Podcasts about Fovea

If you're ready to upgrade your vision, you'll want to hear what Holistic Vision Coach Claudia Muehlenweg has to share. In this episode, Claudia reveals how menopausal women can naturally improve their eyesight without relying on glasses or contacts. She explains how simple habits like blinking, natural sunlight, and using your peripheral vision can boost your eye health and shares screen-time strategies to protect your vision in a tech-heavy world. Her personal story of overcoming childhood vision challenges is inspiring and shows the powerful connection between mental, emotional, and physical vision health.   Claudia breaks down the key elements you need to know if you're worried about eye strain, screen exposure, or age-related vision changes. With over 20 years of experience helping people see clearly without corrective lenses, she's packed this episode with actionable tips. From understanding the role of screen use to the importance of peripheral vision, this episode equips you with practical tools to reduce dependency on glasses and sharpen your sight naturally.   Don't forget to take my FREE Hormone Quiz if you've been feeling off. Discover what's really going on with your hormones and get a personalized report—visit https://bit.ly/3wNJOec. Plus, grab my FREE E-book, A Woman's Guide to Kick-Ass Sleep, to uncover the secrets to sound sleep after 40 at https://bit.ly/4cblYcT. Your best sleep and vision await!   Key Takeaways: [05:23] Not wearing glasses improved Claudia's vision strength. [07:02] Presbyopia causes near vision decline in the forties. [10:39] Monovision: one eye for distance, one for near. [14:26] Astigmatism is linked to postural habits and computers. [17:59] Vision can improve unexpectedly in natural environments. [20:18] Improved vision by noticing daily task effects. [23:36] Morning sunlight benefits circadian rhythm, sleep, and eyes. [28:17] Tunnel vision from focusing on central vision. [29:24] A client's brain couldn't process open road travel. [32:54] Nearsightedness is linked to feeling safe in close-up. [36:29] Fovea lutea: sharp vision, macular degeneration effects. [39:17] Relieve dry eyes with a palming relaxation technique. [42:50] Holistic vision coach with wellness guides online.   Memorable Quotes: "People do not think about their peripheral vision. I said it's just basically more. The word for visual acuity means how sharp you see, right? 2020 or whatever. But there's so much more in vision. There's the peripheral vision, the binocular vision, how the eyes work together, the night vision, the color vision, all these things have to work together to give you optimal vision." — Claudia Muehlenweg "When you go on your next walk, notice when you go up, it seems like the room goes down. Obviously, you are the one moving, but it's that sensation that everything is always fluid and moving. And that might initially be when you're staring, when you're used to that strain with the glasses that might feel very unsettling. But the more you can relax into that, the better your vision will get." — Claudia Muehlenweg Links Mentioned: FREE Hormone Quiz: https://bit.ly/3wNJOec FREE E-book “A Woman's Guide to Kick-Ass Sleep”: https://bit.ly/4cblYcT 10 Computer Eye Strain Hacks Guide: https://www.naturallyclearvision.com/computer-eye-strain-hacks-1   Connect with Claudia Muehlenweg: Website: https://naturallyclearvision.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/holisticvisioncoach/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ClaudiaMuehlenweg LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/claudiamuehlenweg/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/BatesvisionLosAngeles   Connect with Betty Murray: Living Well Dallas Website: https://www.livingwelldallas.com/ Hormone Reset Website: https://hormonereset.net/ Betty Murray Website: https://www.bettymurray.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BettyAMurrayCN/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/bettymurray_phd/   Produced by Evolved Podcasting: www.evolvedpodcasting.com

If you're ready to upgrade your vision, you'll want to hear what Holistic Vision Coach Claudia Muehlenweg has to share. In this episode, Claudia reveals how menopausal women can naturally improve their eyesight without relying on glasses or contacts. She explains how simple habits like blinking, natural sunlight, and using your peripheral vision can boost your eye health and shares screen-time strategies to protect your vision in a tech-heavy world. Her personal story of overcoming childhood vision challenges is inspiring and shows the powerful connection between mental, emotional, and physical vision health.   Claudia breaks down the key elements you need to know if you're worried about eye strain, screen exposure, or age-related vision changes. With over 20 years of experience helping people see clearly without corrective lenses, she's packed this episode with actionable tips. From understanding the role of screen use to the importance of peripheral vision, this episode equips you with practical tools to reduce dependency on glasses and sharpen your sight naturally.   Don't forget to take my FREE Hormone Quiz if you've been feeling off. Discover what's really going on with your hormones and get a personalized report—visit https://bit.ly/3wNJOec. Plus, grab my FREE E-book, A Woman's Guide to Kick-Ass Sleep, to uncover the secrets to sound sleep after 40 at https://bit.ly/4cblYcT. Your best sleep and vision await!   Key Takeaways: [05:23] Not wearing glasses improved Claudia's vision strength. [07:02] Presbyopia causes near vision decline in the forties. [10:39] Monovision: one eye for distance, one for near. [14:26] Astigmatism is linked to postural habits and computers. [17:59] Vision can improve unexpectedly in natural environments. [20:18] Improved vision by noticing daily task effects. [23:36] Morning sunlight benefits circadian rhythm, sleep, and eyes. [28:17] Tunnel vision from focusing on central vision. [29:24] A client's brain couldn't process open road travel. [32:54] Nearsightedness is linked to feeling safe in close-up. [36:29] Fovea lutea: sharp vision, macular degeneration effects. [39:17] Relieve dry eyes with a palming relaxation technique. [42:50] Holistic vision coach with wellness guides online.   Memorable Quotes: "People do not think about their peripheral vision. I said it's just basically more. The word for visual acuity means how sharp you see, right? 2020 or whatever. But there's so much more in vision. There's the peripheral vision, the binocular vision, how the eyes work together, the night vision, the color vision, all these things have to work together to give you optimal vision." — Claudia Muehlenweg "When you go on your next walk, notice when you go up, it seems like the room goes down. Obviously, you are the one moving, but it's that sensation that everything is always fluid and moving. And that might initially be when you're staring, when you're used to that strain with the glasses that might feel very unsettling. But the more you can relax into that, the better your vision will get." — Claudia Muehlenweg Links Mentioned: FREE Hormone Quiz: https://bit.ly/3wNJOec FREE E-book “A Woman's Guide to Kick-Ass Sleep”: https://bit.ly/4cblYcT 10 Computer Eye Strain Hacks Guide: https://www.naturallyclearvision.com/computer-eye-strain-hacks-1   Connect with Claudia Muehlenweg: Website: https://naturallyclearvision.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/holisticvisioncoach/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ClaudiaMuehlenweg LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/claudiamuehlenweg/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/BatesvisionLosAngeles   Connect with Betty Murray: Living Well Dallas Website: https://www.livingwelldallas.com/ Hormone Reset Website: https://hormonereset.net/ Betty Murray Website: https://www.bettymurray.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BettyAMurrayCN/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/bettymurray_phd/   Produced by Evolved Podcasting: www.evolvedpodcasting.com

