Podcasts about British Guiana

  50 Reasons For 50 Years - Episode 08 Ted Yacucci - YouTube Channel Ted's 2024 interview on Black Op Radio, Episode #1225. Listen here. Respectfully, Ted has enjoyed a distinguished career working in media for decades. Len is a huge fan! New documents prove the CIA assassinated JFK. Watch Video. Len thanks and congratulations Ted for his good work, after starting his serious JFK research 20 years ago. Ted was just 8 years old when JFK was assassinated and fascinated by the case after watching Ruby shoot Oswald. Ted's research has really had two main focuses, Ruth Paine and the Chicago plot. During 2013, Ted and Ruth Paine corresponded several times over the phone during a 3 month period. When Ted didn't agree that Lee Harvey Oswald was involved in the General Walker shooting, Ruth denied a final interview. Ted has travelled to Chicago several times over the years, while researching the Chicago plot, filing several FOIA requests. Predictably, Ted was not given any serious answers via the various FOIA requests to the JFK assassination info gatekeepers. Since retiring recently in December, Ted has had a lot of fun creating new JFK video content. Have you seen Ted's most recent video, "You May Be A Lone Nutter If You..."? View Here. Len really likes this video of Ted's as it shows the CIA's methods for removing governments in an articulate manner. Ted makes it obvious that the CIA was out of control, manipulating elections and Congress, creating government coups etc.. The CIA was running contributions to a strike in British Guiana via cover under the AFL-CIO and George Meany. George Meany, President of the AFL-CIO, was CIA. Watch here. Why would an American union be used to help fund and organize a strike in a foreign country? Pre-electoral interference. In March and May of 1964, the CIA gave money to the Christian Democratic candidate, Eduardo Frei. A whopping $750k was funnelled by the CIA to Frei in March and $1.25 million in May, in efforts to defeat Salvador Allende. Over the next 8 years, the CIA kept up their efforts to keep Allende out of power. 1972 the CIA couldn't stop the people from voting for Allende, who became President. The CIA then sponsored a coup against President Salvador Allende, installing dictator Augusto Pinochet. Upon becoming President, Pinochet cancelled open free democratic elections after he was installed into power. Pinochet's dictatorship lasted about 20 years, during which time, a genocide was perpetuated against the Chilean people. In 1953, the overthrow of the democratically elected government happened in Iran, with the CIA installing Shah Pahlevi. Oil profits were funnelled to Britain and the United States after the coup, Iran has never been the same since the takeover. All of the CIA's chaos and genocides that they create comes down to GREED and PROFIT. It’s disgusting. Guatemalan President was thrown out mainly by the Dulles brothers, major shareholders in the United Fruit Company. United Fruit Company owned over 80% of the land in Guatemala, who was dependent on the CIA. After Guatemalan President, Elfego H. Monzon was removed from power, a genocide followed, over the next 20 years. The year before, the CIA had eliminated Congo President, Patrice Lumumba.on January 17, 1961. Patrice Lumumba wanted to have a fair democracy for the poor people of the Congo. He wanted the best for his people. During these events, John Kennedy was inaugurated as President on January 20th, 1961. Everyone knew that JFK was a big supporter of Lumumba, and would not have wanted him touched. When Kennedy found out Lumumba was kidnapped and murdered, he was openly devastated hearing the news. In the 1947 CIA Charter, the CIA was authorized to operate a mind control program like MK Ultra! LSD experiments included giving LSD to participants for 77 days straight!

Prior to the founding of the State of Israel in 1948, there was British Guiana: a Jewish homeland in South America that never happened.

This is episode 219 — a new Governor has sailed into Table Bay. Sir Philip Edmond Wodehouse, born in 1811, eldest child of Edmond Wodehouse who married his first cousin Lucy, daughter of Philip Wodehouse, uncle Philip to Sir Philip Edmond. How very Victorian. Queen Victoria herself, who married her first cousin Prince Albert—did allow and even encourage cousin marriage, particularly among royalty and the upper classes to consolidate power, property, and lineage. But it also increased the risk of birth defects by 2 percent, and if both parents carry a recessive gene mutation, their child has a 25 percent chance of expressing the disorder. Scientists have a well-worn phrase for this — its called inbreeding. Wodehouse junior entered the Ceylon Civil Service in 1828, and was installed as superintendent of British Honduras between 1851 to 1854. From there he sailed to British Guiana where he served as Governor between 1854 to 1861 — before heading to the Cape in 1862. It's illuminating to touch on Sir Philip Wodehouse's disastrous time in British Guiana. Two years after he took office in the South American country, the Angel Gabriel riots broke out. His implacable opponent was John Sayers Orr, whose nom de guerre was the Angel Gabriel, was half Scottish, half African. Edinburgh's Caledonian Newspaper of the time reported that his mother Mary Ann Orr was a respectable coloured woman and married to a respectable Scot — John Orr senior. Young John Sayer Orr was rabidly anti-papal, hated the Pope and had an anti-Catholic obsession. He took to the Guianese streets with bullhorn in hand, whereupon the distant Glasgow Herald noted he spoke “rampant anti-papist froth and lies..” Between 1850 and 1851 he popped up in Boston, then New York, Bath in Maine, and Manchester in New Hampshire. In 1854 he was hustled off by police in Boston. Apart from the usual racial insults levelled at him, the Boston police report says he had more impudence than brains .. “…who with a three cornered hat and a cockade on his head, and old brass horn .. took advantage of the political excitement .. travelled around the city …tooting his horn … collecting crowds in the streets, delivering what he called his political lectures and passing around the hat for contributions…” Sounds like a modern political influencer, the bullhorn, the disinformation, the extreme rhetoric, not to mention his hat which is literally crowd sourcing. He was arrested at least 20 times for what was called his international harangues tour — where he'd shout confusing messages like “Scorn be those who rob us of our rights — purgatory for popery and the Pope — Freedom to man be he black or white — Rule Britannia…!!” Bizarrely, the resonances to today's crazy politics continued, Orr was associated with the fantastically named Know Nothing Party in America. Wait to hear about this bunch, you'll recognise bits of modern USA. Members of the movement were required to say "I know nothing" whenever they were asked about its specifics by outsiders, and that providing the group with its colloquial name. Before you wonder aloud what relevance all this has, let me quickly point out that the so-called Know Nothing Party had 43 representatives in Congress at the height of its power in the late 1850s. In 1855 this strange 19th Century character pitched up in British Guiana, and Sir Philip Wodehouse had his work cut out. Soon Orr was up to his old tricks, walking about with his bull horn, carrying a flag and a British imperial badge, followed by a group of …. Well .. followers. They were not repeating they Knew Nothing, but attacking the British establishment. We'll also hear about the Angel Gabriel riots. By 1862 Wodehouse who survived a public stoning in Guiana, had arrived in the Cape as Governor. Here he was to face the implacable enemies - the Westerners and the Easterners. Two parts of the Cape that did not get along.

This is episode 219 — a new Governor has sailed into Table Bay. Sir Philip Edmond Wodehouse, born in 1811, eldest child of Edmond Wodehouse who married his first cousin Lucy, daughter of Philip Wodehouse, uncle Philip to Sir Philip Edmond. How very Victorian. Queen Victoria herself, who married her first cousin Prince Albert—did allow and even encourage cousin marriage, particularly among royalty and the upper classes to consolidate power, property, and lineage. But it also increased the risk of birth defects by 2 percent, and if both parents carry a recessive gene mutation, their child has a 25 percent chance of expressing the disorder. Scientists have a well-worn phrase for this — its called inbreeding. Wodehouse junior entered the Ceylon Civil Service in 1828, and was installed as superintendent of British Honduras between 1851 to 1854. From there he sailed to British Guiana where he served as Governor between 1854 to 1861 — before heading to the Cape in 1862. It's illuminating to touch on Sir Philip Wodehouse's disastrous time in British Guiana. Two years after he took office in the South American country, the Angel Gabriel riots broke out. His implacable opponent was John Sayers Orr, whose nom de guerre was the Angel Gabriel, was half Scottish, half African. Edinburgh's Caledonian Newspaper of the time reported that his mother Mary Ann Orr was a respectable coloured woman and married to a respectable Scot — John Orr senior. Young John Sayer Orr was rabidly anti-papal, hated the Pope and had an anti-Catholic obsession. He took to the Guianese streets with bullhorn in hand, whereupon the distant Glasgow Herald noted he spoke “rampant anti-papist froth and lies..” Between 1850 and 1851 he popped up in Boston, then New York, Bath in Maine, and Manchester in New Hampshire. In 1854 he was hustled off by police in Boston. Apart from the usual racial insults levelled at him, the Boston police report says he had more impudence than brains .. “…who with a three cornered hat and a cockade on his head, and old brass horn .. took advantage of the political excitement .. travelled around the city …tooting his horn … collecting crowds in the streets, delivering what he called his political lectures and passing around the hat for contributions…” Sounds like a modern political influencer, the bullhorn, the disinformation, the extreme rhetoric, not to mention his hat which is literally crowd sourcing. He was arrested at least 20 times for what was called his international harangues tour — where he'd shout confusing messages like “Scorn be those who rob us of our rights — purgatory for popery and the Pope — Freedom to man be he black or white — Rule Britannia…!!” Bizarrely, the resonances to today's crazy politics continued, Orr was associated with the fantastically named Know Nothing Party in America. Wait to hear about this bunch, you'll recognise bits of modern USA. Members of the movement were required to say "I know nothing" whenever they were asked about its specifics by outsiders, and that providing the group with its colloquial name. Before you wonder aloud what relevance all this has, let me quickly point out that the so-called Know Nothing Party had 43 representatives in Congress at the height of its power in the late 1850s. In 1855 this strange 19th Century character pitched up in British Guiana, and Sir Philip Wodehouse had his work cut out. Soon Orr was up to his old tricks, walking about with his bull horn, carrying a flag and a British imperial badge, followed by a group of …. Well .. followers. They were not repeating they Knew Nothing, but attacking the British establishment. We'll also hear about the Angel Gabriel riots. By 1862 Wodehouse who survived a public stoning in Guiana, had arrived in the Cape as Governor. Here he was to face the implacable enemies - the Westerners and the Easterners. Two parts of the Cape that did not get along.

fWotD Episode 2804: Gerald Durrell Welcome to Featured Wiki of the Day, your daily dose of knowledge from Wikipedia’s finest articles.The featured article for Tuesday, 7 January 2025 is Gerald Durrell.Gerald Malcolm Durrell (7 January 1925 – 30 January 1995) was a British naturalist, writer, zookeeper, conservationist, and television presenter. He was born in Jamshedpur in British India, and moved to England when his father died in 1928. In 1935 the family moved to Corfu, and stayed there for four years, before the outbreak of World War II forced them to return to the UK. In 1946 he received an inheritance from his father's will that he used to fund animal-collecting trips to the British Cameroons and British Guiana. He married Jacquie Rasen in 1951; they had very little money, and she persuaded him to write an account of his first trip to the Cameroons. The result, titled The Overloaded Ark, sold well, and he began writing accounts of his other trips. An expedition to Argentina and Paraguay followed in 1953, and three years later he published My Family and Other Animals, an account of his years in Corfu. It became a bestseller.In the late 1950s he decided to found his own zoo. He visited the Cameroons for the third time, and on his return attempted to persuade Bournemouth and Poole town councils to start local zoos. These plans came to nothing but he finally found a suitable site on the island of Jersey, and leased the property in late 1959. He envisaged the Jersey Zoo as an institution for the study of animals and for captive breeding, rather than a showcase for the public. In 1963 control of the zoo was turned over to the Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust. The zoo repeatedly came close to bankruptcy over the next few years, and Durrell raised money for it by his writing and by fundraising appeals. The site for the zoo was leased, and to guarantee the zoo's future, Durrell launched a successful appeal in 1970 for funds to purchase the property. He wrote about his further expeditions, and the zoo, and his own experiences in Corfu and after the war.Durrell was an alcoholic and had repeated problems caused by his drinking. In 1976 he separated from his wife; they were divorced in 1979, and Durrell remarried, to Lee McGeorge, an American zoologist. He and Lee made several television documentaries in the 1980s, including Durrell in Russia and Ark on the Move. They co-authored The Amateur Naturalist, which was intended for amateurs who wanted to know more about the natural history of the world around them, though it also had sections about each of the world's major ecosystems. This book became his most successful, selling well over a million copies; a television series was made from it.Durrell became an OBE in 1982. In 1984 he founded the Durrell Conservation Academy, to train conservationists in captive breeding. The institution has been very influential: its thousands of graduates included a director of London Zoo, an organisation which was once opposed to Durrell's work. He was diagnosed with liver cancer and cirrhosis in 1994, and received a liver transplant, but died the following January. He was cremated, and his ashes were buried at Jersey Zoo.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:12 UTC on Tuesday, 7 January 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Gerald Durrell on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Olivia.

fWotD Episode 2685: Ken "Snakehips" Johnson Welcome to Featured Wiki of the Day, your daily dose of knowledge from Wikipedia’s finest articles.The featured article for Tuesday, 10 September 2024 is Ken "Snakehips" Johnson.Kenrick Reginald Hijmans Johnson (10 September 1914 – 8 March 1941), known as Ken "Snakehips" Johnson, was a swing band-leader and dancer. He was a leading figure in black British music of the 1930s and early 1940s before his death while performing at the Café de Paris, London, when it was hit by a German bomb in the Blitz during the Second World War.Johnson was born in Georgetown, British Guiana (present-day Guyana). He showed some musical ability, but his early interest in a career in dancing displeased his father, who wished him to study medicine. He was educated in Britain, but instead of continuing on to university, he travelled to New York, perfecting dance moves and immersing himself in the vibrant jazz scene in Harlem. Tall and elegant, he modelled himself professionally on Cab Calloway. He returned to Britain and set up the Aristocrats (or Emperors) of Jazz, a mainly black swing band, with Leslie Thompson, a Jamaican musician. In 1937 he took control of the band through a legal loophole, resulting in the departure of Thompson and several musicians. Johnson filled the vacancies with musicians from the Caribbean; the band's popularity grew and its name changed to the West Indian Dance Orchestra.From 1938 the band started broadcasting on BBC Radio, recorded their first discs and appeared in an early television broadcast. Increasingly popular, they were employed as the house band at the Café de Paris, an upmarket and fashionable nightclub located in a basement premises below a cinema. A German bombing raid on London in March 1941 hit the cinema, killing at least 34 and injuring dozens more. Johnson and one of the band's saxophonists were among those killed; several other band members were injured.The West Indian Dance Orchestra were the leading swing band in Britain at the time, well-known and popular through their radio broadcasts, but their impact was more social than musical. As leader of a mainly black orchestra playing the most up-to-date music of the time, Johnson was seen as a pioneer for black musical leaders in the UK. When the band broke up after Johnson's death, the members had an impact on the nature and sound of British jazz. In 1940 Johnson had begun a relationship with Gerald Hamilton, a man twenty years his senior. After Johnson's death Hamilton never travelled without a framed photograph of him, always referring to him as "my husband".This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 00:36 UTC on Tuesday, 10 September 2024.For the full current version of the article, see Ken "Snakehips" Johnson on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Aria.

