Podcasts about creek nation

When Lee got the results back from his DNA test, he was stunned to discover that he had pages and pages of white cousins. All his life he'd been under the impression that 95% of his DNA traced to West Africa. This discovery opened up a new historical pathway, one that traces all the way back to 17th century Wales. In this episode, Lee takes us on the journey to discover his white ancestry. Later, Lee sits down with two newly-found white cousins to understand how differently history shaped the Black and White sides of one family. TranscriptLee Hawkins (host): We wanted to give a heads up that this episode includes talk of abuse and acts of violence. You can find resources on our website whathappenedinalabama.org. Listener discretion is advised.My name is Lee Hawkins, and this is What Happened In Alabama.[intro music starts]Back in 2015, I took a DNA test and found out some pretty shocking information. I always thought that I was 95% West African but it turned out that nearly 20% of my DNA was European. This revelation raised so many questions for me and led to years of research that would change my understanding of my own upbringing forever. Today I'll share that with you. We're going to go all the way back to 17th century Wales to uncover the path my ancestors took from Europe to the American South and how that, through slavery, led to me.I'll talk with experts and newly discovered white cousins to explore the history that connects the two sides. I want to find out how my family's experiences on the opposite ends of slavery and Jim Crow shaped our beliefs and our understanding of American history. But you'll get a whole lot more out of it if you go back and listen to the prologue first – that'll give you some context for putting the whole series in perspective. Do that, and then join us back here. Thanks so much. In many ways, the seeds for this project were planted in 1991, during the first trip I remember taking to Alabama.[cassette tape turning over, music starts] Tiffany: He would play an album on repeat. That's my sister, Tiffany. I call her Tiff. It's 1991, she's sitting in the backseat of our family's car, driving from Minnesota to Alabama. Tiffany: Dad used to like still stay up to date on, you know, pop culture, current music. There were certain songs that he would be like, “Oh, I like that,” you know, like Tony! Toni! Toné! It Feels Good. And things like that.My dad hated flying. He'd seen too much in his life, and he related flying to so many of the musicians he loved: Otis Redding, Stevie Ray Vaughn, Buddy Holly. They were all his contemporaries, and they all died in air crashes. So instead, we drove.I was 19 years old, and I was attending college at the University of Wisconsin Madison. At that time, I had just really gotten into the school newspaper. I was thinking about becoming a journalist or maybe a lawyer, but at that point, writing was more intriguing to me. I was excited about this family trip to Alabama, and I had no idea what was coming.Tiffany: Yeah, so Alabama, it's been kinda a, a mystery for me throughout my life because I wasn't able to ask questions that anyone would ask when you're wanting to know things about your parent.One of the big reasons my dad wanted to go to Alabama was to interview my great-Uncle Ike. He was the eldest patriarch of the family in Alabama, and he owned a farm near Greenville, dad's boyhood town. But most importantly, because he was in his 90s, he knew a lot about family history. And Dad had a lot of questions. I remember getting to Uncle Ike's and sitting in the living room, and across from me sat a caramel-skinned, white-haired man. For me, his reflection was like looking into a mirror and adding 70 years.Uncle Ike was in his early 90s, but those high cheekbones and blemish-free skin made it harder for me to believe that he was a day past 75. It was also hard to believe we were actually in Alabama, with Dad finally standing before his legendary, long-lost uncle, with a tape recorder in his hand. It was a trip we'd been talking about for months. Dad wanted to learn as much as possible about the Alabama family he left behind. Lee Sr.: Well, it's definitely, it's been a blessing to get to see you. As interested as I was in journalism, I was far from having the experience and interview skills to feel confident taking the lead. Plus, I knew that Dad needed this, so I deferred to him. The fact that he grew up there meant his questions would be far better than anything I could just randomly think of. But hearing his questions and how basic they were showed me just how far he'd strayed from his Alabama roots. Lee Sr.: Let me see, um, you were telling me about my father Lum. Now, how many brothers and sisters did he have? Most of the conversation was going over family tree details. Simple things like, how many siblings did my father have? And what were their names? We sat in that living room and asked Uncle Ike questions for just over an hour.Uncle Ike: I understand that all of them were named [unclear].Lee Sr.: Oh, we had a aunt, uh –Uncle Ike: Colby…When Uncle Ike answered, I struggled to catch every word of his southern accent. It was so thick, I thought it might even be a regional dialect, one that was unique to what my dad always humorously called, “LA,” Lower Alabama. I marveled at how quickly Uncle Ike started reciting family members. Even at his age, his recall, it was as swift as a rooster's crow at dawn! Lee Sr.: Oh yeah, Aunt Jem. I remember her…As we talked, my eyes began to drift to the fireplace, which was decorated with family photos. There, I saw a framed, weathered photo of a white man looking like he'd been plucked from a vintage Field and Stream ad. He appeared part outlaw, part GQ model. He was in hunting attire. There were hounds at his heels, and it looked like he was gripping a musket. Why, I thought, would Uncle Ike have a picture of some random white man hanging over his fireplace? Lee Sr.: Now this, what's this guy's name? Is this George Pugh up here on this picture? Uncle Ike: No, that's Isaac Pugh. Lee Sr.: That's your father? Uncle Ike: Yeah. They called him Ike, but his real name was Isaac. That made him my great-grandfather, Isaac Pugh Senior. I looked closer at the photo, into his eyes. His gaze was a determined one, as if he was daring me to look into the records and find out more. Who was this white man?[music starts]That day was more than 30 years ago. Since then, I've learned so much more about our family history. Seeing that picture of Isaac Pugh Senior on the mantel opened up an entirely new branch of my family tree – a white branch – that I had no idea existed. Digging through the records and existing research, I was able to trace that line all the way back to 17th century Wales.I recognized that I couldn't fully understand my family's experiences in America without uncovering the history of our white blood relatives on the other side of enslavement and Jim Crow. I had so many questions. Why did they come to America? What did they do when they got here? And most importantly, how were they connected to me? [sounds of a boat on water, sea gulls]In 1695, a man named Lewis Pugh boarded a boat near his hometown in Northwest Wales to sail for what was then called, “The New World.” The journey was long and grueling. Many people didn't survive. But the ones that did held on by a combination of luck and faith. Faith that the land that they were headed towards would help them prosper. He landed in Virginia, likely as an indentured servant. Several years later, he met and married a woman named Anne. The couple purchased land in Richmond County. They built a home, had seven kids, and many more grandchildren. Two of their great-grandchildren, the brothers Jesse and Lewis Pugh, decided to move south to Alabama at the start of the 19th century. The first thing they had to do was to get land. And to achieve that, they had to overcome one major obstacle. Chris: Well, it's important to remember that whites wanted Indian land from the moment they first stepped into the Americas. And so Indians have been removed since 1492, of course. This is Chris Haveman.Chris: Let me just talk briefly about terminology and the use of the word “Indian.” I've interviewed dozens and dozens of Native people throughout my career, and prior to talking to them, I always asked how they would prefer to be identified, and almost universally they say “Indian” or “American Indian.” Now, these folks tended to be a bit older, and as the younger generations come of age, the term seems to be falling out of favor, and when it does, historians including myself will adapt and adjust accordingly.He's an author of two books on the removal of Indigenous peoples from Alabama and Georgia to present-day Oklahoma, and a professor at the University of West Alabama.I've come to Professor Haveman to help me get a lay of the land in 19th century Alabama, when Jesse and Lewis Pugh arrived in the state around 1810.When the brothers got to Alabama, they were in Muscogee territory. The Muscogee were a loose union of multiple Indigenous groups, and they had millions of acres. Tribal leaders also use the name “Muscogee Nation.”Chris: Really, the story begins after the War of 1812, when whites decided that they really wanted that, that nice, nutrient rich soil in central Alabama. Over the years, throughout the 17 and early 1800s, this land was whittled away through treaties.The federal government started sending commissioners down to remove the Muscogee – and to do this, they had to coerce them into signing treaties first. This was done all over the American South and the rest of the country – and by the time the removal really got going, the Muscogee nation had already lost a large part of their land. But they were resisting. Chris: Commissioners were sent out, and Indians did not want to give up their land. And so a lot of times they resorted to threats, they resorted to some other shady tactics. And you had whites streaming into the Creek Land and they would, you know, just establish their farmstead illegally in the Creek Nation. Sometimes it would just overrun a Creek homestead and kick the family out and commandeer their crops for their, as their own. A lot of times they would get Creeks hooked on alcohol and uh, sell them merchandise on credit, get them indebted to them, and then they'd force them to give up their property as collateral. And things get really, really bad. Lee: What was the philosophy that was used to justify that? Chris: Conquest. The whites wanted it, and they were gonna take it regardless. There was no real justification, moral justification for it other than whites had the racist premise that they were civilized and the Indians were “savages” and that the whites could make better use of the land than Indians.Jesse and Lewis Pugh became landowners, both running plantations. They founded a church in Troy, Alabama, called Beulah Primitive Baptist Church. It still stands today. In my research, I found an article honoring the church. The paper hailed the brothers as “those daring ones, who braving the perils of the wilderness, came here and reclaimed this fair land from the planted savage.” The “planted savage,” I now know, refers to the Indigenous people who lived on the lands across the American South and beyond.Professor Haveman told me that on top of forced removal, there was a great deal of Muscogee land ceded by the tribe, but the conditions of these transactions make it hard to say how voluntary these handovers actually were. Chris: In 1832, the federal government gives a proposition to the Creek Indians, and they say, ‘Look, if you cede the rest of your land to us, we will allow each head of family to take 320-acre plots of land.' And this is where everything really goes downhill for the Creek Indians, because they gave up their sovereignty, uh, in exchange for a title or a deed. But what it does is basically, and I think you have to ask, it was so one-sided in favor of the federal government. You have to ask yourself, ‘Why would the Creek Indians agree to this?' And I think that they agreed to this because whites had illegally trespassed on their land so much between 1827 and 1832 that they realized that you know, whites usually liked a deed or a, you know, a title to their land, a piece of paper, something you could say, “This is my land.” And I think the Creeks tried to adopt that in order to stave off this encroachment that whites were giving on their land.So they, they had this deed and this title, and they thought that that would prevent whites from streaming onto their land, but it didn't. It actually, it just opened up massive amounts of fraud for them. And so you had 5 million acres of land in the Creek Nation in 1832. When this was ceded, all 5 million acres of land went to the federal government, and then parcels of 320 acres were then given to each Creek family. If you add up the over 6,000 families times 320 acres, it only comes out to like 2.1 million acres. And so almost 3 million acres of land will now be opened up for white settlement. And so the thing that they were trying to prevent – whites from encroaching on their land – is now gonna become legal.[music]On a January evening in 1837, Lewis Pugh was in his plantation fields in Alabama with his overseer. By this point, he owned land and enslaved people. That night, a man quietly snuck onto the roof of a house that overlooked the Pugh family cemetery on the plantation. The man fired a rifle from the top of the house, killing the overseer. Immediately afterwards, a swarm of 60 Muscogee swooped down on the plantation field. They killed Lewis, one of his sons, and an enslaved baby, who was in his mother's arms. Four enslaved men tried to defend themselves, the women, and the plantation. The Muscogee killed them too. The story captured the country. Lee: It was in every major newspaper across the country, uh, that Lewis Pugh, a prominent white settler, had been killed, um, and murdered by the Creek Indians. Why do you think it was so important that it be framed in that way? Chris: It made national news because the thing whites feared the most was an Indian uprising. And it's one of the reasons that whites who, um, had no means to become large-scale cotton planters still wanted the Indians gone because they were constantly terrified that Indians would rise up and attack them. Uh, and they had, you know, somewhat of a legitimate reason to be scared because whites treated the Indians so terribly and stole their land and, you know, created all these problems for them.It's clear that the Muscogee didn't just fold and concede their land. They retaliated, determined to defend it. And I can't help but think about it from the perspective of those enslaved people who died, fighting alongside their enslaver, to protect his life and his land – that's how closely their lives were intertwined. I'm still very curious about them, because they, too, might've been my relatives. Not long after I took that DNA test and first found out about the Pughs, I found a last will and testament belonging to Jesse Pugh, the brother of Lewis Pugh, the man who was murdered by the Muscogee in Alabama. In the will, it stated that Jesse enslaved a young girl named Charity, who was kept in bondage by the family into her adult years. Not long before Emancipation, she gave birth to a biracial son who she named Isaac Pugh. That was the white-looking man whose photo I saw on the mantel at great-Uncle Ike's house. Isaac Pugh, my great-grandfather. Doing my DNA test couldn't have been any simpler. I went online and ordered the $100 test, and the next day, I got a small box in the mail. Inside, I found a vial, and returned my saliva sample the following day. In just a few weeks, I got an email with my DNA results. It shows you who your cousins are, from first, all the way to distant. I had pages and pages of cousins, including many who were very, very white. I'm talking blond with blue eyes. There were a lot of Pughs in there. I was stunned by the sheer volume. One genealogist told me he had never seen anybody with so many pages of cousins who had also taken DNA tests. At that point, I had more than 216 fourth cousins or closer. One of the descendants was a man in his late 80s named Lloyd Pugh. We both descend from Ann and Lewis Pugh, but our relation wasn't close enough to show up on my DNA chart.Lloyd lives in Petersburg, Virginia, and last year I went to his house to meet him with my producer, Kyana. You'll sometimes hear her in the background throughout the interview.Lee: It's a nice, quaint neighborhood with a lot of brick homes in a colonial-style design typical of Virginia, I think. I met Lloyd through a man named Jim Pugh, another newly discovered cousin, but coincidentally, I've known Jim for 30 years through my early work as a journalist, back in Wisconsin. He was a PR guy for the state chamber of commerce. Every month, I called him for a comment on the employment rates. I wouldn't say we were friends back then, but we definitely liked each other. And then, through an odd twist of fate, I found out that we were related. Jim: When you reached out to me and say, “I think we're cousins,” I was like, “What?!” Let's do a call.I'd always noted that he had the same last name as my Grandma Opie, but it was only through an exchange on Facebook after I'd taken the DNA test, that Jim and I compared notes and figured out that we were both tied to the Pughs of Wales. Once Jim and I reconnected, he told me he had an elder cousin who was a family historian of sorts. That person was Lloyd Pugh.Lee: Oh, he has, okay, an American flag on his house and one on his car. [laughs] And here we are. [seat belts unbuckling] Let's go get started. Lloyd has worked on this long before genealogy exploded in the mainstream. His research is in the archives of the Library of Virginia. He has binders full of information he's gathered over the years on the Pughs. Lloyd: That book right there is one that's on the early, early Pughs. Lloyd is 88 years old. He's a tall, lean, active guy, full of warmth and southern charm. He was born and raised in Petersburg, a city known for being the site of a nine-month siege back beginning in 1864 that ended up costing the Confederacy the Civil War. Lloyd is absolutely fascinated with the Civil War, especially the Confederate side. He has tons of relics in his home, everything from swords and rifles to cannons, decommissioned bomb heads, and bullets. He also has a huge painting of General Robert E. Lee, hanging right above his couch. Lee: Why do you have a picture of General Lee in your front room? Lloyd: Because it's a part of my heritage. It has nothing to do with being anti-Black or slavery. It's just part of my heritage in that I had three grandfathers that served under Lee. [music starts]Lloyd and I couldn't be more polar opposite in our views about the Confederacy. But I didn't go to Virginia to condemn or to convert him. I went to his house to talk to him about history, our shared history. And he was interested in talking about it too. So he and his daughters invited Jim and I over, and we had a conversation that helped me understand how the white Pughs would come to shape the Black side of my family for generations. [music]Lee: Well, thank you everybody. Um, the man of the hour is Lloyd. Because Lloyd has done a tremendous amount of work around the Pugh family history. And really, I want to thank you, Lloyd, for opening up your home and showing us this museum of incredible Civil War history that you have, and also helping me gain a better understanding of my own history.Um, it's, uh, it's bittersweet to understand how we're connected, but it's also, the power of it is that I wouldn't know this history if we hadn't worked together to understand it and to identify it, and part of my goal in doing this work is to inspire other people across racial lines to do this work. Um, and it is hard, but we both love it, right? Lloyd: Right. Lee: Okay, so, uh, you've done a tremendous amount of work on the Civil War, and we'll get into that, but you've also done a lot around the Pugh family, and I think it's important to talk first about how the Pugh family got to America.Lloyd: There were actually three migrations. One migration of Pughs went to Norfolk, and from Norfolk, they went down through North Carolina, South Carolina, on into Alabama, and in that direction. Lee: That's my line. Lloyd: That's his line. Our line of Pughs landed at, uh, Richmond County, which is the upper neck over on the, uh, near the, on the east, west side of the Chesapeake Bay, and they migrated on down through, uh, came this way, Chesterfield, on to Amelia County, and eventually they end up on the, uh, east side of the Appalachian Mountains.And the third group came in, in New York, and they migrated down the west side of the Appalachian Mountains into Tennessee and Kentucky on down in that direction. So there are three distinct lines of Pughs, and I was happened to be the one that migrated down through the Chesapeake Bay into Richmond County.Lee: What did the Pughs do here initially? Lloyd: Farmers. Tobacco was king in Virginia. They raised other crops. They had to raise, uh, food crops, but the money crop was tobacco. Tobacco was critical to the expansion of the slavery economy in America, so it doesn't surprise me that the White Pughs were involved in the tobacco trade. But through talking to Lloyd, I learned more about their interactions with Black people, specifically through a man named John Boyd Pugh. He's Lloyd's great-grandfather, and he fought on the Confederate side of the war. In fact, he was so committed to the Confederacy and the slavery it represented, he refused for months – after being captured and imprisoned near the end of the war – to take the oath of allegiance to the United States. It blew me away to learn how deeply committed people I share heritage with were to white supremacy – John Boyd Pugh and others believed devoutly in it. They practiced it, and were willing to die for it. And after the war, he became an overseer for a prominent family named the Baylors.Lloyd: And the Baylor family, signers of the Declaration of Independence, founders of Baylor University, some kind of way found out about my grandfather, John Boyd Pugh, and they offered him the oversee of New Market Plantation, which is in Milford, Virginia.His salary was one fourth of all the crops, plus $50 a month salary. And so he took the job, and he moved from Albemarle County with his family up to Milford to New Market Plantation. And he was the overseer of that plantation, right there at Bowling Green, Virginia. When I heard that, my mind went back to all the books I've read in my research, including The Half Has Never Been Told, by Edward Baptist, which clearly outlined the role of overseers as the drivers of productivity on plantations, many using whipping and other torture techniques to get the most out of enslaved Black people. Baptist explained that on many plantations, overseers held the enslaved to strict quotas. They'd weigh the crops and assess the work at the end of the day, and if the quota wasn't met, the person would be whipped in front of all the other enslaved people, to make an example out of them.Hearing that I not only share heritage with enslavers, but also overseers, I was absolutely stunned. I began to see how far back the whip could be traced in my family.Lloyd stipulated that because John Boyd Pugh did his overseer work after Emancipation, he believes he probably wasn't involved in whipping. Lloyd: When John Boyd went to Newmarket, this was after the Civil War. So they had to have hired labor. And I think, I doubt that there were the whippings and the lashing and so forth when you have hired workers because they could say, “I'm leaving,” and just walk off the farm, so, yeah. To be fair, it's possible that Lloyd is right – maybe John Boyd Pugh was one of the few exceptions; an overseer who never resorted to violence. But I doubt it, and here's why: in my research, I found the archive to be packed with proof that whipping continued to be a foundational aspect of overseer duties for decades after Emancipation into Jim Crow.Lee: This is the hard part, you know, for me, because, you know, I think when I first talked with you, Jim, you were telling me that your great – great-great- grandfather was an overseer. And I didn't know – or you didn't know – what an overseer was, and when I looked at, you know, a lot of these movies that you see, the overseers are the guys that drove the production of the, of the plantation. Um, and that, for me, is just, that's inextricably tied with the capitalistic, sort of, reality of building America and how so much of the productivity was driven at the plantation level. How did you feel when I explained, especially the part that whipping was a big part of overseer work? How did you feel about that?Jim: Well, you know, you don't really know what you don't know until you find out. And that's when you learn about it, you know, 'cause you don't, you think of, um, overseeing, uh, like a agricultural operation today, you wouldn't have that 'cause you have machines, you know? So, um, but yeah, that was pretty, pretty shocking to find out about that, but it's also the reality of what, the way the world was at that time, you know. [music starts]My mind went back to that interview with my Uncle Ike in 1991, when he told us about Grandma Charity. He told us that when he was a kid working on his father, Isaac Pugh Senior's farm, she would beat the kids if she felt they weren't being productive enough. This, from a woman who was enslaved by Jesse Pugh, a cousin of John Boyd Pugh. It's almost as if, once she became emancipated and the family got its own farm, she became the overseer, and her grandchildren, the free labor. Lee: I've been always fascinated by the way, when we built our country, just how deeply rooted it was, not just in slavery, but also in the establishment of the land, how people got their land, you know, um, particularly from, from the Indigenous people.And I think that the problem, just in my opinion, is that everything is so controversial that people have decided they don't even want to even begin to study this work. And there, of course, are many, many academics who write powerfully beautiful detailed accounts of all of this history. Um, Doug Blackmon, Slavery by Another Name, um, Edward Baptist, The Half Has Never Been Told.And in a lot of this stuff, they give really detailed accounts of the economy of slavery and also the Civil War, and the way all of the different range of realities that were at stake as our country was starting to form itself into what we now know today. Um, when you study the Civil War and the Confederate side of it, what, how do you relate to that history in terms of your un– do you know anything about John Boyd Pugh or was the, the oral history lost?Lloyd: I knew absolutely nothing. No one in the family shared anything, ever shared anything with me. And what was learned, learned through my research. Clearly, family secrets are preserved on the white sides of the family, too. Dark secrets like the violent role of overseers, the fact that land was stolen, and the identity of white men who fathered Black children, were not often openly discussed. And those lies of omission make it harder for future generations of whites to acknowledge the causes of generational disparities and trauma – through ignorance or cognitive dissonance. But this work – especially the DNA testing – exposes the lies, and people doing it have to prepare themselves for unsettling discoveries. This work isn't about agreeing on everything. It's about opening up the family bibles and records to access information that neither side would have without the other. So it requires a rare form of tolerance, and a spirit of unity as opposed to division on the issue of genealogy. The truth is that I feel like I was blessed. I was fortunate to stumble on a white guy who I'd known for 30 years, and we discovered we were cousins. We already had trust between us, and he opened up the door for me to meet Lloyd. And the timing was perfect. Lee: I think for me, and especially the fact that, that you're basically a Republican dude [laughs] who, uh, you know, really like, and deeply rooted in the Republican party, um, and, and that you're a Republican dude who took me through to make this introduction so I could meet Lloyd so that we could study this together, to me, defies all of the conventional wisdom, which is that we're all divided and we're all, um, to be, you know, enemies on the other side of the issue.Jim: Well, Lee messaged me. I had posted about the, the trip where we did, we followed Lee's retreat back to Battle of White Oak Road. I think that was our last stop, and then we came home. And Lee, he said, ‘I, I see your, I think we're related.' And I said, I messaged him back and, and I'm thinking, ‘I don't want to put a bunch of this stuff in writing,' right? 'Cause I'm being like, it's not, this is sensitive stuff. I mean, we're dealing with race, and this is a war –Lee: You knew the political, the political – Jim: Yeah, I'm working in operatives, and he was working for the Wall Street Journal! And I'm thinking, ‘This is gonna be, this is not, this is gonna end bad,' right? So I, I said, “Lee…” He's like, “I think we're related.” He goes, ‘I've been doing family research. There's Willoughby and Spotsworth –.' And I said, ‘Oh, whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa. That sounds about right.' He said, ‘Can we do a call?' 'Cause I'm thinking, I want to, I want to turn off the typewriter. There's nothing good that's gonna come [Lee laughs] from this if it's typed forever and ever.And we did a call, and he's like, ‘Yeah.' And I said, ‘Well, how do you know?' He said, ‘I did 23andMe. And my DNA goes back to Wales,' and I said, ‘Well, you know, welcome to the family.' [laughter]Lee: And then I said, ‘I want my reparation.' Jim: Yeah.[laughter]And as the conversation continued, we drilled down deeper into the undeniable proof of our ancestors being enslavers, and Lloyd plainly stated the facts: Lloyd: Okay, let me, let me confirm that. I'm looking at the will of John Pugh in December 1827. His will, one negro hired by the name of Harry, worth $300. One woman, Judy, worth $200. One young man named Abram, $400. This is actually in the will, so that goes directly in our line, so there's, I mean, that's the proof of our line owning slaves.Lee: Do you feel guilty about it? Lloyd: No. Lee: Tell me what you think about it.Lloyd: It was a, it was a time. It's just like the Confederate statues in Richmond. It was history in a time, and you can't destroy it. Even though they've taken them down, they're still there in the minds of people, and they are people who are gonna keep them alive.Jim: But we're not white supremacists. Lloyd: No. Jim: We're not white supremacists, and that's the thing people need to understand. It's so easy to just shortcut from, ‘You're a conservative Republican or you're a libertarian or whatever' to, ‘You're a white supremacist,' and that's just not the case. I don't hold white people of today responsible for slavery and the actions of their ancestors. We're not responsible for the sins of our forefathers. But we should take responsibility for the present and the future by being transparent and honest about history. I know I joked with Jim about reparations, but that discussion isn't just between the white and Black families tied to slavery; it's between Black American descendants of slavery and the U.S. government, which includes states that enforced racist laws. Contrary to what many assume or imply, reparations wouldn't be about individual white citizens personally compensating Black people; it would be government obligation, funded by taxpayers like any other public expense – infrastructure, education, or foreign aid. Taxpayers don't get to opt out of funding highways they don't use, just as those from families who didn't own slaves can't opt out either. Slavery fueled America's economic rise – on the backs of Black people, largely on stolen land – a legacy from which today's Americans still benefit, no matter when they came here. [music starts]All in all, I spent two days with Lloyd, his daughters, and Jim. We had dinner and we talked a lot. He told me more about his life, like how he spent most of his career as an educator and superintendent, even helping oversee the desegregation of schools. I realized our families share many common values despite all our differences.Lee: When you hold all these documents and all the binders you've made, thinking of all the Pugh history, what do you feel?Lloyd: First of all, I feel thankful that I'm the result of all of that, that I'm able to carry on the family line. I just look at the Pugh family across the years as just good, sound, solid business people who did what they were supposed to do, and stayed out of jail, and paid their taxes, and didn't beat their families, and just good old southern Christian families is the way I look at it. The information I received from Lloyd deepened my understanding of why so many slavery-era customs appeared in my childhood. It helped me with my quest to begin to trace the whip back to the very plantation where it started. For me, that's part of where the healing comes from – not from any kind of validation I'd seek from Lloyd and Jim, but from the information that's allowed me to draw my own conclusions and undertake my own healing work. The Pugh family history is intertwined with America's story, from the Revolutionary War through the Civil War and into the Jim Crow era. Lloyd and I come from the same family, but our experiences reflect opposite sides of the American history it's rooted in. Meeting Lloyd helped me piece together our family history. It also triggered a need in me to uncover the story of how the white Pughs in America treated the most disenfranchised and exploited person in this saga, my great-great-grandmother, Charity, the matriarch of my family.That's on the next What Happened In Alabama.[outro music]CREDITSWhat Happened In Alabama is a production of American Public Media. It's written, produced and hosted by me, Lee Hawkins.Our executive producer is Erica Kraus. Our senior producer is Kyana Moghadam.Our story editor is Martina Abrahams Ilunga. Our lead writer is Jessica Kariisa.Our producers are Marcel Malekebu and Jessica Kariisa. This episode was sound designed and mixed by Marcel Malekebu. Our technical director is Derek Ramirez. Our soundtrack was composed by Ronen Lando. Our fact checker is Erika Janik.And Nick Ryan is our director of operations.Special thanks to the O'Brien Fellowship for Public Service Journalism at Marquette University; Dave Umhoefer, John Leuzzi, Andrew Amouzou and Ziyang Fu. And also thanks to our producer in Alabama, Cody Short. The executives in charge at APM are Joanne Griffith and Chandra Kavati.You can follow us on our website, whathappenedinalabama.org or on Instagram at APM Studios.Thank you for listening.