Drs. Rebecca Soares, Akshay Thomas, and Sarwar Zahid join to discuss four recent publications in high-impact ophthalmology journals.URM Fellowship Applications (https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/article-abstract/2809093)AAO Meeting Carbon Footprint (https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/article-abstract/2808045) Preoperative Positioning for Fovea-On Detachments(https://www.ophthalmologyretina.org/article/S2468-6530(23)00435-9/fulltext)Loss to Follow-up in DR Clinical Trials (https://journals.lww.com/retinajournal/abstract/9900/characteristics_of_participants_in_diabetic.440.aspx)Relevant Financial Disclosures: NoneYou can claim CME credits for prior episodes via the AAO website. Visit https://www.aao.org/browse-multimedia?filter=Audi

THE ARWEN LEWIS SHOW - Arwen Lewis welcomes Filmmaker Jake DeNicola and member of the band Fovea! 8 am - 9 am PDT - 96.9 FM + 1290 AM KZSB STREAMING ON RADIO GLOBALLY NOW - LISTEN -http://am1290kzsb.com Jake DeNicola is a NYC-based Director of Photography/Producer. Along with his interest in visual anthropology, comes his deeply passionate and active engagement in filmmaking. Born and raised in Greenwich Village, Jake's work spans documentary film, music videos, short narratives, commercials, fashion, and shooting live stream music concerts for Pitchfork TV, bridging his two passions of music and film together. His work has appeared in film festivals like The Catskill Mountain Film Festival, The Glendale International Film Festival, Greenwich Village Film Festival, and The Coney Island Film Festival. Jake has also DP'd for directors, Chris Dapkins and Academy Award-nominated documentarian, Christine Choy. Jake is currently in post-production for his short film, 8 Deer, in which he documents a college student returning to his indigenous community in Oaxaca, Mexico for the first time in 8 years. Jake DeNicola on Instagram - @sfogliatellecypher ANIMA Works

Thanks for the shout-out Jake! LISTEN TO THE PODCAST - https://on.soundcloud.com/BvKbf Jake DeNicola is a NYC-based Director of Photography/Producer. Fovea - "Cost Of" (Official Music Video) https://youtu.be/jKbfHK626tQ?si=98raPClibbI2yo33 Jake DeNicola on Instagram - @sfogliatellecypher ANIMA Works

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.21.550081v1?rss=1 Authors: Murphy, P., McGregor, J., Xu, Z., Merigan, W., Williams, D. Abstract: Though the responses of the rich variety of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) reflect the totality of visual processing in the retina and provide the sole conduit for those processed responses to the brain, we have much to learn about how the brain uses these signals to guide behavior. An impediment to developing a comprehensive understanding of the role of retinal circuits in behavior is the paucity of causal studies in the intact primate visual system. Here we demonstrate the ability to optogenetically activate individual RGCs with flashes of light focused on single RGC somas in vivo, without activation of neighboring cells. The ability to selectively activate specific cells is the first step toward causal experiments that directly link retinal circuits to visual experience and behavior. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

The Journal RETINA is devoted exclusively to diseases of the retina and vitreous.  These podcasts are intended to bring to its listeners summaries of selected articles published in the current issue of this internationally acclaimed journal.

On this episode of the podcast, I meet Hilary Falk a creator here in Madison. Hilary runs Fovea Works and makes natural science bone jewelry. So of course I needed to know how does someone get started working with bones to make things and I find that it all started from an unlikely origin... Cosplay costumes. Fovea Works Etsy https://www.etsy.com/shop/FoveaWorks Fovea Works on Instagram https://www.instagram.com/foveaworks Tom Ray's Art Podcast Website https://www.tomrayswebsite.com Join my email list to get a call out for artists when I'm booking interviews! http://eepurl.com/g1uUSP --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/tomraysartpodcast/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/tomraysartpodcast/support

Die Fovea ist der Punkt des schärfsten Sehens. Direkt im Auge, also eigentlich unsichtbar. Oder etwa doch nicht?! Marius, Claus und Niklas sprechen darüber, wie man das Unsichtbare dennoch visualisieren kann.

The human eye is designed to focus on specific object. As Jordan Peterson says, "Our minds are built on the hunting-and-gathering platforms of our bodies. To hunt is to specify a target, track it, and throw at it." Outside of a small area of visual focus, the Fovea, our vision is low-resolution. Outside the small area of our intellectual focus, we are mostly blind unless something gets in our way. This is the inattentional blindness revealed by the invisible gorilla experiment, among others. Peterson continues, "That's how you deal with the overwhelming complexity of the world: you ignore it, while you concentrate minutely on your private concerns. You see things that facilitate your movement forward, toward your desired goals. You detect obstacles, when they pop up in your path. You're blind to everything else (and there's a lot of everything else—so you're very blind). And it has to be that way, because there is much more of the world than there is of you. You must shepherd your limited resources carefully. Seeing is very difficult, so you must choose what to see, and let the rest go." It may seem weird talking about the problems of too much focus, in this age of distraction, but I think it's worth talking about, because whether we are focusing on anything useful or not, our attention is constantly on the THING THAT'S IN FRONT OF US RIGHT NOW! And that's a problem. Years ago, I read an article about the release of Terminator 2, which back in 1991 was the most expensive movie ever made. One of the producers was asked what made James Cameron (the director) so special, and I've never forgotten the sense of what he said. The thing that he picked out was Cameron's ability to simultaneously see the big picture and the tiny details, and how they worked together. In other words, Cameron was equally comfortable at either end of the resolution scale, and moved between them with ease. Most of us have no problem focusing on the thing right in front of us. That doesn't mean it's worth-focusing on, but it's how we are built. But the problem is that with mobile phones, YouTube et al and social media ... there is always something in front of us. And that means that we are fighting many problems at the wrong resolution. What we need is the bigger picture, and that requires us to put down our phones, close our eyes, and let our thoughts unfold. (Unlike our eyes, our thoughts have no problem moving from one resolution to the other.) Episode home: https://StoriesMeanBusiness.com/podcast/808:-Picking-The-Right-Resolution

