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4 episodes with David Ludwig
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2 episodes with David Ludwig
3 episodes with David Ludwig
3 episodes with David Ludwig
4 episodes with David Ludwig
2 episodes with David Ludwig
2 episodes with David Ludwig
Is nutrition research getting the support it needs to inform public health policy?Despite the rise in chronic diseases related to lifestyle factors like diet, nutrition research only receives $2.2 billion of the $30 billion NIH budget.At first glance, this may seem like a lot of money, but its utilization is spread thin, and, as Dr. David Ludwig and Gary Taubes highlight in this interview, it's primarily used to fund misleading short term trials that confirm existing nutrition biases.However, if we want to actually address the chronic disease epidemic, we must increase the resources allocated to nutrition research AND the quality of that research.In this video, journalist Gary Taubes and Harvard endocrinologist Dr. David Ludwig expose the core problems in today's most cited nutrition studies and offer a bold new path forward.In this conversation, you'll learn:Why short-term feeding studies can't tell us much about chronic diseaseHow confirmation bias shapes which nutrition studies get funded, published, and accepted by the medical community and policy makersThe major flaws in NIH-funded research comparing low-carb vs. low-fat dietsWhy the focus on ultra-processed foods is only part of the solutionHow we could design better long-term studies that actually help people get healthierIt's time to question the status quo and demand better utilization of research funds to inform public health policy in a way that can impactfully improve the health of our population.We encourage you to share this interview so more people can understand the flaws in existing nutrition science and what we can do to fix it.Expert Featured:Gary Taubeshttp://x.com/garytaubes?lang=enhttps://www.linkedin.com/in/gary-taubes-942a6459/Dr. David Ludwig, MDhttps://www.linkedin.com/in/davidludwigmd/https://x.com/davidludwigmdResources Mentioned:Studieshttps://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2024-082963https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.03.23296501https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2673150https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1212914https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.008Short-term diet trials are designed to failhttps://www.statnews.com/2025/04/22/nutrition-precision-health-short-term-diet-trials-chronic-disease-food/Gary's Substack Articlehttps://uncertaintyprinciples.substack.com/p/nih-has-a-nutrition-problem-partCMEs Mentioned:Managing Major Mental Illness with Dietary Change: The New Science of Hopehttps://www.mycme.com/courses/managing-major-mental-illness-with-dietary-change-9616Brain Energy: The Metabolic Theory of Mental Illnesshttps://www.mycme.com/courses/brain-energy-the-metabolic-theory-of-mental-illness-9615Follow our channel for more information and education from Bret Scher, MD, FACC, including interviews with leading experts in Metabolic Psychiatry.Learn more about metabolic psychiatry and find helpful resources at https://metabolicmind.org/About us:Metabolic Mind is a non-profit initiative of Baszucki Group working to transform the study and treatment of mental disorders by exploring the connection between metabolism and brain health. We leverage the science of metabolic psychiatry and personal stories to offer education, community, and hope to people struggling with mental health challenges and those who care for them.Our channel is for informational purposes only. We are not providing individual or group medical or healthcare advice nor establishing a provider-patient relationship. Many of the interventions we discuss can have dramatic or potentially dangerous effects if done without proper supervision. Consult your healthcare provider before changing your lifestyle or medications.
On Prophecy Radio episode #135, Karen and Kristen keep chugging right along with The Red Pyramid by discussing chapters 25 and 26! They also talk about Graci Kim's new release, Dreamslinger and check in on April's spotlight on independent bookstores. New episodes of Prophecy Radio will air every other week. All discussions are PG-13. News and Updates (00:04:59) Graci Kim's Dreamslinger is out now! Independent Bookstore day was fun. Kristen got a chance to check out a new store near her. We learn about an independent bookstore we want to visit in the UK someday. Columbus Book Festival has Roseanne A. Brown this year! Any upcoming book events near you? Let us know! Rick's Bluesky account continues to delight. Deep cut deities are a fabulous way to learn more about Greek mythology. The Red Pyramid discussion (00:19:13) Diving in to The Red Pyramid chapter 25 Back in Carter's POV! First we address Carter's thoughts on his being forced to take lizard-shape. Then back to the plot… and Thoth. Giant pyramid arena shows that ancient cultures show up in modern cities and countries. Graceland was absolutely a test for both Sadie and Carter. Is that glow that the building gave off after Thoth tossed the ankh around the statue's neck important?! Thoth doesn't help them understand the painting, but the magic book he has a little guidance for. There is an incantation that will allow them to banish Set to the Duat where he will be contained for centuries. They will need to learn Set's secret name and a Feather of Truth from the Land of Anubis. Khufu is gonna play guide. A wild riverboat appears! Favorite lines and favorite scenes! And now chapter 26 The Egyptian Queen has eyes painted that are moving, blinking, and looking for trouble. We discuss if that has something to do with mastheads on other ships. Bast is back! She introduces us to Captain Bloostained Blade, complete with human body and a double-bladed battle ax for a head. And the red specks on the edge of the blade are concerning… A boat you can summon once a year when you need it? Sign me up. Giving BSB their desination feels like telling a genie a wish. The last time Bast was on this boat, she was with Julius, and the kids' mother had just died. Cats and serpents are mortal enemies, which explains Bast and Apophis. The Ma'at doesn't like it when you insult order. That way lies chaos. Carter goes to bed and his ba immediately takes off. His ba gets to watch a crazy plane situation that Zia & Dejardins handle very skillfully. And a snow storm in Brooklyn. And finally a memory of what exactly Set did to Osiris, and what it means for Julius. Sadie wakes Carter. They have arrived at the First Cataract, aka The Land of the Dead. Favorite lines and favorite scenes! Feedback (01:12:46) A huge thanks to David Ludwig for his lobster roll advice! Kristen is excited to look for both hot and cold preparations while she is in Maine. Thanks for listening, and tune in next time for episode 136, where we'll discuss The Red Pyramid chapters 27 and 28, as well as get you up to date on whatever Percy Jackson news might pop up. This episode's hosts are: Karen and Kristen Each episode, Prophecy Radio‘s hosts will discuss any official news coming out of Camp Half-Blood before doing a chapter by chapter reread of Percy Jackson or one of Rick Riordan's other series. Follow Us: Instagram // Facebook // Tumblr Listen and Subscribe: Audioboom // Apple // Spotify Feel free to leave us your questions or comments through any of these mediums! You can also email us at prophecyradiopodcast@gmail.com or visit our homepage for archives and more information about our show. Prophecy Radio is a Subjectify Media podcast production. Visit Subjectify Media for more shows, including Not Another Teen Wolf Podcast, ReWatchable, and Not About The Weather, and for all our latest articles about the stories we're passionate about.
Today's wisdom comes from Always Hungry? by David Ludwig. If you're loving Heroic Wisdom Daily, be sure to subscribe to the emails at heroic.us/wisdom-daily. And… Imagine unlocking access to the distilled wisdom form 700+ of the greatest books ever written. That's what Heroic Premium offers: Unlimited access to every Philosopher's Note. Daily inspiration and actionable tools to optimize your energy, work, and love. Personalized coaching features to help you stay consistent and focused Upgrade to Heroic Premium → Know someone who'd love this? Share Heroic Wisdom Daily with them, and let's grow together in 2025! Share Heroic Wisdom Daily →
Erik och Jacob diskuterar två debattartiklar denna vecka. Först ut är en artikel i Aftonbladet av Fanny Nilsson med titeln ”Är det lösningen – ska alla ta Ozempic nu?” där hon tar upp det positiva med att det finns fetmamediciner samtidigt som hon kritiserar politiker och samhället för att det inte sker några förändringar av miljön som påverkar så många människor negativt när det gäller hälsa. Efter det diskuteras en artikel i STAT News skriven av lågkolhydratkostförespråkaren David Ludwig där han kritiserar kortsiktiga dietstudier i en debattartikel med titeln ”Short-term diet trials are designed to fail”. Ludwig tycker inte att de väldigt välkontrollerade studierna på några enstaka veckor ger tillräckligt bra information utan istället säger han att man måste samla in pengar nog för att genomföra stora långvariga dietstudier där man testar olika dieter mot varandra. Framför allt eftersöker han studier på lågkolhydratkost över längre tid. På Hälsoveckan by Tyngres instagram kan du hitta bilder relaterat till detta och tidigare avsnitt. Hålltider (00:00:00) Introsnack (00:03:32) Fanny Nilsson om Ozempic och samhällets apati mot att försöka förbättra folkhälsan (00:24:33) David Ludwig tycker inte att korta välkontrollerade studier är bra
Dr Becky Gilaspy's Book : https://amzn.to/496RiIp Dr David Ludwig's Book : https://amzn.to/3CRnbIO Dr David Harper's Book: https://amzn.to/4hWtzyN I speak with renowned leaders of the health science world such as Dr Becky Gilaspy, Dr David Ludwig and Dr David Harper on the supreme and obvious health benefits of embracing a low carbohydrate diet. Each expert gives me their opinions on the negative health effects of the existing western diet including obesity, systemic inflammation, chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and high blood pressure. We also hear how simple changes in carbohyrate consumption and the rejection of ultraprocessed foods can bring out positive health outcomes. The dangers of high carbohyrate foods : https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSKlhyEANfi8hZFoFoJun_lLhULcYg5JW Weightloss series : https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSKlhyEANfi-pO3W2hejnDUsgMQ9GPvpZ The health benefits fo exercise : https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSKlhyEANfi_vM1nbpcV-PlvWjSZ872EC Order Happy Habits for Mind and Body Audiobook: https://amzn.to/3KeQmGr Order Kindle copy of Happy Habits for Mind and Body : https://amzn.to/4c9T38f Order US paperback of Happy Habits for Mind and Body : https://amzn.to/4bxczeT Order UK paperback of Happy Habits for Mind and Body : https://rb.gy/jtfea5 Listen to all previous podcast episodes of the Happy Habit Podcast via these podcast platforms : Apple Podcasts https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/happy-habit-podcast Amazon https://www.amazon.com/Happy-Habit-Podcast/dp/B08K5887J8 Amazon music : https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/670836c2-ea4c-4a23-a67d-a54dd804ef61/happy-habit-podcast Spotify https://https://open.spotify.com/show/2VKIhQK6mYTzLCO8haUoRd Google Podcasts : https://t.ly/hTU8q ----- Follow the Happy Habit Podcast at: Website: https://happyhabitpodcast.wordpress.com/Facebook: Twitter: https://twitter.com/mathieunorry Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/happyhabitpodcast/ Music used is Purple planet Music crediit goes to them
Today's +1 features wisdom from Dr. Casey Means, Dr. David Ludwig and Peter Attia. Heroic: https://heroic.us ← "Heroic is the best self-development platform in the world." — John Mackey, co-founder & former CEO of Whole Foods Market Want access to more wisdom in time? Get access to over 1,500 +1's (just like this!) and 650+ Philosopher's Notes (distilling life-changing big ideas from the best self-development books ever written) and a LOT more with our Heroic Premium membership. Learn more and get 30 days free at https://heroic.us
Today's +1 features wisdom from Dr. Casey Means and Dr. David Ludwig. Heroic: https://heroic.us ← "Heroic is the best self-development platform in the world." — John Mackey, co-founder & former CEO of Whole Foods Market Want access to more wisdom in time? Get access to over 1,500 +1's (just like this!) and 650+ Philosopher's Notes (distilling life-changing big ideas from the best self-development books ever written) and a LOT more with our Heroic Premium membership. Learn more and get 30 days free at https://heroic.us
Today's +1 features wisdom from Dr. Casey Means and Dr. David Ludwig. Heroic: https://heroic.us ← "Heroic is the best self-development platform in the world." — John Mackey, co-founder & former CEO of Whole Foods Market Want access to more wisdom in time? Get access to over 1,500 +1's (just like this!) and 650+ Philosopher's Notes (distilling life-changing big ideas from the best self-development books ever written) and a LOT more with our Heroic Premium membership. Learn more and get 30 days free at https://heroic.us
View Show Notes From This Episode Get Free Weekly Health Tips from Dr. Hyman Sign Up for Dr. Hyman's Weekly Longevity Journal Got milk? Well, you might want to reconsider that after listening to this episode. I explore the truth about milk with Dr. David Ludwig, including its nutritional value, health risks, and the impact of modern dairy farming practices. Together, we challenge the conventional wisdom that promotes high dairy intake and we discuss the latest scientific research that questions its necessity and safety. You'll gain a deeper understanding of how dairy affects your health and what alternatives might be better for your diet. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health, AG1, and Cymbiotika. Streamline your lab orders with Rupa Health. Access more than 3,000 specialty lab tests and register for a FREE live demo at RupaHealth.com. Get your daily serving of vitamins, minerals, adaptogens, and more with AG1. Head to DrinkAG1.com/Hyman and get a year's worth of D3 and five Travel Packs for FREE with your first order. Upgrade your supplement routine with Cymbiotika. Get 20% off with free shipping on all orders. Head to Cymbiotika.com and use code HYMAN.