Gerontologist and author Dr. Eilon Caspi discusses his new children's book, "What I've Learned About Grandma's Memory." Plus, Ben Trickey takes the stage in our series, "Speaking of Music," and Tracie Revis of the Muskogee Creek Nation details some of Georgia's Indigenous landmarks. See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Today is a collaboration between A Place Called Poarch and Poarch Stories. Today, we're starting a series of conversations about land and its importance to Native Americans. Over the next few episodes, we'll discuss different perspectives on how the land is used today. [1:16] - Megan explains the Poarch Community's land.[2:10] - Land is part of Native American people.[4:10] - To Brandy, the land is like genealogy to Native American people.[6:30] - The Creek Nation occupied all of Georgia, most of Alabama, and parts of Tennessee and Florida.[8:24] - Stick ball helped settle land disputes between neighboring tribes.[12:50] - The federal government put land in trust to federally recognized tribes. [14:35] - Lynn McGee was the oldest patriarch of the Poarch community.[22:11] - Land grants came about after the Creek War.[25:13] - Poarch Creek has a checkerboard reservation.[27:00] - The Fire Department has a larger jurisdiction than the Police Department.[30:25] - There have been a lot of lawsuits with timber companies.[32:39] - The idea of ownership didn't exist until Europeans came here.[34:25] - A communal mindset is what sets Native Americans apart.[40:09] - Billy explains the different sections of land.[48:06] - We have a lot more culture ingrained in us than we realize.Books:Unworthy Republic: The Dispossession of Native Americans and the Road to Indian Territory by Claudio Saunt

In a poem of strict rhymes and old forms, Alexander Posey (1873-1908), a poet of the Creek Nation, poses challenges to pomposity.Alexander Posey was a poet, editor, and satirist born in 1873 in the Creek Nation. Posey was the publisher of the first Indian-published daily newspaper, the Eufaula Indian Journal.Find the transcript for this show at onbeing.org.We're pleased to offer Alexander Posey's poem, and invite you to connect with Poetry Unbound throughout this season.

3.13.2023 #RolandMartinUnfiltered: Battle between VP Harris v Sen.Warren, Diversity Blamed For Bank Failure, FBI New Hate Crime Report A battle is brewing between the Democratic party. Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren publicly challenged if Vice President Kamala Harris should be President Joe Bidens 2024 running mate. We will show how Harris and the White House responded to Warren's comments. Republicans are going after wokeness this time, blaming the recent Silicon Valley Bank failure on the bank being too focused on diversity. We will show you how republicans are again flipping the blame to DEI and politics. We will follow up on a Black & Missing story of Arizona Geologist Daniel Robinson. Robinson has been missing for 628 days, and today we will speak with his father, Daniel Robinson II, about the continued search and how the public can help. The FBI released a 2021 supplemental Hate Crime report that shows hate crimes surged 11.6% in 2021. We will show you the differences in the report from October 2022 and what the Department of Justice is saying about these updated results. Tomorrow the Black Creeks, descendants of the Muscogee Creek Freedmen, will be back in court to reclaim their tribal citizenship rights in the Creek Nation. We will speak with Attorney Damario Solomon-Simmons, lead attorney, to explain what we expect to see in the hearing tomorrow. The 95th Academy Awards took place on Sunday. We will show Ruth E Carter's historic win and why people are now calling Angela Bassett a sore loser online. We will break it all down later in the show. March is Nutrition Awareness Month, and we will speak with Nutritionist and Founder of The DeTox Now, Gessie Thompson, about how to take care of our bodies with better nutrition. Download the Black Star Network app at http://www.blackstarnetwork.com! We're on iOS, AppleTV, Android, AndroidTV, Roku, FireTV, XBox and SamsungTV. The #BlackStarNetwork is a news reporting platform covered under Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In 2020, the Supreme Court surprised many observers by holding up the rights of the Muscogee (Creek) nation. In McGirt v Oklahoma, the Court held that the Creek Nation retained its sovereign rights over a very large part of Eastern Oklahoma. The decision began with a poetic line: “At the end of the Trail of … Continue reading Scholars' Circle – Book analysis – A Promise Kept: The Muscogee (Creek) Nation and McGirt vs. Oklahoma – January 8, 2023 →

"History recalls Wallace's inaugural address as a set piece in the larger drama of defending Southern segregation, which it was. But the speech was about something even more profound, more enduring, even more virulent than segregation. Aside from his infamous “Segregation Forever” slogan, Wallace mentioned “segregation” only one other time that afternoon. In contrast, he invoked “freedom” twenty-five times in his speech—more than Martin Luther King Jr. would use the term later that year in his “I Have a Dream” address at the March on Washington. “Let us rise to the call of freedom-loving blood that is in us,” Wallace told his audience, “and send our answer to the tyranny that clanks its chains upon the South.” Those rattling shackles of oppression were forged by the enemy of the people of his beloved Barbour County: the federal government." – Jefferson Cowie, Freedom's Dominion: A Saga of White Resistance to Federal Power (Basic Books, 2022). Professor Cowie titles his latest book's introduction ‘George Wallace and American Freedom', which frames part of the historical narrative within which he reexamines one of our most celebrated values within the purview of local history. But as The New York Times review of the book in December by author Jeff Shesol articulately summarized: ‘Freedom's Dominion is local history, but in the way that Gettysburg was a local battle or the Montgomery bus boycott was a local protest. The book recounts four peak periods in the conflict between white Alabamians and the federal government: the wild rush, in the early 19th century, to seize and settle lands that belonged to the Creek Nation; Reconstruction; the reassertion of white supremacy under Jim Crow; and the attempts of Wallace and others to nullify the civil rights reforms of the 1950s and 1960s. Throughout, as Cowie reveals, white Southerners portrayed the oppression of Black people and Native Americans not as a repudiation of freedom, but its precondition, its very foundation.' This book is an engrossing read and check this from Shesol's review about Wallace and his attraction: ‘Racism was central to his appeal, yet its common note was grievance; the common enemies were elites, the press and the federal government. “Being a Southerner is no longer geographic,” he declared in 1964, during the first of his four runs for the White House. “It's a philosophy and an attitude.” That attitude, we know, is pervasive now — a primal, animating principle of conservative politics. We hear it in conspiracy theories about the “deep state”; we see it in the actions of Republican officials like Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida, who built a case for his re-election in 2022 by banning — in the name of “individual freedom” — classroom discussions of gender, sexuality and systemic racism.' Some of Professor Cowie's other books mentioned in this interview: Capital Moves: RCA's Seventy Year Quest for Cheap Labor (1999) received the 2000 Phillip Taft Prize for the Best Book in Labor History in 2000 Stayin' Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class (2010) awarded the Francis Parkman Prize for the Best Book in American History in 2011 The Great Exception: The New Deal and the Limits of American Politics (2016) Professor Cowie's work in social and political history focuses on how class, inequality, and labor shape American politics and culture. Formerly at Cornell, he is currently the James G. Stahlman Professor of History at Vanderbilt University. Sydney Business School at Shanghai University - can be reached at keith.krueger1@uts.edu.au or keithNBn@gmail.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/african-american-studies

"History recalls Wallace's inaugural address as a set piece in the larger drama of defending Southern segregation, which it was. But the speech was about something even more profound, more enduring, even more virulent than segregation. Aside from his infamous “Segregation Forever” slogan, Wallace mentioned “segregation” only one other time that afternoon. In contrast, he invoked “freedom” twenty-five times in his speech—more than Martin Luther King Jr. would use the term later that year in his “I Have a Dream” address at the March on Washington. “Let us rise to the call of freedom-loving blood that is in us,” Wallace told his audience, “and send our answer to the tyranny that clanks its chains upon the South.” Those rattling shackles of oppression were forged by the enemy of the people of his beloved Barbour County: the federal government." – Jefferson Cowie, Freedom's Dominion: A Saga of White Resistance to Federal Power (Basic Books, 2022). Professor Cowie titles his latest book's introduction ‘George Wallace and American Freedom', which frames part of the historical narrative within which he reexamines one of our most celebrated values within the purview of local history. But as The New York Times review of the book in December by author Jeff Shesol articulately summarized: ‘Freedom's Dominion is local history, but in the way that Gettysburg was a local battle or the Montgomery bus boycott was a local protest. The book recounts four peak periods in the conflict between white Alabamians and the federal government: the wild rush, in the early 19th century, to seize and settle lands that belonged to the Creek Nation; Reconstruction; the reassertion of white supremacy under Jim Crow; and the attempts of Wallace and others to nullify the civil rights reforms of the 1950s and 1960s. Throughout, as Cowie reveals, white Southerners portrayed the oppression of Black people and Native Americans not as a repudiation of freedom, but its precondition, its very foundation.' This book is an engrossing read and check this from Shesol's review about Wallace and his attraction: ‘Racism was central to his appeal, yet its common note was grievance; the common enemies were elites, the press and the federal government. “Being a Southerner is no longer geographic,” he declared in 1964, during the first of his four runs for the White House. “It's a philosophy and an attitude.” That attitude, we know, is pervasive now — a primal, animating principle of conservative politics. We hear it in conspiracy theories about the “deep state”; we see it in the actions of Republican officials like Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida, who built a case for his re-election in 2022 by banning — in the name of “individual freedom” — classroom discussions of gender, sexuality and systemic racism.' Some of Professor Cowie's other books mentioned in this interview: Capital Moves: RCA's Seventy Year Quest for Cheap Labor (1999) received the 2000 Phillip Taft Prize for the Best Book in Labor History in 2000 Stayin' Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class (2010) awarded the Francis Parkman Prize for the Best Book in American History in 2011 The Great Exception: The New Deal and the Limits of American Politics (2016) Professor Cowie's work in social and political history focuses on how class, inequality, and labor shape American politics and culture. Formerly at Cornell, he is currently the James G. Stahlman Professor of History at Vanderbilt University. Sydney Business School at Shanghai University - can be reached at keith.krueger1@uts.edu.au or keithNBn@gmail.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

"History recalls Wallace's inaugural address as a set piece in the larger drama of defending Southern segregation, which it was. But the speech was about something even more profound, more enduring, even more virulent than segregation. Aside from his infamous “Segregation Forever” slogan, Wallace mentioned “segregation” only one other time that afternoon. In contrast, he invoked “freedom” twenty-five times in his speech—more than Martin Luther King Jr. would use the term later that year in his “I Have a Dream” address at the March on Washington. “Let us rise to the call of freedom-loving blood that is in us,” Wallace told his audience, “and send our answer to the tyranny that clanks its chains upon the South.” Those rattling shackles of oppression were forged by the enemy of the people of his beloved Barbour County: the federal government." – Jefferson Cowie, Freedom's Dominion: A Saga of White Resistance to Federal Power (Basic Books, 2022). Professor Cowie titles his latest book's introduction ‘George Wallace and American Freedom', which frames part of the historical narrative within which he reexamines one of our most celebrated values within the purview of local history. But as The New York Times review of the book in December by author Jeff Shesol articulately summarized: ‘Freedom's Dominion is local history, but in the way that Gettysburg was a local battle or the Montgomery bus boycott was a local protest. The book recounts four peak periods in the conflict between white Alabamians and the federal government: the wild rush, in the early 19th century, to seize and settle lands that belonged to the Creek Nation; Reconstruction; the reassertion of white supremacy under Jim Crow; and the attempts of Wallace and others to nullify the civil rights reforms of the 1950s and 1960s. Throughout, as Cowie reveals, white Southerners portrayed the oppression of Black people and Native Americans not as a repudiation of freedom, but its precondition, its very foundation.' This book is an engrossing read and check this from Shesol's review about Wallace and his attraction: ‘Racism was central to his appeal, yet its common note was grievance; the common enemies were elites, the press and the federal government. “Being a Southerner is no longer geographic,” he declared in 1964, during the first of his four runs for the White House. “It's a philosophy and an attitude.” That attitude, we know, is pervasive now — a primal, animating principle of conservative politics. We hear it in conspiracy theories about the “deep state”; we see it in the actions of Republican officials like Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida, who built a case for his re-election in 2022 by banning — in the name of “individual freedom” — classroom discussions of gender, sexuality and systemic racism.' Some of Professor Cowie's other books mentioned in this interview: Capital Moves: RCA's Seventy Year Quest for Cheap Labor (1999) received the 2000 Phillip Taft Prize for the Best Book in Labor History in 2000 Stayin' Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class (2010) awarded the Francis Parkman Prize for the Best Book in American History in 2011 The Great Exception: The New Deal and the Limits of American Politics (2016) Professor Cowie's work in social and political history focuses on how class, inequality, and labor shape American politics and culture. Formerly at Cornell, he is currently the James G. Stahlman Professor of History at Vanderbilt University. Sydney Business School at Shanghai University - can be reached at keith.krueger1@uts.edu.au or keithNBn@gmail.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