In Worthy of Freedom: Indenture and Free Labor in the Era of Emancipation (University of Chicago Press, 2024), Jonathan Connolly traces the normalization of indenture from its controversial beginnings to its widespread adoption across the British Empire during the nineteenth century. Initially viewed as a covert revival of slavery, indenture caused a scandal in Britain and India. But over time, economic conflict in the colonies altered public perceptions of indenture, now increasingly viewed as a legitimate form of free labor and a means of preserving the promise of abolition. Connolly explains how the large-scale, state-sponsored migration of Indian subjects to work on sugar plantations across Mauritius, British Guiana, and Trinidad transformed both the notion of post-slavery free labor and the political economy of emancipation. Excavating legal and public debates and tracing practical applications of the law, Connolly carefully reconstructs how the categories of free and unfree labor were made and remade to suit the interests of capital and empire, showing that emancipation was not simply a triumphal event but, rather, a deeply contested process. In so doing, he advances an original interpretation of how indenture changed the meaning of “freedom” in a post-abolition world. Jonathan Connolly is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Illinois Chicago. Connolly is a historian of the British empire with transnational interests in migration, the history of emancipation, and legal history. His research primarily concerns abolition and emancipation, imperial political and legal culture, and the category of free labor in the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean.  Your host for this episode is Mahishan Gnanaseharan, a PhD student in the Department of History at Stanford University. Mahishan studies the social, political, and intellectual histories of South Asian migrants across the Indian Ocean during the 19th and 20th centuries. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

In Worthy of Freedom: Indenture and Free Labor in the Era of Emancipation (University of Chicago Press, 2024), Jonathan Connolly traces the normalization of indenture from its controversial beginnings to its widespread adoption across the British Empire during the nineteenth century. Initially viewed as a covert revival of slavery, indenture caused a scandal in Britain and India. But over time, economic conflict in the colonies altered public perceptions of indenture, now increasingly viewed as a legitimate form of free labor and a means of preserving the promise of abolition. Connolly explains how the large-scale, state-sponsored migration of Indian subjects to work on sugar plantations across Mauritius, British Guiana, and Trinidad transformed both the notion of post-slavery free labor and the political economy of emancipation. Excavating legal and public debates and tracing practical applications of the law, Connolly carefully reconstructs how the categories of free and unfree labor were made and remade to suit the interests of capital and empire, showing that emancipation was not simply a triumphal event but, rather, a deeply contested process. In so doing, he advances an original interpretation of how indenture changed the meaning of “freedom” in a post-abolition world. Jonathan Connolly is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Illinois Chicago. Connolly is a historian of the British empire with transnational interests in migration, the history of emancipation, and legal history. His research primarily concerns abolition and emancipation, imperial political and legal culture, and the category of free labor in the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean.  Your host for this episode is Mahishan Gnanaseharan, a PhD student in the Department of History at Stanford University. Mahishan studies the social, political, and intellectual histories of South Asian migrants across the Indian Ocean during the 19th and 20th centuries. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

In Worthy of Freedom: Indenture and Free Labor in the Era of Emancipation (University of Chicago Press, 2024), Jonathan Connolly traces the normalization of indenture from its controversial beginnings to its widespread adoption across the British Empire during the nineteenth century. Initially viewed as a covert revival of slavery, indenture caused a scandal in Britain and India. But over time, economic conflict in the colonies altered public perceptions of indenture, now increasingly viewed as a legitimate form of free labor and a means of preserving the promise of abolition. Connolly explains how the large-scale, state-sponsored migration of Indian subjects to work on sugar plantations across Mauritius, British Guiana, and Trinidad transformed both the notion of post-slavery free labor and the political economy of emancipation. Excavating legal and public debates and tracing practical applications of the law, Connolly carefully reconstructs how the categories of free and unfree labor were made and remade to suit the interests of capital and empire, showing that emancipation was not simply a triumphal event but, rather, a deeply contested process. In so doing, he advances an original interpretation of how indenture changed the meaning of “freedom” in a post-abolition world. Jonathan Connolly is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Illinois Chicago. Connolly is a historian of the British empire with transnational interests in migration, the history of emancipation, and legal history. His research primarily concerns abolition and emancipation, imperial political and legal culture, and the category of free labor in the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean.  Your host for this episode is Mahishan Gnanaseharan, a PhD student in the Department of History at Stanford University. Mahishan studies the social, political, and intellectual histories of South Asian migrants across the Indian Ocean during the 19th and 20th centuries. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/caribbean-studies

In Worthy of Freedom: Indenture and Free Labor in the Era of Emancipation (University of Chicago Press, 2024), Jonathan Connolly traces the normalization of indenture from its controversial beginnings to its widespread adoption across the British Empire during the nineteenth century. Initially viewed as a covert revival of slavery, indenture caused a scandal in Britain and India. But over time, economic conflict in the colonies altered public perceptions of indenture, now increasingly viewed as a legitimate form of free labor and a means of preserving the promise of abolition. Connolly explains how the large-scale, state-sponsored migration of Indian subjects to work on sugar plantations across Mauritius, British Guiana, and Trinidad transformed both the notion of post-slavery free labor and the political economy of emancipation. Excavating legal and public debates and tracing practical applications of the law, Connolly carefully reconstructs how the categories of free and unfree labor were made and remade to suit the interests of capital and empire, showing that emancipation was not simply a triumphal event but, rather, a deeply contested process. In so doing, he advances an original interpretation of how indenture changed the meaning of “freedom” in a post-abolition world. Jonathan Connolly is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Illinois Chicago. Connolly is a historian of the British empire with transnational interests in migration, the history of emancipation, and legal history. His research primarily concerns abolition and emancipation, imperial political and legal culture, and the category of free labor in the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean.  Your host for this episode is Mahishan Gnanaseharan, a PhD student in the Department of History at Stanford University. Mahishan studies the social, political, and intellectual histories of South Asian migrants across the Indian Ocean during the 19th and 20th centuries. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/south-asian-studies

In Worthy of Freedom: Indenture and Free Labor in the Era of Emancipation (University of Chicago Press, 2024), Jonathan Connolly traces the normalization of indenture from its controversial beginnings to its widespread adoption across the British Empire during the nineteenth century. Initially viewed as a covert revival of slavery, indenture caused a scandal in Britain and India. But over time, economic conflict in the colonies altered public perceptions of indenture, now increasingly viewed as a legitimate form of free labor and a means of preserving the promise of abolition. Connolly explains how the large-scale, state-sponsored migration of Indian subjects to work on sugar plantations across Mauritius, British Guiana, and Trinidad transformed both the notion of post-slavery free labor and the political economy of emancipation. Excavating legal and public debates and tracing practical applications of the law, Connolly carefully reconstructs how the categories of free and unfree labor were made and remade to suit the interests of capital and empire, showing that emancipation was not simply a triumphal event but, rather, a deeply contested process. In so doing, he advances an original interpretation of how indenture changed the meaning of “freedom” in a post-abolition world. Jonathan Connolly is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Illinois Chicago. Connolly is a historian of the British empire with transnational interests in migration, the history of emancipation, and legal history. His research primarily concerns abolition and emancipation, imperial political and legal culture, and the category of free labor in the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean.  Your host for this episode is Mahishan Gnanaseharan, a PhD student in the Department of History at Stanford University. Mahishan studies the social, political, and intellectual histories of South Asian migrants across the Indian Ocean during the 19th and 20th centuries. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/law

In Worthy of Freedom: Indenture and Free Labor in the Era of Emancipation (University of Chicago Press, 2024), Jonathan Connolly traces the normalization of indenture from its controversial beginnings to its widespread adoption across the British Empire during the nineteenth century. Initially viewed as a covert revival of slavery, indenture caused a scandal in Britain and India. But over time, economic conflict in the colonies altered public perceptions of indenture, now increasingly viewed as a legitimate form of free labor and a means of preserving the promise of abolition. Connolly explains how the large-scale, state-sponsored migration of Indian subjects to work on sugar plantations across Mauritius, British Guiana, and Trinidad transformed both the notion of post-slavery free labor and the political economy of emancipation. Excavating legal and public debates and tracing practical applications of the law, Connolly carefully reconstructs how the categories of free and unfree labor were made and remade to suit the interests of capital and empire, showing that emancipation was not simply a triumphal event but, rather, a deeply contested process. In so doing, he advances an original interpretation of how indenture changed the meaning of “freedom” in a post-abolition world. Jonathan Connolly is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Illinois Chicago. Connolly is a historian of the British empire with transnational interests in migration, the history of emancipation, and legal history. His research primarily concerns abolition and emancipation, imperial political and legal culture, and the category of free labor in the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean.  Your host for this episode is Mahishan Gnanaseharan, a PhD student in the Department of History at Stanford University. Mahishan studies the social, political, and intellectual histories of South Asian migrants across the Indian Ocean during the 19th and 20th centuries. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In Worthy of Freedom: Indenture and Free Labor in the Era of Emancipation (University of Chicago Press, 2024), Jonathan Connolly traces the normalization of indenture from its controversial beginnings to its widespread adoption across the British Empire during the nineteenth century. Initially viewed as a covert revival of slavery, indenture caused a scandal in Britain and India. But over time, economic conflict in the colonies altered public perceptions of indenture, now increasingly viewed as a legitimate form of free labor and a means of preserving the promise of abolition. Connolly explains how the large-scale, state-sponsored migration of Indian subjects to work on sugar plantations across Mauritius, British Guiana, and Trinidad transformed both the notion of post-slavery free labor and the political economy of emancipation. Excavating legal and public debates and tracing practical applications of the law, Connolly carefully reconstructs how the categories of free and unfree labor were made and remade to suit the interests of capital and empire, showing that emancipation was not simply a triumphal event but, rather, a deeply contested process. In so doing, he advances an original interpretation of how indenture changed the meaning of “freedom” in a post-abolition world. Jonathan Connolly is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Illinois Chicago. Connolly is a historian of the British empire with transnational interests in migration, the history of emancipation, and legal history. His research primarily concerns abolition and emancipation, imperial political and legal culture, and the category of free labor in the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean.  Your host for this episode is Mahishan Gnanaseharan, a PhD student in the Department of History at Stanford University. Mahishan studies the social, political, and intellectual histories of South Asian migrants across the Indian Ocean during the 19th and 20th centuries. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/british-studies

In this episode, our stack of books is tied together with the common connection of taking place during the same time period, but in different places. Or is that same place, different time?  Listen in to find out! Featured BooksSurviving Savannah by Patti Callahan (LP)All We Were Promised by Ashton Lattimore (LP)The Lost Dresses of Italy by M.A. McLaughlin (LH)The Keeper of Hidden Books by Madeline Martin (LH)Book in HandEliza Mace by Sarah Burton and Jem PosterBooks Mentioned in This EpisodeThe Secret Book of Flora Lea by Patti Callahan HenryBecoming Mrs. Lewis by Patti CallahanAdditional  Books That Go Along With Our StackIndependence by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni (takes place in India during the same period as LH books)River Sing Me Home by Eleanor Shearer (takes place in Barbados, British Guiana, and Trinidad during the same period as LP books)Ways to contact us:Follow us on Instagram - @thebookbumbleFacebook:  Book BumbleOur website:  https://thebookbumble.buzzsprout.comEmail:  bookbumblepodcast@gmail.comHey Friends, please rate and review us!

There could be a war brewing in South America... and it's a conflict that has been a long time coming.You see, Guyana and Venezuela have been fighting a silent battle for centuries over a large territory that makes up two-thirds of Guyana - the Essequibo. During the late 1800s, Venezuela lost this territory to a treaty signed by the United Kingdom and the United States, and things seemed to end there.However, the recent discovery of oil deposits containing up to 700 million barrels of oil (worth close to $40 BILLION) and the potential existence of a secret CIA base in the area have rekindled the flames of conflict.With Maduro's regime in Venezuela desperate for cash at any cost, could there be an escalation about to break out in the north of South America - and could this be the start of a new global conflict?Find out in the latest episode of the Learn Spanish with Stories podcast!Transcript of this episode is available at: https://podcast.lingomastery.com/listen/1232

The Katherine Massey Book Club @ The C.O.W.S. hosts the 5th study session on Michael Meiers' Was Jonestown a CIA Medical Experiment. This infamous mass murder has countless parallels to our recent literary selections - Columbine, Michael Swango, and The Hart murder-suicide. The Rev. Jim Jones, a White man born in Indiana, took a thousand people from California to Guyana, South America. On November 18th, 1978, Jones killed nearly all 1,000 of his mostly black followers and Congressman Leo Ryan. A few were shot, but most were poisoned with cyanide, just like "Double-0 Swango." For nearly half a century, this event has been conventionally understood as a bunch of brainwashed black loons following a White charlatan to their demise in the jungle. Meiers' work suggests something far more nefarious. Last week, Meiers detailed the Federal Bureau of Investigations and the Central Intelligence Agencies Counter Intelligence Programs of the 1960's and 70's aimed at controlling and observing black and non-white people around the world. Meiers details the CIA MK-ULTRA program, where Whites scientists studied ways to control and modify human thought, speech and actions (to maintain White Power). Meiers connected these illegal operations to the assassinations of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968 and President John F. Kennedy in 1963. Powerful White people with global concerns about the System of White Supremacy wanted both King and Kennedy deceased. During this same period, Rev. Jones traveled to Cuba, Brazil and other parts of South America to study black people, non-white religious practices, and possibly other duties for his White bosses. The 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis and the global resistance against "colonialism" in places like British Guiana , made many White people extremely apprehensive about the future of the global System of White Power and necessitated CIA/White Supremacist counter measures - which may have included men live Rev. Jim Jones. #COINTELPRO #TheCOWS15Years INVEST in The COWS – http://paypal.me/TheCOWS Cash App: https://cash.app/$TheCOWS CALL IN NUMBER: 605.313.5164 CODE: 564943#

