Podcasts about Hopper

It is Spring and time for the Annual Hop-a-Thon. Thistle, Pip, Hopper, and Dr. Fluff are hoping to win, so they head off to a self-help conference to improve their hops but come away with something even better.  ✔️ Perfect for ages 4+ Sleep Tight!, Sheryl & Clark ❤️

Brooke Hopper stays close to her craft. Before she hopped on a call with us to chat about her role at Adobe, she was deep in Cursor prototyping navigation design ideas. Though Brooke holds an individual contributor role after more than a decade at Adobe, she's managed to have influence and demonstrate leadership without being relegated to management. This is what many designers dream of—craft and career. Bonus content and more on our Substack: ⁠https://designbetterpodcast.com/p/brooke-hopper⁠ As Senior Principal Designer for Machine Intelligence and New Technology, she helped design the very first Firefly experiments and is now working on unreleased tools that raise fundamental questions about whether things like non-destructive editing, or even layers, still mean what they once did. If you listen carefully, you might get some clues about the products Adobe is cooking up next. But Brooke is more than a product thinker. She's also a design educator, leading a partnership between Adobe and Parsons called “Not Generated” — a name she chose deliberately to start a conversation, not end one. In this episode, we get into what it actually means to use AI as a creative collaborator rather than a shortcut, why design education needs to stop teaching tools and start teaching taste, and why Brooke believes this moment might be the most exciting time in her career. Bio Brooke Hopper is a design leader, speaker, and champion for artists — passionate about building community through creativity and designing better experiences for some of the most talented people in the world. Her work spans platforms and products, always centered on making space for artists and creators to thrive, collaborate, and stay at the heart of the creative process. With years of experience building 0-to-1 products and leading innovation in ambiguous spaces, she turns uncertainty into opportunity — translating bold ideas into tools that empower creative expression. *** Premium Episodes on Design Better This ad-supported episode is available to everyone. If you'd like to hear it ad-free, upgrade to our premium subscription, where you'll get an additional 2 ad-free episodes per month (4 total). Premium subscribers also get access to the documentary Design Disruptors and our growing library of books. New premium benefit: get a behind-the-scenes pass to every episode with The Roundup, where each week we bring you insights and actionable tactics from recent episodes. You'll also get access to our monthly AMAs with former guests, ad-free episodes, discounts and early access to workshops, and our monthly newsletter The Brief that compiles salient insights, quotes, readings, and creative processes uncovered in the show. And subscribers at the annual level now get access to the Design Better Toolkit, which gets you major discounts and free access to tools and courses that will help you unlock new skills, make your workflow more efficient, and take your creativity further. Upgrade to paid ***

Jay is a husband, as well as a father to four children. He works in federal law enforcement & his wife is a business owner. Needless to say, they are very busy. Fitness helped save his life in 2016 when he was bitten by a rattlesnake. Through all of this, he has managed to keep fitness a priority in his life. He has bounced around trying out various program, but he chooses Linchpin. This is his story.

This morning Matt has a bone to pick with one of the valet guys and their managers as they downplay the fact that they broke Matts wife car window controller. Next we get into Pixar’s new movie “Hopper”, ZYN pouches, and Bob potentially wanting to try THC drinks to be a bit happier. Then we have Travis Holp who is a median which is an individual believed to act as an intermediary, communicating with sprits of the deceased or other non-physical entities. He joins us in the station to talk about his upcoming show at Cap City tonight. Travis also gives a reading to Bob, Rosa, and one of our listeners. After we have Drew pop in to talk about ghosts.Support the show: https://www.klbjfm.com/mattandbobfm/See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

As Hilde, Hopper, and Auggie pin down just what exactly created this giant pile of bones, Mackie does the actual work of getting some power back on. Later, a chilling discovery sends the party to splitsville for what is sure to be merely a minor inconvenience and definitely not an entirely new catastrophe.Cast ListStardaddy: StanGrace/Hopper: GeoffCommodore Macdonald --burn: ColinDr. Hildegarde Hypatia Cade (Hilde)/ C. B. : KristenAugustus Novus (Auggie): ChrisIf you enjoy the mildly unhinged antics of Stardaddy and his band of merry madpersons, be sure to subscribe on your favorite podcast platform. New episodes hit the feed at midnight Tennessee time every Wednesday. Want even more from Team Meatbag? Check us out online at www.astronomicapodcast.com.  Here you'll find links to all of our social media plus an open invite to our Discord server. Questions, comments, or details on how exactly Connect works? Email them to astronomicapodcast@gmail.com and we'll definitely get back to you sometime this month. And finally, if you just absolutely love us and wish to provide support in a monetary manner, you can find us at patreon.com/AstronomicaPodcast. Not only will you enjoy the warm fuzzy feeling of helping us foot production costs, you'll also find a number of fantastic extra perks plus get bragging rights with all your nerdiest friends. Thanks as always for listening and we'll see ya next week!Send us a message through this weird thing that didn't exist before but exists now.Support the show

