Podcasts about Reichsmark

Ein US-Wissenschaftler will 1934 herausfinden, warum sich Menschen früh den Nazis angeschlossen haben. Er verspricht 125 Reichsmark für den glaubwürdigsten Aufsatz begeisterter Hitler-Anhänger - und die schreiben gerne drauflos... Von Christiane Kopka.

Ihr Name ist den wenigsten Menschen geläufig: Gerda Jo Werner Mit der Währungsreform im Jahr 1948 musste die bis dahin gültige Reichsmark ersetzt werden. Somit galt es auch, neue Münzen herzustellen. Mit der Umsetzung war die „Bank deutscher Länder“ als Vorläufer der Bundesbank betraut. Zur Motivfindung wurde ein Künstlerwettbewerb ausgeschrieben. Für die 50-Pfennig-Münze wollte man ein Motiv haben, das den Wiederaufbau Deutschlands nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg symbolisiert. Der Bildhauer Richard Martin Werner überzeugte mit seinem Bildnis von der „Baumpflanzerin“. Für die Jury war es ein perfektes Zeugnis des Neuanfangs und der Wiederaufforstung. Gleichzeitig würdigte es die Arbeit der Trümmerfrauen. Als Honorar erhielt der Künstler etwa 3.000 Reichsmark. Als Vorlage für seinen Entwurf dienten dem Bildhauer Aktzeichnungen seiner Ehefrau Johanna „Jo“ Werner. Um dem Thema des Wettbewerbs zu entsprechen, zog er seinem knienden Modell kurzerhand Leinenkleider und Kopftuch an. Zudem legte er ihr den zu pflanzenden Eichentrieb in die Hände. Bis zur Ablösung durch den Euro blieb die 50 Pfennig Münze mit dem Motiv “Baumpflanzerin” im Umlauf. Die Münze wurde milliardenfach geprägt. Wer die Frau auf der Münze war, wurde in der Öffentlichkeit erst 1987 bekannt. Bis dahin ging das Motiv mit Gerda Jo Werner bereits seit knapp 40 Jahren von Hand zu Hand.

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Geldgeschichte(n): Wiener Weltausstellung & Deutsche Mark Im Rahmen unseres deutsch-österreichischen Verständigungsprojekts vereinen mein Bloggerkollege Clemens Faustenhammer und ich die zwei schönsten Nebensachen der Welt, nämlich Geld und Geschichte, miteinander und reisen dafür einmal monatlich zurück in unsere Finanz-Zukunft. In der letzten Folge der Geldgeschichten im Jahr 2023 blicken wir auf die Geschehnisse eines Massenphänomens, nämlich der Wiener Weltausstellung im Jahr 1873 und werfen danach einen Blick auf die Deutsche Mark, die sich vor exakt 75 Jahren wie der bundesrepublikanische Phönix aus der deutschen Reichsasche erhob. Was heute als leidiger Standard gilt, war schon vor 150 Jahren Usus: Die politische Inszenierung von Großereignissen beschränkt(e) sich keineswegs auf die Massenspektakel im Kontext des Sports. Unbestritten im schleichenden Niedergang begriffen, schwang sich die Habsburgermonarchie nochmals auf, um ein letztes Mal der Welt ihren kulturellen Führungsanspruch im Konzert der Großmächte zu unterstreichen. Nach den verhängnisvollen Niederlagen gegen Preußen und dem noch jungen Italien wechselte die Doppelmonarchie den Spielort von den Schlachtfeldern weg in Richtung internationaler Leistungsschau. Im kurzen liberalen Zeitalter Österreich-Ungarns fand die fünfte Weltausstellung im Wiener Prater unweit des heute noch beliebten Vergnügungsareals statt. Doch wie erfolgreich verlief die Mobilisierung der Massen? Und war die kostspielige Angelegenheit tatsächlich vom nachhaltigen Nutzen für die Metropolisierung Wiens? Die zweite Geldgeschichte führt uns zur sprichwörtlichen Stunde null, dem Ende des Deutschen Reichs, welches die Reichsmark mit in den Abgrund riss. Ich werde erörtern, wie innerhalb von drei Jahren die Rahmenbedingungen für den Aufstieg jener Institutionen geschaffen wurden, die bis 2002 als Inbegriff von Stabilität und Wohlstand galten, als Symbol des deutschen Wiederaufstiegs und wirtschaftlicher Dominanz: Die Bundesbank und die Deutsche Mark. Dabei werden wir ein weiteres Mal auf die harte Tour lernen, in welchem außerordentlichen Maße die Bilanzqualität über das Wohl und Wehe einer Währung entscheidet. Gelang es noch im Jahr 1923, die Mark in nur fünf Tagen zu stabilisieren und knapp zehn Jahre zu verteidigen, war daran nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg angesichts der Reichsschulden in Höhe von geschätzten 660 Prozent der Wirtschaftsleistung nicht mehr zu denken – erneut wurden die Geldwerteigner zur Ader gelassen! Eine frische Folge unseres gemeinsamen Podcastformats mit jeweils zwei lehrreichen Geldgeschichten erscheint an jedem letzten Freitag im Monat! Medienempfehlungen: ► Felix Butschek: Österreichische Wirtschaftspolitik seit 1945 ► Wolfgang Kos / Ralph Gleis: Experiment Metropole ► Karl Vocelka: Geschichte Österreichs ► Deutsche Bundesbank: Monatsberichte ► Hans Röper: Geschichte der D-Mark ► Frank Stocker: Die Deutsche Mark