➥ Unterstütze Uns: kai-stuht.com/de/unterstütze-uns

➥ Unterstütze Uns: kai-stuht.com/de/unterstütze-uns

➥ Unterstütze Uns: kai-stuht.com/de/unterstütze-uns

➥ Unterstütze Uns: kai-stuht.com/de/unterstütze-uns

➥ Unterstütze Uns: kai-stuht.com/de/unterstütze-uns

➥ Unterstütze Uns: kai-stuht.com/de/unterstütze-uns

Dr. Penn explores her new environment, but strange things keep happening... and who is is playing that music?Rapture 518 is an audiodrama created and produced in Canada.The author of Rapture 518 prefers to remain anonymous.Editing and Music completed in part by Arches AudioWebsite: https://www.rapture518.comFacebook: https://www.facebook.com/Rapture518Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/rapture518/Twitter: @Rapture518Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/rapture518/donationsAdvertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands

In this episode, Austin asks a question about the fovea. This is a question you might see from the Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems section of the MCAT. This podcast is designed for Pre-medical students preparing to take their Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT). This episode is powered by Premed Consultants, an all-inclusive premed advising program. Whether you are starting out as a freshman or about to start prepping for the MCAT, the premed consultants will help you throughout your entire premed process until you get into medical school. Not only is there a full MCAT program utilizing the most effective study tactics, but they will also help you through the entire admissions process as well. If you're interested in one on one mentorship, go to thepremedconsultants.com and you can schedule a free 30 min strategy session to see if Premed Consultants is the right fit for you. If you have any suggestions, concerns, or question, feel free to e-mail us at mcatflashgo@gmail.com We wish you the best of luck on your educational journey!

Les émotions sont souvent vues comme perturbatrices de notre quotidien. Ressentir de la peur, de la tristesse ou de la colère peut quelquefois paraître comme inconfortable et insécurisant. Pour Patrick Bobichon, thérapeuthe Vittoz, les émotions peuvent devenir nos alliées si on apprend à bien les accueillir. Comment? En en faisnat des alliées grâce la flexibilité émotionnelle comme l'explique Patrick Bobichon: "Avec le Vittoz, on ne cherche pas uniquement à ressentir des émotions dites positives, mais à développer une relation positive à nos émotions. Car les études scientifiques ont montré que c’est la capacité à nous ouvrir à un plus large panel d’émotions, à travers la flexibilité émotionnelle, en apprenant à sentir dans son corps nos émotions, à demeurer et consentir à vivre telle émotion même difficile dans l’ici et maintenant, qui apporte l’état de bien-être et la santé durable. Car croire que nous pourrions  gérer nos émotions, comme on pourrait gérer ses comptes ou une équipe en entreprise, cela laisserait entendre que nous pourrions avoir la maîtrise de nos émotions, par le truchement de notre jugement ou du contrôle mental, qui validerait quelles sont les émotions que je m'autorise à ressentir et exprimer, et à l’inverse celles que je devrais écarter ou refouler. Cette attitude de jugement de contrôle de nos émotions développe plutôt une rigidité psychologique et émotionnelle. Or, avec la Méthode Vittoz, nous allons apprendre à accueillir nos émotions en développant notre qualité de présence attentive dans l’instant présent, en apprenant à ne pas juger nos émotions, en levant le jeu des étiquettes sur les émotions dites « positives ou négatives ». Il existe un grand paradoxe en psychologie : plus je refuse une émotion, et plus elle va enfler et prendre de plus en plus de place, jusqu’à m’envahir ou au contraire être refoulée au plus profond de mon inconscient, et revenir plus tard sous la forme de symptômes psychosomatiques. A l’inverse, plus je laisse de la place à une émotion même difficile dans l’instant, et moins elle prendra toute la place. Avec le Vittoz, on va surtout apprendre à vivre nos émotions, non pas avec notre tête, mais en les vivant d’abord dans notre corps, lieu d’expression et de résonance de nos émotions. Notre corps, en tant qu'espace limité et contenant, nous permet de mieux canaliser l'énergie de nos émotions, pour ensuite les identifier et les utiliser afin de pouvoir poser des choix et des réponses plus conscientes et libres, et sortir de certains automatismes ou réactions inconscientes répétitives. La méthode Vittoz est une approche psychocorporelle basée sur la redécouverte de nos cinq sens, l’accueil de nos sensations, la conscience de nos actes, dans l’ici et maintenant. Elle utilise des exercices simples qui s’intègrent dans la vie quotidienne, contribuent à lui donner plus de sens et génèrent un plus grand plaisir de vivre. Les recherches scientifiques menées depuis 8 ans par l'Université de Psychologie de Grenoble-Alpes par la chercheuse Rebecca Shankland sur la méthode Vittoz à travers le programme FOVEA (Flexibilité Ouverture Vittoz Expérience Attentive) a permis de mettre en évidence des effets de la méthode sur la réduction du stress et de l'anxiété, l’amélioration du bien-être, des capacités d'attention, de mémorisation et de flexibilité émotionnelle." Contact: Patrick BOBICHON Praticien de la psychothérapie Vittoz Instructeur FOVEA Coordinateur de l'étude nationale FOVEA pour l'IRDC Pour Particuliers, Groupes et Organisations

John DeNicola talks about his own version of "Hungry Eyes" (in the top 30 of the national Adult Contemporary charts at the time of this interview). He also chats about the other song from "Dirty Dancing" that he co-wrote -- "(I've Had) The Time Of My Life)" -- writing with Franke Previte, writing with John Waite, and his first solo album -- "The Why Because" -- which came out in October, 2019.

In this season finale, I interview my friend, co-photographer, a partner in crime and wedding photographer expert Phillipa Maitland.  We talk a lot about investing in education, the importance of growth and evolution in business as well as things to know going into the wedding industry as a photographer.  Season 2 will be out in November 2020! Phillipa's Links Phillipa Maitland https://www.instagram.com/phillipamaitlandphotography/ https://www.phillipa.ca/blog/tew-tiny-elegant-wedding-a-new-small-wedding-venue Fovea Photography https://www.instagram.com/fovea_agency/ https://www.foveaphoto.ca/ - What The Business?! jnbaerg@gmail.com https://www.instagram.com/whatthebusinesspodcast/

Guests:Jillian BuckholzDirector of Sustainability, California State University — East BayMackenzie CriggerEnergy Conservation and Sustainability Manager, Chapman UniversityJoseph FullertonEnergy and Sustainability Manager, San Mateo County Community College DistrictNurit KatzChief Sustainability Officer, University of California — Los AngelesHost: Dave KarlsgodtPrincipal, Fovea, LLCProduction Assistant: Kaia FindlayIntern, Campus Energy and Sustainability PodcastIn this episode, you'll hear a live recording of a panel discussion at the California Higher Education Sustainability Conference, which took place earlier this summer at the University of California, Santa Barbara. It was great to be back at this conference again. Regular listens may remember Episode 13 which we recorded at CHESC in 2018. While that episode focused on Aggressive Climate Action, this year, we focused on the idea of institutionalizing sustainability. We tried to deconstruct some of the tactics, traits and tricks that our panelists, who are all rockstar sustainability professionals, use to move beyond running pilot projects and underfunded awareness campaigns to leveraging the full power of the world-class institutions that they work within.