Join Kyle, Nader, Vibhu, and swyx live at NVIDIA GTC next week!Now that AIE Europe tix are ~sold out, our attention turns to Miami and World's Fair!The definitive AI Accelerator chip company has more than 10xed this AI Summer:And is now a $4.4 trillion megacorp… that is somehow still moving like a startup. We are blessed to have a unique relationship with our first ever NVIDIA guests: Kyle Kranen who gave a great inference keynote at the first World's Fair and is one of the leading architects of NVIDIA Dynamo (a Datacenter scale inference framework supporting SGLang, TRT-LLM, vLLM), and Nader Khalil, a friend of swyx from our days in Celo in The Arena, who has been drawing developers at GTC since before they were even a glimmer in the eye of NVIDIA:Nader discusses how NVIDIA Brev has drastically reduced the barriers to entry for developers to get a top of the line GPU up and running, and Kyle explains NVIDIA Dynamo as a data center scale inference engine that optimizes serving by scaling out, leveraging techniques like prefill/decode disaggregation, scheduling, and Kubernetes-based orchestration, framed around cost, latency, and quality tradeoffs. We also dive into Jensen's “SOL” (Speed of Light) first-principles urgency concept, long-context limits and model/hardware co-design, internal model APIs (https://build.nvidia.com), and upcoming Dynamo and agent sessions at GTC.Full Video pod on YouTubeTimestamps00:00 Agent Security Basics00:39 Podcast Welcome and Guests07:19 Acquisition and DevEx Shift13:48 SOL Culture and Dynamo Setup27:38 Why Scale Out Wins29:02 Scale Up Limits Explained30:24 From Laptop to Multi Node33:07 Cost Quality Latency Tradeoffs38:42 Disaggregation Prefill vs Decode41:05 Kubernetes Scaling with Grove43:20 Context Length and Co Design57:34 Security Meets Agents58:01 Agent Permissions Model59:10 Build Nvidia Inference Gateway01:01:52 Hackathons And Autonomy Dreams01:10:26 Local GPUs And Scaling Inference01:15:31 Long Running Agents And SF ReflectionsTranscriptAgent Security BasicsNader: Agents can do three things. They can access your files, they can access the internet, and then now they can write custom code and execute it. You literally only let an agent do two of those three things. If you can access your files and you can write custom code, you don't want internet access because that's one to see full vulnerability, right?If you have access to internet and your file system, you should know the full scope of what that agent's capable of doing. Otherwise, now we can get injected or something that can happen. And so that's a lot of what we've been thinking about is like, you know, how do we both enable this because it's clearly the future.But then also, you know, what, what are these enforcement points that we can start to like protect?swyx: All right.Podcast Welcome and Guestsswyx: Welcome to the Lean Space podcast in the Chromo studio. Welcome to all the guests here. Uh, we are back with our guest host Viu. Welcome. Good to have you back. And our friends, uh, Netter and Kyle from Nvidia. Welcome.Kyle: Yeah, thanks for having us.swyx: Yeah, thank you. Actually, I don't even know your titles.Uh, I know you're like architect something of Dynamo.Kyle: Yeah. I, I'm one of the engineering leaders [00:01:00] and a architects of Dynamo.swyx: And you're director of something and developers, developer tech.Nader: Yeah.swyx: You're the developers, developers, developers guy at nvidia,Nader: open source agent marketing, brev,swyx: and likeNader: Devrel tools and stuff.swyx: Yeah. BeenNader: the focus.swyx: And we're, we're kind of recording this ahead of Nvidia, GTC, which is coming to town, uh, again, uh, or taking over town, uh, which, uh, which we'll all be at. Um, and we'll talk a little bit about your sessions and stuff. Yeah.Nader: We're super excited for it.GTC Booth Stunt Storiesswyx: One of my favorite memories for Nader, like you always do like marketing stunts and like while you were at Rev, you like had this surfboard that you like, went down to GTC with and like, NA Nvidia apparently, like did so much that they bought you.Like what, what was that like? What was that?Nader: Yeah. Yeah, we, we, um. Our logo was a chaka. We, we, uh, we were always just kind of like trying to keep true to who we were. I think, you know, some stuff, startups, you're like trying to pretend that you're a bigger, more mature company than you are. And it was actually Evan Conrad from SF Compute who was just like, you guys are like previousswyx: guest.Yeah.Nader: Amazing. Oh, really? Amazing. Yeah. He was just like, guys, you're two dudes in the room. Why are you [00:02:00] pretending that you're not? Uh, and so then we were like, okay, let's make the logo a shaka. We brought surfboards to our booth to GTC and the energy was great. Yeah. Some palm trees too. They,Kyle: they actually poked out over like the, the walls so you could, you could see the bread booth.Oh, that's so funny. AndNader: no one else,Kyle: just from very far away.Nader: Oh, so you remember it backKyle: then? Yeah I remember it pre-acquisition. I was like, oh, those guys look cool,Nader: dude. That makes sense. ‘cause uh, we, so we signed up really last minute, and so we had the last booth. It was all the way in the corner. And so I was, I was worried that no one was gonna come.So that's why we had like the palm trees. We really came in with the surfboards. We even had one of our investors bring her dog and then she was just like walking the dog around to try to like, bring energy towards our booth. Yeah.swyx: Steph.Kyle: Yeah. Yeah, she's the best,swyx: you know, as a conference organizer, I love that.Right? Like, it's like everyone who sponsors a conference comes, does their booth. They're like, we are changing the future of ai or something, some generic b******t and like, no, like actually try to stand out, make it fun, right? And people still remember it after three years.Nader: Yeah. Yeah. You know what's so funny?I'll, I'll send, I'll give you this clip if you wanna, if you wanna add it [00:03:00] in, but, uh, my wife was at the time fiance, she was in medical school and she came to help us. ‘cause it was like a big moment for us. And so we, we bought this cricket, it's like a vinyl, like a vinyl, uh, printer. ‘cause like, how else are we gonna label the surfboard?So, we got a surfboard, luckily was able to purchase that on the company card. We got a cricket and it was just like fine tuning for enterprises or something like that, that we put on the. On the surfboard and it's 1:00 AM the day before we go to GTC. She's helping me put these like vinyl stickers on.And she goes, you son of, she's like, if you pull this off, you son of a b***h. And so, uh, right. Pretty much after the acquisition, I stitched that with the mag music acquisition. I sent it to our family group chat. Ohswyx: Yeah. No, well, she, she made a good choice there. Was that like basically the origin story for Launchable is that we, it was, and maybe we should explain what Brev is andNader: Yeah.Yeah. Uh, I mean, brev is just, it's a developer tool that makes it really easy to get a GPU. So we connect a bunch of different GPU sources. So the basics of it is like, how quickly can we SSH you into a G, into a GPU and whenever we would talk to users, they wanted A GPU. They wanted an A 100. And if you go to like any cloud [00:04:00] provisioning page, usually it's like three pages of forms or in the forms somewhere there's a dropdown.And in the dropdown there's some weird code that you know to translate to an A 100. And I remember just thinking like. Every time someone says they want an A 100, like the piece of text that they're telling me that they want is like, stuffed away in the corner. Yeah. And so we were like, what if the biggest piece of text was what the user's asking for?And so when you go to Brev, it's just big GPU chips with the type that you want withswyx: beautiful animations that you worked on pre, like pre you can, like, now you can just prompt it. But back in the day. Yeah. Yeah. Those were handcraft, handcrafted artisanal code.Nader: Yeah. I was actually really proud of that because, uh, it was an, i I made it in Figma.Yeah. And then I found, I was like really struggling to figure out how to turn it from like Figma to react. So what it actually is, is just an SVG and I, I have all the styles and so when you change the chip, whether it's like active or not it changes the SVG code and that somehow like renders like, looks like it's animating, but it, we just had the transition slow, but it's just like the, a JavaScript function to change the like underlying SVG.Yeah. And that was how I ended up like figuring out how to move it from from Figma. But yeah, that's Art Artisan. [00:05:00]Kyle: Speaking of marketing stunts though, he actually used those SVGs. Or kind of use those SVGs to make these cards.Nader: Oh yeah. LikeKyle: a GPU gift card Yes. That he handed out everywhere. That was actually my first impression of thatNader: one.Yeah,swyx: yeah, yeah.Nader: Yeah.swyx: I think I still have one of them.Nader: They look great.Kyle: Yeah.Nader: I have a ton of them still actually in our garage, which just, they don't have labels. We should honestly like bring, bring them back. But, um, I found this old printing press here, actually just around the corner on Ven ness. And it's a third generation San Francisco shop.And so I come in an excited startup founder trying to like, and they just have this crazy old machinery and I'm in awe. ‘cause the the whole building is so physical. Like you're seeing these machines, they have like pedals to like move these saws and whatever. I don't know what this machinery is, but I saw all three generations.Like there's like the grandpa, the father and the son, and the son was like, around my age. Well,swyx: it's like a holy, holy trinity.Nader: It's funny because we, so I just took the same SVG and we just like printed it and it's foil printing, so they make a a, a mold. That's like an inverse of like the A 100 and then they put the foil on it [00:06:00] and then they press it into the paper.And I remember once we got them, he was like, Hey, don't forget about us. You know, I guess like early Apple and Cisco's first business cards were all made there. And so he was like, yeah, we, we get like the startup businesses but then as they mature, they kind of go somewhere else. And so I actually, I think we were talking with marketing about like using them for some, we should go back and make some cards.swyx: Yeah, yeah, yeah. You know, I remember, you know, as a very, very small breadth investor, I was like, why are we spending time like, doing these like stunts for GPUs? Like, you know, I think like as a, you know, typical like cloud hard hardware person, you go into an AWS you pick like T five X xl, whatever, and it's just like from a list and you look at the specs like, why animate this GP?And, and I, I do think like it just shows the level of care that goes throughout birth and Yeah. And now, and also the, and,Nader: and Nvidia. I think that's what the, the thing that struck me most when we first came in was like the amount of passion that everyone has. Like, I think, um, you know, you talk to, you talk to Kyle, you talk to, like, every VP that I've met at Nvidia goes so close to the metal.Like, I remember it was almost a year ago, and like my VP asked me, he's like, Hey, [00:07:00] what's cursor? And like, are you using it? And if so, why? Surprised at this, and he downloaded Cursor and he was asking me to help him like, use it. And I thought that was, uh, or like, just show him what he, you know, why we were using it.And so, the amount of care that I think everyone has and the passion, appreciate, passion and appreciation for the moment. Right. This is a very unique time. So it's really cool to see everyone really like, uh, appreciate that.swyx: Yeah.Acquisition and DevEx Shiftswyx: One thing I wanted to do before we move over to sort of like research topics and, uh, the, the stuff that Kyle's working on is just tell the story of the acquisition, right?Like, not many people have been, been through an acquisition with Nvidia. What's it like? Uh, what, yeah, just anything you'd like to say.Nader: It's a crazy experience. I think, uh, you know, we were the thing that was the most exciting for us was. Our goal was just to make it easier for developers.We wanted to find access to GPUs, make it easier to do that. And then all, oh, actually your question about launchable. So launchable was just make one click exper, like one click deploys for any software on top of the GPU. Mm-hmm. And so what we really liked about Nvidia was that it felt like we just got a lot more resources to do all of that.I think, uh, you [00:08:00] know, NVIDIA's goal is to make things as easy for developers as possible. So there was a really nice like synergy there. I think that, you know, when it comes to like an acquisition, I think the amount that the soul of the products align, I think is gonna be. Is going speak to the success of the acquisition.Yeah. And so it in many ways feels like we're home. This is a really great outcome for us. Like we you know, I love brev.nvidia.com. Like you should, you should use it's, it's theKyle: front page for GPUs.Nader: Yeah. Yeah. If you want GP views,Kyle: you go there, getswyx: it there, and it's like internally is growing very quickly.I, I don't remember You said some stats there.Nader: Yeah, yeah, yeah. It's, uh, I, I wish I had the exact numbers, but like internally, externally, it's been growing really quickly. We've been working with a bunch of partners with a bunch of different customers and ISVs, if you have a solution that you want someone that runs on the GPU and you want people to use it quickly, we can bundle it up, uh, in a launchable and make it a one click run.If you're doing things and you want just like a sandbox or something to run on, right. Like open claw. Huge moment. Super exciting. Our, uh, and we'll talk into it more, but. You know, internally, people wanna run this, and you, we know we have to be really careful from the security implications. Do we let this run on the corporate network?Security's guidance was, Hey, [00:09:00] run this on breath, it's in, you know, it's, it's, it's a vm, it's sitting in the cloud, it's off the corporate network. It's isolated. And so that's been our stance internally and externally about how to even run something like open call while we figure out how to run these things securely.But yeah,swyx: I think there's also like, you almost like we're the right team at the right time when Nvidia is starting to invest a lot more in developer experience or whatever you call it. Yeah. Uh, UX or I don't know what you call it, like software. Like obviously NVIDIA is always invested in software, but like, there's like, this is like a different audience.Yeah. It's aNader: widerKyle: developer base.swyx: Yeah. Right.Nader: Yeah. Yeah. You know, it's funny, it's like, it's not, uh,swyx: so like, what, what is it called internally? What, what is this that people should be aware that is going on there?Nader: Uh, what, like developer experienceswyx: or, yeah, yeah. Is it's called just developer experience or is there like a broader strategy hereNader: in Nvidia?Um, Nvidia always wants to make a good developer experience. The thing is and a lot of the technology is just really complicated. Like, it's not, it's uh, you know, I think, um. The thing that's been really growing or the AI's growing is having a huge moment, not [00:10:00] because like, let's say data scientists in 2018, were quiet then and are much louder now.The pie is com, right? There's a whole bunch of new audiences. My mom's wondering what she's doing. My sister's learned, like taught herself how to code. Like the, um, you know, I, I actually think just generally AI's a big equalizer and you're seeing a more like technologically literate society, I guess.Like everyone's, everyone's learning how to code. Uh, there isn't really an excuse for that. And so building a good UX means that you really understand who your end user is. And when your end user becomes such a wide, uh, variety of people, then you have to almost like reinvent the practice, right? Yeah. You haveKyle: to, and actually build more developer ux, right?Because the, there are tiers of developer base that were added. You know, the, the hackers that are building on top of open claw, right? For example, have never used gpu. They don't know what kuda is. They, they, they just want to run something.Nader: Yeah.Kyle: You need new UX that is not just. Hey, you know, how do you program something in Cuda and run it?And then, and then we built, you know, like when Deep Learning was getting big, we built, we built Torch and, and, but so recently the amount of like [00:11:00] layers that are added to that developer stack has just exploded because AI has become ubiquitous. Everyone's using it in different ways. Yeah. It'sNader: moving fast in every direction.Vertical, horizontal.Vibhu: Yeah. You guys, you even take it down to hardware, like the DGX Spark, you know, it's, it's basically the same system as just throwing it up on big GPU cluster.Nader: Yeah, yeah, yeah. It's amazing. Blackwell.swyx: Yeah. Uh, we saw the preview at the last year's GTC and that was one of the better performing, uh, videos so far, and video coverage so far.Awesome. This will beat it. Um,Nader: that wasswyx: actually, we have fingersNader: crossed. Yeah.DGX Spark and Remote AccessNader: Even when Grace Blackwell or when, um, uh, DGX Spark was first coming out getting to be involved in that from the beginning of the developer experience. And it just comes back to what youswyx: were involved.Nader: Yeah. St. St.swyx: Mars.Nader: Yeah. Yeah. I mean from, it was just like, I, I got an email, we just got thrown into the loop and suddenly yeah, I, it was actually really funny ‘cause I'm still pretty fresh from the acquisition and I'm, I'm getting an email from a bunch of the engineering VPs about like, the new hardware, GPU chip, like we're, or not chip, but just GPU system that we're putting out.And I'm like, okay, cool. Matters. Now involved with this for the ux, I'm like. What am I gonna do [00:12:00] here? So, I remember the first meeting, I was just like kind of quiet as I was hearing engineering VPs talk about what this box could be, what it could do, how we should use it. And I remember, uh, one of the first ideas that people were idea was like, oh, the first thing that it was like, I think a quote was like, the first thing someone's gonna wanna do with this is get two of them and run a Kubernetes cluster on top of them.And I was like, oh, I think I know why I'm here. I was like, the first thing we're doing is easy. SSH into the machine. And then, and you know, just kind of like scoping it down of like, once you can do that every, you, like the person who wants to run a Kubernetes cluster onto Sparks has a higher propensity for pain, then, then you know someone who buys it and wants to run open Claw right now, right?If you can make sure that that's as effortless as possible, then the rest becomes easy. So there's a tool called Nvidia Sync. It just makes the SSH connection really simple. So, you know, if you think about it like. If you have a Mac, uh, or a PC or whatever, if you have a laptop and you buy this GPU and you want to use it, you should be able to use it like it's A-A-G-P-U in the cloud, right?Um, but there's all this friction of like, how do you actually get into that? That's part of [00:13:00] Revs value proposition is just, you know, there's a CLI that wraps SSH and makes it simple. And so our goal is just get you into that machine really easily. And one thing we just launched at CES, it's in, it's still in like early access.We're ironing out some kinks, but it should be ready by GTC. You can register your spark on Brev. And so now if youswyx: like remote managed yeah, local hardware. Single pane of glass. Yeah. Yeah. Because Brev can already manage other clouds anyway, right?Vibhu: Yeah, yeah. And you use the spark on Brev as well, right?Nader: Yeah. But yeah, exactly. So, so you, you, so you, you set it up at home you can run the command on it, and then it gets it's essentially it'll appear in your Brev account, and then you can take your laptop to a Starbucks or to a cafe, and you'll continue to use your, you can continue use your spark just like any other cloud node on Brev.Yeah. Yeah. And it's just like a pre-provisioned centerswyx: in yourNader: home. Yeah, exactly.swyx: Yeah. Yeah.Vibhu: Tiny little data center.Nader: Tiny little, the size ofVibhu: your phone.SOL Culture and Dynamo Setupswyx: One more thing before we move on to Kyle. Just have so many Jensen stories and I just love, love mining Jensen stories. Uh, my favorite so far is SOL. Uh, what is, yeah, what is S-O-L-S-O-LNader: is actually, i, I think [00:14:00] of all the lessons I've learned, that one's definitely my favorite.Kyle: It'll always stick with you.Nader: Yeah. Yeah. I, you know, in your startup, everything's existential, right? Like we've, we've run out of money. We were like, on the risk of, of losing payroll, we've had to contract our team because we l ran outta money. And so like, um, because of that you're really always forcing yourself to I to like understand the root cause of everything.If you get a date, if you get a timeline, you know exactly why that date or timeline is there. You're, you're pushing every boundary and like, you're not just say, you're not just accepting like a, a no. Just because. And so as you start to introduce more layers, as you start to become a much larger organization, SOL is is essentially