Auch am 16. November 1923 verhinderte weiterhin ein Buchdruckerstreik das Erscheinen quasi sämtlicher großer Berliner Tageszeitungen, weshalb wir ein vorerst letztes Mal an den Stadtrand ausweichen und unseren Blick nochmal, wie schon vor ein paar Tagen, in die in Friedrichshagen am Müggelsee erscheinende und mit 30 Milliarden Mark Verkaufspreis noch vergleichsweise günstige Niederbarnimer Zeitung werfen. Dort finden wir, apropos, einen Bericht zur endlich begonnenen Ausgabe der sogenannten Rentenmark, die als grundschuldgestützte Übergangswährung die wertlos gewordene Papiermark ersetzen und die Inflation bremsen sollte. Die Skepsis, die der Autor dem Konzept gegenüber zum Ausdruck bringt, sollte sich historisch interessanterweise nicht bestätigen. Nicht nur erfüllte die Rentenmark dahingehend ihren Zweck, dass sie tatsächlich die Währung und damit auch die Volkswirtschaft stabilisierte. Neben der 1924 eingeführten Reichsmark war ihr auch ein langes Leben als offizielle Zweitwährung beschieden, die sie die Weimarer Republik und sogar das Dritte Reich überdauern ließ, bis sie erst 1948 durch die Währungsreform Geschichte wurde. Paula Rosa Leu blickt auf deren Anfänge.

Buchbesprechung: "Die Inflation von 1923: Wie es zur größten deutschen Geldkatastrophe kam" Von Frank Stocker, 368 Seiten, 27,00 Euro, FinanzBuch Verlag 2022

Für viele ist die D-Mark bis heute mit dem Wirtschaftswunder der jungen Bundesrepublik verbunden. Doch mit ihr wurde auch der Weg zur deutschen Teilung geebnet. Im Juni 1948 fand in den westdeutschen Besatzungszonen die Währungsreform statt.Bertsch, Matthiaswww.deutschlandfunk.de, KalenderblattDirekter Link zur Audiodatei

Jaap en PG wensen de luisteraars van Betrouwbare Bronnen alle goeds en veel inspiratie en geluk in het nieuwe jaar. Om hier meteen een kleine bijdrage aan te geven duikt de eerste aflevering van 2023 in dát verleden dat nu juist dit jaar van bijzondere betekenis zal zijn. Voor de vijfde maal sinds de start van Betrouwbare Bronnen kijken we naar momenten en mensen die in het nu aangebroken jaar herdacht en herinnerd zullen worden.2023 is het jaar waarin zowel twee van de grootste, meest charismatische en boeiendste veroveraars in de wereldgeschiedenis herdacht worden, als een van de ergste trauma's in de Europese historie en de échte start van wat wij nu 'Amerika' noemen. Jaap en PG behandelen de volgende mensen en momenten die nu al hun stempel op dit jaar zetten.***Op sommige podcast-apps kun je niet alles lezen. De complete tekst vind je altijd hier*** · 1948 – 75 jaar Koude OorlogIn 1948 werd duidelijk dat de heerser in het Kremlin bereid was tot gewelddadige ingrepen om zijn macht te vergroten. Met de coup in Praag tegen de Tsjechische democratie en de 'Blokkade van Berlijn' begon de Koude Oorlog tussen Oost en West. De zeer doordachte psychologische tegenzet vanuit Washington DC van dat moment is een beetje vergeten.· 1953 - 70 jaar Stalins dood en de opstand van 17 juniDe ‘vozhd' sterft midden in een furieuze zuivering en campagne tegen 'kosmopolieten'. Het politburo executeert zijn voorziene opvolger en probeert een collectief bewind. De mensen in de DDR vatten moed en hopen op minder repressie en armoede. Het omgekeerde is hun lot. Hun massale opstand wordt in bloed gesmoord.· 1523 - Baboer verovert india'Tijger' was zijn bijnaam in het Perzisch. Deze afstammeling van Dzjengis Khan en Timoer Lenk had het bouwen van een imperium in zijn DNA zitten. Baboer grondvestte het reusachtige rijk van de Mogol vorsten, Juist nu in deze nieuwe 'eeuw van India' een grote inspiratiebron. Daarbij was hij zó literair begaafd, dat zijn liederen en ballades ook nu nog gezongen worden!· 1923 - 100 jaar 'De Grote Inflatie'164 miljard Reichsmark waren in november nog maar 16,4 pfennig waard. Heel de economie en het financiële stelsel van Duitsland stortte in. Burgers raakten al hun spaargeld kwijt en hun inkomen was niets meer waard. Frankrijk en België grepen met militaire machtsmiddelen in om herstelbetalingen uit te persen. Het is nog steeds een Duits trauma. De Weimar-republiek leek reddeloos verloren. Tot de Mario Draghi van zijn tijd opdook, Charles Dawes.· 1963-1973 - 60 jaar omwenteling in Den HaagDe Tweede-Kamerverkiezingen van 1963 vertoonden een gebruikelijk, klassiek beeld. Nederland leek tevreden en optimistisch. Maar wie beter keek, zag de eerste haarscheurtjes. In de tien jaar die volgden brak een politieke revolutie uit: versplintering, nieuwe partijen, polarisatie. En toen, vijftig jaar geleden, trad Joop den Uyl aan als premier.· 1773 - 250 jaar USANiet de ‘Declaration of Independence' begon de rebellie van de Britse kolonisten tegen het bewind vanuit Londen. Dat deed een groepje ludieke actievoerders in de haven van Boston, eind 1773. Hun Tea Party ging om zeer principiële vragen van democratie en soevereiniteit.· 323 voor Christus - Alexander de Grote sterftNa een feestelijk drinkgelag in Babylon stierf de jonge veroveraar en visionair heerser. Zijn erfenis is geopolitiek, cultureel en historisch over grote delen van de wereld verspreid. Zijn graf lijkt verdwenen, of ligt hij inmiddels opgebaard op een wel heel uitzonderlijke en onverwachte plek?***Deze aflevering is mede mogelijk gemaakt met donaties van luisteraars die we hiervoor hartelijk danken. Word ook vriend van de show! In deze aflevering worden prijswinnaars bekend gemaakt: acht vrienden die het door hun gewenste boek kado krijgen!Heeft u belangstelling om in onze podcast te adverteren of ons te sponsoren? Dat zou helemaal mooi zijn! Stuur voor informatie een mailtje naar adverteren@dagennacht.nl***Verder luisteren316 - Geheelonthouders en andere epische drinkers in de politiek315 - Vrouw, leven, vrijheid: oorzaken en achtergronden van het straatprotest in Iran. En: de rijke Perzische cultuur314 - Prins Heinrich XIII en het verlangen naar een autoritair Duisland298 - De Cubacrisis, dertien dagen die de wereld schokten. En: de angst voor nucleaire catastrofe nu262 - Waarom India - ook voor Nederland - steeds belangrijker wordt239 - 2022: het jaar van Oranje, Wannsee en de opkomst in Europa van jonge, nieuwe leiders157 - 2021: het jaar van bijzondere verkiezingen, een partijcoup en een opmerkelijke dame van adel113 - De Jaren '20 als wenkend perspectief75 - 2020: het jaar van grote kunstenaars, gruwelijke uitvindingen en bevrijding van tirannie18 - Pieter Omtzigt strijdt tegen corruptie in de Raad van Europa ** PG blikt vooruit op herdenkingsjaar 201913 - Minister Sigrid Kaag over hulp, handel en haar toekomst in D66 * PG Kroeger over liberalen, volkscultuur en Stalin***Tijdlijn00:00:00 – Deel 100:49:25 – Deel 201:35:50 – EindeZie het privacybeleid op https://art19.com/privacy en de privacyverklaring van Californië op https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