Note: I'm taking next week off for the new year and to work on my next book—this month's More Things bonus episodes has thus been moved to this upcoming Thursday, and you'll see the next LKT episode on January 2!This week we talk about Venezuelan, Guyana, and the British.We also discuss oil deposits, gold, and the Geneva Agreement.Recommended Book: Your Brain on Art: How the Arts Transform Us by Susan Magsamen and Ivy RossTranscriptIn 1581, Dutch colonists arrived in South America, setting up a colony along the northern coast—but that embryonic settlement, called Pomeroon, was wiped out about a decade and a half later by the British; and survivors from Pomeroon then founded a new settlement on the back of an existing but abondoned Portuguese fort, located on an island in the middle of a river, that was an offshoot of the major regional waterway, the Essequibo River—they took over this fort, and then eventually retook Pomeroon from the British, with the help of their allies, the French.The specifics of all this conquering and reconquering aren't terribly important, though: what's important to know is that this settlement was located in a strategic area, globally, because it allowed Europeans to grow incredibly valuable crops, like sugarcane, in an region that was accessible to ocean-traversing vessels, and in a location that was an established crossroads for local trade, which made acquiring local resources a lot easier, and getting workers for these plantations at lot simpler, as well.All of which has meant this region—like many other scattered throughout the world, but especially those with natural ports and located somewhere near the equator—was a somewhat tumultuous, violent place for a long while, in large part because all these Europeans kept popping in to kill and take and build and destroy existing buildings and to fight with each other, while also leaving a lot of dead locals and destroyed local infrastructure and ecosystems in their wake.Following that initial period of back and forth, though, things calmed down a bit, and the Dutch fleshed out their holdings, vastly expanding the scope of their plantations, even to the point—and this was fairly controversial at the time—that they allowed English planters to join them from 1740, onward, which increased the scope of the plantations thereabouts still-further.In February of 1781, some British privateers showed up, captured the main settlements, and then left, and in March of that same year two Royal Navy sloops arrived and did the same, conquering the area for the British Crown until the French showed up, beat the local British forces, and occupied the colony; though a peace deal back in Europe resulted in this colony being handed back to the Dutch in 1783.In 1796 it was reoccupied by the British, the Dutch retook it, holding it from 1802 until 1803, then the British took it again during the Napoleonic Wars, and it became an official British territory in mid-1814.That was the end of that second period of conflicts, as the big, violent rush to claim as much area as possible during the Age of Discovery was beginning to wane, there was a sort of peace, in some aspects of the word, at least, emerging between European powers, and many of these entities were finding they made more money by trading than by fighting with each other all the time.That said, a more fundamental conflict remained in this area, as the Spanish held a neighboring territory, the border between that territory and this one held by the British typically delineated by the Essequibo river.So the Spanish were busy with a series of colonial independence movements when the British rolled up this collection of plantations and habitations on the east side of the Essequibo river, and thus the Spanish didn't really have anything to say on the matter, despite at times having claimed portions of the territory the British were now claiming as their own.And maybe partially because of that distraction on the part of Spain, Britain's new, official maps that were drawn in 1835 showed British Guiana, the name of its new, official territory thereabouts, beginning at the Orinoco River, not the Essequibo, while neighboring Venezuela's maps showed the latter river as the border.When the government of the relatively newfound state of Venezuela, which is what that neighboring Spanish territory became, realized that their neighbor was claiming territory they thought of as their own on their maps, they complained, threatened, and negotiations began, but no compromise was reached and in 1850 the two governments agreed to not occupy the disputed area along their shared border.Less than a decade later, though, gold was discovered in that disputed area, and British settlers almost immediately moved in and started setting up formal mining infrastructure, alongside a company through which they could profit from it.The Venezuelan government continued to complain and attempted to solve the disagreement through arbitration, but the British weren't keen to do so. This led to Venezuela breaking diplomatic relations with the British in 1887, and it asked the US for help, and when the US suggested that the UK enter arbitration, they were told no, even when then-President, Grover Cleveland, said that the US might have to intervene if the British didn't do something, based on the Monroe Doctrine, which basically says European powers shouldn't meddle in the Western Hemisphere, or else.The British eventually said okay to arbitration in 1897, and a decision handed down in 1899 gave 94% of the disputed area to British Guiana—and the Venezuelan government was perhaps predictably fairly upset about this outcome, but both sides formally accepted this new boundary in 1905.What I'd like to talk about today is a new rift resulting from a fresh batch of resources discovered in this long-contested area, and how that rift could spark still-further conflict.—In 1958, British Guiana was divided into official administrative regions, and that led to the dissolution of an historical region called Essequibo, after the river that bisected it.In 1962, as the European powers were undergoing a phase of decolonization in the wake of WWII, Venezuela re-stated its position that the claim it made to the territory back in the 19th century was legit and should never have been questioned or legalized away, and part of its argument was that the British had a deal with the Russians back when that arbitration effort was completed, the folks on the arbitration board—who were supposed to be objective—allegedly were swayed by that alliance to rule in favor of the Brits.The British said this is nonsense, as did the government of British Guiana, but this remained in dispute—and still is to this day in dispute, in some corners of policy and diplomacy—until British Guiana gained independence from the British, as a dominion, in 1966, becoming the nation of Guyana, with those arbitration-established borders still in place, and they remained in place when it became a republic in 1970, as well.Shortly after that independence was attained, though, Venezuela started taking action of diplomatic, economic, and military varieties to retake the territory it considered to be its own, and to have been unfairly stolen from it, arguing—and this is just one of the many arguments it has made toward this intended end—that the Geneva Agreement that it, then-British Guiana, and the British signed in 1966 nullified the original arbitration agreement the parties signed earlier that established the still-in-place, British Guiana-favoring border.That new agreement also said that the signatory nations would solve all disputes through dialogue, though, which is part of why recent saber-rattling by Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro has been so shocking to many, as even though this has been an, again, tumultuous and violent area for a long time, in recent memory it's been tumultuous, but mostly peaceful, despite those long-simmering resentments from Venezuela about this perceived violation of trust and wholesale theft of a region it considers its own.On December 3, 2023, Venezuela held a referendum that asked voters if they reject the 1899 arbitration agreement, if they support the 1966 agreement, if they agree with the government's stance that the International Court of Justice has no say in this matter, if they agree that the Venezuelan government should be able to oppose Guyana's claims about the region, and if they think the government should turn the disputed region into a new Venezuelan state called Guayana Esequiba, granting all locals Venezuelan citizenship as a consequence.Low turnout was reported at polling stations for this referendum, but the official results indicated that more than 95% of voters responded "yes" to each of those five questions, and despite that low turnout and claims that the government may have falsified these results, they've been using those "yes" numbers as part of their justification for seemingly moving forward with an annexation of the region—though as of the day I'm recording this at least, and this could change before this episode goes live, that annexation is only on paper, not a practical, real-life reality.Now, part of why that vote and the results and the government's response to the results are so shocking is that this region has been governed by Guyana in its many governmental guises for generations; this isn't an area that's gone back and forth between the two countries in recent memory—it's been well and truly Guyanan for a long time, and the people living in the region, all 125,000-or-so of them, out of Guyana's total 800,000-ish population, would tell you the same if you asked them. It also makes up something like 2/3 of Guyana's total landmass.In 2015, though, oil was discovered just off the coast of this disputed territory, and that led to calls by then, as today, Venezuelan President Maduro, to take this territory back; Venezuela has a lot of oil already, but these new reserves were looking to be sizable, and this new discovery had the potential to further enrich already rapidly enriching, from the sale of oil in other reserves, Guyana—so through some lenses, it made sense to to try grab the land attached to these reserves if possible, both to get that money, and to prevent a neighbor with whom they've long had all sorts of conflicts from getting that money, as well.That call eventually died down a bit; it remained, but wasn't at the forefront of conversation the way it was in 2015, when Venezuela was in the midst of a Presidential crisis that Maduro was likely keen to conceal a bit, moving the spotlight to something else, and ideally something nationalistic in nature.So while getting that money was probably a big part of that renewed push, there's a good chance that political expediency and trying to get both the public and the media to look at something else, something potentially titilating in the sense that the possibility of military action tends to be titilating, and something that might rile up the nationalistic base in support of their president, rather than encouraging them to continue questioning that president's legitimacy, which was otherwise a major topic of conversation.In October of 2023, a consortium of fossil fuel interests, led by Exxon Mobile, announced the discovery of a significant new reserve of oil and gas, marking the fourth such discovery in 2023, alone.That announcement ran parallel to increasingly bad news for Venezuelan president Maduro, who is incredibly unpopular with Venezuelans, for all sorts of alleged corruption and driving the economy into the ground, and who is up for election in January of 2024, that election almost certain to be rigged, though the US has offered him incentives to not rig the election, allowing it to be free and open and fair, in exchange for lessening some of the oil export sanctions the country has been operating under for a long while.So the state of play is that Maduro would almost certainly like to rig this upcoming election the way he has previous elections, keeping his hold on power as a consequence, and he kind of has to rig it if he wants to win, based on his popularity numbers, but he could potentially better those numbers by allowing something closer to a free election, getting sanctions lifted, the economy improving a bit, and he could possibly goose his numbers further by raising the Essequibo issue once more, riling up the nationalistic base and thus, possibly benefitting from those lifted sections while also winning the election with the minimum of corruption required on the back of pro-Venezuela fervor.That's one theory of what he's up to, at least, as there's a chance he's ramping up to just move into the contested region, start setting up shop, guarding roads and claiming the area for Venezuela based on those historical claims.But that option is considered to be quite risky by many analysts, as military action of that kind, annexing a neighbor's internationally recognized territory, in the western hemisphere, could be a step too far, bringing neighboring militaries, including Brazil's, which already has troops on the border because of this dispute, into the conflict, alongside forces or other types of support from the US.What might be better, instead, for his seeming purposes, at least, is to just keep on rattling that saber, raise the possibility of annexing the area, maybe make some deals with the Guyanan government, threatening the whole time, and consequently grabbing some small piece of the territory, or maybe just economic, monetary rights to some of the assets—deals instead of land—and that would still be more than he started with, alongside those aforementioned election-related benefits that could help him stay in power, without having to do much in the way of election fraud.This is all speculation at this point, though, as the public face of this burgeoning crisis is the threat of a much larger, wealthier, more powerful nation and military telling their smaller, weaker neighbor that a significant portion of their land is not theirs, and will therefore be incorporated into that larger neighbor.That's not unheard of—it's similar to the claim made by the Russian government about Ukraine, recently, pre-invasion—but it's also not super common in the modern world, as the taking of territory in this way has been disincentivized by international structures and alliances that generally make the consequences of doing so a lot weightier than the benefits of acquiring that bit of land.We're entering a new, post-Ukraine-invasion age, though, in which a lot of those prior norms and expectations are being challenged or upended, neighbors invading neighbors, maybe gesturing at a new norm, but some of these governments maybe just hoping to get in while the getting is good, righting perceived wrongs and grabbing what they can before the international order gets wise and implements some new system of carrots and sticks, assuming—not without reason—that it will make more sense for everyone, in the aftermath, to just leave things where they are at that point, rather than trying to put the pieces of the former setup back together in some way.The governments of Venezuela and Guyana had a meeting in the nearby island of St. Vincent recently, in which they agreed to an 11-point declaration, which included a mutual promise not to use force against each other, no matter what, and to avoid escalating the conflict in any way—but their disagreement over who should have jurisdiction here, with Guyana pointing at the International Court of Justice, and Venezuela saying that Court should have no say in the matter, could complicate these discussions before they really start, making any progress a slogging, pit-trap laden effort.Show Noteshttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-67635646https://time.com/6343549/guyana-essequibo-region-venezuela-dispute/?utm_placement=newsletterhttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-67645018https://apnews.com/article/venezuela-opposition-referendum-machado-guaido-0f615a5aa835a4cae7d83403321c6c6dhttps://www.semafor.com/article/12/07/2023/guyana-venezuela-tensions-drive-us-military-exerciseshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Venezuela#2006_changeshttps://apnews.com/article/guyana-venezuela-essequibo-oil-united-nations-maduro-fd9e3a3275de8d88dc0a0982f8e7cda4https://archive.ph/VMWiRhttps://www.france24.com/en/americas/20231214-venezuela-guyana-presidents-meet-to-de-escalate-tensions-over-disputed-oil-rich-regionhttps://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/15/venezuela-and-guyana-agree-not-to-use-force-in-essequibo-disputehttps://www.reuters.com/world/americas/venezuela-tells-world-court-referendum-go-ahead-despite-guyana-resistance-2023-11-15/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/dec/14/guyana-venezuela-essequibo-maduro-kenneth-mohammedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Guianahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essequibo_(colony)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Kyk-Over-Alhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana%E2%80%93Venezuela_territorial_disputehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit letsknowthings.substack.com/subscribe

Tensions between South American neighbours Venezuela and Guyana have ratcheted up a notch in recent weeks over the disputed oil rich region of Essequibo. The territory, which is roughly the size of Florida, currently makes up around two thirds of Guyana and vast oil reserves were discovered here in 2015 which have helped make Guyana's economy one of the fastest growing in the world. Essequibo has come under the authority of Guyana and before it British Guiana for more than a century, but Venezuela has always disputed that decision made by an international tribunal back in 1899. The issue is currently with the International Court of Justice in the Hague, who are expected to make a decision next year. But Venezuela does not recognise their jurisdiction. And now President Maduro has used the results of a recent referendum claiming rights over Essequibo, as evidence to support his threat to move forward with plans to annexe the region. So this week on The Inquiry, we're asking ‘Is Venezuela about to invade its neighbour?'Contributors: Phil Gunson, Senior Analyst, Andes, Caracas, Venezuela for International Crisis Group Alejandro Velasco, Associate Professor of Latin American History, New York University, author of ‘Barrio Rising: Urban Popular Politics and the Making of Modern Venezuela Dr Christopher Sabatini, Senior Fellow for Latin America at Chatham House, London Dr Annette Idler, Associate Professor in Global Security, Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. Presenter: David Baker Producer: Jill Collins Researcher: George Crafer Editor: Tara McDermott Technical Producer: Mitch Goodall Broadcast Co-ordinator: Jordan KingImage credit: AnadoluGetty

On this episode of Walk in Faith Craig Syracusa is joined by the Director &  Assoc to discuss Medicine Man THE STAN BROCK STORY, which hits theaters on November 14th 2023 Use the link to purchase tickets: https://www.ramusa.org/medicine-man-the-stan-brock-story/MEDICINE MAN: THE STAN BROCK STORYA timeless documentary adventure recounting the incredible life story of British-born Amazonian cowboy turned US TV star, Stan Brock, who sacrificed everything to bring free healthcare to people in need. At once a heart-warming tribute to the unifying power of volunteerism and an exploration of a perennial outsider's search for meaning through giving of himself. This film is a challenging and inspirational tale of an unlikely man on an improbable yet unwavering mission to unite a nation and resolve one of the biggest social issues of our time: the US healthcare crisisABOUTStan Brock was an errant British adventurer who fled his stuffy public school at the age of 14 and boarded a ship bound for British Guiana, where he went on to become an Amazonian cowboy on the world's biggest cattle ranch. He was later discovered by a TV producer who brought him to the United States and turned him into an anaconda-wrestling wildlife TV star, featuring weekly on “Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom”. However, in 1985 Stan decided to forsake fame and wealth for a higher calling.Stan sold everything he owned and founded a small charity with the aim of bringing basic healthcare to people in the developing world, vowing never to take a salary for his efforts. Yet by 1992, Remote Area Medical had switched its focus to running relief missions closer to home. It now dedicates over 70 percent of its resources to providing free healthcare services to people in the most depressed regions of the US, where millions of uninsured can go for years without seeing a doctor or a dentist. To date, RAM has helped nearly 1 million people through the efforts of more than 172,000 volunteers.So who was this enigmatic Englishman, and why did he sacrifice everything to bring free healthcare to people in need? This feature-length documentary examines the shocking paradox of pop-up field hospitals in the world's most affluent nation, while recounting Stan Brock's extraordinary life story. It is a challenging and inspirational tale of an unlikely man on an improbable yet unwavering mission to unite a nation and resolve one of the biggest social issues of our time: the US healthcare crisis.

Jenny's parents were part of the Windrush generation. Her father from St Vincent and her mother British Guiana. As a child Jenny remembers her father winning the football pools which meant they could buy a house in Ilford.Jenny initially worked for the Caribbean times and was a PA to the editor. She was able to meet several black activists who had an influence on her in later life. Having been made redundant she decided that she wanted to join the police. Having found the number in the “Yellow Pages” she called New Scotland Yard and called. Jenny was invited at once to the yard. Within six months she had been accepted. Jenny experienced adverse racist comments from the security guard.Following training she was posted to Vine Street. She was taken to meet the borough commander whose opening gambit was to ask one of the male members if they masturbate!As a probationer she was paired up with an officer who clearly had no time for her. She was unable to establish if it was because she was a probationer, black or a female or a combination of all 3.Jenny experienced discriminatory language that her Sgt considered to be acceptable, he stated that it was his way of “Toughening her up”. People were openly racist and when that stopped, they became more sexist.Jenny recalls the murder of Yvonne Fletcher in April 1984. On that day she was visiting a police station and following the shooting of Yvonne a well-meaning friend called Jenny`s mum to ask after her welfare which caused some concerns.Jenny worked at NCIS and TSG – When she was posted to the drug squad her colleagues believed that she was “A Spy”, they had read a file and there was a memo relating to jenny and the Black Police Association.Jenny discusses her views regarding Stop and Search and her personal experiences. Its clear that Jenny is a person who has high standards and truly believes that the police should deal with the problems that senior management has caused. She is an advocate of getting the right person for the job and diversity should be part of recruitment process. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

John Edmonstone was born on a timber plantation in British Guiana, and enslaved by Scotsman Charles Edmonstone. He learned taxidermy techniques by accompanying a naturalist on expeditions. In Scotland, he became a free man and began working as a taxidermist. One of his students was a teenaged Charles Darwin, who would later use the skills he learned from John to preserve and study the Galapagos birds that formed the basis of his theory of evolution.More info and transcript at BirdNote.org. Want more BirdNote? Subscribe to our weekly newsletter. Sign up for BirdNote+ to get ad-free listening and other perks. BirdNote is a nonprofit. Your tax-deductible gift makes these shows possible.

Lord Salisbury had decided to serve as his own Foreign Secretary and, indeed, it was events abroad that most marked his third administration. This episode starts by looking at the great feast of Empire which was Queen Victoria's diamond jubilee of 1897. It was Britain at its peak of might, with the biggest empire the world had ever seen, wealthy, powerful, and with a people broadly united behind the Queen, her Empire and her government. That last bit was something that men like Salisbury, in the government, made the most of. But behind the scenes, a rather different picture was beginning to emerge, of a country whose power, while great, was already in decline. This episode looks at three widely different events, out of the many that Salisbury addressed, that suggest this was happening: the Jameson raid in South Africa, the failure to intervene in support of the Armenian Christians against ongoing massacres by their Turkish overlords, and the US support for Venezuela in a border dispute with then-British Guiana. Illustration: Dr Jameson (fourth from left) and the officers of the Jameson Raid, 1896. National Portrait Gallery P1700(20b) Music: Bach Partita #2c by J Bu licensed under an Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives (aka Music Sharing) 3.0 International License.