like what is the physics, right?The speed of light moves at a certain speed. So if flight's moving some slower, then you know something's in the way. So before trying to like layer reality back in of like, why can't this be delivered at some date? Let's just understand the physics. What is the theoretical limit to like, uh, how fast this can go?And then start to tell me why. ‘cause otherwise people will start telling you why something can't be done. But actually I think any great leader's goal is just to create urgency. Yeah. [00:15:00] There's an infiniteKyle: create compelling events, right?Nader: Yeah.Kyle: Yeah. So l is a term video is used to instigate a compelling event.You say this is done. How do we get there? What is the minimum? As much as necessary, as little as possible thing that it takes for us to get exactly here and. It helps you just break through a bunch of noise.swyx: Yeah.Kyle: Instantly.swyx: One thing I'm unclear about is, can only Jensen use the SOL card? Like, oh, no, no, no.Not everyone get the b******t out because obviously it's Jensen, but like, can someone else be like, no, likeKyle: frontline engineers use it.Nader: Yeah. Every, I think it's not so much about like, get the b******t out. It's like, it's like, give me the root understanding, right? Like, if you tell me something takes three weeks, it like, well, what's the first principles?Yeah, the first principles. It's like, what's the, what? Like why is it three weeks? What is the actual yeah. What's the actual limit of why this is gonna take three weeks? If you're gonna, if you, if let's say you wanted to buy a new computer and someone told you it's gonna be here in five days, what's the SOL?Well, like the SOL is like, I could walk into a Best Buy and pick it up for you. Right? So then anything that's like beyond that is, and is that practical? Is that how we're gonna, you know, let's say give everyone in the [00:16:00] company a laptop, like obviously not. So then like that's the SOL and then it's like, okay, well if we have to get more than 10, suddenly there might be some, right?And so now we can kind of piece the reality back.swyx: So, so this is the. Paul Graham do things that don't scale. Yeah. And this is also the, what people would now call behi agency. Yeah.Kyle: It's actually really interesting because there's a, there's a second hardware angle to SOL that like doesn't come up for all the org sol is used like culturally at aswyx: media for everything.I'm also mining for like, I think that can be annoying sometimes. And like someone keeps going IOO you and you're like, guys, like we have to be stable. We have to, we to f*****g plan. Yeah.Kyle: It's an interesting balance.Nader: Yeah. I encounter that with like, actually just with, with Alec, right? ‘cause we, we have a new conference so we need to launch, we have, we have goals of what we wanna launch by, uh, by the conference and like, yeah.At the end of the day, where isswyx: this GTC?Nader: Um, well this is like, so we, I mean we did it for CES, we did for GT CDC before that we're doing it for GTC San Jose. So I mean, like every, you know, we have a new moment. Um, and we want to launch something. Yeah. And we want to do so at SOL and that does mean that some, there's some level of prioritization that needs [00:17:00] to happen.And so it, it is difficult, right? I think, um, you have to be careful with what you're pushing. You know, stability is important and that should be factored into S-O-L-S-O-L isn't just like, build everything and let it break, you know, that, that's part of the conversation. So as you're laying, layering in all the details, one of them might be, Hey, we could build this, but then it's not gonna be stable for X, y, z reasons.And so that was like, one of our conversations for CES was, you know, hey, like we, we can get this into early access registering your spark with brev. But there are a lot of things that we need to do in order to feel really comfortable from a security perspective, right? There's a lot of networking involved before we deliver that to users.So it's like, okay. Let's get this to a point where we can at least let people experiment with it. We had it in a booth, we had it in Jensen's keynote, and then let's go iron out all the networking kinks. And that's not easy. And so, uh, that can come later. And so that was the way that we layered that back in.Yeah. ButKyle: It's not really about saying like, you don't have to do the, the maintenance or operational work. It's more about saying, you know, it's kind of like [00:18:00] highlights how progress is incremental, right? Like, what is the minimum thing that we can get to. And then there's SOL for like every component after that.But there's the SOL to get you, get you to the, the starting line. And that, that's usually how it's asked. Yeah. On the other side, you know, like SOL came out of like hardware at Nvidia. Right. So SOL is like literally if we ran the accelerator or the GPU with like at basically full speed with like no other constraints, like how FAST would be able to make a program go.swyx: Yeah. Yeah. Right.Kyle: Soswyx: in, in training that like, you know, then you work back to like some percentage of like MFU for example.Kyle: Yeah, that's a, that's a great example. So like, there's an, there's an S-O-L-M-F-U, and then there's like, you know, what's practically achievable.swyx: Cool. Should we move on to sort of, uh, Kyle's side?Uh, Kyle, you're coming more from the data science world. And, uh, I, I mean I always, whenever, whenever I meet someone who's done working in tabular stuff, graph neural networks, time series, these are basically when I go to new reps, I go to ICML, I walk the back halls. There's always like a small group of graph people.Yes. Absolute small group of tabular people. [00:19:00] And like, there's no one there. And like, it's very like, you know what I mean? Like, yeah, no, like it's, it's important interesting work if you care about solving the problems that they solve.Kyle: Yeah.swyx: But everyone else is just LMS all the time.Kyle: Yeah. I mean it's like, it's like the black hole, right?Has the event horizon reached this yet in nerves? Um,swyx: but like, you know, those are, those are transformers too. Yeah. And, and those are also like interesting things. Anyway, uh, I just wanted to spend a little bit of time on, on those, that background before we go into Dynamo, uh, proper.Kyle: Yeah, sure. I took a different path to Nvidia than that, or I joined six years ago, seven, if you count, when I was an intern.So I joined Nvidia, like right outta college. And the first thing I jumped into was not what I'd done in, during internship, which was like, you know, like some stuff for autonomous vehicles, like heavyweight object detection. I jumped into like, you know, something, I'm like, recommenders, this is popular. Andswyx: yeah, he did RexiKyle: as well.Yeah, Rexi. Yeah. I mean that, that was the taboo data at the time, right? You have tables of like, audience qualities and item qualities, and you're trying to figure out like which member of [00:20:00] the audience matches which item or, or more practically which item matches which member of the audience. And at the time, really it was like we were trying to enable.Uh, recommender, which had historically been like a little bit of a CP based workflow into something that like, ran really well in GPUs. And it's since been done. Like there are a bunch of libraries for Axis that run on GPUs. Uh, the common models like Deeplearning recommendation model, which came outta meta and the wide and deep model, which was used or was released by Google were very accelerated by GPUs using, you know, the fast HBM on the chips, especially to do, you know, vector lookups.But it was very interesting at the time and super, super relevant because like we were starting to get like. This explosion of feeds and things that required rec recommenders to just actively be on all the time. And sort of transitioned that a little bit towards graph neural networks when I discovered them because I was like, okay, you can actually use graphical neural networks to represent like, relationships between people, items, concepts, and that, that interested me.So I jumped into that at [00:21:00] Nvidia and, and got really involved for like two-ish years.swyx: Yeah. Uh, and something I learned from Brian Zaro Yeah. Is that you can just kind of choose your own path in Nvidia.Kyle: Oh my God. Yeah.swyx: Which is not a normal big Corp thing. Yeah. Like you, you have a lane, you stay in your lane.Nader: I think probably the reason why I enjoy being in a, a big company, the mission is the boss probably from a startup guy. Yeah. The missionswyx: is the boss.Nader: Yeah. Uh, it feels like a big game of pickup basketball. Like, you know, if you play one, if you wanna play basketball, you just go up to the court and you're like, Hey look, we're gonna play this game and we need three.Yeah. And you just like find your three. That's honestly for every new initiative that's what it feels like. Yeah.Vibhu: It also like shows, right? Like Nvidia. Just releasing state-of-the-art stuff in every domain. Yeah. Like, okay, you expect foundation models with Nemo tron voice just randomly parakeet.Call parakeet just comes out another one, uh, voice. TheKyle: video voice team has always been producing.Vibhu: Yeah. There's always just every other domain of paper that comes out, dataset that comes out. It's like, I mean, it also stems back to what Nvidia has to do, right? You have to make chips years before they're actually produced.Right? So you need to know, you need to really [00:22:00] focus. TheKyle: design process starts likeVibhu: exactlyKyle: three to five years before the chip gets to the market.Vibhu: Yeah. I, I'm curious more about what that's like, right? So like, you have specialist teams. Is it just like, you know, people find an interest, you go in, you go deep on whatever, and that kind of feeds back into, you know, okay, we, we expect predictions.Like the internals at Nvidia must be crazy. Right? You know? Yeah. Yeah. You know, you, you must. Not even without selling to people, you have your own predictions of where things are going. Yeah. And they're very based, very grounded. Right?Kyle: Yeah. It, it, it's really interesting. So there's like two things that I think that Amed does, which are quite interesting.Uh, one is like, we really index into passion. There's a big. Sort of organizational top sound push to like ensure that people are working on the things that they're passionate about. So if someone proposes something that's interesting, many times they can just email someone like way up the chain that they would find this relevant and say like, Hey, can I go work on this?Nader: It's actually like I worked at a, a big company for a couple years before, uh, starting on my startup journey and like, it felt very weird if you were to like email out of chain, if that makes [00:23:00] sense. Yeah. The emails at Nvidia are like mosh pitsswyx: shoot,Nader: and it's just like 60 people, just whatever. And like they're, there's this,swyx: they got messy like, reply all you,Nader: oh, it's in, it's insane.It's insane. They justKyle: help. You know, Maxim,Nader: the context. But, but that's actually like, I've actually, so this is a weird thing where I used to be like, why would we send emails? We have Slack. I am the entire, I'm the exact opposite. I feel so bad for anyone who's like messaging me on Slack ‘cause I'm so unresponsive.swyx: Your emailNader: Maxi, email Maxim. I'm email maxing Now email is a different, email is perfect because man, we can't work together. I'm email is great, right? Because important threads get bumped back up, right? Yeah, yeah. Um, and so Slack doesn't do that. So I just have like this casino going off on the right or on the left and like, I don't know which thread was from where or what, but like the threads get And then also just like the subject, so you can have like working threads.I think what's difficult is like when you're small, if you're just not 40,000 people I think Slack will work fine, but there's, I don't know what the inflection point is. There is gonna be a point where that becomes really messy and you'll actually prefer having email. ‘cause you can have working threads.You can cc more than nine people in a thread.Kyle: You can fork stuff.Nader: You can [00:24:00] fork stuff, which is super nice and just like y Yeah. And so, but that is part of where you can propose a plan. You can also just. Start, honestly, momentum's the only authority, right? So like, if you can just start, start to make a little bit of progress and show someone something, and then they can try it.That's, I think what's been, you know, I think the most effective way to push anything for forward. And that's both at Nvidia and I think just generally.Kyle: Yeah, there's, there's the other concept that like is explored a lot at Nvidia, which is this idea of a zero billion dollar business. Like market creation is a big thing at Nvidia.Like,swyx: oh, you want to go and start a zero billion dollar business?Kyle: Jensen says, we are completely happy investing in zero billion dollar markets. We don't care if this creates revenue. It's important for us to know about this market. We think it will be important in the future. It can be zero billion dollars for a while.I'm probably minging as words here for, but like, you know, like, I'll give an example. NVIDIA's been working on autonomous driving for a a long time,swyx: like an Nvidia car.Kyle: No, they, they'veVibhu: used the Mercedes, right? They're around the HQ and I think it finally just got licensed out. Now they're starting to be used quite a [00:25:00] bit.For 10 years you've been seeing Mercedes with Nvidia logos driving.Kyle: If you're in like the South San Santa Clara, it's, it's actually from South. Yeah. So, um. Zero billion dollar markets are, are a thing like, you know, Jensen,swyx: I mean, okay, look, cars are not a zero billion dollar market. But yeah, that's a bad example.Nader: I think, I think he's, he's messaging, uh, zero today, but, or even like internally, right? Like, like it's like, uh, an org doesn't have to ruthlessly find revenue very quickly to justify their existence. Right. Like a lot of the important research, a lot of the important technology being developed that, that's kind ofKyle: where research, research is very ide ideologically free at Nvidia.Yeah. Like they can pursue things that they wereswyx: Were you research officially?Kyle: I was never in research. Officially. I was always in engineering. Yeah. We in, I'm in an org called Deep Warning Algorithms, which is basically just how do we make things that are relevant to deep warning go fast.swyx: That sounds freaking cool.Vibhu: And I think a lot of that is underappreciated, right? Like time series. This week Google put out time. FF paper. Yeah. A new time series, paper res. Uh, Symantec, ID [00:26:00] started applying Transformers LMS to Yes. Rec system. Yes. And when you think the scale of companies deploying these right. Amazon recommendations, Google web search, it's like, it's huge scale andKyle: Yeah.Vibhu: You want fast?Kyle: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Actually it's, it, I, there's a fun moment that brought me like full circle. Like, uh, Amazon Ads recently gave a talk where they talked about using Dynamo for generative recommendation, which was like super, like weirdly cathartic for me. I'm like, oh my God. I've, I've supplanted what I was working on.Like, I, you're using LMS now to do what I was doing five years ago.swyx: Yeah. Amazing. And let's go right into Dynamo. Uh, maybe introduce Yeah, sure. To the top down and Yeah.Kyle: I think at this point a lot of people are familiar with the term of inference. Like funnily enough, like I went from, you know, inference being like a really niche topic to being something that's like discussed on like normal people's Twitter feeds.It's,Nader: it's on billboardsKyle: here now. Yeah. Very, very strange. Driving, driving, seeing just an inference ad on 1 0 1 inference at scale is becoming a lot more important. Uh, we have these moments like, you know, open claw where you have these [00:27:00] agents that take lots and lots of tokens, but produce, incredible results.There are many different aspects of test time scaling so that, you know, you can use more inference to generate a better result than if you were to use like a short amount of inference. There's reasoning, there's quiring, there's, adding agency to the model, allowing it to call tools and use skills.Dyno sort came about at Nvidia. Because myself and a couple others were, were sort of talking about the, these concepts that like, you know, you have inference engines like VLMS, shelan, tenor, TLM and they have like one single copy. They, they, they sort of think about like things as like one single copy, like one replica, right?Why Scale Out WinsKyle: Like one version of the model. But when you're actually serving things at scale, you can't just scale up that replica because you end up with like performance problems. There's a scaling limit to scaling up replicas. So you actually have to scale out to use a, maybe some Kubernetes type terminology.We kind of realized that there was like. A lot of potential optimization that we could do in scaling out and building systems for data [00:28:00] center scale inference. So Dynamo is this data center scale inference engine that sits on top of the frameworks like VLM Shilling and 10 T lm and just makes things go faster because you can leverage the economy of scale.The fact that you have KV cash, which we can define a little bit later, uh, in all these machines that is like unique and you wanna figure out like the ways to maximize your cash hits or you want to employ new techniques in inference like disaggregation, which Dynamo had introduced to the world in, in, in March, not introduced, it was a academic talk, but beforehand.But we are, you know, one of the first frameworks to start, supporting it. And we wanna like, sort of combine all these techniques into sort of a modular framework that allows you to. Accelerate your inference at scale.Nader: By the way, Kyle and I became friends on my first date, Nvidia, and I always loved, ‘cause like he always teaches meswyx: new things.Yeah. By the way, this is why I wanted to put two of you together. I was like, yeah, this is, this is gonna beKyle: good. It's very, it's very different, you know, like we've, we, we've, we've talked to each other a bunch [00:29:00] actually, you asked like, why, why can't we scale up?Nader: Yeah.Scale Up Limits ExplainedNader: model, you said model replicas.Kyle: Yeah. So you, so scale up means assigning moreswyx: heavier?Kyle: Yeah, heavier. Like making things heavier. Yeah, adding more GPUs. Adding more CPUs. Scale out is just like having a barrier saying, I'm gonna duplicate my representation of the model or a representation of this microservice or something, and I'm gonna like, replicate it Many times.Handle, load. And the reason that you can't scale, scale up, uh, past some points is like, you know, there, there, there are sort of hardware bounds and algorithmic bounds on, on that type of scaling. So I'll give you a good example that's like very trivial. Let's say you're on an H 100. The Maxim ENV link domain for H 100, for most Ds H one hundreds is heus, right?So if you scaled up past that, you're gonna have to figure out ways to handle the fact that now for the GPUs to communicate, you have to do it over Infin band, which is still very fast, but is not as fast as ENV link.swyx: Is it like one order of magnitude, like hundreds or,Kyle: it's about an order of magnitude?Yeah. Okay. Um, soswyx: not terrible.Kyle: [00:30:00] Yeah. I, I need to, I need to remember the, the data sheet here, like, I think it's like about 500 gigabytes. Uh, a second unidirectional for ENV link, and about 50 gigabytes a second unidirectional for Infin Band. I, it, it depends on the, the generation.swyx: I just wanna set this up for people who are not familiar with these kinds of like layers and the trash speedVibhu: and all that.Of course.From Laptop to Multi NodeVibhu: Also, maybe even just going like a few steps back before that, like most people are very familiar with. You see a, you know, you can use on your laptop, whatever these steel viol, lm you can just run inference there. All, there's all, you can, youcan run it on thatVibhu: laptop. You can run on laptop.Then you get to, okay, uh, models got pretty big, right? JLM five, they doubled the size, so mm-hmm. Uh, what do you do when you have to go from, okay, I can get 128 gigs of memory. I can run it on a spark. Then you have to go multi GPU. Yeah. Okay. Multi GPU, there's some support there. Now, if I'm a company and I don't have like.I'm not hiring the best researchers for this. Right. But I need to go [00:31:00] multi-node, right? I have a lot of servers. Okay, now there's efficiency problems, right? You can have multiple eight H 100 nodes, but, you know, is that as a, like, how do you do that efficiently?Kyle: Yeah. How do you like represent them? How do you choose how to represent the model?Yeah, exactly right. That's a, that's like a hard question. Everyone asks, how do you size oh, I wanna run GLM five, which just came out new model. There have been like four of them in the past week, by the way, like a bunch of new models.swyx: You know why? Right? Deep seek.Kyle: No comment. Oh. Yeah, but Ggl, LM five, right?We, we have this, new model. It's, it's like a large size, and you have to figure out how to both scale up and scale out, right? Because