen & Heath Xone DB4. 01. Mark Anxious 'Intro' 02. Drumcell 'Disturbance' (Tommy Four Seven Remix) 03. Measure Divide 'Aux' 04. Exor Goticz 'Stiletto' (Original Mix) 05. Reeko 'Passage' 06. Reeko 'Passage 2' 07. Exium 'Wolf Rayet' 08. Drumcell 'Disturbance' (Pfirter Remix) 09. Brian Burger 'Warhammer' (The Horrorist Remix) 10. Excluded 'Absurdity' (Original Mix) 11. Michael Schwarz 'Numb' (Cortechs Remix) 12. Repressor 'On The Floor' (Bjoern Torwellen Remix) 13. Modal Bank Fixon Dig-It 'Resolution' (Modal Bank Fiction Dig-It Remix) 14. Krämer and Niereich feat Marc Arcadipane 'We Have Arrived 2013' (Section 1 Mix) 15. Mark Anxious 'Outro' This show is syndicated & distributed exclusively by Syndicast. If you are a radio station interested in airing the show or would like to distribute your podcast / radio show please register here: https://syndicast.co.uk/distribution/registration

01. Panoramic Blur - Lokator (VSK Remix) / C.R.S.Recordings 02802. Energun - Tettris (Scalameriya Remix) / Armatura 03. Oliver Deutschmann - Braineater (Original Mix) / Caduceus 04. Chris Page - The Last Mrs Tanqueray (Original Mix) / Sonntag Morgen 05. Andrei Morant - Switch (Original Mix) / Dystopian Rhythm 06. Claudio Petroni & Out Noise - Skeleton 47 (Go!Diva Remix) / Idark Records 07. A-Hat - Inspired (Niereich & Linus Quick Remix) / Refluxed Records 08. Sync Therapy - Nethanisor (J-T Kyre Remix) / Elmart 09. Lorenzo D'Ianni - Heartache (Alex Bau Repaint) 10. Formal Method - No Stress 11. Hackler & Kuch - Z6 (Bjorn Torwellen Remix) 12. Morgan Tomas - Hacking (Cortechs Wires & Waves Mix) 13. Paralyctic - Braindealer 14. Jey Nyfer - La Baze (Static Sense Remix) 15. Dickslap - Die Hard 16. Mike Maass & Pappemheimer - We Control (Darpa Remix) 17. Yuukai Sakai - Pacific Belt 18. Submerge & Ricardo Garduno - Voces (Simo Lorenz Remix) / Driving Forces 19. Audiowomb - Tunicata (Brian Burger Remix) / Audiokraft 20. Jonas Kopp - Living Dead (Original Mix) / Traut Muzik 21. Hackler & Kuch - Z6 (Original Mix) / Mechanism 22. Wex 10 - Enreg (Original Mix) 23. Bekkar & Primal Beat - Click (Hiab Remix) / Naughty Pills 24. Michael Schwarz, Israel Toledo - Stronger (Mixhael Schwarz Remix) / Assassin Soldier 25. Paul Begge & Mike Rud - Unerwartet (Gabeen Remix) / Switch Off Records 26. Andrei Morant - Trash Talker 27. Patriek - Anticipation 28. Patriek - Rainy Days 29. Pjotr G - Grit 30. Hoth System - Marsupial 31. Urbano - Shape 32. Draag - Punching Machine 33. Strck - Mistral (Lee Holman Remix) This show is syndicated & distributed exclusively by Syndicast. If you are a radio station interested in airing the show or would like to distribute your podcast / radio show please register here: https://syndicast.co.uk/distribution/registration