Last time we spoke about the final days of the first Sino-Japanese War, the invasion of the Pescadores Islands, Taiwan and the Treaty of Shimonoseki. The Japanese had taken Port Arthur, Weihaiwei and were on the verge of marching upon Beijing. The Qing were slow to action on the negotiation front leading to three attempts to reach a peace agreement. However in the meantime the Japanese prolonged things for just enough time to allow their amphibious forces to invade the Pescadore islands and Taiwan. Li Hongzhang became the scapegoat for the entire conflict and was forced to sign the humiliating Treaty of Shimonoseki. However in the end it would also be Japan getting served a nasty deal because of the Triple Intervention of Germany, France and Russia. The balance of power in the east had dramatically changed, and with change comes movement, the movement of many people, all over the world.   #55 This episode is, Overseas Chinese   Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. I did not know when I was going to tackle this subject, but I figured after the first Sino-Japanese war would be a good place. The 1890's-1900 is a sort of odd window of time for China where a lot of change occurs. When I was doing my undergraduate in History, a requirement of my University was to take a certain amount of courses in specific fields of history, one was Canadian history as I am from Quebec and its just forced on you. In one of those courses I had to spend an extensive amount of time learning about the Chinese-Canadian experience, particularly during the end half of the 19th century. Now I know the majority of you listeners are American and probably know the general history of Chinese immigration to America during the 19th century. For Canada is quite similar, first thing that comes to mind for all of you I imagine is the railroad work. Its a fundamental part of both America and Canada's history, the building of some of the great railroads and unfortunately the terrible mistreatment of Asian immigrants. In this episode however I don't want to just talk about Canada and the United States, because in truth, Chinese immigration saw Chinese going to all sorts of nations, for various reasons. I also believe it gives us a better understanding of all the events we have spoken about and how they affect the common person. There are more than 50 million Oversea Chinese today, most of them are in Southeast Asia, in places like Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, Thailand and such. They represent one of the highest figures of immigration in the world. Their migration goes back to ancient times, roughly 2000 years ago during the opening of the maritime silk road. Chinese immigrants were moving mainly to Southeast Asia. When the 15th century came around, Chinese began moving to places like Sumatra and Java, establishing what we call today, Chinatowns. Where trade went, so did the Chinese and by the 16th century trade began to pick up with Europe. Europeans began to establish themselves in the Far East, looking to trade and in the process integrated numerous places within a world trade network. European powers began to compete with another to expand and develop colonies in places like Southeast Asia and this in turn increased a demand for Chinese merchants and laborers. When the 17th century rolled around, there was an estimated 100,000 or so Chinese scattered about Southeast Asia and 20-30 thousand perhaps in Japan. Many Chinese came over during the Wokou years, setting up bases in Japan to help raid mainland China as pirates. When the Manchu conquered the Ming dynasty, numerous Chinese refugees fled to Japan to escape Manchu rule.  Now its during the 19th century when we really begin to see massive movements to the far reaches of the globe. When the age of colonialism was at its height so too would Chinese immigration be at its height, and with it a diaspora began. By the starting of the 19th century, millions of Chinese pulled up stakes and left for unfamiliar and faraway places, why? During the final century of the Qing dynasty, China began to struggle with mounting challenges as I think we all have seen in this series. These problems were both internal and external in nature. Internally, the Qing had doubled their territory, incorporating areas in the north and west which were sparsely populated, adding ethnic and religious diversity to the empire. There were Manchu, Hans, Mongolians, Tibetans, Muslims and such. Alongside this, the population exploded because of new irrigation and water management techniques that were helping tackle China's most troublesome historic nemesis, floods and droughts. New crops had come over from the America's such as corn, sweet potatoes and peanuts. The new foodstuffs could be grown in areas of China that historically always had trouble growing stuff, allowing for new lands to be expanded upon such as the southwest and northeast. As the nutrition improved, China's population exploded. By 1740 the Qing dynasty numbered 140 million, but by 1850 this increased to a whopping 430 million. Population growth holds numerous benefits to a nation, such as increasing economic activity, but it can also cause great strain. China took a very very long time to industrialize. In the early half of the 1800s, most Chinese supported themselves through farming, but with the population booming, less and less land pushed more and more to find new lands. The Qing government meanwhile, as we have seen in this series, proceeded to become incredibly corrupt. Their officials neglected the common people and engaged in corruption purely to enrich themselves, and they gradually became more and more inept at governance. With a corrupt government and a booming population of dissatisfied people, 19th century China was ripe for conflict. The first major one was the White Lotus Rebellion of 1796-1804. It broke out in response to famine, overcrowding of land and from the harassment by corrupt Qing officials. The cult lashed out, resulting in the deaths of millions and costing the Qing dynasty nearly 100 million taels. Then the First Opium War broke out against Britain resulting in a humiliating defeat and the beginning of unequal treaties upon China. After this, the worst civil war in history, the Taiping rebellion broke out, yet again during a time of famine, with another cult, the Taiping led by Hong Xiuquan who nearly toppled the Qing Dynasty leading to the death of over 20 million or so people. Alongside the Taiping was the Nian rebellion and the second opium war, inviting more death and humiliating treaties tossed upon China. The Dungan revolt killed another 10 or so million people, causing countless Hui Muslims to flee into surrounding neighboring states.  The turmoil of the mid 19th century caused terrible suffering on the people of China whether it be from drought, famine, war, governmental harassment or simply incompetence and when this becomes your everyday life, what do you do to improve it? Well after witnessing such foreign barbarians nearly toppling your government multiple times, showcasing technologies you've never seen before, you might get curious what its like in their nations. Once the bans were lifted Christian missionaries were pouring into China from these nations. These people didn't not simply sail over to China either, in the mid 19th century the invention of steamships made sea crossings much faster and safer. With steamships came railroads, a much more efficient way to move raw materials and people across land. Steamships and railroads would have a profound effect on China. The construction of railroads required a lot of work, particularly dangerous work of clearing land and laying tracks. European colonies, the Americas, Southeast Asia, Oceania and other far reaching places had enormous demand for laborer, whether it be in construction, agriculture, mining, railway building, etc. Plantations for rice, rubber, fruit, sugar, tea, hell the mining of guano was huge, talk about a shitty job. Like we see today, companies sought cheap and exploitable pools of labor to fit their demands, many of them turned to China. China because of the Opium wars and later the First Sino-Japanese War had opened up countless treaty ports, she was burst open. Now there were fundamentally two rationales for Chinese migration, the first being flight and the second economic. Flight refers to those literally driven to flee where they were because of war, famine, disease, natural disasters, terrible government and persecution. Economic refers to the drive to just improve one's life, maybe the grass is greener on the other side as they say. Both of these rationales could lead to temporary move or permanent and it did not necessarily mean leaving China either, let's not forget a ton of internal moving was occurring.  Now during the Taiping Rebellion as the violence escalated countless people fled. Take for example the wealthy class, whenever Taiping entered an area, obviously these people feared losing everything as the Taiping confiscated all wealth. Therefor countless fled to newly opened treaty ports like Shanghai where foreign protection was to be found. They began dealing with the foreigners and discovered some mutual interests. This was a large reason places like Shanghai and Hong Kong were transformed into booming sophisticated cities. But for the countless common people, the Taiping-Qing war saw a large mobile population, wandering wherever seemed safe at the time. Many of these people fled to provinces in the southwest and southeast of China. When the war ended, major food and tax producing provinces were de-populated, take Jiangsu for example which saw 70% of its population of around 24 million people. Anhui and Zhejiang lost around 50% of their respective 15 million or so people. When the war was finally over, the flight migrants did not all return. Hubei, Hunan and Henan saw a ton of their people simply pack up and set up shop east. A lot of people also fled into Manchuria which had always been sparsely populated, even though it was one of the richest areas for agriculture and natural resources. The Qing had always limited migration to Manchuria, trying to protect the Manchu homelands, but beginning in the 1860's the Qing leadership had a change of heart. There were two major reasons for this; number 1 the Taiping rebellion had ravaged the governmental budget, prosperous agricultural regions that provided a ton of tax revenue were depopulated. China had indemnity payments to pay the British and French, money needed to be made, so the Qing began selling land in Manchuria and increased taxes upon it once it started to become more productive. The second reason was Russia. Russia was encroaching into Manchuria, and the Qing worried its sparse population would leave it vulnerable, so they opened the doors to the Han to help out. Now it was not just the Russian encroaching into Manchuria, the Japanese also had their eyes on the region. As I explained briefly towards the end of last episode, the Russians basically swindled the Japanese with the triple intervention, managing to seize a 25 year lease over the Liaodong peninsula in 1898. The Russians quickly went to work developing the region's agriculture, mining and crucially its railways. All of this required the pumping of money into Manchuria further building up the desire for Chinese migration to fill the large demands. Now this was all internal movements, what about the external? Millions of Chinese responded to the international demand for labor during the mid to late 19th century, taking them first to Southeast Asia, and then to all the corners of the world. The major reason they were able to do this in large scale was because of the new steamships and the increase of foreigners inside China telling them about the various nations they came from. The majority of early migrants came from the wealthy class, who sought to move their families and businesses abroad. These types of businesses were typically, Luandromats, stores, restaurants and such. They mostly came from Guangdong and Fujian as southern China was in turmoil due to the opium trade and Taiping Rebellion. Southern China had become fertile grounds for western companies to come over and recruit or even Shanghai laborers. The British picked up Chinese and brought them to build up their colonies in Malaya and Singapore, while the Dutch brought them over to Sumatra. They worked in sweltering hot plantations, for tea, rubber, rice, fruit or in the great tin mines of Malaya for example.  This all of course becomes quite dark, I briefly talked about the “pig trade”, the pigs being Chinese coolies who were either hired or kidnapped into indentured servitude overseas. Britain had outlawed slavery in 1807, but the experience for these poor souls would be very reminiscence of the western african slave trade. The term “shanghaied” comes from this time, when Chinese were sometimes drugged up or boozed up and tossed onto ships going to various places like Trinidad, British Honduras, Jamaica, New South Wales, British Guiana, Peru, Cuba, all over really. Now the Pig trade was quite reviled, take this passage from 1852 by foreign secretary Lord Malmesbury “iniquities scarcely exceeding those practiced on the African coast and on the African middle passage have not been wanting…the jails of China [have been] emptied to supply ‘labour' to British colonies…hundreds [of coolies] gathered together in barracoons, stripped naked and stamped or painted with the letter C (California), P (Peru) or S (Sandwich Islands) on their breasts, according to destination.” It was actually the gradual abolition of the Atlantic slave trade and slavery itself that rose the demand for Chinese coolies. The British were the pioneers on this front sending 200 Chinese laborers over to Trinidad in 1806 to quote “in an attempt to establish a settlement of free peasant cultivators and laborers” these initial shipments saw Chinese on vessels that had been used to transport African slaves in previous years. The Trinidad experiment failed, only 20 to 30 of the 200 Chinese remained on the island by the 1820's, however such stories inspired people like Sir John Gladstone to bring Chinese over to sugar plantation in British Guiana in the hopes of replacing the lost Afro-Caribbean workforce because the slave trade was coming to an end. Now the logistics of coolie labor were, murky lets say. Most in theory were under contract, paid, to be temporary, one would say consensual. Regardless many in Britain rightfully saw how horrible it was and tried to fight to end the trade or at least improve conditions for the Chinese coolies. Many of these humane reformers argued the Chinese would be tricked into signing employment contracts based on misleading promises, often kidnapped or even sold by coolie merchants within China. Yes a lot of these unfortunate men, had debts, like gambling debts and their lenders simply sold them off. But there were many who volunteered, because they were offered free passage and paid something like 20 cents per day. While I have been focusing on the British, everyone was in the game somewhat, take for example the Portuguese who held Macao which was the center of the coolie trade. It was said from 1848-1873 Macao's only real business was trading coolie slaves, and eventually it became so bad the British forced them to ban it. Spain sent Cuba two large shipments of Chinese Coolies in 1847 to work the sugar fields in Havana, these men came from Xiamen, one of the treaty ports that opened after the Treaty of Nanking in 1842. When Guangdong opened up, Peru saw a ton of Chinese coolies come over to work in their silver mines and in guano cultivation. When their contracts were up, many integrated into the countries of Peru, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and Cuba. Before 1959 when the Cuban revolution broke out, Havana held latin americans largest Chinatown, a result of the coolie trade. South America saw around 100,000 Chinese indentured laborers come over between 1850 and the late 1870s. The most vulnerable would be those poor souls deceived by false contracts or kidnapped who saw themselves basically thrown into slavery. For the majority who went to Cuba and Peru this was to be the case. After a 4 month grueling journey crammed onto a ship like a sardine, they would arrive to be met with cruelty and abuse. Most would find their contracts were written in such a way that it would make it nearly impossible for them to ever repay the cost of their passage, which was not covered for, also housing and food. When reports began to surface between 1847-1854 about the abuse of those going to Cuba and Peru, British tried to take responsibility by closing ports sending these people off in China, such as Amoy, but this simply led Macao to become the largest coolie port in the end. Hell some of these Chinese participated in the War of the Pacific known also as the Saltpeter war, where they burned down many of the haciendas they worked for. 2000 Chinese coolies joined a Chilean Army in Peru helping the wounded and burying the dead. The Germans brought some over to German Samoa to work on their plantations which only ended during WW1 when Anzac seized such islands. The French shipping of Chinese coolies to Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, the French west indies and such, as this also involved Indian coolies. Then came the age of Gold Rushes, all around the world large scale gold rushes emerged, in Oceania, Africa, South American and North America. In Australia the population tripled from 430,000 in 1851 to 1.7 million in 1871, making Australia the first multicultural society during the gold rush period. The gold rush began in may of 1851 after a prospector named Edward Hargraves claimed to have discovered gold in Ophir. Hargreaves had been to California's goldfields learning gold prospecting techniques such as panning and cradling. Victoria would see the first large goldrush in July of 1851 and word spread fast. 290,000 migrated to Victoria from British territories, 15,000 from European nations, 18,000 from the US, but not all were welcome. In 1855, 11,493 Chinese arrived in Melbourne, which saw Victoria enact the Chinese immigration act of 1855 in response. This severely limited the number of Chinese passengers permitted on an arriving vessel, but to evade the new law, many Chinese began landing in southern parts of Australia and would hike it sometimes 400kms across the country to get to the Victoria goldfields. In 1865 Richard Daintree discovered the Cape River Goldfield which soon attracted Chinese to Queensland for the first time. In 1872 James Mulligan discovered gold in the Palmer River around Cooktown, seeing 3 years of waves upon waves of Chinese prospectors. By 1977 over 18,000 residents were Chinese miners. I wanted to leave the United States and Canada for last if you were wondering, as I think they are the most well known stories of Chinese immigration. Also there are numerous nations I could not cover, this story is far too expensive I do apologize. So lets start with a very popular story, that of the great Californian Gold rush. In 1848 James W Marshall found Gold at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news soon brought over 300,000 people to California. While most were Americans, the gold rush also attracted thousands from Latin America, Oceania, Europe and China. The Chinese began arriving in 1849, the first major rush was to Gum San nicknamed “Gold Mountain” by the newly arrived Chinese. In 1849, around 90,000 people had come over, of which around 50-60 thousand were american. By 1852 20,000 Chinese had landed in the San Francisco area. Their distinct dress and appearance made them particularly recognizable in the goldfields and they were met with a ton of racism and violence. The American miners were frustrated with all the foreigners encroaching and the Chinese were easier target than other groups. Initially the Chinese worked for themselves or labored with other miners, but the American miners began to press upon the government to thwart more Chinese from coming over. The California legislature passed a foreign miners license law in 1850, charging non-US citizens 20$ per month. The law would be repealed within a year because of how exorbitant the fees were. This did not dissuade the Chinese who would go on to found America's first Chinatown in San Francisco, where by 1852 the Chinese now accounted for 30% of all immigrants. In response the California legislature passed another foreign miners tax now at 4$ per month. Many Chinese thrived during this time despite the hurdles they faced. Chinese mining companies like John China Placer Mining company and Hong Kong China Wing Dam company hired up to 20 workers and provided industrial equipment, expanding large scale operations. Small scale workers cooperatives amongst the Chinese also thrived in the 1850's which operated similar to the larger companies, using a share-risk system amongst workers. Many Chinese also chose to work for wages from white employers. Its estimated though it varies greatly, that Chinese miners were making around 39-50 dollars a month which would have been around the average wage for white miners. But as you can imagine there was much hardship, and the violence could get incredibly bad. Take for example what is known as the Hells Canyon Massacre. In 1887 two groups of Chinese miners headed to Oregon's Hells canyon to search for gold. On May 25th of 1887, 7 White Horse gang members, these were horse thieves, they robbed, murdered and mutilated between 10-34 of the Chinese miners who were employee's of the Sam Yup company. Its said they stole up to a possible 50,000$ worth in gold. Historian David H Stratton described the massacre as such,  “The brutality of the Snake River atrocity was probably unexcelled, whether by whites or Indians, in all the anti-Chinese violence of the American West. After the first day's onslaught at Robinson Gulch, the killers wrecked and burned the camp and then threw the mutilated corpses into the Snake River. The bodies of the other Chinese received similar treatment. Since it was the high-water stage of the spring runoff, the dead Chinese were found for months (some accounts say for years) afterwards along the lower river.” On the 26th more Chinese showed up to investigate the scene and 8 were shot dead by the gang. Later on in 1888 one Frank Vaughn confessed to taking part in the crime giving up the names of 6 associates. Most had departed america save for Vaughn and another man named Hughes. Their gang leader, Bruce Evan's known as “old blue” was blamed for everything, but he escaped custody. Now by the 1860's the goldrush was quieting down, leaving many Chinese looking for work and they found it in railway construction. The first major railway seeing Chinese workers was the first transcontinental railroad which linked up California to the eastern united states. Construction began in 1863 with terminal points at Omaha, Nebraska and Sacramento. Despite the Goldrush raising California's population, a large number of Chinese were recruited in 1865 to help build up the railway. Many of these were former gold or silver miners and it was Charles Crocker a manager of the Central Pacific Railroad who was one of the first trying to hire Chinese. As he pointed out to his colleagues, hiring Chinese as opposed to whites as they cost a third of the salary. Crocker also pointed out they could hire the Chinese immigrants to do much of the grueling work and particularly the dangerous jobs. Crocker soon broke records for laying track, finishing the project 7 years ahead of time. This was due to the fact he worked the men to down to the bones. The central pacific track was constructed primarily by Chinese, Crocker initially hired every Chinese he could find in California, but soon began importing Chinese workers directly from China. The railroad had to pass over river and through canyons requiring bridges to be made and tunnels to be blown open. Many of the Chinese workers would be sent into tunnels to break through using hand tools and black power bombs. To tunnel through places like the the foothills of Sierra Nevada, the Central Pacific began to use the newly invented but extremely unstable Nitro-glycerine explosives, aka TNT. This greatly accelerated the rate of construction and deaths for the poor Chinese workers who used them. The work often saw Chinese workers tossed in large baskets with the explosives down to hard to reach areas, they would lit the fuse and the basket would be pulled as fast as it could away from the blast area, not safe. Over 11,000 Chinese took part in the project and they made up 90% of the work effort. A large portion of them came from Guangdong, recruited through a network of small firms and labor contractors. Its estimated around 1000 Chinese died building the Central Pacific Railroad.  Now as the Chinese came to the US for the Goldrush and then railroad construction, they were met with a lot of racism, violence and legislative efforts. I mentioned the American miners pushing for legislation against them, but when the Chinese began working on the railways this greatly expanded. In the 1870's various legal discriminatory measures were being made against the Chinese. In San Francisco Chinese school children from 1859-1870 were segregated, but in 1870 the requirement to educate them was simply dropped. Also in 1870 the Naturalization act which extended citizenship rights to African Americans specifically barred Chinese on the grounds they could not be assimilated into American society. Chinese immigrants were thus prohibited from voting, jury duty (which lets be honest is a blessing) and faced alien land laws prohibited them from purchasing property or establishing permanent homes or businesses. In 1873 the Pigtail Ordinance, you heard that right, targeted Qing dynasty immigrants based on their Queues. The law required prisoners in San Francisco to have their hair cut within an inch of their scalp and any Qing citizens who went to prison and had their queues cut, meant they could not go back home until it grew back. The law was passed with the idea it would dissuade Chinese immigration. Two years later came the Page Act of 1875, barring Chinese women from entering the US. This was justified under the guise many who came over were performing sex work. In reality it was another measure taken to dissuade Chinese immigration. This was followed up in 1882 by the infamous Chinese exclusion act which prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers. All of this was strongly driven by frustrated American workers who saw the Chinese as a threat to their jobs. Miners and railway workers pressed unions which pressed the legislatures to toss countless anti-Chinese laws trying to dissuade them from coming to the US. With so much discrimination and hurdles tossed at them, the Chinese began moving somewhere else to make ends meet. Chinese immigrants began arriving to the then Colony of Vancouver island in the late 1850's looking for gold. The colony of British Columbia, much like California was seeing a gold rush. The first Chinese community was established in Barkerville where half its population were Chinese. Soon other Chinatowns emerged in Richfield, Van Winkle, Quesnellemouthe, Stanley, Antlery and Quesnelle forks. By 1860 the Chinese population of Vancouver island and British columbia was around 7000. Then in 1871, British Columbia agreed to join the confederation of Canada and one of its conditions to do so was for the new federal government of Canada to build a railway linking BC to Eastern Canada, yes its basically the exact same thing as California with the Eastern US. Prime Minister John A Macdonald along with numerous investors realized the project would be unbelievably expensive. They also realized they could cut costs by employing Chinese laborers, as Macdonald told Parliament in 1882 “it is simply a question of alternatives either you must have this labour or you can't have the railway”. In 1880 Andrew Onderdonk, one of the main construction contractors in British Columbia for the new Canadian Pacific Railway began recruiting Chinese laborers from California. Learning from the Americans he also began importing Chinese workers from Guangdong and Taiwan. The Chinese workers were hired for the first 320 kms of the CPR which was considered to be the most difficult and dangerous segments, particularly the parts going through Fraser Canyon. Like their american counterparts they were paid much less than white Canadians, around 50% on the dollar.  Between 1880-1885, 17000 Chinese workers came to build the CPR with around 700 dying due to the terrible work conditions. The CPR's construction resulted in the establishment of Chinatowns along the rail line which further resulted in Chinese communities spreading across Canada. Following directly in the footsteps as the Americans, when the CPR was finished in 1884, the following year saw the infamous Chinese Head Tax. The Canadian government levied its first of many to come, anti chinese immigration acts, to discourage Chinese from coming to Canada. The head tax system stipulated all Chinese people entering Canada first had to pay 50$ ie: the head tax. This would be amended to 100$ in 1900, 500$ in 1903 and so forth. Because of this, basically no Chinese laborers could afford to bring over their families, though BC's Chinese communities still grew. In British columbia the perception of all the asians coming into the province, as it was not just the Chinese, many Japanese came over particularly for the fishing industry, well they perceived these people to be taking their jobs. Australia likewise had tossed up immigration restriction acts in 1901, the infamous “white australia policy” which eliminated asian immigration after their federation, and Canada would try the same. The Asian Exclusion League in Canada, yes there was a league just for this lobbied as much as they could to thwart Chinese immigration. I did not want to delve into the 20th century in this episode, but I did want to touch upon the violence that would occur in BC. In 1907 tension had increased, as more and more Asian immigrants were flooding over into BC from the US as a result of their anti chinese regulations, kind of a hot potato situation. By the end of October 1907 over 11,440 immigrants came over, 8125 were Japanese, 1266 Chinese and Sikhs made up 2049. Anti-Asian acts were blowing up and soon full blown riots spread.  The Asian exclusion league developed a new immigration act, but the federal government refused to back it. This led to outrage which led to its members starting a parade on September 7th of 1907. This parade turned into a mob riot where Chinese and Japanese neighborhoods were attacked. Asian owned businesses were vandalized, beer bottles were tossed at windows, fires were lit, the rioters were trying to destroy businesses. They came to Japantown where armed Japanese residents fought back, over 50 stores had their windows broken in and the entire riot only died down around 3am. Labour Minister MacKenzie King, yes the soon to be Prime Minister of Canada conducted a commission into the riots finding the damage to be worth around 26,000$ for the Chinese community and 9000$ for the Japanese. The riot directly led to the 1908 “gentleman's agreement”, one I might add not many people know about, not as notably as the head tax, but this was a secret agreement between Japan and Canada to restrict the number of passports issued to Japanese annually at under 400 peoples. It was a dark part of Canadian history. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. I do apologize if this episode is more on the gloomy side, but do not forget these asian communities are thriving today all around the world. I plan to do another episode on Overseas Chinese in the 20th century, so I hope you enjoyed this one and come back for some more!

