Podcasts about enc

En Côte d'Ivoire, la campagne de commercialisation de l'anacarde bat son plein. Le Conseil Coton Anacarde table cette année sur un peu plus d'un million trois cent mille tonnes de noix, une production soutenue, à l'instar de ces dernières années, mais qui pourrait néanmoins baisser de 200 000 tonnes par rapport à l'année dernière. Certaines zones du pays connaissent des difficultés, notamment en raison du décalage des saisons des pluies, c'est le cas dans le Bounkani, dans le nord-est du pays. De notre envoyée spéciale de retour de Bouna, C'est une plantation d'anacardiers qui s'étend sur 3 ha. Cette saison, Kouamé Ouattara estime être au chômage technique, car son verger n'a quasiment rien produit. « Il y a trois ans, je pouvais gagner 500 kg par hectare. Mais maintenant, je n'arrive même pas à récolter deux sacs (d'anacardes) sur les 3 ha ». Selon ce paysan, la situation serait liée à un bouleversement dans la saison des pluies. « Normalement, on doit avoir de grandes pluies entre novembre et décembre qui permettent à l'anacardier de fleurir. Mais [cette année], la pluie s'est arrêtée en octobre, déplore-t-il. Octobre, novembre, décembre, janvier, février, il n'y a pas eu de pluie. Lorsque la floraison a échoué une fois, il faut attendre l'année suivante. Donc, la campagne a échoué ». Autre conséquence : les apiculteurs, qui entretiennent des ruches dans les plantations d'anacarde, se retrouvent avec des productions de miel quasiment inexistantes. « Nous n'avons pas assez de miel actuellement, souligne Koffi Ouattara, le président de l'association des apiculteurs de Koflangué. L'année passée, nous avons eu 100 litres de miel. Mais cette année, seulement 30 litres. Du coup, chez nous, c'est une perte ». À écouter dans 8 milliards de voisinsAura-t-on encore du miel et des abeilles à l'avenir? Des pratiques culturales à corriger Au-delà des raisons climatiques, cette situation serait liée à de mauvaises pratiques culturales, selon le Dr Sibirina Soro, enseignant-chercheur à l'université de Daloa et coordonnateur du projet national de recherche sur l'anacardier. « Tout cela est lié en grande partie à la densité du verger. Beaucoup de vergers sont sous forme de forêt : la densité de départ n'a pas été respectée, explique-t-il. Aujourd'hui, on est en train de conseiller aux planteurs de réhabiliter ces vergers pour qu'ils aient la densité intéressante. La moyenne préconisée est de 100 pieds/ha ». Sibirina Soro organise par ailleurs chaque année des formations pour lutter contre les insectes ravageurs. Il préconise un meilleur accompagnement des paysans car en Côte d'Ivoire, les producteurs n'utilisent pas de produits chimiques dans leurs champs d'anacarde. Ils sont donc plus exposés aux pertes en cas de mauvaise récolte. À lire aussiAnacarde en Côte d'Ivoire: vers un renforcement de la transformation locale?

O "Ulrich Responde" é uma série de vídeos onde analiso os recentes acontecimento da economia no Brasil e no Mundo e respondo perguntas enviadas por membros do canal e seguidores, abordando temas de economia, finanças e investimentos. Oferecemos uma análise profunda, trazendo informações para quem quer entender melhor a economia e tomar decisões financeiras mais informadas.Nesta edição: bolsas mundiais na máxima enquanto o Ibovespa fecha maio em queda de 7%, o pior mês em mais de 3 anos. Comento a dívida brasileira que já passou de 93% do PIB pela metodologia do FMI, o IPO da SpaceX e o que ele revela sobre a bolha de IA, o dólar a 8 reais, a intervenção recorde do Japão para segurar o iene, o socorro ao BRB no rastro do escândalo do Master, o fim da escala 6x1, a encíclica do Papa sobre IA e a polêmica Ferrari elétrica.00:00 - Introdução e destaques da semana01:36 - Panorama geral do mercado financeiro mundial03:30 - Inflação no Brasil e o IPCA-1504:17 - PIB do Brasil no primeiro trimestre05:41 - O crescimento preocupante da dívida pública06:55 - Pesquisas eleitorais e cenário político nacional08:17 - Polymarket e boatos sobre saúde de Lula09:47 - Socorro ao BRB e crise bancária10:55 - Encontro de Flávio Bolsonaro com Trump11:44 - Designação do PCC e CV como terroristas13:22 - O debate sobre o fim da escala 6x116:10 - Geopolítica mundial e conflito no Irã18:13 - Queda nos preços do petróleo e commodities18:46 - IPO da SpaceX e a bolha de IA20:26 - Rodada de investimento bilionária na Anthropic21:13 - Encíclica do Papa Leão XIV sobre IA24:40 - Boom dos semicondutores e a Nvidia27:37 - Emissão de dívida global ligada à IA28:44 - Inflação nos EUA e taxas do Fed29:23 - Crise cambial e intervenção no iene japonês31:06 - Relações EUA-China e desvalorização do dólar32:06 - Desempenho do Bitcoin e fluxo de ETFs33:18 - Ferrari elétrica gera polêmicas no mercado36:03 - Pergunta: Bitcoin e as moedas fiat36:40 - Pergunta: O dólar chegará a 8 reais?38:43 - Pergunta: Retorno do ouro versus M2 global39:47 - Pergunta: Melhores fontes e canais sobre IA41:05 - Considerações finais e encerramento do vídeo

En Côte d'Ivoire, à quelques jours du coup d'envoi de la Coupe du monde 2026, l'effervescence dépasse les frontières du football pour contaminer toute la famille sportive ivoirienne. Ravis de voir les Éléphants footballeurs sur la scène internationale, après 12 ans d'absence, des supporters – un peu particuliers – s'apprêtent à revivre les émotions du Mondial. Athlètes professionnels d'autres disciplines, ils partagent leur enthousiasme et leurs attentes de l'équipe menée par le sélectionneur Emerse Faé. Reportage de Moh Lameen Sy Savané, au Palais des Sports d'Abidjan. À lire aussiMondial 2026: Elye Wahi, nouveau renfort de poids pour les Éléphants de Côte d'Ivoire À lire aussiLes qualifiés pour la Coupe du monde 2026: tout le Maroc y croit [1/10]

https://opusdei.org/es-es/article/enciclica-magnifica-humanitas-leon-xiv-ia/ Desde este enlace pueden acceder en distintos formatos a la Encíclica. La Iglesia nunca da puntada sin hilo y, se sea o no católico, merece la pena leerla. El debate está servido porque nos da muchas claves para poner encima de la mesa. . Podcast asociado a la red de SOSPECHOSOS HABITUALES. Suscríbase con este feed: https://wt.territoriolinux.es/rss/short.xml

O começo de conversa é um programa que antecede o "Uma Conversa" da semana, sempre com algum artigo que vai ajudar a compreender o tema a ser abordado. Nessa semana lemos um trecho da Encíclica Magnifica Humanitas de Leão XIV.| Site: https://umaconversa.com.br/| Apadrinhe: https://apoia.se/patraodoumaconversa| Redes Sociais: @1Conversa| E-Mail: conversaconosco@gmail.com

SEGUINOS EN INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/historia.en.podcast/ Con motivo de la publicación de la Encíclica Magnifica Humanitas del Papa León XIV, decidimos analizar los grandes enfrentamientos que otros pontífices con ese nombre han tenido a lo largo de la historia, desde Atila, pasando por Carlomagno, la Revolución industrial, la crisis medieval de la Iglesia hasta la IA. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Encárgate de tu corazón que mi amor siempre fluya que no se forme ningún coagulo que te impida recibir el oxigeno directo desde mi corazón. Te amo no lo dudes ni un segundo.

The Esports World Cup 2026 will not be in Riyadh, and the industry that couldn't stop tweeting five years ago has gone completely silent.   Thorin, Richard Lewis, and MonteCristo reunite to break down what the EWC's last-minute move to Paris actually reveals about the Saudi Arabian sportswashing project. The official line is that this was always part of the plan. The reality, per Richard's reporting, is that boots-on-the-ground staff were being told it was 100% Riyadh the day before the announcement. That gap between the press release and what people were actually told is the whole story.   PrizePicks: Visit https://prizepicks.onelink.me/LME0/HORSEMEN and use code HORSEMEN and get $50 in lineups when you play your first $5 lineup!   Factor: Head to https://Factormeals.com/horsemen50off and use code horsemen50off to get 50 percent off and free daily greens per box, with new subscription only, while supplies last until 09/27/2026.   Raycon: The Everyday Earbuds Classic are the perfect addition to your everyday routine! Go to https://buyraycon.com/horsemen to get 15% off. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Comentario de las palabras del Papa León XIV sobre la Virgen María en su Encíclica "Magnifica Humanitas", que hoy ha presentado oficialmente. También hablamos con Andrés Jiménez (que dirige el programa "Ojos para ver"), sobre Gaudí y la importancia de que el Papa bendiga e inaugure la Torre de Jesucristo de la Sagrada Familia, en Barcelona, el próximo 10 de junio.

Encéphalomyélite Myalgique : derrière ce terme compliqué, se cache une maladie chronique qui touchedes millions de personnes à travers le monde, encore plus depuis la pandémie de Covid-19.En se calant sur les estimations allemandes, on peut estimer qu'aujourd'hui plus de... Continue Reading →