Julian DautremontDirector of Programs, AASHEHost: Dave KarlsgodtPrincipal, Fovea, LLCProduction Assistant: Sarah BarrFrom energy use to purchasing decisions, waste management to community engagement, it’s no secret that sustainability is a notoriously broad and difficult to measure concept.Creating a comprehensive sustainability rating system was exactly the challenge guest Julian Dautremont and colleagues from the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education (AASHE) were tackling when the STARS program was born. STARS is short for the Sustainability Tracking, Assessment, and Rating System and is the most widely used sustainability reporting system among colleges and universities in the United States. (It’s also the sole metric used to determine the Sierra Club’s “Cool Schools” ranking each year, in case you were wondering).If STARS still stumps you or if you’re simply curious about how a broad concept like sustainability can possibly be quantified and compared, join us this episode as Julian guides us through STARS’ creation, current function and challenges, and goals for the future.

Guests:Claire VeutheyDirector of ESG & ImpactOpenInvestMike FiorioTrusteeNorthland College Board of TrusteesHost: Dave KarlsgodtPrincipal, Fovea, LLCRemember the old adage, Put your money where your mouth is? Or maybe, vote with your wallet?No matter which way you say it, money talks. In this episode, Claire Veuthey of OpenInvest and Mike Fiori of Northland College’s Board of Trustees discuss sustainable investments, and how to make financial choices that reflect planet-forward values. Claire, the director of ESG & Impact at OpenInvest, a startup devoted to socially responsible investing, walks through the management of funds and investments and how they can become more sustainable. Mike discusses how Northland’s Board of Trustees reached their decision to divest from fossil fuels, and the importance of listening to student voices in balance with the university’s financial interests.

Guests:Andrea Trimble, CEM, LEED AP BD+C, O+MOffice for Sustainability DirectorUniversity of VirginiaJesse Warren PE, CEM, LEED AP BD+C, O+MSustainability Program Manager for Buildings & OperationsUniversity of VirginiaHost: Dave KarlsgodtPrincipal, Fovea, LLCThe focus of this episode is the University of Virginia’s Delta Force, a self-funded building energy efficiency and sustainability program. You’ll hear how UVA has taken a $400,000 seed fund to yield $42M dollars in energy related cost savings to the University. We get into the nuts and bolts of the program but also zoom back to talk more generally about their sustainability programs and collaboration with their city and regional governments.

Sean asked "Why is it that when you look directly at a small faint star it disappears, but when you look at a point near it, you can see it again?" Ben McAllister has been searching far and wide for the answer to this cosmological conundrum... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists

Fredrik talks VR with Azad Balabanian. Az is director of photogrammetry at Realities.io, likes flying cameras and hosts the excellent Research VR podcast. We cover how VR is coming along, how it has evolved since 2016, and what exciting things are happening right now. We also discuss how you might get started with VR, as a developer or otherwise, how Az and other do exciting work in VR, and some of the interesting ethical questions being raised. Hopefully we won’t make all the mistakes of social networks again in VR. Thank you Cloudnet for sponsoring our VPS! Comments, questions or tips? We are @kodsnack, @tobiashieta, @oferlund and @bjoreman on Twitter, have a page on Facebook and can be emailed at info@kodsnack.se if you want to write longer. We read everything we receive. If you enjoy Kodsnack we would love a review in iTunes! Links Azad Balabanian Realities.io Research VR podcast Øredev 2018 Cognitive scence Oculus rift HTC Vive Playstation VR Bigscreen VR Virtual desktop VR VR chat Beat saber Research VR episode on Beat saber, featuring one of the developers Oculus quest DDR - Dance dance revolution Guitar hero Beat saber modding website and Discord Foveated rendering Magic leap CES 2019 Holoride Research VR had a interesting episode about in-flight VR Ready player one Wacom tablets Zbrush Goro Fujita Google cardboard Windows mixed reality The Joe Rogan experience Photogrammetry Fovea Tobii The Arab spring VRTK SLAM Az on Youtube Samsung odyssey Upload VR Road to VR VR scout Az' Øredev 2018 presentations Titles The signs and designs of virtual reality What VR was, what it is right now and what it will be The peak of the hype of VR The empathy machine Lesser platforms A massively serious workout Huge incremental progress happening Perceptual hacks Show intent to the app Not just for Beat saber at home Fractal worlds I eat in VR An infinite amount of monitors and windows A hack of your perceputal system It only takes five years

Guests:Devin Kleiner Senior Project Architect, Senior AssociatePerkins+WillChris MeekAssociate Professor of ArchitectureUniversity of WashingtonKyle McDermottCampus Sustainability Fund CoordinatorUniversity of WashingtonChris HellsternLiving Building Challenge Services DirectorThe Miller Hull PartnershipHost: Dave KarlsgodtPrincipal, Fovea, LLCIn this episode you will hear a live recording made during the 2019 Washington Oregon Higher Education Sustainability conference on the campus of the University of Washington. The session was entitled: “Building a Sustainable Future: Intersections of Energy, Infrastructure, Student and Community Engagement in Campus Design with Global Reach.” We discuss two new cutting-edge buildings on the University of Washington campus. We also talk about how students were able to affect the design and sustainability features incorporated into these buildings through engagement and through funding provided by the Campus Sustainability Fund, a program funded through student fees.Resources:UW Campus Sustainability FundUW Center for Integrated DesignLife Science BuildingPerkins+Will: University of Washington Life Sciences Building Designed for Next-Generation of Research, Teaching, and OutreachUW - Biology: Life Sciences Building wins DJC Building of the YearUW Life Sciences Building MicrositeUW Sustainability BlogUW News VideoPopulation Health BuildingMiller Hull: Population Health Facility, University of WashingtonUW breaks ground on new Population Health building

Guests:Julie CahillaneSustainability Associate DirectorNorthwestern UniversityGarry Cooper, PhDCo-founder/CEORheaply, Inc.Host: Dave KarlsgodtPrincipal, Fovea, LLCIn this episode you’ll hear my interview with Julie Cahillane, Sustainability Associate Director at Northwestern University and Dr. Garry Cooper, adjunct professor at Northwestern’s Fineberg School of Medicine and CEO/Co-founder of Rheaply, Inc.In our conversation you’ll hear how Garry has leveraged his experiences working in research laboratories, to start up a company that is helping institutions better manage their laboratory surplus supplies and under-utilized equipment.Julie will discuss how Northwestern University is piloting Rheaply’s platform as part of their broader sustainability efforts to reduce waste and increase reuse in labs at Northwestern University.