The period of Indian Indentureship was a time of remarkable change for our ancestors as traditional caste barriers, deeply ingrained in Indian society, began to crumble. In particular, the proximity of high and low caste Indians in Immigration Depots, aboard ships, and across the Caribbean played a pivotal role in this dramatic shift.   Imagine the impact when people from different castes found themselves side by side, sharing physical spaces, resources, and experiences. This forced interaction challenged the long-standing prejudices and hierarchies that shaped Indian communities for generations. As they embarked on a new life in a foreign land, our ancestors had to rely on each other, breaking down the walls of caste that once separated them.   The consequences of this radical transformation were profound. Some suggest that the breakdown of caste opened doors to unprecedented social and economic mobility. Individuals from lower castes were no longer confined by the limitations imposed by their birth. Others argue that the erosion of traditional caste distinctions meant the loss of cultural practices and values that were deeply intertwined with caste identities. As our ancestors embraced a new reality, some aspects of their heritage and customs were diluted or even lost, leaving a bittersweet legacy. Join us on the Pepper Pot Podcast as we delve deeper into this chapter of our history in Episode 6: Caste Away. In this episode, we explore the impact of the dismantling of caste barriers, the triumphs, the dilemmas, and the enduring lessons we can learn from this momentous transformation. Together, let's uncover the layers of our shared heritage and celebrate the resilience and strength of our ancestors.   Follow and connect with The Peppa Pot Podcast online, we'd love to hear from you! Instagram YouTube LinkedIn Credits Beats and Music by Noyz Research by Ryan N. Ramdin Creative Direction by Sara-Sati Ramprashad Produced by WESTINDIECO    Resources Bahadur, G. “Coolie Woman: the Odyssey of Indenture” (The University of Chicago Press: 2014). Basu, S. (2016 Sept. 28), “Solah Shringar: The science behind it” Times of India. Available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/beauty/solah-shringar-the-science-behind-it/articleshow/54520592.cms  Bronkhurst, H.V.P. (1888) “Among the Hindus and Creoles of British Guiana and its Labouring Population,” Woolmer, London. Christian, R. “‘They Came in Ships...' Indo-Caribbean Women and their Construction of Safe Spaces in the Caribbean” in Lurdos, M. & Misrahi-Barak, J. (dir.), “Transport(s) in the British Empire and the Commonwealth.” “I am a Coolie: Identity and Indenture,” Moray House Trust. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUirPfa8Fjg&t=1811s  Jayawardena, C. (1966) “Religious Belief and Social Change: Aspects of the Development of Hinduism in British Guiana,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 8(2), pp. 211-240. Khanan, B.H. & Chickrie. R. (2009) “170th Anniversary of the Arrival of the First Hindustani Muslims from India to British Guiana,” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 29(2). Mahabir, K. (ed.) (2004) ‘The Massacre of Indians in the 1884 Hosay” Indian Arrival Day, 5(1). Mahase, R. (2005) “Caste, Religion and Gender Differentiations amongst Indentured Labourers from Bihar to Trinidad, 1870 to 1900,” in Samaroo, B., Bissessar, A-M. (eds.) “The Construction of an Indo-Caribbean Diaspora” (UWI School of Continuing Studies, St Augustine, Trinidad). Moore, B.L. (1979) “Retention of Caste Notions Among the Indian Immigrants in British Guiana in the Nineteenth Century” Comparative Studies in Society and History. “Tracing Roots to India,” Trinidad & Tobago Guardian. Available at: https://www.guardian.co.tt/article-6.2.423197.55992c06ab

Did you know that by the late 1700s, the County of Demerara had over 300 distilleries producing unique flavors and styles of rum? The success of the rum industry reflects the wider social and economic changes that were taking place across the Caribbean. However, the story of Caribbean rum goes much deeper as it is intertwined with the Systems of Indentureship and Slavery. While Slavery and Indentureship have ended, millions of gallons of rum remain as a reminder of the legacy of both systems and its impact on the Caribbean's culture and history. From “Treasure Island” to the daily ration of grog issued to British sailors, the history of rum is both fascinating and complex. Don't miss this episode of the Peppa Pot podcast where we dive into the rich history of rum in the Caribbean and explore its social, cultural, and economic impact.    Follow and connect with The Peppa Pot Podcast online, we'd love to hear from you! Instagram YouTube LinkedIn Credits Beats and Music by Noyz Research by Ryan N. Ramdin Creative Direction by Sara-Sati Ramprashad Produced by WESTINDIECO    Resources Allahar, A. L. (1993) “Unity and Diversity in Caribbean Ethnicity and Culture,” Canadian Ethnic Studies, 25(1). Bahadur, G. “Coolie Woman: the Odyssey of Indenture” (The University of Chicago Press: 2014). Gramaglia, L. “Colonial Psychiatry in British Guiana,” in White K. (ed.), “Configuring Madness: Representation, Context and Meaning,” (Inter-Disciplinary Press, Oxford: 2009). Gramaglia, L. ‘Migration and Mental Illness in the British West Indies 1838-1900: The Cases of Trinidad and British Guiana' in Cox, C. & Marland, H. (eds.) “Migration, Health and Ethnicity in the Modern World,” (Palgrave Macmillan: New York, 2013). “I am a Coolie: Identity and Indenture,” Moray House Trust. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUirPfa8Fjg&t=1811s  Moss, K., Adams, E. & Toner, D. (2022) “Immigration, Intoxication, Insanity, and Incarceration in British Guiana” Slavery & Abolition: A Journal of Slave and Post-Slave Studies, 43:4. Ramsarran, P. (2008) “The indentured contract and its Impact on Labour Relationship and Community Reconstruction in British Guiana,” International Journal of Criminology and Sociological Theory, 1(2). Persaud, S. (2022) “No Sovereign Remedy: Distress, Madness, and Mental Health Care in Guyana.” World Health Organization, (2008) WHO-AIMS Report on Mental Health System in Guyana.

Do you know the meaning behind the phrase "Chay Lee Chee Nee"? It is a phrase that changed the course of history for many Indians who were recruited, coerced, or tricked into signing Indentured Contracts. They were seen as a suitable replacement for Chattel Slavery: a population that could be easily controlled and manipulated to work tirelessly in the Sugar Plantations across the Caribbean. Many were promised easy money and a better life, but the truth was far from it. With little to no education or experience beyond their North Indian villages, many were led to believe that they were headed to the promised land. But in reality, many had unknowingly signed away their freedom. The phrase "Chay Lee Chee Nee" represents the beginning of a harsh journey for our ancestors that we must never forget. So join us as we celebrate the resilience and perseverance of the Indo-Caribbean community in Episode 3 of the Peppa Pot: Chay Lee Chee Nee!   Follow and connect with The Peppa Pot Podcast online, we'd love to hear from you! Instagram YouTube LinkedIn Credits Beats and Music by Noyz Research by Ryan N. Ramdin Creative Direction by Sara-Sati Ramprashad Produced by WESTINDIECO    Resources Bahadur, G. “Coolie Woman: the Odyssey of Indenture” (The University of Chicago Press: 2014). Coolies: How Britain Reinvented Slavery. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Cncg3yhWPI&t=310s  Chatterjee, S. (1997) “Indian women's lives and labor: the indentureship experience in Trinidad and Guyana, 1845-1917” Hoefte, R. (1987) “Control and Resistance: Indentured Labor in Suriname”, Nieuwe West-Indische Gids / New West Indian Guide, 61(½).  Hoefte, R. “Plantation Labour After the Abolition of Slavery: The Case of the Plantation Matienburg (Suriname), 1880-1940” (1987), PhD dissertation, University of Florida. Kempadoo, K. (2017) ‘“Bound Coolies” and Other Indentured Workers in the Caribbean: Implications for debates about human trafficking and modern slavery,” Anti-Trafficking Review, 9. Mangru, B. (2013 May 4) “An Overview of Indian Indentureship in Guyana, 1838-1917” https://www.stabroeknews.com/2013/05/04/news/guyana/an-overview-of-indian-indentureship-in-guyana-1838-1917/ Moss K. & Jackson, S. J. (2022) “Coloniality and the Criminal Justice System: Empire and its Legacies in Guyana” Slavery and Abolition: A Journal of Slave and Post-Slave Studies, 43(4). “New evidence emerges of indentured Indians' mass graves in Suriname” (January 23, 2013) FirstPost. Available at: https://www.firstpost.com/world/new-evidence-emerges-of-indentured-indians-mass-graves-in-suriname-599547.html Ono-George, M. (2020) “Coolies”, Containment, and Resistance: The Indentured System in British Guiana.” Ramsarran, P. (2008) “The indentured contract and its Impact on Labour Relationship and Community Reconstruction in British Guiana,” International Journal of Criminology and Sociological Theory, 1(2). Roopnarine, L. (2010) “The Indian Sea Voyage between India and the Caribbean during the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century,” The Journal of Caribbean History, 44(1).   Sheridan, R. B. “The conditions of the slaves on the sugar plantations of Sir John Gladstone in the colony of Demerara, 1812-49.” “Unearthing history: Indian workers killed 110 years ago in Suriname” (2013) India TV News. Available at: https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/unearthing-history-indian-workers-killed-110-years-ago-suriname-18748.html Vatuk, V. P. (1965) “Craving for a Chile in the Folksongs of East Indians in British Guiana,” Journal of the Folklore Institute, 2(1).  Vatuk, V. P. (1964) “Protest Songs of East Indians in British Guiana,” The Journal of American Folklore, 77(305).

Did you know that between 1834 and 1917, more than one million Coolies were taken across the Kala Pani, or Dark Waters, to the plantations of Malaya, Mauritius, Fiji, Trinidad, British Guiana, Jamaica, and British Honduras? In “Coolie Woman: the Odyssey of Indenture,” Gaiutra Bahadur describes how the British and other Colonial Powers transformed generations of skilled Indians into an “indistinguishable mass of plantation laborers.” Part of that transformation took part during the journey from India to the Caribbean which, for many, was unimaginably excruciating. In fact, poor ventilation, outbreaks of disease, and a lack of food was common aboard the ships used to transport Indentured Indians. When they reached their destination, they were met with a hostile and unfamiliar environment and forced to work long hours for low wages. But despite all odds, they persevered and laid a foundation that future generations would build on. Learn more about the strength, resilience, and legacy of the Indo-Caribbean community in Episode 2 of The Peppa Pot Podcast: Camphor on the Dark Waters.   Follow and connect with The Peppa Pot Podcast online, we'd love to hear from you! Instagram YouTube LinkedIn Credits Beats and Music by Noyz Research by Ryan N. Ramdin Creative Direction by Sara-Sati Ramprashad Produced by WESTINDIECO    Resources Bahadur, G. “Coolie Woman: the Odyssey of Indenture” (The University of Chicago Press: 2014).   Balachandran, G. (2011) “Making Coolies, (Un)making Workers: ‘Globalizing' Labour in the Late-19th and Early-20th Centuries,” Journal of Historical Sociology, 24(3).   Beaumont, J. (1871) The New Slavery: An Account of the Indian and Chinese Immigrants in British Guiana, W. (Ridgway, London).   Breman, J. & Daniel, E.V. (1992) “Conclusion: The Making of a coolie,” Journal of Peasant Studies, 19 (3-4).   Deolall, I. (2018 July 19) An unquiet wait, Stabroek News, available from: https://www.stabroeknews.com/2018/07/19/features/first-person-singular/an-unquiet-wait/    Dookhan, I. (1975) ‘The Gladstone Experiment: The Experience of the First East Indians in British Guiana', Symposium on East Indians in the Caribbean, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad.   Isba, A. (2003) Trouble with Helen: The Gladstone Family Crisis, 1846-1848. History, 88(2).    Johnson, A. (8 Jan. 1977) “Guyanese man beaten, kicked at subway station in week's 3rd race attack,” The Globe and Mail.    Johnson, A. (1977  March 24) “Unhappy with Canada, subway beating victim hangs himself,” The Globe and Mail.    Joshua Bryant (1824) “Account of insurrection of the negro slaves in the colony of Demerara.”   Kamath, M. V. (1977  April 10) “Paki-bashing on the rise in Canada,” The Times of India.    Kumar, M. (2013) “Malaria and Mortality Among Indentured Indians: A Study of Housing, Sanitation and Health in British Guiana (1900-1939)” in Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, Vol. 74, pp. 746-757.   Mehta, B., Diasporic (Dis)locations: Indo-Caribbean Women Writers Negotiate the Kala Pani. (Jamaica: UWI Press, 2004).   Mishra, S. (2022) “Violence, Resilience and the ‘Coolie' Identity: Life and Survival on Ships to the Caribbean, 1834–1917,” The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 50(2), 241–263.   Misrahi-Barak, J. (2017) “Indentureship, Caste and the Crossing of the Kala Pani” Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, 14(2).    Roopnarine, L. (2012) “A Comparative Analysis of Two Failed Indenture Experiences in Post-Emancipation Caribbean: British Guiana (1838-1843) and Danish St. Croix (1863-1868),” Iberoamericana. Nordic Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies. 62(1-2).   Roopnarine, L. (2010) “The Indian Sea Voyage between India and the Caribbean during the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century” The Journal of Caribbean History, 44(1).     Roopnarine, L. (2009) “The Repatriation, Readjustment, and Second-term Migration of Ex-Indentured Indian Labourers from British Guiana and Trinidad to India, 1838-1955,” New West Indian Guide/Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, 83 (1-2).   Sheridan, R. B. “The conditions of the slaves on the sugar plantations of Sir John Gladstone in the colony of Demerara, 1812-49.”   The Globe and Mail, (1977  Feb. 18) “Man pleads guilty to assault on immigrant in subway station,” The Globe and Mail.