Blind Spot Radio Show 226 | Gabeen & Dr Hoffmannnn01. Panoramic Blur - Lokator (VSK Remix) / C.R.S.Recordings 028 02. Energun - Tettris (Scalameriya Remix) / Armatura 03. Oliver Deutschmann - Braineater (Original Mix) / Caduceus 04. Chris Page - The Last Mrs Tanqueray (Original Mix) / Sonntag Morgen 05. Andrei Morant - Switch (Original Mix) / Dystopian Rhythm 06. Claudio Petroni & Out Noise - Skeleton 47 (Go!Diva Remix) / Idark Records 07. A-Hat - Inspired (Niereich & Linus Quick Remix) / Refluxed Records 08. Sync Therapy - Nethanisor (J-T Kyre Remix) / Elmart 09. Lorenzo D'Ianni - Heartache (Alex Bau Repaint) 10. Formal Method - No Stress 11. Hackler & Kuch - Z6 (Bjorn Torwellen Remix) 12. Morgan Tomas - Hacking (Cortechs Wires & Waves Mix) 13. Paralyctic - Braindealer 14. Jey Nyfer - La Baze (Static Sense Remix) 15. Dickslap - Die Hard 16. Mike Maass & Pappemheimer - We Control (Darpa Remix) 17. Yuukai Sakai - Pacific Belt 18. Submerge & Ricardo Garduno - Voces (Simo Lorenz Remix) / Driving Forces 19. Audiowomb - Tunicata (Brian Burger Remix) / Audiokraft 20. Jonas Kopp - Living Dead (Original Mix) / Traut Muzik 21. Hackler & Kuch - Z6 (Original Mix) / Mechanism 22. Wex 10 - Enreg (Original Mix) 23. Bekkar & Primal Beat - Click (Hiab Remix) / Naughty Pills 24. Michael Schwarz, Israel Toledo - Stronger (Mixhael Schwarz Remix) / Assassin Soldier 25. Paul Begge & Mike Rud - Unerwartet (Gabeen Remix) / Switch Off Records 26. Andrei Morant - Trash Talker 27. Patriek - Anticipation 28. Patriek - Rainy Days 29. Pjotr G - Grit 30. Hoth System - Marsupial 31. Urbano - Shape 32. Draag - Punching Machine 33. Strck - Mistral (Lee Holman Remix)

Dr Hoffmann: 01. Servent – Fragmentize / Downstream Records 02. David Meiser – Inner Fight / Cicuta 03. Spherical Coordinates – Scjkn 13 / Polegroup 04. Erphun – A Day With Bugsy / Illegal Alien Records 05. Extra Dry – Homework (Dolgener Remix) / Refluxed Records 06. Albert Kraner, Nicolas Oliver – Fight For Life (Deh-Noiser Darkside Remix) / Lw Recordings 07. Monocraft – Worm (Michael Schwarz Remix) / Crunch Control 08. Takaaki Itoh – Dusker / Modular 09. Frank Sonic, Mike Maass – Blizzard (A.Mochi Remix) / Trapez 10. Bas Mooy – King Of Echo Echo (Ascion & D. Carbone Remix) / Blind Spot Music 11. Virgil Enzinger – Odic Force (Ryuji Takeuchi Remix) / Blind Spot Music 12. Angel Costa – Munchausen / Brood Audio 13. Erphun – Unlikely Match / Illegal Alien Records 14. Hans Bouffmyhre – Mind Wrap / Free Track 15. Michael Schwarz, Israel Toledo – Stronger (Michael Schwarz Remix) / Assassin Soldier 16. Virgil Enzinger – Odic Force (Albert Kraner Remix) / Blind Spot Music Mike Humphries: 01. Brian Burger – Warhammer / Nachtstrom Schallplatten 02. Zubharm - Chicago Loop 03. The Advent & Jason Fernandes - Get Upped (Industrialyzer Remix) 04. Tom Laws - Eagle Eyes / Organism 05. Dj Ant - Tankslapper / Soitiz 06. Mike Väth - Bass Space (Original Mix) / Nachtstrom Schallplatten 07. Mike Humphries - Tactical Recon 08. Diarmaid O Meara - Ripcord - Mike Humphries Remix 09. Clouds - Chained To A Dead Camel 10. Mike Humphries - (We Sleep) They Live 11. Bodyscrub - Zero Latency 12. Robert Capuano - Running Shadows 13. Sven Wittekind - Measure Of Justice 14. Mike Humphries - Technotic Regression 15. Subfractal – Maschine / Sound Of Acapulco 16. Steve Poindexter - Computer Madness (Function Vs Jerome Sydenham Remix) 17. Bam Bam - Where's Your Child (Codec & Cortae Mix) 18. Hackler & Kuch Vs Overlook Hotel - Engine Reject (Mike Humphries Remix) / Nachtstrom Schallplatten This show is syndicated & distributed exclusively by Syndicast. If you are a radio station interested in airing the show or would like to distribute your podcast / radio show please register here: https://syndicast.co.uk/distribution/registration