I read from deuteranope to devaluation.     Deuterium is heavy hydrogen: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterium     Deuteronomy means "second law"! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy     Deuterostomes are named that because their anus is their second mouth. Really! Well, not really.  It just means that the anus forms before the mouth, but it does mean "second mouth"! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterostome     Before the Deutsche Mark, Germany used the Reichsmark, among other forms of currency. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Mark East Germany used the East German Mark until the wall toppled over.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_German_mark     The word of the episode is "deuteranopia". https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deuteranopia     Theme music from Jonah Kraut https://jonahkraut.bandcamp.com/     Merchandising! https://www.teepublic.com/user/spejampar     "The Dictionary - Letter A" on YouTube   "The Dictionary - Letter B" on YouTube   "The Dictionary - Letter C" on YouTube   "The Dictionary - Letter D" on YouTube     Featured in a Top 10 Dictionary Podcasts list! https://blog.feedspot.com/dictionary_podcasts/     Backwards Talking on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLmIujMwEDbgZUexyR90jaTEEVmAYcCzuq     dictionarypod@gmail.com https://www.facebook.com/thedictionarypod/ https://twitter.com/dictionarypod https://www.instagram.com/dictionarypod/ https://www.patreon.com/spejampar https://www.tiktok.com/@spejampar 917-727-5757

Ein Buch, welches 500 Millionen wert ist und Würstchen, die unbezahlbar sind. Das ist die neue Folge von Friends With Benefits Podcast.

Wahre Liebe für 990 Reichsmark =^_^=

Gerade erleben wir eine steigende Inflation in Deutschland und anderen Bereichen der Welt – manche sprechen von einer Blase, von Geldentwertung und Gelddruck ohne Plan. Ein guter Augenblick, um aus der Vergangenheit zu lernen. ➡️ Zum Angebot von WeltSparen (inkl. Bonus bis zu 75 €): https://www.weltsparen.de/finanzfluss/ * Deshalb blicken wir zurück auf eine Zeit, in der die Inflation extreme Ausmaße angenommen hat: die sogenannte Hyperinflation, die sich von 1914 bis 1923 aufgebaut hat. Ein Kilo Brot kostete sage und schreibe 233 Milliarden Mark. Wie es dazu kommen konnte, erklären Thomas und Ana in dieser Podcastfolge.