Fluent Fiction - French: Along the Seine: Love Blossoms Amidst Parisian Spring Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/fr/episode/2026-05-20-07-38-19-fr Story Transcript:Fr: Le soleil brille sur Paris.En: The sun shines on Paris.Fr: Le printemps habille la ville de couleurs vives.En: Spring dresses the city in bright colors.Fr: Luc et Céline se promènent le long de la Seine.En: Luc and Céline walk along the Seine.Fr: Les arbres sont en fleurs, et l'air est doux.En: The trees are in bloom, and the air is gentle.Fr: Luc a passé la semaine à préparer cette journée.En: Luc spent the week preparing for this day.Fr: Il veut montrer à Céline qu'il peut être attentif et charmant.En: He wants to show Céline that he can be attentive and charming.Fr: Les touristes prennent des photos, et les artistes vendent leurs peintures.En: Tourists take photographs, and artists sell their paintings.Fr: Luc regarde Céline souriante.En: Luc watches Céline smiling.Fr: Son cœur bat fort.En: His heart beats strongly.Fr: Il espère que tout se passera bien.En: He hopes everything will go well.Fr: Soudain, Céline s'arrête.En: Suddenly, Céline stops.Fr: Elle pose une main sur son front.En: She places a hand on her forehead.Fr: Elle vacille légèrement.En: She sways slightly.Fr: Luc s'inquiète.En: Luc becomes worried.Fr: "Ça va, Céline ?"En: "Are you okay, Céline?"Fr: demande-t-il, la voix tremblante.En: he asks, a tremble in his voice.Fr: Céline respire profondément.En: Céline takes a deep breath.Fr: "Je suis juste un peu étourdie," murmure-t-elle.En: "I'm just a bit dizzy," she murmurs.Fr: "Cela arrive parfois."En: "It happens sometimes."Fr: Elle tente de sourire pour le rassurer.En: She tries to smile to reassure him.Fr: Luc ne sait pas quoi faire.En: Luc doesn't know what to do.Fr: Il veut continuer cette belle après-midi, mais il est inquiet pour Céline.En: He wants to continue this beautiful afternoon, but he is worried about Céline.Fr: Elle insiste qu'elle va bien, qu'elle a juste besoin de s'asseoir un instant.En: She insists that she is fine, that she just needs to sit down for a moment.Fr: "Céline, es-tu sûre ?"En: "Céline, are you sure?"Fr: demande Luc, les yeux anxieux.En: Luc asks, his eyes anxious.Fr: Elle hoche la tête, mais quelque chose dans son regard inquiète Luc profondément.En: She nods, but something in her look deeply worries Luc.Fr: Il décide de ne pas écouter ses protestations légères.En: He decides not to listen to her mild protests.Fr: Il appelle rapidement un médecin.En: He quickly calls a doctor.Fr: Il sait que c'est mieux ainsi.En: He knows it's better this way.Fr: Peu après, l'ambulance arrive.En: Soon after, the ambulance arrives.Fr: Céline est prise en charge par une équipe attentive.En: Céline is cared for by a diligent team.Fr: Luc reste à ses côtés, serrant doucement sa main.En: Luc stays by her side, gently holding her hand.Fr: "Céline, ta santé est plus importante que tout," dit Luc quand ils sont seuls, conscients de l'effervescence autour d'eux.En: "Céline, your health is more important than anything," says Luc when they are alone, aware of the bustle around them.Fr: Céline l'observe, touchée par sa sollicitude.En: Céline observes him, touched by his concern.Fr: "Merci, Luc," souffle-t-elle, reconnaissante.En: "Thank you, Luc," she whispers, grateful.Fr: "Tu as fait le bon choix."En: "You made the right choice."Fr: Luc sourit timidement.En: Luc smiles shyly.Fr: Ce jour où il voulait tant impressionner Céline, il a appris quelque chose d'important.En: On this day, when he wanted so much to impress Céline, he learned something important.Fr: Prendre soin de ceux qu'on aime est une priorité.En: Caring for those you love is a priority.Fr: Céline le regarde maintenant avec une nouvelle tendresse.En: Céline now looks at him with newfound tenderness.Fr: Ils savent tous les deux que cet après-midi le long de la Seine a été plus qu'une simple promenade.En: They both know that this afternoon along the Seine was more than just a walk.Fr: C'était un pas vers quelque chose de plus profond.En: It was a step towards something deeper.Fr: Quand la lumière dorée du soir tombe sur la Seine, Luc et Céline repartent ensemble, le cœur apaisé.En: When the golden evening light falls on the Seine, Luc and Céline leave together, their hearts at ease.Fr: Ils savent que leur relation a pris un tournant important, fort de la confiance et de la compassion partagées.En: They know that their relationship has taken an important turn, strengthened by shared trust and compassion. Vocabulary Words:the sun: le soleilthe spring: le printempsthe city: la villein bloom: en fleursgentle: douxattentive: attentifcharming: charmantthe tourists: les touristestake photographs: prennent des photosthe paintings: les peinturesto sway: vacillerthe forehead: le frontto whisper: murmurerdizzy: étourdieto reassure: rassurerworried: inquietanxious: anxieuxmild protests: protestations légèresthe doctor: le médecinquickly: rapidementthe ambulance: l'ambulancea diligent team: une équipe attentiveto hold: serrershared trust: la confiance partagéecompassion: la compassionthe health: la santéthe concern: la sollicitudegrateful: reconnaissantetenderness: la tendresseto impress: impressionner

En Côte d'Ivoire, c'est une page qui se tourne. Après avoir organisé et supervisé les élections pendant un quart de siècle, la Commission électorale indépendante n'existe plus. Quel bilan dressez-vous de cette institution contestée par l'opposition ? À quoi devra ressembler la nouvelle structure censée garantir des élections apaisées ? Vos réactions nous intéressent.  Standard : +33 9 693 693 70 Mail : appels.actu@rfi.fr Facebook : Appels sur l'actualité - RFI Twitter : @appelsactu

Un informe remitido al Congreso indica que el Gobierno tiene detectadas a 600 narcolanchas calificadas amenaza a la seguridad nacional. Están realizando una amplia vigilancia del estrecho en las costas de Huelva, donde fallecieron los dos guardias civiles durante las persecuciones más recientes. El penúltimo día de campaña el candidato del PP, Juan Manuel Moreno, ha sido entrevistado por Juan Ramón Lucas desde nuestra casa, Radio Nacional.En Córdoba, los trabajadores de la empresa de basuras una concentración para protestar por el estado de la flota de camiones, reclamar aumento de plantilla y del salario.La Capilla Ardiente se mantiene abierta para aquellos que quieran despedirse del cantaor El Cabrero, uno de los de los más respetados del circuito flamenco de las últimas décadas.Escuchar audio

Fluent Fiction - French: From Rain to Radiance: A Meditation Retreat's Unexpected Gift Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/fr/episode/2026-05-13-07-38-19-fr Story Transcript:Fr: Le soleil se levait doucement sur la Provence.En: The sun was gently rising over Provence.Fr: L'air du printemps était chargé d'un parfum de lavande et de terre humide.En: The spring air was filled with the scent of lavender and moist earth.Fr: Au loin, l'on pouvait entendre le chant des cigales.En: In the distance, one could hear the song of the cicadas.Fr: Émile, un instructeur de yoga méticuleux, se tenait devant la grande fenêtre de la maison de pierre rustique.En: Émile, a meticulous yoga instructor, stood in front of the large window of the rustic stone house.Fr: Ce week-end était spécial.En: This weekend was special.Fr: Il allait organiser un atelier de méditation spirituelle.En: He was going to host a spiritual meditation workshop.Fr: Émile était souvent perdu dans ses pensées.En: Émile was often lost in his thoughts.Fr: Son objectif était clair : il voulait que cet atelier soit un succès retentissant.En: His goal was clear: he wanted this workshop to be a resounding success.Fr: Mais intérieurement, il luttait contre une peur constante de l'échec.En: But internally, he struggled with a constant fear of failure.Fr: Son ami et collègue, Henri, était aussi dans le coup.En: His friend and colleague, Henri, was also involved.Fr: Henri était jovial, toujours prêt à aider.En: Henri was jovial, always ready to help.Fr: Il connaissait bien la région et apportait souvent une touche d'humour bienvenue.En: He knew the region well and often brought a welcome touch of humor.Fr: Avec eux, Céline, une participante curieuse et ouverte d'esprit, était arrivée tôt pour profiter des lieux.En: With them, Céline, a curious and open-minded participant, had arrived early to enjoy the surroundings.Fr: Les champs de lavande ondulaient sous la brise, et des oliviers centenaires parsemaient le paysage.En: The lavender fields rippled under the breeze, and hundred-year-old olive trees dotted the landscape.Fr: Tout semblait parfait jusqu'à ce que le ciel se couvre brusquement.En: Everything seemed perfect until the sky suddenly darkened.Fr: Une pluie inattendue se mit à tomber.En: An unexpected rain began to fall.Fr: Émile observa par la fenêtre, inquiet.En: Émile watched through the window, worried.Fr: La livraison des tapis de méditation et autres fournitures n'était jamais arrivée.En: The delivery of meditation mats and other supplies had never arrived.Fr: Ses plans méticuleusement préparés semblaient sur le point de s'effondrer.En: His meticulously prepared plans seemed about to collapse.Fr: Mais au lieu de succomber à la panique, il avait une idée.En: But instead of succumbing to panic, he had an idea.Fr: Émile rassembla tous les participants dans le salon chaleureux du lodge.En: Émile gathered all the participants in the cozy living room of the lodge.Fr: Il prit une profonde inspiration.En: He took a deep breath.Fr: "Nous allons improviser," annonça-t-il.En: "We are going to improvise," he announced.Fr: "Chacun va m'aider.En: "Everyone is going to help me.Fr: Nous allons utiliser ce que la nature nous offre."En: We will use what nature offers us."Fr: Avec Henri, ils organisèrent une séance de méditation en plein air, malgré la pluie.En: With Henri, they organized an outdoor meditation session, despite the rain.Fr: Sous les lourds nuages gris, les participants prenaient place sur des matelas improvisés de foin et de tissus.En: Under the heavy gray clouds, the participants took their places on improvised mats of hay and fabric.Fr: La pluie tombait en fines gouttes, créant une mélodie apaisante autour d'eux.En: The rain fell in fine drops, creating a soothing melody around them.Fr: Émile guida la méditation avec douceur.En: Émile gently guided the meditation.Fr: La pluie, d'abord perçue comme un obstacle, devint un allié.En: The rain, first perceived as an obstacle, became an ally.Fr: Elle lavait les craintes et libérait les esprits.En: It washed away fears and freed minds.Fr: Les visages étaient sereins, connectés les uns aux autres et à la nature.En: The faces were serene, connected to each other and to nature.Fr: La méditation sous la pluie prit une dimension quasi mystique.En: The meditation in the rain took on an almost mystical dimension.Fr: À la fin de la session, Émile observa les visages des participants.En: At the end of the session, Émile observed the participants' faces.Fr: Ils étaient rayonnants, reconnaissants.En: They were radiant, grateful.Fr: Céline s'approcha de lui.En: Céline approached him.Fr: "Merci, Émile.En: "Thank you, Émile.Fr: C'était magnifique.En: It was beautiful.Fr: Inattendu, mais enrichissant."En: Unexpected, but enriching."Fr: Les autres acquiescèrent.En: The others nodded in agreement.Fr: Un sentiment d'accomplissement l'envahit.En: A feeling of accomplishment filled him.Fr: Ce jour-là, Émile apprit une leçon précieuse.En: That day, Émile learned a valuable lesson.Fr: L'imperfection pouvait être belle.En: Imperfection could be beautiful.Fr: Tout ne devait pas être parfait pour être réussi.En: Not everything had to be perfect to be successful.Fr: Cette expérience unique lui avait montré la voie vers l'acceptation et la confiance en soi.En: This unique experience had shown him the path to acceptance and self-confidence.Fr: Le week-end touchait à sa fin.En: The weekend was coming to an end.Fr: Le soleil revenait lentement.En: The sun was slowly returning.Fr: Émile, le cœur léger, savait qu'il avait gagné quelque chose de bien plus précieux que la reconnaissance : la paix intérieure.En: Émile, with a light heart, knew he had gained something far more precious than recognition: inner peace. Vocabulary Words:the window: la fenêtrethe lodge: le lodgethe rain: la pluiethe breeze: la brisethe meadow: la prairiethe workshop: l'atelierthe scent: le parfumthe song: le chantthe instructor: l'instructeurthe failure: l'échecthe cicada: la cigalethe participant: le participantthe delivery: la livraisonthe supply: la fourniturethe mat: le tapisthe cloud: le nuagethe obstacle: l'obstaclethe dimension: la dimensionthe landscape: le paysagethe melody: la mélodiethe fear: la peurthe interior: l'intérieurthe heart: le cœurthe meditation: la méditationthe idea: l'idéethe session: la sessionthe hay: le fointhe drop: la gouttethe ally: l'alliéthe confidence: la confiance

Les journalistes et experts de RFI répondent également à vos questions sur les polémiques autour de l'arbitrage durant le match retour Bayern-PSG, une loi chinoise pour ne pas céder aux sanctions américaines et la candidature de Jean-Luc Mélenchon à la présidentielle 2027. Côte d'Ivoire : pourquoi dissoudre la Commission électorale indépendante maintenant ?   En Côte d'Ivoire, la Commission électorale indépendante, la CEI, n'existe plus. Le gouvernement a acté sa dissolution mercredi à l'issue du Conseil des ministres, tournant ainsi la page d'une institution qui organisait les élections dans le pays depuis près d'un quart de siècle. Cette décision intervient après des années de contestation de la part de l'opposition qui accusait régulièrement la CEI de manquer d'impartialité. Comment le gouvernement justifie-t-il cette mesure maintenant ? Quelles options sont envisagées pour remplacer la Commission électorale ? Avec Abdoul Aziz Diallo, correspondant de RFI à Abidjan.       Bayern-PSG : l'arbitrage a-t-il été défaillant ?   Éliminés par le PSG en demi-finale de Ligue des champions (1-1 au retour : 5-6 score cumulé), les Bavarois ne décolèrent pas après certaines décisions arbitrales. En conférence de presse, Vincent Kompany a reproché à l'arbitre de ne pas avoir expulsé Nuno Mendes à la 29ᵉ minute. Déjà averti par un carton jaune, le joueur portugais a interrompu une action avec une main décollée. Deux minutes plus tard, c'est au tour de João Neves de dévier la trajectoire du ballon de la main. Pourquoi ces deux fautes n'ont-elles pas été sifflées ? Cette double polémique est-elle justifiée ?   Avec Antoine Grognet, journaliste au service des sports de RFI.     Chine : quelle est cette loi chinoise contre les sanctions américaines ?   Alors que les États-Unis ont sanctionné cinq raffineries chinoises accusées d'acheter illégalement du pétrole iranien, Pékin a activé une loi interdisant à ces entreprises de respecter les sanctions américaines. C'est la première fois que la Chine utilise cet outil mis en place en 2021 pour lutter contre l'extraterritorialité des lois étrangères. Pourquoi maintenant ? Quels risques encourent les entreprises chinoises qui décident de respecter les sanctions américaines ? Avec Clea Broadhurst, correspondante permanente de RFI à Pékin.     France : pourquoi Jean-Luc Mélenchon se présente à la présidentielle 2027 ?   Le leader de la France insoumise sera bien candidat à l'élection présidentielle de l'année prochaine. Pourtant au soir du premier tour de 2022, Jean-Luc Mélenchon avait laissé entendre qu'il ne se présenterait plus. Un souhait qu'il a plusieurs fois réitéré ces dernières années. Comment justifie-t-il la décision de se présenter pour la quatrième fois consécutive ? Sa candidature fait-elle l'unanimité au sein de LFI ? Comment réagit le reste de la gauche ?   Avec Victorien Willaume, journaliste au service politique de RFI.  