May 5th is Indian Arrival Day in Guyana Our ancestors made incredible sacrifices and endured unimaginable hardships during indentureship. From the cruelty of plantation life to the suppression of our culture, religion, and language, they overcame it all. Join us for this auditory experience and learn about the resilience and perseverance of the Indo-Caribbean community in Episode 1: The Survival Game   Follow and connect with The Peppa Pot Podcast online, we'd love to hear from you Instagram YouTube LinkedIn Credits Beats and Music by Noyz Research by Ryan N. Ramdin Creative Direction by Sara-Sati Ramprashad   Produced by WESTINDIECO    Resources  Adamson, A. “Sugar Without Slaves: the Political Economy of British Guiana, 1838-1904,” (Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut: 1972). Bahadur, G. “Coolie Woman: the Odyssey of Indenture” (The University of Chicago Press: 2014). Coté, J. (2004) “Slaves, Coolies, and Garrison Whores: A Colonial Discourse of ‘Unfreedom in the Dutch East Indies” in Campbell, G. & Elbourne, E. (eds.) Sex, Power, and Slavery (Ohio University Press, Athens, pp. 561-582). Patel, D. (2016 June 11) Viewpoint: How British let one million Indians die in famine, BBC, retrieved at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-36339524 Mahase, R., Roopnarine, L. & Hassankhan, M.S. “Social & Cultural Dimensions of Indian Indentured Labour and its Diaspora: Past and Present” (Routledge, London: 2016). Roberts, G. W. & Byrne, T. (1966) “Summary Statistics on Indenture and Associated Migration Affecting the West Indies. 1834-1918. Population Studies 20(1).    “I am a Coolie": Identity and Indenture. Moray House Trust. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUirPfa8Fjg&t=1811s 

MEET THE AUTHOR Podcast: LIVE - Episode 107 - MAUREEN DICKSONOriginally Aired Wednesday May 3,2023 Featuring Non-Fiction Historical Writer MAUREEN DICKSON.ABOUT MAUREEN: Pilots and Soldiers of the Caribbean: Fighting Men of the Caribbeantells the story of the human spirit in the brave and talented men and women of the Caribbean who fought for Britain in WWI and WWII through adversity to achieve their goals and earn a place at the top table.It tells of individuals who answered Britain's call to arms, and were not conscripted, but felt compelled to leave their homes in the Caribbean, and make the hazardous journey to join ‘The Mother Country' (as Britain was known at the time), to stand with her against a common enemy.Maureen is a former Property TV presenter, estate agent, and oral historian. She had a life-changing conversation with her father (who was terminally ill), about the place of his birth Guyana, (formally known as British Guiana), South America. This conversation led her to learn about his life story in Guyana and the rest of the Caribbean during the war.Maureen conducted a series of interviews with ex-servicemen and women,to record their stories and experiences during WWII. During this exploration, Maureen found that the dedication of the people who fought in WWI and WWII is just a small part of the history of people who came from the Caribbean to fight for Britain which has continued to the present day.Her passion for the subject led her to travel to the Caribbean, across the UK, and its military bases, to tell their story and give them a voice. After six years of documenting their lives and contributions to the British war effort, Maureen wrote the book Pilots and Soldiers of the Caribbean: Fighting Men of the Caribbean.Watch or Listen to all episodes. Connect here: www.IndieBookSource.com/podcast

Lytleton M Bollers was born in the vibrant colony of British Guiana, South America, where he entered the world as the sixth of nine children in a mixed-race family. His early education saw him attending both Trinity and Agricola Methodist schools at different stages of his youth. Following in the footsteps of his father and two elder brothers, Lytleton ventured into the field of building construction.In 1982, seeking new opportunities and a change of scenery, Lytleton made the life-altering decision to migrate to the United States. Initially working in construction, he eventually found employment at the prestigious Grand Hyatt Hotel in New York, providing a more stable and comfortable environment during the harsh winters. For an impressive thirty-six years, he dedicated himself to the hospitality industry while also building and nurturing a family of his own.Upon retiring from his longstanding career in 2019, Lytleton found himself yearning for a new purpose. Driven by a lifelong dream of becoming an author, he decided to pursue his passion for writing. In January of 2022, he achieved this aspiration with the publication of his memoir, 'The Slippery Road,' which eloquently chronicles the first two decades of his life, recounting the experiences that shaped him into the person he became.However, retirement did not quench his creative thirst. Drawing inspiration from his personal experiences and the captivating stories shared by the people he encountered in the Bronx, New York, between 1982 and 2000, Lytleton embarked on a journey to craft compelling narratives that reflect the intricacies of human life.'The Boxer (Fear no evil)' stands as the first installment in his series of captivating books. In this thrilling tale, Lytleton delves into the harrowing struggles of a woman confined to a dreadful cell, battling to appease her twisted captor while simultaneously plotting her escape to reunite with her loved ones.He also delves into the heart-wrenching journey of a young man who finds himself unexpectedly thrust into the world of homelessness, determined to survive the brutal hardships fate has dealt him. Navigating the unforgiving streets of New York, he remains resolute in his quest to rescue the mother he holds dear.Through another captivating perspective, Lytleton weaves the narrative of a detective haunted by a past plagued with guilt and pain. As he faces the senseless brutality and lawlessness surrounding him, the detective strives to uphold his sworn oath to protect the vulnerable and uphold justice.Lytleton M Bollers' writing captures the essence of human emotions and struggles, allowing readers to connect with the characters' journeys on a profound level. His own life's journey, from humble beginnings in British Guiana to flourishing as a writer in the United States, exemplifies resilience, determination, and the pursuit of dreams. As an author, he continues to craft compelling stories that delve into the depths of the human experience, leaving an indelible mark on literature and the hearts of readers worldwide. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Powerful, moving and redemptive, River Sing Me Home tells of a mother's desperate search to find her stolen children and her freedom. We whisper the names of the ones we love like the words of a song. That was the taste of freedom to us, those names on our lips. Mary Grace, Micah, Thomas Augustus, Cherry Jane and Mercy. These are the names of her children. The five who survived, only to be sold to other plantations. The faces Rachel cannot forget. It's 1834, and the law says her people are now free. But for Rachel freedom means finding her children, even if the truth is more than she can bear. With fear snapping at her heels, Rachel keeps moving. From sunrise to sunset, through the cane fields of Barbados to the forests of British Guiana and on to Trinidad, to the dangerous river and the open sea. Only once she knows their stories can she rest. Only then can she finally find home.

Richard Bailey, born in Guyana (then British Guiana), raised in Trinidad, and long resident in England, is the go-to drummer for major recording and touring artists in the UK since the 1970s. Jamming and recording with the likes of Jeff Beck and Bob Marley as a teenager, Bailey was a pivotal member of the new generation of musicians who forged a funky and jazzy new direction for British music from the '70s onwards that reflected the rhythmic influences from the former colonies in the Caribbean, Africa and Asia. His bands Batti Mamzelle and The Breakfast Band, as well as his contributions to the groups Gonzalez, Incognito, and Citrus Sun lead to solo recording work that cements the Caribbean contribution to UK acid jazz and evolves kaisojazz and Caribbean jazz towards a universal recognition at the turn of the century.  Thu, 1 Dec 2022

Dave und Mark Schultz galten als zwei der besten Freistil-Ringer der Welt. Der Ruf des exzentrischen Mäzens John du Pont, der beide auf sein Anwesen Foxcatcher Farm lockte, um dort unter professionellen Bedingungen zu trainieren, endete jedoch in zerrütteten Beziehungen und einem furchtbaren Mord. Shownotes: Film Foxcatcher (2014) aktuell bei Amazon Prime (nur DE) Doku Team Foxcatcher (2016) aktuell bei Netflix Bild der British Guiana 1c magenta https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/British_Guiana_1856_1c_magenta_stamp.jpg/200px-British_Guiana_1856_1c_magenta_stamp.jpg Folgt uns auf Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/schattenseiten_podcast/ Schreibt uns per Mail: schattenseiten.podcast@gmail.com Du möchtest deinen Podcast auch kostenlos hosten und damit Geld verdienen? Dann schaue auf www.kostenlos-hosten.de und informiere dich. Dort erhältst du alle Informationen zu unseren kostenlosen Podcast-Hosting-Angeboten.

Dave und Mark Schultz galten als zwei der besten Freistil-Ringer der Welt. Der Ruf des exzentrischen Mäzens John du Pont, der beide auf sein Anwesen „Foxcatcher Farm“ lockte, um dort unter professionellen Bedingungen zu trainieren, endete jedoch in zerrütteten Beziehungen und einem furchtbaren Mord. Shownotes: Film „Foxcatcher“ (2014) aktuell bei Amazon Prime (nur DE) Doku „Team Foxcatcher“ (2016) aktuell bei Netflix Bild der „British Guiana 1c magenta“ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/British_Guiana_1856_1c_magenta_stamp.jpg/200px-British_Guiana_1856_1c_magenta_stamp.jpg Folgt uns auf Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/schattenseiten_podcast/ Schreibt uns per Mail: schattenseiten.podcast@gmail.com

Episode No. 572 features curators Reto Thüring and Lisa Volpe. With Akili Tommasino, Thüring is the co-curator of "Frank Bowling's America's," which opens at the MFA Boston this weekend. The exhibition work that the British Guiana–born Bowling made when he lived in New York from 1966-75 (at which point he returned to London, his previous home). The show features the often enormous paintings Bowling made in those years, and considers them within the context of his art criticism and curatorial projects. The exhibition is on view through April 9, 2023. The outstanding exhibition catalogue was published by the museum. Indiebound and Amazon offer it for $40-50. Volpe discusses "Gordon Parks: Stokely Carmichael and Black Power," which is at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston through January 16, 2023. The exhibition presents and considers pictures of Carmichael that Parks made for Life magazine in 1967. Also included in the show are footage of Carmichael's speeches and interviews. Indiebound and Amazon offer the catalogue, a co-publication of Steidl, The Gordon Parks Foundation, and the MFAH, for $45-50. Instagram: Lisa Volpe, Tyler Green.

In honoring Elizabeth, I do not disavow the savages of Britain's colonized occupation of peoples and countries.I honor the woman for the remarkable being that she was. As I watched an intriguing video from the British Pathe Archives of Elizabeth's initiation into the Druid culture my skin shivered, recalling memories of my own initiation as a synnassin in the Vedic tradition. Indeed, every spiritual initiation that heels us securely into purpose is a glorious and priceless one.  Born in British Guiana in the year of her ascension to the throne, the love we bore for the queen was undaunted. She played such an important part in our lives growing up. Let us not forget that more than a royal, she was a woman who played a cardinal role in the advancement of women's power to heal  and rule~ a signature of her Jupiter and Mars in humanitarian Aquarius and her trailblazing first house. In 2017, she became the first female head of state to attend a cabinet meeting in over 300 years. Support the show

As a missionary kid, Brother John was raised by parents focused on bringing glory to God's Kingdom. His father taught theology in the Bahamas and eventually moved the family to an unreached area –British Guiana – so people there could know that true freedom is only in Jesus. As a grown man, John took his own family to serve among Muslims. Brother John is now the Vice President of Global Engagement for the International Mission Board, helping send missionaries and plant churches all over the world, with a special focus on unreached peoples and areas. Listen as Brother John shares the story of Dr. Martha Myers and other Christians who served in Yemen before being martyred for their faith in Christ. Yet even in that loss and heartache, the Lord moved to further His Word. With an emphasis on the authority of scripture in missions work, Brother John loves distributing audio Bibles since many unreached people are illiterate or prefer listening to the scriptures rather than reading. He'll also tell of hearts transformed in the deaf community as they reach out with God's Word. More than 90% of the IMB efforts are focused on reaching the unreached for Christ. Pray unreached peoples will encounter the gospel and that the Lord would open doors in restricted nations for Bibles to be distributed.

As a missionary kid, Brother John was raised by parents focused on bringing glory to God's Kingdom. His father taught theology in the Bahamas and eventually moved the family to an unreached area –British Guiana – so people there could know that true freedom is only in Jesus. As a grown man, John took his own family to serve among Muslims. Brother John is now the Vice President of Global Engagement for the International Mission Board, helping send missionaries and plant churches all over the world, with a special focus on unreached peoples and areas. Listen as Brother John shares the story of Dr. Martha Myers and other Christians who served in Yemen before being martyred for their faith in Christ. Yet even in that loss and heartache, the Lord moved to further His Word. With an emphasis on the authority of scripture in missions work, Brother John loves distributing audio Bibles since many unreached people are illiterate or prefer listening to the scriptures rather than reading. He'll also tell of hearts transformed in the deaf community as they reach out with God's Word. More than 90% of the IMB efforts are focused on reaching the unreached for Christ. Pray unreached peoples will encounter the gospel and that the Lord would open doors in restricted nations for Bibles to be distributed. Listen to Brother John's previous interview on VOM Radio here where he shared how teaching your children foreign languages is a strategic plan to serve the Lord. Never miss an episode! Subscribe to the podcast.