Blind Spot Radio Show 224 | Mike Humphries & Dr HoffmannnnDr Hoffmann: 01. Servent – Fragmentize / Downstream Records 02. David Meiser – Inner Fight / Cicuta 03. Spherical Coordinates – Scjkn 13 / Polegroup 04. Erphun – A Day With Bugsy / Illegal Alien Records 05. Extra Dry – Homework (Dolgener Remix) / Refluxed Records 06. Albert Kraner, Nicolas Oliver – Fight For Life (Deh-Noiser Darkside Remix) / Lw Recordings 07. Monocraft – Worm (Michael Schwarz Remix) / Crunch Control 08. Takaaki Itoh – Dusker / Modular 09. Frank Sonic, Mike Maass – Blizzard (A.Mochi Remix) / Trapez 10. Bas Mooy – King Of Echo Echo (Ascion & D. Carbone Remix) / Blind Spot Music 11. Virgil Enzinger – Odic Force (Ryuji Takeuchi Remix) / Blind Spot Music 12. Angel Costa – Munchausen / Brood Audio 13. Erphun – Unlikely Match / Illegal Alien Records 14. Hans Bouffmyhre – Mind Wrap / Free Track 15. Michael Schwarz, Israel Toledo – Stronger (Michael Schwarz Remix) / Assassin Soldier 16. Virgil Enzinger – Odic Force (Albert Kraner Remix) / Blind Spot Music Mike Humphries: 01. Brian Burger – Warhammer / Nachtstrom Schallplatten 02. Zubharm - Chicago Loop 03. The Advent & Jason Fernandes - Get Upped (Industrialyzer Remix) 04. Tom Laws - Eagle Eyes / Organism 05. Dj Ant - Tankslapper / Soitiz 06. Mike Väth - Bass Space (Original Mix) / Nachtstrom Schallplatten 07. Mike Humphries - Tactical Recon 08. Diarmaid O Meara - Ripcord - Mike Humphries Remix 09. Clouds - Chained To A Dead Camel 10. Mike Humphries - (We Sleep) They Live 11. Bodyscrub - Zero Latency 12. Robert Capuano - Running Shadows 13. Sven Wittekind - Measure Of Justice 14. Mike Humphries - Technotic Regression 15. Subfractal – Maschine / Sound Of Acapulco 16. Steve Poindexter - Computer Madness (Function Vs Jerome Sydenham Remix) 17. Bam Bam - Where's Your Child (Codec & Cortae Mix) 18. Hackler & Kuch Vs Overlook Hotel - Engine Reject (Mike Humphries Remix) / Nachtstrom Schallplatten

