Podcasts about John Foster Dulles

In this episode of the UpWords Podcast, Dan Hummel interviews John Wilsey, a professor and author, about his book, Religious Freedom: A Conservative Primer. They explore the broader themes of conservatism, emphasizing its historical roots, the importance of tradition, and the concept of aspirational conservatism. The conversation delves into key figures in conservative thought, the role of the conservative imagination, and the significance of religious freedom in contemporary society.John D. Wilsey is professor of church history and chair of the Department of Church History and Historical Theology at The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, Kentucky. He is also a research fellow with the Center for Religion, Culture, and Democracy. His publications include American Exceptionalism and Civil Religion: Reassessing the History of an Idea, God's Cold Warrior: The Life and Faith of John Foster Dulles, and Religious Freedom: A Conservative Primer.Chapters00:00 Exploring Conservatism Beyond Politics05:07 The Role of Tradition in Conservatism11:18 Aspirational Conservatism Explained19:24 Key Figures in Conservative Thought39:27 The Conservative Imagination and Inner Life46:26 Religious Freedom and Its Importance TakeawaysConservatism is more than just politics; it's a worldview.Tradition plays a crucial role in understanding conservatism.Aspirational conservatism seeks to align with transcendent values.Key figures like Burke, Kirk, and Virick shape conservative thought.The conservative imagination informs our inner life and values.Religious freedom is essential for a flourishing society.Conservatives should advocate for the rights of all, including minorities.History is a vital aspect of the Christian faith and conservatism.Conservatives must manage change rather than resist it.The relationship between freedom and responsibility is fundamental.

  Author & Researcher Jim DiEugenio Jim is often on Black Op Radio to promote the JFK research published at Kennedys and King. John Washburn has written an impressive 3 part original series on the Tippit murder. Washburn used the testimony from Dallas Police officers to prove that the "official" Tippit story is false. Why did the Dallas Police Department need to create stories about Tippit's murder? The Warren Commission tried to hide internal dissent among the members about the "official" results. Not all WC members were aligned with what Allan Dulles & John J. McCLoy were saying. Richard Russell, Cooper & Boggs were the first people to publicaly break away from the Warren Commission. Paul Abbott has written a story about Leon Hubert & Burt Griffin with deep concerns about the Ruby investigation. The connections between Jack Ruby & Lee Oswald were not thoroughly investigated by the Commission. Johnny Cairns has written a long review on Larry Hancock & Boylan release "The Oswald Puzzle". Donald Trump & Zelensky battled it out in the White House last week. Watch Here. Len & Jim discuss the latest book by Scott Horton, "Provoked". Find Here. Reading "Provoked" inspired Jim to publish a 4 part series on his Substack. View here. Len listens to Mike Benz, Jeffrey Sachs, Col. Douglas MacGregor, Scott Horton, Joe Rogan etc... To understand what's happening now, you almost need to unlearn everything you've been told. Horton writes that the US organized coupes against Belarus & Georgia during the George Bush administration. These were not spontaneous uprisings, these were American sponsored events, pouring tens of millions into the area. The "Orange Revolution" in Ukraine was to get rid of the 4th Ukrainian President, Viktor Yanukovych. Mike Benz refers to these events as "Rent-A-Riot" as people are paid to portray themselves as protesters. USAID has financed a lot of these NGOs that have been causing chaos around the world. What is the point of taking NATO & starting the colour revolutions right on the border of Russia? With the fall of the U.S.S.R., were the Neocons preparing for a Cold War II? Kennedy created USAID to help struggling countries with democracy & to compete with Russia. What USAID turned into was a far cry from what Kennedy envisioned, turning into a money laundering mechanism. One of the big arguments that Kennedy had was with John Foster Dulles who threatened to cut off foreign aid. Elon Musk was recently on the Joe Rogan Experience. Watch here. In Canada, the government has removed American made liquor off the shelves. Canadians have no interest in joining a country 36 Trillion in debt. There were at least 11 former FBI agents policing Twitter before Elon took it over. Why did the FBI & Twitter owners strive so hard to cover up the Hunter Biden fiasco? #BidensLapTopMatters Jim answers letters from Black Op Radio listeners! Thank you to everyone who writes in! The Epstein files are controversial, upsetting people as they are very redacted. Will this happen to the JFK files? We can have huge conspiracies in Watergate, Iran Contra, etc. but not in the JFK assassination? The Oswald Puzzle: The Pieces That Won't Fit - Part 2 Fair Play for Burt Griffin and Leon Hubert of the Warren Commission? The Death of Tippit - Part 1 The Death of Tippit - Part 2 Jeffrey Sachs (@JeffreyASachs) / X Mike Benz (@MikeBenzCyber) / X Douglas Macgregor (@DougAMacgregor) / X Joe Rogan (@joerogan) / X  

LINK - https://youtu.be/2WiaOCEpR64 Invitado a ErnestoMiami el escritor cubano César Reynel Aguilera, autor del "Sóviet Caribeño", "Ruy", "Rumbas de sal: Textos escogidos, 2003-2023", entre otros. En este video hablamos de las Razones de Angola. Este video es un análisis profundo de la intervención militar cubana en Angola y cuestiona la narrativa oficial, argumentando que la decisión de Cuba fue impulsada principalmente por los intereses de la Unión Soviética. César Reynel cuestiona la manipulación de la información y las narrativas históricas que rodean la Guerra de Angola. Y pone bajo la lupa a Piero Gleijeses, historiador prominente, quién presenta un relato parcial, minimizando el papel de la Unión Soviética y resaltando la participación de Cuba como independiente y altruista. **** Gracias a César Reynel Aguilera por la participación en ErnestoMiami. Aquí algunos de los materiales mencionados en el video: - El sóviet caribeño: La otra historia de la Revolución Cubana - https://amzn.to/4gdNwji - Blog de César Reynel Aguilera - https://reynelaguilera.wordpress.com - Cañones o mantequilla (Sobre el memorando de John Foster Dulles) - https://reynelaguilera.wordpress.com/2024/11/29/canones-o-mantequilla - Video sobre “El Soviet Caribeño” - https://youtu.be/5SdcO3JUOnY OTROS LIBROS DE AGUILERA: - Ruy - https://amzn.to/3ZBs8gH - Monologo de un tirano con Maquiavelo - https://amzn.to/3OTfyEC - De la boca salen flores - https://amzn.to/3VA43WA - Rumbas de sal: Textos escogidos, 2003-2023 - https://amzn.to/41xSwKW RECUERDA QUE PUEDES AYUDAR AL CRECIMIENTO DEL CANAL: - Like - Suscríbete - Comparte - Ayúdanos con un SuperThanks (SuperGracias) **** Para más videos VISITA - www.ErnestoMiami.com