"History recalls Wallace's inaugural address as a set piece in the larger drama of defending Southern segregation, which it was. But the speech was about something even more profound, more enduring, even more virulent than segregation. Aside from his infamous “Segregation Forever” slogan, Wallace mentioned “segregation” only one other time that afternoon. In contrast, he invoked “freedom” twenty-five times in his speech—more than Martin Luther King Jr. would use the term later that year in his “I Have a Dream” address at the March on Washington. “Let us rise to the call of freedom-loving blood that is in us,” Wallace told his audience, “and send our answer to the tyranny that clanks its chains upon the South.” Those rattling shackles of oppression were forged by the enemy of the people of his beloved Barbour County: the federal government." – Jefferson Cowie, Freedom's Dominion: A Saga of White Resistance to Federal Power (Basic Books, 2022). Professor Cowie titles his latest book's introduction ‘George Wallace and American Freedom', which frames part of the historical narrative within which he reexamines one of our most celebrated values within the purview of local history. But as The New York Times review of the book in December by author Jeff Shesol articulately summarized: ‘Freedom's Dominion is local history, but in the way that Gettysburg was a local battle or the Montgomery bus boycott was a local protest. The book recounts four peak periods in the conflict between white Alabamians and the federal government: the wild rush, in the early 19th century, to seize and settle lands that belonged to the Creek Nation; Reconstruction; the reassertion of white supremacy under Jim Crow; and the attempts of Wallace and others to nullify the civil rights reforms of the 1950s and 1960s. Throughout, as Cowie reveals, white Southerners portrayed the oppression of Black people and Native Americans not as a repudiation of freedom, but its precondition, its very foundation.' This book is an engrossing read and check this from Shesol's review about Wallace and his attraction: ‘Racism was central to his appeal, yet its common note was grievance; the common enemies were elites, the press and the federal government. “Being a Southerner is no longer geographic,” he declared in 1964, during the first of his four runs for the White House. “It's a philosophy and an attitude.” That attitude, we know, is pervasive now — a primal, animating principle of conservative politics. We hear it in conspiracy theories about the “deep state”; we see it in the actions of Republican officials like Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida, who built a case for his re-election in 2022 by banning — in the name of “individual freedom” — classroom discussions of gender, sexuality and systemic racism.' Some of Professor Cowie's other books mentioned in this interview: Capital Moves: RCA's Seventy Year Quest for Cheap Labor (1999) received the 2000 Phillip Taft Prize for the Best Book in Labor History in 2000 Stayin' Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class (2010) awarded the Francis Parkman Prize for the Best Book in American History in 2011 The Great Exception: The New Deal and the Limits of American Politics (2016) Professor Cowie's work in social and political history focuses on how class, inequality, and labor shape American politics and culture. Formerly at Cornell, he is currently the James G. Stahlman Professor of History at Vanderbilt University. Sydney Business School at Shanghai University - can be reached at keith.krueger1@uts.edu.au or keithNBn@gmail.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/political-science

"History recalls Wallace's inaugural address as a set piece in the larger drama of defending Southern segregation, which it was. But the speech was about something even more profound, more enduring, even more virulent than segregation. Aside from his infamous “Segregation Forever” slogan, Wallace mentioned “segregation” only one other time that afternoon. In contrast, he invoked “freedom” twenty-five times in his speech—more than Martin Luther King Jr. would use the term later that year in his “I Have a Dream” address at the March on Washington. “Let us rise to the call of freedom-loving blood that is in us,” Wallace told his audience, “and send our answer to the tyranny that clanks its chains upon the South.” Those rattling shackles of oppression were forged by the enemy of the people of his beloved Barbour County: the federal government." – Jefferson Cowie, Freedom's Dominion: A Saga of White Resistance to Federal Power (Basic Books, 2022). Professor Cowie titles his latest book's introduction ‘George Wallace and American Freedom', which frames part of the historical narrative within which he reexamines one of our most celebrated values within the purview of local history. But as The New York Times review of the book in December by author Jeff Shesol articulately summarized: ‘Freedom's Dominion is local history, but in the way that Gettysburg was a local battle or the Montgomery bus boycott was a local protest. The book recounts four peak periods in the conflict between white Alabamians and the federal government: the wild rush, in the early 19th century, to seize and settle lands that belonged to the Creek Nation; Reconstruction; the reassertion of white supremacy under Jim Crow; and the attempts of Wallace and others to nullify the civil rights reforms of the 1950s and 1960s. Throughout, as Cowie reveals, white Southerners portrayed the oppression of Black people and Native Americans not as a repudiation of freedom, but its precondition, its very foundation.' This book is an engrossing read and check this from Shesol's review about Wallace and his attraction: ‘Racism was central to his appeal, yet its common note was grievance; the common enemies were elites, the press and the federal government. “Being a Southerner is no longer geographic,” he declared in 1964, during the first of his four runs for the White House. “It's a philosophy and an attitude.” That attitude, we know, is pervasive now — a primal, animating principle of conservative politics. We hear it in conspiracy theories about the “deep state”; we see it in the actions of Republican officials like Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida, who built a case for his re-election in 2022 by banning — in the name of “individual freedom” — classroom discussions of gender, sexuality and systemic racism.' Some of Professor Cowie's other books mentioned in this interview: Capital Moves: RCA's Seventy Year Quest for Cheap Labor (1999) received the 2000 Phillip Taft Prize for the Best Book in Labor History in 2000 Stayin' Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class (2010) awarded the Francis Parkman Prize for the Best Book in American History in 2011 The Great Exception: The New Deal and the Limits of American Politics (2016) Professor Cowie's work in social and political history focuses on how class, inequality, and labor shape American politics and culture. Formerly at Cornell, he is currently the James G. Stahlman Professor of History at Vanderbilt University. Sydney Business School at Shanghai University - can be reached at keith.krueger1@uts.edu.au or keithNBn@gmail.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/intellectual-history

"History recalls Wallace's inaugural address as a set piece in the larger drama of defending Southern segregation, which it was. But the speech was about something even more profound, more enduring, even more virulent than segregation. Aside from his infamous “Segregation Forever” slogan, Wallace mentioned “segregation” only one other time that afternoon. In contrast, he invoked “freedom” twenty-five times in his speech—more than Martin Luther King Jr. would use the term later that year in his “I Have a Dream” address at the March on Washington. “Let us rise to the call of freedom-loving blood that is in us,” Wallace told his audience, “and send our answer to the tyranny that clanks its chains upon the South.” Those rattling shackles of oppression were forged by the enemy of the people of his beloved Barbour County: the federal government." – Jefferson Cowie, Freedom's Dominion: A Saga of White Resistance to Federal Power (Basic Books, 2022). Professor Cowie titles his latest book's introduction ‘George Wallace and American Freedom', which frames part of the historical narrative within which he reexamines one of our most celebrated values within the purview of local history. But as The New York Times review of the book in December by author Jeff Shesol articulately summarized: ‘Freedom's Dominion is local history, but in the way that Gettysburg was a local battle or the Montgomery bus boycott was a local protest. The book recounts four peak periods in the conflict between white Alabamians and the federal government: the wild rush, in the early 19th century, to seize and settle lands that belonged to the Creek Nation; Reconstruction; the reassertion of white supremacy under Jim Crow; and the attempts of Wallace and others to nullify the civil rights reforms of the 1950s and 1960s. Throughout, as Cowie reveals, white Southerners portrayed the oppression of Black people and Native Americans not as a repudiation of freedom, but its precondition, its very foundation.' This book is an engrossing read and check this from Shesol's review about Wallace and his attraction: ‘Racism was central to his appeal, yet its common note was grievance; the common enemies were elites, the press and the federal government. “Being a Southerner is no longer geographic,” he declared in 1964, during the first of his four runs for the White House. “It's a philosophy and an attitude.” That attitude, we know, is pervasive now — a primal, animating principle of conservative politics. We hear it in conspiracy theories about the “deep state”; we see it in the actions of Republican officials like Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida, who built a case for his re-election in 2022 by banning — in the name of “individual freedom” — classroom discussions of gender, sexuality and systemic racism.' Some of Professor Cowie's other books mentioned in this interview: Capital Moves: RCA's Seventy Year Quest for Cheap Labor (1999) received the 2000 Phillip Taft Prize for the Best Book in Labor History in 2000 Stayin' Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class (2010) awarded the Francis Parkman Prize for the Best Book in American History in 2011 The Great Exception: The New Deal and the Limits of American Politics (2016) Professor Cowie's work in social and political history focuses on how class, inequality, and labor shape American politics and culture. Formerly at Cornell, he is currently the James G. Stahlman Professor of History at Vanderbilt University. Sydney Business School at Shanghai University - can be reached at keith.krueger1@uts.edu.au or keithNBn@gmail.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/american-studies

"History recalls Wallace's inaugural address as a set piece in the larger drama of defending Southern segregation, which it was. But the speech was about something even more profound, more enduring, even more virulent than segregation. Aside from his infamous “Segregation Forever” slogan, Wallace mentioned “segregation” only one other time that afternoon. In contrast, he invoked “freedom” twenty-five times in his speech—more than Martin Luther King Jr. would use the term later that year in his “I Have a Dream” address at the March on Washington. “Let us rise to the call of freedom-loving blood that is in us,” Wallace told his audience, “and send our answer to the tyranny that clanks its chains upon the South.” Those rattling shackles of oppression were forged by the enemy of the people of his beloved Barbour County: the federal government." – Jefferson Cowie, Freedom's Dominion: A Saga of White Resistance to Federal Power (Basic Books, 2022). Professor Cowie titles his latest book's introduction ‘George Wallace and American Freedom', which frames part of the historical narrative within which he reexamines one of our most celebrated values within the purview of local history. But as The New York Times review of the book in December by author Jeff Shesol articulately summarized: ‘Freedom's Dominion is local history, but in the way that Gettysburg was a local battle or the Montgomery bus boycott was a local protest. The book recounts four peak periods in the conflict between white Alabamians and the federal government: the wild rush, in the early 19th century, to seize and settle lands that belonged to the Creek Nation; Reconstruction; the reassertion of white supremacy under Jim Crow; and the attempts of Wallace and others to nullify the civil rights reforms of the 1950s and 1960s. Throughout, as Cowie reveals, white Southerners portrayed the oppression of Black people and Native Americans not as a repudiation of freedom, but its precondition, its very foundation.' This book is an engrossing read and check this from Shesol's review about Wallace and his attraction: ‘Racism was central to his appeal, yet its common note was grievance; the common enemies were elites, the press and the federal government. “Being a Southerner is no longer geographic,” he declared in 1964, during the first of his four runs for the White House. “It's a philosophy and an attitude.” That attitude, we know, is pervasive now — a primal, animating principle of conservative politics. We hear it in conspiracy theories about the “deep state”; we see it in the actions of Republican officials like Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida, who built a case for his re-election in 2022 by banning — in the name of “individual freedom” — classroom discussions of gender, sexuality and systemic racism.' Some of Professor Cowie's other books mentioned in this interview: Capital Moves: RCA's Seventy Year Quest for Cheap Labor (1999) received the 2000 Phillip Taft Prize for the Best Book in Labor History in 2000 Stayin' Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class (2010) awarded the Francis Parkman Prize for the Best Book in American History in 2011 The Great Exception: The New Deal and the Limits of American Politics (2016) Professor Cowie's work in social and political history focuses on how class, inequality, and labor shape American politics and culture. Formerly at Cornell, he is currently the James G. Stahlman Professor of History at Vanderbilt University. Sydney Business School at Shanghai University - can be reached at keith.krueger1@uts.edu.au or keithNBn@gmail.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/public-policy

"History recalls Wallace's inaugural address as a set piece in the larger drama of defending Southern segregation, which it was. But the speech was about something even more profound, more enduring, even more virulent than segregation. Aside from his infamous “Segregation Forever” slogan, Wallace mentioned “segregation” only one other time that afternoon. In contrast, he invoked “freedom” twenty-five times in his speech—more than Martin Luther King Jr. would use the term later that year in his “I Have a Dream” address at the March on Washington. “Let us rise to the call of freedom-loving blood that is in us,” Wallace told his audience, “and send our answer to the tyranny that clanks its chains upon the South.” Those rattling shackles of oppression were forged by the enemy of the people of his beloved Barbour County: the federal government." – Jefferson Cowie, Freedom's Dominion: A Saga of White Resistance to Federal Power (Basic Books, 2022). Professor Cowie titles his latest book's introduction ‘George Wallace and American Freedom', which frames part of the historical narrative within which he reexamines one of our most celebrated values within the purview of local history. But as The New York Times review of the book in December by author Jeff Shesol articulately summarized: ‘Freedom's Dominion is local history, but in the way that Gettysburg was a local battle or the Montgomery bus boycott was a local protest. The book recounts four peak periods in the conflict between white Alabamians and the federal government: the wild rush, in the early 19th century, to seize and settle lands that belonged to the Creek Nation; Reconstruction; the reassertion of white supremacy under Jim Crow; and the attempts of Wallace and others to nullify the civil rights reforms of the 1950s and 1960s. Throughout, as Cowie reveals, white Southerners portrayed the oppression of Black people and Native Americans not as a repudiation of freedom, but its precondition, its very foundation.' This book is an engrossing read and check this from Shesol's review about Wallace and his attraction: ‘Racism was central to his appeal, yet its common note was grievance; the common enemies were elites, the press and the federal government. “Being a Southerner is no longer geographic,” he declared in 1964, during the first of his four runs for the White House. “It's a philosophy and an attitude.” That attitude, we know, is pervasive now — a primal, animating principle of conservative politics. We hear it in conspiracy theories about the “deep state”; we see it in the actions of Republican officials like Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida, who built a case for his re-election in 2022 by banning — in the name of “individual freedom” — classroom discussions of gender, sexuality and systemic racism.' Some of Professor Cowie's other books mentioned in this interview: Capital Moves: RCA's Seventy Year Quest for Cheap Labor (1999) received the 2000 Phillip Taft Prize for the Best Book in Labor History in 2000 Stayin' Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class (2010) awarded the Francis Parkman Prize for the Best Book in American History in 2011 The Great Exception: The New Deal and the Limits of American Politics (2016) Professor Cowie's work in social and political history focuses on how class, inequality, and labor shape American politics and culture. Formerly at Cornell, he is currently the James G. Stahlman Professor of History at Vanderbilt University. Sydney Business School at Shanghai University - can be reached at keith.krueger1@uts.edu.au or keithNBn@gmail.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/law

"History recalls Wallace's inaugural address as a set piece in the larger drama of defending Southern segregation, which it was. But the speech was about something even more profound, more enduring, even more virulent than segregation. Aside from his infamous “Segregation Forever” slogan, Wallace mentioned “segregation” only one other time that afternoon. In contrast, he invoked “freedom” twenty-five times in his speech—more than Martin Luther King Jr. would use the term later that year in his “I Have a Dream” address at the March on Washington. “Let us rise to the call of freedom-loving blood that is in us,” Wallace told his audience, “and send our answer to the tyranny that clanks its chains upon the South.” Those rattling shackles of oppression were forged by the enemy of the people of his beloved Barbour County: the federal government." – Jefferson Cowie, Freedom's Dominion: A Saga of White Resistance to Federal Power (Basic Books, 2022). Professor Cowie titles his latest book's introduction ‘George Wallace and American Freedom', which frames part of the historical narrative within which he reexamines one of our most celebrated values within the purview of local history. But as The New York Times review of the book in December by author Jeff Shesol articulately summarized: ‘Freedom's Dominion is local history, but in the way that Gettysburg was a local battle or the Montgomery bus boycott was a local protest. The book recounts four peak periods in the conflict between white Alabamians and the federal government: the wild rush, in the early 19th century, to seize and settle lands that belonged to the Creek Nation; Reconstruction; the reassertion of white supremacy under Jim Crow; and the attempts of Wallace and others to nullify the civil rights reforms of the 1950s and 1960s. Throughout, as Cowie reveals, white Southerners portrayed the oppression of Black people and Native Americans not as a repudiation of freedom, but its precondition, its very foundation.' This book is an engrossing read and check this from Shesol's review about Wallace and his attraction: ‘Racism was central to his appeal, yet its common note was grievance; the common enemies were elites, the press and the federal government. “Being a Southerner is no longer geographic,” he declared in 1964, during the first of his four runs for the White House. “It's a philosophy and an attitude.” That attitude, we know, is pervasive now — a primal, animating principle of conservative politics. We hear it in conspiracy theories about the “deep state”; we see it in the actions of Republican officials like Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida, who built a case for his re-election in 2022 by banning — in the name of “individual freedom” — classroom discussions of gender, sexuality and systemic racism.' Some of Professor Cowie's other books mentioned in this interview: Capital Moves: RCA's Seventy Year Quest for Cheap Labor (1999) received the 2000 Phillip Taft Prize for the Best Book in Labor History in 2000 Stayin' Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class (2010) awarded the Francis Parkman Prize for the Best Book in American History in 2011 The Great Exception: The New Deal and the Limits of American Politics (2016) Professor Cowie's work in social and political history focuses on how class, inequality, and labor shape American politics and culture. Formerly at Cornell, he is currently the James G. Stahlman Professor of History at Vanderbilt University. Sydney Business School at Shanghai University - can be reached at keith.krueger1@uts.edu.au or keithNBn@gmail.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/american-south