Un agente de la Guardia Civil ha fallecido en acto de servicio tras la colisión de dos embarcaciones del Servicio Marítimo durante una persecución a una narcolancha en la costa de Huelva.En los comicios de esta campaña electoral están llamados a votar casi 369 mil jóvenes por primera vez, el 5% del censo andaluz. En Córdoba, una mujer con discapacidad física, psíquica e intelectual de la localidad de Bujalance podría perder su vivienda tras haberse ordenado la ejecución de su desahucio. Se culpa a la administración por hacer que cobrara indebidamente el Ingreso Mínimo Vital.Se ultiman los preparativos en el Parque González Hontoria para una nueva edición de la Feria del Caballo de Jerez.Sevilla se convierte en el escenario de la nueva temporada de la serie Berlín, el spin-off de la casa de papel. Escuchar audio

Mayor Tom Koch talks about the budget presentation this past Monday night before the Quincy City Council and the rare opportunity Quincy has to purchase the ENC property.

We break down Faker's persistent wrist injury theory, whether T1 can make MSI, and why Keria's three-year re-signing might be the best news T1 fans have had all split.   FUM: FÜM has already helped over 700,000 people take steps toward better habits, and now it's your turn! Head to https://tryfum.com/ and use code SUMMONING to claim your free gift today!   Raycon: High-quality earbuds without the premium price tag. Get 15% off the everyday earbuds classics at https://buyraycon.com/LFN   Polymarket — Livetrade on LoL today on Polymarket: https://polymarket.com/?via=lastfreenation-eeux   Factor Meals: Chef-prepared meals delivered to your door. Use code LFN50OFF at https://factormeals.com/LFN50off to get 50% off plus free daily greens per box with a new subscription. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Send us Fan MailJermaine was a guest on FIT back on Episode 249 in early January. On that episode, Jermaine shared how he was making almost 2k per month moonlighting as a DoorDash delivery man. After learning Jermaine's story, he looked in the mirror and said it is time for a change. As a husband and father of three, 45-year old Jermaine, realized he is essentially starting from nothing...enough money to pay the monthly bills BUT...-Zero in savings-Debt on a Jeep-No investments -Nothing for retirement As co-workers and new-found friends, I offered Jermaine some FREE FIT financial coaching. We got started on January 15th and he is back to give us his first update, just months later. During this time period, a car broke down, wife saw 30% in reduced hours, mother was diagnosed with cancer, and DoorDash was shut down by the biggest winter storm ENC has faced since the 80's. Did Jermaine meet his goals? Where is he now? This episode will address Phase I and II of Jermaine's story...Phase I-Jan 15 to Feb 1Phase II-Feb 1 to April 15Listen in as we try to take Jermaine from just scraping by, to a life of future abundance and security! 

En Côte d'Ivoire, le PDCI créé par Félix Houphouët-Boigny célèbre ses 80 ans. Un anniversaire sur fond de crise. Après avoir gouverné le pays durant près de 40 ans, l'ancien parti unique n'est plus au pouvoir depuis 1999. Son leader Tidjane Thiam a été recalé de la dernière élection présidentielle et aux dernières élections législatives, le parti a vu le nombre de ses députés divisé par deux. Quel avenir pour le PDCI? Peut-il encore peser sur l'échiquier politique ivoirien?  Standard : +33 9 693 693 70 Mail : appels.actu@rfi.fr Facebook : Appels sur l'actualité - RFI Twitter : @appelsactu

En Côte d'Ivoire , le PDCI fête ses 80 ans dans un contexte de recomposition du paysage politique. Un anniversaire symbolique pour cette formation fondée en 1946 par Félix Houphouët-Boigny, premier président du pays. Entre devoir de mémoire et ambitions de reconquête, le parti cherche à réaffirmer son poids sur la scène politique nationale.

Di vê bûletenê de: Endamên Encûmena Ewlehiyê ya NY dê li ser bikaranîna hêzê ji bo vekirina Tengava Hormuzê deng bidin... Hukûmeta Australya hişyarî dide hamwelatiyên ku neçin Iraqê, ew nûçe û nûçeyên din di bûletenê de hene.

Les chrétiens s'apprêtent à célébrer ce week-end du 3 avril la fête de Pâques. En Côte d'Ivoire, cette période rime aussi avec grands départs. De nombreuses familles quittent Abidjan pour rejoindre le centre du pays, notamment le V Baoulé, où se tient la fête de Paquinou. Un moment de retrouvailles et de retour aux traditions. De notre correspondant à Abidjan, Dans le salon de la famille Kouamé, à Cocody, les valises et les sacs s'alignent devant la porte. Sur la table à manger, des packs d'eau et quelques vivres. Les enfants, eux, s'impatientent. Cette famille s'apprête à prendre la route pour Golisinkro, localité située à plus de 300 km d'Abidjan. Pour le chef de famille, Paquinou est avant tout un retour aux sources. « La plupart d'entre nous sommes hors de la région, souligne Hervé Kouamé. C'est l'occasion pour que les différentes familles se retrouvent. Il y a une organisation qui est mise en place : il y a des danses folkloriques, des jeux, les jeunes se retrouvent pour des parties de football, etc. » Paquinou, ce n'est pas seulement la fête et les retrouvailles. C'est aussi l'occasion d'échanger autour des projets de développement du village. Mais avant d'y aller, il faut s'organiser. « Ça nécessite beaucoup de moyens. Déjà il faut trouver au moins deux véhicules, prévoir aussi de la nourriture et tout ce qui va avec, liste le père de famille. Il faut aussi prévoir des dortoirs, au cas où il y aurait beaucoup de monde au village. » Pour Manuela, la mère de famille, ce retour annuel a aussi une dimension éducative. Ses enfants y découvrent un autre rythme de vie, loin du tumulte d'Abidjan. « Les enfants se sentent bien, ils apprennent beaucoup, ils sont contents de retrouver leurs cousins qui restent toujours au village, qu'ils ne voient pas souvent, relate-t-elle, ils s'adaptent parce qu'il faut qu'ils s'imprègnent un peu de ce qu'on a vécu quand on avait leur âge. » À lire aussiCôte d'Ivoire: pour «Paquinou», la ville de Daoukro célèbre la tradition et le partage Paquinou, « un fait social total » À la gare UTB d'Adjamé, le ballet des cars est incessant. Le flux de voyageurs en partance surtout pour le centre du pays ne cesse de croître à la veille de Paquinou. « Cette année, on vient d'acquérir au moins 40 cars qui viennent renforcer le parc auto, témoigne le chef de gare Honoré Kouamé. Depuis 4h du matin, on a ouvert le guichet. En temps ordinaire, c'est 50 départs par jour. Mais pendant Pâques, il y a 70, 80 départs au niveau d'Adjamé. » Paquinou est « un fait social total », lance le Dr Gnelbin Nicaise. Autrement dit, un phénomène qui mobilise à la fois les dimensions économiques, culturelles, religieuses et sociales. Une tradition à pérenniser et à transmettre aux générations futures. « Il faut leur faire comprendre que le bonheur ne passe pas par le déracinement, l'acculturation, explique le sociologue, c'est à partir des racines authentiques qu'on arrive à évoluer, à avoir toujours les pieds dans la tradition et la tête aussi dans la modernité. » Plusieurs festivals sont prévus ce week-end du 3 avril à Abidjan et à l'intérieur du pays, notamment à Botro, Béoumi et Bouaké, pour marquer l'événement et faire connaitre la culture du peuple Baoulé. À lire aussiCôte d'Ivoire: une pièce de théâtre et de danse pour redorer l'image d'un quartier d'Abidjan