Dr David Ludwig's book Always Hungry : https://amzn.to/4dYbvlD Dr David Ludwig author of Always hungry, joins me, we talk about how the obesity epidemic is over simplified and that its not just a case of eat less and move more. Dr Ludwig tells us how people with type 2 diabetes can see changes quite quickly if they address their carbohydrate intake. We hear how the food pyramid was wrong all those years ago and we learn of the metabolic benefits of a low carb, higher fat diet. We explore the role exercise can play in helping tackle obesity. Plus find out the impacts stress and lack of sleep can have on your cravings. Music used is Purple planet Music crediit goes to them Order Happy Habits for Mind and Body Audiobook: https://amzn.to/3KeQmGr Order Kindle copy of Happy Habits for Mind and Body : https://amzn.to/4c9T38f Order US paperback of Happy Habits for Mind and Body : https://amzn.to/4bxczeT Order UK paperback of Happy Habits for Mind and Body : https://rb.gy/jtfea5 Listen to all previous podcast episodes of the Happy Habit Podcast via these podcast platforms : Apple Podcasts https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/happy-habit-podcast Amazon https://www.amazon.com/Happy-Habit-Podcast/dp/B08K5887J8 Amazon music : https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/670836c2-ea4c-4a23-a67d-a54dd804ef61/happy-habit-podcast Spotify https://https://open.spotify.com/show/2VKIhQK6mYTzLCO8haUoRd Google Podcasts : https://t.ly/hTU8q ----- Follow the Happy Habit Podcast at: Website: https://happyhabitpodcast.wordpress.com/Facebook: Twitter: https://twitter.com/mathieunorry Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/happyhabitpodcast/ Newsletter:
Episode 2483 - On this Friday's show Vinnie Tortorich welcomes Dr. Penny Figtree and they discuss how using low-carb lifestyle for metabolic health can be like a miracle, semiglutide, and more. https://vinnietortorich.com/2024/05/like-a-miracle-dr-penny-figtree-episode-2483 PLEASE SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS YOU CAN WATCH THIS EPISODE ON YOUTUBE - Like A Miracle Dr. Figtree is in Australia and specializes in metabolic health. (2:00) She focused on low-carb in 2018. She used to prescribe meds, but she realized how many cases were metabolic issues. She tried to prescribe lifestyle changes, but people wouldn't stick to them. But once she discovered Drs. Jason Fung and David Ludwig, her eyes opened with what she could do. She feels the success of her patients using low-carb works like a miracle compared to previous methods. Vinnie shares what he experienced years ago at a reunion with his peers; he was the only one not on several medicines. (19:00) She and her patients have benefitted from the Gary Fettke case. (23:00) They chat about the censoring of low-carb content on social media and of Vinnie himself. (30:00) There is an app in Australia called “Defeat Diabetes” that is being promoted. (37:00) She feels like the low-carb movement is becoming unstoppable. Dr. Figtree explains the reason kidney doctors typically don't like low-carb with higher protein. (51:30) But she also explains why they are mistaken. They talk about Big Food and addiction. (1:03:00) The increase in the number of children with fatty liver disease in recent years is remarkable. (1:04:00) Uses of Semiglutide They discuss semiglutide. (1:05:00) Virta Health recently did a study on semidlutide with interesting results. It should not be used in the long term for various reasons. They have some fun with “party trick math.” (1:20:00) Dr. Penny Figtree can be found on Instagram (@drpennyfigtree), Facebook (Dr. Penny Figtree), and X (@PenelopeFigtree). Her website can be found at Look for Vinnie's NSNG® VIP Community and sign up for the waitlist! Go to to sign up! [the_ad id="20253"] PURCHASE BEYOND IMPOSSIBLE (2022) The documentary launched on January 11! Order it TODAY! This is Vinnie's third documentary in just over three years. Get it now on Apple TV (iTunes) and/or Amazon Video! Link to the film on Apple TV (iTunes): Then, Share this link with friends, too! It's also now available on Amazon (the USA only for now)! Visit my new Documentaries HQ to find my films everywhere: REVIEWS: Please submit your REVIEW after you watch my films. Your positive REVIEW does matter! FAT: A DOCUMENTARY 2 (2021) Visit my new Documentaries HQ to find my films everywhere: Then, please share my fact-based, health-focused documentary series with your friends and family. The more views, the better it ranks, so please watch it again with a new friend! REVIEWS: Please submit your REVIEW after you watch my films. Your positive REVIEW does matter! FAT: A DOCUMENTARY (2019) Visit my new Documentaries HQ to find my films everywhere: Then, please share my fact-based, health-focused documentary series with your friends and family. The more views, the better it ranks, so please watch it again with a new friend! REVIEWS: Please submit your REVIEW after you watch my films. Your positive REVIEW does matter!
Dr. Adrian Soto-Mota is a returning guest on our show! Be sure to check out episode 138 of Boundles Body Radio, which was part of a special series we did, featuring Dr. Nick Norwitz as the guest host! We also hosted Dr. Soto-Mota on episode 340, and also on episode 419 of our show! Dr. Soto-Mota is a MD PhD & Specialist in Internal Medicine and Data Science researcher at the Unidad de Investigación de Emfermedades Metabólicas! Dr. Soto-Mota is passionate about studying low carbohydrate and ketogenic diets, and how they impact human metabolism. Dr. Soto-Mota earned his MD from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, and earned his Ph.D. at Oxford. He has created many resources to help people successfully implement a low carbohydrate diet, and provides that help for both English and Spanish speaking individuals. He is the co-author of a 2022 paper titled The Lipid Energy Model: Reimagining Lipoprotein Function in the Context of Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets, which was also co-authored by former guests Dr. Norwitz and Dave Feldman, who we hosted in episode 109 of Boundless Body Radio!Find Dr. Soto-Mota at-TW- @AdrianSotoMotaFind Boundless Body at- myboundlessbody.com Book a session with us here!
Composer David Ludwig wrote a violin concerto as a wedding present for his bride, Bella Hristova, who will be performing it January 5-7 with...
Our guest today, Michael Brofman, was seriously injured during undergraduate school. He tried various teachers and received much medical advice - some of which included chain smoking! That's not a typo. Stay tuned for that outrageous story.Michael came across Taubman Approach expert Robert Durso. Through lessons with Robert Durso, Michael experienced physical healing and a level of artistic freedom that was almost unimaginable during his academic study. Today's episode is a story of healing and freedom through the Taubman Approach. www.golandskyinsitute.org Pianist Michael Brofman has earned a reputation as one of the finest vocal accompanists of his generation. He has performed over one thousand songs, from Schubert's earliest lieder to premieres of new songs by today's most-recognized composers. He was hailed by the New York Times as an “excellent pianist” and Feast of Music recently praised his “elegant and refined playing… exhibiting excellent touch and clean technique.” Parterre Box Blog called Mr. Brofman a “master communicator at the piano,” and Voix des Arts praised his “finesse and flexibility.” Seen and Heard International recently wrote “Brofman got to the core of each song…delving into their emotional depths.” Opera News stated “Michael Brofman provided exquisite piano accompaniment.”Highlights from Mr. Brofman's 2023-2024 season include performances of Arnold Schoenberg's Das Buch der Hängenden Gärten with Kate Maroney, Poulenc's Tel Jour, Telle Nuit with Michael Kelly, and repeat or premiere performances of works written for him by Daniel Felsenfeld, Libby Larsen, Jessica Meyer, and Reinaldo Moya. Mr. Brofman also performs works by Benjamin Britten, Johannes Brahms, Michael Djupstrom, Shawn E. Okempolo, Caroline Shaw, Clara Schumann, Anton Webern, Kurt Weill, and Hugo Wolf.Mr. Brofman has championed new works and has fostered relationships with many living composers, including Katherine Balch, Lembit Beecher, Tom Cipullo, Michael Djupstrom, Daniel Felsenfeld, Herschel Garfein, Mikhail Johnson, Daron Hagen, Jake Heggie, James Kallembach, Libby Larsen, Lowell Liebermann, David Ludwig, James Matheson, Reinaldo Moya, Harold Meltzer, Russell Platt, Kurt Rohde, Glen Roven, Andrew Staniland, Carlos Simon, and Scott Wheeler. In all, he has premiered over 100 songs, many of them dedicated to him. Mr. Brofman is the founder and artistic director of the Brooklyn Art Song Society, an organization dedicated to the vast repertoire of poetry set to music now in its 14th season. His first CD New Voices on Roven Records includes four world-premiere recordings and was number one on Amazon's new releases for Opera/Vocal and debuted in the top 10 of the Traditional Classical Billboard Chart. Since then he has recorded world premiere recordings of Kurt Rohde on Albany Records and Herschel Garfein for Acis Records. An eloquent and passionate advocate for art song, Mr. Brofman has been interviewed by Russell Platt for Opera News, for Caught In the Act on Brooklyn Public Television, on the WQXR radio show Soundcheck, on Seattle KING FM 98.1, and for the Linked Music blog. He also hosts his own internet show Song and Wine. Mr. Brofman has a reputation as a gifted educator and has presented masterclasses at the University of Chicago, Cornell, Ithaca College, the University of Notre Dame and University of South Carolina. Mr. Brofman holds a bachelor of Music from Northwestern University where he studied with James Giles. There he was awarded the Frida A. Pick Award for Piano and featured on Chicago's classical radio station. Mr. Brofman spent several summers at the Aspen Music Festival as a student of Rita Sloan and continues his studies with Robert Durso. He resides in Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn with his wife
Signs of life in the global IPO market are spurring investor optimism for a broader recovery. On Goldman Sachs Exchanges, David Ludwig, global head of equity capital markets at Goldman Sachs' Global Banking & Markets, shares his outlook for the IPO market and the market dynamics for companies and investors.
Guest Speaker Dave Ludwig Teaches from Gen.2:18 on the importance of spiritual relationships.