"History recalls Wallace's inaugural address as a set piece in the larger drama of defending Southern segregation, which it was. But the speech was about something even more profound, more enduring, even more virulent than segregation. Aside from his infamous “Segregation Forever” slogan, Wallace mentioned “segregation” only one other time that afternoon. In contrast, he invoked “freedom” twenty-five times in his speech—more than Martin Luther King Jr. would use the term later that year in his “I Have a Dream” address at the March on Washington. “Let us rise to the call of freedom-loving blood that is in us,” Wallace told his audience, “and send our answer to the tyranny that clanks its chains upon the South.” Those rattling shackles of oppression were forged by the enemy of the people of his beloved Barbour County: the federal government." – Jefferson Cowie, Freedom's Dominion: A Saga of White Resistance to Federal Power (Basic Books, 2022). Professor Cowie titles his latest book's introduction ‘George Wallace and American Freedom', which frames part of the historical narrative within which he reexamines one of our most celebrated values within the purview of local history. But as The New York Times review of the book in December by author Jeff Shesol articulately summarized: ‘Freedom's Dominion is local history, but in the way that Gettysburg was a local battle or the Montgomery bus boycott was a local protest. The book recounts four peak periods in the conflict between white Alabamians and the federal government: the wild rush, in the early 19th century, to seize and settle lands that belonged to the Creek Nation; Reconstruction; the reassertion of white supremacy under Jim Crow; and the attempts of Wallace and others to nullify the civil rights reforms of the 1950s and 1960s. Throughout, as Cowie reveals, white Southerners portrayed the oppression of Black people and Native Americans not as a repudiation of freedom, but its precondition, its very foundation.' This book is an engrossing read and check this from Shesol's review about Wallace and his attraction: ‘Racism was central to his appeal, yet its common note was grievance; the common enemies were elites, the press and the federal government. “Being a Southerner is no longer geographic,” he declared in 1964, during the first of his four runs for the White House. “It's a philosophy and an attitude.” That attitude, we know, is pervasive now — a primal, animating principle of conservative politics. We hear it in conspiracy theories about the “deep state”; we see it in the actions of Republican officials like Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida, who built a case for his re-election in 2022 by banning — in the name of “individual freedom” — classroom discussions of gender, sexuality and systemic racism.' Some of Professor Cowie's other books mentioned in this interview: Capital Moves: RCA's Seventy Year Quest for Cheap Labor (1999) received the 2000 Phillip Taft Prize for the Best Book in Labor History in 2000 Stayin' Alive: The 1970s and the Last Days of the Working Class (2010) awarded the Francis Parkman Prize for the Best Book in American History in 2011 The Great Exception: The New Deal and the Limits of American Politics (2016) Professor Cowie's work in social and political history focuses on how class, inequality, and labor shape American politics and culture. Formerly at Cornell, he is currently the James G. Stahlman Professor of History at Vanderbilt University. Sydney Business School at Shanghai University - can be reached at keith.krueger1@uts.edu.au or keithNBn@gmail.com Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Nobody has a political career like JC Watts. Starting quarterback at the University of Oklahoma, NFL draft pick, several years in the Canadian Football League, the first Black statewide elected official in Oklahoma, 8 years in Congress rising to Conference Chair in the GOP leadership, and voluntarily leaving office with even greater political stardom likely in front of him. In this conversation, he talks his one-of-kind-story of a blue-collar kid from small town Eufala, OK to a high level pro athlete to a groundbreaking political figure - with one of the most unique perspectives in American politics. IN THIS EPISODEJC Watts' upbringing in rural Eufala, OK..The formative experience of playing football at the University of Oklahoma…The political roots of the Watts family…What leads him to run for office shortly after his football career ends…Lessons learned from his iconic coach Barry Switzer…Memories from early days in the House after his 1994 election…Congressman Watts talks what he learned about Native culture over the years…Inside the story of delivering the 1997 GOP Response to the State of the Union…Congressman Watts ousts John Boehner from the House GOP leadership after the '98 elections…Inside the strategic and messaging disagreements among the GOP leadership…Congressman Watts talks the intoxicating “cheer of the crowd” present in politics…The two times he most seriously considered running for office after he left the House…The letter Rosa Parks wrote to Congressman Watts…Why he left the House after 8 years…The longtime political relationship between Congressman Watts and his successor Tom Cole…Congressman Watts talks being both a Black man and a strong Republican…His thoughts on the state of the Trump-led Republican Party of 2022…The current projects that he's most excited about…AND Arkansas things, bellyachers, Sonny Bono, bootleggers, David Boren, the CFL, Julia Carson, cesspools and jacuzzis, Chattanooga, Dick Cheney, Donna Christensen, Bill Clinton, Tom Coburn, the Contract with America, the Creek Nation, Danny Davis, Tom Delay, disgruntled Democrats, dysfunctional conferences, economics 101, enterprise zones, FCA, Floyd Flake, George Floyd, Harold Ford Jr., Newt Gingrich, HBCUs, Denny Hastert, huge assignments, Jim Inhofe, Jesse Jackson, January 6th, Jack Kemp, knuckleheads, Langston University, lapel pins, Steve Largent, live bodies, Bob Livingston, Longhorn friends, Dave McCurdy, the NAACP, Don Nickles, opportunity zones, Ottawa, Pee Wee leagues, pow wows, private equity funds, pulpit experience, reading the blitz, redshirts, special sauce, The Selmon Brothers, the Sixth Sense, snowball effects, speechwriters, Mike Synar, Toronto, the United Nations, the Urban League, the USA Today, youth ministers, Zach Wamp & more!

In 1813, the War of 1812 spread to the American South, as an American army led by General Andrew Jackson attempted to suppress the Red Sticks, a faction of the Creek Nation that rebelled against White authority. Also in 1813, British forces began raiding American settlements along the Chesapeake Bay. Join Steve and James as they narrate the story of the beginnings of the war in the South.

Today we speak with journalist and professor Caleb Gayle about his new book We Refuse to Forget: A True Story of Black Creeks, American Identity, and Power. In our discussion of his career and American history, we cover Black people in the Creek Nation, forty acres and a mule, and what it means to be a citizen. We also ask why we are so consistently taught not to remember, and who benefits from our forgetting?You can find everything we discuss on today's show on The Stacks' Website: https://thestackspodcast.com/2022/07/13/ep-223-caleb-gayleThe Stacks Book Club selection for July is Season of Migration to the North by Tayeb Salih. We will discuss the book on July 27th with Elamin Abdelmahmoud.Connect with Caleb: Twitter | InstagramConnect with The Stacks: Instagram | Twitter | Shop | Patreon | Goodreads | SubscribeSUPPORT THE STACKSJoin The Stacks Pack on PatreonLifestyle Intelligence (LQ) - go to lqapp.co/thestacks and click “Get the App” for a one-month free trial for all new users.Care/of - go to TakeCareOf.com and enter code stacks50 for 50% off your first order.Emjoy - visit letsemjoy.com/stacks and download the app for a free 14-day trial.Purchasing books through Bookshop.org or Amazon earns The Stacks a small commission. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

The Creek Nation recognized Black people as full citizens until that ruling was revoked in the 1970s. Caleb Gayle is a journalist and professor at Northeastern University. He joins host Krys Boyd to discuss the struggle for Black Creeks to regain tribal recognition, how the government was involved, and how Black Creeks see themselves today. His book is “We Refuse to Forget: A True Story of Black Creeks, American Identity, and Power.”

The Creek chief Cow Tom was born around 1810 along the west coast of Florida. He survived the Trail of Tears, served as an interpreter between the Creeks and the U.S. government, and earned the title of Mikko, or chief, for his leadership of Creek refugees during the Civil War. In 1866, he served as an adviser during the nation's treaty negotiations with the U.S. government. This treaty, in addition to banning slavery in the five First Nations who were party to it, granted full citizenship in the Creek Nation to Black Creeks who had been accepted into the community after marriage or had been previously enslaved by their Indian owners. Mikko Cow Tom was one of those Black Creeks. When he died in 1874, he bequeathed his considerable assets, including grist mills, cattle, and land, to his family—along with Creek citizenship and a degree of social prominence that was exceedingly rare for a Black family of the time. But in 1979, the Creek Nation expelled its Black members, and to this day refuses to recognize their citizenship. In his new book, We Refuse to Forget, journalist and Northeastern University professor Caleb Gayle tells the complex story of the Creek Nation's ongoing reckoning with identity. Go beyond the episode: Caleb Gayle's We Refuse to Forget: A True Story of Black Creeks, American Identity, and PowerRead Gayle's 2018 article on Damario Solomon-Simmons's suit against the Creek Nation to restore Black Creeks' citizenshipSolomon-Simmons lost the case, but in 2017 a U.S. judge ruled that Cherokee Freedmen had the right to tribal membership (a decision the Cherokee Nation Supreme Court reaffirmed in 2021)You can search the Dawes Rolls, which lists people accepted between 1898 and 1914 as members of the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw,and Seminole tribes. The Dawes Commission, pictured on our episode page, notably used blood quantum and race to define membership—which would sometimes vary within the same family.Tune in every week to catch interviews with the liveliest voices from literature, the arts, sciences, history, and public affairs; reports on cutting-edge works in progress; long-form narratives; and compelling excerpts from new books. Hosted by Stephanie Bastek.Have suggestions for projects you'd like us to catch up on, or writers you want to hear from? Send us a note: podcast [at] theamericanscholar [dot] org. And rate us on iTunes! See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Caleb Gayle talks with us about his new book, We Refuse to Forget: A True Story of Black Creeks, American Identity, and Power. This book tells the story of the Creek Nation, a group that historically owned slaves and accepted Black people as full citizens. The story is told through the lens of a few people, but most prominently a man named Cow Tom, a Black Creek citizen who rose to become chief of the Creek Nation, and his descendants who were stripped of their Creek citizenship in the 1970s. We discuss how this happened with an examination of racial and ethnic identity, challenging our preconceptions of identity as it shines a new light on white supremacy, and marginalization that continue to hamper progress for Black Americans today. Caleb Gayle is an award-winning journalist who writes about race and identity. A professor at Northeastern University, he is a fellow at New America, PEN America, Harvard's Radcliffe Institute of Advanced Studies, and a visiting scholar at New York University. Gayle's writing has appeared in The New York Times Magazine, The Atlantic, The Guardian, Guernica, and other publications. The son of Jamaican immigrants, Gayle is a graduate of the University of Oklahoma, the University of Oxford, and has an MBA and a master's in public policy, both from Harvard University. He lives in Boston. Join us for this fascinating discussion and then go out and buy We Refuse to Forget! 

Are you feelin' peachy?   Today we are discussing the Porter Peach Festival in Porter, Oklahoma.   The Porter Peach Festival celebrates the area crop of peaches with a myriad of activities and events perfect for a summer day with the family. Pick peaches at nearby orchards, then head to Porter's downtown Main Street for arts and crafts, games, live music and a wide variety of fair food. This old-fashioned festival also includes carnival rides, a Peach Pageant and much more.   Clarksville, a settlement four miles south of present day Porter was the birthplace of Pleasant Porter, who later became chief of the Creek Nation. Incorporated in 1905, the town's name honored Pleasant Porter. By 1907 statehood, there were three banks, two cotton gins and a thriving community with a school and churches.   News story from KFOR - Google to invest over $75 million in Oklahoma in 2022 - by: Hicham Raache.   KFOR-TV (channel 4) is a television station in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, affiliated with NBC.It is owned by Nexstar Media Group.   Pryor Nestled in the heart of Green Country, Pryor is the site of the highly popular summer Rocklahoma festival. Located just 10 minutes from Lake Hudson, fish at one of the top three bass fishing lakes in Oklahoma.   Subscribe to the Only in OK Show.   Check out our sponsor for this episode - TAILBOARD APPAREL   #TravelOK #onlyinokshow #Oklahoma #MadeinOklahoma #oklaproud #podcast #okherewego #traveloklahoma #peaches #festivals #porter #tourism #events #Pryor #Google #KFOR #greencountry

“The most impactful part of this decision was Justice Gorsuch saying, ‘On the far end of the Trail of Tears there was a promise'. And I think every Native that read that felt like, hey it's about time. The US government is now going to be held to the treaties they made with our First Nations when they removed our people from their homelands”. – Kara Bacon Friends, on July 9th, 2020, THE single most extraordinary and unprecedented Supreme Court decision in our lifetime was made for Native country. It was decided in McGirt vs. Oklahoma that Creek Nation lands would remain “Indian Country” jurisdiction. And other tribes would soon follow. This was a win – a BIG win! But as much as we celebrated this victory, we also simultaneously looked at each other asking, “But what does it really mean - for us as Natives, for our tribe, for our justice system, for our healthcare and so on?” To squelch the confusion, I've called in the best of the best – our Choctaw Nation Chief, Gary Batton and our Tribal Prosecutor, Kara Bacon. It's important for everyone, but especially we as Chahtas to comprehend what all of this means. I highly recommend taking time to listen and soak it all in. High fives to us all – to Indian country, to our ancestors who were swindled and lied to, and to our future generations who will hopefully carry the torch even further. Chahta sia hoke! Season 1, Episode 14: “Choctaw Nation's Chief Gary Batton & Tribal Prosecutor, Kara Bacon on McGirt vs. Oklahoma and About Tribal Government” Native ChocTalk Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/nativechoctalkpodcast Podcast Episodes: https://nativechoctalk.com/podcasts/

There are over 550 federally recognized tribal governments and more than 300 Indian reservations in the United States. Tribal reservations are sovereign nations and are not required to comply with many federal or state laws, including freedom of information and open meetings laws. Legally, tribe members enjoy the same constitutional rights as every American, but there is no independent safeguard on reservations to protect those rights, such as freedom of the press.   Since tribal councils own the vast majority of the approximately 200 Native American newspapers, little leeway is given to any analysis of government activity. Reporters are often prohibited from writing critical stories about tribal leaders, and access to tribal records on most reservations is nonexistent. As a result, reporters who dare to question the tribal government will often find themselves out of a job or their newsrooms shut down.   Native American journalists often complain that government ownership of the tribal press runs counter to their roles as the watchdogs of their communities. They have long sought independence in their reporting on tribal reservations. Some tribes have enacted laws guaranteeing press freedoms, but governing councils have often displayed a willingness to ignore those laws, as well as orders by tribal courts. Recently the citizens of Oklahoma-based Muscogee Nation, the fourth largest reservation in the U.S, voted 1,914 to 596 to amend their constitution to include press protections and mandate funding for Mvskoke Media, the tribes' newspaper, radio and TV news outlet. The Muscogee amendment allows Mvskoke Media to operate “free from political interest or undue influence, harassment, censorship, control or restrictions from any department” of the tribe's government. In this 108th episode of "E&P Reports," Publisher Mike Blinder explores Native American news publishing and its challenges in providing free and unfettered news to the indigenous American populations it serves. Guests include Rob Collins, project manager with the Oklahoma Media Center and president-elect of Freedom of Information Oklahoma; Angel Ellis, director of Mvskoke Media, the independent tribal media agency of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation; and Sterling Cosper, membership manager of the Native American Journalists Association.    

In late August 1813, the Creek Nation was engaged in a civil war between the so-called Red Stick Faction that wanted to return to traditional Creek ways and the White Sticks who favored integrating with European and American ways. White settlers soon found themselves haplessly involved. In feeling threatened by the Creek war, they sought protection. Territorial militia and volunteers arrived only to creating conflict rather than eased it. They attacked Creeks at their mid-day meal at a place called Burnt Corn Creek. On August 30, 1813, the Creeks gathered a war party and retaliated by attacking Fort Mims in lower Alabama, just north of Mobile --when the fort's dinner bell rang. When the dust had cleared, the Battle of Fort Mims seemed more like a massacre. This armed engagement, and the war between the United States and the Red Stick Faction, lead to a string of conflicts between Americans and the existing Indian populations in the Southeast, including Florida. The Fort Mims battle was one piece in a conflict that ran roughly from 1812 until 1858 when the Second Seminole War ended. Americans retaliated for Fort Mims and defeated the Red Sticks at the Battle of Horsehoe Bend in 1814. Red Stick Faction refugees migrated to Spanish Florida where they integrated with Miccosukee and Seminole tribes. One of those refugees was a youth called Billy Powell or, as our listeners know him, Osceola. He would carry memories conveyed to him by his Great Uncle Peter McQueen, one of the leaders of the Creeks at Fort Mims. How the Red Sticks fought would inform his own actions in the Second Seminole war.   The Battle of Fort Mims is re-enacted as spectacle Aug. 29 and 30 at Tensaw, Alabama, where a reconstructed Fort Mims stands. Southern writer, historian, and Creek Indian reenactor, Dale Cox joins us to narrate and explain the tale. Hailing from the quant little community of Two Egg, Florida, Dale has authored or co-authored more than one dozen books on Southern history and culture. Of interest to listeners is his more recent focus on the Creek and Seminole Wars in Florida, Georgia and Alabama. These include the first two volumes in a four-book series - Fort Gaines, Georgia: A Military History; and Fort Scott, Fort Hughes & Camp Recovery: Three 19th Century military sites in Southwest Georgia. He has done pioneering research on the Negro Fort at Prospect Bluff for which he published his findings and has authored a biography of Millie Francis, the Creek Pocahantas. He has also written about Fowltown, the first battle of the Seminole Wars. In other words, you know we will be hearing again from Dale Cox on this podcast.   With Rachael Conrad, he founded TwoEggTV which produces short entertaining historical documentaries about these early 19th century events in the lower American Southeast. Two Egg TV features scenic outdoor locations, historic sites, legends, live events and more. Although many of their stories end up on commercial television throughout the world, our listeners can find them on YouTube and from their website, TwoEggTV.com Host Patrick Swan is a board member with the Seminole Wars Foundation. He is a combat veteran and of the U.S. Army, serving in Iraq, Afghanistan, Kuwait, and Kosovo, and at the Pentagon after 9/11. A military historian, he holds masters degrees in Public History, Communication, and Homeland Security, and is a graduate of the US Army War College with an advanced degree in strategic studies. This podcast is recorded at the homestead of the Seminole Wars Foundation in Bushnell, Florida.  Subscribe automatically to the Seminole Wars through your favorite podcast provider, such as iHeart or Stitcher or Spotify, DoubleTwist, or Pandora or Google podcasts or iTunes, or ... Check it out so you always get the latest episode without delay where and when you want it. Like us on Facebook, LinkedIn, and YouTube!

Rhonda Chastang and her daughter Amanda Chastang talk about their diverse rich heritage as we unpack the events of May 31, 1921 (The Tulsa Massacre) and its' impact on Tulsa, the nation and the African American community as a whole. linktr.ee/mypathhaspurpose Resources: This Bridge Called My Back: writings by radical women of color George Washington Grayson and the Creek Nation 1843-1920- by Mary Jane Warde Oklahoma Pioneer Papers Collection - https//www.lineages.com/blog/oklahoma-pioneer-papers 3 Documentaries You Should Watch About the Tulsa Race Massacre- https//www.wamc.org

The spring of 1812 found the young American republic on edge. The British Navy was impressing American seamen with impunity at an alarming rate while vicious attacks on frontier settlements by American Indians armed with British weapons had left a trail of fear and outrage. As calls for a military response increased, Kentucky, the first state west of the Appalachians, urged that only by defeating the British could the nation achieve security. The very thought conjured up embellished memories of the American Revolution, and once war was declared, many soldiers believed that the “Spirit of 76” would lead them to victory. But the conflict quickly transformed from a patriotic parade to a desperate attempt to survive against a major military power. While the War of 1812 is known mostly for later events, including the burning of Washington and the siege of Fort McHenry, much of the first two years of the war was fought in the west, with the British Army and their Indian allies nearly overrunning the Old Northwest and threatening the borders of the original colonies. In The War of 1812 in the West: From Fort Detroit to New Orleans, David Kirkpatrick chronicles the near catastrophic loss of the Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois Territories, the bitter fight against both Tecumseh's Confederation and the Creek Nation, and the slow recovery and ultimate victory of American forces—a large portion of which was supplied by Kentucky—from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. Battles such as River Raisin, Thames River, Fort Meigs, and New Orleans are placed in context to show how they secured America's frontier and opened territory to the west to new settlement following the war. -DAVID KIRKPATRICK serves as the Genealogy/ Reference Librarian at Mercer County (Kentucky) Public Library and has spent more than a decade working as an archivist for the Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives. He has a BA in history from the University of Louisville and an MA in history from Western Kentucky University.