Mistral has been on an absolute tear - with frequent successful model launches it is easy to forget that they raised the largest European AI round in history last year. We were long overdue for a Mistral episode, and we were very fortunate to work with Sophia and Howard to catch up with Pavan (Voxtral lead) and Guillaume (Chief Scientist, Co-founder) on the occasion of this week's Voxtral TTS launch:Mistral can't directly say it, but the benchmarks do imply, that this is basically an open-weights ElevenLabs-level TTS model (Technically, it is a 4B Ministral based multilingual low-latency TTS open weights model that has a 68.4% win rate vs ElevenLabs Flash v2.5). The contributions are not just in the open weights but also in open research: We also spend a decent amount of the pod talking about their architecture that combines auto-regressive generation of semantic speech tokens with flow-matching for acoustic tokens (typically only applied in the Image Generation space, as seen in the Flow Matching NeurIPS workshop from the principal authors that we reference in the pod).You can catch up on the paper here and the full episode is live on youtube!Timestamps00:00 Welcome and Guests00:22 Announcing Voxtral TTS01:41 Architecture and Codec02:53 Understanding vs Generation05:39 Flow Matching for Audio07:27 Real Time Voice Agents13:40 Efficiency and Model Strategy14:53 Voice Agents Vision17:56 Enterprise Deployment and Privacy23:39 Fine Tuning and Personalization25:22 Enterprise Voice Personalization26:09 Long-Form Speech Models26:58 Real-Time Encoder Advances27:45 Scaling Context for TTS28:53 What Makes Small Models30:37 Merging Modalities Tradeoffs33:05 Open Source Mission35:51 Lean and Formal Proofs38:40 Reasoning Transfer and Agents40:25 Next Frontiers in Training42:20 Hiring and AI for Science44:19 Forward Deployed Engineering46:22 Customer Feedback Loop48:29 Wrap Up and ThanksTranscriptswyx: Okay, welcome to Latent Space. We're here in the studio with our gues co-host Vibh u. Welcome. Thanks. Excited for this one as well as Guillaume and Pavan from Mistral. Welcome. Excited to be here.Guillaume: Thank you.swyx: Pavan, you are leading audio research at Mistral and Guillaume, you're Chief Scientist,Announcing Voxtral TTSswyxHost(00:05) Okay. (00:05) Welcome to Lean Space. (00:06) We're here in the studio with trustee co-hosts, Vibhu. (00:09) Welcome.VibhuHost(00:11) Very excited for this one.swyxHost(00:12) As well as Guillaume and Pavan from Mistral. (00:15) Welcome. (00:16) Excited to be here. (00:17) Thank you for having us.(00:18) Pavan, you are leading audio research at Mistral and Guillaume, you're a chief scientist. (00:23) What are we announcing today where we're coordinating this release with you guys?GuillaumeGuest(00:26) Yeah, so we are releasing Voxtral TTS. So it's our first audio model that generates speech. It's not our first audio model. We had a couple of releases before.(00:35) We had one in the summer that was Voxtral, our first audio model, but it was like a transcription model, ASR. Like a few months later, we released some update on top of this, supporting more languages. Also a lot of table stack features for our customers, context biasing, precision, timestamping and transcription. We also have some real-time model that can transcribe not just at the end of the level.(00:56) You don't need to fill your entire audio file, but that can also come in real-time. And here, this is a natural extension in the audio, so basically speech generation. So yeah, so we support nine languages, and this is a pretty small model, 3D model, so very fast, and also state of the art. Performed at the same level as the base model, but it's much more efficient in terms of cost, and also much, in terms of cost, it's also much cheaper, only a fraction of the cost of our competitors.(01:22) And we are also releasing the work that this model is running.swyx What's the decision factor?Guillaume It's a good question.swyxThere will be more. Yeah, Pavan, any sort of research notes to add on?Architecture and CodecPavan: But it's a novel architecture that we develop inhouse.We traded on several internal architectures and ended up with a auto aggressive flow matching architecture. And also have a new in-house neural audio codec. Which, converts this audio into all point by herds latent [00:02:00] tokens, semantic and acoustic tokens. And yeah, that's that's their new part about this model and we're pretty excited that it's, it came out with such good quality and Jim was mentioning. Yeah, it's a three B model. It's based off of the TAL model that we actually released just a few months back and insert trunk and mainly meant for like the TTS stuff, but they need text capabilities are also there. Yeah.swyx: So there's a lot to cover.I always I love any, anything to do with novel encodings and all those things because I think that's obviously I creates a lot of efficiency, but also maybe bugs that sometimes happen. You were previously a Gemini and you worked on post training for language models, and maybe a lot of people will have less experience with audio models just in general compared to pure language.What did you find that you have to revisit from scratch as you joined this trial and started doing this? At leastUnderstanding vs GenerationPavan: when it comes to, for, I think the, there are two buckets, I guess the audio understanding and audio [00:03:00] generation. The audio understanding, like the walkthrough models that Kim was mentioning that we released earlier.The walkthrough chat that we released I think July last year, and the follow up transcription only, models family that we released in January, that would be one bucket, and the generation is another bucket. I think. You can also treat them as a unified set of models, but currently the approaches are a little different between these two.To your question on how audio is fed to the model? In the understanding model, it's very similar to actually Pixar models that we also released,swyx: yes.Pavan: That'sswyx: amazing.Pavan: It was pretty, I, that was the first project I worked on after joined Misra. It was pretty, pretty nice. And Wtu was very similar in spirit.I guess So we feed audio through an audio encoder similar to images through a vision encoder, and it produces continuous embeddings and which are fed as tokens to the main transformer decoded transformer model. Yeah. On the model output is just text. So on the output side, there is nothing that needs to be done in these kinds of mode.I [00:04:00] guess the interesting part of what the generation stuff is, the output now has to produce audio and. The approach that we have is this neural audio codec, which converts audio into these latent tokens. There is a lot of existing attrition and a lot of models which are based off of this kind of approach.And we took a slightly. A different, design decisions around this. But at the end of the day, the neural audio product converts audio into a 12.5 herdz set of latents. And each latent is, has a semantic token and a set of acoustic tokens. And the idea is that you take these discrete tokens and then feed it on the input side.There's several ways to use this at each frame, but we just sum the embedding. So it's like having key different vocabularies. Combine all of them because they all correspond to one audio frame on the input side. The output side is the interesting part on the output side, the, it's not the, I don't know if it's the most popular, but one.Popular technique is to have a depth transformer [00:05:00] because you have K tokens at each time step, like with a text, you just have one token at each time step. So you just do predict the token from the vocabulary with, yeah, with just, you get probabilityswyx: This's a very straightforward text. VeryPavan: straightforward.swyx: Yeah.Pavan: But if you have K tokens, then the name thing would be to predict all of them in paddle. That doesn't work. At least that doesn't work that well because audio has more entropy. And the, one of the techniques people use is this depth transformer where you you almost have a small transformer, or it can be L-S-T-M-R in as well, but people use transformers and you predict the K tokens in auto aggressive fashion in that.So you have two auto reive things going on.Flow Matching for AudioPavan: So the thing we did differently is in, instead of having this auto aggressive K step prediction, we have a flow matching model. Instead of modeling this as a discrete token set we trained the codec to be both discrete and continuous to have this flexibility.So we did try the discrete stuff too, and which it works well, but the continuous stuff works just better. So yeah, we took this flow matching, so the, it's a flow [00:06:00] matching head, which takes the latent from the main transformer and like kind in fusion, it's denoising, but in this flow matching itself, velocity estimate.So you go from this noise t all the way to there. Audio latent, which corresponds to the 80 millisecond audio and then, which is sent through the work order to get back the 80 millisecond audio frame.swyx: Yeah. Is this the first application of flow matching in audio? Because usually I come across this in the image.Pavan: Yeah. Actually, in some sense there are models flow matching models in audio, but I think this specific combination I could be wrong. There could be somewhat. No. I haven't seen. I haven't seen much work in this, so I think it's novel and a lot of it's just a way bigger community, so they, I think they pioneer a lot of these diffusion flow matching work, and it's interesting to adopt some of the ideas there into audio and,swyx: yeah.Pavan: Yeah, I'm, personally that's the think part which is trying out about. One of more meta point is unlike text, even in vision, I think this is true, but in [00:07:00] audio step literature that there is no.Winner model, yet there is no, okay, this is the way you do things. It's it's still by, I think people are still iterating and figuring out like what's the best overall recipe. I guess the idea. Pretty sure there are models which are also completely end-to-end, like NATO audio. NATO audio, but it's still not come to a convergence point where this, the right way to think that.That also makes. A space pretty exciting to explore.Real Time Voice AgentsVibhu: What are some of the ways to look at it?Vibhu: There are ways where you can do diffusion for audio generation, but if you want like real time generation, that's a big thing with the approach I'm assuming that you took. Yeah. And also like how do you go about evaluating different axes of what you care about, yeah,Pavan: good point. I think we so you can do just flow matching diffusion for the whole audio. We didn't even go down that path because one of the main applications is voice agents and we want real time streaming, and that's the use case. That's not the only use case, but that's one of the primary use cases we want to get to.So we [00:08:00] picked the auto aggressive approach for that. And within the auto aggressive space, again, you can do chunk by chunk or you can do so we picked the. I think at least personally prefer the operations, which are the simplest, and so we try to see, can we just add audio as just another head to our regular transformer decode model because that kind of makes it easier for eventual end-to-end modeling of audio text native modeling.Yeah. And it works pretty well. So I guess we went with that and we tried a little bit, but the flow matching head itself, like we had a discreet. Diffusion kind of approach, which also works well, but the flow matching work better.swyx: I was just curious about how you also think about this overall direction of research.Do you basically, when you work with the audio team, do you set some high level parameters and then let them explore whatever, or how does it work between you guys?Guillaume: No I think the way it works is that we are the, we are prioritizing together, I think, what are the most important features because there are many things we can do [00:09:00] in audio.Yeah, I think we try to. These are like how we should do things, for instance. Ultimately what we want to do is to build this through duplex model, but we are not going to start this start there directly, I think is. Some of the project people are doing, butswyx: just to confirm, full effects means it can speak while I'm speaking or,Guillaume: yeah.Okay. Audio. Yeah. Yeah. So intimately we're going to get there, but for us it was, we decided to take it like a step by step. So we start with whatever is the most important. I think support customers, which is the transcription is the most popular use case. Then the speech generation, Soviet time, just a bit before that.And then actually to be like more, but try combining everything all together. But but yeah, we thought it was also important to like separate things and optimize each capability one by one before weswyx: measure of that together. And the super omni model. ButGuillaume: very interesting because as Par said, it's when you work on some other domains of this airline and everything, there are many areas where I think it's not as interesting.For instance. Many places, it's essentially just around data or like creating new environments on a lot of kind [00:10:00] of easy things. But things were, I think the research is maybe not as interesting. Were in audio. There are so many ways to actually build this model. So many ways to go around it. That's the sense I think is really interesting.And what we also tried for speed generation is that we tried multiple approaches. What was interesting that even though they were extremely different, they under the big know the particles but the for matching turned out to be quite more natural. So we are happy with this.swyx: Is there intuition why it maybe like flow matching is just models speech better in some natural fundamental, latent dimension?Pavan: No, I think the main thing is e even at a particular time step, there is a distribution of things.swyx: Yes.Pavan: To be predicted like the way you inflate. So you already know the word that you're speaking and Yeah. The intake space, let's say the word maps register a single token for simplicity.In most cases it does. So there is not a lot of so you just pick the word, but with within audio, even the same word could, even with your own voice, could be inflicted in so many different ways. And I think [00:11:00] any approach which like models this distribution and. And flow matching is one, one of the take.It's not the only one at all, but it's a one which works pretty reasonably well. I think that's better. So you have to pick across several different, the intuition I have is it's, there are some, several different clusters each corresponding to some specific way you would inflict, pronounce that thing.And you can't predict the mean of it because that corresponds to some blurred out speech or something like that. But you have to pick one. And then like sharpswyx: conditional inference.Pavan: Yeah, exactly.swyx: Is that all covered under disfluencies, which is I think the normal term of art. Pauses intonations. By the way, I have to thank Sophia for setting all this up, including like some of these really good notes becausePavan: Yeah.swyx: I'm less familiar with the audios for me.Pavan: No. I think dis dismisses are definitely one such Eno defenses is more likeswyx: which is arms are.Pavan: Yeah, arms. And also repeat like you like,swyx: yeah.Pavan: You do this full of words, your thinking, so you repeat the word.swyx: Okay. Whereas intonation is like a diff, it's up up [00:12:00] speak and all this.Okay.Pavan: Yeah. So I think there is a lot of like entropy. And modeling it as a distribution. And a, any technique which helps with it and the depth transformer is a conditional way of modeling this. And Transformers actually really good at it, even though that's a mini transformers. So I think that worked pretty well too for us too.It's just that the main concentration is when you have a depth transformer. If you have K tokens, you need to do K auto steps, right? Even though it's a small thing, it's K steps, which is very vacant, say heavy, but flow matching. We were able to cut it down significantly. So we are able to do the inference in quad steps or 16 steps and it works pretty well.And there are more normal techniques to bring it down even further to like, in extreme case, one step like we're not doing it yet, but it at least the framework, LEDs itself to more efficient and Yes.swyx: And the image guys have done.Pavan: Yeah.swyx: Incredible work guys. Yeah.Pavan: It now you just. Send a prompt and you get an image.swyx: Yeah. Surprisingly not enough. I think image model labs use those techniques in production. I think it's, I feel like it's a lot of research demos, but [00:13:00] nothing I can use on my phone today.Guillaume: The thing, there's a thing that would be interesting here is that since, indeed I've been so much sure that has been done in the vision community compared to radio dys, stomach, I think there are so many long infra Yeah.And there are so many things we can do to actually improve this further. So it's our first version, but we have so many ways to exist, much better and much more efficient, cost efficient, soswyx: yeah.Guillaume: So really it's not a new field at all, of course, but there are still so many things that can be done.Perfect. It'sswyx: nice. I should also mention for those who are newer to flow matching, I think the creator, this guy's name is Alex, he's done I think in Europe's maybe two Europes as ago. There was, there's a very good workshop. There's one hour on like this matching is I would recommend people look that up.That's the other thing, right?Efficiency and Model Strategyswyx: The efficiency wise, like I, I imagine like the reason is open weights the reason you pick 3.6 B backbone it you are 3.4 B you are, try to fit to some kinda hardware constraints. You kinda fits some kinda basic constraints. What are they?Guillaume: Not necessarily, I think something we care about in our model that they're efficient.So we have a [00:14:00] lot of separate model, for instance. So we have this that is very small, very efficient. We also have a small OCR model that is available. Good, highly efficient as well. And I think on a project maybe there, I think companies are going to take is to have a coverage general model that will do a bit of everything.But that is also going to be expensive. On here. What want say is if you care about this specific use case, if you can actually use this model, it just does that. It's extremely good at it. Survey, very efficient. That's why we can actually add. We do, but also OCR that are like really good at that.And that would be much more cost effective factors and the general model that will contain a lot of capabilities you don't really need. So yeah. So we're doing like general model, but also like more customized model. This,Open Weights and BenchmarksVibhu: how does it compare to other TTS models? It's, we are going follow open wave.We're just dropping it. I think it's pretty good.Pavan: Yeah, I think it's pretty good. Like it, it's definitely one of the best. For sure. It's probably I would say it's the best open source model, butVibhu: decipher themselves.swyx: Yeah.Voice Agents VisionVibhu: Why now? How does it fit into broader ral vision? How do you see voice agents?How do you see voice? I think every year I've heard, okay, you're a [00:15:00] voice. You're a voice. There's a lot of architectural stuff. There's a lot of end time that see it, your solving, but where do you see voice setting?Guillaume: We had so many customers asking for voice. That's also why we wanted to build it.What's interesting in this domain is that. In a sense, if you take something simple like transcription it doesn't seem like something that should be very hard to do for a model. It's essentially, it's pattern recognition. It's classification on this. Models are very good at classifying, right?Or nonetheless, when you talk to them it's not there yet, right? It's not, you don't talk to them the same way you talk to a person. On