you have to find the right representation that you care about. Everyone does this differently. Let's be very clear. Everyone figures this out in their own path.Nader: I feel like a lot of AI or ML even is like, is like this. I think people think, you know, I, I was, there was some tweet a few months ago that was like, why hasn't fine tuning as a service taken off? You know, that might be me. It might have been you. Yeah. But people want it to be such an easy recipe to follow.But even like if you look at an ML model and specificKyle: to you Yeah,Nader: yeah.Kyle: And the [00:32:00] model,Nader: the situation, and there's just so much tinkering, right? Like when you see a model that has however many experts in the ME model, it's like, why that many experts? I don't, they, you know, they tried a bunch of things and that one seemed to do better.I think when it comes to how you're serving inference, you know, you have a bunch of decisions to make and there you can always argue that you can take something and make it more optimal. But I think it's this internal calibration and appetite for continued calibration.Vibhu: Yeah. And that doesn't mean like, you know, people aren't taking a shot at this, like tinker from thinking machines, you know?Yeah. RL as a service. Yeah, totally. It's, it also gets even harder when you try to do big model training, right? We're not the best at training Moes, uh, when they're pre-trained. Like we saw this with LAMA three, right? They're trained in such a sparse way that meta knows there's gonna be a bunch of inference done on these, right?They'll open source it, but it's very trained for what meta infrastructure wants, right? They wanna, they wanna inference it a lot. Now the question to basically think about is, okay, say you wanna serve a chat application, a coding copilot, right? You're doing a layer of rl, you're serving a model for X amount of people.Is it a chat model, a coding model? Dynamo, you know, back to that,Kyle: it's [00:33:00] like, yeah, sorry. So you we, we sort of like jumped off of, you know, jumped, uh, on that topic. Everyone has like, their own, own journey.Cost Quality Latency TradeoffsKyle: And I, I like to think of it as defined by like, what is the model you need? What is the accuracy you need?Actually I talked to NA about this earlier. There's three axes you care about. What is the quality that you're able to produce? So like, are you accurate enough or can you complete the task with enough, performance, high enough performance. Yeah, yeah. Uh, there's cost. Can you serve the model or serve your workflow?Because it's not just the model anymore, it's the workflow. It's the multi turn with an agent cheaply enough. And then can you serve it fast enough? And we're seeing all three of these, like, play out, like we saw, we saw new models from OpenAI that you know, are faster. You have like these new fast versions of models.You can change the amount of thinking to change the amount of quality, right? Produce more tokens, but at a higher cost in a, in a higher latency. And really like when you start this journey of like trying to figure out how you wanna host a model, you, you, you think about three things. What is the model I need to serve?How many times do I need to call it? What is the input sequence link was [00:34:00] the, what does the workflow look like on top of it? What is the SLA, what is the latency SLA that I need to achieve? Because there's usually some, this is usually like a constant, you, you know, the SLA that you need to hit and then like you try and find the lowest cost version that hits all of these constraints.Usually, you know, you, you start with those things and you say you, you kind of do like a bit of experimentation across some common configurations. You change the tensor parallel size, which is a form of parallelismVibhu: I take, it goes even deeper first. Gotta think what model.Kyle: Yes, course,ofKyle: course. It's like, it's like a multi-step design process because as you said, you can, you can choose a smaller model and then do more test time scaling and it'll equate the quality of a larger model because you're doing the test time scaling or you're adding a harness or something.So yes, it, it goes way deeper than that. But from the performance perspective, like once you get to the model you need, you need to host, you look at that and you say, Hey. I have this model, I need to serve it at the speed. What is the right configuration for that?Nader: You guys see the recent, uh, there was a paper I just saw like a few days ago that, uh, if you run [00:35:00] the same prompt twice, you're getting like double Just try itagain.Nader: Yeah, exactly.Vibhu: And you get a lot. Yeah. But the, the key thing there is you give the context of the failed try, right? Yeah. So it takes a shot. And this has been like, you know, basic guidance for quite a while. Just try again. ‘cause you know, trying, just try again. Did you try again? All adviceNader: in life.Vibhu: Just, it's a paper from Google, if I'm not mistaken, right?Yeah,Vibhu: yeah. I think it, it's like a seven bas little short paper. Yeah. Yeah. The title's very cute. And it's just like, yeah, just try again. Give it ask context,Kyle: multi-shot. You just like, say like, hey, like, you know, like take, take a little bit more, take a little bit more information, try and fail. Fail.Vibhu: And that basic concept has gone pretty deep.There's like, um, self distillation, rl where you, you do self distillation, you do rl and you have past failure and you know, that gives some signal so people take, try it again. Not strong enough.swyx: Uh, for, for listeners, uh, who listen to here, uh, vivo actually, and I, and we run a second YouTube channel for our paper club where, oh, that's awesome.Vivo just covered this. Yeah. Awesome. Self desolation and all that's, that's why he, to speed [00:36:00] on it.Nader: I'll to check it out.swyx: Yeah. It, it's just a good practice, like everyone needs, like a paper club where like you just read papers together and the social pressure just kind of forces you to just,Nader: we, we,there'sNader: like a big inference.Kyle: ReadingNader: group at a video. I feel so bad every time. I I, he put it on like, on our, he shared it.swyx: One, one ofNader: your guys,swyx: uh, is, is big in that, I forget es han Yeah, yeah,Kyle: es Han's on my team. Actually. Funny. There's a, there's a, there's a employee transfer between us. Han worked for Nater at Brev, and now he, he's on my team.He wasNader: our head of ai. And then, yeah, once we got in, andswyx: because I'm always looking for like, okay, can, can I start at another podcast that only does that thing? Yeah. And, uh, Esan was like, I was trying to like nudge Esan into like, is there something here? I mean, I don't think there's, there's new infant techniques every day.So it's like, it's likeKyle: you would, you would actually be surprised, um, the amount of blog posts you see. And ifswyx: there's a period where it was like, Medusa hydra, what Eagle, like, youKyle: know, now we have new forms of decode, uh, we have new forms of specula, of decoding or new,swyx: what,Kyle: what are youVibhu: excited? And it's exciting when you guys put out something like Tron.‘cause I remember the paper on this Tron three, [00:37:00] uh, the amount of like post train, the on tokens that the GPU rich can just train on. And it, it was a hybrid state space model, right? Yeah.Kyle: It's co-designed for the hardware.Vibhu: Yeah, go design for the hardware. And one of the things was always, you know, the state space models don't scale as well when you do a conversion or whatever the performance.And you guys are like, no, just keep draining. And Nitron shows a lot of that. Yeah.Nader: Also, something cool about Nitron it was released in layers, if you will, very similar to Dynamo. It's, it's, it's essentially it was released as you can, the pre-training, post-training data sets are released. Yeah. The recipes on how to do it are released.The model itself is released. It's full model. You just benefit from us turning on the GPUs. But there are companies like, uh, ServiceNow took the dataset and they trained their own model and we were super excited and like, you know, celebrated that work.ZoomVibhu: different. Zoom is, zoom is CGI, I think, uh, you know, also just to add like a lot of models don't put out based models and if there's that, why is fine tuning not taken off?You know, you can do your own training. Yeah,Kyle: sure.Vibhu: You guys put out based model, I think you put out everything.Nader: I believe I know [00:38:00]swyx: about base. BasicallyVibhu: without baseswyx: basic can be cancelable.Vibhu: Yeah. Base can be cancelable.swyx: Yeah.Vibhu: Safety training.swyx: Did we get a full picture of dymo? I, I don't know if we, what,Nader: what I'd love is you, you mentioned the three axes like break it down of like, you know, what's prefilled decode and like what are the optimizations that we can get with Dynamo?Kyle: Yeah. That, that's, that's, that's a great point. So to summarize on that three axis problem, right, there are three things that determine whether or not something can be done with inference, cost, quality, latency, right? Dynamo is supposed to be there to provide you like the runtime that allows you to pull levers to, you know, mix it up and move around the parade of frontier or the preto surface that determines is this actually possible with inference And AI todayNader: gives you the knobs.Kyle: Yeah, exactly. It gives you the knobs.Disaggregation Prefill vs DecodeKyle: Uh, and one thing that like we, we use a lot in contemporary inference and is, you know, starting to like pick up from, you know, in, in general knowledge is this co concept of disaggregation. So historically. Models would be hosted with a single inference engine. And that inference engine [00:39:00] would ping pong between two phases.There's prefill where you're reading the sequence generating KV cache, which is basically just a set of vectors that represent the sequence. And then using that KV cache to generate new tokens, which is called Decode. And some brilliant researchers across multiple different papers essentially made the realization that if you separate these two phases, you actually gain some benefits.Those benefits are basically a you don't have to worry about step synchronous scheduling. So the way that an inference engine works is you do one step and then you finish it, and then you schedule, you start scheduling the next step there. It's not like fully asynchronous. And the problem with that is you would have, uh, essentially pre-fill and decode are, are actually very different in terms of both their resource requirements and their sometimes their runtime.So you would have like prefill that would like block decode steps because you, you'd still be pre-filing and you couldn't schedule because you know the step has to end. So you remove that scheduling issue and then you also allow you, or you yourself, to like [00:40:00] split the work into two different ki types of pools.So pre-fill typically, and, and this changes as, as model architecture changes. Pre-fill is, right now, compute bound most of the time with the sequence is sufficiently long. It's compute bound. On the decode side because you're doing a full Passover, all the weights and the entire sequence, every time you do a decode step and you're, you don't have the quadratic computation of KV cache, it's usually memory bound because you're retrieving a linear amount of memory and you're doing a linear amount of compute as opposed to prefill where you retrieve a linear amount of memory and then use a quadratic.You know,Nader: it's funny, someone exo Labs did a really cool demo where for the DGX Spark, which has a lot more compute, you can do the pre the compute hungry prefill on a DG X spark and then do the decode on a, on a Mac. Yeah. And soVibhu: that's faster.Nader: Yeah. Yeah.Kyle: So you could, you can do that. You can do machine strat stratification.Nader: Yeah.Kyle: And like with our future generation generations of hardware, we actually announced, like with Reuben, this [00:41:00] new accelerator that is prefilled specific. It's called Reuben, CPX. SoKubernetes Scaling with GroveNader: I have a question when you do the scale out. Yeah. Is scaling out easier with Dynamo? Because when you need a new node, you can dedicate it to either the Prefill or, uh, decode.Kyle: Yeah. So Dynamo actually has like a, a Kubernetes component in it called Grove that allows you to, to do this like crazy scaling specialization. It has like this hot, it's a representation that, I don't wanna go too deep into Kubernetes here, but there was a previous way that you would like launch multi-node work.Uh, it's called Leader Worker Set. It's in the Kubernetes standard, and Leader worker set is great. It served a lot of people super well for a long period of time. But one of the things that it's struggles with is representing a set of cases where you have a multi-node replica that has a pair, right?You know, prefill and decode, or it's not paired, but it has like a second stage that has a ratio that changes over time. And prefill and decode are like two different things as your workload changes, right? The amount of prefill you'll need to do may change. [00:42:00] The amount of decode that you, you'll need to do might change, right?Like, let's say you start getting like insanely long queries, right? That probably means that your prefill scales like harder because you're hitting these, this quadratic scaling growth.swyx: Yeah.And then for listeners, like prefill will be long input. Decode would be long output, for example, right?Kyle: Yeah. So like decode, decode scale. I mean, decode is funny because the amount of tokens that you produce scales with the output length, but the amount of work that you do per step scales with the amount of tokens in the context.swyx: Yes.Kyle: So both scales with the input and the output.swyx: That's true.Kyle: But on the pre-fold view code side, like if.Suddenly, like the amount of work you're doing on the decode side stays about the same or like scales a little bit, and then the prefilled side like jumps up a lot. You actually don't want that ratio to be the same. You want it to change over time. So Dynamo has a set of components that A, tell you how to scale.It tells you how many prefilled workers and decoded workers you, it thinks you should have, and also provides a scheduling API for Kubernetes that allows you to actually represent and affect this scheduling on, on, on your actual [00:43:00] hardware, on your compute infrastructure.Nader: Not gonna lie. I feel a little embarrassed for being proud of my SVG function earlier.swyx: No, itNader: wasreallyKyle: cute. I, Iswyx: likeNader: it's all,swyx: it's all engineering. It's all engineering. Um, that's where I'mKyle: technical.swyx: One thing I'm, I'm kind of just curious about with all with you see at a systems level, everything going on here. Mm-hmm. And we, you know, we're scaling it up in, in multi, in distributed systems.Context Length and Co Designswyx: Um, I think one thing that's like kind of, of the moment right now is people are asking, is there any SOL sort of upper bounds. In terms of like, let's call, just call it context length for one for of a better word, but you can break it down however you like.Nader: Yeah.swyx: I just think like, well, yeah, I mean, like clearly you can engage in hybrid architectures and throw in some state space models in there.All, all you want, but it looks, still looks very attention heavy.Kyle: Yes. Uh, yeah. Long context is attention heavy. I mean, we have these hybrid models, um,swyx: to take and most, most models like cap out at a million contexts and that's it. Yeah. Like for the last two years has been it.Kyle: Yeah. The model hardware context co-design thing that we're seeing these days is actually super [00:44:00] interesting.It's like my, my passion, like my secret side passion. We see models like Kimmy or G-P-T-O-S-S. I'm use these because I, I know specific things about these models. So Kimmy two comes out, right? And it's an interesting model. It's like, like a deep seek style architecture is MLA. It's basically deep seek, scaled like a little bit differently, um, and obviously trained differently as well.But they, they talked about, why they made the design choices for context. Kimmy has more experts, but fewer attention heads, and I believe a slightly smaller attention, uh, like dimension. But I need to remember, I need to check that. Uh, it doesn't matter. But they discussed this actually at length in a blog post on ji, which is like our pu which is like credit puswyx: Yeah.Kyle: Um, in, in China. Chinese red.swyx: Yeah.Kyle: It's, yeah. So it, it's, it's actually an incredible blog post. Uh, like all the mls people in, in, in that, I've seen that on GPU are like very brilliant, but they, they talk about like the creators of Kimi K two [00:45:00] actually like, talked about it on, on, on there in the blog post.And they say, we, we actually did an experiment, right? Attention scales with the number of heads, obviously. Like if you have 64 heads versus 32 heads, you do half the work of attention. You still scale quadratic, but you do half the work. And they made a, a very specific like. Sort of barter in their system, in their architecture, they basically said, Hey, what if we gave it more experts, so we're gonna use more memory capacity.But we keep the amount of activated experts the same. We increase the expert sparsity, so we have fewer experts act. The ratio to of experts activated to number of experts is smaller, and we decrease the number of attention heads.Vibhu: And kind of for context, what the, what we had been seeing was you make models sparser instead.So no one was really touching heads. You're just having, uh,Kyle: well, they, they did, they implicitly made it sparser.Vibhu: Yeah, yeah. For, for Kimmy. They did,Kyle: yes.Vibhu: They also made it sparser. But basically what we were seeing was people were at the level of, okay, there's a sparsity ratio. You want more total parameters, less active, and that's sparsity.[00:46:00]But what you see from papers, like, the labs like moonshot deep seek, they go to the level of, okay, outside of just number of experts, you can also change how many attention heads and less attention layers. More attention. Layers. Layers, yeah. Yes, yes. So, and that's all basically coming back to, just tied together is like hardware model, co-design, which isKyle: hardware model, co model, context, co-design.Vibhu: Yeah.Kyle: Right. Like if you were training a, a model that was like. Really, really short context, uh, or like really is good at super short context tasks. You may like design it in a way such that like you don't care about attention scaling because it hasn't hit that, like the turning point where like the quadratic curve takes over.Nader: How do you consider attention or context as a separate part of the co-design? Like I would imagine hardware or just how I would've thought of it is like hardware model. Co-design would be hardware model context co-designKyle: because the harness and the context that is produced by the harness is a part of the model.Once it's trained in,Vibhu: like even though towards the end you'll do long context, you're not changing architecture through I see. Training. Yeah.Kyle: I mean you can try.swyx: You're saying [00:47:00] everyone's training the harness into the model.Kyle: I would say to some degree, orswyx: there's co-design for harness. I know there's a small amount, but I feel like not everyone has like gone full send on this.Kyle: I think, I think I think it's important to internalize the harness that you think the model will be running. Running into the model.swyx: Yeah. Interesting. Okay. Bash is like the universal harness,Kyle: right? Like I'll, I'll give. An example here, right? I mean, or just like a, like a, it's easy proof, right? If you can train against a harness and you're using that harness for everything, wouldn't you just train with the harness to ensure that you get the best possible quality out of,swyx: Well, the, uh, I, I can provide a counter argument.Yeah, sure. Which is what you wanna provide a generally useful model for other people to plug into their harnesses, right? So if youKyle: Yeah. Harnesses can be open, open source, right?swyx: Yeah. So I mean, that's, that's effectively what's happening with Codex.Kyle: Yeah.swyx: And, but like you may want like a different search tool and then you may have to name it differently or,Nader: I don't know how much people have pushed on this, but can you.Train a model, would it be, have you have people compared training a model for the for the harness versus [00:48:00] like post training forswyx: I think it's the same thing. It's the same thing. It's okay. Just extra post training. INader: see.swyx: And so, I mean, cognition does this course, it does this where you, you just have to like, if your tool is slightly different, um, either force your tool to be like the tool that they train for.Hmm. Or undo their training for their tool and then Oh, that's re retrain. Yeah. It's, it's really annoying and like,Kyle: I would hope that eventually we hit like a certain level of generality with respect to training newswyx: tools. This is not a GI like, it's, this is a really stupid like. Learn my tool b***h.Like, I don't know if, I don't know if I can say that, but like, you know, um, I think what my point kind of is, is that there's, like, I look at slopes of the scaling laws and like, this slope is not working, man. We, we are at a million token con