John Simon III was a hungry baby and a “chunky” toddler who grew into a chubby little boy, his mother said. But by the time the California middle-schooler turned 14, his weight had soared to 430 pounds (195.04 kg) and become a life-threatening medical condition. Now, after weight loss surgery that removed a portion of his stomach, John has lost more than 150 pounds, boosting his health and his hopes for the future. The children—and their parents—say the aggressive measures are a necessary option after years of failed diets and exercise programs. The aggressive interventions are backed by some experts who treat obesity in children. Dr. Janey Pratt, a Stanford University surgeon who performed surgery on John Simon, says surgery was effective in his case. Supporters of weight loss surgery or drugs in children say that they are safe and effective tools that are crucial when 80% of adolescents with excess weight carry it into adulthood—with dire consequences for their health and longevity. But medical critics urge caution at intervening so early. Dr. David Ludwig, an endocrinologist and researcher at Boston Children's Hospital warns that the “justified excitement” over new weight loss medications shouldn't eclipse non-drug options. “Especially for children, diet and exercise must remain at the forefront of obesity prevention and treatment,” he wrote in JAMA, an open-access medical journal. The Stanford program is among the busiest sites in the U.S., performing more than 50 of the 2,000 pediatric weight loss surgeries logged each year. Those who take obesity drugs regain weight once they stop, research shows. Others see side effects that can be serious, including gallstones and inflammation of the pancreas. At the same time, neither surgery nor drugs will necessarily help children get down to what's commonly called a “healthy” weight, a BMI of 25 or lower. A key goal of the push to treat kids sooner is to have a better chance of helping them lose enough weight to reduce or halt obesity-related diseases. This article was provided by The Associated Press.
David Ludwig is an American composer, teacher, and Dean of Music at The Juilliard School. His work has been commissioned and performed by artists and ensembles including the Philadelphia Orchestra, Pittsburgh Symphony, Minnesota Orchestra, National Symphony, Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center, and Carnegie Hall. He is a committed advocate for diversity and inclusion in new music and programming, and serves on the national program committee of New Music USA and is a member of the distinguished mentors council of Composers Now. Grab your favorite instrument and the first chair…let's talk about life, MUSIC, and learning. Please leave a review and visit us at www.teacherpeprally.com Join the Facebook community to collaborate and celebrate with us and fellow educators. If you are enjoying the podcast, we would greatly appreciate it if you rate the show and then leave a review on Apple Podcasts. Reviews helps other educators to find the Teacher's Pep Rally. ARE YOU LOOKING FOR INSPIRATION AND TO BUILD A NETWORK OF FUN AND INNOVATIVE TEACHERS? Join us at the most MAGICAL PLACE for a 4-DAY PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT. EdMagineering Education Conference in Orlando, FL
Dr. Adrian Soto-Mota is a returning guest on our show! Be sure to check out episode 138 of Boundles Body Radio, which was part of a special series we did, featuring Dr. Nick Norwitz as the guest host! We also hosted Dr. Soto-Mota on episode 340, titled The Lipid Energy Model with Dr. Adrian Soto-Mota! Dr. Soto-Mota is a MD PhD & Specialist in Internal Medicine and Data Science researcher at the Unidad de Investigación de Emfermedades Metabólicas! Dr. Soto-Mota is passionate about studying low carbohydrate and ketogenic diets, and how they impact human metabolism. Dr. Soto-Mota earned his MD from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, and earned his Ph.D. at Oxford. He has created many resources to help people successfully implement a low carbohydrate diet, and provides that help for both English and Spanish speaking individuals. He is the co-author of a 2022 paper titled The Lipid Energy Model: Reimagining Lipoprotein Function in the Context of Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets, which was also co-authored by former guests Dr. Norwitz and Dave Feldman, who we hosted in episode 109 of Boundless Body Radio!Find Dr. Adrian Soto-Mota at-Email- adrian.soto@tec.mxTW- @AdrianSotoMotaLK- Adrian Soto-Mota Find Boundless Body at- myboundlessbody.com Book a session with us here! Check out our new Patreon page!
Watch the full video interview on YouTube here: https://bit.ly/516drdavidludwig Dr. David Ludwig is an endocrinologist and researcher at Boston Children's Hospital. He's a Professor of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School and Professor of Nutrition at Harvard School of Public Health. For more than 25 years, Dr. Ludwig has studied the effects of dietary composition on metabolism, body weight and risk for chronic disease – with a special focus on low-glycemic index, low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets. Described as an “obesity warrior” by Time Magazine, Dr. Ludwig has fought for fundamental policy changes to improve the food environment. He has authored more than 200 scientific articles and presently serves as an editor at The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Dr. Ludwig is author of the #1 New York Times bestseller Always Hungry? Conquer Cravings, Retrain Your Fat Cells, and Lose Weight Permanently. If you're just about to begin your weight loss journey or you've hit a plateau along the way, this conversation is for you! In this episode, we discuss: What is the carbohydrate-insulin model? Insulin is miracle grow for your fat cells Naked carbohydrates are a metabolic disaster The right way to eat carbs Shift your metabolism one meal at a time Transitioning from the SAD diet to a keto diet The first step to weight loss Are you a high insulin secreter? Type 1 diabetes and insulin Carbohydrates raise insulin and suppress glucagon (a bad combo) The problem with fructose Dr. Ludwig's approach to time-restricted eating Coffee stimulates weight loss Fasted exercise lowers insulin resistance Start walking after your meals Why exercise is a poor prescription for weight loss How your metabolism changes as you age Sleep and stress alter fat cell behaviour Being fat is not the problem, it's the ill health of your fat cells The nibbling vs. gorging study Figuring out the best time of day to eat for your insulin There's death in eating... no matter what diet you consume We need proper investment in our food supply Show sponsors: Just Thrive
Today's episode is about what Americans don't get about food—and the historical origins of our diet delusions. Our guest is Dr. David Ludwig, an endocrinologist who has researched and written on obesity and diet. He explains why scientists still haven't arrived at a consensus on obesity, why he thinks the conventional wisdom about calories and fat is wrong, what he thinks is really going on, and why the history of diet advice has been so wrong in the last half-century. On Friday, we'll continue the conversation on diet and obesity with an episode on the next generation of weight-loss medication, which could change the way America thinks about self-image and obesity forever. If you have questions, observations, or ideas for future episodes, email us at PlainEnglish@Spotify.com. You can find us on TikTok at www.tiktok.com/@plainenglish_ Host: Derek Thompson Guest: David Ludwig Producer: Devon Manze Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Dr Penny Figtree is General Practitioner from Port Macquarie, NSW, Australia. She has been employing ketogenic and low carbohydrate diets for the past several years in her suburban medical practice to reverse a range of chronic diseases, often de-prescribing large numbers of medications. In this conversation she and Dr Max discuss the her transition from conventional GP to metabolic practitioner, the role of refined carbs in driving chronic disease, how mainstream guidelines are failing patients, and much more.TIMESTAMPS 00:00:35 Starches and refined sugar drives insulin resistance and obesity00:04:10 Conventional GP's prescribing pills for problems caused by lifestyle00:07:23 Conventional ‘lifestyle' advice is ineffective 00:10:15 Dr Figtree's transition from conventional to metabolic GP 00:16:25 Fragmentation of care for each broken organ system00:18:52 Insulin therapy for Type II diabetics is only necessary on a high carb diet00:21:13 Insulin drives insulin resistance 00:23:55 Low carb diets for gestational diabetes00:27:48 Contribution of seed oils to insulin resistance00:30:08 Metabolic health theory vs practice00:35:02 Failing to inform patients of effective dietary strategies is harming them00:38:25 Chronic disease reversal with low carb will be a GP led revolution00:40:00 Dr Figtree's advice for patients embarking on low carb00:42:40 Dr Figtree's advice for medical colleagues DR FIGTREEhttps://www.twitter.com/PenelopeFigtreehttps://www.lowcarbpmq.com DR MAXhttps://www.twitter.com/maxgulhaneMDLINKSDr. Penny Figtree - 'The Life of a Low Carb GP'- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11x9PhlZuK0Dr. Tim O'Dowd - ‘PCOS and Insulin Resistance: A lifetime of opportunities' - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N2KD-nTiJ14Reversing Type 2 diabetes starts with ignoring the guidelines | Sarah Hallberg | TEDxPurdueU - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=da1vvigy5tQDr. Jason Fung YouTube channel - https://www.youtube.com/c/drjasonfung1Dr Eric Westman YouTube channel - https://www.youtube.com/c/AdaptYourLife/videosLily Nichols Real Food For Pregnancy - https://lilynicholsrdn.com/real-food-for-pregnancy/Always Hungry by Dr David Ludwig - https://www.drdavidludwig.com/books/Diversa Health - https://diversahealth.com.au/Defeat Diabetes - https://www.defeatdiabetes.com.au/ Diet Doctor - https://www.dietdoctor.com/
Check out our new Patreon page! Get access to the Boundless Body Radio Premium Podcast, with a new episode added every other week! Other perks include early releases of our episodes, extended video content, and group and one on one coaching!Dr. Adrian Soto-Mota is a returning guest on our show! Be sure to check out episode 138 of Boundles Body Radio, which was part of a special series we did, featuring Dr. Nick Norwitz as the guest host! Dr. Adrian Soto-Mota is a MD (UNAM), PhD (Oxford) & Specialist in Internal Medicine (INCMNSZ) and Data Science (HarvardX researcher at the Unidad de Investigación de Emfermedades Metabólicas! Dr. Soto-Mota is passionate about studying low carbohydrate and ketogenic diets, and how they impact human metabolism. Dr. Soto-Mota earned his MD from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, and earned his Ph.D. at Oxford. He has created many resources to help people successfully implement a low carbohydrate diet, and provides that help for both English and Spanish speaking individuals. He is the co-author of a 2022 paper titled The Lipid Energy Model: Reimagining Lipoprotein Function in the Context of Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets, which was also co-authored by former guests Dr. Norwitz and Dave Feldman, who we hosted in episode 109 of Boundless Body Radio!Find Dr. Adrian Soto-Mota at-Email- adrian.soto@tec.mx TW- @AdrianSotoMota LK- Adrian Soto-Mota Find Boundless Body at-myboundlessbody.comBook a session with us here!
This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and Athletic Greens. Osteoporosis is very common, especially as we age, but it doesn't have to be the life-threatening risk that currently it is. We've been led to believe that getting enough calcium is the key to healthy bones. In truth, your bone health is determined by your diet, gut health and nutrient absorption, physical activity levels, muscle mass, and more. I talk with Dr. Todd LePine, Dr. David Ludwig, and Dhru Purohit about the myths surrounding bone health and why it's important to take steps to strengthen your bones at every age. Dr. Todd LePine graduated from Dartmouth Medical School and is board certified in Internal Medicine, specializing in Integrative Functional Medicine. He is an Institute for Functional Medicine certified practitioner. Prior to joining The UltraWellness Center, he worked as a physician at Canyon Ranch in Lenox, MA, for 10 years. Dr. LePine's focus at The UltraWellness Center is to help his patients achieve optimal health and vitality by restoring the natural balance to both the mind and the body. His areas of interest include optimal aging, bio-detoxification, functional gastrointestinal health, systemic inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and the neurobiology of mood and cognitive disorders. David S. Ludwig, MD, PhD, is an endocrinologist and researcher at Boston Children's Hospital. He holds the rank of Professor of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School and Professor of Nutrition at Harvard School of Public Health. Dr. Ludwig is codirector of the New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center and founder of the Optimal Weight for Life program, one of the country's oldest and largest clinics for the care of overweight children. For more than 25 years, Dr. Ludwig has studied the effects of dietary composition on metabolism, body weight, and risk for chronic disease. Described as an “obesity warrior” by Time Magazine, Dr. Ludwig has fought for fundamental policy changes to improve the food environment. Dhru Purohit is a podcast host, serial entrepreneur, and investor in the health and wellness industry. His podcast, The Dhru Purohit Podcast, is a top 50 global health podcast with over 30 million unique downloads. His interviews focus on the inner workings of the brain and the body and feature the brightest minds in wellness, medicine, and mindset. This episode is brought to you by Rupa Health and Athletic Greens. Rupa Health is a place where Functional Medicine practitioners can access more than 2,000 specialty lab tests from over 20 labs like DUTCH, Vibrant America, Genova, and Great Plains. You can check out a free, live demo with a Q&A or create an account at RupaHealth.com. Right now when you purchase AG1 from Athletic Greens, you will receive 10 FREE travel packs with your first purchase by visiting athleticgreens.com/hyman. Full-length episodes of these interviews can be found here:Dr. Todd LePineDr. David LudwigDhru Purohit See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.