A heroine goes back in time to a sticky-fingered situation.By Mark V Sharp, in 2 parts. Listen to the ► Podcast at Steamy Stories. "In her, shoot fast," Principal Chief Massasoit directed, using what words he knew so that he would not surprise or confuse his strange hosts, "I want in her, my first use to take.""First use?!" Miss Americana managed to whimper, in horror, in between the moans and yelps Squanto's big thrusting cock was forcing out of her. But she didn't have long to contemplate that."That is no problem at all, my lord!" Squanto replied. Relaxing himself he thrust his enormous hardened cock deep into Miss Americana and, with a groan of ecstasy, unleashed his potent Pawtuxet seed upon her defenseless womb."Oh, Great Justice!" Americana groaned, her eyes rolling up in her head, as she felt the pulsing of his great cock inside her, and knew it meant that his sperm was flooding into her.He pulled out and then stepped aside, his long cock dripping."I have lubricated her for you, my Sachem," he said, gesturing towards Americana's cunt, which, gaping slightly wider than before, was also already releasing a long tendril of his semen to dangle down between her thighs."Very good!" Massasoit said. He stepped forward and took up his own position behind her. Reaching out he stroked her toned bubble-ass, and shook his head. "This," he said, squeezing Americana's bulging silky cheeks, "is a very rich gift, indeed!"With that he pushed himself up against her leaking cunt, and also entered her."Oh, my God," Miss Americana whimpered, as she too discovered Squanto was not to be a unique case. Her entire body shivered, as the great chief's enormous copper-colored cock sank deep up inside her helplessly quivering cunt."That's a sin!" one of the Pilgrims sitting near her chided, and continued eagerly to watch.At the sight that their chief had accepted the gift and that peace had been restored, the waiting column of Wampanoag warriors let out a great whoop of glee. Then, hoisting their burdens, they marched into the Plymouth settlement. The Pilgrims greeted them warmly, food was handed out, the Pilgrims contributing their meager stocks of beer and bread to the natives' largesse. Soon the great feast was in progress, with Wampanoag and Pilgrim dining and chatting together, sampling the first dishes as the Pilgrim women and their daughters and servants worked to prepare the main courses.And through it all, bent over at one end of the great table at which the First Thanksgiving was being laid, Miss Americana continued to get nailed. Massasoit's great cock, in his eagerness, lasted only slightly longer than Squanto had. But there was plenty more where that had come from. He was followed by Samoset, the Sagamore of the Abanaki tribe, who kept closer tabs on the strange new colonists while the Sachem was busy with other matters. After Samoset, the Sachem's honor guard took their turns; and after they had finished, every warrior in the entire column came up one by one and also partook in Miss Americana's flesh.The Pilgrims, with their Godly morals, piously abstained, but this did not stop the Pilgrim men's faces from showing deep jealousy, that their native guests got to enjoy two great helpings of Thanks-giving bounty instead of just one.In between their own turns upon Miss Americana's body, Massasoit, Squanto, and Samoset took their own seats at the table of the Elders, and with it, a privileged view of the action up between Americana's muscular shivering thighs, as the pale-skinned beauty got nailed by one long uncut native cock after another after another. Between her spread thighs they could also see her enormous breasts hanging down low and swaying wildly over the table as she squealed and squirmed under her furious and unchecked invasions, as if her enormous milk-filled udders were blessing the heavily-laden table with their own generous bounty."Does this disturb you, Pilgrim?" one native who had also picked up some English asked. Sitting down after his own turn inside her he found an open seat before Americana's enormous swaying udders, smoking a post-coital pipe. "I thought your God does not approve of this sort of thing."The Pilgrim shook his head. "Nah," he said. "God makes everyone for a purpose. I think it's pretty clear what he made this one for."Then, leaning forward, the Pilgrim seized one of Americana's giant breasts and held his glass up under it. He squeezed, discharging a rich squirt of milk from the heroine's hanging fruits into his cup. He took the cup back, threw it back, and then licked some of the delicious white super-milk off his lips."Well, that and this!" he said, as he held the glass up.Seeing yet another way in which the mysterious woman could be used in a celebration of plenty, other Pilgrims soon came forward to also eagerly sample the fuck-quivering cow's produce. Americana, too busy squealing as she got nailed by one big native cock after another, could do nothing to resist as her big breasts were squeezed and squeezed until finally even those bottomless udders were drained dry.Eventually, the entire feast had been consumed and everyone was full and sated. Even Americana's belt-boosted strength eventually failed her, and after eighty or so consecutive fucks up against the table her knees finally buckled and she sank down, a quivering wreck. She had taken so much cum inside her that rivers seemed to flow down her thighs, and a huge puddle had formed, which her knees landed in with twin pearly splashes like comets entering an ocean of gooey white fluid.But though she was spent, she had not even begun to exhaust the collective vigor of the Wampanoag delegation. Flipping her over, the warriors positioned her on her back at the edge of the First Thanksgiving table, which, the feast having been largely consumed, was now otherwise covered in a great mass of empty used bowls, plates, and tableware. Then, having positioned her, they continued nailing her almost-limp body face-to-face upon the table, as, around them, the dessert course finally began to be served.The tight order of the early stages of the feast had by now broken down, and Elder and commoner, Indian and Pilgrim were now all mixing freely. Copious quantities of beer had also flowed along with the food, and everyone was now quite contentedly drunk, as while the Puritans were against many things, booze was not actually one of them."I say Reverend," the short Pilgrim commented to William Brewster, as they stood side by side near the entrance of a house and watched Americana's continuing show. "Everyone has eaten their full, except for the harem girl. It seems rather unsuited to a great Thanksgiving like this to leave one, even a harlot and serial adulteress such as she, unsated.""True," the Reverend said. "But the food has already been cleared. What is there for her to eat?""There is, one set of sausages that have not been touched," the tall Pilgrim said, finally dropping what they were angling for. "I know that putting them where the Indians are putting theirs is a sin, but what about her mouth. Does that, you know, count?""Hmm," the Reverend Brewster said. "Normally I would say yes. However, this is a special festive day, and she was clearly sent by Providence itself to perform exactly this, function, so perhaps, just once." As he saw the brightening expressions on the two Pilgrims' faces, he shook his head, and raised a chiding finger. "However, for the sake of the harmony of our settlement," he added, "it is not just God who must be consulted."As it happened, the Reverend's own wife was at that moment emerging from the house behind them, carrying two freshly-baked pies. The Reverend's sons, Truelove Brewster and Wrestling Brewster, trailed behind her, carrying another pie each."What say you, Mary?" the Reverend asked her, knowing full well her sharp ears would have overheard everything."Hmm," Mary Brewster said. She glanced at the other Pilgrim wives scattered about the festival, of which there were not many. Between the composition of the original complement of settlers and the terrible toll of deaths that had occurred over the previous winter, there were now a great deal more men than women in the colony. The few other wives looked at her, significantly, saying nothing but their expressions communicating much. Nodding with understanding, Mary turned back to her husband."I know that men build up a great deal of, pressure, if they are not given release," she said. "So, I would say it is fine if the unmarried or widowed men sate themselves while sating the whore. It might reduce, future problems. But the married men will be sated by their wives, or else!" She lifted up a finger and glared."Of course," Reverend Brewster said. He could not quite keep the disappointment out of his voice that he would not be among those allowed to partake.But before he could give general approval for the new plan, Mary caught one of the other wives widening her eyes to get her attention. The silent wife nodded a couple times, significantly, towards Americana's moaning lips, and then looked at Mary meaningfully. Mary nodded."There is one other condition," she added, hastily. "We good women of the colony have had to endure our husbands watching the whore get nailed, in silence. We have done so, for the future of our settlement. However, we must get compensated." She looked at her husband, her eyes boring into him. "So after the unmarried men have fed her their main