Guest: Brian CampbellDirector of Sustainability EducationCentral College of Pella, IowaSpecial Guest and Co-host: Rob McKennaPrincipal, Fovea, LLCHost: Dave KarlsgodtPrincipal, Fovea, LLCIn this episode you’ll hear an interview with Brian Campbell, Director of Sustainability Education at Central College in Pella Iowa. Joining me in this episode is Fovea, Principal, Rob McKenna. Together we discuss Central College’s recent climate action plan with a focus on a unique landfill-gas flaring project that came out of that planning effort.

Learn about how many megapixels your eye can see; some of the coolest airport activities you can find during your next layover; and the research-backed WOOP method for working toward and achieving your goals. In this podcast, Cody Gough and Ashley Hamer discuss the following stories from Curiosity.com to help you get smarter and learn something new in just a few minutes: Buy ANOMIA on Amazon — https://amzn.to/2Dl5EIg (please support our sponsors!) How Many Megapixels Is the Human Eye? — https://curiosity.im/2DffH2o These Airports Have the Weirdest, Coolest Layover Activities — https://curiosity.im/2De0Hlh WOOP Is a Research-Backed Method for Working Toward and Achieving Your Goals — https://curiosity.im/2Df2zdM Please tell us about yourself and help us improve the show by taking our listener survey! https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/curiosity-listener-survey If you love our show and you're interested in hearing full-length interviews, then please consider supporting us on Patreon. You'll get exclusive episodes and access to our archives as soon as you become a Patron! Learn about these topics and more on Curiosity.com, and download our 5-star app for Android and iOS. Then, join the conversation on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Plus: Amazon smart speaker users, enable our Alexa Flash Briefing to learn something new in just a few minutes every day!

Summer is over. School has started and so now I, Samara, must trek up to school five days a week. Yippee. But for some, such as Fovea Munson Future Doctor of America (not that she wants to be a doctor) summer has just begun. Of course when your parents work at a cadaver lab, how normal can your summer be?

Guests:Eric EberhardtDirector of Energy ServicesEnergy & Facilities Management ServicesUniversity of California, Office of the PresidentLindsey KalkbrennerDirector, Sustainability, University OperationsDirector, Center for SustainabilitySanta Clara UniversityFletcher AlexanderSustainability Programs Manager, Institute for Sustainable DevelopmentCalifornia State University, ChicoTyler Durchslag-RichardsonSenior Analyst, Facilities Services and Integrated PlanningCalifornia Institute of TechnologyHost: Dave Karlsgodt, Principal, Fovea, LLCThis episode was recorded live on July 10th at the 2018 California Higher Education Sustainability Conference (CHESC) which took place on the campus of the University of California, Santa Barbara. Dave Karlsgodt moderated the session: “The Challenges and Opportunities of Aggressive Climate Action.” Panelists from a cross-section of California institutions answered questions about their climate action efforts. You’ll hear both success stories from these leading institutions, but also some honest discussion on where they have more work to do. Topics include the nature of their climate action strategies, making the business case for sustainable practices, the dual role of higher ed. to lead and to educate, carbon neutrality, 100% renewable energy and more. Audience members bring up some challenging questions including how to consider equity, social justice, and the stratification of resources to address these challenges. The discussion includes a combination of inspiring success stories and honest self-reflection from sustainability professionals working in the trenches.

Guest: Lee F. Ball Jr., PhDChief Sustainability Officer, Appalachian State UniversityHost: Dave Karlsgodt, Principal, Fovea, LLCIn this episode you’ll hear my interview with Dr. Lee Ball. Lee is the Chief Sustainability Office at Appalachian State University in Boone, North Carolina. While our goal for this conversation was to talk about his podcast, “Find Your Sustain Ability” we also get into a myriad of other topics. Lee will explain the robust sustainability program at Appalachian State and how he works to help people find their connection to sustainability. We’ll touch on the connections and disconnections of rural and urban communities with the natural world. Lee will describe how he has approached working in sustainability in the heart of “Trump Country.” We’ll end with an overview for the App State solar powered racing team.

Guest: Nathan GrafClimate Action Senior Fellow, Swarthmore CollegeHost: Dave Karlsgodt, Principal, Fovea, LLCMy guest in this episode is Nathan Graf from Swarthmore College, a small liberal arts college located just outside of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Nathan and I discussed Swarthmore’s carbon charge program. Nathan explains the origin of their policy, the nuts-and-bolts of how the charge is calculated, and how the funds from the program are used. We go on to discuss how putting a price on carbon has impacted students, faculty and staff as well as the reputation of Swarthmore as a leader in sustainability. We explore Swarthmore’s use of a shadow price on carbon when evaluating larger capital projects and the challenges of calculating a specific cost for impacts of carbon emissions on society at large. Nathan explains how Swarthmore’s program compares to alternative approaches used by other institutions that are also working to put a price on carbon emissions.

Ghosts. Vibe. Phantom. Neurons. Fovea. Floter. Food. Racist. Sex work. Was I on something? Rate on iTunes. Donate on Patreon.

Guest: Sandra GoldmarkDirector, Sustainability and Environment and Associate Professor of Professional Practice in Theatre at Barnard College;Co-Founder of Fixup.Host: Dave Karlsgodt, Principal, Fovea, LLCIn this episode you’ll hear my Feb 26th, 2018 interview with Sandra Goldmark. Sandra is the Sustainability Director at Barnard College in New York City. She is also a teacher, a theater set-designer a parent and the founder of Fix-up, a social enterprise repair service. As you’ll hear, Sandra is a 21 Century renaissance woman combining the disciplines of campus sustainability, the art and social entrepreneurship. You’ll hear about her journey as she’s explored the humanity within our material culture. Her story ebbs and flows between small-scale object like shower radios to big-scale ideas like how we might repair our global economic systems to better in-tune with our innate human values.

Guest: Mark "Puck" MyklebyCo-Founder, Chief Strategy OfficerLong Haul Capital GroupHost: Dave Karlsgodt, Principal, Fovea, LLCIn this November 2017, interview I’ll talk with retired Marine Colonel Mark Mykleby about a book he recently co-authored with Patrick Doherty and Joel Makower, called “The new Grand Strategy, Restoring America’s Prosperity, Security and Sustainability in the 21st Century.” Our discussion covers a wide range of topics including the history of Grand Strategy in the United States including the lead-up to World War II, the Post-war recovery and the Cold War. He talks about how our current systems are based on a now obsolete grand strategy and goes on to outline a vision for how America can reinvent itself using sustainability as a core, organizing concept.