The carbohydrate-insulin model offers a new view on how the body responds to food and the ultimate cause of obesity. The lead author of the paper, Dr. David Ludwig, joins the Weight Matters team to discuss his research findings and the reception thus far and shares his insights on what this new model means for treating obesity moving forward.
Lisa is joined by Chef Dawn Ludwig who has devoted her career to helping people discover the fun, beauty, and delicious taste of natural foods. She joins Lisa to talk about the importance of eating healthy fat. This is one of the SUMMER SHORTS SERIES: 10-11 minute interviews with quick tips to immediately put into action! For 15 years, she owned and directed The Natural Epicurean Academy of Culinary Arts of Austin, Texas, recognized as a one of the top “Cutting Edge Cuisine” cooking schools in the U.S., according to Vegetarian Times (December 2000).In addition to training up-and-coming chefs, Dawn's passion is guiding families to incorporate better foods into their everyday lives.Her 20+ years of experience working with culinary students, teachers, patients and health care practitioners has taught her what works, what doesn't, and most importantly, how to work with families to make living healthier a practical reality.Dawn has now teamed up with her husband, Dr. David Ludwig on his new book Always Hungry? Conquer Cravings, Retrain Your Fat Cells, and Lose Weight Permanently and the new companion cookbook Always Delicious. She helped translate his science and years of research into comprehensive recipes, menu plans, and tips for applying the principles to everyday life.She has written on nutrition and health for a variety of publications including Whole Health Magazine, Natural Home, Austin Monthly, Austin Fit, and other health journals.Having experienced profound healing in her own life through the power of natural foods, Dawn has a deeply personal understanding of the maxim: “Let food be thy medicine, and let medicine be thy food.” With a gentle, yet powerful approach, she is able to touch and transform the lives of people of all ages, and in all states of health.
Time-restricted eating is one of the biggest fads of the past 5-10 years in the alternative health space online. Dozens of studies have been conducted looking at time-restricted eating and intermittent fasting for health. However, only recently have rigorous, large randomized controlled trials controlling for key variables been conducted. These large trials have found no effect of time-restricted eating. See: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32986097/, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114833, and https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/20/health/time-restricted-diets.html. A large number of people online who have strongly promoted TRE are now up in arms about these studies, trying to find any way possible to suggest that they show an advantage to TRE, when they do not. In this video, following up on my last one critiquing Satchin Panda and Rhonda Patrick (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_NDUsNyi-Q), I dismantle the bad takes of five more of these people. Enjoy.===Like, comment, subscribe.For more, find me at:PODCAST The Kevin Bass ShowYOUTUBE https://www.youtube.com/user/kbassphiladelphiaWEBSITE http://thedietwars.comTWITTER https://twitter.com/kevinnbass/https://twitter.com/healthmisinfo/INSTAGRAM https://instagram.com/kevinnbass/TIKTOK https://tiktok.com/@kevinnbassAnd above all, please donate to support what I do:PATREON https://patreon.com/kevinnbass/DONATE https://thedietwars.com/support-me/
In this episode of Newswire Live, show host David Ludwig interviews Sophie Boulter discussing the secretive Phi Beta Kappa society. Campus Correspondent Alyssa Sepulveda tells us what's going on around campus in the Campus Catch-Up. Following that, our sports reporter Julia Lankisch looks back on the Cincinnati Reds' last couple of weeks and shares her discontentedness with the team. Afterward, Print Managing Editor Chloe Salveson gives us things to do around the city in Downtown Low Down. Finally, everyone's favorite Sebastian Aguilar answer the question we've all been asking, What in the World? The Newswire Live theme song (played during the Introduction and Closing) was produced by Xavier grad Carolyn Youngquist. Newswire Live broadcasts on XUFM every Monday at 7 p.m.
In this episode of Newswire Live, show host David Ludwig interviews Jordan Jiles about the Stuff the Bus event going on this week. The crew discusses the recent protests that have taken place at Xavier and the administration's response to these issues. Campus Correspondent Alyssa Sepulveda tells us what's going on around campus in the Campus Catch-Up. Following that, our sports reporter Julia Lankisch looks back on the Cincinnati Reds' opening series against the defending champion Atlanta Braves and looks ahead to the home opener. Afterward, future Multimedia Managing Editor Spencer de Tenley gives us things to do around the city in Downtown Low Down. Finally, everyone's favorite Sebastian Aguilar answer the question we've all been asking, What in the World? The Newswire Live theme song (played during the Introduction and Closing) was produced by Xavier grad Carolyn Youngquist. Newswire Live broadcasts on XUFM every Monday at 7 p.m.
Click here to subscribe to Premium The pathogenesis of obesity is clearly complex. And the need to have a comprehensive model to explain this pathogenesis is important. One such model, termed the Energy Balance Model, has largely been the consensus paradigm of obesity scientists to this point. Specifically, a recently published paper in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition by Dr. Kevin Hall and his colleagues outlined the various nuances of the model, as well as common misconceptions about the model. However, there are others who propose that this is not the correct model of obesity, but rather that obesity pathogenesis can be better explained by a model called the Carbohydrate-Insulin Model (CIM) of obesity. While this model has been proposed in various forms over the past couple of decades, the most recently published revision/update of this model was that put forward by Dr. David Ludwig and colleagues, in a Perspective published also in the AJCN, in December of 2021. In this episode, Dr. Kevin Hall (lead author of the paper mentioned above) and Dr. Stephan Guyenet are on the podcast to discuss the debate surrounding these two models. Specifically, the discussion will focus in on the Hall et al. (2022) and Ludwig et al. (2021) papers, as well as previous work leading up to both. Click here to access show notes for this episode Click here to subscribe to Premium
The carbohydrate quantity in your diet may influence your metabolic rate, a new study finds. Drs. Ben Bikman and David Ludwig and others recently discovered that high-carb diets slow the rate of fat tissue metabolism compared to low-carb diets. NEW: If you Intermittent Fast, Exercise or Sauna check out the Electrolyte Stix from MYOXCIENCE Nutrition: https://bit.ly/electrolyte-stix Use code podcast at checkout to save Links to research, video and images: Time Stamps: https://bit.ly/3Kd6MwM 01:00 It can be easier to lose weight, manage blood sugar and keep triglycerides low, if carbohydrate intake is shifted to days when one is physically active. 02:04 The mitochondria in your fat cells are part of the energy equation. 03:11 Uncontrolled type 1 diabetics have a higher energy expenditure than expected for their lean body mass. The immune system is attacking the pancreas and your beta cells are releasing no insulin. 04:28 Carbohydrates may cause fat tissue to become uncoupled. Composition of carbs in your diet influence the metabolic activity of the mitochondria within your fat tissue. 04:50 Muscle tissue should be tightly coupled so it efficiently converts energy from food to ATP. 05:08 Fat cells should be slightly uncoupled, so it wastes stored lipids. Brown fat cells do not burn fat for energy, it uses it to create heat. 06:20 Consuming 60% of overall energy intake in the form of carbohydrates, causes more tightly coupled mitochondria in fat tissue. This is compared to consuming 20% of energy in the form of carbohydrates. A lower carb diet causes more uncoupling. 07:47 Lower carb diets may cause you fat cells to be more metabolically active compared to higher carb diets. There was a statistically significant difference between 60% carb and 20% carb intake. 09:40 If you are having a hard time losing fat, consider cycling your carbohydrates, or go on a 20% low carb diet. There may be an adjustment period for your workouts. There is benefit to intra-workout carb consumption.
On this episode of Newswire Live, show host David Ludwig interviews Jake Buonaccorsi, handler of the famous (or infamous?) Jake the Goose. Following that, we hear from the Xavier community about their plans for Spring Break next week. Alyssa Sepulveda as always tells us the goings-on on campus with the Campus Catch-Up. Staff Writer Julia Lankisch gives us a blast from the past with This Week in History, as well as learning about some holidays coming up. Then, Newswire Live's Arts and Entertainment contributor Spencer de Tenley gives us his Radio Recs as we all go on a much-needed break. Finally, to wrap it all up, we have the iconic Sebastian Aguilar with What in the World? The Newswire Live theme song (played during the Introduction and Closing) was produced by Xavier grad Carolyn Youngquist. Newswire Live broadcasts on XUFM every Monday at 7 p.m.
In this week's episode of Newswire Live, show host David Ludwig interviews Blobcast manager Chloe Salveson about the updated Xavier mask policy and the changes that the decision has had around campus. Following that, show host Kayla Ross interviews SGA Senator Shontelle Johnson to get an insight as to the goings-on around student government. Campus Correspondent Alyssa Sepulveda tells us what's going on around Xavier in the Campus Catch-Up. Then, weekly contributor Spencer de Tenley gives us some social plans in the Downtown Low-Down. Finally, the long-awaited return (following a one-week absence after losing $25 on the Bengals) of Sebastian Aguilar to give us the goings-on around the world with What in the World? The Newswire Live theme song (played during the Introduction and Closing) was produced by Xavier grad Carolyn Youngquist. Newswire Live broadcasts on XUFM every Monday at 7 p.m.
David Ludwig has composed the Sinfonia Concertante for two clarinets and two bassoons which receives the world premiere February 18 and 19 at Heinz hall with the Pittsburgh Symphony and Manfred Honeck. The new Dean and Director of the music Division at Juilliard composer David Ludwig sat down with the soloists Michael Rusinek Principal Clarinet with Second Clarinet Ron Samuels, Bassoon Philip Pandolfi, Principal Bassoon Nancy Goeres and Jim Cunningham to talk over the special features and the creation of the concerto, whether they will wear black, the shape of the music and how it was created.
Message from January 30, 2022 at Calvary Church Pacific Palisades given by David Ludwig. The message is a part of our series 'Wisdom from God: The Letter of James'.