course, we will feed her dessert, of the pies we have long had prepared between our legs, but rarely if ever had eaten. Is this clear?"The two junior Pilgrims' eyes widened, as if they had never imagined such a thing."Good heavens!" the tall one said, fingers going to his own lips."Is, is that permitted under Heaven's law, Reverend?" the short one asked."Uh," Reverend Brewster said. He wracked his memory of the Good Book, trying to think of a clear passage one way or the other. "To be honest," he said, "I'm not sure if the Good Lord considers that sex, or not,""Then there should be no problem, should there?" Mary asked testily."I guess not," he said, deciding to err on the side of marital harmony over strict doctrine for once. God's forgiveness, after all, was infinite. His wife's, on the other hand,Of course, before the natives 'peace offering' could be used in this manner, clearance first had to be gotten from Massasoit. But the Great Sachem, in a very relaxed state having thoroughly drained his own scrotum over the course of five separate sessions within Miss Americana, was in a magnanimous mood, and with a simple nod of his bronzed head and wave of his hand signaled his approval.So it was that as the pies got laid out, cut, and consumption began eagerly, one by one Pilgrim men began to ascend the table. As with the Indians, they went in strict order of rank, and, his own wife Rose being one of the casualties of the previous winter, this meant that Myles Standish was first in line."Open wide, and say your grace," he advised her, as having preemptively removed his pants, he came in for a landing on her moaning tongue.Miss Americana whimpered loudly as his cock entered her mouth. Pure instinct took over almost immediately. Wrapping her lips tight around his respectable but, compared to some of the monsters that had been in her cunt that day, modestly-sized cock, she began to suck it enthusiastically."Oh, yes!" Myles said. He lifted his eyes heavenward, as she slurped and slurped upon him. "T-truly, this wench was sent by the Lord!" he said, before erupting down her throat and giving her, her first load of cum to swallow.It would, of course, not be the last. As the lesser Pilgrims had pointed out, while everyone else had had their fill, at this First Thanksgiving Americana had had none. Now, they made up for that. One after another, unmarried Pilgrim men climbed up and, sometimes still eating pieces of pie as they did so, inserted their fresh sausages down between her lips. Americana moaned, and blushed, and sucked each one as vigorously and worshipfully as she could, as if they were truly her gifts from God. One warm protein shake after another poured down her throat, finally filling up her until-now-empty belly, and each and every one she gulped down with a vigor equal to the holiday. Then after each one finished she opened wide and, extending out her tongue, began putting preparatory licks upon the next incoming cock that inevitably replaced the last one in the never-ending cornucopia of cock she was being served.In the meantime, watching all this, and knowing that based on Mary Brewster's pronouncement they would not get their own full Thanksgiving repast any other way, one by one the married Pilgrim men snuck away from the party with their now equally enthused and eager wives, into the bushes or the backs of the more remote houses, to do what married couples do. Although, given the inspirations provided by Americana's marathon performance, they generally put a little more effort and creativity into it than they typically had. One by one, flush-faced and hand-in-hand they returned to the center of the festival, in a few cases with the seeds of another few thousand modern descendants quietly germinating under the Pilgrim women's' hastily re-lowered skirts.So it was that, when the Pilgrim men and the natives alike had finally sated themselves, well after the dessert course and into the after-meal drinking and general turkey-clobbered lethargy, Americana got her final surprise. With the coast finally clear, the Pilgrim wives climbed up one by one and got the 'compensation' that Mary Brewster had negotiated for them. As they lifted their skirts and lowered their unkempt bushes down towards the invading harlot's open gasping lips, Americana moaned to discover, one after another, that there was a pie of fresh cream waiting for her under each and every skirt, to accompany the gutted pumpkin and other pies lying spent all around her.But she didn't have much choice. Digging her tongue up between the wives' outer lips, she did her best to show them how it was done."Oh!" one Pilgrim woman after another sighed, heads rolling and shivering, as they discovered at the tip of the 'harem girl's' practiced tongue a pleasure their husbands had rarely, if ever, managed to provide them. Americana was not by nature a cunt-eater, but she had been put into that position often enough by triumphant villainesses to know her way around. She stroked the inner lips, teased the hood, and then finally went after the excited clit with vigor. And as she did so, streamers and tendrils of married Pilgrim cum poured out into her own mouth, which, like all the others before her, she periodically paused to gulp down hungrily before resuming her probing services.Finally, the last dish of all, the one between the legs of Mary Brewster herself, was served to her. As she stroked and stroked between Mary's labia, and felt the Reverend's hallowed semen wash down her tongue, Americana heard her ear-ring microphone crackle."Just so you know, Miss Americana," she heard Flag Girl's voice say, excitedly, "the semen you are currently eating will give rise to at least one Nobel Prize recipient, several Oscar-winning actresses and actors, one Supreme Court Justice, several Governors and Senators, a bunch of highly decorated Admirals in the U.S. Navy, and one President." The events she was getting to witness through the professor's Time Viewer were inspiring an interest in history the airheaded sidekick had never felt before, and she was eagerly scrolling through the lists of descendants of the various people her mentor was getting fucked by. "Isn't that cool?!" Americana heard her squeal.Americana whimpered. "Wonderful," she managed to moan into Mary Brewster's cunt, and with a lap of her tongue, sent more thrillingly historically-significant semen running down her throat.At last even the Pilgrim women had had their fill of serving up themselves, and receiving the novel pleasures of the harem girl's tongue in return. With Pilgrim and native alike now full and tired, they all started to decamp. The Pilgrims wandered back into their homes. The native leaders had had a few dwellings set aside for them, and the rest would make camp just outside the settlement.As the throng began to disperse, Governor Bradford, Squanto, and Massasoit stood side-by-side, surveying what was left of the Pilgrims' 'peace offering'.Americana lay sprawled upon the Thanksgiving table, as utterly and thoroughly consumed as any of the empty dishes all around her. She was not unconscious, but her blue eyes stared glassily up at the sky and didn't seem to see anything. She still had her belt, no one knowing to try to take it off of her, but despite that no muscle of her mighty curvy body seemed capable of movement, save for the slow rise and fall of her huge breasts as she breathed. Rivers of cum seemed to pour out of her cunt, spilling down in waterfalls between the planks of the table to form a vast growing lake underneath it."Shall we clean this mess up?" Governor Bradford asked, nodding towards Miss Americana.Without waiting for his interpreter, Massasoit shook his head. "No need," he said."It can wait until morning," Squanto assured him, smirking at the sight of the sprawled fucked-out white harlot. "Everyone is very tired and content.""Especially her!" Massasoit said, and tilting his head back let out a booming laugh."Should we post a guard on her then?" Governor Bradford asked.Massasoit again shook his head."The Sachem's warriors watch well all the approaches through the woods," Squanto advised. "No enemy tribe will enter here to take her. As for her, look at her. Do you think she can even walk at this