Subscribe Apple | Google | Spotify | Stitcher | iHeart   Support The Daily Gardener Buy Me A Coffee    Connect for FREE! The Friday Newsletter |  Daily Gardener Community   Historical Events 1722 Birth of Christopher Smart, English poet. He was known for his pen name as the midwife "Mrs. Mary Midnight."  The back half of Christopher's life was spent in madhouses or prisons. He wrote his long religious poem, Jubilate Agno (Rejoice in the Lamb), in a debtor's prison. It includes the words, For the flowers are great blessings. For there is a language of flowers. For the flowers are peculiarly the poetry of Christ. In this same poem, Christopher praises his beloved cat Jeoffry. The Jeoffry verses inspired Oliver Soden's whimsical biography of Jeoffry, which debuted in April 2021 to the delight of cat lovers everywhere.  In 1752, Christopher published The Hop-Garden, a long poem of 733 lines about a hop garden that tells the reader how to cultivate hops. The poem is part personal history and part instruction.  In The Hop-Garden, Christopher mentioned the river that ran past his childhood garden, and he dedicated the second half of the poem to his dear friend Theophilus Wheeler. Christopher was in the middle of writing The Hop-Garden when Theophilus died during his sophomore year at Christ College.  After The Hop-Garden was published, Christopher's friend, Samuel Johnson, said the poem was proof that, one could say a great deal about cabbage. In the poem, when a storm threatens the harvest, Christopher writes, Haste then, ye peasants; pull the poles, the hops; Where are the bins? Run, run, ye nimble maids, Move ev'ry muscle, ev'ry nerve extend, To save our crop from ruin, and ourselves. Christopher Smart died in debtor's prison in London in 1771, at 49.   1897 Death of David Burke, English plant collect and gardener. The Veitch nurseries became obsessed with the painting of a Pitcher-plant (Nepenthes Northiana) by Marianne North. After Marianne's death, Veitch sent David on his first collecting trip with Charles Curtis to bring back specimens of the North Pitcher plant. During the trip, David discovered the beautiful Leea amabilis, which is now a popular tropical houseplant that features dark, jagged-shaped leaves with have white color along the midrib. David continued to travel extensively for James Veitch & Sons, and he collected plants in British Guiana, Burma, and Colombia. David was honored with the naming of a pitcher plant he discovered called Nepenthes Burkei.  In the Philippines, David also collected Phalaenipsis stuartiana. He found the orchid growing abundantly along the coastline, where it thrived being sprayed by the ocean. The Veitch firm praised Burke's writing. This traveller (Burke) crossed a greater area of the earth's surface and covered more miles in search of plants than any other Veitchian collector, with the possible exception of the two brothers William and Thomas Lobb. The writer Sue Shephard wrote a biography of the Veitch family, and in it, she described David as Veitch's strangest, longest–serving and most adventurous orchid collector. James Veitch once remarked,  Burke was one of those curious natures who live more or less with natives as a native, and apparently, prefer[ed] this mode of existance. In 1896, David left on what was to be his final voyage. He died of cholera on Ambon island.   1912 Birth of Elsie Elizabeth Esterhuysen, South African botanist. Elsie's been described as the most outstanding collector of South African Flora. She collected over 36,000 herbarium species. A botanist at the Bolus Herbariumin Cape Town, Elsie was humble, and she would never publish the results of her work under her own name. After Elsie died, over 200 people gathered at her memorial, which featured three tributes from her botanist family. The botanist John Rourke recalled, It's an astonishing fact that for the first 18 years of her employment she received no proper salary and was paid out of petty cash at a rate not much better than a laborer. She did not collect randomly; Elsie was above all an intelligent collector, seeking range extensions, local variants, or even new species, filling voids in the Bolus Herbarium's records, often returning months later to collect seeds or fruits that were of diagnostic importance. […] Always self-deprecating, one of her favorite comments was ‘I'm only filling in gaps'.   The botanist Peter Linder said, She was what I thought a botanist was supposed to be. She was in the mountains every weekend, and came back with big black plastic bags full of plants, that she sorted and passed to Gert Syster to press.  Elsie taught me that each species has an essence, a character—that it liked some habitats but not others and that it flowered at a particular time.  ...She was interested in the plants themselves—she cared about them.   The botanist Ted Oliver remembered, Her mode of transport was the bicycle (we have her latest model here today). She rode to the University of Cape Town up that dreadful steep road every day for a lifetime, come sunshine or rain, heat or cold. Now one knows why she was so fit and could outstrip any poor unsuspecting younger botanist in the mountains! Every day she would come up and park her bicycle behind the Bolus Herbarium building and then often jump through the window in the preparation section rather than walk all the way around to the front door.   Today there are 56 plant species and two genera named for Elsie Esterhuysen.   Grow That Garden Library™ Book Recommendation The Ladies' Village Improvement Society Cookbook by Florence Fabricant This book came out in 2020, and the subtitle is Eating and Entertaining in East Hampton. Well, this is another book that I wish had debuted before the pandemic because I think it would have been so much more popular had it come out, say, in 2018. Nonetheless, it's not too late to discover this fabulous cookbook. This is a cookbook for all seasons, but I think the cover just screams summer and eating outside in your garden. So if you're going to get this book, now is the time. Martha Stewart wrote the forward to this cookbook, and I wanted to share just a bit of what she talks about here because she's introducing us to the LVIS, or the Ladies Village Improvement Society. This group of women has done so much to make sure that the natural beauty of the Hamptons stays intact, and Martha alludes to adhere in this forward. She writes, I bought my home on Lily Pond Lane almost thirty years ago. Much has changed in Easthampton since then. Many new houses have been built, and countless new stores have opened on Main Street and Newton Lane. The summer populations have swelled, and the beaches have become more crowded. But some things have remained the same. The giant Elm trees that tower over the highway leading into town are still green and stately. The roadsides are still planted with lovely Maples and Lindens, offering shady avenues and streets on which to walk or bicycle. The scenic Village Green and its iconic pond populated by pairs of plump swans are still the backdrop for many thousands of photographs throughout the year. And the Ladies Village Improvement Society can claim bragging rights for the glory of this scenery. There is no better time to be in East Hampton than in mid-summer when the trees are leafed out, the roses are blooming, and the ocean is beautiful. And then there are the farmer's markets and the farm stands displaying their freshly harvested vegetables. It's a beautiful sight to see. And as Martha indicated, this volunteer organization, the Ladies Village Improvement Society, has done a lot to ensure that the Hamptons retain their natural charm. Now a lot of these women are gardeners and cooks. So you can imagine the beautiful recipes -the over 100 recipes - in this fabulous cookbook, and many of them are garden to table. The other thing that's really fun about this book is that the Hamptons is all about entertaining. And so, these women are sharing their go-to recipes for all kinds of gatherings - whether you're talking about dinner after a movie or lunch by the pool - whatever the occasion, there are delightful suggestions here. There's a Fettuccine recipe that's got Asparagus and Blue Cheese. There's a fabulous Bittersweet Chocolate Pound Cake. Bonnie Reiff-Smith shared her recipe for Perfection Pork Chops. There's an excellent Zucchini Sausage Quiche - another great recipe for using your zucchini. There's Moroccan Carrot Salad and a fabulous Sunflower Seed Salad along with Whole Roasted Cauliflower - that's fantastic as well. Anyway, I could go on and on. This beautiful cookbook is so fun. This book is 256 pages of more than 100 recipes for food and drink, and it's all put together in 20 different menus with directions on how to make any of your gatherings extra special. And it really is a beautiful cookbook for summer - and the price is right, too. You can get a copy of The Ladies' Village Improvement Society Cookbook by Florence Fabricant and support the show using the Amazon link in today's show notes for around $9.   Botanic Spark 2014 On this day, a dedication ceremony was held at the University of South Carolina in honor of the new Desegregation Commemorative Garden on the side of the Osborne building. The garden was established to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of desegregation at the college. Student Government President Lindsay Richardson read a poem by USC Poet Nikky Finney called The Irresistible Ones, which is inscribed on a granite plaque in the garden and reads, THE IRRESISTIBLE ONES ROBERT ANDERSON, HENRIE MONTEITH, JAMES SOLOMON They arrive knocking at Osborne's great garnet door.  They want to study mathematics, join the debate team, and sing in the choir.  They are three in a sea of six thousand.  With each step they pole vault shards of doubt, sticks of dynamite, and stubborn hate mail.  With them arrives the bright peppermint of change.  The new laws of the new day can no longer resist these three irresistible ones, in a sea of six thousand, stepping through a door now garnet and black.   Thanks for listening to The Daily Gardener And remember: For a happy, healthy life, garden every day.

Francis Leach, originally of British Guiana and now based in Georgia, shares about his teaching philosophy, passion for music, and hope for the future.

SCHOOL DAZE & BEYOND by Vashti HindsThis book started out initially as a children's book, using true stories to illustrate the benefits of telling the truth, obedience to parents and other morals, interwoven with the history of then British Guiana and the mining town where I grew up. Beyond addressed travel to Africa, Europe and other Caribbean countries of which I had read as a child. Being raised in a Christian community each story is proceeded by a verse of scripture which corresponds with the story.“Born on the East Coast of Demerara, Vashti Hinds was mostly raised in the Upper Demerara River district of the Christianburg which is a component of what is now known as Linden. She attended the Church of Scotland School at Christianburg, then St. Joseph's Convent High School in Georgetown before leaving British Guiana at the age of 16 to attend Caribbean Union College in Trinidad. Her nursing career took her to New York where she obtained a Master's degree in Community Health from Long Island University.”https://www.amazon.com/School-Daze-Beyond-Vashti-Hinds/dp/059552088Xhttp://www.bluefunkbroadcasting.com/root/twia/vhindsec.mp3   

In this episode, Eric speaks with renowned actress, collector, activist and art patron CCH Pounder; who talks about her passion of the arts and opens up about the dilemma she once faced about as a young girl -- on whether to pursue acting or become a visual artist. Although she decided to pursue acting, she speaks about her long time commitment to art and artists.. collecting artwork of artists from Africa and the African diaspora and the wonderful journey of establishing the first contemporary art museum in Dakar, Senegal with her late husband a native of Senegal, with the intention of showing Mother Africa what her children had been up to.. which the couple ended up donated the museum and its collections to the country. She  discusses what she calls the "collectors story", the importance of having a direction and focus when collecting and the role she plays as an art detective; taking the time to research each artist and piece before acquiring an artwork. For more visit: www.ericsperspective.comGuest Bio: Guyanese–American actress Carol Christine Hilaria Pounder was born on December 25, 1952, in Georgetown, British Guiana (now Guyana). She was educated in England, and in 1970, at age 18, she moved to the United States, where she attended Ithaca College. She has appeared in numerous plays, films, television shows, and miniseries including the medical drama series ER, the FX police drama series The Shield, Sons of Anarchy and NCIS: New Orleans.  All That Jazz (1979), Face/Off (1997), Orphan (2009), Avatar (2009) and Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019).When the cameras aren't rolling, Pounder plays active roles in the art world, as a patron, collector, former gallery owner. Pounder (whose collection in total includes about 500 pieces of art) and her late husband of 26 years, anthropologist Boubacar Kone had an art gallery in Los Angeles called the Pounder-Kone Art Space.  Over the years, as they were buying pieces with the museum in mind, Pounder said their focus was on collecting work by African artists and artists from the African diaspora. "The idea was that we were looking to bring back the seeds from where they had spread," she said. "That way Africans could see what other people were doing in the world and see their influences.”  In 1993, Pounder and her husband, a native of Senegal, founded and built the Musee Boribana, the first contemporary art museum in Dakar. In 2014, after a chance of meeting with the president of Xavier, Pounder easily convinced Dr. C. Reynold Verret to share his university walls with her and the couple donated the museum and its collections to the country.As one of the founders of Artists for a New South Africa, Pounder has energized awareness of post-apartheid and HIV/AIDS issues. In an interview, she said about the pandemic: "...We use actors and artists with the biggest voices so they can use every opportunity to talk about AIDS."

After a Fulbright award brought him from British Guiana to Lehigh, Frank Douglas found himself navigating not just university life and winter weather, but a national landscape of tumultuous social change.With wisdom and gravity, Douglas reflects on his experiences with racism and discrimination, a pharmaceutical career that helped launch more than 20 well-known drugs, and his continued endeavors for social justice.https://gocampaign.lehigh.edu/GOGettersAbout GO GETTERSGO Getters put ideas into action, creating change that has impact on our communities and our world. Join us for straight-up, no-nonsense conversations with leaders on the forefront of change — within and beyond the university — who are dedicated to bringing direction to a dream.

Victoria Lajer, Managing Director of Stanley Gibbons, discusses the company's recent purchase of the rare British Guiana 1c Magenta, and their intentions for the stamp going forward.

In this incredibly special episode, Micheal and Charles visit Sotheby's in New York City to examine the British Guiana 1-Cent Black on Magenta and the Inverted Jenny Plate Block, alongside philatelic consultant Robert Scott. They also speak to numismatic consultant David Tripp about the history behind the 1933 Double Eagle coin. These three treasures owned by Stuart Weitzman are scheduled to go to auction at Sotheby's on Tuesday, June 8th, 2021.

The star of our 40th (!) episode is author, educator, and therapist Beryl Gilroy. Born in what was then British Guiana, she trained as a teacher before migrating to London in 1952 as part of the Windrush generation and work all manner of jobs until becoming one of the very first Black head teachers in the UK. Her groundbreaking debut, Black Teacher (1976), documented her journey that that point, and she'd keep publishing all the way to her death in 2001. Telling her story is Berlin-based author Divya Ghelani. DLS co-founder Florian Duijsens joins host/producer Susan Stone to add some Beryl-related news, and also to talk about our upcoming March 11, 2021 Zoom Dead Ladies Show event with Scotland's International Poetry Festival, StAnza, with tickets available here:  https://stanzapoetry.org/festival/events/past-present-annette-von-droste-h-lshoff To learn more about Beryl Gilroy, and see some lovely photos, visit our episode page here: https://deadladiesshow.com/2021/02/12/podcast-40-beryl-gilroy/ Our theme music is “Little Lily Swing” by Tri-Tachyon. Thanks for listening! We'll be back with a new episode next month.  **** The Dead Ladies Show is a series of entertaining and inspiring talks about women who achieved amazing things against all odds, presented live in Berlin and beyond. This podcast is based on that series. Because women's history is everyone's history. The Dead Ladies Show was founded by Florian Duijsens and Katy Derbyshire. The podcast is created, produced, edited, and presented by Susan Stone. Don't forget, we now have a Patreon! Thanks to all of our current supporters! Please consider supporting our transcripts project and our ongoing work: www.patreon.com/deadladiesshowpodcast If you prefer to make a one-time donation, here's the link: paypal.me/dlspodcast

In this episode, guest host Dr. Nicole Burrowes (Rutgers University) talks with Dr. Alissa Trotz (University of Toronto) about the legacy of Guyanese Black radical feminist organizer and thinker Andaiye. Andaiye was a long time activist and social critic who helped to organize the Working People's Alliance (WPA)and was a founding member of Read Thread. In April 2020, Trotz and Andaiye published a new collection of Andaiye's essays with Pluto Press: The Point is to Change the World. This intimate conversation explore Andaiye's legacy, the stakes of Black political struggle and gender rights, and the genealogy of Black organizing against racism and sexism in Guyana. Alissa Trotz is Professor of Caribbean Studies at New College and Director of Women and Gender Studies at the University of Toronto. She is also affiliate faculty at the Dame Nita Barrow Institute of Gender and Development Studies at the University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados.  Her research explores social reproduction,  neoliberalisation & feminist activisms; coloniality, racial formations, gendered difference and violence; transnational migration and diaspora. She is editor of the anthology The Point Is to Change the World: Selected Writings by Andaiye (Pluto Press Black Critique Series , 2020: https://www.plutobooks.com/9780745341279/the-point-is-to-change-the-world/). Her current research examines diaspora, indigeneity and extractivism in colonial Guyana. She is editor of “In the Diaspora,” a weekly newspaper column in the Guyanese daily, Stabroek News: https://inthecaribbeandiaspora.wordpress.com/about/; http://www.stabroeknews.com/category/features/in-the-diaspora/ Nicole Burrowes is an Assistant Professor in the Department of History at Rutgers University. Her research interests include social justice movements, comparative histories of racialization and colonialism, Black Internationalism, and the politics of solidarity. Her current book project, Seeds of Solidarity: African-Indian Relations and the 1935 Labor Rebellions in British Guiana, explores the historical possibility of a movement forged at the edge of empire in the midst of environmental, political and economic crises. Embedded in Caribbean feminist epistemologies, her work continues the tradition of proposing a framework for solidarity that gains power from recognizing, understanding and incorporating difference into struggle.In 2020, she was awarded two fellowships to support her research agenda: the American Council of Learned Societies Fellowship and the Woodrow Wilson Foundation’s Career Enhancement Fellowship.

"Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food." The quote, attributed to the Greek physician, Hippocrates, encapsulates the importance of nutrition and the extraordinary ability of certain foods to enhance our wellbeing. In this episode of the LLAMA podcast, we explore the rich array of benefits to be gained from plant foods and natural products and discover why foods rich in compounds known as phytochemicals are hugely beneficial in preventing some chronic conditions. Dr. Navindra Seeram is a professor at the University of Rhode Island, College of Pharmacy. A leading researcher in the science of plant foods, Dr. Seeram explains how, growing up in South America, with a tradition of using food as medicine, he first became aware of the potent power of plants. We delve into the unique components of pomegranate and other fruits, which can be used by the body to boost mitochondrial health. This LLAMA podcast episode is produced in association with Amazentis, an innovative life science company dedicated to employing breakthrough research and clinical science to bring advanced therapeutic nutrition products to life, under its Timeline brand.Disclosures: Dr. Seeram serves on the scientific advisory board of Amazentis, independently from his position with the University of Rhode Island. In this interview we cover:Growing up in British Guiana, a poor Third World country, learning about the power of plants as medicines. Developing a career as a natural product chemist.Understanding the anthocyanins or the pigments which make cherries red, blueberries blue, strawberries red and pomegranates red.Defining phytonutrients and phytochemicals.Deriving drugs from natural sources like plants.Revealing the multi-layered qualities of the pomegranate.Trillions of gut bacteria and why they are vital to the way we function.The importance of urolithin A as one of the metabolites we get from pomegranates.Understanding why we respond in different ways to the potentially beneficial compounds found in fruits. Being a responder or a non-responder to Urolithin A.Linking urolithin A to mitochondria - the powerhouse of the cell. Mitopure™ - a highly pure form of Urolithin A - and why it has the potential to “cut to the chase,” even for non-responders.Personalized nutrition and precision medicine. Simple diets, spices, coffee and red wine. Healthspan science, long-term wellbeing and reasons to keep on living. The Live Long and Master Aging podcast shares ideas but does not offer medical advice. If you have health concerns of any kind, or you are considering adopting a new diet or exercise regime, you should consult your doctor.