Join Jimmy today for a brand new Jimmy Makes Science Simple as he tackles the often misunderstand concept of why LDL cholesterol goes up for some people when they start eating low-carb. “Is high LDL-C cholesterol harmful in lean mass hyper-responders?” - Jimmy Moore In this episode, Jimmy features a study that was published in the November 2021 issue of the journal Current Developments in Nutrition entitled “Elevated LDL-Cholesterol with a Carbohydrate-restricted Diet: Evidence for a ‘Lean Mass Hyper-responder' Phenotype'.” One of the contributing researchers on this paper is Dr. David Ludwig along with Dr. Nicholas Norwitz, Adrian Soto-Mota, Dr. Tro Kalayjian, and science-minded layperson Dave Feldman who was the one who came up with the lean mass hyper-responders hypothesis with low-carb diets that noticed the pattern of excessively high LDL-C levels despite high HDL-C, low triglycerides, and low BMI. It's a truly fascinating paper for those of you who have experienced significant elevations in your LDL cholesterol despite spectacular numbers across the board in the rest of your lipid panel. Get the full details on this study in today's episode! Got a new study you want Jimmy to feature on his @jimmymakessciencesimple Instagram page and on a future podcast? Email him the link to livinlowcarbman@charter.net. NOVEMBER 2021 STUDY: Elevated LDL-Cholesterol with a Carbohydrate-restricted Diet: Evidence for a ‘Lean Mass Hyper-responder' Phenotype: https://academic.oup.com/cdn/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cdn/nzab144/6446805?login=false
Join Jimmy today for a brand new Jimmy Makes Science Simple as he tackles the Ludwig Carnivore Diet Study. “The problem is that they started using insulin to treat not only type-1 diabetes, but also type-2 diabetes.” - Jimmy Moore In this episode, Jimmy features a study that was published in the November 2021 issue of the journal Current Developments in Nutrition entitled “Behavioral Characteristics and Self-Reported Health Status among 2029 Adults Consuming a ‘Carnivore Diet'.” One of the contributing researchers on this paper is Dr. David Ludwig who has been pumping out quite a few positive studies on ketogenic and carnivore diets over the past few years. They wanted to know what impact an animal foods-based diet is having on people who choose to eat that way in terms of their health and satisfaction among 2029 study participants. Don't miss Jimmy's full breakdown of this study and why it's good news for fans of keto and carnivore diets! Got a new study you want Jimmy to feature on his @jimmymakessciencesimple Instagram page and on a future podcast? Email him the link to livinlowcarbman@charter.net.
For nearly 70 years now, Americans have been bombarded with advice on how to lose weight. Countless diet books have become bestsellers. Some diets like Atkins keep coming back in sort of a recycled way. And there really hasn't been agreement, even among nutrition scientists, about which approach is best. Lots of attention has focused in recent years on carbohydrates, but over the years, protein and fat have had plenty of attention. In this podcast, our guest, Dr. David Ludwig of Harvard University, discusses this history and the reason for re-envisioning how best to lose weight – and for people to maintain the weight loss, perhaps the most important issue of all. Ludwig recently published a landmark, exquisitely designed and controlled study that tests whether limiting carbohydrates actually makes sense. This study, published in the "American Journal "of Clinical Nutrition 2021," has been generating lots of attention. Interview Summary Access the study: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab287 I'll begin by asking a question fundamental to this work. Why care so much about carbohydrates? Great question, Kelly. Carbohydrates amount to at least half the calories in a typical diet today, which is interesting from a historical and evolutionary perspective. Because of the three major nutrients we eat, protein, fat, and carbohydrate, carbohydrate is the only one for which humans have virtually no requirement. Think of Northern populations, especially in the Ice Ages but also up to recently, such as the Inuit, that had access to only animal products and could eat plant products like berries maybe one or two or three months a year at most. So for nine months a year, they were eating only fat and protein. And yet, those populations were healthy. The women were fertile; they could breastfeed. And children grew normally. So recognizing that there's no absolute requirement for carbohydrates, the question then becomes: How much carbohydrate and what kind would be optimal for health and allow for the greatest flexibility, diversity and enjoyment in our diets? So David, if the body doesn't have an innate need for these, presumably there's no biological driver to go out and seek these, why in the heck are people eating so much of this? Well, carbohydrates are delicious. And the food industry certainly knows that and has taken advantage of that. In fact, when you step back and ask: What are the foods that we tend to binge on? They may have a combination of key flavors and nutrients. Oftentimes, we hear sugar, salt and fat. But I'll argue that there are virtually no binge foods that are just fat. Do people actually binge on butter? I mean, butter is very tasty. You might enjoy an initial bite. But very few people, perhaps with the exception of a major eating disorder, would sit down and eat a quarter pound, a stick of butter. But there are all sorts of high-carbohydrate binge foods. Sugary beverages are 100% sugar. Bread, baked potato chips, popcorn, especially the low-fat versions, these are easy to binge. And from one perspective, the key difference is the hormone insulin. Fat does not raise insulin. And so fat is digested slowly, and doesn't get directly stored in large amounts into body tissue. It has to be metabolized more slowly. Whereas carbohydrates, especially the processed ones, when eaten in large amounts, raise insulin to high levels. That insulin directs those incoming calories into storage. And a few hours later, blood sugar crashes and we get hungry again and are ready to have another blood sugar surge by indulging the next time in those foods. So what question specifically was your study designed to address? We conducted a large feeding study that had two parts. The parent study had 164 young and middle-aged adults, who were at least a little bit overweight, ranging from overweight to having obesity. And the first thing we did was bring their weight down by providing them all of their foods, delivered foods to their home, in a calorie-restricted way. You know, you cut back calories, and of course you're going to lose weight for a while. It doesn't address why people get hungry, and why they regain weight. But in the short term, we cut their calories, and they lost 10% to 12% of their weight. Then we stabilized them at their new, lower body weight, and then randomly assigned them to one of three groups: low, moderate or high-carbohydrate diets. And we kept them on these three different diets for another five months. And during this time, we were again delivering all of the meals to the participants. This was over 100,000 prepared meals throughout this time, so it was a really major effort. And during this low, moderate, and high-carbohydrate diet period, we adjusted calories to keep their weight the same. We wanted to keep them at that weight-loss anchor, 10% to 12% below where they started. The first study looked at what happened to their metabolism and their energy expenditure. And we found that when people were on the low-carb diet at the same weight as the other groups, they were burning about 200 calories a day more. So the study raised an interesting possibility, that the kind of calories you eat can affect the number of calories you burn. That from a biological perspective, all calories are not alike to the body. David, this is fascinating work. I'd like to ask a strategy question. So this was an extremely intensive study of 164 people. And you mentioned the people were provided all their meals, very careful measurement and things like that. So the same amount of money, you could have studied many more people but just done a less intensive study with less supervision and fewer measurements of outcome. So why do the study in such an intensive way? Right, there's always going to be a trade-off in design considerations. And you've identified a classic trade-off. You can study fewer people more intensively, or more people less intensively. Most weight loss trials have chosen the second route. They take a lot of people, and they try to study them for a long period of time, or at least some of them do: a year or ideally two years or longer. The problem is that without an intensive intervention, so what are we talking about? These studies would oftentimes have participants meet with a nutritionist once a month. They would get written educational materials, and maybe other kinds of behavioral support. But that's about it. And without greater levels of support and intervention, people characteristically can't stick to these diets over the long term. Maybe they make changes for two, three or four months. But by six months or a year, they're largely back to eating what they were originally. And the different diet groups don't look much different. So if the groups didn't eat in much of a different way throughout most of the study, why would we expect to see any differences in outcomes, such as weight or energy expenditure, or cardiovascular disease risk factors? So these studies don't test a dietary hypothesis very well. It leads to the mistaken conclusion that all diets are alike. Really, what the conclusion of these studies has to mean is that we need more intensive intervention in our modern toxic environment, if you will, to promote long-term change. And it's only when we get that long-term change can we actually figure out which diet is better and for whom. So you've explained how the study was done and why you did it. What did you find? So the first leg of the study, which was published in "BMJ" late in 2018, so just before the pandemic, showed that the kinds of calories you're eating can affect the number of calories you burn. And, that by cutting back on the total and processed carbohydrates, you can increase your metabolic rate. And that could be a big help in the long-term management of a weight problem. You know, you want your body on your side rather than fighting you when you're trying to maintain weight loss. And a faster metabolism would be a tremendous help if this is a reproducible finding and applies to the general population. We recently published in the September "American Journal of Clinical Nutrition," a second part of the study. And that asks: How do these different diets, low, moderate and high carbohydrate, affect cardiovascular disease risk factors? It's one thing to lose weight. Maybe a low carbohydrate diet helps you lose weight. But if your cardiovascular disease risk factors go up, that might not be such a good trade-off. So that's the aim of the second study. Because low-carbohydrate diets are often very high in saturated fat. So we wanted to find out what were the effects of this low-carbohydrate, high-saturated-fat on a range of risk factors. So tell us specifically some of the cardiovascular risk factors that changed. And if you would, place the changes that you found in your participants in a context. Like are these big-deal changes? Are they small changes? Or put it in context, if you would? The big problem with saturated fat is that it clearly raises LDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which is a classic cardiovascular disease risk factor. It's the main one that's targeted by many of the drugs, such as statins. Yeah, I think there's no question that on a conventional high-carbohydrate diet, a lot of saturated fat is harmful. So the combination of bread and butter is not a good one. But the question we wanted to ask was: What happens when you get rid of a lot of that bread? Does the saturated fat still comprise a major risk factor? And so our low-carbohydrate diet was exceptionally high in saturated fat, as is characteristic of how these low-carb diets are usually consumed. It had 21% saturated fat, which compares to the 7% saturated fat on the high-carb, low-fat diet that's oftentimes recommended to people at risk for heart disease. So what did we find? Well, the first thing we found was that LDL cholesterol was not adversely affected at all. There was no difference in LDL cholesterol between those getting 21% versus 7% saturated fat. Suggesting that when you substitute saturated fat for processed carbohydrates, from the standpoint of this key risk factor, it's pretty much a wash. However, the low-carbohydrate, high-saturated-fat diet benefited a range of other risk factors that go along with what we call the metabolic syndrome, the insulin resistance syndrome. Specifically, we saw strongly significant, from a statistical perspective, improvements in triglycerides, that's the total amount of fat in the bloodstream; HDL cholesterol, that's the good cholesterol that you want to be higher; and other lipids that indicate overall levels of insulin resistance. Suggesting that insulin resistance was improving. And we know that low-carbohydrate diets show promise for diabetes in other studies, in part because they do tend to improve insulin resistance and lower blood sugar. And so our study suggests that if you are pursuing a low-carbohydrate diet, and we can talk about the different degrees of restriction of carbohydrate, and at the same time you're reducing the processed carbohydrates, then the saturated fat might not really be such a problem. So then if you take all this information in this, as I said, exquisitely designed intensive study and distill it into what dietary recommendations would be, what do you think is a reasonable proportion of fat, carbohydrate and protein in the diet? And what sort of things should people think about as they want to lose weight and keep the weight off? One key qualification I need to mention is even though this was an intensive study with a relatively large number of people for a feeding study of this magnitude, we still don't know how generalizable these findings are to people at different ages, different body weights, different levels of susceptibility. So no one study can inform a change of clinical practice like this, especially in the world of nutrition where there's so many complicated and interacting factors. I will also venture to say that there's no one diet that's going to be right for everybody. We know that some people can do perfectly well on a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet. I mean, think of the classic Asian agrarian societies where rates of obesity and diabetes are very low. But those societies tend to be highly physically active and the people insulin-sensitive. America is characterized by high levels of overweight and obesity, sedentary lifestyle. And these create insulin resistance as a highly prevalent problem. For societies such as ours, we think that high-carbohydrate diets that are raising insulin levels on the background of insulin resistance is a recipe for metabolic problems. And so for Americans, especially those struggling with weight, pre-diabetes, and even more so diabetes, a