Subscribe to Banging Techno Sets on iTunes https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/banging-techno-sets/id1453474812?mt=2 ___ Flex Flex comes from France. He's co-manager of the label Mekanism Records and Black Pearl Music, techno labels from the south of France. Releases on his label - Spiros Kaloumenos, Deh Noizer, Logotech, Mark Morris, Frankyeffe, Dandi & Ugo, Morgan Tomas and many others. His productions are supported by Richie Hawtin, Dubfire, Umek, David Carretta, Dave Clarke, Tommy Four Seven, Perc. He made closings performance for The Advent & Industrialyzer, Jeff Mills, OscarMulero, Spektre, Umek, Piatto, Dandi & Ugo, Marco Bailey, Fergie .. His first album was called "Mental Disaster". Flex is really one to watch out for in the Techno scene! Facebook - www.facebook.com/pages/FLEX/285524449568?sk=wall Soundcloud - http://soundcloud.com/flex-1 _____ Hackler & Kuch Known in the Amsterdam underground techno scene for their loud, dark, deep and merciless productions and sets, Hackler & Kuch are to be reckoned as one of the more daring Dutch-based Techno producers. Hackler & Kuch, real names Bo Andrée and Ernst vd Berg, started their career in 2009 as Dj’s. They played small minimal parties in and around the city of Leiden. In 2010 they started their ‘Hackler & Kuch’ project in which they moved their focus towards more deeper and peaktime focused techno. By the end of 2010 they had their first works ready and In 2011 they released on platforms such as Ireland/Germany based Gobsmacked Records and UK based Transmissions. Their first full album ‘Beethoven was deaf too!’ was released at US based Machine Box Records. After that they quickly made their way to other labels such as Rome’s The-Zone Records, where they released their well received Duck & Cover EP, which included remixes from Austria’s Niereich, Italy’s Logotech and Germany based Cortechs. Furthermore they released their ‘Locomotiv’ remix for Distn at Unofficial Records, which was charted by Sasha Carassi in his June 2011 Beatport Chart. More recently they released their Trans Lunar Injection EP with co-producer and friend Niereich at Berlin based Nachtstrom Schallplatten. Including remixes from Japan’s grande Ryuji Takeuchi, TK-Records owner Torsten Kanzler, Michael Schwarz and Brian Burger. At the moment, end 2011, Hackler & Kuch have their works released at Nachtstrom Schallplatten, TK Records, The-Zone, Gobsmacked, Transmissions, Machine Box, UnofficialRecords and Hello Japan. More works are scheduled at Construct Rythm, owned by German legend Andreas Kraemer, Rewashed LTD, Mechno, Nachtstrom Schalplatten, Machine box and more. A full EP with co-producer and Amsterdam based friend Jeff Rushin will appear at Tanz Factory by the end of 2011. Additionally they will continue to collaborate with Niereich and more collab tracks and remixes with him can be expected throughout 2012. Some Hackler & Kuch tracks Hackler-kuch – Frakt006-hackler-kuch-vs-couch Hackler-kuch – Nstdg026-trans-lunar-injection And a taster of that there sets are all about - soundcloud: http://soundcloud.com/hackler-kuch Facebook: www.facebook.com/pages/Hackler-Ku…/206390009391011 ___ BrettHit Markus Danowski a.k.a. BrettHit was born 03.Feb.1985 in Ratingen near by Düsseldorf. Dj since 02.2010 Producer since 01.2010 Style: Techno//Techno//Techno Resident @ : BunkerTV.de Sound Of Poison (Butan Club) Dirty Disco (Opium Club) Facebook www.facebook.com/BrettHitOfficial Soundcloud http://soundcloud.com/bretthit ___ Banging Techno sets Subscribe to Banging Techno Sets on iTunes https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/banging-techno-sets/id1453474812?mt=2 Well really looking forward to this show! If this is your first time listening to Banging Techno sets don't be a stranger we air every 2 weeks and bring you some of the biggest names in underground techno plus a whole load other exciting techno from round the globe!