We hope you are inspired by this week's message from Pastor Neil Hopper. If you would like to know more about us visit our website at CLCC.church.https://www.instagram.com/cedarlake_cc/

Stranger Things Season 2, Episode 4 Review – Will the Wise | Podcast BreakdownIn this episode of our Stranger Things podcast, we break down Season 2, Episode 4: “Will the Wise.” Will Byers' terrifying visions reveal the growing influence of the Mind Flayer, while the Upside Down's threat spreads beneath Hawkins.We analyze Will's drawings and possession, Hopper's discovery of the underground tunnels, and what this episode reveals about the larger mythology of Stranger Things. Plus, we discuss Eleven's emotional journey, character development, and the escalating horror that defines Season 2.Perfect for fans looking for a Stranger Things episode recap, review, and analysis.

In 2 Samuel 9, we meet Mephibosheth. He's crippled, hiding in a place called "nowhere," carrying a name that means shame, and yet met with unimaginable kindness by King David. But here's the twist: in this story, we are not David. We are Mephibosheth. Join us as we unpack the difference between covenant love and consumer love, and discover how truly feeling the grace God has shown us transforms the way we love others.__The Bridge Church exists to join God in multiplying his kingdom in Wilmington and the world.For more information on The Bridge Church, please visit https://thebridgeilm.com/Next Steps: https://thebridgeilm.churchcenter.com/people/forms/302918If you feel led, give online by clicking here: https://www.thebridgeilm.com/giveSTAY CONNECTEDInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/thebridgeilm/Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheBridgeILMEvents Page: https://thebridgeilm.churchcenter.com/registrations/events