Cherokee Nation Attorney General Sara Hill addresses the media on April 6, 2021, following a court ruling that affirmed the continued existence of the Cherokee Reservation in Oklahoma. The ruling in Spears v. State of Oklahoma means that the state of Oklahoma cannot prosecute Indians for most types of crimes on the Cherokee Reservation. The decision was issued by the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals on April 1 but the tribe has been preparing long before that, Hill said. "I'm sure the ruling has created these jurisdictional challenges that we are having to face in Oklahoma," Hill said during a virtual press conference. Speaking for the Cherokee Nation, I can assure you that we take this responsibility extremely seriously, and that this is something that we have been working on for a long time." Hill tied the latest legal development to the historic U.S. Supreme Court decision in McGirt v. Oklahoma. She said the decision, which was issued in July 2020 and applied to the reservation of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, confirmed that tribal treaties matter. "The acknowledgement of those treaties, it was long overdue," Hill said of a case that was closely followed by the Cherokee Nation, the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, the Chickasaw Nation, the Choctaw Nation and the Seminole Nation. "That makes McGirt an important case for not just for the Creek Nation and for the five tribes, but really for all of Indian Country," Hill said. Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals Decision on Cherokee Nation Reservation (Turtle Talk) https://turtletalk.blog/2021/04/05/oklahoma-court-of-criminal-appeals-decision-on-cherokee-nation-reservation/ Cover photo of Sara Hill courtesy Cherokee Nation

Cherokee Nation Attorney General Sara Hill addresses the media on April 6, 2021, following a court ruling that affirmed the continued existence of the Cherokee Reservation in Oklahoma. The ruling in Spears v. State of Oklahoma means that the state of Oklahoma cannot prosecute Indians for most types of crimes on the Cherokee Reservation. The decision was issued by the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals on April 1 but the tribe has been preparing long before that, Hill said. "I'm sure the ruling has created these jurisdictional challenges that we are having to face in Oklahoma," Hill said during a virtual press conference. Speaking for the Cherokee Nation, I can assure you that we take this responsibility extremely seriously, and that this is something that we have been working on for a long time." Hill tied the latest legal development to the historic U.S. Supreme Court decision in McGirt v. Oklahoma. She said the decision, which was issued in July 2020 and applied to the reservation of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, confirmed that tribal treaties matter. "The acknowledgement of those treaties, it was long overdue," Hill said of a case that was closely followed by the Cherokee Nation, the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, the Chickasaw Nation, the Choctaw Nation and the Seminole Nation. "That makes McGirt an important case for not just for the Creek Nation and for the five tribes, but really for all of Indian Country," Hill said. Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals Decision on Cherokee Nation Reservation (Turtle Talk) https://turtletalk.blog/2021/04/05/oklahoma-court-of-criminal-appeals-decision-on-cherokee-nation-reservation/ Cover photo of Sara Hill courtesy Cherokee Nation

In this episode, I talk about Boley Oklahoma, John Dolphin, and Uniondale, Alabama which is featured in the documentary "The Contradiction of Fairhope" As we celebrate #BlackHistoryMonth, we shouldn't repeat the same stories always told. Black Wall St. wasn't the only thriving Black Community, there were many others. n the early twentieth century Boley, Oklahoma was the largest predominantly black town in the United States. Boley was officially opened for settlement in 1903 in Creek Nation, Indian Territory along with the Fort Smith and Western Railroad. The interracial group that founded Boley included Lake Moore, a white attorney, John Boley, a white manager for the Fort Smith and Western Railroad, and Thomas M. Haynes, a black farmer, and entrepreneur from Texas. The trio worked together with James Barnett, a Creek Freedman, to purchase the land of Barnett’s daughter Abigail, to form Boley’s nucleus. Southern migrants in search of better opportunities flocked to Boley and the town experienced rapid growth over the years. READ MORE https://jackdappabluesradio.tv/boley-oklahoma-jack-dappa-blues-heritage-radio/ Bringing Hollywood to Central Avenue, John Dolphin cut records in the back of his store, then broke the record on his radio station that broadcasted in the front window of his store. John’s efforts platformed black music and artists who wouldn’t have had a chance to be heard on a large level. It also broke the color barriers as his record store had Black, White and Chicano patrons who partied together in and around the record store. READ MORE http://digital.livingblues.com/publication/?i=564440&article_id=3295263&view=articleBrowser HEAR THE STORY OF JOHN DOLPHIN PODCAST https://jackdappabluesradio.tv/dolphins-of-hollywood-the-john-dolphin-story/ THE CONTRADICTION OF FAIR HOPE Narrated by Whoopi Goldberg, composed by Christian McBride and executive Produced/Co-Directed by S. Epatha Merkerson “The Contradictions of Fair Hope” is about the 4 million freed slaves roaming the antebellum, many of them are ill-prepared and unable to cope with the realities of their newfound freedom in 1865 rural Alabama. The film traces the development, struggles, contributions, and gradual loss of the tradition of one of the last remaining African American benevolent societies, known as “The Fair Hope Benevolent Society” in Uniontown, Alabama. DONATE TO OUR CROWDFUNDING CAMPAIGN https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/the-african-american-folklorist-newspaper To purchase SUPER REDS email lamontjackpearley@jackdappabluesradio.tv or denisepearley@jackdappabluesradio.tv --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/jackdappabluespodcast/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/jackdappabluespodcast/support

Tennessee 200 years ago... As predicted by the Shawnee Chief Tecumseh, earthquakes shook western Tennessee with 10 times the seismic force of the San Francisco earthquakes in the late 1800s. The war of 1812 intensified the hostilities between white settlers and the Creek Nation. The eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia in 1815 resulted in the “year without a summer,” with crop failures, food shortages and migrations of settlers from the eastern states. Into this melee comes one of the most notable cases in American occult history: the Bell Witch. Hang out with Seriah and filmmaker Seth Breedlove, as they talk about his latest documentary, “The Mark of the Bell Witch.” They talk about the history of Tennessee and the poltergeist type activity that surrounds the Bell Witch legend.

We may think that 2020 is “annum horribilis,” but it pales in comparison to 1820 and the years preceding it. Consider what life was like in Tennessee 200 years ago. As predicted by the Shawnee Chief Tecumseh, earthquakes shook western Tennessee with ten times the seismic force of the San Francisco earthquakes in the late nineteenth century. The war of 1812 intensified the hostilities between white settlers and the Creek Nation. The eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia in 1815 resulted in the “year without a summer,” with crop failures, food shortages and migrations of settlers from the eastern states. Into this melee comes one of the most notable cases in American occult history: the Bell Witch. Join Seriah and his guest, filmmaker Seth Breedlove, as they discuss his latest documentary, “The Mark of the Bell Witch.” Their discussion covers the history of the region, the poltergeist elements of the narrative and the challenges of creating a film about phenomena that have captured our imaginations for two centuries. - Recap by Patricia W. Seth's website: Small Town Monsters Outro Music "Lilith" by Andra Dare Download

We may think that 2020 is “annum horribilis,” but it pales in comparison to 1820 and the years preceding it. Consider what life was like in Tennessee 200 years ago. As predicted by the Shawnee Chief Tecumseh, earthquakes shook western Tennessee with ten times the seismic force of the San Francisco earthquakes in the late nineteenth century. The war of 1812 intensified the hostilities between white settlers and the Creek Nation. The eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia in 1815 resulted in the “year without a summer,” with crop failures, food shortages and migrations of settlers from the eastern states. Into this melee comes one of the most notable cases in American occult history: the Bell Witch. Join Seriah and his guest, filmmaker Seth Breedlove, as they discuss his latest documentary, “The Mark of the Bell Witch.” Their discussion covers the history of the region, the poltergeist elements of the narrative and the challenges of creating a film about phenomena that have captured our imaginations for two centuries. - Recap by Patricia W. Seth’s website: Small Town Monsters Outro Music "Lilith" by Andra Dare Download

NXIVM Leader Sentenced- SCOTUS on WI, PA & NC Elections- Kavanaugh Swings?If you tuned into "The Vow" you might've heard of one Keith Reneire, who was just sentenced to 120 years in prison relating to his activities involving his self help group/cult.Supreme Court hands down some election related cases right before the ELECTION! See what #SCOTUS Justice is making us all scratch our heads. See how the Court's decision in Wisconsin compares to Pennsylvania and North Carolina.Listen to Punk Law 101: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/punk-law-101-a-legal-news-commentary-comedy-series/id1511678776Follow Walter: @BrojodeathpunchFollow the podcast: @Punklaw101Check out the Punk Law Minute videos!How Trump can force Tiktok's hand with the CFIUS- Exon-Florio, FINSA & FIRRMA! https://youtu.be/KEKWJVkOUyECan Trump Ban TikTok using IEEPA?: https://youtu.be/FlBhrOU867AMary Trump Book & Legal Battle: https://youtu.be/WdZ6cMwfDggTrump Subpoena cases explored!: https://youtu.be/QKFrdmipKxYSCOTUS! McGirt v Oklahoma, Trump v. Vance & Mazars- Punk Law 101- Creek Nation & Trump Subpoenas!: https://youtu.be/mRqUK4Og27QSCOTUS! On Robocalls & Electoral College! - Future of the National Vote Compact?https://youtu.be/PncZPSZzwbAUSPTO v. Booking.com- Trademark Law Case: https://youtu.be/ppAXaZUk4n0Washington NFL Team Trademark Issue: https://youtu.be/4yJEUL_h3tICan Donald Trump (Constitutionally) delay the election?: https://youtu.be/ghMHmUNezIcNick Sandmann Defamation Settlement (Covington Catholic):https://youtu.be/_6hK3DklyXk

Amy Coney Barrett Confirmation Hearings- Court Packing!-The 25th Amendment- The plot to kidnap the Governor of MichiganThe Judiciary Committee hearings were last week and all we heard about was originalism and Sasha Barrett Amy Cohen, Trump's new appointee to the Supreme Court.Also, we go over what Court Packing is, the 25th Amendment and how Pelosi wants to enact a law in furtherance of it. Then we talk about the plot to kidnap the governor of Michigan!Listen to Punk Law 101: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/punk-law-101-a-legal-news-commentary-comedy-series/id1511678776Follow Walter: @BrojodeathpunchFollow the podcast: @Punklaw101Check out the Punk Law Minute videos!How Trump can force Tiktok's hand with the CFIUS- Exon-Florio, FINSA & FIRRMA! https://youtu.be/KEKWJVkOUyECan Trump Ban TikTok using IEEPA?: https://youtu.be/FlBhrOU867AMary Trump Book & Legal Battle: https://youtu.be/WdZ6cMwfDggTrump Subpoena cases explored!: https://youtu.be/QKFrdmipKxYSCOTUS! McGirt v Oklahoma, Trump v. Vance & Mazars- Punk Law 101- Creek Nation & Trump Subpoenas!: https://youtu.be/mRqUK4Og27QSCOTUS! On Robocalls & Electoral College! - Future of the National Vote Compact?https://youtu.be/PncZPSZzwbAUSPTO v. Booking.com- Trademark Law Case: https://youtu.be/ppAXaZUk4n0Washington NFL Team Trademark Issue: https://youtu.be/4yJEUL_h3tICan Donald Trump (Constitutionally) delay the election?: https://youtu.be/ghMHmUNezIcNick Sandmann Defamation Settlement (Covington Catholic):https://youtu.be/_6hK3DklyXkFull Playlist:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLu8rjs_AKBSUe2OEedZAalOoJash8h2k-

Rhonda Grayson is the great-granddaughter of America Cohee Webster, a member of the Muscogee Creek Nation. Rhonda can say America’s roll number by heart: 4661. Rhonda grew up aware and proud of her Creek ancestry, but has not been able to enroll as a member of the tribe herself. In 1979, the Creek Nation re-wrote its constitution to change the citizenship parameters so that only people who could trace their lineage by blood could be members. That meant Black people who were the descendants of the Creek’s enslaved population were removed from the rolls. These people were called Creek Freedmen, and until 1979, they were considered members of the tribe. Rhonda is now a founding member of the Muscogee Creek Indian Freedmen Band, a group of Black people working to preserve their families’ connection to the Creek Nation. On Into America, Rhonda tells Trymaine Lee about her fight to be legally recognized as part of the Muscogee Creek Nation. And they talk about her family’s legacy: including her great-grandmother, America Cohee, whose picture you can find as the tile art for this episode. For a transcript, please visit https://www.msnbc.com/intoamerica. Further Reading and Listening: Information about the Muscogee Creek Indian Freedman Band Coronavirus takes more than Native Americans' lives. Killing our elderly erases our culture.

#GetOnCode - Part three of the discussion on how some of the leaders Federally Recognized Indian Tribes of OUR Indian family conduct Birthright Theft & Institutional Racism on those of us who can be identified as Black Americans or have African ancestry. #FlyGuy #SekoVarner and Queen Natalie Purdie chats and learns with #Moorish Science Temple of America's Frederick Jones El teaches US on the problems caused by OUR #NativeAmericans family in the #Cherokee, #Pamunkey Nation, the Creek Nation, and the #Muscogee Creek Nation on US. Join US in the lesson, and participate with yOUR questions. #TheFlyGuysShow - Info link: https://blackimprovement.blogspot.com/2020/05/the-indian-problem-american-indians-do.html Lean how to invest your spare change to make a change in your life with Acorns: https://www.acorns.com/invite?code=zd3daa Invest in stocks easily with STASH: https://get.stashinvest.com/sekosq72j Fix your credit yourself: https://positivevibes.myecon.net/my-credit-system/ Protect your ID: https://positivevibes.myecon.net/id-defender/ Get roadside assistance: https://positivevibes.myecon.net/road-assure/ Boost your immunity: https://positivevibes.myecon.net/daily-ultimate/ Start a home business: https://positivevibes.myecon.net/lp/wfh-v2/?a=4-930503E- --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/get-on-code/message

Dennis is joined by Bill O'Reilly to talk about his new book "Killing Crazy Horse: The Merciless Indian Wars in America" which examines our nation's history with already occupied lands, from General Andrew Jackson’s battles with the Creek Nation to President James Monroe’s “sea to shining sea” policy, to President Martin Van Buren’s enforcement of a “treaty” that forced the Cherokee Nation out of their homelands along what would be called the Trail of Tears and Custer's Last Stand. Bill also talks about what he sees as the two possible outcomes of the election, and how important the first debate will be. Then, Dennis chats with Christian, Lindsey and Stemper about the HBO documentary series "The Vow", "Sunset Blvd.", Christopher Nolan's "Tenet", Sting, Kurt Schlichter and baseball books and much more! This episode is brought to you by our sponsor: Draft Kings App (Code: Miller)

Hi there! Welcome to Stories That Made Us. This week, we talk about the creation myths of the Creeks, Crows, and Diegueno. They are all Native American tribes of the United States. The first story is of the Creeks, also known as Muskogee. They are made up of several tribes that had originally lived in the states of Georgia and Alabama. They were a part of the "five civilized tribes" - others being Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminole. They lived a sedentary life, and their livelihoods predominantly consisted of agriculture. They were notorious during the early years of American settlement. The 1813 war between the United States and the Red Stick faction of the Creek Nation was particularly disastrous. The Creeks were responsible for the sacking of Fort Mims, killing nearly 400 settlers. In retaliation, General Andrew Jackson defeated the Red Sticks and exacted a secession of 23 million acres of land from the tribes. After Jackson became the President, he forcibly removed the Creeks to Oklahoma, prying them from their native lands in Alabama and Georgia. The tale we will be discussing is told by Muskeke Iskwew, a Creek medicine woman. It is a story of how peace and harmony first reigned between animals and humans. Eventually, human greed disrupted this harmony and caused many of the problems that we face today. The underlying belief is the sacredness of animals, and the destruction and corruption brought about by humans to Creation. The second story is of the Crow. These Native American people call themselves Apsaalooke, meaning "children of the large-beaked bird" or Absarkoes, which means "sparrow hawks". They are a member of the Siouan family and live predominantly on the Crow Indian Reservation in Montana. The Crow Nation originally comprised of over 38 million acres, but it shrank to less than 2.2 million acres after treaties with the United States government. Their creation myth, like many Native American stories, tell an earth diver story where the world is discovered by ducks that dived underwater to find land. The story also involves a creator and a trickster. In this tale, the creator is Old Man Coyote, and the trickster is Little coyote. The final story is of the Diegueno. Also known as San Diegueno, they are a group of Yuman speaking Native Americans who originally lived on either side of the Mexican and the United States border, comprising of Californian and Baja Californian lands. They were named after the mission of San Diego. The coastal tribespeople mostly lived on fish and mollusks, while the inland Diegueno engaged in agriculture. They were known for handicrafts such as pottery and baskets. I hope you enjoy the tales. If you do, please leave a rating and feedback. Share and subscribe! Your patronage would help us immensely! Get in touch with us: Twitter: @storiesthtmdeus Instagram: @storiesthtmdeus Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/storiesthatmdeus e-mail: info.storiesthatmadeus@gmail.com The music used for the episodes are either free to use, or under creative commons license. Below are their links and attributions - Flickering Artist: VYEN Source: YouTube Audio Library On Foot Artist: Underbelly & Ty Mayer Source: YouTube Audio Library Etherial Choir Ascends Artist: Doug Maxwell/Media Right Productions Source: YouTube Audio Library Emerald Therapy by Audionautix is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Artist: http://audionautix.com/ 30 Second Classical by Audionautix is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Artist: http://audionautix.com/ Over Time by Audionautix is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Artist: http://audionautix.com/ Pinckney Artist: The 126ers Source: YouTube Audio Library Accralate - The Dark Contenent by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100341 Artist: http://incompetech.com/ Waking to Reality Artist: Unicorn Heads Source: YouTube Audio Library Earthly Destiny Artist: Sir Cubworth Source: YouTube Audio Library Apocalypse Artist: SYBS Source: YouTube Audio Library Ashton Manor - Stings by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1300043 Artist: http://incompetech.com/

Delaying the Election, Tiktok Ban/Forced Sale & Teaching the Law with dick jokes!We are back after a slight delay- Walter & John go into further detail on Trump's war with Tiktok- can he ban it using the International Emmergency Economic Powers Act? What about the CFIUS? Also, Trump suggests delaying the election but the silver lining is- he has no say in whether the elections move forward!Finally Walter goes into a new bit he is working on teaching the elements of defamation using dick jokes!Listen to Punk Law 101: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/punk-law-101-a-legal-news-commentary-comedy-series/id1511678776Follow Walter: @BrojodeathpunchFollow the podcast: @Punklaw101Check out the Punk Law Minute videos!How Trump can force Tiktok's hand with the CFIUS- Exon-Florio, FINSA & FIRRMA! https://youtu.be/KEKWJVkOUyECan Trump Ban TikTok using IEEPA?: https://youtu.be/FlBhrOU867AMary Trump Book & Legal Battle: https://youtu.be/WdZ6cMwfDggTrump Subpoena cases explored!: https://youtu.be/QKFrdmipKxYSCOTUS! McGirt v Oklahoma, Trump v. Vance & Mazars- Punk Law 101- Creek Nation & Trump Subpoenas!: https://youtu.be/mRqUK4Og27QSCOTUS! On Robocalls & Electoral College! - Future of the National Vote Compact?https://youtu.be/PncZPSZzwbAUSPTO v. Booking.com- Trademark Law Case: https://youtu.be/ppAXaZUk4n0Washington NFL Team Trademark Issue: https://youtu.be/4yJEUL_h3tICan Donald Trump (Constitutionally) delay the election?: https://youtu.be/ghMHmUNezIcNick Sandmann Defamation Settlement (Covington Catholic):https://youtu.be/_6hK3DklyXkFull Playlist:https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLu8rjs_AKBSUe2OEedZAalOoJash8h2k-0 USC 1701 (IEEPA) authorizes the president to declare the existence of an "unusual and extraordinary threat... to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States" that originates "in whole or substantial part outside the United States." It authorizes the president, after such a declaration, to block transactions and freeze assets to deal with the threat. (For more info see https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/R45618.pdf)Falls under the umbrella of the National Emergencies Act (NEA) in 1976 50 U.S.C. § 1601 et seq Presidents may invoke IEEPA under the procedures set forth in the NEA- the NEA requires that the President “immediately” transmit the proclamation declaring the emergency to Congress and publish it in the Federal Register. Congress must review every 6 months. “ IEEPA requires that the President consult with Congress “Once the President declares a national emergency invoking IEEPA, he or she must immediately transmit a report to Congress specifying:(1) the circumstances which necessitate such exercise of authority;(2) why the President believes those circumstances constitute an unusual and extraordinarythreat, which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States, to thenational security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States;(3) the authorities to be exercised and the actions to be taken in the exercise of thoseauthorities to deal with those circumstances;(4) why the President believes such actions are necessary to deal with those circumstances;and(5) any foreign countries with respect to which such actions are to be taken and why suchactions are to be taken with respect to those countries.Bernstein v. US Department of Justice (9th Circuit) Junger v. Daley (6th Circuit)

In this installment of 3D Politics Live.. Rick Hubbard had the gaul to bear arms in keeping with constitutional & statutory compliance, but that's unacceptable to the Broken Arrow police, who showered him with more than a dozen pepper balls and a few nights in jail. They never charged him, but the judge decided to give the police the custody of Hubbard's entire firearms collection.It's been more than 15 months, and he just got all his state case dropped, because he's a Choctaw Indian on Creek Nation territory.Listen as he tells you how it went down..-------------Watch the enclosed Video here, or Listen to the Podcast, here.Watch the entire weekly telecast live, every Monday night at 7pm, on our Facebook page. -

On July 9, the Supreme Court handed down its opinion in McGirt v. Oklahoma. Jimcy McGirt sought post-conviction relief of three major sexual assault convictions, arguing his crimes occurred in Indian Country and thus were subject to the Indian Major Crimes Act. If that law applies, Mr. McGirt’s crimes should have been prosecuted in federal, rather than state court.The Supreme Court ruled in favor of McGirt, holding that land in northeastern Oklahoma--reserved for the Creek Nation since the 19th century-- remains a reservation in accordance with a federal statute that gives the federal government jurisdiction to try certain major crimes committed by Indians in Indian country. Therefore, Oklahoma state courts did not have jurisdiction to convict Mr. McGirt. To discuss this case and its implications, we have Andy Lester, partner at Spencer Fane LLP.