point, let alone outrun the finest hunters of the Wampanoag people?""Good point," Governor Bradford admitted. "So, in that case, I have a small stash of brandy left. Shall we share some?"At this Massasoit tilted his head back and laughed vigorously. "Now this, is a good idea!" he said.With that the two natives and the Pilgrim turned and proceeded to the Governor's house, to continue their conversation.Americana was left alone, lying spent on the First Thanksgiving table. Soon all around her was quiet, save for the distant sound of a couple married Pilgrims getting in a second round. Panting, she stared at the stars, still in shock. Occasionally her gloved fingers twitched, down beside her wide and absurdly well-filled hips. Other than that, huge buns squished against the rough-hewn planks of the table, and huge tits rising and falling in the cool Massachusetts night, she could make no other move.At last, everyone nearby had either left or fallen asleep, and the coast was clear. Miss Americana's body began to glow. Her bikini, having been passed around and marveled at by various members of the party before being finally added as decorative elements to the top of the main centerpiece, glowed as well. Her chain, which had been secured to one leg of the table some time ago, did not.With a flash she was gone, leaving the Plymouth colony as mysteriously as she had entered it. The chain, disturbed by the wind of her passage, clanked to the ground. Pilgrims and natives alike would find it empty in the morning and assume that against all odds the 'harem girl' had managed to slip away in the night, and was probably therefore a witch after all. But, having already gotten very full use of her cunt, and since the blame for this could only rest primarily on his own sleepy sentries, Massasoit would not fault the Pilgrims for this and the treaty would not again be endangered. History, such as it was, for better or worse, was saved.Back in the current time, Flag Girl stood by, shivering nervously, as she watched the professor work the controls. A shining form slowly appeared upon the platform, a sprawled and shapely silhouette laid out spread-eagled atop it. Two smaller blobs appeared beside her, for her retrieved bra and panties.Then, with a last flash, the reverse time passage was complete. The machine hummed down, as Miss Americana and her discarded costume lay quivering upon the platform, once more in the flesh."Oh, thank the Goddess!" Flag Girl gasped, rushing forward in relief. Then, halfway to embracing her mistress, she suddenly gasped, skidded to a halt and froze. "Wha-what?" she gasped."Oh, yes," the Professor said. Looking down upon Americana from the control station beside the platform, he scratched his head sheepishly. "Yes, sometimes the time particles have, odd effects like this."Upon the platform Miss Americana groaned. Having recovered some of her strength and energy during the passage back, she lifted her head. She gasped, her curvy naked body rolling back and forth upon the platform, as rivers of semen continued to drip off it. Then, lifting one hand up to hold her head, she raised the other to comfortingly caress her aching belly, and then suddenly let out a loud yelp."Wha- what the?!" Miss Americana gasped.Lifting up her trembling gloved hand, she raised her head and stared down between her breasts in shock. There, rising up before her, which her fingers had unexpectedly encountered, her once-flat belly had already started to swell upwards considerably. She was six or seven months' pregnant, at least."Oh, Gah-Great Justice!" Miss Americana groaned, staring at her own enormous belly in disbelief."What, what happened?" Flag Girl squealed, hands over her lips."As I said," the professor said. Picking up a hand-held bio-scanner, he leaned over and began using it to examine Miss Americana's swollen belly. "The time-stream can have, odd effects sometimes. The exterior didn't age a day, if the still-runny and viable state of all this semen is any indication. The inside, well," He shrugged.Miss Americana shook her head, eyes glued to her impregnated body. As the Professor had stated, despite the advanced state of her pregnancy, streamers of seemingly fresh and gooey cum continued to flow out of her ravaged cunt lips, down onto the platform, spreading around her buxom buns."There's, there's no way my sonic device can deal with this," she whimpered. "Could you get me to Doctor Lingam fast? Maybe, maybe she could still fix this for me.""Maybe," the Professor admitted, still studying his scanner. "The time particles may make that more complicated than expected. But regardless of one's normal feelings on that practice, I think it might be considered a particularly sticky matter in this case, regardless.""What, what are you talking about, Professor?" the Queen of Justice gasped.He pointed at his scanner readout. "The other half of the genetic material in your womb matches no known human bloodline," he said. "Do you know what that means?"Miss Americana shook her head, glaring up at him furiously. "No of course not!" she said. "But since it's god-damn inside of me, just tell me!""The Native American known as Squanto," the Professor said, still looking over his readings with clinical detachment, "he was the one who had the first crack at your cunt, correct? And he was among the longest of those who fucked you, based on what we saw on the viewer, so if anyone's sperm reached your egg first, it was probably his. Correct?""Yes!" Americana said. She squirmed in particular, at the mention of the native interpreter's long cock, as it promptly dragged up deep memories of what it had felt like inside her. "Get to the point!" she said, naming an activity that none of the natives who had fucked her, least of all Squanto himself, had had any trouble at all doing within her."Well," he said. "In history as we previously understood it, the Pawtuxet tribe was entirely wiped out by disease save for one survivor. That would be Squanto. History tells us that he succumbed to European diseases himself shortly after the First Thanksgiving, and fathered no known children, thus making him the very last of his people."Turning it around, he showed her the readings on his bio-scanner."Until now," he said.Americana stared at the readings on the scanner in shock. In addition to all the genetic readings it also revealed to her that Squanto had gotten a jump on repopulating his tribe in another way as well. It wasn't one baby inside her, it was twins. Both boys. She turned and looked at her impregnated belly. Then she looked back at the scanner."Oh, oh shit," she whispered softly.Flag Girl suddenly started bouncing eagerly on her heels, having finally processed with her limited teen brainpower what the adults were talking about. "Oh, yay, Miss A!" she squealed. "You're going to be, like, the step-mother of an entire nation! Isn't that so cool?"Her face shivering in horror and wonder behind her star-spangled patriotic mask, Miss Americana shivered. "Oh, oh my fucking God!" she moaned.Overcome by the implications, she slumped back down onto the platform, her buxom naked body once more too overcome by what was happening to it to rise at all. Quivering against the floor, she shook and gasped in disbelief, as the seed of a vanished people suddenly re-birthed after a four-hundred-year absence continued to germinate eagerly within her patriotic womb.Back in the past, Governor Bradford had passed out in his chair. On a paper beside him, he had already taken some hasty notes about how the day's events could be carefully edited in the colonial records to preserve decorum. Massasoit and Tisquantum, still holding glasses of the governor's best brandy, had wandered to the outskirts of the colony. The escape of the busty peace offering had not yet been discovered. Sitting down on the side on a large rock by the shore they observed the light of the moon on the harbor in which the strangers had first arrived.'Does it ever disturb you,' Massasoit suddenly asked, in the Wampanoag tongue, 'to have to teach these people to live atop the graves of your tribe?''Sometimes' Tisquantum admitted. 'But I must do what is best for my people, and I trust you see that better than me.''I hope that I do,' Massasoit said. 