De week van Elon, De week van de crash en de week van de bitcoin Counsel. Is het een logisch pad dat miners gaan bewandelen of een doodlopende weg? Dat en meer in deze nieuwe aflevering van De Bitcoin Show... Elon and the Council of Miners https://tftc.io/martys-bent/issue-998/ https://www.btctimes.com/news/elon-musk-bitcoin-mining-council China’s latest crackdown on Bitcoin https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-latest-crackdown-on-bitcoin-other-cryptocurrencies-shakes-market-11621853002 Huobi scales back due to China crackdown https://www.coindesk.com/huobi-scales-back-offerings-in-places-due-to-china-crackdown-market-falls China’s latest Bitcoin “ban” is impacting mining, exchange landscape https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/latest-china-ban-impacting-bitcoin Dutch Central Bank forced to backpedal on Bitcoin address verification procedures after court ruling https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/dutch-central-bank-loses-battle-over-bitcoin DNB formally acknowledges complaints Bitonic and revokes wallet-verification requirement https://bitonic.nl/news/231/dnb-formally-acknowledges-complaints-bitonic-and-revokes-wallet-verification-requirement BlockFi botches promo https://www.coindesk.com/blockfi-botches-promo-outsized-bitcoin-reward-payments Rinus van Kalmthout Indy500 car https://twitter.com/rinusveekay/status/1392484297668444163?s=19 Weimar chart of Gold vs Reichsmark https://twitter.com/BTCization/status/1396518689177063429?s=20 We zijn er bijna! https://taproot.watch Leestips: - De Nederlandse vertaling van De Bitcoin Standaard (Boris) - Het Kleine Bitcoin boekje van o.a. Jimmy Song. Bestel met 10% korting op https://konsensus.network/?ref=45 ... met kortingscode: GKBORIS Mastering Bitcoin (Jan) https://pdfstop.com/mastering-bitcoin...... Grokking Bitcoin 35% korting met code: poddebit21 Op https://www.manning.com/ De Bitcoin Show wordt mede mogelijk gemaakt door https://www.bitonic.nl Chat mee op https://t.me/debitcoinshow Volg ons op https://www.twitter.com/debitcoinshow...... Bitcoin Gear vind je op: www.bitcoinclothing.eu met kortingscode "DeBitcoinShow" #Bitcoin #BTC #Finance

Op 29 januari 1943 vertrok de Duitse Frieda Rössner om hout te verzamelen in het bos achter het ziekenhuis. Twee dagen later werd ze daar dood aangetroffen. Ze was sexueel misbruikt en gewurgd met haar eigen sjaal, waarna de dader ook haar portemonnee heeft gestolen, met daarin maar 1 Reichsmark.  De rechercheurs werden ter plaatse geroepen, maar wat ze toen nog niet wisten, was dat ze misschien wel de meest beruchte seriemoordenaar van Duitsland zouden pakken - die uiteindelijk 84 moorden zou bekennen. Deze week bespreek ik de zaak van de Duitse seriemoordenaar Bruno Lüdke. Hij werd tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog opgepakt en veroordeeld, maar jaren na zijn executie begonnen mensen te twijfelen. Was de "simple-minded" Bruno echt de dader? Luister jij mee? Instagram: https://bit.ly/3pyCytS (@alsdedood_podcast)

Als du 14 bist, beginnt der 1. Weltkrieg. Mit 18 endet dieser, aber eine der schlimmsten Pandemien der Geschichte tötet Millionen von Menschen.Mit 28 beginnt die Weltwirtschaftskrise - du bekommst keinen Job mehr. Brot kostet Milliarden an Reichsmark.Mit 33 kommt Adolf Hitler an die Macht und dein Land verändert sich dramatisch.Mit 39 beginnt der 2. Weltkrieg und er wird mehr als 60 Millionen Menschenleben kosten.Und du jammerst, weil die Batterien deiner Fernbedienung alle sind.Vereinbare jetzt ein erstes & kostenloses Gespräch mit uns, damit wir gemeinsam über die Erreichung deiner Ziele, deine Marke und die dahinter liegende Strategien und Plänen sprechen.https://calendly.com/whytespace/markehttps://whytespace.deSchreib uns an:podcast@whytespace.de

Filmregisseur von Sternberg glaubt seine Hauptdarstellerin gefunden zu haben: Marlene Dietrich. Doch er stößt auf Widerstand. Die UFA - Bosse legen ihr Veto ein und auch dem Star des Films, Emil Jannings, gefällt die Idee überhaupt nicht. Mit einer Gage von 250.000 Reichsmark verdient er zehn Mal so viel wie seine Kollegin. Mit dem frühen Tod von Gustav Stresemann verliert die Weimarer Republik ihren Außenminister und den wichtigsten Gegenspieler der Republikfeinde. Hugenbergs Zeitungen schießen schärfer gegen den Young-Plan als je und verbreiten Verschwörungstheorien. Ein Attentat erschüttert das Land: Neben dem Reichstag explodiert eine Bombe. Sie ist nicht die einzige.

Es ist immer noch warm, aber wir haben uns damit abgefunden. Thematisch reden wir über die Deutsche Bahn, Tatort und Berghain. Um das ganze abzurunden triggert das Ranking Toms schlimmste Joberfahrung. Einmal alles mit scharf und Trauma zum mitnehmen bitte.