On July 9, the Supreme Court handed down its opinion in McGirt v. Oklahoma. Jimcy McGirt sought post-conviction relief of three major sexual assault convictions, arguing his crimes occurred in Indian Country and thus were subject to the Indian Major Crimes Act. If that law applies, Mr. McGirt’s crimes should have been prosecuted in federal, rather than state court.The Supreme Court ruled in favor of McGirt, holding that land in northeastern Oklahoma--reserved for the Creek Nation since the 19th century-- remains a reservation in accordance with a federal statute that gives the federal government jurisdiction to try certain major crimes committed by Indians in Indian country. Therefore, Oklahoma state courts did not have jurisdiction to convict Mr. McGirt. To discuss this case and its implications, we have Andy Lester, partner at Spencer Fane LLP.

This week on Minnesota Native News, why we should care about the recent victory of the Creek Nation over the state of Oklahoma in the U.S. Supreme Court.

Trump Subpoena Cases! Birth Control & Obamacare! Half of Oklahoma is a Reservation! - Punk Law 101On today's episode- John and Walter talk about the last 5 of the United States Supreme Court's opinions to be released this session. Dealing with a range of issues including- the new rules for employers taking an exception to providing birth control as part of their healthcare plan (02:00), half of eastern Oklahoma potentially being apart of the Creek Nation Reservation (26:00), the Trump Subpoena cases (47:00) and the "ministerial exception" (01:03:00).Check out the youtube videos: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLu8rjs_AKBSUe2OEedZAalOoJash8h2k-For Robocalls, Faithless Electors and the National Vote compact: https://youtu.be/PncZPSZzwbAFor USPTO v. Booking.com (a good starter on trademark law): https://youtu.be/ppAXaZUk4n0Quick primer on McGirt v. Oklahoma: https://youtu.be/mRqUK4Og27QMcGirt v. OklahomaThe U.S. Supreme Court just ruled that Oklahoma prosecutors cannot try Native Americans in state courts for crimes committed on tribal lands, upholding the sovereignty of the Creek Nation and other tribes. This will result in the reversal of some Oklahoma death sentencesThe Major Crimes Act (MCA) provides that, within “the Indian country,” “[a]ny Indian who commits” certain enumerated offenses “shall be subject to the same law and penalties as all other persons committing any of [those] offenses, within the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States.” 18 U. S. C. §1153(a). “Indian country” includes “all land within the limits of any Indian reservation under the jurisdiction of the United States Government.” §1151Trump v. Vance and Trump v. Mazars are two subpoena cases dealing with Trump's financial records. Here the Supreme court handles these cases quite differently. In Trump v. Vance, the justices held that a sitting president is not absolutely immune from a state criminal subpoena for his financial records. In Trump v. Mazars, the justices held that the courts below did not take adequate account of the significant separation of powers concerns implicated by congressional subpoenas for the president's information, and sent the case back to the lower courts.Little sister of the poor saints peter and paul home v. Pennsylvania.- The affordable care act, birth control case! Turns out this case is more narrow than what most people think it means. Holding: The Departments of Health and Human Services, Labor and the Treasury had authority under the Affordable Care Act to promulgate rules exempting employers with religious or moral objections from providing contraceptive coverage to their employees.Our Lady of Guadalupe School v. Morrissey-Berru- The "ministerial exception" under the religion clauses of the First Amendment forecloses the adjudication of employment-discrimination claims of Catholic school teachers in these cases.WARNING! This podcast is for informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for legal advice. If you have a question or wish to act upon the information in this podcast, we recommend you consult an attorney in your state.*Punk Law 101- A Legal News, Commentary, & Comedy Series*Walter John Deptuch, Esq.: @BrojodeathpunchFollow the podcast at: @punklaw101Punk Law 101 is an informational and entertainment series. Through a series of youtube videos, podcasts and interviews with other lawyers and local stand up comedians. We're gonna try to figure out just how and why our legal system works the way it does... and is there a way it could work better?We'll review recent #SupremeCourt decisions, discuss current and past #political movements, and compare pop culture references like TV Shows, Movies and even Memes!#Scotus #SupremeCourt #LegalNews #PolticalNews #PolitcalCommentary #Lawyer #attorney #Esquire #Law #Evidence #CriminalLaw #Trademark #Copyright #Bankruptcy #StudentLoans #PoliticalSatire #BadLawyer #TrueCrime #Arrests

Watch The KrisAnne Hall Show on YouTube Supreme Court has published their opinion on Trump's Taxes. Some are happy some are mad - we'll tell you what the Constitution says. The SCOTUS opinion on the treaty with the Creek Nation may be the great sleeper of 2020. This will have greater and longer lasting impact than anything with Trump's Tax Returns. #LibertyFirst Always bringing you current events from an historical, constitutional, and principled perspective. Ensure this Excellent Constitution Training Continues! Partner with The KrisAnne Hall Daily Journal and be a part of the force that will restore Americans with their Constitutional Principles! To JOIN with us just simply Go to https://www.krisannehall.com/index.php/donate and give OR Text- impact2020 to 33777 Subscribe to the KrisAnne Hall YouTube Channel http://youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=krisannehall1 Books, DVDs and On Demand Seminars by KrisAnne Hall at https://KrisAnneHall.com --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/the-krisanne-hall-show/support

Welcome to Majority.FM's AM QUICKIE! Brought to you by justcoffee.coop TODAY'S HEADLINES: The Supreme Court rules that much of the state of Oklahoma rightly belongs to Native American tribes. Republicans, predictably, freak out. Meanwhile, Joe Biden unveiled a new campaign slogan in Pennsylvania. It’s union-made and wrapped lovingly in Old Glory. And lastly, do not mess with the TikTok teens. Repeat: Do Not. Mess. With. The TikTok. Teens. Or they will mess with you. THESE ARE THE STORIES YOU NEED TO KNOW: A large swath of Oklahoma including the state’s second largest city, Tulsa, belong to Native American tribes, the Supreme Court ruled yesterday. In a five-to-four decision, the Court sided with the Muscogee (MUSK-OH-GI), also known as the Creek Nation. Justice Neil Gorsuch, who usually votes with the conservatives, here sided with the majority. The case concerned a tribal member named Jimcy McGirt who was convicted of sex crimes. His defense argued that only the federal government, not state authorities, could prosecute him. They argued that was the case because the crime took place on land that had not been ceded by the tribe to the state of Oklahoma, and Congress had never clarified the matter. The court found this convincing. Justice Gorsuch wrote, QUOTE, “On the far end of the Trail of Tears was a promise... Today we are asked whether the land these treaties promised remains an Indian reservation for purposes of federal criminal law. Because Congress has not said otherwise, we hold the government to its word ENDQUOTE. There’s a first time for everything, huh? Native groups hailed the ruling. But Republicans freaked out. Ted Cruz, the Senator from the neighboring state of Texas, had a juvenile freak-out, and Tweeted that Neil Gorsuch and the four liberal Justices just gave away half of Oklahoma, literally. Manhattan is next, Cruz said. On Fox News, Lou Dobbs said the Supreme Court was compromised by the Deep State, was out of control, and acting like squirrels. What does that even mean? Squirrels? Is that a Q- Anon thing? Or did he just coin a slur? The areas affected by the ruling also affect other tribes: the Cherokee, the Choctaw (CHOCK- TAUGH), the Chickasaw (CHICKA-SAW), and the Seminole. The nations also promised to coordinate law enforcement with state and federal officials, since Oklahoma state courts have lost jurisdiction over much of the eastern half of the state. The ruling means hundreds of convictions could be overturned. It also means that McGirt, the alleged sex criminal who prompted the fight over jurisdiction, may be tried federally. But ultimately, as the Cherokee writer Rebecca Nagle put it, the decision affirms that it’s been Indian country all along. Biden: "Build Back Better" Joe Biden’s presidential campaign rolled out a new slogan yesterday. Are you ready? It’s Build Back Better. Biden called his new slogan both bold and practical. The former vice president spoke yesterday at a metal works in Dunmore, Pennsylvania. Advisers told reporters the new campaign focus takes aim at what they call Trump’s two main issues: the economy and nationalism. If Trump’s slogan is America First, Biden’s new message might be called, America, Seconded. In Pennsylvania Biden talked about rebuilding the country’s manufacturing base, and announced two new spending programs: $300 billion for high-tech research and development and $400 billion for new federal procurement of products made inside the US. He praised the middle class and working families. He attacked Wall Street bankers, CEOs, the wealthy investor class, and shareholder capitalism. Aside from the flag-waving stuff, he sounded a lot like Bernie Sanders. Biden said, QUOTE You know who built the middle class? Unions built the middle class ENDQUOTE. Trump campaign aides were both surprised and annoyed by Biden’s new focus on American- made products. According to the Washington Post, Trump’s people were preparing to roll out their own Buy American campaign before Biden beat them to the punch. And they point out that Biden supported free-trade agreements that are now widely unpopular among members of both major parties, both during his time in Congress in the 90s and as vice president in the Obama administration. But with record unemployment, a looming wave of evictions, and all the other signs of economic disaster, who besides members of the Trump cult can believe that he will really turn things around with another four years in office? TikTok Teens Target Trump The TikTok kids mean business. And they’ve claimed another victory. This time, users of the short-video social network flooded the Trump 2020 campaign’s official campaign app with negative reviews. Allow us to quote some of them here: Disgusting – don’t download. Total trash. Scarred for life. Do not download – dog held hostage. Thanks for killing grandma, Trump. This app ruined my life. Absolutely horrible. Worst app ever in history. You get the idea. As Bloomberg News reported, TikTok fans left the bad reviews as a means of retaliation. Trump threatened to ban the app. TikTok is owned by a Chinese company, and hugely popular with American teens. One 19-year-old user in California told Bloomberg, QUOTE If you’re going to mess with us, we will mess with you ENDQUOTE. Okay then! AND NOW FOR SOME QUICKER QUICKIES: In another ruling yesterday, the US Supreme Court decided that Trump’s tax returns must be released to prosecutors in New York. However, the Court decided that Congress, which also wanted access to Trump’s financial records, will have to wait. Some political observers called it a win for Trump, however, bottom line, the Court rejected Trump’s claim of blanket immunity during his tenure as president. According to the Associated Press, federal authorities feared that Ghislaine (GILL- AYNE) Maxwell might kill herself while in custody, in much the same manner as her alleged accomplice, the late Jeffrey Epstein. Maxwell was arrested last week in New Hampshire. Per the AP, she is now confined at the Metropolitan Detention Center in Brooklyn, with federal guards from outside the Bureau of Prisons. One in seven state lawmakers in Mississippi has the coronavirus, according to PBS Newshour. It’s the largest outbreak in any elected body in the US. Although many Republicans with a national profile, like Mike Pence, have taken to wearing masks, it has reportedly been rare to see a Mississippi legislator from either party wearing a mask. Now at least twenty-six members have tested positive, though none have yet been hospitalized. Palantir (PAL-ANN-TEER), the super-creepy surveillance startup founded by Silicon Valley investor Peter Thiel (TEEL), wants to go public. The Wall Street Journal says the company has filed paperwork with the Securities and Exchange Commission to begin the process of selling shares publicly. The company is deeply involved with Trump’s deportation machine. And it’s worth pointing out that for many Silicon Valley companies, an initial public offering is not a sign of success, but rather, the final toss of a hot potato. July 10, 2020 - AM Quickie HOSTS - Sam Seder & Lucie Steiner WRITER - Corey Pein PRODUCER - Dorsey Shaw EXECUTIVE PRODUCER - Brendan Finn

#GetOnCode - Part two of the discussion how some of the leaders Federally Recognized Indian Tribes of OUR Indian family conduct Birthright Theft & Institutional Racism Being Practiced on those of us who can be identified as Black Americans. #FlyFolk #SekoVarner and Chef. Ponder chat with #Moorish Science Temple of America's Frederick Jones El teaches US on the problems caused by OUR #NativeAmericans family in the Pumunkey Nation, the Creek Nation, and the Muscogee Creek Nation on US. Join US in the lesson, and participate with yOUR questions. #TheFlyGuysShow --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/get-on-code/message

#GetOnCode - The Indian Problem -Birthright Theft & Institutional Racism Being Practiced on So-called Black Americans By Federally Recognized Indian Tribes. #FlyFolk #SekoVarner and #SamsCorner chat with #Moorish Science Temple of America's Frederick Jones El teaches US on the problems caused by OUR #NativeAmericans family in the Pumunkey Nation, the Creek Nation, and the Muscogee Creek Nation on US. Click the link below to access the information presented in this discussion. #TheFlyGuysShow LINKS FOR THIS PRESENTATION: https://blackimprovement.blogspot.com/2020/05/the-indian-problem-american-indians-do.html Frederick Jones El can be found here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKoF... Sam Varner is a financial professional with great online advice: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaCG... Seko Varner is an educator, an entertainer, a licensed life, health, and annuities representative, and an agent of myEcon, an online financial support firm. myEcon a 15 yr old, debt free company that give people the financial blueprint and tools to generate enough cash-flow and assets during their working years, to support and maintain their desired lifestyle during retirement years. Lean how to invest your spare change to make a change in your life with Acorns: https://www.acorns.com/invite?code=zd... Reduce your student loan interest rate: https://www.earnest.com/invite/seko Invest in stocks easily with STASH: https://get.stashinvest.com/sekosq72j --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/get-on-code/message

Do reservations of the Five Tribes still exist in Oklahoma? The U.S. Supreme Court will decide after hearing a case this week. And conflict continues between the governor and the state Legislature. Will it end with vetoes or a final agreement between both sides?

Do reservations of the Five Tribes still exist in Oklahoma? The U.S. Supreme Court will decide after hearing a case this week. And conflict continues between the governor and the state Legislature. Will it end with vetoes or a final agreement between both sides? See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The Supreme Court issued six opinions the week of April 20, including one that got at the issue of precedent. It's a hot topic for court watchers, especially with an abortion rights case from Louisiana still to be decided. Cases and Controversies hosts Kimberly Robinson and Jordan Rubin unpack the ruling in Ramos v. Louisiana. It was a stare decisis throwdown in which Justice Elena Kagan joined some of her Republican-appointed colleagues in dissent, prompting speculation about why she did so. The hosts also recap the other opinions that included interesting vote lineups among the justices. And Kimberly and Jordan speak with Riyaz Kanji, who next month will argue for his clients, the Creek Nation, in a telephonic oral argument in the case of McGirt v. Oklahoma. That dispute calls into question the status of tribal reservations in the eastern half of the Sooner state. Kanji explains why he believes claims by Oklahoma officials of a crisis if the justices side with the Creek Nation are overblown.

The U.S. Supreme Court case McGirt v. Oklahoma could decide whether 3 million acres in eastern Oklahoma still comprise the Creek Nation’s reservation. Professor Lindsay Robertson ’86 of the University of Oklahoma discusses the case and its broader implications for Native American land rights. (University of Virginia School of Law, March 3, 2020)

Trenton Kissee joins the FM podcast to discuss the history of agriculture in the Creek Nation and how they were members of the original SEC conference.

This week we keep moving due south and head into the state of Georgia. On our journeys we're exploring 2 stories inspired and first introduced by the Creek Nation that involves a scary dog beast and another aquatic ambassador. Make sure to give this weeks show a listen to see how Native American lore can sometimes intersect with potentially real creatures. Social Media Goodness:Twitter - @MNFPodInstagram - @monstersnfriendsFacebook - www.StraightUpStrange.com (http://www.StraightUpStrange.com)

Travelers who passed through the Creek Nation between 1820 and 1830 left some descriptions of the Taverns and Inns. Peter Brannon used notes and statistical data to write a story about them.The Kendall Lewis tavern was on the Federal Road from 1815 to 1828. It as located about 400 yards West and on the left side of the road from Fort Brainbridge. Become a part of our community - be a patron Alabama Pioneers comments - info@alabamapioneers.com

Today we sit down and talk about the Creek Nation, The Battle of Horsebend, and the Indian Removal Act. 

On November 27, 2018, the Supreme Court heard argument in Carpenter v. Murphy, a case considering the 1866 territorial boundaries of the Creek Nations and Indian country jurisdiction. In 1999, Patrick Murphy, a member of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation confessed to the killing of George Jacobs. The State of Oklahoma charged him with murder and he was convicted in state court, receiving the death penalty. In 2004, Murphy sought post-conviction relief in federal district court, arguing that the Oklahoma state courts had lacked jurisdiction because the federal Major Crimes Act requires that a member of an Indian Nation alleged to have committed murder in Indian territory be tried in federal court. The Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals rejected this argument, concluding Murphy had not shown that the site of the murder fell within Indian territory.Murphy thereafter sought habeas relief in federal district court, again raising his jurisdictional challenge (among other claims). The district court rejected his argument, but granted a certificate of appealability on the issue. On appeal, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit ruled in Murphy’s favor. Noting the parties’ agreement that the murder occurred within the Creek Reservation if Congress had not disestablished it or diminished its borders, the Court--invoking the Supreme Court’s 1984 decision Solem v. Bartlett--concluded that Congress had not done so. As a result, the Oklahoma courts lacked jurisdiction to charge and try Murphy for murder. Chief Judge Tymkovich, concurring in the denial of Oklahoma’s motion for rehearing en banc, however, suggested the case would benefit from Supreme Court review. He noted, among other things, that “the boundaries of the Creek Reservation outlined by the panel opinion encompass a substantial non-Indian population, including much of the city of Tulsa; and Oklahoma claims the decision will have dramatic consequences for taxation, regulation, and law enforcement.” The Supreme Court subsequently granted certiorari to consider whether the 1866 territorial boundaries of the Creek Nation within the former Indian Territory of eastern Oklahoma constitute an “Indian reservation” today under 18 U.S.C. § 1151(a).To discuss the case, we have Troy Eid, Shareholder at Greenberg Traurig.