something, maybe people don't realize it. It's in English it's still much better than in any user language, even compared to French instance. If you talk to this million in French, when you see people talking to this they'll talk very slow.They'll articulate as much as they can. So it's not natural, right? We're not yet to this. And I think, yeah, maybe the next generation will not know this, but yeah, I think people that. But our edge will actually always keep this bias speaking very slowly when they talk to this model. Even if maybe, probably in a couple of years, maybe next year it'll not be necessary anymore.But yeah. But what's interesting is to see that yeah, even for like languages [00:16:00] like yeah, French and Spanish Germans that are not no, no resource on religion. You have a lot of audios there on still it's not as good. And I think a consequence. Because then for this, I suppose just is not as much energy, as much effort that has been put done in some other mod that for some vision or like coding.But but yeah, there's still a lot of progress to be done. I think it's just a question of doing the work and it's clear path I think to get there.Pavan: It's a little fascinating because I worked on Google Assistant I think while back at this point, but it's, I think it's, it like when you take a step back, it's fascinating.It's not that long ago. It was like four years ago or five years ago, and it's now it's completely audio in, audio out and the function calling and the whole thing happens completely end to end. And in a very natural,swyx: yeah,Pavan: natural way and still ways to go. Kim was telling, even despite all the previous, it's not like you're speaking to a person.When you talk to any of these agents, bots, or voice mode kind of situation, it's still like a gap. I think that's the great part and I feel like with even the existing [00:17:00] stack, we should be able to get to this very natural speech conversational abilities soon enough I guess.And we'll also hope. I get thatGuillaume: on this kind of the next step, right? Because when you talk to these agents, like usually people are just writing to them and sometimes they'll this very clear, for instance, you are, you want to write code, but you are, you have a very clear idea of how you want the model to implement what you in mind.But so here you are able to spend a lot of time writing. So it's not really efficient on audio is really like a natural interface that is just not there yet, but I think it's just gonna be the place.Vibhu: How's it like building, serving, inferencing, like we see a lot about, it's very easy to take LMS off the shelf, serve them.Fine tuning, deploying. I know you guys have a whole you have Ford, you have a whole stack of customizing, deploying. Is there a lag in getting that. Like distribution channel. Are you helping? There is. So like prompting, lms, you can have them be concise, verbose, all that.They're built on LM backbones, these models. How do you see all that?Enterprise Deployment and PrivacyGuillaume: Yeah, I think this is a lot of what we're doing with our own customers. Very [00:18:00] often they come to us, so it's for different reasons. I think one reason is sometimes they have this lot of privacy concerns.They have this data that it's very sensitive. They don't want data to leave. The companies, they wanted to stay. Inside the company. So we have them deploy model in-house. So either on a, either on premise or on private cloud. So they're not worried that it's given to a third party on the there some leakage.Sometimes they have this kind of many companies have this different, sensitivity of data they have like sometimes channel chat can send it to the cloud has to stay there. So then it creates some kind of heterogeneous workflows where it's annoying. You cannot send some data to the cloud.This one you can, so here, when we actually deploy the model for them, they don't have this consideration. They are like not worried that, this is going to leak. Everything is much easier. So we help them basically do this on the, so it's one of the very proposition. But but the other is very often, when customers use this off the shelf close model, but very sad is that they are not leveraging, these data that have been collecting for four years or something for decades.So much data. Sometimes it's trillions of tokens of [00:19:00] data in a very specific domain. Their domain, which is data that you'll not find in the public, on the public internet. So data on which, like close model, we actually not have access to one, which that's going to be really good. So if they're using like closed source models are basically not benefiting from all these insights.All these data they have collected three years, they can always give it into the context that in France, but is never as good as if you actually train the modern analysis. So yes, that's basically what we help them to do. We actually provide them some purchase, basically what we announced at GTC this week.So we provide them with this, it's basically like a platform with a lot of tools to actually help them process data. Trained on that. Yeah, it's actually the same thing that we're using in the science team. So it's actually very better tested infrastructure, like a lot of efficient training cut base.For a quality pre-training like a fine tuning, even doing S-F-T-I-L. So we help them do this using the same tools as what our science team is building is using. So since it's tools that we've been using for two years now, it's really better tested. It's really sophisticated.So it's the same thing. We are giving to them, giving the company the same thing [00:20:00] that what are same still using internally actually build their own ai and it makes a really big difference. I think sometimes customers. And many in general don't realize how much better the model becomes when you fine tune it on your own data.And you can have a, your model is here. You start from there. You have a cross source model, which is sort here, but if you actually fine tune it can actually really go much further than this. And then you have a very big advantage. The model is trained on your entire company knowledge, so it knows everything.You don't have to feed like 10 K tokens of contact at every query. So it's it's much easier. It's a bit, I think using a closed source model is really sad because it basically puts. You are not leveraging all this data and you are going to be using the same model as all your old competitors when you're actually using, everything you have been collected for years, which is really valuable.So yeah. So we help basically customers do this. We have a lot of solution I mean deployed for engineers that go in the company that basically look at the problem customers are facing to look at what they're struggling to do what we should do to solve it. So we help them solve them together.So it's I think our approach is a bit different, but here. [00:21:00] Some of their companies and competitors, it's, we don't just release an endpoint on sale, do some stuff on top of that, or we don't just give a checkpoint. We really look very closely with customers. We look at the issues they have, we had them solve them.We really make some tailored solution for the client are facing. Some example are also going to be, sometime we have some customers. They really wanted to have a really good model, really performance on some, like Asian languages on the, if you take some of the shelf models, they can speak it, they can write in this language, but it's not amazing.This language would be like maybe zero 1% of the mixture. So it has been included during training, but very little. So what we did here is upgrade. We trained a new model for them, but so this language was 50% of the mix, so it's much, much stronger. It knows of the dialects, it knows the, so it's yeah.So it's some example of things we can do and it's really arbitrary, custom. I think you had some of their customers, for instance, they wanted some. They wanted some 3D model that can do audio with a very good function cable. So something you wanted to put in the car in particular, they wanted this to be offline because in a car you don't necessarily have access to internet.So [00:22:00] yeah. So here we can actually build the solutions. There is no like model out of the box on this. In the internet you have this very, you have this very general model generalist, like he's strong model. But for things like this, they always want at specific solutions and on some other reasons.Sometimes they come to us is because, like they, they experiment with some closed source model. They get some prototype. They're happy with what they build. They, it works well. They're happy with the performance, and then they want to go to production and then they analyze. But it's extremely expensive.You cannot push this. It's so then they come back to us on this. They can help us build the same thing as this, but using something much cheaper on here. And here we can sometime be something 10 x cheaper by just functioning a model and it'll be better OnPrem on their old server and also much cheaper as well.So yeah,swyx: that's the drop pitch right there. Take all themoney.Vibhu: And outside of that you do, we do put open wave models so people can do this themselves. I feel like not enough people go outta their way.swyx: They're not going to, they're gonna ask them to do it as the expert. IGuillaume: think initially we didn't know, [00:23:00] we wanted completely short at the beginning of the company because, I think our study was not exactly the same as what it is today, but what we underestimated initially is the complexity of deploying this model and connecting them to everything to be sure it has access to the company knowledge on the, and it was, yeah, on, we were seeing customers struggling with this, but it was even, that was three years ago and no, things are much more complicated because now you don't just have, text on SFT on a simple instruction following.You have reasoning like your agents, you have like tools. You have a multimodal audio, so it's much more complicated than before. And even back then it was hard for customers. So they really need, have some support and this is why actually providing like always some four D position as well. The processFine Tuning and Personalizationswyx: I'm curious is there also voice fine tuning that people do?Pavan: So in this forge we also have a say unified framework. And the hope is like the er speech to text that we released earlier this year. And even the ER chart that we released last year. And I think a big people, I think there's a big, rich ecosystem [00:24:00] of people fine tuning whisper, and people want the same thing with w so it's much stronger than Whisper.And yeah, the the platform offers that kind of fine tuning yeah, which could be any kind of fine tuning. Like for instance, even sometimes people want to support new languages to this, which are tail languages, which we hope to cover. Certain natively, but if there is a language where you data and you want to frank you, I think this is a good use case.Or the other use cases, you, it's the same language, like even English but it's in a very domain specific way.swyx: Yeah. Terminology, jargon, medical stuff.Pavan: Exactly. And also there's specific acoustic conditions like there's a lot of noise or the, and. The model will do decently in most conditions, but you can always make it better.And that those are some of the use cases where you can improve it e even further. And that's one good use case for this and for text to speech. We're just releasing it so we'll have support for that soon too. I think it's similar use case.Voice Personalization Pavan: It's little different the kind of things that you want to extend a [00:25:00] text to speech model to, which could be like voice personalization, voice adaptation for enterprises.Many enterprises need very specific kind of tone, very specific kind of like personality for this kind of voice. And all of those are like good use cases for fine tuning.swyx: This one I was gonna ask you, we never talked about cloning voice clothing here. How important is it, right?Like I can clone a famous person's voice. Okay. ButPavan: the main use case would be like for enterprise personalization, like enterprises need like a lot of customization. You don't want the same. Voice for all the enterprises. Each enterprise want a customized, specialized something which is representative both their brand and also their, I guess safety considerations and the use case I think the kind of thing that you would deploy as a empathetic assistant in the context of a healthcare domain would be very different from the kind of thing that would be in a customer support bot and would be different from like more conversational aspects.I think those are the. [00:26:00] Customizations you would expect from enterprise. And that's the main use case, at least from our side.Vibhu: My, my basic example is you don't want to call to customer services and have the same exact voice. It's just, it's gonna be weird.Long-Form Speech ModelsLong-Form Speech ModelsVibhu: But also on the technical side of this, so there's like a few things in TRO that I thought were pretty interesting.He's a big fan of this paper. Oh, he said very good paper. He said this is the best SR paper he's ever read. Yeah. I've hyped up this voice paper enough. We covered it. Somewhere, but a big thing. So Whisper is known for 32nd generation a 32nd processing. You extended this to 40 minutes. There was a lot of good detail in the paper about how this was done.Even little niches of how the padding is. So it's very much needed. You need to have that padding in there, the synthetic data generation around this. I'm wondering if you can share the same about the new speech to text, right? Text to speech. So how do you. How do you generate long form, coherent?How do you generate, how do you do that? And then any gems? Is there gonna be a paper?Pavan: Yeah. Yeah. They would be a technical report. Okay. Yeah. I think I could have a lot of details.Real-Time Encoder AdvancesPavan: But me I think the [00:27:00] summary of it, actually, some of the considerations in this paper were, because we started with the wipa encoder as the starting point, and now we have in-house encoders, like the bigger time model, for instance, which we released in January.Also release a technical report for that real time model as well, which is this dual stream architecture. It's an interesting architecture. You should check it out. And there we have a causal encoder and I don't think there's any strong, multilingual causal encoder out in the community. So we thought it's a good contribution.So that's one nice encoder there. Other people want to adapt. That's a good end code. And we train it from scratch. I think her. Post stack is now mature enough that we are able to train super strong ENC codes. And some of these considerations, like spatting and stuff, is a function of the Whisper ENC code.And now that we train encoders, inhouse the design concentrations are different.Scaling Context for TTSPavan: And for the question on text to speech, I think that's also leans onto the original auto aggressive decoder backbone. I think, it says very, almost identical considerations. I think the long context in it's not even long con, [00:28:00] so the model processes audio at 12.5 herds, so one second maps to like 12.5 tokens.So I think one minute is like 7.8 tokens. You can get like up to 10 minutes in eight K context window and get half an hour and 30 K context window. So that's and 30 2K context is something that's we are very comfortable training on. We can extend it even much longer. 1 48 K. Okay. You can naturally see how it can extend to even our long generations.Yeah. We need the. Like data recipe and the whole algorithm to work coherently enough through such long context. But the techniques are some way very similar to the text, long context modeling. And the key differences, it's just doing flow matching order regressively instead of a text open prediction.swyx: Okay. I think that was most, most of the sort of voice questions that we had. ButWhat Makes a Model SmallVibhu: I have a big question on Mr. Al, Mr. Small. So what is small? How do we define [00:29:00] small? What is this? What is this? I remember the days of Misal seven B on my laptop. The snuff fitting on my laptop. I could run it on the big laptop, butGuillaume: it's just additional.Question of terminology, like here what we did, baseball is north active parameters, but it's true. Really not give it another name, but yeah, we could have called it medium, but only, I,I suppose it's a model that we released mixture of experts. It's a model that combines different model before which we were doing the same, is that we had one model, general model for Israel. Doing instruction following, were like a separate model that was Devrel trial. So qu coding specify specific to code with another model for Reason Maal.So this were separate artifacts built by different team at trial on what we're doing is basically merging all of this. It was, you had pixel trial was the first vision model. We was like a separate model on the way we do things internally is that we have one team focus on one capability, build one model.On the means mature, mature enough, we decide to merge this into the [00:30:00] matrix. But here it was the first time we basically match all of this into one. But there are some other things we did at first time to merge time, for instance, like more capabilities or function coding I think would be, are, it's going to be much, much better in this trial, small platform.But but yeah, so it's our latest model on the working is,Vibhu: and yeah, key things is it's very sparse. Six, be active pretty efficient to serve. 