Wahre Liebe für 990 Reichsmark

Welcome to Finance and Fury, The Furious Friday Edition. Today – continue talking about wars – the banker's wars – this time on us and financial markets– Gone through how bankers fund wars, central banks carry out monetary policy that leads to Hot wars Start a miniseries - How To Crush A Bankers' Dictatorship – likely be three eps over next Fridays – lots to unpack - Look at central banks – London, German and US connection - A Lesson From 1918, 1929, 1933 – look at how to break the trend -   To start this – the question of why often comes up – why would bankers influence politics, crash economies, control the economy and start wars  Well, hear why from the horse’s mouth – Lord Montagu Norman, Governor of The Bank Of England, addressing the United States Bankers’ Association, NYC 1924- Quote: “Capital must protect itself in every possible way, both by combination and legislation. Debts must be collected, mortgages foreclosed as rapidly as possible. When, through the process of law, the common people lose their homes, they will become more docile and more easily governed through the strong arm of the government applied by a central power of wealth under leading financiers. These truths are well known among our principal men, who are now engaged in forming an imperialism to govern the world. By dividing the voter through the political party system, we can get them to expend their energies in fighting for questions of no importance.” Lord Montagu Norman was Governor of the Bank of England from 1916 to 1944. During this period, he participated in the central bank conferences which set up the Crash of 1929 and a worldwide depression. The quotation by Norman is a shorter version of the Bankers’ Manifesto of 1892: This adds a bit of additional context – Read another passage – “People without homes will not quarrel with their leaders. History repeats itself in regular cycles. This truth is well known among our principal men who are engaged in forming an imperialism of the world. While they are doing this, the people must be kept in a state of political antagonism. The question of tariff reform must be urged through the organization known as the Democratic Party, and the question of protection with the reciprocity must be forced to view through the Republican Party. By thus dividing voters, we can get them to expend their energies in fighting over questions of no importance to us, except as teachers to the common herd. Thus, by discrete action, we can secure all that has been so generously planned and successfully accomplished.” Why they do this – to retain control and to distract Only a few of them – lots of us – in reality – their positions are very fragile – while they have a lot of control – they have seen in the past what a pissed off population can do to them If you spend all your time fighting between left v right, men v woman, black v white – too busy distracted on newly created constructs Example – Germany population rising post WW1 – and how they were desperate to find a Fuhrer   First - What created the second world war? – conditions left after the first – all done at the treaty of Versailles Versailles and the Destruction of Germany - Britain had been the leading hand behind the orchestration of WWI and the destruction Germany – Germans knew it Kaiser Wilhelm realised this too late when he said: “the world will be engulfed in the most terrible of wars, the ultimate aim of which is the ruin of Germany. England, France, and Russia have conspired for our annihilation… that is the naked truth of the situation which was slowly but surely created by Edward VII” Who was his uncle – Nicholas II of Russia and George V who took over in 1910 were all first cousins Britain also organized the reparations conference in France - imposed impossible debt repayments upon Germany and created the League of Nations Lloyd George (politician) led the British delegation alongside his assistant Lord Lothian (secretary to the PM), Leo Amery, Lord Robert Cecil, and Lord John Maynard Keynes - all of these figures were members of the Round Table Movement that took full control of Britain by ousting PM Asquith in 1916 After the 1918 Armistice – Treaty of Versailles saw to the dismantling of Germany’s army and navy Forced to pay the impossible sum of 132 billion gold marks, give up territories representing 15% of arable land, 10% of its population, 12% of its livestock, 74% of its iron ore, 63% of its zinc production, and 26% of its coal. Germany also had to give up 8000 locomotives, 225 000 railcars and all of its colonies across Africa, South America, etc. People often forget that those 10% of Germans were ruled by Polish, French and other nations – who were not kind to them – attacked and killed regularly Germany gave up half of its gold supply and still barely a dent was made in the debt payments In June 1920 – Bankers made the decision to use the printing press. Rather than the “miracle cure” which monetarists promised = resulted in an asymptotic devaluation of the currency into hyperinflation June 1922, 300 marks exchanged $1 US and in November 1923, it took 42 trillion marks to get $1 US 1Kg of Bread sold for $428 billion marks in 1923 Further Results - industrial output fell by 50%, unemployment rose to over 30% - food intake reduced by over half of pre-war levels – Then to make it worse - a form of shorting the currency occurred by the bankers – making the situation worse = hyperinflationary blowout of Germany resulted in total un-governability of the state – Remember – Central Banking authorities did this – not the German people – who had no say Population under control of the Weimar republic at this time – imposed from 1918 - which was very ineffective – ended in 1933 with the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei - Nazi Party The original solution was from the Wall Streets “Dawes Plan” – installed the London-trained banker by the name of Hjalmar Schacht. First introduced as Currency Commissioner in November 1923 and soon President of the Reichsbank Schacht’s first act was to visit Bank of England’s governor Montagu Norman in London Schacht was provided a blueprint for proceeding with Germany’s restructuring – Policy given from BoE Governor. Policy-create new currency called the “rentenmark” at a fixed value exchanging 1 trillion reichsmarks for 1 new rentenmark The Reichsmark was the currency in Germany from 1924 until 20 June 1948 But hidden in the fine print allowed the germans to be robbed again - new currency would operate under “new rules” requiring austerity measures – i.e. Mass privatizations from Anglo-American companies purchasing state enterprises Industrial interests - IG Farben, Thyssen Mining and resources - Standard Oil Finances - Union Banking, Brown Brothers Harriman, JP Morgan Under the supervision of John Foster Dulles, Montagu Norman, Averill Harriman Ask yourself – what would you do if you were in that position? Almost starving to death again after almost dying by a bullet or losing your home, being left on the street, or sharing 1 room (studio) between 6 people, or worse, starving to death? All due to the games of some monarchs and central bankers? In Germany - civil unrest began to boil over - the London-Wall Street bankers couldn’t control     England wasn’t in great shape either Well before American entered WW1 - enormous amounts of money lent from American banks to England to purchase weapons - from American manufacturers – racked up a big debt – once the war was over - debts needed to be repaid But English economy was in ruins – bombed, broke, killed or mentally scared millions of men – no longer working – Also - borrowed money used to buy weapons – not increase economic output domestically Essentially no way for England to repay its enormous war-debts – again, bankers are smart so made them owe the debts in USD Bankers knew that England had greatly increased its money supply as well without increasing its productive capacity – England also printed funds to buy weapons – Result = pound plummeted in value - Start of 1920 - pound dropped to a low of $3.18. - pre-war $4.87 At this time - Benjamin Strong - Governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for 14 years until his death What we have here is that Montagu Norman (BoE), Hjalmar Schacht (who went on to run the BIS) and Strong all good friends Strong and his counterpart at the Bank of England -Montagu Norman –conspired to return the pound to its pre-war parity with the dollar. The Politics of Money by Brian Johnson - Quote “Strong and Norman, intimate friends, spent their holidays together at Bar Harbour and in the South of France.” How – Bank of England and FED leaders came up with a plan - Impossible to make pound stronger – easier to make the dollar weaker – reasoned that if the dollar was made weaker, the pound would become stronger as a result – teamed up Proof - May 1924 - Strong said he was pursuing a “readjustment” to benefit England - “readjustment” was to pursue a policy of inflation in the US - keeping Britain from having to raise interest rates Strong in his own words – “the burden of this readjustment must fall more largely upon us than upon them (Great Britain). It will be difficult politically and socially for the British Government and the Bank of England to face a price liquidation in England… in face of the fact that their trade is poor and they have over a million unemployed people receiving government aid.”  Confirmed in October of 1924 - Norman asked Strong to continue with this policy of low interest rates, or ‘easy money.’ Strong/FED implemented easy money policies from 1925-28 – based on agreement with Norman to keep US interest rates below those of London However, even all this was not enough to keep England solvent. As a result of her massive war debts – denominated as they were in dollars, not pounds – England’s position was hopeless. This hopeless position was further exacerbated by a national strike in May 1926. The strike began in Britain’s most important industry – coal – There were socialist/Communist/Fascist uprisings in England at this time Anyway - Strong withheld increasing interest rates for the US was too late – today we call this easy money policy Encouraged the surging American boom of the late 1920s – massively increased speculation This is How the 1929 Crash was Manufactured – low cost of money creating speculation, increased leverage, and financial deregulation 1923 - President Coolidge and financier Andrew Mellon (Treasury Secretary) de-regulated the banks Introduced a Broker loans scheme (Margin loans) - speculators allowed to borrow 90% on their shares investments into the real economy were halted during the 1920s speculation was the norm 1925 broker loans totalled $1.5 billion, 1926 = $2.6 billion, 1926 = $5.7 billion - stock market was overvalued fourfold When the bubble was sufficiently inflated, a moment was decided upon to coordinate a mass “calling in” of the broker loans- no one could pay them resulting in a collapse of the markets Then banks like JP Morgan had already sold out before the crash - then bought up the physical assets for cents on the dollar Prescott Bush of Brown Brothers Harriman (bank involved with German takeover) made his fortune in this manner He then went onto bailout a bankrupt Nazi party in 1932 Market crash unleashed four years of hell in America, EU, Australia- leading to the great depression   Recently - The media has started reporting of “financial Armageddon” potentials – I have as well – but their solution is more of what has created this environment - global hegemonic synthetic currency – the SDR – which will replace the collapsing US dollar under a new system of “green finance’’ Reporting of the media can create fear – I apologise if I have contributed to this – I want to help people not get caught by surprise – and to provide actual reasoning and some individual solutions – Media reporting is designed for a Trauma-based society control – create an event that causes trauma – people cant rationally think through the solutions shoved in their face – we all need to believe in something - But it shouldn’t be ignored that financial markets are sitting on the largest financial bubble in human history Very reminiscent of the 1929 bubble that was triggered on black Friday in the USA which unleashed a great depression Currently, Western economies are not in too a dissimilar position as post WW1 – in the 1927 or 1928 period Most Governments have unpayable levels of debt – similar to the Versailles debts on Germany 10 years of easy money policies (low rates) unleashed unbounded speculation - similar to the “roaring 1920s” Populations suffering levels of depressions, PTSD and disenfranchisement – vastly different reasons – some from watching their friends decompose in no-man’s land for months, some from overuse of social media or climate change fears Also - the solutions proposed o solve the situation is put forward by the same groups who created the issues - identical to what the world faced in 1933 as “central bankers” became the solution for the world depression. Start to look at next next episode – Look at the great depression – and the Bankers plan to overthrow FDR and put in their own leader   Thanks for listening! If you want to get in contact you can do so here: http://financeandfury.com.au/contact/   