Guests: Liska Richer, Manager of SEEDs Sustainability Program at the University of British ColumbiaRachelle Haddock, Project Coordinator Campus as a Learning Lab at the University of CalgaryCaroline Savage, Campus as a Lab Director at PrincetonHost: Dave Karlsgodt, Principal, Fovea, LLCIn this episode you’ll hear a round-robin interview with three different thought leaders who run programs focused on using their campuses as a test-bed for sustainability. They all facilitate the use of campus resources to connect students, faculty and staff to hands-on, sustainable projects at their universities. They discuss the many common terms used for these programs including "campus as living lab", "campus as a learning lab", "applied learning." Each guest talks about the logistics of how their programs are structured, funded and evolving. They also share their insights on the major challenges and opportunities related to Campus as Lab projects in the broader picture of sustainable development and higher education.

Guests: Merry Ranking, Director of Sustainability and Jeff Witt, Director of Utilities at Iowa State UniversityHost: Dave Karlsgodt, Principal, Fovea, LLCIn this interview, we get an inside look inside look at the decision-making process for an on-site power plant and how a land grant institution pursues sustainable energy while balancing institutional energy demands and fiscal responsibility. Merry and Jeff describe the roles on campus and how they work together to advance the three facets of sustainability (environmental, economic, and social) on their campus.Web Resources:https://www.livegreen.iastate.edu/contact

Eyes Your eyes are more complex than any camera on the planet! Cornea:  a concave lens on the front of your eye that focuses light Iris:  the colored part, a diaphragm that controls how much light comes in (the pupil is the hole the light enters = equivalent to the aperture of a camera) Lens:  the "focuser", uses a process called accommodation to focus near to far and make the image as sharp and clear as possible Retina:  the sensor, and sends signals to the brain to translate light into an images The retina has 2 types of sensors: Rods - detect light intensity Cones - color differentiation Two special areas of the retina: Macula - right in the middle of the retina, they place that detects the most detail (that's why the center of your vision field is a clearer picture than the periphery) Fovea - the center of the macula, it contains cones (color sensors) only to aid in the translation of very fine details Support structures Extra-ocular muscles - allows your eyes to move around in their holes There are chambers of fluid that are between each structure of the eye, and that fluid helps hold nutrients that feed those parts, and remove waste Choroid:  the layer that holds all the blood vessels that feed the eyes Sclera:  the whites of your eyes, an outer coating that hold everything inside Conjuntiva:  the mucus membrane that attaches the sclera to the eyelids; produces liquid for lubrication and trapping invaders PSA Please don't vigorously rub or scratch your eyes, you could hurt them! Connect with me Support us on Patreon *NEW* Join the Pharmacist Answers Podcast Community on Facebook Subscribe: iTunes, Stitcher, GooglePlay, TuneIn Radio Like the Facebook page Music Credits:  “Radio Martini” Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)  Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

On today's episode of THE FOOD SEEN, we reconsider the chicken with Aliza Eliazarov, who's compelling backyard poultry portraits ask, when does a bird become a "wing." During her time at the School of Agriculture at University of Connecticut, Aliza may have majored in Environmental Engineering, but an underlying interest in preservation and conservation issues found it's way into her photography. Aliza's seen South Central Farmers on strike because their land was being sold to developers, when Bolivia's first indigenous President, Evo Morales, took office and had an agrarian reform plan to give land back to the people who had been displaced, when freegans went dumpster diving and opened up a world of food rescue. Her current exhibition, "Waste Not" on view at Fovea in Beacon, NY at the Hudson Beach Glass Gallery, until July 3rd, explores these topics through still life, seen in tableaus of gleaned produce from supermarkets and restaurants. When Aliza's not foraging for forgotten food, she's likely setting up a barn studio to photographing alpaca or draft horses for the cover of Modern Farmer, embodying true farm-to-table photography.

Die Mineralisierungsverteilung der subchondralen Knochenplatte ist das Korrelat der langfristigen mechanischen Beanspruchung eines Gelenkes und erlaubt damit Aussagen zur Funktionsweise und zur Mechanik eines Gelenkes. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde erstmals eine Analyse der physiologischen Beanspruchungsverteilung des unteren Kopfgelenkes (C1–C2) und des Wirbelgelenkes C2–C3 an Patienten durchgeführt. Mittels CT-Osteoabsorptiometrie (CT-OAM) wurden „Densitogramme“, also Darstellungen der Mineralisierungsverteilung von 72 Facies articulares superiores axis, 72 Facies articulares inferiores axis, 76 Facies articulares inferiores atlantis, 36 Facies articulares anteriores dentis, 36 Facies articulares posteriores dentis und 38 Foveae dentis erstellt. Die Sortierung und Gruppeneinteilung der Densitogramme erfolgte entsprechend der Lage und Anzahl der Maxima der subchondralen Mineralisierung. Die Hauptmineralisierung der Facies articularis inferior axis lag in den peripheren Bereichen. Ein Klaffen der Wirbelgelenke im Segment C2–C3, auch bei kleinen Bewegungen, und ein peripherer Durchstoßpunkt der Kraftresultierenden sind hierfür die entscheidenden Faktoren. Die Gelenkflächen der Articulatio atlantoaxialis lateralis wiesen fast ausnahmslos dorsal eine erhöhte Mineralisierung auf. Etwas mehr als die Hälfte aller Gelenkflächen zeigte an beiden Gelenkpartnern zusätzlich ein zentrales Dichtemaximum. Diese Verteilung wird wesentlich durch ein passives Verhalten des Atlas verursacht. Die Facies articularis anterior dentis zeigte meist ein zentrales Dichtemaximum und zusätzlich periphere Nebenmaxima, während auf der Fovea dentis atlantis eine zirkulär erhöhte Mineralisierung oder eine kaudale Zone höherer Mineralisierung zu sehen war. Da der Atlas eine große Bewegungsfreiheit durch Rotation und passive Sagittalbewegungen hat, trifft die Kraftresultierende dort sehr variabel auf. Dadurch bleibt die Beanspruchung auf der Facies articularis anterior dentis weitgehend auf den zentralen Bereich beschränkt, während sie auf der Fovea dentis in periphere Bereiche wandert.