2 56 K context. Yeah,Merging Capabilities vs Specialistsswyx: I think what's interesting is just this general theory of developing individual capabilities in different teams and then merging them.Where is this going gonna end up?Vibhu: Like we've seen the five things put together in this. Yeah. What are the next five teams?swyx: I think actually OpenAI has gone away from the original four Oh. Vision of the Omni model. This was what they were selling. All modalities and all modalities out.But I feel like you might do it.Guillaume: I think there's some mod where it's not competitive use, for instance for audio. For audio here, if you want to do transcription, I think it makes no sense to use a model. If you just want to trans tech it, it'll be very inefficient. If you want to do audio, you probably just want to be the [00:31:00] one VR 3D model performance essentiallyswyx: the same.It's going to be incredibly cheaper. So here, that's why we wantGuillaume: to have a separate but just does this. Yeah, I think the question is just, yeah. If you are to, to your model. By speech and you asking like a very complex questions on how you do this on the, just to cascade things. Do you want to put a d in a model that has like a one key around it?It's like a, not a competitive discussion, I think unaware if you doing into the direction, but that's possible. Of course. But yeah. But I think for us, the next capabilities we want to try to integrate into these models when we are going to be yes, like marketing or no reasoning better, I think more capabilities that people don't talk too much about, but at high bottom, I think for our customers in our, on different industries, for instance, things are around like a legal computer.I design all these things that is this males out of the box are to put at that. Because people, if you don't prioritize this, there is not like too benchmark on that. Butswyx: this done how toGuillaume: make this good and this just start to do the work. Extracting some that processing it [00:32:00] expression. So yeah.But we are offering the imagine to this.swyx: I think for voice. Yeah. The key thing I think over maybe like the last year or so with VO and gr Imagine and all these things is joining voice with video, right? Which people don't understand spatial audio because like most TTS is just oh, I'm speaking to a microphone in perfect studio quality.But when you have video, like the voice moves around.Pavan: That's true. The constitution was a little different in the sense that there it's like a a standalone artifact where you get the whole thing and you consume it. But in a conversational setting, it's a, you need the extreme low latency.swyx: Yeah,Pavan: streaming would be one of the primary concentrations.swyx: You can build a giant company just doing that, right? So you don't need to do the voice, but I was just know on the theme of merging modalities, that is something I, I am like, wow. Like I didn't, everyone up till, let's say mid last year was just doing these like pipelines of okay, we'll stitch a TTS model with a voice thing and a lip sync [00:33:00] thing and what have you.Nope. Just giant model. Yeah.Open Source MissionVibhu: I have a two part question. So one is, it's still open. It seems like open source is still very core to what you guys do and I just have to plug your paper. Jan 2024. This is the one trial of experts like. Very fundamental research on how to do good.Moes paper comes out very good paper for anyone. That's just side tangent. No.swyx: This thing caused, we bring back, eight by 22 was like the nuclear bomb for open source. I think it takes Shouldn be more seven B more. Yeah. Yeah. But this is a bigger opposite than me.Yeah. Yeah I don't remember this. I remember, I don't think it was January, right? It was like new reps it was, it dropped during new reps and everyone in Europes was December of 25th, I think. Yeah. The model was did as well.Vibhu: It's just a little update probably.swyx: Yeah. No, but you have a point to make.Vibhu: No, you gotta check that. But then, I just want to hear more broadly on open source for you guys, and when you had asked earlier [00:34:00] about what's next, what are the other, side tapes working on you. You put out Lean straw. This,swyx: it's not necessarily surprise. I was like, I don't, this doesn't fit my mental model or Misra.Guillaume: Yeah. First for open source in general, I think it's really something which looks to the January of the company. I think we started it per once, is we so we have open sourcing with, since the beginning and even before this. So before this, so me and Tim were at Meta, we released LA and I think what was really nice.To see that before this, for most researchers like universities, it was impossible to work on elements. There was no alien outside. And if you look at many of the techniques that were developed after, for instance, was open source all this post-training approaches like even DPOD, like preference optimization, all of this were done by people that had access to this portal.And it'll have been impossible to do without this. So it's really making sense, move faster. So we really want to contribute to this ecosystem. I think like the deep and also like very lot of impact. All these papers that are I think in the open source community are really helping the science community as a whole to move faster.So [00:35:00] we want contribute to this ecosystem. That's why we're releasing very detailed technical reports. So ma trial and our first reason model, and ation, lot of results, things that work, things that did not work as well. Think helpful on the, yeah, so for the audio model also to share a lot of details, share of them for real time model.And the, yeah, so we really want to continue this, basically belong to this community of people who share science. I think we really don't want to be, leading in a world where the smartest model, the best models are only behind, close doors. Only accessible to a shoe companies that we, as a power to decide we can use them on it.I think it's a scary future. We don't want to live in, we really want this model to be accessible to anyone that want. Intelligence to be used unaccessible by anyone who can use it. So yeah, so that's why we are pushing this mission and source model. Yeah. So not, so yeah, no strategy. So it's open source, not the first model, so not the best on the Yeah.Lean and Formal ProofsGuillaume: LIN trial I think is also one step into this direction. So it's yeah, a bit different than what we are usually releasing. But we have a small team internally [00:36:00] working on them. Formal proofing, formal math. So I think a subject we care about in general and we were working on reasoning. I think we started too early before doing reasoning without LMD is very hard, especially when you work with formal systems because the amount of data you have is negligible.It's addressable community of people writing like formal proofs. But the reason why we like it is because I think there is if you look at what people are doing with reasoning, is there, the problems that you can use. Are usually going to be problems where you can verify the output. So for instance, all this ai ME problem where the solution is a number between 100, like a thousand.So you can verify, compare this with a reference or it's an expression. You can actually compare the output expression generic with the reference. But there are many, most of them have problem and most of the reason problem. There is no like way to easily verify the solution. If the question is show that F is continuous, cannot compare in the reference, right?If it's a probe that this is true or probes is properties, there is no way to. You cannot act, simply verify the correctness of your proof. So it's hard to apply the, there is no referable reward here. So [00:37:00] what you could provide is of course, like a judge and judge that will look at your proof. But it's very hard and it's very, you could do certain, some reward hacking happening there.So it's difficult. You could provide like a reference proof, but then there are also many ways to prove the same thing. So if the model says give negative reward because it's a different poop, maybe it was still digit proof, just different. So it's not going to work well. What's nice with lean and with formal probing is that you don't have to worry about this whatsoever.We just,swyx: they're all function is largely compiles in lean is functionally the same. Exactly.Guillaume: It's like a problem if it compiles it's correct. It's very easy. And you can apply this and then you can,swyx: it's just way too small. So no human will actually go and do it.Guillaume: Yeah, that's exactly.It's the only people can do it. It's like a very small committee of people doing a PhD on that. So it's super small. And it's sad because it's actually very useful on not just mat, but also in software verification. So for instance, software verification today. So tiny market. Very few industries work on this and we need that.It's usually going to be like companies like building airplanes, air robotics,swyx: likeGuillaume: things [00:38:00] where they absolutely want to be sure. Life depend on this, but it's very rare that people formally verify the correctness of their software. But I think one of the reasons for this is simply that it's just hard to do.swyx: Are you think of TLA plus? It's the language that some people do for software verification? No. That people use in a ference, but but yeah, it's the reason I think why people don't use it more and why this industry is not as big as could be is because it's very hard. But now with cutting edges that are there, it's going to be very different.Guillaume: We're going to see much more of this. So I think yes, industry there is going to be much larger in the future that we, these models. So yeah. Here also anticipating this a little bit, we wanted to work on that because it's proving like a math theory and like a, essentially the same tools.swyx: Yeah.Reasoning Transfer and Agentsswyx: One of my theories is that because the proofs takes so long, it's actually just a proxy for long horizon reasoning and coherence and planning. Maybe a lot of people will say okay, it's for people who like math. It's for being okay. It's like a niche math language. Who cares? But actually, and you use this as part of your data mixture for [00:39:00] post-training and reasoning, actually, it might spike everywhere else.Yeah. And I think that's un under explored or no one's like really put out a definitive paper on how this generalizes.Guillaume: Yeah, absolutely. AndPavan: I think evenGuillaume: that's what we're seeing already. For instance, you should do some reasoning on math as then the American should do reason even.Yeah. In the early stage. So we, the, there is some transfer, some sort of emergence that happens. And I think some, it's also interesting, it's not just I think the topic in general, but it's, there is a lot of connection with this on including agents because. Sometimes the model can see like a three that it has to prove it's very complex, but then it can take the initiative to say, I'm going to prove this three lr.I'm going to suggest three Rs, and I'm going to in parallel prove each R. So three of them in parallel with sub agents, but I'm also going to prove them in theory and the three tool so you can do this also. Pretty interesting. You can, even if you fail to put one of the LeMar, you can actually, maybe you succeed to put the normal lema too, so you get some possible reward here.So it's a bit less Spartan issue, just get to zero one for the entire thing. [00:40:00] So it's pretty interesting. I think we can actually,Vibhu: yeah, it's also an interesting case just for specialized models in general, right? Like the cost thing you show is pretty interesting yeah, similar score wise, you are, thirty, seventy, a hundred fifty, three hundred bucks.Smaller.swyx: I think cost is a bit unfair, right? ‘cause this one is at like inference cost. It's always there on top with their margins on top of it. But, we don't know anything else, so we gotta figure it out.Vibhu: Okay.Next Frontiers in TrainingVibhu: I did wanna actually push on that more. Not on cost, but you mentioned about, okay, it's a great way to have verifiable long context reasoning.What are other frontiers that, I'm sure you guys are working on internally, there's a lot of push of people pushing back on pre-training. Scaling, RL pushing, compute towards having more than half of your training budget. All on rl. Where are you guys seeing the frontier of research in that?Guillaume: You mean theVibhu: just in foundation model training in the next, one thing that you guys do actually is you do fundamental research from the ground up, right? So you probably have a really good look at where you can [00:41:00] forecast this out.Guillaume: Yeah. I think for us we're still working a lot on the pre-training side.I think we are very far from situational, the pre-training. I think ML four preprinting will be like big step compared to everything we have done before. So we are pretty excited about this. And I think on the other side, I think now we have more and more to think about this algorithm that will actually support this very long trajectories.I think when it was, for instance, GRPO for it doesn't really work this any bit of policy. Which was okay initially because you are solving math problem that can be solved in like a few thousand tokens. So the model can alize them pretty quickly. So when you do your update, the model is never too far off.It's never too far off. But now when you are moving towards this kind of problems where certain takes hours, like six hours to get a reward, then your model is co pick places. So you have bi new infrastructure that supports this, but also new A, so now everything we're doing internally, we're trying to. Build some infra that we actually anticipate is what we have in six months, one now, which is this extremely no scenarios on the, I think when we started Missal, part of me and [00:42:00] we wanted to, is very nice under element where people are there, they can do research, they like with a lot of resources.So it was nice. I think things changed a lot when I think when J Pity came out. I think after that I think was. This one is same again. But but yeah, but it was nice. And I think we also want to work part of this descrip beforeswyx: coming to the end.Hiring and Team Footprintswyx: We're just, obviously, I think you guys are doing incredible work.You've, they are a very impressive vision for open source and for voice. What are you hiring for? What's the what are you looking for that you are trying to join the company?Guillaume: Yeah, so we are hiring a lot of people in our sense team. We're hiring, in all our offices. So we have a, our H two is in France in Paris.We have a small team in London. We like a team in Pato as well. Co we open some offices in in SAU, in Poland. So one in Zurich. We also like some presence in New York as well on Sooner one in San Francisco. So we all bit either way also like hiring remotely. So we're going the team trying to hire like very strong people.I think we want to stay, so the team is not. Instead of fairly small team. [00:43:00] But I think we want to keep it that way. ‘Cause we we find it quite efficient. So like a small team they agile so yeah.swyx: Okay.AI for Science Partnershipsswyx: Let's focus on science and the forward deployed. We actually are strong believers in science.We started the our new science pod that focuses specifically on the air for science. What areas do you think are the most promis.Guillaume: What we're pretty excited about right now, and something we have already started doing or that we'd probably be able to share more about this in a couple of months, is that we are exploring AI for science.And there are a lot of areas where we think that you could get some extremely promising buzz. If you were to apply AI in these domains. There are a lot of long inputs. You just have to find these domains where actually AI has not been yet applied, and it's usually hard to do because the people working in those domains don't necessarily know the capability of these models.They don't know. How I would just have to pair them with Yeah, exactly. Your researcher slashing, which is actually hard to do. But this matching, we're doing it naturally with our customers. So we have some company we are very closely with. So for instance, ISM Andreesen are one of our partners, so we're doing some research with them on their other, like tons of extremely interesting problems.Columns in physics, in [00:44:00] science matter science that they're essentially the only ones to work on. ‘cause they're doing something No, no one else is doing on the, yeah. So there are many domains where AI can actually revolutionize things. Just you have to think about it on you familiar with what can do or to apply it.So yeah, it's something where more modeling with our partners, with our customers sort AI for s, but.swyx: Yeah. Okay.Forward Deployed Skillsswyx: And then for deployed what it makes a good four deployed engineer, what do they need? Where do people fail?Guillaume: I think it's usually you need people that are very familiar with the tech and not necessarily with a lot of research expertise, but that are actually pretty good at using this model that can actually like that know how to do functioning, that know how to like, start some error pipeline.And it's it's not easy. It's something that mucus. Majority of companies will not be able to do this on their own. So here I think we need people that are, that like to solve problems that are accept solving some complex, very concrete problem. It's applied science basically.And yeah, so I think it's not too different. I think from the case you need in research because it's essentially you are trying to find solutions to problems that in [00:45:00] customers have not yet. So sometimes it's easy. Sometimes you're here to do the work. You have to like create synthetic data.Find some edge case. So it can be, yeah. Depends on the problem. But but yeah, you have to, I think it also a bit of patience on the be creative. I think very similar skill is Asian,Pavan: the diversity of the work they do. It always surprises me. It's it's, it goes all the way from the kind of stuff they encounter in industries.It's just very interesting. I think.swyx: Any fun like success anecdotes.Guillaume: Yeah, it can be actually training this small model on edge that just we do one specific thing can be like training some very large model without some specific languages as well. Making models really good at some tube use, like for instance, computer ID design, these kind of things.Is that pairing with vision as well? Yeah,Pavan: and the fact detection for chips or like in, in factories identifying things like it, the. Diversity could be anything where you can deploy these foundation models. So yeah the work to make it work in that specific setting, basically whatever it takes to make it like add value in that, by the way, workflow.Vibhu: Yeah. [00:46:00] And it goes across the stack, right? Like even just pulling up the website like.swyx: It's so broad on compute. It is so broad.Vibhu: We didn't even touch on if you have a coding CLI tool. One thing you guys were actually like, I think the first tool was agents, ral agents. You had the agent builder, you can serve it via API and all that.And I'm guessing forward deploy people.Guillaume: Yeah.Vibhu: Help build that out and stuff.Customer Feedback LoopGuillaume: It is also why we are, so we're doing many things, but I think that's also part of the value proposition that sometime know customers. They're always very. Extremely careful about their data and they don't want to, they don't like, trusting so many partners, trusting one partner for code, giving the data to another third party for like audios and another one.So they don't like this here. What they really like with our approach that we can help them on anything so they don't have to send the data to so many clouds. So yeah,swyx: I think that there can be many orders of magnitude more. F Ds then research scientists and they don't need your full experience, but they're still super variable to customersGuillaume: in practice.These two teams [00:47:00] are still quite intertwine, very often. Yeah. So first of all, they're using the same tools, the same data pipeline and everything on the, it's it's very helpful for the science team to get the feedback and the solution team ‘cause they can. Look at these customers are trying to do this.This is not working. It can really be show in the next version. Yeah. But this is basically a real world eval. Yeah, it's real world eval and it's not something, for instance, if you're just working in the lab, it's just ships model. But you don't do this work of for customers. You have no idea for whether your model is good at this H case.For instance, you even in year found this, right? So yeah, there is a very gap, big gap between the public benchmarks that are very like academic. OnPavan: the rare cases are just very diverse and in the specific concept of a customer, you can fine tune and make it like first evaluate, create a solid eval, benchmark, and then measure in the context of their, the kind of audio.Like for instance, one use case is literally just, there's the word for kids and they have to just say it out. It's a very specific thing. You're just saying one word and then you have to you, you'll grade the kid whether they did it right or not. It's [00:48:00] like R for, but so there're very diverse use cases and the idea is that they, the.Applied scientist engineer will go and make it better. And then from the learnings we incorporate it into the base model itself. So it's it's just better out of the box.Vibhu: Yeah. It's a good full circle system. Like the foundation model evals are all just proxies of what you really, you're never gonna have one that says it, it doesn't make sense for there to be, a one word transcription like that.It's not something you wanna fit on. Perfect.Wrap Up and Thanksswyx: Everyone should go check out everything that Michelle has to offer and try the TTS model, which will link in the show notes. But thank you so much for coming tha thanks. Such a stretch. This is a public episode. If you'd like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.latent.space/subscribe