Elizabeth Fullington volunteered to be a monitor for the Music Festival held at the University of Central Florida, her first since migrating from her homeland and until then, the young woman who had grown up participating in The National Music Festivals in Guiana, she did not realize how much she had missed the life of music. She noticed that 95% of the students who participated in the festival seemed to be affluent, and she became curious about reaching students whose parents cannot afford to pay for music lessons. Ruby's legacy was beginning to surface.  Elizabeth researched and worked with a Board Member of the Boys & Girls Club to find a club that would like her service. She volunteered with the South West Orlando Boys & Girls Club, teaching a class of 23 students who transitioned to her private studio. And thus, began Ruby's legacy. Ruby was a strong believer in music education and the arts. She believed that everyone possessed creative talent and she persistently sought to avail the opportunity to students regardless of their age, financial, or social status. This foundation was therefore developed so that students with financial need can be given the opportunity to pursue their artistic educational and career goals. Ruby's approach to music education was innovative and quite eclectic. She offered her students a rich array of artistic experiences in performance, vocal pedagogy, piano techniques, poetic interpretation and theatrical acting. Her legacy was rich. She left no artistic stone unturned. She founded the first Ruby Holland School of Music in 1958 in British Guiana, South America. She was a strong supporter of the arts in her community where she produced many musical plays. The doors of opportunity were opened to children who wanted to learn music regardless of their age, financial or social status. Learn more at https://rubyhollandfoundation.org/  

This week, Graham Stewart speaks to Emiritus Professor of History at Exeter University, Jeremy Black, about historical reactions to national crises, and David Scullion discusses how Europe's response to the Coronavirus differs to that of Taiwan with Dr Radomir Tylecote. Dr Tylecote is a fellow at the IEA having studied State interventions in the Chinese Economy for his PhD which included fieldwork at Tsinghua University Beijing, having lived in China for two years. Right now we're offering 3 months for just £5. Go to thecritic.imbmsubscriptions.com/ for details. --- "Modern Jazz Samba" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Image: A poster produced by the British government in World War II, with the text 'Keep Calm And Carry On' on a background of the flag of British Guiana, circa 1939. (Photo by SSPL/National Archives/Getty Images)

Andrew Watson’s father, Peter Miller Watson, was the manager of a sugar plantation in British Guiana while his mother was a local woman called Anna (or Hannah) ...

With her family hailing from British Guiana, Stephanie Matthews discusses the challenges of growing up as a gay person of colour in 90s Britain. Her career trajectory has seen her take these lessons and experiences and apply them to helping others. She is a champion of diversity and inclusion in the workplace; the current President of Bloom UK and heavily involved in the Stonewall School Model Programme. Stephanie was recently appointed Partnerships Director at Creative Equals, a global agency championing inclusion and diversity in the creative industries. She previously worked as a senior campaign manager at The Virgin Group and at ITV and Channel 4. Links: http://www.creativeequals.org/ https://www.bloomuk.org/ A Pint With Seaniebee Please subscribe to support the podcast: www.patreon.com/seaniebee Audible Feast list of Best Podcast Series of 2016 & 2017: https://tinyurl.com/ya5yj9vs 50 Best Podcast Episodes list 2016 &2017: https://tinyurl.com/y7ryajat Release date: November 10th 2019 Runtime: 35m Recorded: London

In this podcast, Professor Gaiutra Bahadur of Rutgers University is in conversation with Audra A. Diptée. Professor Bahadur discusses the story of and challenges in writing her book "Coolie Woman" which was shortlisted for Britain's Orwell Prize. The podcast discusses the history of her great-grandmother who left India alone and pregnant in the early 20th century to go to British Guiana (modern day Guyana). Together Bahadur & Diptee discuss the ways in which the very remarkable story of her grandmother was in fact a very ordinary history of Indian women travelling to the Caribbean under the indentured labour system. They also discuss the challenges of recovering lost voices and the ways in which the politics and power of historical memory operates in the present day.

I'm talking to author Desiree Paul on Book Talk Radio Club. Desiree is the author of RACHEL: A Life Interrupted. The book is based on Desiree's Grandmother's true-life story of secrets, love, deceit, and betrayal. Born in British Guiana, Rachel’s story begins from her birth in Georgetown and goes onto London, Paris and New York where we learn about the nine children she bore and why she is called ‘a black widow’… let’s found it more shall we? You can visit Desiree's Book Talk Radio Club page at https://www.booktalkradio.info/desiree-paul

I'm talking to author Desiree Paul on Book Talk Radio Club. Desiree is the author of RACHEL: A Life Interrupted. The book is based on Desiree's Grandmother's true-life story of secrets, love, deceit, and betrayal. Born in British Guiana, Rachel’s story begins from her birth in Georgetown and goes onto London, Paris and New York where we learn about the nine children she bore and why she is called ‘a black widow’… let’s found it more shall we? You can visit Desiree's Book Talk Radio Club page at https://www.booktalkradio.info/desiree-paul

Mandate Radio: Ep. 278 (1/23/2019) Happy Wednesday everyone and welcome to Mandate Radio! This week resident philatelists Fitz and Frank talk Dark Souls (the board game), Red Dead 2, stamps, and more! This puttcast is worth exactly 1 British Guiana 1c magenta stamp!

Fall is a favorite season of mine and probably a favorite season to many of you. It’s also the time of year that my favorite honeycrisp apples are available. Like cotton candy grapes, these apples benefit from scarcity. Today, I break down what scarcity is and how you can apply this concept to your business. Scarcity is another concept in my lessons on behavioral economics foundations. Traditionally, scarcity is when an item is limited, but there is unlimited desire for that item. When we see something as scarce, we perceive that it has higher value. In today’s behavioral economics podcast, I will share stories and examples of how scarcity affects perceived value and how it relates with other foundational concepts like loss aversion. CLICK HERE FOR YOUR FREE DOWNLOAD! Show Notes [02:27] I love the fall, baking, and apple season. [03:12] My favorite apples, honeycrisp, are only available around certain times of the year. These apples have the benefit of scarcity, and that is what this episode is all about. [03:36] In today's episode, I break down what scarcity is and what happens in our brain when we perceive that something is scarce. I also give a lot of examples on how to implement this tactic in a business like yours. [06:00] Scarcity occurs when an item has limited availability, but unlimited demand. This includes resources like oil and water or more abstract resources like time. [06:22] We see things as more valuable when they are less readily available. [06:52] With a watch advertisement, people were actually willing to pay 50% more when they thought that the watch was scarce. [08:01] The most valuable stamp in the world, the British Guiana is valued at $11.5 million! [08:23] The first silver dollar printed and issued by the US government (called the flowing hair) sold for $10 million at auction. [09:32] Scarcity and value are closely tied together and for some reason our crazy brains think less is more. [09:38] Scarcity also triggers loss aversion. When something is scarce, we don't want to miss out on the opportunity to get it. [10:48] Examples of big brands using scarcity that you can use to apply in your own business. [10:51] Costco: People stock up when shopping at Costco, because they know that the great deal they find won't be there when they go back. Costco also has a great return policy to eliminate people's fear of making these purchases. [13:01] Starbucks: Right now it is time for the pumpkin spice latte. A drink made famous by Starbucks. Scarce items take on a life of their own. @theRealPSL even has its own Twitter account. [15:19] Scarcity can create cult followings which means other people do the marketing for you. [17:45] From rose gold Starbucks tumblers to rose gold Minnie Mouse ears, scarcity encourages items to sell. [18:40] These examples are a combination of scarcity and availability which will be the topic of next week's episode. [20:22] Real estate: Scarcity is implied. You can use words to trigger scarcity, such as limited time, extended, custom, handcrafted, one-of-a-kind, and close out. [21:21] There is value with holding firmly to specific hours. When you are booked you are booked. [21:52] When enforcing your hours, you need to say it with confidence. I talked about this in last week's episode about mindset. [22:51] If you aren't selling a product yourself, you can still you scarcity by putting on a contest. [24:07] The holidays are full of examples of scarcity. There are limited holiday treats, black Friday sales, and usually a big toy of the season. [25:26] When using scarcity think exclusivity instead of cheesy tactics. [25:50] Diamond engagement rings. Diamonds actually aren't that rare, and large diamond engagement rings weren't that popular until the 1940s. The concepts of scarcity and availability work together to make diamonds what they are today. [30:29] The diamond example is fascinating, and next week I will talk a lot more about it. Basically, they used scarcity to create perceived value. [32:49] You can book a strategy session with me for 10% off if you book by September 30. That 10% discount also applies to the workshop in Seattle on October 24. [34:08] I will be giving my Consumers Are Weird talk at the Arkansas Bankers Association Mega Conference in Little Rock next week - will you be there? [34:38] I will also be in Portland, Maine in a couple of weeks. Email melina@thebrainybusiness.com if you would like to connect. Thanks for listening. Don’t forget to subscribe on Apple Podcasts or Android. If you like what you heard, please leave a review on iTunes and share what you liked about the show. Links and Resources: TheBrainyBiz on Instagram Episode 2 The Top 5 Wording Mistakes Businesses Make The 10 Behavioral Economics Concepts You Need To Know (And How To Apply Them)What is 'Scarcity' Influence: Science and Practice (5th Edition) Narcissists as consumers: The effects of perceived scarcity on processing of product information Episode 8 What is Value? The Top 10 Most Expensive Stamps In The World The Five Most Expensive Coins Ever Sold at Auction Episode 9 Behavioral Economics Foundations: Loss Aversion Costco Business Model and Their Strategy @TheRealPSL on Twitter Episode 5 The Truth About Pricing Want a Starbucks Unicorn Frappuccino? Too bad. Most stores sold out Starbucks Coffee Rose Gold Pink Sequin 24oz Venti Tumbler Cold Cup The Rarest and Best Disney Mickey and Minnie Mouse Ears How ‘Tickle Me Elmo’ Caused Holiday Hysteria Back In 1996 Have You Ever Tried to Sell a Diamond?  

American science and empire have a long mutual history. In American Tropics: The Caribbean Roots of Biodiversity Science (University of North Carolina Press, 2017), Megan Raby takes us to Caribbean sites that expanded the reach of American ecology and tropical biology. Research stations in Cuba, British Guiana, Panama and Jamaica... Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

American science and empire have a long mutual history. In American Tropics: The Caribbean Roots of Biodiversity Science (University of North Carolina Press, 2017), Megan Raby takes us to Caribbean sites that expanded the reach of American ecology and tropical biology. Research stations in Cuba, British Guiana, Panama and Jamaica...

American science and empire have a long mutual history. In American Tropics: The Caribbean Roots of Biodiversity Science (University of North Carolina Press, 2017), Megan Raby takes us to Caribbean sites that expanded the reach of American ecology and tropical biology. Research stations in Cuba, British Guiana, Panama and Jamaica... Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

American science and empire have a long mutual history. In American Tropics: The Caribbean Roots of Biodiversity Science (University of North Carolina Press, 2017), Megan Raby takes us to Caribbean sites that expanded the reach of American ecology and tropical biology. Research stations in Cuba, British Guiana, Panama and Jamaica served as laboratories for Americans in search of knowledge from “the tropics.”  Here, often at the expense of local populations and resident scientists, U.S. scientists developed the concept of biodiversity as they worked to make sense of the species and ecosystems at their doorstep. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

American science and empire have a long mutual history. In American Tropics: The Caribbean Roots of Biodiversity Science (University of North Carolina Press, 2017), Megan Raby takes us to Caribbean sites that expanded the reach of American ecology and tropical biology. Research stations in Cuba, British Guiana, Panama and Jamaica... Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

American science and empire have a long mutual history. In American Tropics: The Caribbean Roots of Biodiversity Science (University of North Carolina Press, 2017), Megan Raby takes us to Caribbean sites that expanded the reach of American ecology and tropical biology. Research stations in Cuba, British Guiana, Panama and Jamaica served as laboratories for Americans in search of knowledge from “the tropics.”  Here, often at the expense of local populations and resident scientists, U.S. scientists developed the concept of biodiversity as they worked to make sense of the species and ecosystems at their doorstep. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

American science and empire have a long mutual history. In American Tropics: The Caribbean Roots of Biodiversity Science (University of North Carolina Press, 2017), Megan Raby takes us to Caribbean sites that expanded the reach of American ecology and tropical biology. Research stations in Cuba, British Guiana, Panama and Jamaica served as laboratories for Americans in search of knowledge from “the tropics.”  Here, often at the expense of local populations and resident scientists, U.S. scientists developed the concept of biodiversity as they worked to make sense of the species and ecosystems at their doorstep. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

American science and empire have a long mutual history. In American Tropics: The Caribbean Roots of Biodiversity Science (University of North Carolina Press, 2017), Megan Raby takes us to Caribbean sites that expanded the reach of American ecology and tropical biology. Research stations in Cuba, British Guiana, Panama and Jamaica served as laboratories for Americans in search of knowledge from “the tropics.”  Here, often at the expense of local populations and resident scientists, U.S. scientists developed the concept of biodiversity as they worked to make sense of the species and ecosystems at their doorstep. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

American science and empire have a long mutual history. In American Tropics: The Caribbean Roots of Biodiversity Science (University of North Carolina Press, 2017), Megan Raby takes us to Caribbean sites that expanded the reach of American ecology and tropical biology. Research stations in Cuba, British Guiana, Panama and Jamaica served as laboratories for Americans in search of knowledge from “the tropics.”  Here, often at the expense of local populations and resident scientists, U.S. scientists developed the concept of biodiversity as they worked to make sense of the species and ecosystems at their doorstep. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Recorded live 15th of November, 2017 at Radio Campus Paris 93.9fm. Part 1 w/ Philippe Noel Tropical Mix (Tracks from Angola, Kenya, Dominican Republic, Cuba, British Guiana, Nigeria, Congo, Benin & Panama) Part 2 w/ Sercan Sezgin Pharoah Sanders- Thembi Ohio Penitentiary 511 Jazz Ensemble-Psych City T.K. Ramamoorthy- Mohana T.K. Ramamoorthy- Kanakangi TPAO Batman Orkestrasi- Fırat Kenarında Yüzer Kayıklar Mehrpouya- Dokhtare Shab Ahmed Malek- Tikjda Zafer Dilek ve Ork- Avuclarimda Hala Ahit ve Cahit Oben Orkestrası- Karacaoglan Abdou El Omari- Mawa'Aid Okay Temiz / Johnny Dyani- Sark Gezintileri | Orient Trip Ahmed Abdul-Malik- Maghrebi Johnny Dyani, Okay Temiz, Mongezi Feza- Witchdoctor's Son Yusef Lateef- Morning Sun Ra- Introduction Find more of Canicule Tropicale's mixes here: https://soundcloud.com/caniculetropicale

Coming Up Good Evening: 00:42:19 Folly Blaine’s British Guiana, 1853 as read by Paul S. Jenkins: 00:02:13 Zachary Seibert’s Fox Glen Road as read by Seth Williams: 00:40:26 Pleasant Dreams: 01:09:58 Pertinent Links The District of Wonders Network Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/districtofwonders Folly Blaine: http://www.follyblaine.com/ Paul S. Jenkins, Skepticule: http://www.skepticule.com/ Paul S. Jenkins, Notes from an Evil Burnee: http://www.evilburnee.co.uk/ Paul S. Jenkins, The Plitone Revisionist: http://www.plitone.com/ Zachary Seibart: https://talesofthevastland.wordpress.com/ Zachary Seibart, Amazon Author Page: https://www.amazon.com/Zachary-Seibert/e/B00EH3RVHG Seth Williams: http://www.theboojum.org/ See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

They could starve in India or work like slaves on the sugarcane plantations of British Guiana; that was the choice for thousands of Indians who left home from 1838-1917. One was journalist Gaiutra Bahadur’s great-grandmother Sajuria, who, pregnant and alone, immigrated in 1903. Bahadur seeks her story in Coolie Woman: An Odyssey of Indenture. Indenture provided cheap labor after Britain abolished slavery, and the indentured weren’t treated much better than slaves. Women had it worse, as victims of domestic violence. The abolition of indenture was “the first significant victory” for Indian nationalism, Bahadur tells a LaGuardia Community College audience.

In this episode, Randy Williams will provide us with his life story of immigrating to the United States from British Guiana and eventually becoming the most decorated officer in the history of the FAA.  Randy now works as a private consultant with clients to defend civil rights and liberties.    Having been faced with some difficult situations in life, Randy had more than enough reason to lose sight of his passion and purpose but has been steadfast in his pursuit of helping others realize their potential and achieve their dreams. Randy is Chris' personal Life Coach and Mentor, having known one another for over 20 years.

The talk explores the role of ethnic (Indian, African, Portuguese), ideological and religious factors in the shaping of the anti-communist crusade in British Guiana.

Institute for the Study of the Americas Fifty Years Without JFK: Rethinking Global Diplomacy Americas: Panel 2 Kennedy and British Guiana: A Cold War International History Robert Anthony Waters Jr. (Ohio Northern University) This paper will...

Institute for the Study of the Americas Fifty Years Without JFK: Rethinking Global Diplomacy Americas: Panel 2 Kennedy and British Guiana: A Cold War International History Robert Anthony Waters Jr. (Ohio Northern University) This paper will...