Michael Schwarz (DE) - NightVIsion Techno PODCAST 20 Pt. 2 Bio: Passion is the driving gear. DJ, Producer and Label Owner Michael Schwarz stands for music with passion and love for the detail. His carrer starts 2007 with his first Hardtechno releases at Globaltraxx Records. His sound changed to rolling kicks, deep basses, spheric waves with many variations of rides and hats. Michael Schwarz released his tracks at Naked Lunch, TKR, 43 Recordings, CREDO, Remute, Protect Records, Brickwork, Nachstrom Schallplatten, Android Muziq, ReWashed, Elektrax Recordings, Hidden Records, Vilena Records, Gynoid Audio, Black Plastic, HouzeSlave Records and many more. He had several collaborations with artists like Alex Bau, Gary Beck, Justin Berkovi, Angel Alanis, Adam Jay, Torsten Kanzler, Remute, Matt K, Virgil Enzinger, Luis Flores, Ryuji Takeuchi, A. Brothers, Plankton & Trebor and many more. Tracklist: 01. Ryuji Takeuchi - Hampuku Session Two 02. Developer - Origins (Jeroen Search Remix) 03. MOTOR - Hyper Lust (Pfirter Remix) 04. Spark Taberner - Scene One 05. Hans Bouffmyhre - Hurricane 06. Mike Laz - Into The Delusional (Audio Injection Remix) 07. Michael Schwarz - Numb [UNRELEASED] 08. SP-X - X-5684 09. MPIA3 - WTTP 10. Harvard Bass - Bugged 11. Christopher Kah - Electro Body Manipulation 12. Mark Reeve - Dice 13. Untitled - Demo Total Time: 1:07:26 More info: Michael Schwarz Official Website: http://www.mschwarz.net/ Michael Schwarz on Beatport: http://www.beatport.com/artist/michael-schwarz/47289 NightVision Techno PODCAST on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/hu/podcast/nightvision-techno-podcast/id472942249 NightVision Techno PODCAST on WWW.ILOVETECHNO.HU: http://www.ilovetechno.hu/nightvision NightVision Techno PODCAST on MIXCLOUD and DIRECT LINK: http://www.mixcloud.com/nightvision_techno_podcast/ NightVision Techno PODCAST on FB: http://www.facebook.com/nightvisiontechno NightVision Techno PODCAST on YOUTUBE: http://www.youtube.com/nightvisiontechno E-mail: nightvisiontechnopodcast@t-online.hu

Live act - No tracklist is available! This show is syndicated & distributed exclusively by Syndicast. If you are a radio station interested in airing the show or would like to distribute your podcast / radio show please register here: https://syndicast.co.uk/distribution/registration

Blind Spot Radio Show 192 | Michael Schwarz & Dr HoffmannnnLive act - No tracklist is available!

The-Zone Podcast #24 with: Michael Schwarz Special Show on M2o Fm into Dark Knights Show Exclusive!Deh-Noizer & Kleiner Als Drei – Solar Flower Miriam Macri – Impure (Eugene Remix) Frank Sonic & Mike Maass – Blizzard (A. Mochi Remix) Lui Urbano – Orange Bud (Dacido & Meta Remix) Radio Slave – Absolute Absolute (Jerome Sydenham Remix) Matador – Faberge (Gary Beck Remix) A. Mochi – C2M (Gary Beck Remix) Michael Schwarz – Spica Michael Schwarz – Demeter MKO DJ – This Is When I Close (Michael Schwarz Remix) Hans Bouffmyhre – Demon Within (Pfirter Remix) Pär Grindvik – Sinister (Gary Beck Remix)

New Breed Of The Blind Spot 022 | Michael Schwarznn01, Nightnoise – Endless Desire (Michael Schwarz Remix) 02, Tommy Four Seven – Ratu (Original Mix) 03, Stefano Infusino – Black Gujiri (Original Mix) 04, Hans Bouffmyhre – Dirty Faces (Original Mix) 05, Mark Broom – Eye Of The Tiger (Original Mix) 06, Sven Wittekind – Hubster (Original Mix) 07, Obtane – Waterstorm (Original Mix) 08, Diarmaid O Meara – The Trip (Original Mix) 09, Datacore – Can Do It (Cortechs Remix) 10, Virgil Enzinger – Subvoice (Michael Schwarz Remix) 11, Michael Schwarz – Sleeve (Original Mix) 12, Michael Schwarz – Reincarnation (Original Mix)

An interview with Michael Schwarz, President of Kikim Media, and Associate Producer Erika Trautman on the porch of the Adams House Museum in July of 2006. Kikim Media has produced the special features material for the Seasons 1 and 2 HBO Deadwood DVDs, and were in town shooting footage for the Season 3 DVD.