On November 27, 2018, the Supreme Court heard argument in Carpenter v. Murphy, a case considering the 1866 territorial boundaries of the Creek Nations and Indian country jurisdiction. In 1999, Patrick Murphy, a member of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation confessed to the killing of George Jacobs. The State of Oklahoma charged him with murder and he was convicted in state court, receiving the death penalty. In 2004, Murphy sought post-conviction relief in federal district court, arguing that the Oklahoma state courts had lacked jurisdiction because the federal Major Crimes Act requires that a member of an Indian Nation alleged to have committed murder in Indian territory be tried in federal court. The Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals rejected this argument, concluding Murphy had not shown that the site of the murder fell within Indian territory.Murphy thereafter sought habeas relief in federal district court, again raising his jurisdictional challenge (among other claims). The district court rejected his argument, but granted a certificate of appealability on the issue. On appeal, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit ruled in Murphy’s favor. Noting the parties’ agreement that the murder occurred within the Creek Reservation if Congress had not disestablished it or diminished its borders, the Court--invoking the Supreme Court’s 1984 decision Solem v. Bartlett--concluded that Congress had not done so. As a result, the Oklahoma courts lacked jurisdiction to charge and try Murphy for murder. Chief Judge Tymkovich, concurring in the denial of Oklahoma’s motion for rehearing en banc, however, suggested the case would benefit from Supreme Court review. He noted, among other things, that “the boundaries of the Creek Reservation outlined by the panel opinion encompass a substantial non-Indian population, including much of the city of Tulsa; and Oklahoma claims the decision will have dramatic consequences for taxation, regulation, and law enforcement.” The Supreme Court subsequently granted certiorari to consider whether the 1866 territorial boundaries of the Creek Nation within the former Indian Territory of eastern Oklahoma constitute an “Indian reservation” today under 18 U.S.C. § 1151(a).To discuss the case, we have Troy Eid, Shareholder at Greenberg Traurig.

*This week's show was recorded before Friday's filings concerning Paul Manafort and Michael Cohen, but the merits of the discussion stand. Mimi Rocah, a former federal prosecutor in the Southern District of New York, now a Criminal Justice Fellow at Pace Law School draws out the themes of the Mueller investigation. Plus Dahlia Lithwick is joined by Riyaz Kanji, an attorney for the Creek Nation, to explore the fascinating questions and disgraceful history involved in Carpenter v Murphy,  a case argued by Kanji before the Supreme Court last week. The case started with a murder and now involves questions of sovereignty over 3 million acres in Oklahoma.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

*This week's show was recorded before Friday's filings concerning Paul Manafort and Michael Cohen, but the merits of the discussion stand. Mimi Rocah, a former federal prosecutor in the Southern District of New York, now a Criminal Justice Fellow at Pace Law School draws out the themes of the Mueller investigation. Plus Dahlia Lithwick is joined by Riyaz Kanji, an attorney for the Creek Nation, to explore the fascinating questions and disgraceful history involved in Carpenter v Murphy,  a case argued by Kanji before the Supreme Court last week. The case started with a murder and now involves questions of sovereignty over 3 million acres in Oklahoma. This episode is brought to you by The Great Courses Plus. Enjoy a free month and start learning today at thegreatcoursesplus.com/amicus. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students. Last time on the show... George Washington John Adams   Today we discuss “The Early Republic”.   Let’s dive in. Which Candidate would you have voted for, why?   The election of 1800 1st - Ricky-the Election of 1800 was a cruel, and partisian time filled with bitterness and hate. The gist of the Election was that Thomas jefferson had been ‘waging war’ so to speak against John adams. Each had different views on America even though they were friends Thomas Jefferson was Democrat/Republican and John adams was federalist. 2nd - Gabe - There was some major conflict in america in 1800 because with the Federalist leaning toward Britain and the Democratic/republic leaning More Toward the French many thought the federalist were trying to bring back more of a monarchy. 3rd -  Ben- These bitter rivals fighting over how the States should be governed, but both representing different points of views. The alien and sedition acts were also still a problem during this time, and alexander hamilton wrote a 54 page long letter criticising adam and all his flaws, which mustve been many flaws if it was 54 pages. Soon after, the entire letter was published, which really damaged the federalists. Duing the voting of who would be president, it was a total tie, with 65 electoral votes on each side, but once south carolina turned it their votes, it revealed that jefferson had won the election. 4th - Ethan - There was a foreign policy debate based on an appropriate response to the French revolution. The democratic-republicans were sympathetic to the French. Note to self Thomas Jefferson was a Democratic Republican and John Adams was a federalist. 5th - Hunter - The United States presidential election of 1800 was the fourth United States election. It was held from Friday, October 31 to Wednesday December 3. The election was between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson it was a hard-fought campaign. 6th - Blake -The election of 1800 pitted two rivals of different parties against each other. Former Vice President and current President John Adams and wealthy Virginia farmer Thomas Jefferson were the two candidates of this hostile election. 7th - Skylar - The election of 1800 was a fight against Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. It was basically an argument about two different views and opinions for the United States. This election was one of the most bitter elections in US history.   Jefferson's presidency and the turn of the nineteenth century In your opinion what was the most important thing Jefferson did? 1st - Gabe - Thomas Jefferson was the writer of the declaration of independence He was a Democratic/Republican not a Federalist he ran against john adams and Won in 1800 before that he was a secretary under george washington and vice President for John adams. 2nd - Ethan - Jefferson was the 3rd president of the US. He served 2 terms from 1801-1809. Jefferson had to deal with some difficult challenges with authority. Piracy on the Barbary Coast of Northern Africa and British impressment.  This made Jefferson instate a massive ban on European goods. This was called the Embargo Act of 1807. Jefferson was born in Virginia. He was the first US Secretary of State. 3rd -  Ben- Jefferson authorized the louisiana purchase during this time, really helping the united states gain some more land and territory. When jefferson became president, he focused on reducing the national debt that america had, from 83 million to 57 million, he did this by reducing the size of the navy. 4th - Hunter -  Adams and Jefferson represented two different visions of what the United States of America should look like. Whereas Adams and his fellow federalists, including George Washington, envisioned a strong central government and a thriving manufacturing sector centered in the cities, Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans espoused an agrarian ideal, rooted in the republicans virtues of the independent small farmer. The election of 1800 was fiercely contested and facilitated the rise of the two-party system and bitter partisanship. 5th - Blake - The aftermath of the 1800 election which resulted in Thomas Jefferson being elected for two terms. Jefferson’s first act as President was to attempt to minimize national debt, which he was able to lower by almost 50%. 6th - Skylar - Jefferson was the 3rd presidency and served as the United States for 8 years, 1801-1809.  He dealt with piracy along the Barbary Coast of North Africa.  Also the British which ended in Jefferson having to make the Embargo Act of 1807.  Jefferson also made the Louisiana Purchase during this time and made the US move farther west. The Barbary Coast is in north africa along Morocco, Libya, Tunisia, and Algeria. It’s so important because it was a big call for Thomas Jefferson because he was only the second President, he didn’t have anyone to look back on and say, he would’ve done this or that. 7th ricky- Adams and jefferson as Hunter said “represented Two different visions” and for this they were enemies. The Louisiana Purchase and its exploration What did the Purchase do? Why do you think it was so cheap. 1st - Ethan - The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the US, which reshaped the environmental and economic stance of the country. He was the president that confronted the fact that he didn’t have the power to do it but he did it anyway. He got 2 men to explore the new territory. These 2 men were Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. 2nd - Ben- The louisiana purchase was a treaty made with france in 1803, stating that america was buying the state of louisiana for a whopping 15 million. It bought the land from the rocky mountains to the mississippi river, and from the gulf of mexico to canada, expanding the territory of the united states by a lot. 3rd - Hunter - Though the Louisiana territory had changed hands between France and Spain a number of times, in 1800 Spain ceded the territory to Napoleon’s France. Napoleon, whose attention was consumed by war in Europe, began to view the territory as a needless burden. 1803, he volunteered to sell all 828,000 square miles to the United States for the bargain price of $15 million. 4th -  Gabe - Once Jefferson bought the Louisiana Purchase it increased his chance of being reelected by all but 14 votes. Even tho there was a lot of criticism from the northern states about there being to many slave states but he passed it anyway. 5th - Blake - At the time of the Louisiana Purchase President Thomas Jefferson didn’t even know if it was constitutional. During the years of the Louisiana Territory being passed around by France and Spain it was mostly inhabited by various Native American tribes. Altogether there was about 828,000 square miles of land in the entire territory which sold for 3 cents an acre adding up to about 315,000,000 in today’s money. 6th - Skylar - The Louisiana purchase was a purchase Thomas Jefferson and The United States made like Ethan said.  It doubled the size of the United States an added land from the Rocky Mountains to the Gulf of Mexico like Ben stated.  William Clark and Meriwether Lewis explored this new unknown territory. 7th - the louisiana purchase helped the french tremendously, napoleon, the french emperor, was in desperate need of funds at the time. Because of this france had no choice but to accept. This payed for a lot of military funds in the french take over of europe. Lewis and Clark Expedition            1st -  BEN- The lewis and clark expedition was from may 1804- september 1806, it was       also called the Corps of discovery expedition. It was a selected group of US army volunteers, led Meriwether Lewis and his good friend Second Lieutenant William Clark. They were hired to explore the newly bought territory that america got during the louisiana purchase. 2nd - Ethan - Lewis and Clark were hired by Jefferson to explore the land west of the Mississippi River. The expedition lasted 4 years. The were aided in their investigation by a local indian woman named Sacagawea. She knew the tribes and land so she help immensely. 3rd - Hunter - By the end of the expedition, Lewis and Clark found and categorized 122 new animals and 178 plants, mapped the geography, and achieved friendlier relations with the natives. How ever they did not find an all water route to the Pacific Ocean. 4th - gabe - As Lewis and Clark went up the mississippi river gnats and mosquitos swarmed them. They killed many animals including: elk,grizzly bears, and buffalo. One of the explorers actually had been bitten by a rattlesnake and survived. They documented flora and fauna and lewis being very curious had  even eaten some minerals and had become very sick. 5th - Blake - After the Louisiana Purchase Thomas Jefferson had newly bought land that was undiscovered so Jefferson granted an expedition. Jefferson selected two Army volunteers to lead the expedition Captain Meriwether Lewis and Second Lieutenant William Clark. One of the many animals they discovered was the prairie dog which they captured by pouring buckets of water down each hole and flooding them out. 6th - Skylar - The lewis and clark expedition was basically two normal guys just exploring new territory that the US bought. The found tons of things like the rocky mountains, new plants, and animals like hunter said, and many other things.  While on this expedition the found a girl named sacagawea Hidatsa villages who was pregnant at the time and had to endure a lot of pain walking through the Rocky mountains while i was riding through these mountains i seen very fit people struggling to walk through these mountains so i couldnt even imagine walking through with an extra 15-20 pounds. 7th Ricky- The lewis and clark expedition was a long and perilous journey through the recently purchased Louisiana Purchase. In the end it prospered. Along the way they met sacagawea, an indian whose parents were Smoked lodge, and Otter Woman (hey I didn’t name them). Sacagawea was lewis and clark’s translator and guide. Unfortunately She died shortly after the expedition.   The War of 1812 -   1st - Ben- The war of 1812 lasted from June 18, 1812- February 12, 1815. There was a lot of conflict deciding if they should go to war or not, but the biggest group, the “War Hawks” led by Henry Clay said that they shouldn't tolerate such insults from britain. Most federalists didn’t want a war, they thought it would stop important trade that northern america depended on. 2nd - Ethan - They fought over the issues in relations between the US and Britain. The British allied themselves with the  northwestern indians. Federalists opposed the war. 3rd -  Hunter - The war of was a military conflict that lasted actually from June 18, 1812, to February 18, 1815, fought by the United States of America and the United Kingdom, its North American colonies, and its North American indian allies. 4th - GABE - the war of 1812 definitely taught the indians  in the Battle of Horseshoe bend Andrew Jackson destroyed all military capabilities of the Creek Nation. Andrew wanted to clear land for the US settlements they killed 15% of the Creek Nations population. The creek had to give up 23 million acres of land and had to never join sides with the Spanish or British against the Americans again when they signed the treaty of Fort Jackson. 5th - Blake - The War of 1812 was a armed conflict from 1812 to 1815. The combatants of this war were The United States, Great Britain and American Indians. The US and Great Britain were definitely not on great terms after the American Revolution. The british had friends within the Native American tribes and they weren’t on great terms with the US either as settlers had been pushing for more westward expansion. 6th - Skylar - The war of 1812 lasted from June 18, 1812, to february 18, 1815.  This war was fought because of issues between the US and Britian even after the revolutionary War had ended.   The issues were things like trade restrictions, American sailors and other things that was not any of Britians business. 7th - the war of 1812 was a conflict in which ended 1815. What surprises me the most is that no one mention the national anthem which was created during the war of 1812. The Monroe Doctrine What did the Monroe Doctrine do? Was it effective in your opinion? 1st - Ben- The Monroe Doctrine was a speech, or well, a part of a speech, the speech was given in 1823 by president James monroe, here is what it says, “We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and those powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system (They were talking about britains system of government, monarchy) to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power, we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintained it, and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States.” It was basically declaring americas overall freedom, that britain couldnt interfere in anything or put british colonies on their land. 2nd - Ethan - The Monroe Doctrine was a US way of opposing Europe colonizing the Americas. It was established in 1823. It told us that European nations could not colonize the Americas would be considered “The manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the US”. 3rd - Hunter - The Monroe Doctrine was a U.S. foreign policy regarding European countries in 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as act of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention. 4th - Blake - The Monroe Doctrine a letter to the entirety of Europe saying hey keep out. The only problem was that the US didn’t have much power at the time so countries really wondered if the US would be able to uphold that statement. 5th - Gabe - Since the US didn't have a navy or army when they wrote this It was discarded largely by the other nations. Australia said it was just another way for an American revolt , but for britain they accepted the doctrine. 6th - Skylar - James Monroe wrote the Monroe Doctrine in the year of 1823.  Monroe told the “Crowned Heads” of Europe to stay out of the Americas.  He also said the era of colanization is over.  Monroe did not want Europe to know anything about the Americas. The crowned heads were the kings and queens of Europe, higher up, and pretty much knew and thought they were better than anyone. This was only a phase to describe monarchs. 7th - Ricky- in all seriousness, the monroe document was a, as blake puts it “keep out” signal for other countries to not dare colonize/attack or they would regret it. Today, would it wouldn’t be that bold of a statement, but the difference was that it was done in the 1800s when america was young. That’s all we have time for today. Thanks for joining us in this emancipation from the box, that is learning.

Welcome back to The Emancipation Podcast Station - the place to hear about history researched and retold through the eyes of Middle school and HS students. Last time on the show... George Washington John Adams   Today we discuss “The Early Republic”.   Let’s dive in. Which Candidate would you have voted for, why?   The election of 1800 1st - Ricky-the Election of 1800 was a cruel, and partisian time filled with bitterness and hate. The gist of the Election was that Thomas jefferson had been ‘waging war’ so to speak against John adams. Each had different views on America even though they were friends Thomas Jefferson was Democrat/Republican and John adams was federalist. 2nd - Gabe - There was some major conflict in america in 1800 because with the Federalist leaning toward Britain and the Democratic/republic leaning More Toward the French many thought the federalist were trying to bring back more of a monarchy. 3rd -  Ben- These bitter rivals fighting over how the States should be governed, but both representing different points of views. The alien and sedition acts were also still a problem during this time, and alexander hamilton wrote a 54 page long letter criticising adam and all his flaws, which mustve been many flaws if it was 54 pages. Soon after, the entire letter was published, which really damaged the federalists. Duing the voting of who would be president, it was a total tie, with 65 electoral votes on each side, but once south carolina turned it their votes, it revealed that jefferson had won the election. 4th - Ethan - There was a foreign policy debate based on an appropriate response to the French revolution. The democratic-republicans were sympathetic to the French. Note to self Thomas Jefferson was a Democratic Republican and John Adams was a federalist. 5th - Hunter - The United States presidential election of 1800 was the fourth United States election. It was held from Friday, October 31 to Wednesday December 3. The election was between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson it was a hard-fought campaign. 6th - Blake -The election of 1800 pitted two rivals of different parties against each other. Former Vice President and current President John Adams and wealthy Virginia farmer Thomas Jefferson were the two candidates of this hostile election. 7th - Skylar - The election of 1800 was a fight against Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. It was basically an argument about two different views and opinions for the United States. This election was one of the most bitter elections in US history.   Jefferson's presidency and the turn of the nineteenth century In your opinion what was the most important thing Jefferson did? 1st - Gabe - Thomas Jefferson was the writer of the declaration of independence He was a Democratic/Republican not a Federalist he ran against john adams and Won in 1800 before that he was a secretary under george washington and vice President for John adams. 2nd - Ethan - Jefferson was the 3rd president of the US. He served 2 terms from 1801-1809. Jefferson had to deal with some difficult challenges with authority. Piracy on the Barbary Coast of Northern Africa and British impressment.  This made Jefferson instate a massive ban on European goods. This was called the Embargo Act of 1807. Jefferson was born in Virginia. He was the first US Secretary of State. 3rd -  Ben- Jefferson authorized the louisiana purchase during this time, really helping the united states gain some more land and territory. When jefferson became president, he focused on reducing the national debt that america had, from 83 million to 57 million, he did this by reducing the size of the navy. 4th - Hunter -  Adams and Jefferson represented two different visions of what the United States of America should look like. Whereas Adams and his fellow federalists, including George Washington, envisioned a strong central government and a thriving manufacturing sector centered in the cities, Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans espoused an agrarian ideal, rooted in the republicans virtues of the independent small farmer. The election of 1800 was fiercely contested and facilitated the rise of the two-party system and bitter partisanship. 5th - Blake - The aftermath of the 1800 election which resulted in Thomas Jefferson being elected for two terms. Jefferson’s first act as President was to attempt to minimize national debt, which he was able to lower by almost 50%. 6th - Skylar - Jefferson was the 3rd presidency and served as the United States for 8 years, 1801-1809.  He dealt with piracy along the Barbary Coast of North Africa.  Also the British which ended in Jefferson having to make the Embargo Act of 1807.  Jefferson also made the Louisiana Purchase during this time and made the US move farther west. The Barbary Coast is in north africa along Morocco, Libya, Tunisia, and Algeria. It’s so important because it was a big call for Thomas Jefferson because he was only the second President, he didn’t have anyone to look back on and say, he would’ve done this or that. 7th ricky- Adams and jefferson as Hunter said “represented Two different visions” and for this they were enemies. The Louisiana Purchase and its exploration What did the Purchase do? Why do you think it was so cheap. 1st - Ethan - The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the US, which reshaped the environmental and economic stance of the country. He was the president that confronted the fact that he didn’t have the power to do it but he did it anyway. He got 2 men to explore the new territory. These 2 men were Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. 2nd - Ben- The louisiana purchase was a treaty made with france in 1803, stating that america was buying the state of louisiana for a whopping 15 million. It bought the land from the rocky mountains to the mississippi river, and from the gulf of mexico to canada, expanding the territory of the united states by a lot. 3rd - Hunter - Though the Louisiana territory had changed hands between France and Spain a number of times, in 1800 Spain ceded the territory to Napoleon’s France. Napoleon, whose attention was consumed by war in Europe, began to view the territory as a needless burden. 1803, he volunteered to sell all 828,000 square miles to the United States for the bargain price of $15 million. 4th -  Gabe - Once Jefferson bought the Louisiana Purchase it increased his chance of being reelected by all but 14 votes. Even tho there was a lot of criticism from the northern states about there being to many slave states but he passed it anyway. 5th - Blake - At the time of the Louisiana Purchase President Thomas Jefferson didn’t even know if it was constitutional. During the years of the Louisiana Territory being passed around by France and Spain it was mostly inhabited by various Native American tribes. Altogether there was about 828,000 square miles of land in the entire territory which sold for 3 cents an acre adding up to about 315,000,000 in today’s money. 6th - Skylar - The Louisiana purchase was a purchase Thomas Jefferson and The United States made like Ethan said.  It doubled the size of the United States an added land from the Rocky Mountains to the Gulf of Mexico like Ben stated.  William Clark and Meriwether Lewis explored this new unknown territory. 7th - the louisiana purchase helped the french tremendously, napoleon, the french emperor, was in desperate need of funds at the time. Because of this france had no choice but to accept. This payed for a lot of military funds in the french take over of europe. Lewis and Clark Expedition            1st -  BEN- The lewis and clark expedition was from may 1804- september 1806, it was       also called the Corps of discovery expedition. It was a selected group of US army volunteers, led Meriwether Lewis and his good friend Second Lieutenant William Clark. They were hired to explore the newly bought territory that america got during the louisiana purchase. 2nd - Ethan - Lewis and Clark were hired by Jefferson to explore the land west of the Mississippi River. The expedition lasted 4 years. The were aided in their investigation by a local indian woman named Sacagawea. She knew the tribes and land so she help immensely. 3rd - Hunter - By the end of the expedition, Lewis and Clark found and categorized 122 new animals and 178 plants, mapped the geography, and achieved friendlier relations with the natives. How ever they did not find an all water route to the Pacific Ocean. 4th - gabe - As Lewis and Clark went up the mississippi river gnats and mosquitos swarmed them. They killed many animals including: elk,grizzly bears, and buffalo. One of the explorers actually had been bitten by a rattlesnake and survived. They documented flora and fauna and lewis being very curious had  even eaten some minerals and had become very sick. 5th - Blake - After the Louisiana Purchase Thomas Jefferson had newly bought land that was undiscovered so Jefferson granted an expedition. Jefferson selected two Army volunteers to lead the expedition Captain Meriwether Lewis and Second Lieutenant William Clark. One of the many animals they discovered was the prairie dog which they captured by pouring buckets of water down each hole and flooding them out. 6th - Skylar - The lewis and clark expedition was basically two normal guys just exploring new territory that the US bought. The found tons of things like the rocky mountains, new plants, and animals like hunter said, and many other things.  While on this expedition the found a girl named sacagawea Hidatsa villages who was pregnant at the time and had to endure a lot of pain walking through the Rocky mountains while i was riding through these mountains i seen very fit people struggling to walk through these mountains so i couldnt even imagine walking through with an extra 15-20 pounds. 7th Ricky- The lewis and clark expedition was a long and perilous journey through the recently purchased Louisiana Purchase. In the end it prospered. Along the way they met sacagawea, an indian whose parents were Smoked lodge, and Otter Woman (hey I didn’t name them). Sacagawea was lewis and clark’s translator and guide. Unfortunately She died shortly after the expedition.   The War of 1812 -   1st - Ben- The war of 1812 lasted from June 18, 1812- February 12, 1815. There was a lot of conflict deciding if they should go to war or not, but the biggest group, the “War Hawks” led by Henry Clay said that they shouldn't tolerate such insults from britain. Most federalists didn’t want a war, they thought it would stop important trade that northern america depended on. 2nd - Ethan - They fought over the issues in relations between the US and Britain. The British allied themselves with the  northwestern indians. Federalists opposed the war. 3rd -  Hunter - The war of was a military conflict that lasted actually from June 18, 1812, to February 18, 1815, fought by the United States of America and the United Kingdom, its North American colonies, and its North American indian allies. 4th - GABE - the war of 1812 definitely taught the indians  in the Battle of Horseshoe bend Andrew Jackson destroyed all military capabilities of the Creek Nation. Andrew wanted to clear land for the US settlements they killed 15% of the Creek Nations population. The creek had to give up 23 million acres of land and had to never join sides with the Spanish or British against the Americans again when they signed the treaty of Fort Jackson. 5th - Blake - The War of 1812 was a armed conflict from 1812 to 1815. The combatants of this war were The United States, Great Britain and American Indians. The US and Great Britain were definitely not on great terms after the American Revolution. The british had friends within the Native American tribes and they weren’t on great terms with the US either as settlers had been pushing for more westward expansion. 6th - Skylar - The war of 1812 lasted from June 18, 1812, to february 18, 1815.  This war was fought because of issues between the US and Britian even after the revolutionary War had ended.   The issues were things like trade restrictions, American sailors and other things that was not any of Britians business. 7th - the war of 1812 was a conflict in which ended 1815. What surprises me the most is that no one mention the national anthem which was created during the war of 1812. The Monroe Doctrine What did the Monroe Doctrine do? Was it effective in your opinion? 1st - Ben- The Monroe Doctrine was a speech, or well, a part of a speech, the speech was given in 1823 by president James monroe, here is what it says, “We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and those powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system (They were talking about britains system of government, monarchy) to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power, we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintained it, and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States.” It was basically declaring americas overall freedom, that britain couldnt interfere in anything or put british colonies on their land. 2nd - Ethan - The Monroe Doctrine was a US way of opposing Europe colonizing the Americas. It was established in 1823. It told us that European nations could not colonize the Americas would be considered “The manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the US”. 3rd - Hunter - The Monroe Doctrine was a U.S. foreign policy regarding European countries in 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as act of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention. 4th - Blake - The Monroe Doctrine a letter to the entirety of Europe saying hey keep out. The only problem was that the US didn’t have much power at the time so countries really wondered if the US would be able to uphold that statement. 5th - Gabe - Since the US didn't have a navy or army when they wrote this It was discarded largely by the other nations. Australia said it was just another way for an American revolt , but for britain they accepted the doctrine. 6th - Skylar - James Monroe wrote the Monroe Doctrine in the year of 1823.  Monroe told the “Crowned Heads” of Europe to stay out of the Americas.  He also said the era of colanization is over.  Monroe did not want Europe to know anything about the Americas. The crowned heads were the kings and queens of Europe, higher up, and pretty much knew and thought they were better than anyone. This was only a phase to describe monarchs. 7th - Ricky- in all seriousness, the monroe document was a, as blake puts it “keep out” signal for other countries to not dare colonize/attack or they would regret it. Today, would it wouldn’t be that bold of a statement, but the difference was that it was done in the 1800s when america was young. That’s all we have time for today. Thanks for joining us in this emancipation from the box, that is learning.