reasonable first step is to cut back on the processed carbohydrates. And I think that's an intervention that increasingly few experts would argue with. We're talking about concentrated sugars and refined grains. Where we start to get into the controversy is whether carbohydrates should be further reduced down to say 20% as in our study, which still leaves room for some unprocessed grains, beans, and a couple of servings of whole fruit a day, or even lower to what's called the ketogenic diet that's less than 10%. And that's where you really have to give up most carbohydrates and focus just on the proteins and fats. I think for people with diabetes, such a strict approach looks appealing in preliminary research studies. But again, this is going to need more research. And I would caution anybody with diabetes or anybody who's thinking about a ketogenic diet to discuss these kinds of dietary changes with their healthcare provider. I realize your study wasn't meant to address this issue that I'm about to raise, but I'd appreciate hearing your instincts. One key, of course, to any recommended nutrition plan or diet, if you'd like to call it that, is whether people will stick to it. What do your instincts tell you, or data if you have it, on how readily people can adhere to this sort of an approach over the long term compared to other kinds of approaches? Great question. And I'll approach that by saying: We all understand that if diet is a problem that's contributing to obesity, diabetes, heart disease, other chronic health problems, then we have to change our diet in one way or another regardless of what the mechanisms are. So I'll return the question to you by saying: Which do you think is going to be easier for most people over the long term: cutting back calories, getting hungry and trying to ignore that very intense drive to eat, or getting rid of certain kinds of foods that may be triggering hunger and making it so much harder to stick to a lower calorie intake? As a doctor, as a pediatrician, and as a researcher, and also myself, I try to do N of 1 experiments on myself with any kind of a nutrition approach I might use with patients or with research participants. I've found that it's so much easier to just give up the processed carbohydrates and enjoy a range of other very satisfying, delicious, higher fat foods. And oftentimes, in my experience personally and I hear as reported by patients that the cravings for these highly processed carbohydrates go down. And lastly, I'll just say, it's not that these processed carbohydrates are inherently so irresistibly delicious. I mean, white bread, these common binge foods, white bread, unbuttered popcorn, baked potato chips, even though these are almost 100% carbohydrate yet they're commonly binged on not because they're so incredibly tasty. But I would argue because they're producing changes in our body that are driving overeating. So it's not that they're so tasty and we're getting so much enjoyment. We're eating these foods because we're driven to metabolically. And once you come off that blood sugar rollercoaster, it becomes much easier to say no. When you mentioned before that with one approach, you're kind of fighting your body; and another approach, your body is becoming your ally in this process, I thought of going to the beach and, you know, you can go out and try to swim against the waves coming in, or you can ride the waves toward the beach. And one, of course, is a lot easier than the other. And it sounds that's kind of what you're talking about, isn't it? When you line up biology and behavior, and clearly behavior, psychology, and our food environment are all factors that are going to have to be addressed. We don't want to make it much harder for people. So we do need to think in systems dynamics: the food supply, the environment. But on a strictly individual level, when you line up biology with your behavior, the effort required to accomplish your goals becomes less. You know, this is characteristic of so many areas of medicine and research. This is why we aim to identify the cause of a problem when you treat a cause. So let's use the example of fever. Fever you could say is a problem of heat balance: too much heat in the body, not enough heat out. And so from that perspective, you could treat any fever by getting into an ice bath. Couldn't you, right? The ice would pull the excess heat out of your body. But is that an effective treatment for fever? No, of course not. Because your body's going to fight back violently with severe shivering, blood vessel constriction. And you're going to feel miserable and you're going to get out of that ice bath quickly. In the case of obesity, the timeframe is much longer, but similar kinds of responses occur. The body fights back against calorie restriction because calorie restriction, according to this way of thinking, is an effect. It's not the cause. If the cause is the body's been triggered to store too much fat, then we have to address that problem by lowering insulin levels and producing a more stable blood sugar pattern after eating. If that happens, then the effort that you put into cutting back calories goes a lot further. Bio: David S. Ludwig, MD, PhD is an endocrinologist and researcher at Boston Children's Hospital. He holds the rank of Professor of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School and Professor of Nutrition at Harvard School of Public Health. Dr. Ludwig is the founding director of the Optimal Wellness for Life (OWL) program, one of the country's oldest and largest clinics for the care of overweight children. For 25 years, Dr. Ludwig has studied the effects of diet on metabolism, body weight and risk for chronic disease – with a special focus on low glycemic index, low carbohydrate and ketogenic diets. He has made major contributions to development of the Carbohydrate-Insulin Model, a physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic. Described as an “obesity warrior” by Time Magazine, Dr. Ludwig has fought for fundamental policy changes to improve the food environment. He has been Principal Investigator on numerous grants from the National Institutes of Health and philanthropic organizations totaling over $50 million and has published over 200 scientific articles. Dr. Ludwig was a Contributing Writer at JAMA for 10 years and presently serves as an editor for American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. He appears frequently in national media, including New York Times, NPR, ABC, NBC, CBS and CNN. Dr. Ludwig has written 3 books for the public, including the #1 New York Times bestseller Always, Hungry? Conquer Cravings, Retrain your Fat Cells, and Lose Weight Permanently.
A paper just released in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition challenges, and I mean really challenges conventional thinking about nutrition, weight gain, and what has caused the very rapid and profound increase in obesity rates over the last 50 years. This is a landmark paper by any standard, and saying that it will raise eyebrows is an understatement. The paper is authored by a number of distinguished nutrition scientists. The lead author is Dr. David Ludwig from Harvard University. Interview David Ludwig MD, PhD is Professor of Nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health, and Professor of Pediatrics in the Harvard Medical School. He has published innumerable books and papers on nutrition, contributors to obesity and diabetes, and what might be done with both practice and policy to improve things. He has a real remarkable breadth and scope of his work. David, Time Magazine once named you a warrior in work on obesity. This is exactly how I see you as well. You're really challenging the traditional ways of thinking, and as I said, you've broken new ground. So I'm proud to say that you and I have been friends for a number of years, and I'm also proud to say that we've written a number of things together. So thanks so much for being with us today. It's a real honor to have you. Thanks, Kelly. Great to be with you. And I'm sitting here in my office looking at a plaque I have on the wall of an op-ed we wrote for the Washington Post almost two decades ago, so it's been a real honor and productive pleasure to know you. The pleasure has been mine. So let's talk about the paper. So in this paper, you and your co-authors challenged the widely-embraced energy balance model. So can you say what the energy balance model is? Well, the notion of energy balance is really just a restatement of physics, the first law of physics that says, that speaks to energy conservation, and it's commonly interpreted that in order to gain weight, you have to have a positive energy balance, that is you have to consume more calories than you burn off, and that to lose weight, you have to reverse that. You have to have a negative energy balance. You have to consume fewer calories than you burn off. But we argue first off that this doesn't tell us anything about causality, cause and effect, what's actually driving obesity. We use the example of a fever. Of course, a fever can only happen if the body generates more heat than it dissipates, more heat into the body than heat out of the body. But that's obvious that's, it's, you know, we don't need to be emphasizing that in textbooks. We don't need to be teaching patients that notion. The question is what's cause and what's effect? And the conventional way of thinking is that the positive energy balance is driving weight gain, is causing obesity. So we're surrounded by all these convenient, inexpensive, energy-dense, hyper-palatable, highly tasty foods. We lose control. We overeat them. We don't burn off those excess calories with our modern lifestyle, and so those excess calories get forced into fat cells, and we gain weight. So ultimately this view considers all calories are alike to the body, and that we have to eat fewer calories, and ideally burn more of them off by exercise to address the problem. So that's the conventional way of thinking. So you have a different, and very science-based explanation for all of this that I'll get to in a minute, but before we do that, why did the field come to adopt this energy balance model? Well, it does seem to make sense, and certainly over the short term, we know that this way of viewing things applies. If you force feed an animal, or if we just intentionally overeat ourselves, we can gain weight, and conversely, if we put ourselves on a low calorie diet, we can lose weight for a while, but characteristically, we know the body isn't a, you know, an inert energy storage depot. The body fights back in a dynamic way against changes in body weight and in energy balance, and this is something that almost every dieter has experienced, right? If it were just a matter of eating less and moving more, 150 calories less a day, that's a serving of juice, 150 calories out more a day, that's walking moderately for half hour, then virtually every weight problem should be solved within, you know, months to at most, a few years, but that's not the case. Very few people can adhere to, can stay with low calorie diets for very clear reasons. The first thing that happens is we get hungry, and hunger isn't a fleeting feeling. It's a primary biological signal that the body wants more calories. And even if we could, those few of us who are highly-disciplined, and can resist hunger, the body fights back in other ways, most notably by slowing down metabolism, which means that to keep the weight coming off, even as we're getting hungrier. We have to keep eating less and less, because the body's getting more efficient. So the conventional way of thinking about things, all calories are alike, calorie in calorie out, just eat less and move more. Doesn't seem to address the difficulty that people are facing, and recognize that despite a lot of attention to calorie balance, the obesity epidemic is getting worse and worse every year. I mean, the data just from the last year suggests that the weight gain during the pandemic was even faster than it was just prior. Well, let's talk for a minute about what's at stake here. So vast numbers of people in the United States, both adults and children are overweight. This is increasingly becoming true of essentially every country in the world. The amount of weight that people have been gaining seems to be going up over time, and people find it very difficult, perhaps for the reasons you mentioned, to lose weight and keep it off, so it's a pretty dire situation then, and given the health consequences of excess weight, and the psychosocial implications of things, there's really a lot at stake here, isn't there? Certainly so. We know that in childhood, obesity can affect virtually every organ system in the body, and set the stage for a lifetime increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, even many cancers. Among adults, the majority, and in fact 70% of adults in the United States have at least overweight, if not obesity, and this is becoming a huge driver of the chronic health burden on the healthcare system, and which so many patients themselves experience, in terms of diabetes, risk for heart disease, fatty liver, orthopedic problems, sleep apnea. So we have a problem that has gotten so much attention, and yet keeps getting worse with every effort that we can bring to bear. My coauthors and I have this new paper in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, arguing it's time for new thinking. And the carbohydrate insulin model that we are proposing is perfectly consistent with the laws of physics around energy balance, but it suggests that we've been coming at the problem in exactly the opposite way than would be most effective. So let's talk about that. So if you have a different explanation than the traditional energy balance model, what is it exactly? So the usual way of thinking, as we considered earlier is that overeating causes weight gain, and that certainly happens in the short term, but that model has a hard time explaining why people are gaining weight year after year, and their bodies are wanting to hold onto those calories. So we argue that a metabolic perspective would better explain this continuing creep upward in the so-called body weight set point. So the carbohydrate insulin model suggests that we've had it backwards, that overeating is not the primary cause of weight gain, that the body's process of gaining weight, and storing too much fat is driving overeating. So overeating and a positive calorie balance certainly has to exist. That's a law of physics, but it's a downstream effect. It's not at the source of the problem. And so this may sound a little surprising. How could the body gaining weight cause us to overeat? Well, let's take the example of an adolescent during the growth spurt. We know a teenager might consume hundreds, or a thousand calories more than he or she might have a few years earlier, and that adolescent is growing really quickly, but which comes first? Is the overeating that that child is doing causing the growth, or is the rapid growth and the deposition of many calories into new body tissue causing that adolescent to get hungry and to eat more? Neither explanation violates any law of physics, but they have radically different implications to how we understand growth, and what we might do about growth disorders. In the case of the adolescent, it's clearly the other way. It's the