In dieser Studie wurden erstmals beide Gelenkflächen des Hüftgelenkes von gesunden im Vergleich zu an Hüftgelenksdysplasie (HD) erkrankten Hunden mit Hilfe der Computertomographie-Osteoabsorptiometrie (CT-OAM) qualitativ und quantitativ untersucht. Die Hüftgelenke von 27 Hunden mittelgroßer und großer Rassen wurden nach der Klassifizierung der F.C.I. (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) und der Klassifizierung nach Flückiger am Röntgenbild beurteilt und die einzelnen Hüft-gelenke entsprechend ihrem HD-Grad in Gruppen eingeteilt. Es wurden von beiden Gelenkflächen des Hüftgelenkes Densitogramme (Muster der sub-chondralen Knochendichte) erstellt und die aus der quantitativen CT-OAM erhobenen Daten statistisch ausgewertet. Die 15 gesunden Hüftpfannen zeigten eine regelmäßige, vom Alter unabhän-gige Anordnung der Maxima der subchondralen Knochendichte. Sie waren schmal und lagen eng am Rand im Vorder- und Hinterhorn oder in allen drei Gelenkanteilen des Acetabulum, also zusätzlich im Pfannendach. Am Caput ossis femoris stellten sich ein bis drei Maxima dar, die die Fovea capitis umschlossen und sich von dort in der Äquatorialebene nach kaudal und kranial erstreckten. Der dorsale Bereich war geringer mineralisiert. Die Verteilung der subchondralen Mineralisierung am Acetabulum und am Caput ossis femoris war gleichmäßig, der Femurkopf war im Mittel 130 mg Ca/ml geringer in der Gesamtmineralisierung. In der Gruppe der leicht bis mittelgradig erkrankten Hunde (19 Hüftgelenke) waren gegenüber der ersten Gruppe nur geringe Unterschiede festzustellen. Die Maxima am Acetabulum waren breiter, aber noch eng am Rand gelegen. Am Caput ossis femoris fanden sich ein bis zwei Maxima, die Muster waren ähnlich der in der ersten Gruppe. Die Gesamtmineralisierung war für beide Gelenkanteile deutlich höher als in der ersten Gruppe, es gab auch hier die Differenz zwischen der konkaven und der konvexen Gelenkseite. Die schwer erkrankten Hüftgelenke zeigten im Vergleich eindrucksvolle Unter-schiede. In 14 von 20 Acetabula überzog ein großes, breites Maximum das Hinterhorn und das Pfannendach, bei einigen auch die Fossa acetabuli. Die Fläche dieses Maximums war deutlich größer als die in den beiden anderen Gruppen. Im Vorderhorn fanden sich nur gering mineralisierte oder keine Maxima. Die anderen 6 Hüftgelenkspfannen besaßen Maxima, die z.T. mit denen der Gruppe der mittelschwer erkrankten Hunde vergleichbar waren. Am Caput ossis femoris war in 17 Fällen alleinig ein medial um die Fovea capitis gelagertes Maximum nachweisbar, in den restlichen drei Femurköpfen gab es ein zusätzliches kleines, dorsal gelegenes Maximum. Die Mineralisierung war inhomogen verteilt und das Acetabulum durchschnittlich 150 mg Ca/ml höher mineralisiert als das Caput ossis femoris. Diese Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass die subchondralen Dichtemuster im Hüft-gelenk individuell und sensibel auf Veränderungen der Biomechanik reagieren. Im gesunden Acetabulum lagen die Maxima schmal und nah am Rand, das be-deutet, dass die höchste Belastung an diesem Rand stattfand. Das gelegentlich auftretende Maximum im Pfannendach erklärt sich durch einen Biegungsstress bei höherer Belastung, wenn das Caput ossis femoris tiefer in die Hüftgelenks-pfanne gepresst wurde. Die Änderung der Hüftmechanik wird an den Mineralisierungsmustern der schwer erkrankten Hüften besonders deutlich. Die großen, vor allem im kaudo-dorsalen Bereich lokalisierten Maxima entstanden durch eine Verstärkung der Flexion. Gleichzeitig wird das Hüftgelenk weniger gestreckt, es lassen sich deshalb nur kleinere oder gar keine Maxima im Vorderhorn nachweisen. Zu diesem Gangbild kommt es auf Grund der Schmerzen, die den Hund zu Schon-haltungen und Lahmheiten zwingen. Auch die Verringerung der Bewegungsamplitude lässt sich an den Densito-grammen nachweisen: Die ventralen Anteile der beiden Hörner sind selten in die Maxima einbezogen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie bestätigen die kinetischen und kinematischen Be-obachtungen zur Biomechanik der Hüfte und tragen zum weiteren Verständnis der Hüftgelenksdysplasie bei.