ANDY LEVY returns for 2018's A SHOE ADDICT'S CHRISTMAS and: Letting go of Frasier ... Bad movie choice ... Donnie, Andy Richter, Otho ... The Candace Cameron effect ... Not a real shoe addict ... Jean Smart co-stars as Jeb's mother-in-law ... BREAK ... The Expositional Challenge ... WWII-era American ethnic slurs ... Plot cleanup: Jake and Noelle's stymied fun party ... Photographer, HR Director ... Hallmark's job/hobby false dichotomy ... Save me from complete prosperity ... Murder your balls/sweetie, show feetie ... Jean Smart, peak literal angel ... BREAK ... Spot the Angel: Sneaky multiple angels, angel relief, angel hierarchy ... Classic Lines: Rude-ass shoes; the worst shoe-toilet in Scotland; $690 for white-tiger-ass shoes; Candace Cameron looks terrific; "keep it fun"; about $900/outfit; CandyCams-brand apron product placement ... Do We Have A Section On Theology?: Inconsistent angelic rules; if you ask an angel if he's an angel, he has to say yeah; The Archangel Dark Web ... Unintentional horror movie ... Darren Aronofsky's "Shoe Addict's Christmas!" ... Charlie/Charlene ... BREAK ... Eat Your Heart Out: Breakfast breads; mustard on the meat; the world's saddest sandwich; meat dilation; a successful chain of hot dog stands; Humphrey Yogurt ... The Hallmark Expanded Universe: Wallace Shawn and Jean Smart, workplace buds vs. Candace Cameron as her own aunt via time comet ... Letters to Santa: The prop coin of Wallace Shawn from Episode #04 ... Overdetermined: "Every pair of shoes tells a story" vs. "You have to make decisions, but here's your determined fate" vs. "Pretty people are owed happiness" and "Take a risk by being a dick" ... Kidnap a guy ... Crossover: Mulholland Drive vs. Kickboxing Night at the Museum ... BREAK ... The Hallmark Bechdel Test: No; but maybe talking to her dad; but DON'T BUY divine intervention ... The Leftovers: Firefighter weather control ... Vanishing taxis ... Heilmark or Reichsmark ... Luke Macfarlane's Tom Brady vibe ... Apartment dad jokes ... Two layers on in a two-horse open sleigh ... Most Inspiring Photo contest ... Lorem Ipsum songs ... Batman Returns ... Matt & Chloe app ... Spot the Second Black Person ... Ex-boyfriend Dan Bongino ... Rating: 2 ... Merry Christmas ... • MUSIC: "Fuck You If You Don't Like Christmas," from Crudbump, by Drew Fairweather • "Good Ol' Shoe" by Edgar Winter • "Boogie Shoes," by KC and the Sunshine Band • All other music by Chris Collingwood of Look Park and Fountains of Wayne, except: "Orchestral Sports Theme" by Chris Collingwood and Rick Murnane