growth that's driving the overeating, and how do we know that? Well, Kelly, neither you or I, no matter how much we're going to eat or overeat are going to grow any taller. So something in the body is regulating hunger, based on the needs of growth, and we argue that the same thing is happening in the case of obesity, that the aspects of our diet, importantly, including the processed carbohydrates that flooded our diet during the low fat years, that these are triggering fat cells in the body to hoard too many calories, to hold onto too many calories, so there are fewer calories available for the muscle, the liver, and the brain, and our body recognizes that. We get hungry, and we eat more as a consequence. You mentioned the highly processed foods, especially carbohydrates that bombarded the American scene during the low fat craze. Explain more about that. These processed carbohydrates, that at one point, just 20 to 30 years ago, people thought, and you can find many examples of this written in the literature. In fact, the first food guide pyramid is a clear illustration of the fact that all fats were considered unhealthy, because they have so many calories per bite, more than twice the calories per gram than carbohydrates. Whereas the bottom of the food guide pyramid, you know, we were supposed to eat six to 11 servings of grains, many of which were highly processed. Sugar was considered benign, and a good way to, and this is what they said, dilute out fat calories. The problem is that these processed carbohydrates, white bread, white rice, potato products, virtually all of the prepared breakfast cereals, and of course, concentrated sugars, and sugary beverages. So when you eat these foods in substantial amount, and it's worse if the meal is also low in fat and protein, because they tend to slow down digestion. So if you just eat a lot of these processed carbohydrates, the body digests it into glucose literally in minutes. So blood sugar shoots upwards 10, 20, 30 minutes later, and that causes a lot of the hormone insulin to be produced. I sometimes refer to insulin as the Miracle-Gro for your fat cells, just not the sort of miracle you want happening in your body. We know that when a person with diabetes gets started on insulin, they'll typically gain weight, and if insulin is given in excess dose, they'll gain a lot of weight. So insulin is the hormone that promotes fat storage, and we argue that basically just endocrinology 101, all these processed carbohydrates, by stimulating more insulin than we would normally make on a less processed, lower carbohydrate diet, are driving too many of the incoming calories from a meal into storage and fat cells, instead of into muscle where they can burn. And so when you store, all it takes us to store one gram of fat too much a day to explain basically the whole of obesity, if one looks from childhood to adulthood. So David, provide some context for this, if you would. So what fraction of the American diet is comprised of these kinds of foods, and what would that number be if people followed the recommended dietary guidelines you suggested? Well, back in the 1950s, it's not as if Americans were extremely healthy. We had much higher rates of heart disease, although much of that related to smoking, and we of course, had many fewer medications, and surgical procedures to help prevent or treat heart disease. But at that time, obesity rates were much, much lower, you know, about only one third of the rates they are today. And at that time in the 1950s, Americans ate about 40% of their calories as fat, and about 40% as carbohydrate, and maybe 15 to 20% as protein. Because of concerns around saturated fat and heart disease, which then got generalized to all fats being bad, well, we got the low fat diet of the 1980s, nineties, and the beginning of the century. Fat came down as a proportion of our diet. Carbs went up, but also the processing of those carbs. We got foods like the fat-free SnackWells cookies, a whole range of these fat-reduced products that simply took out fat, dumped in sugar and starch. These are after all processed foods, so they're not going to be putting in fruits and vegetables. And these products were considered healthy. We ate them as we were told to eat them, and at that time, obesity rates really exploded. And we're arguing that this is not just an association, that this change to our diet has played an important role in driving obesity, and that by bringing both the total amount of carbohydrates down, not necessarily a very low carb or ketogenic diet, but bringing them back down, maybe to what might oftentimes be characterized as a Mediterranean diet, focusing on getting rid of the processed carbs, eating more of the delicious and nutritious high fat foods, like nuts and nut butters, olive oil, avocado, even real dark chocolate. All of these high fat high, calorie foods look a whole lot healthier than the processed carbohydrates do in the best cohort studies. You know, it's a somewhat hopeful message, isn't it? Because you're not just telling people you have to eat less of everything, but there are actually some things that are quite delicious where you can eat more, and maybe that hope will lead more people to try this sort of approach. That is exactly the issue with the conventional approach. If all calories are alike, and overeating is the primary problem, then we really just have to control our appetites. We have to discipline ourselves. Yes, clearly the conventional thinking recognizes that environment has a lot to do with it, and psychology of behavior, but ultimately, one way or another, you have to cut back on calories, because overeating is driving the problem. But if the driver is at the fat cells, if the foods that we're eating are triggering our fat cells to store too many calories, and that's what's causing the hunger and the overeating, then just eating less doesn't solve the problem, and it actually could make it worse by slowing down your metabolism. So this model argues that a focus on what you eat, not how much is more effective. You focus on controlling the quality of the foods, importantly, the processed carbs, but there are other aspects that can help hormonal and metabolic response. That's what the person focuses on, and we let the body, based on our hunger levels, and satiety levels, determine how much we need to satisfy metabolic requirement. So you've got what we call in the field a testable hypothesis, that people will do better if they follow the approach that you've mentioned, compared to the traditional approach. And you put that to a test in a study that we're going to be talking about in a second podcast. But before we get to that, what sort of pushback, if you had, as your paper has been published, are corporate interests involved in this picture at all? Yeah, let me just say that we recognize that these ideas are not fully proven. There are animal studies, we've done one of them that provides what we could call a proof of concept, that when you give rodents, and this has been reproduced by many different groups. This is a very rigorous finding. When you give rodents high glycemic index, versus low-glycemic index starch, so that's fast-digesting, versus slow-digesting starch. You keep everything else the same, the ones that get the fast-digesting starch, that's like, all of those processed carbs we're eating that raise insulin a lot, well, they in fact show this whole sequence of events. Their insulin levels initially go up, they start getting fatter, and their energy expenditure goes down. They start moving less, and if you restrict their calories to that of the control animal, they're still fatter, because more calories wound up getting stored than burnt in muscle. So they wind up getting more fat tissue, and less lean tissue, even at the same total body weight when you prevent their weight from going up. So we argued that there's no way to explain that finding based on the conventional, calorie in, calorie out way of thinking. We need to examine whether this applies in humans, and to whom, you know? It may be that one model explains certain situations, or certain people better than the other, but it is a testable hypothesis. Unfortunately, this debate has become polarized, and we, in our article, specifically invite opponents to work with us on generating common ground. There's plenty of basis for common ground already, and in our article, which is freely available online at American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. We put out a diagrammatic model in which each step leads to another step, and each of these steps is testable. So we can figure out what we got right, what needs improvement, you know, and where common ground is. After all, this is what science is supposed to be about, to come up with new ways of thinking for intractable problems. You know, you reminded me when you talked about the animal studies of work that occurred many decades ago on something that people in the field were referring to as the cafeteria diet. And I remember the slide that I used for years in my own talks that was given to me by Ted Van Itallie, one of the pioneers in the obesity field, that showed a rat sitting on top of basically a junk food diet, where they take animals, and in the cage, they would put Cheetos and Hershey bars, and marshmallows, and things like that. And the animals would eat a lot of those things, and gain an enormous amount of weight. But people were really attributing the weight gain to the fact that these were highly palatable foods. The animals would eat a lot of it just because it tasted really good, and that would bring a lot of calories, and that was the reason for the weight gain. And what you're saying is just, "Wait a minute, what happens to be that food that goes in there is a really important part of the picture," And that's been proven by controlling the calories in the experiment that you set. Well, I think that's a really great point that you raised that it's easy to think in the cafeteria diet model, that the animals are getting fat because of the tastiness of the food, but these studies can't distinguish tastiness, and whatever that means, and we could come back to that point, because tastiness is elusive. It's a very squishy term to define, for reasons we can consider, but it's impossible in these studies to distinguish tastiness from the nutrient content of the foods, and they tend to be full of sugar and processed carbs. In fact, the few studies that have aimed to disentangle this provide clear support for the carbohydrate insulin model that tastiness by itself, when you control nutrients, does not result in obesity, but the nutrients, even in a bland or untasty diet does result in weight gain in animals. Fascinating science. So, David, what do you think are some of the main policy implications of all this? Well, there has been push back. Some of that relates to just the difficulty of paradigm change, amidst scientific uncertainty. You know, we need ultimately to be all working together on all sides of this. But in addition, there's resistance from the food industry that loves the notion that all calories are alike. All calories are alike, and there are no bad foods, and that you can drink a sugary beverage, have any kind of junk food, as long as you eat less of other things, or burn off those calories with physical activity. Whereas if this way of thinking, involving the carbohydrate insulin model, this opposite cause and effect conception is correct, then those foods have adverse effects on our metabolism above and beyond their calorie content. And that from that perspective, you really, can't just outrun a bad diet, that we really need to be thinking about how our food is influencing our hormones and metabolism, otherwise we're going to set ourselves up for failure, and that's not a message that many, although not all in the food industry like to hear, because it requires corporate responsibility for helping to create the nutritional nightmare that confronts so many of us, and especially children throughout so much of their days. You reminded me about an interesting parallel with tobacco here, where the tobacco companies, you know, long after it was known that cigarettes were killing people, just said that it's not the tobacco that's killing the people, it's the fact that they're just consuming too much of it, and the food companies have made very much that same argument. And then the tobacco researchers said, "No, tobacco is bad in any amount, and even a little of it can be harmful." And that's not totally true of the processed foods you're talking about. I'm assuming people can have them in small amounts, but the parallel really kind of exists there, doesn't it? That these things are risky, and dangerous really, after you go beyond whatever that small amount is, and then you're going to have trouble, no matter what you're doing elsewhere in your diet? The metaphor with tobacco is useful to a point, although it can also elicit some strong responses, because obviously, tobacco products aren't needed for survival, food clearly is. But I do think that there are some parallels that if these highly processed carbohydrates are undermining our metabolism, and also triggering, in part because of the metabolic changes. Fat cells communicate with the brain in many ways, including by releasing or withholding nutrients. If these foods are also triggering pathways in the brain that make managing calorie balance increasingly difficult, then we do really begin to need to think about food way beyond calorie issues, and that all calories aren't alike, and that the food industry may indeed have to manage the food supply in a way that makes weight control easier rather than harder. The paper we were discussing today was published in September, 2021 in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition and is publically available for free. Bio: David S. Ludwig, MD, PhD is an endocrinologist and researcher at Boston Children's Hospital. He holds the rank of Professor of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School and Professor of Nutrition at Harvard School of Public Health. Dr. Ludwig is the founding director of the Optimal Wellness for Life (OWL) program, one of the country's oldest and largest clinics for the care of overweight children. For 25 years, Dr. Ludwig has studied the effects of diet on metabolism, body weight and risk for chronic disease – with a special focus on low glycemic index, low carbohydrate and ketogenic diets. He has made major contributions to development of the Carbohydrate-Insulin Model, a physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic. Described as an “obesity warrior” by Time Magazine, Dr. Ludwig has fought for fundamental policy changes to improve the food environment. He has been Principal Investigator on numerous grants from the National Institutes of Health and philanthropic organizations totaling over $50 million and has published over 200 scientific articles. Dr. Ludwig was a Contributing Writer at JAMA for 10 years and presently serves as an editor for American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. He appears frequently in national media, including New York Times, NPR, ABC, NBC, CBS and CNN. Dr. Ludwig has written 3 books for the public, including the #1 New York Times bestseller Always, Hungry? Conquer Cravings, Retrain your Fat Cells, and Lose Weight Permanently.