Die vorliegende Arbeit vergleicht die detaillierten Strukturanalysen in der Retina von 4 Pavianarten mit den Untersuchungen in der Retina des Mantelpavians. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, tiefere Erkenntnisse über das Farbensehen des Mantelpavians zu erlangen. Die Anwendung moderner Messmethoden ist aus tierschutzrechtlichen Gründen bei den Pavianarten rar und nur in wenigen Fällen wurden in vitro-Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Die M- und L-Zapfendichte im Bereich 100 μm von der Fovea (79)(Krebs und Krebs, 1989), die S-Zapfendichte bei 1 Grad von der Fovea (84)(Marc und Sperling, 1977) und die Dichte der Ganglienzellen (80)(Fischer und Kirby, 1991) sind in der Retina des Grünen Pavians und Gelben Pavians gegenüber den Dichten in der menschlichen Retina leicht erhöht (51)(Curcio und Allen, 1990), (97)(Goodchild et al., 1996), (48)(Ahnelt, 1998). Die Zufallsverteilung bei den M- und L-Zapfen und die reguläre Verteilung bei den S-Zapfen haben der Gelbe Pavian und der Rote Pavian mit dem Menschen gemein (84)(Marc und Sperling, 1977), (83)(Martin et al., 2000). Der Grüne Pavian besitzt einen Visual streak (80)(Fischer und Kirby, 1991), der etwa die gleiche Form hat wie in der menschlichen Retina (51)(Curcio und Allen, 1990). Beim Gelben Pavian antworten die midget- und parasol- Ganglienzellen auf die erregenden KA-, AMPA-, NMDA-Rezeptoren und auf die hemmenden GABA-, GLY-Rezeptoren (85)(Zhou et al., 1994). Bis auf Untersuchungen an Müller-Zellen in der Mantelpavian-Retina, siehe Kap. 4.7.1 gibt es keine Veröffentlichung über das Sehsystem des Mantelpavians. In der Fovea wurden nur Zapfen und keine Stäbchen gezählt (87)(Reichenbach, 1999). Dieser Befund ist schlüssig mit der über alle Primaten getroffenen Aussage. Ein für elektrophysiologische Messungen nach der Methode FIS tauglicher portabler Versuchsaufbau wurde neu entwickelt. Messungen in medias res an 10 Mantelpavianen im Münchener Tierpark Hellabrunn belegen die hohe Qualität des Verfahrens. Die Methode FIS, die Entwicklung des Verfahrens, seine aufwendige Programmierung der Regelung und Auswertung werden in den Kap. 5, Kap. 7.2 und im Anhang Kap. 13 erläutert. Die Methode FIS erlaubt schnelle Messungen der ERG-Antworten mit hoher Auflösung im 10-9 m Bereich. Die daraus berechneten spektralen Empfindlichkeiten zeichnen sich durch gute Reproduzierbarkeit aus. Die spektralen Empfindlichkeiten können durch Summation von Absorptionskurven angenähert werden, wie ein Abgleich mit den nach der 96 9 Zusammenfassung / Summary Mikrospektralphotometrie gewonnenen Spektraldaten der Photopigmente beweist (82)(Bowmaker et al., 1991), siehe Kap. 7.2.3 und Kap. 7.3. Die Spektraldaten der Photopigmente der Mantelpaviane reihen sich in die Spektraldaten der Altweltaffen ein. Die Messungen der ERG-Antworten und die Berechnung der spektralen Empfindlichkeiten von 10 Mantelpavianen nach der Methode FIS bringen neue Ergebnisse über die Verteilung der S-, M- und L-Zapfen und über die Variation der L- zu M-Zapfenzahl bei den Pavianarten. Für die Mantelpavian-Retina beträgt die durchschnittliche prozentuale Verteilung der S-Zapfen ca. 5 Prozent, der M-Zapfen ca. 29 Prozent und der L-Zapfen ca. 66 Prozent, siehe Kap. 7.4. Die Werte zeigen eine ähnliche Verteilung der S-, M- und L-Zapfen wie sie in der menschlichen Retina beobachtet wird (18)(Sharpe et al. 1999b). In der Variation der L- zu M-Zapfenzahl zeichnet sich beim Mantelpavian eine Tendenz zu mehr L-Zapfen ab. Bei den Mantelpavian Weibchen wird eine Variation von 2,0:1 und bei den Mantelpavian- Männchen eine Variation von 2,4:1 bestimmt, siehe Kap. 7.5. Es gibt keinen großen Unterschied in der Variation der L- zu M-Zapfenzahl zwischen dem Geschlecht der Mantelpaviane. Bei den Altweltaffen existiert kein merklicher statistischer Unterschied im relativen Verhältnis der L- zu M-Zapfen-mRNA (58)(Deeb et al., 2000). Aus der Berechnung der spektralen Empfindlichkeiten bei den Mantelpavianen lassen sich eine klassische blau-gelb-Verschaltung und eine weitere Verschaltung ableiten, die aber näherer Prüfung bedarf. Das Ergebnis steht im Einklang mit der Zunahme des blau-gelb-Kanals gegenüber dem rot-grün-Kanal in der peripheren Retina (45)(Murray et al., 2006). In weiteren Forschungsvorhaben sollten bei den Pavianarten die Gegenfarbmechanismen der klassischen S-ON/(L+M)-OFF Zellen, SOFF/( L+M)-ON Zellen und weiterer Ganglienzelltypen untersucht werden, die zum Farbensehen beitragen könnten. Die neuen Ergebnisse über die Mantelpaviane geben weitere Impulse zu Untersuchungen offener Fragestellungen. Der Mantelpavian besitzt ein trichromatisches Farbensehen

1. The inferior colliculus of 8 Greater Horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinun) was systematically sampled with electrode penetrations covering the entire volume of the nucleus. The best frequencies and intensity thresholds for pure tones (Fig. 2) were determined for 591 neurons. The locations of the electrode penetrations within the inferior colliculus were histologically verified. 2. About 50% of all neurons encountered had best frequencies (BF) in the frequency range between 78 and 88 kHz (Table 1, Fig. 1A). Within this frequency range the BFs between 83.0 and 84.5 kHz were overrepresented with 16.3% of the total population of neurons (Fig. 1B). The frequencies of the constant frequency components of the echoes fall into this frequency range. 3. The representation of BFs expressed as number of neurons per octave shows a striking correspondence to the nonuniform innervation density in the afferent innervation of the basilar membrane (Bruns and Schmieszek, in press). The high innervation density of the basilar membrane in the frequency band between 83 and 84.5 kHz coincides with the maximum of the distribution of number of neurons per octave across frequency in the inferior colliculus (Fig. 1 C). 4. The disproportionate representation of frequencies in the auditory system of the greater horseshoe bat is described as an acoustical fovea functioning in analogy to the fovea in the visual system. The functional importance of the Doppler-shift compensation for such a foveal mechanism in the auditory system of horseshoe bats is related to that of tracking eye movements in the visual system.

Die vorliegende Arbeit hatte das Ziel, die ldquorUmstimmung der retinalen Raumwerteldquo während willkürlicher horizontaler Blicksprünge (Sakkaden) zu untersuchen. Die Methodik bestand darin, während oder nach der Augenbewegung kurzzeitig einen ca. 1° großen Lichtreiz (Elektronenblitz) im Gesichtsfeld der Vp zu exponieren, den diese in bezug auf eine kopffeste Skala zu lokalisieren hatte. Die Auslösung des Lichtreizes erfolgte auf elektrookulographischem Weg durch die Augenbewegung selbst. Bei diesen Versuchen traten in systematischer Abhängigkeit vom retinalen Ort des Reizes und von der zwischen Sakkadenbeginn und Reizexposition verstrichenen Zeit deutliche Verlagerungstäuschungen auf. Sie lassen sich am besten interpretieren, wenn man die Umwertungsprozesse als ldquorWanderungldquo eines lokalisatorischen Bezugssystems über ein zentralnervöses Projektionsfeld der Retina auffaßt. Diese Wanderung wird eingeleitet und angeführt durch ein rasches Einschwingen der Koordinate des Zielpunktes der Blickbewegung in die Fovea; in der zielabgekehrten Netzhauptperipherie vollzieht sich die Umwertung wesentlich langsamer. Dabei kann es vorübergehend zu topologischen Veränderungen des Bezugssystems kommen, deren Genese noch unklar ist. Ausgehend von den bislang vorliegenden Ansätzen zur Erklärung der Richtungskonstanz (insbesondere vom Reafferenzprinzip, den Aufmerksamkeitstheorien und der Theorie MacKays) wird ein eigenes Modell entwickelt, in dessen Rahmen die Versuchsergebnisse diskutiert werden.