[ScoopViewfinderLive] 4 มีนาคม 2569 ' Hopper ' กับคะแนนสูงถึง 97% / บทหนังสงครามดราฟ 1เสร็จแล้ว

For nearly a decade, Abby Hopper served as President and CEO of SEIA, the Solar Energy Industries Association, representing the U.S. solar industry through one of its most transformative periods.From trade wars and policy battles to the rise of domestic manufacturing and record industry growth, Abby had a front-row seat as solar moved from the margins of the energy system to the center of it.In this conversation, Abby reflects on the challenges she inherited, the progress the industry made, and the work that still lies ahead — from building political influence in Washington to strengthening credibility across the market.It's a candid look at the decade that reshaped solar, and what comes next for the industry.Expect to learn:

      What if the very thing holding you back isn't your body… but your fear? In this week's episode of Be a Warrior Podcast, I'm coming to you in real time  in the middle of something new, uncomfortable, and humbling. If you've been following along, you know last week I talked about life lessons from the ski slopes and how we have to stop looking down at our feet and start looking ahead at what's coming. That lesson didn't end on the mountain. It followed me straight into this week. As an above-knee amputee, I've learned that one of our earliest survival habits is looking down. When you first get your prosthesis, you watch it constantly. You can't feel your foot, so you visually confirm it's there. Every step is deliberate. Every movement is monitored. Adaptive skiing taught me the same lesson when I ski with one leg, my instinct is to look down at my ski to make sure it's under me. But when you look down, you miss what's coming at you. Hazards. Forks in the road. The bigger picture. And that's not just skiing. That's life. This week, I'm leaning into something I do every year  choosing a word that will guide me. My word for 2026 is trust. And wouldn't you know it? I was immediately handed an opportunity to live it. A prosthetics company from France, Hopper, reached out and asked me to try their running blade. Now, if you know me, you know I've used a running blade before. I even completed a 10K during my first year as an amputee adding socks mid-race as my limb volume shrank, hoping my leg would stay on. That race required grit. It required strength. But above all, it required trust. This new blade, however, is different. It required a different knee a microprocessor knee I've never used before. For six years I trusted my Ottobock C-Leg. Last September, I transitioned to the Össur Navi knee because it's waterproof  I can snorkel with it, travel with it, take it into the ocean. I love how it responds. I trust it. And now? I'm back at square one. New knee. New blade. New mechanics. New fear. New Blade- Trust the Process   Hopper Running Blade Standing between parallel bars in an office, with people watching and cameras recording, I felt that old instinct creep back in. Tight muscles. Hesitation. Looking down. Wanting to be good immediately. Wanting to “perform.” Wanting to prove. But trust doesn't grow in 30 minutes under fluorescent lights. So I brought the blade home. And here I am walking in it around my house. Stepping outside. Trying to “run,” which currently looks more like a gallop from a newborn deer. It's awkward. It's humbling. It's vulnerable. And it's exactly where growth happens. Here's what I've realized: when we don't trust, fear takes over. And fear tightens us up. We don't relax into movement. We don't open up. We don't visualize success we visualize what could go wrong. What if I fall? What if I break my wrist? What if I embarrass myself in public? I've fallen before. On sidewalks. In front of cars that didn't even stop to check on me. I've tripped on hikes. I've fallen skiing. And every single time, I learned something. Failure is feedback. On my last ski trip, I intentionally chose the harder side of the slope. Why? Because I realized if I wasn't falling, I probably wasn't pushing. I did fall exhausted from aggressive turns my muscles weren't prepared for. And that fall told me exactly what I needed to strengthen. If we never risk failure, we never gather information. And that applies far beyond prosthetics or skiing. It applies to relationships. To careers. To faith. To stepping into something new. Trust requires us to first identify what we're afraid of. For me, I had to name it: I'm afraid of falling. I'm afraid of being embarrassed. I'm afraid of injury that could set me back. Once I name the fear, I can address it. Once I address it, I can begin building trust.     That's my call to action for you this week. First: choose a word. A guiding word for your year. Maybe it's trust. Maybe it's courage. Maybe it's surrender. Maybe it's strength. But choose something intentional. Second: identify where fear is showing up in your life. Where are you tightening up? Where are you looking down instead of forward? If you're a new amputee and you're exhausted from thinking through every step — I see you. I remember the mental drain of early prosthetic use. I remember wondering if I'd ever be able to carry laundry without watching my foot. And now? I do it without thinking. But it took time. It took repetition. It took falling. It took lifting my chin. If you're not wearing your prosthesis because you don't trust it, the only way through is through. Wear it. Practice in your home. Slow your gait. Gradually lift your eyes forward. You will build that trust, one step at a time. And if your struggle isn't physical — if it's relational, emotional, spiritual — the principle is the same. Face the fear. Name it. Then take one small step toward trust. This week, I'm in the middle of it with you. Learning a new knee. Learning a new blade. Learning to open up again after five years of not truly running. I don't know yet how it will end. But I know this: I won't build trust by standing still. There is a warrior within you. And warriors don't avoid fear they walk straight into it with their chin lifted and their eyes forward. So let's do this together. Choose your word. Face your fear. Trust the process. And until next time, Be Healthy, Be Happy, Be YOU!!!   Much love,    

Billy kicks us off with the All Sports Report featuring some exciting news for Carlton fans, then Collingwood's Ned Long joins the show ahead of their Opening Round clash with the Saints - but Billy has been doing some digging into his private life. Topics Brownless wants to know what you recently tried for the first time, and we're reminded of a classic line from Jay Z Clark. Herby is in studio for Billywood - as Kim Kardashian is rumoured to be visiting Melbourne for the Grand Prix, and Delta Goodrem is announced as Australia's contestant in this year's Eurovision Song Contest. Billy has found the audition tapes of some other noted singers who weren't nominated for Eurovision, then we've found some audio of Nick Riewoldt that Billy is NOT happy with. Richmond's Jacob Hopper is in studio - where he learns that his family history intersects way too closely with Billy's, and Billy finishes the show with a joke about a young girl stranded with a flat tyre.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Second Sunday of LentScripture Lesson: Psalm 23:1-3

We hope you are inspired and fulfilled by this week's message from Pastor Neil Hopper. If you would like to know more about us visit our website at CLCC.church. https://www.instagram.com/cedarlake_cc/

Rev. Dr. Harden Hopper preaches on Luke 10:38-42.First United Methodist Church of MariettaGiving link: https://onrealm.org/mariettafumc/-/form/give/nowChurch website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.mariettafumc.org/

Catwoman has been around for over 80 years, and like all good Bat villains, she has changed with the times. But it's amazing how much of the character has been there through the ages. Patreon backer and friend of the show Sam Hopper joins us to look at the evolution of Catwoman, what has stayed the same and what has changed, in three stories from three different eras. In a Golden Age story, Selina works to prove she's gone straight. In a Bronze Age story, well she also works to prove she's gone straight. And in a glorious story of Silver Age madness, she is not going straight at all, but is instead turning Lois Lane into another Catwoman and Superman into a housecat. It's as wild as it sounds. Catwoman: Empress of the Underworld (Batman V.1 # 65) The Catwoman's Black Magic (Superman's Girlfriend, Lois Lane # 70-71) Shadow of the Cat (Batman V.1 # 323-324) Check out our current ranking list at www.comicsxf.com/batchat-rankings/ Thanks to Geri Nonnewitz for our podcast logo Support the show on Patreon at www.patreon.com/batchatwithmattandwill

From a strong start that landed them New Brewery of the Year for 2024, to now clearly making it inside our annual Top 10 Breweries in Ontario for 2025, Dune Hopper is going from strength to strength. Co-Founders Colin and Steph joined Cee and Nate to chat about what's been happening since their last appearance on the pod, the importance of collabs and how they can help grow the presence of a brand, how their community rallies around them during the slower months, how they do "the sofa test", how they sour beer with yoghurt, what it means to them to have made the BAOS lists two years in a row, their love of animals, what's going on in The County with all the incredible breweries, Colin's travels for beer, and some of their favourite beers that they brew. They all got into seven killer Dune Hopper beers - Drift Light Pale Lager, Tent Pitcher Craft Lager, Fox Trot Hazy IPA, Solo Trip - Riwaka Single Hop Hazy IPA, Adventure Blueberry Cheesecake Pastry Sour, Wild Life Czech-Style Dark Lager collaboration with Pierced Mug, and Raspberry Moon Pastry Stout. This was a gem - cheers! BAOS Podcast Subscribe to the podcast on YouTube | Website | Theme tune: Cee - BrewHeads

In this month's special, Cam and Jen talk with Hopper from Final Trace. In the summer of 1986, 18-year-old Brent Brand went to a party in Vincennes, Indiana, and never made it home. Eight days later, across state lines, Brent's body was found face down in a drainage ditch. No injuries. No clear cause of death. What began as a missing-person case soon spiraled into something bigger: accusations, rumors, and more than 30 witnesses — including police officers — drawn into the investigation. Listen as Hopper returns to his hometown to revisit a mystery still shadowed by unanswered questions and a silence that refuses to fade. Don't forget to subscribe to Hopper's podcast, Final Trace. Available wherever you get your podcasts. Music by Nico Fyffe-Vettese Editing by Jesse Fyffe-Vettese Check them out , The Inky Paw Print Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We hope you are inspired and fulfilled by this week's message from Pastor Neil Harper. If you would like to know more about us visit our website at CLCC.church. https://www.instagram.com/cedarlake_cc/

Rev. Dr. Harden Hopper preaches on Luke 10:25-37. He speaks about the story of the Good Samaritan, and what it means to be neighborly.First United Methodist Church of MariettaGiving link: https://onrealm.org/mariettafumc/-/form/give/nowChurch website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.mariettafumc.org/

02/20/2026 – Andrew Hopper –on pursuing adoption as the adopted children of God

How do we model the way God brings each of us into His family? How can we faithfully support families who choose to grow their families through fostering or adoption?For Pastor Andrew Hopper, adopting a child with special needs has opened his eyes to a deeper understanding of what it means for each of us to be adopted into the family of God. Through navigating complex medical needs, the pain often associated with adoption, and the work of shaping a church culture that actively supports adoptive and foster families, Andrew has seen firsthand how God reveals the gospel through adoption and foster care. In his book Chosen: Building Your Family the Way God Builds His, he offers a practical and compelling framework for how churches can become places of genuine care and support for families who foster or adopt.In this conversation, Davey and Andrew explore what it looks like to give our children what they truly need—even when it doesn't align with our expectations, the unique challenges of parenting a child with medical needs, and how the church can learn to be “rope holders”: people who provide meaningful, practical support to those walking the road of adoption and foster care.If your family has been built through adoption or fostering, or if you want to learn how to better care for a family that has, this episode offers practical insight into embracing adoption and foster care as acts of faith, mission, and ministry. Website: https://andrewphopper.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/andrewphopper/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AndrewPHopper/ Book: Chosen: Building Your Family the Way God Builds His https://amzn.to/3KeqPR9 Stories matter. They inspire, uplift, and remind us we're not alone in our pain. Hope in the Valley: 42 Days of Healing Through the Psalms After Loss, Grief, and Tragedy is a new devotional featuring real stories from the Nothing Is Wasted community—offering strength, comfort, and hope in life's hardest moments. Order your copy today at: www.nothingiswasted.com/hopeinthevalley Looking for help in navigating the valley of pain and trauma? Our Nothing is Wasted coaches can help: www.nothingiswasted.com/coaching Want a pathway through your pain? The Pain to Purpose Course can lead you through all you've been through: www.nothingiswasted.com/paintoppurpose Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Was the Stranger Things finale too safe—or exactly right? Jeff Haecker, Fr. Andrew Kinstetter, and Rob Leonardi unpack Vecna's defeat, Will's pivotal moment, Hopper's healing, and why friendship—not spectacle—defines the ending. The post The Secrets of Stranger Things, Season 5, Part 2 appeared first on StarQuest Media.