Its been an awesome year to enjoy connecting with new cousins and DNA findings. With the advent of DNA applications to genealogy we will end the new year by revisiting 2016 interviews and discussing new findings through the Facebook group Redbone & Melunegeon DNA Truthers Study group. We will update the Goins Book, and announce planning for a Redbone gathering in Leesville, Vernon Parish La. A reunion in April or May in Leesville, Vernon Parish La. where the Glass window settlement was located and the enfamouse Rawhide Fight took place. Preparing for an intensive Perkins research group and subsequent book. Plus we will update you on all the new Backintyme Publishings from 2016,including Belles of the Creek Nation, Cherokee Paradox and Alabama Tribes by Scott Sewell as well as Margo WIlliams, From Hill Town to Strieby & the updated republish of the Redbone Chronicles. We invite all cousins who have made ties through DNA to join us and introduce your families, and ties to one another. We will be discussing autosomal results of the Redbones, Melungeons and other remnant Indian groups of early American history. We hope you can join us this New Years Eve from 4pm CST to 6pm CST Just follow the guest call in instructions to comment or speak with the host and cohosts.

Join us for a fabulous New Years Day episode. We have invited Scott Hodalee Sewell to join us and discuss his newest publishing, Belles of the Creek Nation and upcoming title Voices. Scott is a Mixed Blood Indian and has writen extensively on the Creek Muscogee and Dominicker peoples along with indepth looks into tribal affiliations, spirituality and personal identity. He is a modern day activists among the clan families and sacred ceremonial grounds. Scott is currently working on his newest book titled Voices, where he has collected the memories and experiences of elders and spiritual leaders. You can find these titles and many others from Backintyme Publishing at our Amazon listing here, Backintyme Publishing Margo Williams will join us, author of 2011 Miles Lassiter (circa 1777-1850): An Early African-American Quaker from Lassiter Mill, Randolph County, North Carolina: My Research Journey to Home. His story illuminates the unfolding of the 19th-century color line into the 20th. And, Introducing her soon to be released Hilltown to Strieby. Margo, a former editor of the Journal of the Afro-American Historical and Genealogical Society, and through her private research company, Personal Prologue. Backintyme is very excited to also have Margo as the newest editor at Backintyme and we hope you will enjoy her new title soon to be released. Lars Adams will join us also and host the show. Lars is  a writer, author, historican and independent researcher. Lars has reviewed Belles of the Creek Nation and is scheduled his new book Breaking the House of Pamunkey will soon be released by Backintyme Publishing. Miles will join us and introduce his new book and it's historical signifigance to the Pamunkey and other Mixed Blood Indian descendants.

Watch for updates, Subject to change. Open MIC Sunday, this Thanksgiving Weekend. We will be having an open mic call in and sound off, or make comments, discussing webblog postings, new research findings, DNA, or solicit queries or connections. *The Black and White World of Core Melungeon Y-DNA study. I have decided to make a few comments and save this topic for a better oportunity to elaborate and take call in. I have invited Jack Goins, but last hour I have had no response. Scott Sewell will join us to tell us all about his upcoming book, THe Belle's of The Creek Nation!  A new publication from Backintyme.biz by Scott Sewell.  An intriquing family saga of Muscogee Creek Doyle and Hill Families, some who attended the Asbury Missionary Institution near Ft Mitchell Creek Nation. The Poarch Creek Band, The Dominikers, Lumbee & Creek Indians. Very exciting new book with lots of genealogy, pictures, original artwork,  and documentation! Some of the families migrated to Texas and then onto self migrate to the Creek Nation, Indian Territory. Sewell is the coauthor of Indians of North Florida by Backintyme.biz as well as a member of the Melungeon Heritage Association. Scott cowrote with Cousin Steven Pony "Hill" author of Backintyme's Stanger's in Their Own Land. Where they chase the history and migrations of the Cheraw Indians from Robeson Co., NC, and the Creek Indians from Union Co., SC. Sewell and Hill document how these people found their home in North Florida's Calhoun, Jackson and Holmes Counties and became known as the Dominikers. Including the Goins, Collins, as well as Lumbee connections to the Oxedines and Revels and the Redbone associated Sweat Families. www.backintyme.biz  

Guests are Hickory Ground Warrior Wayland Gray, Suzan Shown Harjo of Morning Star Institute, Rob Trepp of Tulsa Indian Art Festival.  The Poarch Band Creek of Indians desecrated a sacred site.  The Poarch Band has a $246 million casino expansion project underway and dug up almost 60 sets of Muscogee ancestors during the ground preparation. Gray and two other Muscogee Nation citizens and a Cherokee Nation AIM member were arrested last February by Poarch police and charged with criminal trespassing when they tried to access the site to conduct a ceremony.   Gray was also accused by Poarch police with making a “terrorist threat”—a charged that was dropped in May after a Grand Jury found no evidence to support it. The trespassing charges against the other three men were dropped in June. But Gray declined an offer to plea bargain. Hickory Ground (Oce Vpofv) is a parcel of sacred land located at Wetumpka, Alabama, which includes a ceremonial ground, burial sites and individual graves belonging to ancestors of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation. After Hickory Ground was obtained with federal funds under the pretense of historic preservation, approximately 60 sets of human remains and funerary objects were exhumed in violation of federal law and in violation of lineal descendants' rights under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.  In 2010, the descendant members of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation of Oklahoma requested their ancestors to be reinterred where they were excavated.In April 2012, the Poarch Band of Creek Indians, exhumed the remains, and reburied them elsewhere, to construct a $246 million casino at Hickory Ground. The initial opening of the Casino occurs on December 17th.  http://www.savehickorygroun  

“The history of Oklahoma is a history of movement, possession, and dispossession. It is American history told in fast-foward,” writes historian David A. Chang in the introduction to The Color of the Land: Race, Nation, and the Politics of Landownership in Oklahoma, 1832-1929 (University of North Carolina Press, 2010). “It captures the dynamics of global history in the middle of a continent.” As a lifelong East-Coaster, I admit this initially struck me as a little hyperbolic. Oklahoma may indeed be fertile ground for scholars, particularly in Native American Studies, but American history in fast-forward? The dynamics of global history? These are concepts not generally associated in popular discourse with the Sooner state; certainly not for a New Yorker like myself. David Chang has exploded my coastal arrogance. In this intellectual tour-de-force and gripping historical narrative, Chang illustrates how in the aftermath of the Creek Nation's forced removal from the Southeast to Oklahoma, conflicts over landownership – present in every region but magnified in Indian Territory-cum-Oklahoma before and after the devastation of the Civil War and the Dawes Allotment Act – provided the central staging ground for a complicated and often surprising formation of racial and national identities. From Creek's struggle to maintain their national coherence against a colonial onslaught, to African American settlers seeking new opportunities in the land-rich West, to the agrarian radicalism of the early 20th century and the violent counterrevolution of white supremacy, Oklahoma indeed captures the dynamics of history. The Color of the Land shows exactly how.

“The history of Oklahoma is a history of movement, possession, and dispossession. It is American history told in fast-foward,” writes historian David A. Chang in the introduction to The Color of the Land: Race, Nation, and the Politics of Landownership in Oklahoma, 1832-1929 (University of North Carolina Press, 2010). “It captures the dynamics of global history in the middle of a continent.” As a lifelong East-Coaster, I admit this initially struck me as a little hyperbolic. Oklahoma may indeed be fertile ground for scholars, particularly in Native American Studies, but American history in fast-forward? The dynamics of global history? These are concepts not generally associated in popular discourse with the Sooner state; certainly not for a New Yorker like myself. David Chang has exploded my coastal arrogance. In this intellectual tour-de-force and gripping historical narrative, Chang illustrates how in the aftermath of the Creek Nation’s forced removal from the Southeast to Oklahoma, conflicts over landownership – present in every region but magnified in Indian Territory-cum-Oklahoma before and after the devastation of the Civil War and the Dawes Allotment Act – provided the central staging ground for a complicated and often surprising formation of racial and national identities. From Creek’s struggle to maintain their national coherence against a colonial onslaught, to African American settlers seeking new opportunities in the land-rich West, to the agrarian radicalism of the early 20th century and the violent counterrevolution of white supremacy, Oklahoma indeed captures the dynamics of history. The Color of the Land shows exactly how. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

“The history of Oklahoma is a history of movement, possession, and dispossession. It is American history told in fast-foward,” writes historian David A. Chang in the introduction to The Color of the Land: Race, Nation, and the Politics of Landownership in Oklahoma, 1832-1929 (University of North Carolina Press, 2010). “It captures the dynamics of global history in the middle of a continent.” As a lifelong East-Coaster, I admit this initially struck me as a little hyperbolic. Oklahoma may indeed be fertile ground for scholars, particularly in Native American Studies, but American history in fast-forward? The dynamics of global history? These are concepts not generally associated in popular discourse with the Sooner state; certainly not for a New Yorker like myself. David Chang has exploded my coastal arrogance. In this intellectual tour-de-force and gripping historical narrative, Chang illustrates how in the aftermath of the Creek Nation’s forced removal from the Southeast to Oklahoma, conflicts over landownership – present in every region but magnified in Indian Territory-cum-Oklahoma before and after the devastation of the Civil War and the Dawes Allotment Act – provided the central staging ground for a complicated and often surprising formation of racial and national identities. From Creek’s struggle to maintain their national coherence against a colonial onslaught, to African American settlers seeking new opportunities in the land-rich West, to the agrarian radicalism of the early 20th century and the violent counterrevolution of white supremacy, Oklahoma indeed captures the dynamics of history. The Color of the Land shows exactly how. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

“The history of Oklahoma is a history of movement, possession, and dispossession. It is American history told in fast-foward,” writes historian David A. Chang in the introduction to The Color of the Land: Race, Nation, and the Politics of Landownership in Oklahoma, 1832-1929 (University of North Carolina Press, 2010). “It captures the dynamics of global history in the middle of a continent.” As a lifelong East-Coaster, I admit this initially struck me as a little hyperbolic. Oklahoma may indeed be fertile ground for scholars, particularly in Native American Studies, but American history in fast-forward? The dynamics of global history? These are concepts not generally associated in popular discourse with the Sooner state; certainly not for a New Yorker like myself. David Chang has exploded my coastal arrogance. In this intellectual tour-de-force and gripping historical narrative, Chang illustrates how in the aftermath of the Creek Nation’s forced removal from the Southeast to Oklahoma, conflicts over landownership – present in every region but magnified in Indian Territory-cum-Oklahoma before and after the devastation of the Civil War and the Dawes Allotment Act – provided the central staging ground for a complicated and often surprising formation of racial and national identities. From Creek’s struggle to maintain their national coherence against a colonial onslaught, to African American settlers seeking new opportunities in the land-rich West, to the agrarian radicalism of the early 20th century and the violent counterrevolution of white supremacy, Oklahoma indeed captures the dynamics of history. The Color of the Land shows exactly how. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

“The history of Oklahoma is a history of movement, possession, and dispossession. It is American history told in fast-foward,” writes historian David A. Chang in the introduction to The Color of the Land: Race, Nation, and the Politics of Landownership in Oklahoma, 1832-1929 (University of North Carolina Press, 2010). “It captures the dynamics of global history in the middle of a continent.” As a lifelong East-Coaster, I admit this initially struck me as a little hyperbolic. Oklahoma may indeed be fertile ground for scholars, particularly in Native American Studies, but American history in fast-forward? The dynamics of global history? These are concepts not generally associated in popular discourse with the Sooner state; certainly not for a New Yorker like myself. David Chang has exploded my coastal arrogance. In this intellectual tour-de-force and gripping historical narrative, Chang illustrates how in the aftermath of the Creek Nation’s forced removal from the Southeast to Oklahoma, conflicts over landownership – present in every region but magnified in Indian Territory-cum-Oklahoma before and after the devastation of the Civil War and the Dawes Allotment Act – provided the central staging ground for a complicated and often surprising formation of racial and national identities. From Creek’s struggle to maintain their national coherence against a colonial onslaught, to African American settlers seeking new opportunities in the land-rich West, to the agrarian radicalism of the early 20th century and the violent counterrevolution of white supremacy, Oklahoma indeed captures the dynamics of history. The Color of the Land shows exactly how. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

ArchiTreats: Food for Thought celebrates the Year of Alabama History through a series of sequential lectures in Alabama history by leading experts in the field. Join us for the third presentation in the series as Kathryn Braund presents The Creek Indians in Alabama. Once the newly established state of Alabama extended sovereignty over the tribe, it effectively ended the existence of the Creek Nation in their traditional homeland. In her talk, Dr. Braund will explore the main themes in Creek Indian history, including trade and land, diversity and division, and change and continuity. Drawing on both the written record and historical artifacts, Dr. Braund will explore the complex story of Alabama when it was owned and ruled by the Creek Indians. Dr. Kathryn Braund is Professor of History at Auburn University and has authored or edited four books relating to the southeastern Indians. Her first book, Deerskins and Duffels: The Creek Indian Trade with Anglo-America, 1685–1815, was the first to extensively examine the Creek deerskin trade, especially the impact of commercial hunting on all aspects of Indian society. She has also written on William Bartram, an eighteenth-century botanist whose published account of his southern Travels is an American literary classic, and on James Adair, a deerskin trader whose account of his life among the southeastern Indians was published in London in 1775. Dr. Braund has also published scholarly articles on the southeastern Indians during the American Revolution, Creek gender and work roles, and race relations and slavery among the Indians. She also has contributed to several encyclopedias and reference works. Currently, she is researching the Creek War of 1813-1814. This ArchiTreats presentation is made possible by the Friends of the Alabama Archives and a grant from the Alabama Humanities Foundation, a state program of the National Endowment for the Humanities.

The Muscogee Creek Freedman Band is a non-profit organization, based in (Creek Nation) Okmulgee, Oklahoma. MCFB is operated by volunteers descended from the Creek Indian Freedmen; designated as Freedmen by the Dawes Commission in the late 1800’s. Mission Statement To promote self-sufficiency in the preservation of our unparalleled cultural heritage through the implementation of educational programs that depict the accurate history of the African-Creek Indian Freedmen; to embrace the unique cultural heritage of the African-Creek Indian Freedmen ancestral lineage through educational research; to support the reconnection of families by assisting members in genealogical research, tracing members to the Creek tribal rolls; and to educate members and the public of the African Creeks' political rights as citizens of the Creek Nation, defined by the Creek Treaty of 1866(Article 2). http://www.1866creekfreedmen.com/index.htm Additional information on the Creek Freedmen: http://www.thecreekfreedmen.com/id1.html