'Being Sachem is not restful. I do sympathize though. The ghosts that dwell here cannot give you much rest either.'Looking out over the shining harbor Tisquantum thought back to playing upon this very rock as a child. He thought about the teenage girl he had courted, upon the hill above, who, as it turned out, he had never gotten to make his wife. He knew what remained of her was under a tree not far away, and visited it occasionally when no one else was watching.But, because it was so recent, he could also not help but remember the peace offering's cunt squeezing tight around his cock as he unleashed his seed into her.'It's alright,' he said. 'They just got a very tiny bit quieter for some reason.'Beside him, Massasoit let out a tiny bark of laughter. 'Yes, I'll bet!' he said.Then, raising their glasses of brandy, they chuckled as they each enjoyed a sip while looking out over the shining sea to the distant horizon.By Mark V Sharp for Literotica.Historical Characters:Massasoit, Sachem (essentially chief-over-other-chiefs) of the Wampanoag Confederacy, which dominated much of the land around the Plymouth settlement. Historically he signed a peace treaty with Governor John Carver in early 1621 that would last for nearly a century. He was also the one who sent Squanto to act as their interpreter and advisor. The land the colony was built on had been occupied by one of the tribes of his confederacy which, save for Squanto, had been entirely wiped out by disease. Without his help, including repeated deliveries of food, it is very unlikely the Plymouth colony would have survived.Tisquantum aka Squanto, last surviving member of the Pawtuxet tribe, whose vacant village the Pilgrims essentially settled on top of. The entire rest of the tribe was wiped out by a sudden outbreak of disease a few years before their arrival, most likely smallpox; Squanto escaped this fate by being kidnapped by an English explorer and sold into slavery in Spain, during which time he learned English. Eventually returning to his native land he was sent by Massasoit as the ambassador to his new white allies, and according to legend assisted the Pilgrims greatly in learning to survive in their new home. In actual history he would die of disease in 1622, a year after the so-called 'First Thanksgiving', leaving no known issue.William Brewster, though in reality the English Dissenters were a relatively egalitarian lot that rejected formal religious authorities, William Brewster is generally recognized as the chief spiritual leader and authority of the early colony. I just titled him 'Reverend' for simplicity's sake. Like many of the Pilgrims William Brewster has tens of thousands of known latter-day or modern-day descendants, but his list is particularly impressive including John Foster Dulles, Richard Gere, Katherine Hepburn, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Sarah Palin, Nelson Rockefeller, Supreme Court Justice David Souter, Commodore Matthew Perry (the dude who 'opened' Japan), Robert Noyce (the inventor of the integrated circuit), World War 2 Admiral William 'Bull' Halsey, and President Zachary Taylor.Mary Brewster, William Brewster's wife and mother of his children. I have no historical information that Mary Brewster had the slightest interest in receiving cunnilingus from other women; on the other hand I also don't have any hard information that she didn't.Truelove Brewster and Wrestling Brewster: no, really, these are the actual names William Brewster gave his sons. Also named his daughter 'Fear'.William Bradford, second Governor of the Plymouth Colony, after the first governor John Carver died of disease early in 1621. His journal, titled 'Of Plymouth Plantation,' is one of the primary historical sources on the early colony, including the First Thanksgiving. His descendants include Alec Baldwin, Clint Eastwood, Christopher Reeve, and Noah Webster, of 'Webster's Dictionary' fame. Unfortunately, William Bradford named his sons boring things like 'William Jr.' and 'Joseph' instead of the bat-shit awesome stuff William Brewster came up with, so I didn't give them any cameos.Myles Standish, hired by the Merchant Adventurers (non-religious monetary backers of the Mayflower expedition who were in it for potential trading profits) as a military advisor; Myles was not a Puritan, but was instead a career military man and veteran of warfare against the Spanish in Holland. However, he still was one of the signatories to the Mayflower Compact.

A heroine goes back in time to a sticky-fingered situation.By Mark V Sharp, in 2 parts. Listen to the ► Podcast at Steamy Stories. "In her, shoot fast," Principal Chief Massasoit directed, using what words he knew so that he would not surprise or confuse his strange hosts, "I want in her, my first use to take.""First use?!" Miss Americana managed to whimper, in horror, in between the moans and yelps Squanto's big thrusting cock was forcing out of her. But she didn't have long to contemplate that."That is no problem at all, my lord!" Squanto replied. Relaxing himself he thrust his enormous hardened cock deep into Miss Americana and, with a groan of ecstasy, unleashed his potent Pawtuxet seed upon her defenseless womb."Oh, Great Justice!" Americana groaned, her eyes rolling up in her head, as she felt the pulsing of his great cock inside her, and knew it meant that his sperm was flooding into her.He pulled out and then stepped aside, his long cock dripping."I have lubricated her for you, my Sachem," he said, gesturing towards Americana's cunt, which, gaping slightly wider than before, was also already releasing a long tendril of his semen to dangle down between her thighs."Very good!" Massasoit said. He stepped forward and took up his own position behind her. Reaching out he stroked her toned bubble-ass, and shook his head. "This," he said, squeezing Americana's bulging silky cheeks, "is a very rich gift, indeed!"With that he pushed himself up against her leaking cunt, and also entered her."Oh, my God," Miss Americana whimpered, as she too discovered Squanto was not to be a unique case. Her entire body shivered, as the great chief's enormous copper-colored cock sank deep up inside her helplessly quivering cunt."That's a sin!" one of the Pilgrims sitting near her chided, and continued eagerly to watch.At the sight that their chief had accepted the gift and that peace had been restored, the waiting column of Wampanoag warriors let out a great whoop of glee. Then, hoisting their burdens, they marched into the Plymouth settlement. The Pilgrims greeted them warmly, food was handed out, the Pilgrims contributing their meager stocks of beer and bread to the natives' largesse. Soon the great feast was in progress, with Wampanoag and Pilgrim dining and chatting together, sampling the first dishes as the Pilgrim women and their daughters and servants worked to prepare the main courses.And through it all, bent over at one end of the great table at which the First Thanksgiving was being laid, Miss Americana continued to get nailed. Massasoit's great cock, in his eagerness, lasted only slightly longer than Squanto had. But there was plenty more where that had come from. He was followed by Samoset, the Sagamore of the Abanaki tribe, who kept closer tabs on the strange new colonists while the Sachem was busy with other matters. After Samoset, the Sachem's honor guard took their turns; and after they had finished, every warrior in the entire column came up one by one and also partook in Miss Americana's flesh.The Pilgrims, with their Godly morals, piously abstained, but this did not stop the Pilgrim men's faces from showing deep jealousy, that their native guests got to enjoy two great helpings of Thanks-giving bounty instead of just one.In between their own turns upon Miss Americana's body, Massasoit, Squanto, and Samoset took their own seats at the table of the Elders, and with it, a privileged view of the action up between Americana's muscular shivering thighs, as the pale-skinned beauty got nailed by one long uncut native cock after another after another. Between her spread thighs they could also see her enormous breasts hanging down low and swaying wildly over the table as she squealed and squirmed under her furious and