Join Todd Unzicker and Andrew Hopper as they discuss the theological connection between believers' spiritual adoption in Christ and the call to care for the orphan. Discover how your church can grow from “guilt-driven” ministry to become a community of “rope holders” for the vulnerable and the families caring for them. In this episode, Todd Unzicker sits down with Andrew Hopper, pastor of Mercy Hill Church, to discuss his new book, Chosen: Building Your Family the Way God Builds His. Hopper shares his personal journey as an adoptive father and explains why adoption should never be a “litmus test” for the faith, but rather a response to the gospel. They explore the theological framework of being “chosen” by God and how that reality should naturally overflow into a church's mission to care for vulnerable children. Listen as they offer practical encouragement and unpack different ways local church members and N.C. Baptists can act as “rope holders” – the vital support system of believers who sustain adoptive and foster families. Whether through financial generosity, providing childcare or offering relational support, Hopper and Unzicker emphasize that every member of the local church has a role to play. By partnering with initiatives like Every Child, churches of all sizes can move toward a sustainable, mission-focused vision where children in North Carolina have a gospel-centered home.

We hope you are inspired and fulfilled by this week's message from Pastor Neil Hopper. If you would like to know more about us visit our website at CLCC.church.https://www.instagram.com/cedarlake_cc/

As Hawkins gears up for Halloween, tensions rise in Stranger Things: Season 2, Episode 2. A mysterious new high score at the arcade rattles the kids, introducing a rival who may not be what he seems. Meanwhile, Hopper grows increasingly uneasy as he investigates a field of rotting pumpkins, uncovering signs that something is very wrong beneath the surface of town.In this episode, paranoia creeps in, the Upside Down's influence spreads, and the calm before the storm starts to crack. Let's break down the clues, character moments, and ominous hints that set the tone for the season ahead.#StrangerThings #StrangerThings2 #Netflix #Hawkins #UpsideDown #80sVibes #EpisodeReview #TVReview #SeriesBreakdown #TVAnalysis #PopCulture#NerdCulture #GeekCulture #BingeWatching #StreamingNow

Float down the Honey River on a bright spring day and meet the busiest builder in Beaverton: Barry Beaver. When a tiny splinter threatens the mighty dam that protects the legendary Hodge Podge Lodge, you jump in to help—twig by twig, stone by slippery stone—just in time to save the day. But beyond the warm pond and friendly beaver waves, something feels…off. Barry's worries about fish, frogs, and “perfect” construction grow louder, until a mysterious bald eagle named Mr. Rohn appears at the edge of Beaverton with a warning that chills the sunshine.In this cozy adventure, you'll breathe deep, feel the river's calm, and discover that even the strongest homes can't stay the same forever.

Float down the Honey River on a bright spring day and meet the busiest builder in Beaverton: Barry Beaver. When a tiny splinter threatens the mighty dam that protects the legendary Hodge Podge Lodge, you jump in to help—twig by twig, stone by slippery stone—just in time to save the day. But beyond the warm pond and friendly beaver waves, something feels…off. Barry's worries about fish, frogs, and “perfect” construction grow louder, until a mysterious bald eagle named Mr. Rohn appears at the edge of Beaverton with a warning that chills the sunshine.In this cozy adventure, you'll breathe deep, feel the river's calm, and discover that even the strongest homes can't stay the same forever.

Float down the Honey River on a bright spring day and meet the busiest builder in Beaverton: Barry Beaver. When a tiny splinter threatens the mighty dam that protects the legendary Hodge Podge Lodge, you jump in to help—twig by twig, stone by slippery stone—just in time to save the day. But beyond the warm pond and friendly beaver waves, something feels…off. Barry's worries about fish, frogs, and “perfect” construction grow louder, until a mysterious bald eagle named Mr. Rohn appears at the edge of Beaverton with a warning that chills the sunshine.In this cozy adventure, you'll breathe deep, feel the river's calm, and discover that even the strongest homes can't stay the same forever.

Float down the Honey River on a bright spring day and meet the busiest builder in Beaverton: Barry Beaver. When a tiny splinter threatens the mighty dam that protects the legendary Hodge Podge Lodge, you jump in to help—twig by twig, stone by slippery stone—just in time to save the day. But beyond the warm pond and friendly beaver waves, something feels…off. Barry's worries about fish, frogs, and “perfect” construction grow louder, until a mysterious bald eagle named Mr. Rohn appears at the edge of Beaverton with a warning that chills the sunshine.In this cozy adventure, you'll breathe deep, feel the river's calm, and discover that even the strongest homes can't stay the same forever.

Rev. Dr. Harden Hopper preaches on Matthew 17:1-13.First United Methodist Church of MariettaGiving link: https://onrealm.org/mariettafumc/-/form/give/nowChurch website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.mariettafumc.org/

In deze aflevering van Nerd Culture duiken we vol in noir-spinnen, mutant turtles en nostalgie met een hoofdletter N. Van een zwart-wit Nicolas Cage als Spider-Noir tot de geannuleerde, R-rated The Last Ronin die stiekem een vervolg had moeten zijn op de TMNT-film uit 1990; het is weer zo'n week waarin IP's botsen met creatieve ambities.We bespreken trailers, onverwachte updates en studio's die groot inzetten op hun kroonjuwelen: Paramount dat Turtle-power industrialiseert, Apple dat Severance volledig naar zich toetrekt, en Sony dat eindelijk beweging laat zien rondom Spider-Verse. Ondertussen blikken we terug op klassiekers, checken we nieuwe series en stellen we de vraag: wanneer is franchise-uitbreiding slimme wereldbouw… en wanneer wordt het puur machtsvertoon? Welkom bij Nerd Culture #246.Amazon dropt Spider-Noir TrailerWe duiken in het schaduwrijk van Spider-Noir, waarin Nicolas Cage opnieuw het web spint, maar dit keer in live-action. Geen standaard Spider-Man, geen Peter Parker, maar Ben Reilly als doorrookte privédetective in een depressie-era New York. Cage kanaliseert Humphrey Bogart, een vleugje Edward G. Robinson en – jawel – zelfs Bugs Bunny, en giet dat alles in een noir-jasje dat je zowel in kleur als in stijlvol zwart-wit kunt bekijken. Wat krijg je als je Marvel-mythologie mixt met jaren '30 film noir, radio-serial vibes en Hopper-achtige melancholie? In deze aflevering bespreken we hoe deze serie balanceert tussen pulp, kunst en comic book bombast — en of dit een creatieve heruitvinding is waar het genre op zat te wachten.Paramount gaat all-in op TMNTDaarnaast kijken we naar hoe Paramount vol inzet op Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles als compleet entertainment-universum. Onder nieuw Skydance-leiderschap wordt de franchise uitgerold over élke doelgroep: van de peutervriendelijke Teeny Mutant Ninja Turtles-YouTube-serie tot een volwassen proza-adaptatie van The Last Ronin, en een middle-grade boek met Splinter's Dojo. Daar blijft het niet bij. Mattel neemt vanaf 2027 de speelgoedlijn over, gekoppeld aan Mutant Mayhem 2 en een nieuwe live-action/CG-hybridefilm in 2028. Voeg daar Turtle-pizzeria's, heruitgaven van The Secret of the Ooze en crossovers aan toe, en het is duidelijk: dit is geen losse sequel-strategie, dit is een ecosysteem. De vraag die wij stellen: is dit slimme wereldbouw… of pure IP-exploitatie in slow motion?

The headlines said Kouri Richins was fighting to move her trial. What they didn't tell you is that fight was already over.Judge Mrazik denied the defense's second venue change request on February 2nd — the same motion Fox News reported on five days later as though it were still pending. The defense argued 85 percent of prospective jurors recognized the case and the pool had shrunk to roughly 72 viable candidates. Prosecutors fired back with different numbers from the same data: 830 potential jurors who said they either hadn't heard of the case or hadn't followed it. The judge sided with the state. Again.But the venue motion may never have been about winning. Look at the defense's broader pattern heading into trial — Crozier's fentanyl recantation, the witness intimidation allegations against Detective O'Driscoll and investigator Hopper, the timeline objections, and now a second failed venue bid. Each motion builds a paper trail. Each denial becomes a potential appellate issue. The question isn't whether the defense expected to move the trial. The question is whether they're already building the record for what comes after a conviction.Meanwhile, the reason this case is famous isn't media hype. It's a children's grief book, a jailhouse letter prosecutors call witness tampering, nearly $2 million in alleged insurance fraud, and a drug chain that's falling apart on the witness stand before trial even begins.Kouri Richins has pleaded not guilty and is presumed innocent until proven guilty. Jury selection begins February 10th.#KouriRichins #EricRichins #HiddenKillers #VenueChangeDenied #WitnessIntimidation #JeffODriscoll #RobertCrozier #FentanylCase #SummitCounty #TrueCrimePodcastJoin Our SubStack For AD-FREE ADVANCE EPISODES & EXTRAS!: https://hiddenkillers.substack.com/Want to comment and watch this podcast as a video? Check out our YouTube Channel. https://www.youtube.com/@hiddenkillerspodInstagram https://www.instagram.com/hiddenkillerspod/Facebook https://www.facebook.com/hiddenkillerspod/Tik-Tok https://www.tiktok.com/@hiddenkillerspodX Twitter https://x.com/TrueCrimePodListen Ad-Free On Apple Podcasts Here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/true-crime-today-premium-plus-ad-free-advance-episode/id1705422872This publication contains commentary and opinion based on publicly available information. All individuals are presumed innocent until proven guilty in a court of law. Nothing published here should be taken as a statement of fact, health or legal advice.

In every generation, God raises up shepherds who are willing to speak the truth—even when it costs them. In this Shepherds in the Storm episode, I'm joined by my friend Pastor Phil Hopper, lead pastor of Abundant Life Church, to talk about why the church was never meant to be silent. We unpack the fear keeping pastors quiet, why today's biggest issues are biblical—not political—and why courage in the pulpit matters more than ever. If you're a pastor, church leader, or believer longing for clarity and conviction in a confusing culture, this conversation will encourage you.Prime Sponsor: No matter where you live, visit the Functional Medical Institute online today to connect with Drs Mark and Michele Sherwood. Go to homeschoolhealth.com to get connected and see some of my favorites items. Use coupon code HEIDI for 20% off!Show mentions: http://heidistjohn.com/mentionsWebsite | heidistjohn.comSupport the show! | donorbox.org/donation-827Rumble | rumble.com/user/HeidiStJohnYoutube | youtube.com/@HeidiStJohnPodcastInstagram | @‌heidistjohnFacebook | Heidi St. JohnX | @‌heidistjohnFaith That Speaks Online CommunitySubmit your questions for Fan Mail Friday | heidistjohn.com/fanmailfriday

Stranger Things: Season 1, Episode 8 – The Upside Down | Episode Review & BreakdownThe Season 1 finale is here, and everything comes crashing together in “The Upside Down.” Dr. Brenner interrogates Hopper and Joyce as the truth about Hawkins threatens to come out, while the boys wait anxiously with Eleven in the school gym. Back at the Byers' house, Nancy and Jonathan gear up for an all-out fight against the monster that's been stalking them all season.In this episode, sacrifices are made, friendships are tested, and the line between our world and the Upside Down is pushed to its breaking point. Join me as I break down the key moments, character arcs, emotional beats, and what this explosive finale sets up for the future of Stranger Things.

In this episode of the Day 0 Update: We talk about the GDC survey on the state of game dev's thoughts about the industry, DrDisrespect's pathetic week, and Comcept being shut down. All this and more, up next!Full show notes can be found ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.