Am 19.6.1948, zwei Tage vor der Umstellung von der Reichsmark auf die D-Mark, erklärt der Sprecher der Militärregierung den Bewohnern der Trizone, was auf sie zukommt.

S03E02: Death and Taxes Featuring Hosts: Matt Carano, Tom Hudson, and Nick Boyle Engineered by: Matt Carano Produced by: Tom Hudson, Matt Carano, and Nick Boyle   Featuring Hosts: Matt Carano, Tom Hudson, and Nick Boyle   Engineered by: Matt Carano   Produced by: Tom Hudson, Matt Carano, and Nick Boyle  News Bearcat http://www.unionleader.com/safety/After-breaking-down-numerous-times-Nashua-to-purchase-new-Bearcat-for-301k-04062018 Sales Tax In Us http://www.unionleader.com/article/20180408/OPINION01/180409412/0/FRONTPAGE http://www.unionleader.com/Internet-sales-tax-in-U.S.-faces-a-Judgment-Day Death Penalty http://www.wmur.com/article/nh-house-committee-takes-up-death-penalty-repeal-bill/19681064 Medicaid http://nhpr.org/post/medicaid-expansion-clears-first-big-hurdle-nh-house#stream/0 Backpage.com seized by feds http://nh1.com/news/national-video/indictment-accuses-backpage-founders-of-aiding-prostitution-2 http://econlog.econlib.org/archives/2018/01/craigslist_redu.html Manchester homeless camps in the crosshairs http://www.unionleader.com/social-issues/manchester-camps-in-the-crosshairs-1-homeless-enclave-bulldozed-2-others-eyed-20180408 Events Freecoast Liberty Outreach Meetup 12th Exeter, 19th Hampton Matt's Crypto Talk Special Segment - Autocrat Of The Week Matt - Steve Marchand https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Marchand NH History Bretton Woods Conference 730 delegates from all 44 allied countries July 1st-22nd 1944 Hosted at the Mount Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods NH Main Objective: Establish a new international monetary order Lessons Learned from the past At the end of WWI the allies imposed large reparation payments. These payments were supposed to cover the debt accumulated by Allied forces during the war and help them pay to rebuild their countries.Result: Germany printed money to make the reparation payments causing hyperinflation. (e.g. 1 loaf of bread in 1918 ¼ of a Reichsmark, 1 loaf of bread in November 1923 80 billion Reichsmarks Most countries response to the Great Depression was trade restrictions(tariffs, quotas, etc) to improve account deficits and stop reserve loss. Retaliation against trade restrictions only pushed the level of restrictions to international trade higher and further suppressed output and employment in many countries. New realizations Even though the conference participants were dedicated to capitalism, John Maynard Keynes' economic ideas were flourishing(unfortunately). Keynes prescribed during recessions an increase in government spending, to prevent aggregate spending from falling. Reflecting the Keynesian ideas, the welfare state emerged out of the Great Depression. The two major personalities there were Keynes, representing Britain; and Harry Dexter White, representing the U.S. The British plan Keynes proposed an International Clearing Union (ICU) as a way to addressing current account imbalances. He wanted to avoid the reappearance of persistent and large current account deficits that happened during the interwar years (1918–1939), which increased countries' debt and debt payments and decreased growth at the global scale. Keynes thought of the International Clearing Union as a bank with its own currency (called Bancor), exchangeable with other currencies at a fixed rate. He proposed using Bancor to measure countries' trade deficits or surpluses. Countries with current account deficits would have an overdraft facility in their Bancor account with the ICU. He worked out specific numbers regarding the size of the overdraft facility. His proposal implied a maximum overdraft of half of the country's average trade size over five years. If a country needed funds higher than the overdraft, it would be charged interest, thus motivating the country to devalue its currency. Keynes's plan implied an interest charge of 10 percent if a country's current account surplus was more than half the size of its permitted overdraft; this solution would motivate these countries to lend more. At the end of the year, if the country had a current account surplus that was half the overdraft, the ICU would confiscate the surplus. The American Plan The U.S. agreed on the necessity of an agency to manage current account imbalances, but Keynes's idea of the ICU was too interventionist for the American side. Additionally, the U.S. saw itself as a surplus country in terms of its current account in the years to come and didn't want such interventionist ideas to be practiced on the U.S. White proposed the International Stabilization Fund (which later became the International Monetary Fund, or the IMF), which placed the burden of balancing current accounts on deficit countries and imposed no limits on surplus countries. White's Plan included a new multilateral development agency that would plan and finance economic reconstruction in all war-torn countries, allied or aggressor. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, part of today's World Bank) emerged from the American ideas about reconstruction. Result Created the International Monetary Fund & World Bank IMF monitors exchange rates and lend reserve currencies to nations. World Bank provided financial assistance to reconstruction for countries post-WWII IMF pegged all currencies to the US dollar. The US dollar was pegged to gold. This ended in 1971 when Nixon got off the gold standard. Now all currencies “float” http://www.dummies.com/education/finance/international-finance/the-impact-of-the-bretton-woods-conference-in-1944/