unchecked invasions, as if her enormous milk-filled udders were blessing the heavily-laden table with their own generous bounty."Does this disturb you, Pilgrim?" one native who had also picked up some English asked. Sitting down after his own turn inside her he found an open seat before Americana's enormous swaying udders, smoking a post-coital pipe. "I thought your God does not approve of this sort of thing."The Pilgrim shook his head. "Nah," he said. "God makes everyone for a purpose. I think it's pretty clear what he made this one for."Then, leaning forward, the Pilgrim seized one of Americana's giant breasts and held his glass up under it. He squeezed, discharging a rich squirt of milk from the heroine's hanging fruits into his cup. He took the cup back, threw it back, and then licked some of the delicious white super-milk off his lips."Well, that and this!" he said, as he held the glass up.Seeing yet another way in which the mysterious woman could be used in a celebration of plenty, other Pilgrims soon came forward to also eagerly sample the fuck-quivering cow's produce. Americana, too busy squealing as she got nailed by one big native cock after another, could do nothing to resist as her big breasts were squeezed and squeezed until finally even those bottomless udders were drained dry.Eventually, the entire feast had been consumed and everyone was full and sated. Even Americana's belt-boosted strength eventually failed her, and after eighty or so consecutive fucks up against the table her knees finally buckled and she sank down, a quivering wreck. She had taken so much cum inside her that rivers seemed to flow down her thighs, and a huge puddle had formed, which her knees landed in with twin pearly splashes like comets entering an ocean of gooey white fluid.But though she was spent, she had not even begun to exhaust the collective vigor of the Wampanoag delegation. Flipping her over, the warriors positioned her on her back at the edge of the First Thanksgiving table, which, the feast having been largely consumed, was now otherwise covered in a great mass of empty used bowls, plates, and tableware. Then, having positioned her, they continued nailing her almost-limp body face-to-face upon the table, as, around them, the dessert course finally began to be served.The tight order of the early stages of the feast had by now broken down, and Elder and commoner, Indian and Pilgrim were now all mixing freely. Copious quantities of beer had also flowed along with the food, and everyone was now quite contentedly drunk, as while the Puritans were against many things, booze was not actually one of them."I say Reverend," the short Pilgrim commented to William Brewster, as they stood side by side near the entrance of a house and watched Americana's continuing show. "Everyone has eaten their full, except for the harem girl. It seems rather unsuited to a great Thanksgiving like this to leave one, even a harlot and serial adulteress such as she, unsated.""True," the Reverend said. "But the food has already been cleared. What is there for her to eat?""There is, one set of sausages that have not been touched," the tall Pilgrim said, finally dropping what they were angling for. "I know that putting them where the Indians are putting theirs is a sin, but what about her mouth. Does that, you know, count?""Hmm," the Reverend Brewster said. "Normally I would say yes. However, this is a special festive day, and she was clearly sent by Providence itself to perform exactly this, function, so perhaps, just once." As he saw the brightening expressions on the two Pilgrims' faces, he shook his head, and raised a chiding finger. "However, for the sake of the harmony of our settlement," he added, "it is not just God who must be consulted."As it happened, the Reverend's own wife was at that moment emerging from the house behind them, carrying two freshly-baked pies. The Reverend's sons, Truelove Brewster and Wrestling Brewster, trailed behind her, carrying another pie each."What say you, Mary?" the Reverend asked her, knowing full well her sharp ears would have overheard everything."Hmm," Mary Brewster said. She glanced at the other Pilgrim wives scattered about the festival, of which there were not many. Between the composition of the original complement of settlers and the terrible toll of deaths that had occurred over the previous winter, there were now a great deal more men than women in the colony. The few other wives looked at her, significantly, saying nothing but their expressions communicating much. Nodding with understanding, Mary turned back to her husband."I know that men build up a great deal of, pressure, if they are not given release," she said. "So, I would say it is fine if the unmarried or widowed men sate themselves while sating the whore. It might reduce, future problems. But the married men will be sated by their wives, or else!" She lifted up a finger and glared."Of course," Reverend Brewster said. He could not quite keep the disappointment out of his voice that he would not be among those allowed to partake.But before he could give general approval for the new plan, Mary caught one of the other wives widening her eyes to get her attention. The silent wife nodded a couple times, significantly, towards Americana's moaning lips, and then looked at Mary meaningfully. Mary nodded."There is one other condition," she added, hastily. "We good women of the colony have had to endure our husbands watching the whore get nailed, in silence. We have done so, for the future of our settlement. However, we must get compensated." She looked at her husband, her eyes boring into him. "So after the unmarried men have fed her their main course, we will feed her dessert, of the pies we have long had prepared between our legs, but rarely if ever had eaten. Is this clear?"The two junior Pilgrims' eyes widened, as if they had never imagined such a thing."Good heavens!" the tall one said, fingers going to his own lips."Is, is that permitted under Heaven's law, Reverend?" the short one asked."Uh," Reverend Brewster said. He wracked his memory of the Good Book, trying to think of a clear passage one way or the other. "To be honest," he said, "I'm not sure if the Good Lord considers that sex, or not,""Then there should be no problem, should there?" Mary asked testily."I guess not," he said, deciding to err on the side of marital harmony over strict doctrine for once. God's forgiveness, after all, was infinite. His wife's, on the other hand,Of course, before the natives 'peace offering' could be used in this manner, clearance first had to be gotten from Massasoit. But the Great Sachem, in a very relaxed state having thoroughly drained his own scrotum over the course of five separate sessions within Miss Americana, was in a magnanimous mood, and with a simple nod of his bronzed head and wave of his hand signaled his approval.So it was that as the pies got laid out, cut, and consumption began eagerly, one by one Pilgrim men began to ascend the table. As with the Indians, they went in strict order of rank, and, his own wife Rose being one of the casualties of the previous winter, this meant that Myles Standish was first in line."Open wide, and say your grace," he advised her, as having preemptively removed his pants, he came in for a landing on her moaning tongue.Miss Americana whimpered loudly as his cock entered her mouth. Pure instinct took over almost immediately. Wrapping her lips tight around his respectable but, compared to some of the monsters that had been in her cunt that day, modestly-sized cock, she began to suck it enthusiastically."Oh, yes!" Myles said. He lifted his eyes heavenward, as she slurped and slurped upon him. "T-truly, this wench was sent by the Lord!" he said, before erupting down her throat and giving her, her first load of cum to swallow.It would, of course, not be the last. As the lesser Pilgrims had pointed out, while everyone else had had their fill, at this First Thanksgiving Americana had had none. Now, they made up for that. One after another, unmarried Pilgrim men climbed up and, sometimes still eating pieces of pie as they did so, inserted their fresh sausages down between her lips. Americana moaned, and blushed, and sucked each one as