On today's episode of the LLVLC Show, Jimmy breaks down why the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity needs serious consideration. “I still want to see that study comparing a junk food high-carb diet with steak and vegetables.” - Jimmy Moore GET STARTED WITH THE KETO CHOW STARTER BUNDLE at JimmyLovesKetoChow.com In today's episode, Jimmy presents a NEVER-BEFORE-SEEN episode of his show JIMMY MAKES SCIENCE SIMPLE (@jimmymakessciencesimple) to outline important new research he wanted you to know about. It's a study published in the September 2021 issue of the prestigious American Journal of Clinical Nutrition entitled “The carbohydrate-insulin model: a physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic”: https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ajcn/nqab270/6369073 This study presents a virtual who's who in the keto nutritional health research space with some very familiar names, including Dr. David Ludwig, Dr. Arne Astrup, Dr. Ronald Krauss, Gary Taubes, Dr. Jeff Volek, Dr. Eric Westman, Dr. William Yancy, and more! They propose a series of studies to challenge the “eat less, move more” theory to compare it with the carbohydrate-insulin model for obesity. These researchers make a compelling argument that a low-glycemic load diet (low-carb, ketogenic nutrition) should be seriously examined to help resolve the obesity pandemic. It's a thought-provoking perspective that you'll hear all about in this podcast.
This Week In Wellness Dr. David Ludwig, Endocrinologist at Boston Children’s Hospital and Professor at Harvard Medical School has published a paper with the bold claim that over consuming processed carbs rather than overeating is the primary cause of the worldwide obesity crisis. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/09/210913135729.htm https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ajcn/nqab270/6369073 The post TWIW 124: Could it be carb intake rather than overeating that causes obesity? appeared first on The Wellness Couch.
In the first episode of Newswire Live during the 2021-2022 school year, host David Ludwig and the rest of Newswire's multimedia crew return to bring you a feature on some of the sounds of Xavier's summer and the Campus Catch-up, in addition to several new segments for the new year, including "This week in history", brought to you this week by Hunter Ellis; "What in the World?", presented by Audio Editor Sebastian Aguilar; and "Radio Recommendations", featuring guests Ben Thompson and Kayla Ross. The Newswire Live theme music (played during the introduction, transitions, and closing) was produced by Xavier grad Carolyn Youngquist. Newswire Live broadcasts on XUFM every Monday at 7 p.m.
Esse é um episódio EXTRA, mais técnico (e francamente, nerd), para quem andou pedindo que nós fizéssemos uma análise da mais recente controvérsia de Kevin Hall versus David Ludwig - afinal, como diz Hall, a teoria carboidrato insulina está morta?? Seguem as referências citadas ao longo do episódio: - Artigo publicado por John Speakman e Kevin Hall na revista Science em 7 de maio: Carbohydrates, insulin, and obesity | Science (sciencemag.org) - Ensaio clínico randomizado de Kevin Hall de janeiro de 2021: Effect of a plant-based, low-fat diet versus an animal-based, ketogenic diet on ad libitum energy intake | Nature Medicine - Meus comentários DETALHADOS (em áudio e prints de gráficos) sobre o estudo acima no meu canal do Telegram (t.me/drsouto): https://t.me/drsouto/894 - O estudo de Gardner que comparou por um ano low-carb e low-fat, não tendo encontrado diferença: Ciência Low Carb: O triunfo da dieta Low Crap (lowcarb-paleo.com.br) - O famoso estudo de 2015 de Kevin Hall para refutar a teoria carboidrato-insulina: Calorie for calorie, dietary fat restriction results in more body fat loss than carbohydrate restriction in people with obesity (nih.gov) - Minha postagem de 2015 comentando detalhadamente o artigo de Hall, acima (Ciência Low Carb: Restringir carboidratos ou gorduras? (lowcarb-paleo.com.br)) - A refutação de David Ludwig dos argumentos de Kevin Hall e John Speakman na Science: Has the Carbohydrate-Insulin Model of Obesity Failed? | by Dr. David Ludwig | May, 2021 - Minha postagem sobre o fato de que dietas de alta gordura provocam ganho de peso e inflamação em roedores, mas não em humanos: https://www.lowcarb-paleo.com.br/2015/04/o-que-e-uma-referencia-bibliografica_26.html - O famoso ensaio clínico randomizado de David Ludwig, com duração de 5 meses, no qual o grupo low-carb pôde comer 250 calorias a mais do que o grupo low-fat sem engordar: Effects of a low carbohydrate diet on energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance: randomized trial | The BMJ - Metanálise de David Ludwig indicando que em estudos de 14 dias ou menos não há vantagem metabólica, mas nos mais longo há: Do Lower-Carbohydrate Diets Increase Total Energy Expenditure? An Updated and Reanalyzed Meta-Analysis of 29 Controlled-Feeding Studies | The Journal of Nutrition | Oxford Academic (oup.com) Inscreva-se e siga esse podcast para não perder nenhum episódio (e deixe 5 estrelinhas) ;-) Conheça o PODCURSO Low-Carb: da Teoria à Prática em http://drsouto.com.br/podcurso
Amongst the voices that advocate a high fat diet, Dr. Ludwig stands out as an objective, Harvard trained endocrinologist who makes a convincing case for the benefits of such a diet. Join Dr. Emeran Mayer as he discusses the book Always Hungry with Dr. Ludwig, best selling author, professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School and professor of nutrition at Harvard School of Public Health. Watch the video version of this podcast here: https://youtu.be/cJcyxtttwLI Follow Dr. Mayer: https://linktr.ee/emayer
Amongst the voices that advocate a high fat diet, Dr. Ludwig stands out as an objective, Harvard trained endocrinologist who makes a convincing case for the benefits of such a diet. Join Dr. Emeran Mayer as he discusses the book Always Hungry with Dr. Ludwig, best selling author, professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School and professor of nutrition at Harvard School of Public Health. Watch the video version of this podcast here: https://youtu.be/cJcyxtttwLI Follow Dr. Mayer: https://linktr.ee/emayer
:arrow: :arrow: David Ludwig Founder of National Loan Exchange NLEX, and a Godfather of the Debt Buying Industry on Capital Club Radio Michael Flock interviews David Ludwig, Founder of NLEX, a company formed to promote and broker the sale of distressed assets. In their conversation, Dave shares how he developed his business, managed it through tough economic times and is now building the NLEX of the future. Dave has taken NLEX from its start, as a post-RTC sales outlet in the 1980's, to today, where it is the nation's leading broker of charged-off credit card and consumer debt accounts. NLEX's parent company conducted the industry's first public sale of charge-offs for Bank of America in 1989. With that experience, Dave introduced selling charge-offs from financial institutions by hosting the industry's first debt sale conference in 1994. Since then, Dave and his team have supervised sales of over 5,000 portfolios with face value of $150 billion in the US and Canada. Dave has a Bachelor of Science Degree in Economics from the University of Illinois and has been in the financial industry for over 25 years. Considered a pioneer in the debt sales industry, he has been a featured speaker at industry conferences and quoted in numerous national media outlets. Here is a glimpse of what Dave shared in the interview. … but most said, “No, we will never sell charge-offs. That's a crazy idea. Why would we do this? You're going to sell to someone that we're going to lose control of, that's going to violate… going to threaten to break legs and we're going to be brought into law suits.” … because this was before electronic media. Everything is in hard files. When we were doing a sale back then we would set up a war room of all these files, these cardboard boxes of files that people would come in and go through. … because all we are is a relationship business. We don't make widgets. There's nothing we're buying and selling. It's a relationship business… Connect with National Loan Exchange, Inc. ("NLEX") and Dave Ludwig: http://www.nlex.com https://www.linkedin.com/in/dave-ludwig-b23b6747 About Capital Club Radio Hosted by Michael Flock, Chairman & CEO of FLOCK Specialty Finance, Capital Club Radio provides a forum for middle market business leaders who have been typically underserved by traditional banking. Capital Club Radio provides listeners an opportunity to gain valuable business insights and perspectives to deal with market uncertainty. Topics will include: key success factors, both personal and professional, dealing with adversity, outlook for the industry and your business. Capital Club Radio Hosted by: Michael Flock Sponsored by: Flock Specialty Finance Providing a forum for leaders in the middle market segment which has typically been undeserved by traditional banking. Listeners gain valuable business insights and perspectives to deal with market uncertainty. Topics include: key success factors, both personal and professional, dealing with adversity, outlook for the industry and your business. For more info about Michael Flock and Flock Specialty Finance visit: www.FlockFinance.com To check out more episodes visit: www.CapitalClubRadioShow.com To view more photos from this show visit: www.ProBusinessPictures.com ‹ › × × Previous Next jQuery(function() { // Set blueimp gallery options jQuery.extend(blueimp.Gallery.prototype.options, { useBootstrapModal: false, hidePageScrollbars: false }); });
Veckans avsnitt av Tyngre Rubriker handlar mycket om kolhydrater. Dels diskuteras en ny översiktsartikel där man undersökt om människor som rapporterat att de äter mer kolhydrater är i högre risk att gå upp i vikt och dels diskuteras den största studien någonsin som har jämfört lågkolhydratkost mot lågfettkost. Utöver det här så diskuteras också en nypublicerad mindre studier på träningsformen German Volume Traning Tillägg till dagens avsnitt: I rubrik nr 3 säger Jacob G att de inte räknade kalorierna. Det stämmer att de inte använde sig av några kalorimål för deltagarna men när man läser protokollet till studien så hittar man att de flesta deltagarna registrerade sin kost med appen MyFitnessPal vilket innebär att de inte kan ha undgått att se information om hur mycket kalorier de faktiskt ätit samtidigt som de också fått reda på hur många kalorier de "borde" äta från appen. När det gäller den framtida studien av David Ludwig så framställer Jacob G det som att man ska jämföra två olika dieter efter viktnedgången men i själva verket är det tre dieter. En lågkolhydratkost, en kost med lite fett och mycket kolhydrater och en kost som man kallar för låg GI. Sannolikt är dieterna de samma som i Ludwigs tidigare studie. Medverkar i panelen gör som vanligt Jenny Ågren, Wille Valkeaoja, Jacob Gudiol, Caroline Mellberg & Jacob Papinniemi. Hålltider 00:00:00 Liten studie på German Volume Traning 00:16:34 Korrelationsstudie som tittat på kolhydrater och övervikt 00:39:51 Ny stor studie på lågkolhydratkost vs lågfettkost Följ gärna Tyngre Rubriker på Instagram för att få del av relaterat material till podcasten.
Today on The Empowering Neurologist, I interview Dr. David Ludwig. Dr. Ludwig is a practicing endocrinologist and researcher at Boston Children's Hospital, Professor of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School, and Professor of Nutrition at Harvard School of Public Health. Dr. Ludwig has published over 150 scientific articles, and presently serves as Contributing Writer for JAMA. He is founding director of the Optimal Weight for Life (OWL) program at Children's Hospital, one of the country's oldest and largest multidisciplinary clinics for the care of overweight children. OWL serves as a home for research into innovative approaches to treat childhood obesity.
A well thought out review of the book Always Hungry written by Dr. David Ludwig, author, practicing endrocrinologist and researcher at Boston Children's Hospital and professor of nutrition at Harvard School of Public Health. The theme presented throughout the book is low-fat diets work against you leaving you hungry and craving processed carbs and sugar.
Do or Diet: The Chewing the Fat ladies are back hearing from Dr. David Ludwig about his bestseller “Always Hungry” on the best way to finally lose that gut forever. Author Dawn Lerman talks about growing up the daughter of a 450 pound Don Draper who was always trying the food he advertised. And Louisa dares Monica to eat a shaggy piece of old chicken…but will she? Moving forward, you can find us in our new home, www.chewing.xyz.
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