Fri, 13 Jan 2012 12:00:00 +0100 http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11821/ http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11821/1/Cim._85.pdf Unbekannter Autor Cim. 85 (= 8 Asc. 5548) Heures à l’usage de Paris Entstehungsort: Paris Entstehungszeit: 1513 Provenienz: Der Pergamentdruck mit 19 blattgroßen kolorierten Holzschnitten aus der neutestamentlichen Geschichte und 16 kleinen kolorierten Holzschnitten mit Darstellungen aus der Heiligenlegende stammt aus dem Vorbesitz des elsässischen Theologen Augustin Calmet (1672-1757). Die UB München erwarb den prächtigen Druck auf einer Auktion des Antiquariats Hiersemann 1941 für 4.500 Reichsmark.

"Unsere Groschen schaffen die Munition im Kampf gegen Hunger und Kälte" - so schrieb eine Zeitung, nachdem Hitler am 13. September 1933 das Winterhilfswerk propagiert hatte. Bald raunte man aber, dass mit den hunderten Millionen von Reichsmark auch Munition für die Aufrüstung bezahlt wurde.

Anhören (10,5 MB, 10:52 Minuten) 1926 wurde an der Ecke Friedrichstraße, Lautenschlagerstraße, Bolzstraße eine unterirdische Bedürfnisanstalt gebaut. Auf dem baumlosen Straßenniveau sah man davon nur einen achteckigen kleinen Pavillion mit acht Specksteinsäulen und einem flachen Blechdach. Das Städtische Bauamt war seinerzeit stolz darauf das veranschlagte Budget um 2.200 Reichsmark unterboten zu haben. Es gab nämlich die …Weiterlesen

We explore the efficiency of the forward Reichsmark market in Vienna between 1876 and 1914. We estimate ARIMA models of the spot exchange rate in order to forecast the one-month-ahead spot rate. In turn we compare these forecasts to the contemporaneous forward rate, i.e., the market's forecast of the future spot rate. We find that shortly after the introduction of a "shadow" gold standard in the mid-1890s the forward rate became a considerably better predictor of the future spot rate than during the prior flexible exchange rate regime. Between 1907 and 1914 forecast errors were between a half and one-fourth of their pre-1896 level. This implies that the Austro-Hungarian Bank's policy of defending the gold value of the currency was successful in improving the efficiency of the foreign exchange market.

We explore the efficiency of the forward reichsmark market in Vienna between 1876 and 1914. We estimate ARIMA models of the spot exchange rate in order to forecast the one-month-ahead spot rate. In turn we compare these forecasts to the contemporaneous forward rate, i.e., the market's forecast of the future spot rate. We find that shortly after the introduction of a "shadow" gold standard in the mid-1890s the forward rate became a considerably better predictor of the future spot rate than during the prior flexible exchange rate regime. Between 1907 and 1914 forecast errors were between a half and one-fourth of their pre-1896 level. This implies that the Austro-Hungarian Bank's policy of defending the gold value of the currency was successful in improving the efficiency of the foreign exchange market.