vigorously and worshipfully as she could, as if they were truly her gifts from God. One warm protein shake after another poured down her throat, finally filling up her until-now-empty belly, and each and every one she gulped down with a vigor equal to the holiday. Then after each one finished she opened wide and, extending out her tongue, began putting preparatory licks upon the next incoming cock that inevitably replaced the last one in the never-ending cornucopia of cock she was being served.In the meantime, watching all this, and knowing that based on Mary Brewster's pronouncement they would not get their own full Thanksgiving repast any other way, one by one the married Pilgrim men snuck away from the party with their now equally enthused and eager wives, into the bushes or the backs of the more remote houses, to do what married couples do. Although, given the inspirations provided by Americana's marathon performance, they generally put a little more effort and creativity into it than they typically had. One by one, flush-faced and hand-in-hand they returned to the center of the festival, in a few cases with the seeds of another few thousand modern descendants quietly germinating under the Pilgrim women's' hastily re-lowered skirts.So it was that, when the Pilgrim men and the natives alike had finally sated themselves, well after the dessert course and into the after-meal drinking and general turkey-clobbered lethargy, Americana got her final surprise. With the coast finally clear, the Pilgrim wives climbed up one by one and got the 'compensation' that Mary Brewster had negotiated for them. As they lifted their skirts and lowered their unkempt bushes down towards the invading harlot's open gasping lips, Americana moaned to discover, one after another, that there was a pie of fresh cream waiting for her under each and every skirt, to accompany the gutted pumpkin and other pies lying spent all around her.But she didn't have much choice. Digging her tongue up between the wives' outer lips, she did her best to show them how it was done."Oh!" one Pilgrim woman after another sighed, heads rolling and shivering, as they discovered at the tip of the 'harem girl's' practiced tongue a pleasure their husbands had rarely, if ever, managed to provide them. Americana was not by nature a cunt-eater, but she had been put into that position often enough by triumphant villainesses to know her way around. She stroked the inner lips, teased the hood, and then finally went after the excited clit with vigor. And as she did so, streamers and tendrils of married Pilgrim cum poured out into her own mouth, which, like all the others before her, she periodically paused to gulp down hungrily before resuming her probing services.Finally, the last dish of all, the one between the legs of Mary Brewster herself, was served to her. As she stroked and stroked between Mary's labia, and felt the Reverend's hallowed semen wash down her tongue, Americana heard her ear-ring microphone crackle."Just so you know, Miss Americana," she heard Flag Girl's voice say, excitedly, "the semen you are currently eating will give rise to at least one Nobel Prize recipient, several Oscar-winning actresses and actors, one Supreme Court Justice, several Governors and Senators, a bunch of highly decorated Admirals in the U.S. Navy, and one President." The events she was getting to witness through the professor's Time Viewer were inspiring an interest in history the airheaded sidekick had never felt before, and she was eagerly scrolling through the lists of descendants of the various people her mentor was getting fucked by. "Isn't that cool?!" Americana heard her squeal.Americana whimpered. "Wonderful," she managed to moan into Mary Brewster's cunt, and with a lap of her tongue, sent more thrillingly historically-significant semen running down her throat.At last even the Pilgrim women had had their fill of serving up themselves, and receiving the novel pleasures of the harem girl's tongue in return. With Pilgrim and native alike now full and tired, they all started to decamp. The Pilgrims wandered back into their homes. The native leaders had had a few dwellings set aside for them, and the rest would make camp just outside the settlement.As the throng began to disperse, Governor Bradford, Squanto, and Massasoit stood side-by-side, surveying what was left of the Pilgrims' 'peace offering'.Americana lay sprawled upon the Thanksgiving table, as utterly and thoroughly consumed as any of the empty dishes all around her. She was not unconscious, but her blue eyes stared glassily up at the sky and didn't seem to see anything. She still had her belt, no one knowing to try to take it off of her, but despite that no muscle of her mighty curvy body seemed capable of movement, save for the slow rise and fall of her huge breasts as she breathed. Rivers of cum seemed to pour out of her cunt, spilling down in waterfalls between the planks of the table to form a vast growing lake underneath it."Shall we clean this mess up?" Governor Bradford asked, nodding towards Miss Americana.Without waiting for his interpreter, Massasoit shook his head. "No need," he said."It can wait until morning," Squanto assured him, smirking at the sight of the sprawled fucked-out white harlot. "Everyone is very tired and content.""Especially her!" Massasoit said, and tilting his head back let out a booming laugh."Should we post a guard on her then?" Governor Bradford asked.Massasoit again shook his head."The Sachem's warriors watch well all the approaches through the woods," Squanto advised. "No enemy tribe will enter here to take her. As for her, look at her. Do you think she can even walk at this point, let alone outrun the finest hunters of the Wampanoag people?""Good point," Governor Bradford admitted. "So, in that case, I have a small stash of brandy left. Shall we share some?"At this Massasoit tilted his head back and laughed vigorously. "Now this, is a good idea!" he said.With that the two natives and the Pilgrim turned and proceeded to the Governor's house, to continue their conversation.Americana was left alone, lying spent on the First Thanksgiving table. Soon all around her was quiet, save for the distant sound of a couple married Pilgrims getting in a second round. Panting, she stared at the stars, still in shock. Occasionally her gloved fingers twitched, down beside her wide and absurdly well-filled hips. Other than that, huge buns squished against the rough-hewn planks of the table, and huge tits rising and falling in the cool Massachusetts night, she could make no other move.At last, everyone nearby had either left or fallen asleep, and the coast was clear. Miss Americana's body began to glow. Her bikini, having been passed around and marveled at by various members of the party before being finally added as decorative elements to the top of the main centerpiece, glowed as well. Her chain, which had been secured to one leg of the table some time ago, did not.With a flash she was gone, leaving the Plymouth colony as mysteriously as she had entered it. The chain, disturbed by the wind of her passage, clanked to the ground. Pilgrims and natives alike would find it empty in the morning and assume that against all odds the 'harem girl' had managed to slip away in the night, and was probably therefore a witch after all. But, having already gotten very full use of her cunt, and since the blame for this could only rest primarily on his own sleepy sentries, Massasoit would not fault the Pilgrims for this and the treaty would not again be endangered. History, such as it was, for better or worse, was saved.Back in the current time, Flag Girl stood by, shivering nervously, as she watched the professor work the controls. A shining form slowly appeared upon the platform, a sprawled and shapely silhouette laid out spread-eagled atop it. Two smaller blobs appeared beside her, for her retrieved bra and panties.Then, with a last flash, the reverse time passage was complete. The machine hummed down, as Miss Americana and her discarded costume lay quivering upon the platform, once more in the flesh."Oh, thank the Goddess!" Flag Girl gasped, rushing forward in relief. Then, halfway to embracing her mistress, she suddenly gasped, skidded