A listener said their life isn't dramatic enough for a story. This episode proves them wrong — with 4 AI prompts you can try today. Every artist has a story. Hopper painted his loneliness. Morandi painted the same bottles for 40 years. Your story doesn't need to be dramatic — it needs to be yours. These 4 prompts use AI to interview you, pull your story out, and save it so every caption, bio, and email already knows who you are. In this episode: Why you can't see your own story (and why that's normal) Real artists with "boring" lives who became legends 4 copy-paste prompts to pull your story out How to save your story as a context file Prompt 1 — The Origin Story Interview: I'm an artist and I need help discovering and articulating my story. I want you to interview me — ask me questions one at a time, wait for my answer, then ask a follow-up that digs deeper. Start with how I got into art. Don't accept surface-level answers — if I say "I've always liked drawing," ask me WHEN and WHERE and WHAT I was drawing and WHY. Keep going until you feel like you have enough material to write a compelling origin story. Then write it for me in first person, in a warm conversational tone — not a formal bio. Something I could read on a podcast or put on my website. Keep it under 300 words. Prompt 2 — The "Why This" Interview: Now I want you to interview me about WHY I create what I create. Ask me about my subject matter, my medium, my style. Dig into why I chose these — was it intentional or did I stumble into it? Is there a personal connection to my subjects? Don't let me get away with "I just like it" — help me find the deeper reason. When you have enough, write a short paragraph (150 words max) I can use when someone asks "Why do you paint/photograph [subject]?" Prompt 3 — The Piece Story: I'm going to describe one specific piece of art I've made. I want you to interview me about it — where I was when I made it, what was happening in my life, what I was feeling, why I chose the composition/colors/subject. Then write me a short story (100-150 words) I could use as the caption or description for this piece. Make it personal and specific — not generic art-speak. Prompt 4 — The Bio Generator: Based on everything we've discussed in this conversation, write my artist bio in three versions: 1. ONE SENTENCE — for social media profiles and quick intros. 2. ONE PARAGRAPH — for show applications, website about page, email signatures. 3. FULL PAGE — for press kits, gallery submissions, and detailed about pages. Use a warm, conversational tone. Avoid art-world jargon. Make it sound like ME, not like a museum placard. Resources mentioned: ChatGPT Projects — save your story as context Claude Projects — save your story as context Know an artist who thinks they don't have a story? Send them this episode. Related episodes: The Artwork Didn't Change. The Story Did. (Jan 2026) Context is Still King. If You Use It. (Jan 2026) Steal These Prompts (May 2025)

We hope you are inspired and fulfilled by this week's message from Pastor Neil Hopper. If you would like to know more about us visit our website at CLCC.churchhttps://www.instagram.com/cedarlake_cc/

Kathleen, Miles and Kirk re-watch Stranger Things 5 Chapter 8 ‘The Rightside Up'Join us in discussion through the steps of Operation Beanstalk from the saving of the kids in Henry's mind-world to stop the Abyss to the Steve's almost-death on the upside down WSQK radio tower. We talk about Mike and Will, Nancy's love triangle concluded without her, Kali's importance to the episode and series, the nature of the Abyss and the rich and tragic conversations between Hopper and Eleven.We'll be back for Part 2 of the finale on 2/6. My gosh, feels like we have the whole episode still to go. Taking the time to focus on the beginning though is the great part about these deep dives. So fun to talk about the little things!Twitter/Instagram/YouTube: StrangerStill22.

In Stranger Things: Season 1, Episode 7 – “The Bathtub,” the tension hits a boiling point as the truth about the Upside Down begins to surface.Eleven pushes her powers to the limit in a desperate attempt to reach Will, while Hopper and Joyce take a huge risk that could change everything. Meanwhile, Lucas sounds the alarm as the “bad men” close in, forcing the kids to make a dangerous stand. Elsewhere, Jonathan and Nancy finally show the police the disturbing evidence they captured on camera—proof that something very wrong is happening in Hawkins.Secrets unravel, loyalties are tested, and the line between science and the supernatural disappears in one of the most intense episodes of Season 1.

The Kouri Richins murder trial is two weeks away and the prosecution is facing a credibility crisis on multiple fronts.Defense attorneys just filed a motion accusing lead detective Jeff O'Driscoll and investigator Travis Hopper of intimidating state witnesses. Text messages attached to the filing allegedly show O'Driscoll threatening one witness with arrest and jail if she didn't submit to prep sessions she had refused. His message reportedly included a threat to return with "a warrant and a catch pole for the dog." A second witness claims Hopper warned that their immunity agreement could be revoked for declining additional interviews.This follows months of pretrial battles over evidence and witness credibility. In January, defense attorneys questioned O'Driscoll's truthfulness during suppression hearings about whether he knew Richins had an attorney when he interviewed her. Summit County brought in outside counsel to investigate. The defense also revealed that Robert Crozier — the man prosecutors say supplied the fentanyl that killed Eric Richins — has recanted, now claiming he sold OxyContin, not fentanyl.Prosecutors maintain substantial evidence still supports the charges. Judge Richard Mrazik denied Richins' third bail request in November, finding the recantation creates holes but not enough to undermine the case.Kouri Richins has pleaded not guilty to aggravated murder and maintains her innocence. She's been held in Summit County Jail since May 2023. Jury selection begins February 10th.#TrueCrimeToday #KouriRichins #EricRichins #UtahMurderTrial #WitnessIntimidation #FentanylPoisoning #RobertCrozier #CarmenLauber #JudgeMrazik #TrueCrimeNewsJoin Our SubStack For AD-FREE ADVANCE EPISODES & EXTRAS!: https://hiddenkillers.substack.com/Want to comment and watch this podcast as a video? Check out our YouTube Channel. https://www.youtube.com/@hiddenkillerspodInstagram https://www.instagram.com/hiddenkillerspod/Facebook https://www.facebook.com/hiddenkillerspod/Tik-Tok https://www.tiktok.com/@hiddenkillerspodX Twitter https://x.com/tonybpodListen Ad-Free On Apple Podcasts Here: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/true-crime-today-premium-plus-ad-free-advance-episode/id1705422872This publication contains commentary and opinion based on publicly available information. All individuals are presumed innocent until proven guilty in a court of law. Nothing published here should be taken as a statement of fact, health or legal advice.

Collin, Whitney, and Doug have ACTUALLY reached the absolute end! We bring it home with the epilogue of Stranger Things 5 – ‘The Rightside Up'. Come along as we chat about accepting what happened – including Hopper's recycled (?) ring, Jonathan's failed attempt at geography, and that sweet Lumax moment. Plus, we announce our dead pool winner! And, of course, Music, one last Where in the World Is…?, and Superlatives. Do your best Debra Winger rasp and join us! Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See https://pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

https://m.ebay.co.uk/sch/i.html?sid=tindogpodcast&_pgn=1&isRefine=true&_trksid=p4429486.m3561.l49496 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Stranger Things Season 4 Promotional poster Showrunner Matt Duffer Ross Duffer Starring Winona Ryder David Harbour Millie Bobby Brown Finn Wolfhard Gaten Matarazzo Caleb McLaughlin Noah Schnapp Sadie Sink Natalia Dyer Charlie Heaton Joe Keery Maya Hawke Brett Gelman Priah Ferguson Matthew Modine Paul Reiser No. of episodes 9 Release Original network Netflix Original release May 27 – July 1, 2022 Season chronology ← Previous Season 3 Next → Season 5 List of episodes The fourth season of the American science fiction horror drama television series Stranger Things, marketed as Stranger Things 4, was released worldwide on the streaming service Netflix in two volumes. The first set of seven episodes was released on May 27, 2022, and the second set of two episodes was released on July 1. The season was produced by the show's creators, the Duffer Brothers, along with Shawn Levy, Dan Cohen, Iain Paterson, and Curtis Gwinn. The season stars Winona Ryder, David Harbour, Millie Bobby Brown, Finn Wolfhard, Gaten Matarazzo, Caleb McLaughlin, Noah Schnapp, Sadie Sink, Natalia Dyer, Charlie Heaton, Joe Keery, Maya Hawke, Brett Gelman, Priah Ferguson, Matthew Modine and Paul Reiser. Jamie Campbell Bower, Cara Buono, Joseph Quinn, Eduardo Franco, Mason Dye, Sherman Augustus, Tom Wlaschiha, and Nikola Đuričko appear in recurring roles. The season received highly positive reviews from critics, who praised the performances, visuals, action sequences, realistic themes, soundtrack, emotional weight, and the darker, more mature tone, though some criticized the lengthier episode runtimes. The first volume of the season received 13 nominations for the 74th Primetime Emmy Awards, including Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series, winning five; the second volume received five nominations for the 75th Primetime Emmy Awards.[1][2] Premise Set in March 1986, eight months after the events of the third season, the fourth season is split between three different plotlines. The first plotline takes place in Hawkins, Indiana, where a series of mysterious teenage murders begin haunting the town. Eddie Munson, leader of the Hellfire Club, Hawkins High School's Dungeons & Dragons group, becomes a prime suspect in the murders after senior cheerleading captain Chrissy Cunningham dies in his trailer, so Dustin Henderson, Lucas and Erica Sinclair, Max Mayfield, Steve Harrington, Nancy Wheeler, and Robin Buckley begin investigating to clear Eddie's name. While other classmates, lead by Jason Carver, hunt Eddie. The group discovers that the true perpetrator is a powerful being who resides in the Upside Down, whom they dub "Vecna" after a Dungeons & Dragons character. The second plotline involves Mike Wheeler visiting Eleven, Will Byers, and Jonathan Byers at their new home in Lenora Hills, California. Due to the events in Hawkins and the imminent danger to her friends, Eleven, after being arrested for assaulting her bully, goes with Dr. Sam Owens to a secret facility in the Nevada desert to regain her powers, an operation titled the Nina Project, where she is reunited with Dr. Martin Brenner and forced to confront her past in Hawkins National Laboratory with the aid of an isolation tank. While the U.S. Military, lead by Lt. Colonel Jack Sullivan, is simultaneously searching for Eleven, Mike, Will, Jonathan, and their new friend Argyle attempt to reach Eleven before she regains her powers. The third plotline follows Joyce Byers and Murray Bauman as they venture to Russia upon learning that Jim Hopper may still be alive. Meanwhile, Hopper is held in a Soviet prison camp in Kamchatka, where he and the other inmates, including Dmitri Antonov, are forced to battle a Demogorgon that the Russians have captured.

Presenting Sponsor Thirdzy!  https://thirdzy.com/JAZZYPromotion Code for 15% off: JAZZYEveryday we take a break from the busy work day to catch our breath, hang out with friends and talk about the world of Sports, Entertainment and specifically CrossFit. Today we talk about Jayson Hopper on Cam Haynes' Podcast.  How deep is too deep, 100?  We all have biases and that is what makes it so interested.  Finally, we give away an open Registration.

Mal and Jo take a trip to Hawkins one last time to dive deep into the ‘Stranger Things' finale! (00:00) Intro (04:13) Opening Snapshot (28:57) Operation Beanstalk, Part 1: Lab Edition (46:21) Operation Beanstalk, Part 2: Sending Joyce Up That Tower (01:00:51) Operation Beanstalk, Part 3: Time Travel-ish… (01:14:32) A Reminder of Kali's Powers (01:21:20) Hopper Freaks Out (01:34:14) The Teens (and Joyce) Reach the Abyss (01:40:26) You Know Who Is Running? The Kids. (01:50:28) Meanwhile, Sigh, the Military (02:04:07) Vecna and Henry and One and Will and THE MIND FLAYER (02:19:41) The Party vs. the Mind Flayer (02:35:50) Cue the Prince (02:48:27) 18 Months Later (03:05:40) Dustin Henderson Graduates (03:16:41) Hawkins Forever (03:23:07) Hopper and Joyce Go To Enzo's (03:25:13) I Want to Believe Hosts: Joanna Robinson and Mallory Rubin Producer: Carlos Chiriboga Social: Jomi Adeniran Additional Production Support: Arjuna Ramgopowell Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

A man was rushed to the hospital after feeling unwell during a family camping trip. The medics' battle to save his life was all the more desperate because he was one of their colleagues…*** LISTENER CAUTION IS ADVISED *** This episode was researched and written by Eileen Macfarlane.Edited by Joel Porter at Dot Dot Dot Productions.Script editing, additional writing, illustrations and production direction by Rosanna Fitton. Narration, additional audio editing and mixing, and script editing by Benjamin Fitton.To get early ad-free access, including Season 1, sign up for They Walk Among PLUS, available from Patreon or Apple Podcasts.More information and episode references can be found on our website https://theywalkamonguspodcast.comSOCIAL MEDIA: https://linktr.ee/TheyWalkAmongUsSupport this show http://supporter.acast.com/theywalkamongus. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.