En Côte d'Ivoire, pour de nombreuses veuves, le deuil s'accompagne d'une chute brutale dans la précarité : perte de revenus, conflits familiaux, parfois spoliation de biens. À Abidjan, certaines tentent de se reconstruire grâce au soutien d'organisations locales. Immersion dans le quotidien de ces femmes qui refusent de sombrer. De notre correspondant à Abidjan, Assise au bord d'une grande voie à Abobo, dans la capitale de Côte d'Ivoire, sous un soleil de plomb, Djénéba aligne soigneusement ses sachets d'eau dans une bassine verte. Veuve depuis cinq ans, elle s'est lancée dans ce petit commerce après le décès brutal de son mari. Une activité de survie pour nourrir et scolariser ses enfants. Mais les revenus restent insuffisants. « C'est difficile, car mon mari était très proche de ses enfants et s'occupait bien d'eux. Nous ne manquions de rien. Il faisait tout pour ses enfants. Les parents de mon défunt mari s'occupent de nous parfois. Ils ont scolarisé certains enfants. Les plus petits, eux, sont sous ma charge. S'ils tombent malades, je prends l'argent que les personnes de bonne volonté me donnent pour les soigner », explique-t-elle. « La femme s'occupe de tout, ce n'est pas facile » Comme Djénéba, de nombreuses femmes se retrouvent du jour au lendemain sans ressources. Certaines n'ont jamais exercé d'activité rémunérée avant la disparition de leur époux. C'est le cas de Fatoumata. Dans son petit atelier de couture, une machine adossée au mur, des tissus soigneusement empilés, elle tente de reconstruire sa vie. Mère de quatre enfants, elle a appris à coudre après la mort de son mari, contrainte de devenir l'unique pilier du foyer. « Tout a basculé d'un coup. Je fais tout moi-même. Les parents de mon mari s'occupent ni de moi, ni des enfants. C'est difficile. Parfois, il n'y a des clients, parfois, il n'y en a pas, mais tu dois quand même payer ta maison, ton eau, ta nourriture... Tu dois tout payer. La femme s'occupe de tout et ce n'est pas facile », témoigne-t-elle. Malgré les difficultés, Fatoumata refuse de baisser les bras. Son ambition : offrir un avenir meilleur à ses enfants. « Tu veux que tes enfants réussissent, qu'ils partent à l'école. Tu vas te battre. Faut pas toujours attendre de l'aide extérieure », philosophe-t-elle. L'État appelé à « garantir » un avenir sécurisé aux enfants Face à cette précarité, des initiatives locales tentent d'apporter des réponses concrètes. C'est le cas de l'ONG Firya, fondée en 2013. L'organisation accompagne aujourd'hui près d'une centaine de veuves, grâce aux cotisations de ses membres et aux dons. L'objectif est d'agir en priorité sur les besoins essentiels, explique son président, Al Housseyne Salia Bamba : « Lorsqu'on accueille une femme avec deux de ses derniers enfants, on s'assure que l'enfant va à l'école, que sa scolarité est payée, que les fournitures scolaires sont payées. C'est primordial. Quand il y a besoin de nourriture, on en donne. Lors d'un problème de santé, elle nous envoie l'ordonnance, on achète. » Pour le docteur Roland Bini Koffi, spécialiste des questions familiales, cette précarité trouve ses racines dans une dépendance, souvent financière, vis-à-vis du conjoint disparu. Selon lui, l'autonomie financière des femmes reste centrale. Mais aussi la reconnaissance du statut de veuve et la protection des enfants. « Qu'elle ait été mariée légalement et bénéficie d'une pension – qui est très souvent malheureusement insuffisante – ou qu'elle ne l'ait pas été, l'État doit faire en sorte de garantir aux enfants une situation qui leur permette d'être intégrés, parce qu'ils représentent aussi l'avenir du pays », estime-t-il. Pour tenter d'atténuer cette vulnérabilité, le gouvernement a mis en place le programme filets sociaux productifs, destiné aux ménages les plus fragiles. Chaque foyer bénéficiaire reçoit une allocation trimestrielle de 36 000 francs CFA, sur une période de trois ans. À ce jour, plus de 500 000 familles ont été soutenues à travers le pays. À lire aussiEn Afrique de l'Ouest, harcèlement et violence au travail sont largement sous-estimés selon un rapport

Los tiburones de Las Bahamas dan positivo en cocaína, cafeína y analgésicos, pero por el momento no se confirma que el comportamiento de los animales haya cambiado. En Córdoba sancionan a los turistas por volar drones dentro de la mezquita.

A wonderful evening of idea-sharing with Mayor Koch and the City team on the future of the former ENC campus. So many great thoughts – well, maybe with the exception of the person who wrote down “Casino” as a potential future use at the campus. We'll be compiling the comments and suggestions into a report in the coming weeks – and you can still provide feedback for this part of the public process at www.quincyma.gov/enc or e-mailing directly ENCFeedback@quincyma.gov through March 27. 

Di vê bûletene de: Tirs li ser kêmbûna sotemeniya cîhanî heye ji ber ku Îran hişyarî dide ku dê nerx ji du qatî zêdetir bibe... Encûmena Ewlehiya Neteweyên Yekbûyî daxwaz dike ku Îran dev ji êrîşa li ser welatên Kendavê berde... Û di werzîşê de, lîstikvana Matildas Clare Hunt dibêje tîm ji ber ti zextê nebixeme. Ew nûçeyana û nûçeyên din di bûlentenê de hene.

Avec plus de 7 millions de tonnes consommées chaque année, le chocolat est l'une des gourmandises les plus consommées au monde. La viralité du « chocolat de Dubaï » sur les réseaux sociaux, cette tablette de chocolat au lait, fourrée à la crème de pistache, au tahiné et aux cheveux d'ange croustillants, laisse penser que l'enthousiasme ne risque pas de fondre.   Derrière cette popularité, la réalité est plus complexe côté production. Après une envolée des cours du cacao, suite à de mauvaises récoltes, les prix se sont effondrés. En Côte d'Ivoire, premier pays producteur de cacao, le gouvernement a réduit le prix d'achat du cacao aux planteurs de 60%, il s'établit désormais à 1 200 francs CFA (1,83€) le kilo. Un coup dur pour une filière déjà fragilisée.   La vulnérabilité des cacaoyers face aux maladies, les perturbations climatiques, se répercutent sur les cours du cacao, et en bout de chaîne sur les revenus des producteurs. Du côté de l'Amérique latine, la présence de cadmium, ce métal lourd nocif pour la santé, dans le cacao, inquiètent de plus en plus les consommateurs.   Impact sur l'environnement, durabilité de la production, revenus décents pour les producteurs, les enjeux sont immenses pour un secteur qui fait vivre 40 à 50 millions de personnes dans le monde.   Comment rémunérer les producteurs à leur juste valeur ? Les filières équitables sont-elles la solution ? Et du côté du consommateur, quelles responsabilités ? Quel est le prix juste du chocolat ?   Avec : • Katherine Khodorowsky, historienne et sociologue de l'alimentation, ancienne présidente de l'Académie française du chocolat et de la confiserie. Autrice de Quel chocolat pour demain ? Pour une consommation plus responsable (Dunod, 11 mars, 2026) • Christian Cilas, correspondant pour la filière cacao au Centre de coopération internationale en Recherche agronomique pour le développement, CIRAD à Montpellier. Un entretien avec Sarah Cozzolino, correspondante de RFI à Rio de Janeiro au Brésil, 6ème producteur mondial de cacao et 5ème plus grand consommateur, le pays a vu sa production augmenter en 2025, avec 300 000 tonnes de cacao produites.  En fin d'émission, la chronique IA débat, de Thibault Matha, chez 8 milliards de voisins. Alors que l'intelligence artificielle devient omniprésente dans notre quotidien et que son utilisation se démocratise, Thibault Matha interroge les outils, et analyse la pertinence de leurs réponses. Cette semaine, on parlera de la reconnaissance faciale et de la manière dont l'IA a intégré ce système.   Programmation musicale :   ► Living Dead - Joe Yorke, The Co-Operators  ►  LAJEN - Meryl, Umpa. 

En Côte d'Ivoire, les cliniques juridiques effectuent un travail de fourmi pour aiguiller et aider les femmes victimes de violences basées sur le genre. Dans le Tchologo, au nord du pays, trois cliniques juridiques ont été installées dans des centres sociaux. Dans ces établissements animés par des juristes, les cas les plus fréquents sont les violences conjugales et les mariages forcés.  De notre envoyée spéciale à Ferkessédougou,  Mariama [NDLR: le prénom a été modifié] a été scolarisée dans un établissement islamique. Depuis toute petite, son père et son grand-père évoquent un projet : son mariage avec un cousin. Après avoir célébré ses 15 ans, sa famille organise un mariage traditionnel, à son insu. « Ma grand-mère m'a toujours dit qu'un jour, on me donnerait en mariage à un cousin, témoigne-t-elle. J'ai protesté plusieurs fois. Mais un jour, les adultes ont célébré mon mariage avec un imam, en mon absence ». Du jour au lendemain, Mariama doit rejoindre le domicile d'un jeune homme de 20 ans, qu'elle connaît à peine. Elle sombre dans une déprime profonde. « Quand je suis arrivée dans sa maison, il voulait avoir des rapports sexuels avec moi, retrace Mariama. J'ai refusé. J'étais stressée, car je ne voulais pas me marier. Je ne mangeais plus et j'ai fini par tomber malade. On m'a emmenée à l'hôpital ». Pour sa grand-mère, ce mariage était une évidence. Une tradition perpétuée depuis des années. « C'est une tradition : j'ai moi-même été mariée de cette manière, argue-t-elle. Et les femmes de ma génération, aussi. C'est un mariage en famille. Pour nous, à 15 ans, on a atteint l'âge de se marier, donc, on l'a donnée en mariage. On a toutes été mariées comme ça à l'âge de 15 ans. C'est une pratique dans notre famille. Je ne pouvais pas faire autrement pour elle. » Tenter de maintenir les liens familiaux  Il a fallu près de deux semaines de médiation pour convaincre les adultes que cette pratique est obsolète. Le mariage a pu être annulé. Bien que ce phénomène soit puni par la loi, dans ce type de dossier, les médiateurs sociaux optent souvent pour une résolution à l'amiable afin de maintenir des liens sociaux.  « Lorsque l'affaire du mariage forcé arrive en justice, c'est que, par derrière, la petite fille qui a été récupérée, il faut l'insérer, explique Karelle Kouadio, la coordinatrice de l'Association des Femmes juristes, à Ferkéssedougou. Est-ce que les parents seront contents de la recevoir alors que des personnes risquent de se retourver derrière les barreaux ? Cela crée encore des histoires. Donc on préfère procéder étape par étape : de la récupération de la survivante, jusqu'à la réunification de la famille ». De son côté, Mariama s'épanouit à nouveau : intégrée dans sa famille, elle vend des bananes et de l'eau près du marché de Ferkessédougou. À lire aussiViolences faites aux femmes: la Côte d'Ivoire renforce sa lutte à Abidjan, mais pas seulement

En Côte d'Ivoire, l'autonomie des femmes en milieu rural est toujours un sujet dans certaines zones reculées. Mais la situation s'améliore, grâce notamment à des organisations villageoises dans lesquelles les femmes s'investissent autour d'activités maraîchères, qui leur permettent de contribuer au développement de leur localité. Reportage dans le village de Tchinlovogo, dans la région du Tchologo. De notre envoyée spéciale de retour de Tchinlovogo Une quinzaine de femmes, accroupies, désherbent un champ d'oignons. « On vient le matin très tôt, à cause du soleil, explique l'une d'entre elles. On travaille jusqu'à midi. On travaille en groupe, ça galvanise ! J'aime les travaux champêtres, ils me permettent de subvenir aux besoins de mon ménage ». Ces femmes font partie d'une association, Tossiré, « le vivre ensemble », en sénoufo. Cette association regroupe 86 femmes : elles cultivent ensemble l'oignon, le gombo, le maïs, le piment et l'aubergine, puis partagent les bénéfices de leurs ventes. Cela leur permet, à chacune, d'investir dans d'autres activités. « Beaucoup de choses se sont améliorées, témoigne Yéli. Grâce à ces revenus, j'ai investi dans un commerce de mèches, que je vends aux femmes du village ». À lire aussiFemmes agricultrices : comment améliorer leur statut ? « Aujourd'hui, on arrive à contribuer au développement de notre village » Grâce à ces activités maraîchères, ces femmes ont construit une école primaire. « Grâce à la vente de nos produits, on a acheté du ciment, du sable, expose Mariam Soro, la présidente de cette association féminine. On a bâti l'école primaire et les logements pour les instituteurs. Je suis heureuse de voir les enfants aller à l'école à proximité. Parce qu'avant, c'était difficile : il fallait trouver des tuteurs pour leur confier la garde de nos enfants. Souvent, ils dormaient affamés, le tuteur n'avait pas de moyens. Mais aujourd'hui, on arrive à contribuer au développement de notre village. Nous fournissons 50 000 francs CFA pour approvisionner la cantine de l'école ». Dans ce village reculé, coupé des réseaux téléphoniques et dépourvu d'électricité, il a fallu d'abord convaincre les hommes de l'intérêt de mettre les femmes à contribution. « Avant on privilégiait seulement les hommes, se souvient Drissa Coulibaly, le chef du village, qui reconnaît les efforts consentis. On ne savait pas que la femme pouvait faire quelque chose dans la famille. Aujourd'hui, les comportements ont changé. Les femmes se sont organisées. Cela m'a beaucoup soutenu dans mon village. Quand il y a un cas [un problème, ndlr] qui arrive, les femmes sont prêtes à m'aider ». Ces femmes ont un projet en tête : épargner pour construire une pompe à eau, afin d'approvisionner les ménages du village en eau potable. À lire aussiEn Côte d'Ivoire, des réfugiés burkinabè bénéficient d'une formation agricole à Brondougou

Lo que tu boca dice sobre tu salud: encías, bruxismo, diabetes y dolor de espalda ¿Te sangran las encías? ¿Te despiertas con dolor de cuello o cabeza? ¿Aprietas los dientes sin saberlo? En este episodio de Hack Tu Vida hablamos sobre la conexión entre salud bucal y salud general, y cómo problemas como el bruxismo, la periodontitis o una mala mordida pueden estar relacionados con dolor de espalda, estrés, diabetes e inflamación sistémica. El Dr. Antonio Navarro, dentista y cirujano con más de 17 años de experiencia internacional, explica: Por qué una encía sana no sangra Qué es la enfermedad periodontal y cómo puede llevar a perder dientes Cómo la salud bucal influye en la diabetes y la salud cardiovascular Qué es el bruxismo y cómo se relaciona con el estrés y la apnea del sueño Cómo una mala mordida puede afectar tu postura La forma correcta de cepillarse los dientes Qué hábitos diarios pueden prevenir problemas graves Este episodio es una guía práctica para entender que la boca no es solo estética, es prevención y salud integral. ⏱️ Segmentos 00:00 – Introducción: por qué la boca importa 01:30 – Quién es Antonio Navarro 04:15 – Qué es realmente la salud bucal 08:00 – Encías que sangran y enfermedad periodontal 12:30 – Conexión con diabetes y corazón 17:30 – Bruxismo y estrés 21:30 – Mordida, postura y dolor 26:00 – Cómo cepillarse correctamente 33:30 – El hábito que cambia todo 35:30 – Ronda rápida

En Côte d'Ivoire, à l'approche du ramadan, le gouvernement se veut rassurant. Les prix des produits de grande consommation ne flambent pas grâce aux inspections de la Brigade de contrôle rapide. Le plafonnement des prix est-il vraiment respecté ? Des mesures sont-elles prises, également, dans votre pays pour encadrer vos dépenses alimentaires ? Vos témoignages nous intéressent. Standard : +33 9 693 693 70 Mail : appels.actu@rfi.fr Facebook : Appels sur l'actualité - RFI Twitter : @appelsactu