to a halt and froze. "Wha-what?" she gasped."Oh, yes," the Professor said. Looking down upon Americana from the control station beside the platform, he scratched his head sheepishly. "Yes, sometimes the time particles have, odd effects like this."Upon the platform Miss Americana groaned. Having recovered some of her strength and energy during the passage back, she lifted her head. She gasped, her curvy naked body rolling back and forth upon the platform, as rivers of semen continued to drip off it. Then, lifting one hand up to hold her head, she raised the other to comfortingly caress her aching belly, and then suddenly let out a loud yelp."Wha- what the?!" Miss Americana gasped.Lifting up her trembling gloved hand, she raised her head and stared down between her breasts in shock. There, rising up before her, which her fingers had unexpectedly encountered, her once-flat belly had already started to swell upwards considerably. She was six or seven months' pregnant, at least."Oh, Gah-Great Justice!" Miss Americana groaned, staring at her own enormous belly in disbelief."What, what happened?" Flag Girl squealed, hands over her lips."As I said," the professor said. Picking up a hand-held bio-scanner, he leaned over and began using it to examine Miss Americana's swollen belly. "The time-stream can have, odd effects sometimes. The exterior didn't age a day, if the still-runny and viable state of all this semen is any indication. The inside, well," He shrugged.Miss Americana shook her head, eyes glued to her impregnated body. As the Professor had stated, despite the advanced state of her pregnancy, streamers of seemingly fresh and gooey cum continued to flow out of her ravaged cunt lips, down onto the platform, spreading around her buxom buns."There's, there's no way my sonic device can deal with this," she whimpered. "Could you get me to Doctor Lingam fast? Maybe, maybe she could still fix this for me.""Maybe," the Professor admitted, still studying his scanner. "The time particles may make that more complicated than expected. But regardless of one's normal feelings on that practice, I think it might be considered a particularly sticky matter in this case, regardless.""What, what are you talking about, Professor?" the Queen of Justice gasped.He pointed at his scanner readout. "The other half of the genetic material in your womb matches no known human bloodline," he said. "Do you know what that means?"Miss Americana shook her head, glaring up at him furiously. "No of course not!" she said. "But since it's god-damn inside of me, just tell me!""The Native American known as Squanto," the Professor said, still looking over his readings with clinical detachment, "he was the one who had the first crack at your cunt, correct? And he was among the longest of those who fucked you, based on what we saw on the viewer, so if anyone's sperm reached your egg first, it was probably his. Correct?""Yes!" Americana said. She squirmed in particular, at the mention of the native interpreter's long cock, as it promptly dragged up deep memories of what it had felt like inside her. "Get to the point!" she said, naming an activity that none of the natives who had fucked her, least of all Squanto himself, had had any trouble at all doing within her."Well," he said. "In history as we previously understood it, the Pawtuxet tribe was entirely wiped out by disease save for one survivor. That would be Squanto. History tells us that he succumbed to European diseases himself shortly after the First Thanksgiving, and fathered no known children, thus making him the very last of his people."Turning it around, he showed her the readings on his bio-scanner."Until now," he said.Americana stared at the readings on the scanner in shock. In addition to all the genetic readings it also revealed to her that Squanto had gotten a jump on repopulating his tribe in another way as well. It wasn't one baby inside her, it was twins. Both boys. She turned and looked at her impregnated belly. Then she looked back at the scanner."Oh, oh shit," she whispered softly.Flag Girl suddenly started bouncing eagerly on her heels, having finally processed with her limited teen brainpower what the adults were talking about. "Oh, yay, Miss A!" she squealed. "You're going to be, like, the step-mother of an entire nation! Isn't that so cool?"Her face shivering in horror and wonder behind her star-spangled patriotic mask, Miss Americana shivered. "Oh, oh my fucking God!" she moaned.Overcome by the implications, she slumped back down onto the platform, her buxom naked body once more too overcome by what was happening to it to rise at all. Quivering against the floor, she shook and gasped in disbelief, as the seed of a vanished people suddenly re-birthed after a four-hundred-year absence continued to germinate eagerly within her patriotic womb.Back in the past, Governor Bradford had passed out in his chair. On a paper beside him, he had already taken some hasty notes about how the day's events could be carefully edited in the colonial records to preserve decorum. Massasoit and Tisquantum, still holding glasses of the governor's best brandy, had wandered to the outskirts of the colony. The escape of the busty peace offering had not yet been discovered. Sitting down on the side on a large rock by the shore they observed the light of the moon on the harbor in which the strangers had first arrived.'Does it ever disturb you,' Massasoit suddenly asked, in the Wampanoag tongue, 'to have to teach these people to live atop the graves of your tribe?''Sometimes' Tisquantum admitted. 'But I must do what is best for my people, and I trust you see that better than me.''I hope that I do,' Massasoit said. 'Being Sachem is not restful. I do sympathize though. The ghosts that dwell here cannot give you much rest either.'Looking out over the shining harbor Tisquantum thought back to playing upon this very rock as a child. He thought about the teenage girl he had courted, upon the hill above, who, as it turned out, he had never gotten to make his wife. He knew what remained of her was under a tree not far away, and visited it occasionally when no one else was watching.But, because it was so recent, he could also not help but remember the peace offering's cunt squeezing tight around his cock as he unleashed his seed into her.'It's alright,' he said. 'They just got a very tiny bit quieter for some reason.'Beside him, Massasoit let out a tiny bark of laughter. 'Yes, I'll bet!' he said.Then, raising their glasses of brandy, they chuckled as they each enjoyed a sip while looking out over the shining sea to the distant horizon.By Mark V Sharp for Literotica.Historical Characters:Massasoit, Sachem (essentially chief-over-other-chiefs) of the Wampanoag Confederacy, which dominated much of the land around the Plymouth settlement. Historically he signed a peace treaty with Governor John Carver in early 1621 that would last for nearly a century. He was also the one who sent Squanto to act as their interpreter and advisor. The land the colony was built on had been occupied by one of the tribes of his confederacy which, save for Squanto, had been entirely wiped out by disease. Without his help, including repeated deliveries of food, it is very unlikely the Plymouth colony would have survived.Tisquantum aka Squanto, last surviving member of the Pawtuxet tribe, whose vacant village the Pilgrims essentially settled on top of. The entire rest of the tribe was wiped out by a sudden outbreak of disease a few years before their arrival, most likely smallpox; Squanto escaped this fate by being kidnapped by an English explorer and sold into slavery in Spain, during which time he learned English. Eventually returning to his native land he was sent by Massasoit as the ambassador to his new white allies, and according to legend assisted the Pilgrims greatly in learning to survive in their new home. In actual history he would die of disease in 1622, a year after the so-called 'First Thanksgiving', leaving no known issue.William Brewster, though in reality the English Dissenters were a relatively egalitarian lot that rejected formal religious authorities, William Brewster is generally recognized as the chief spiritual leader and authority of the early colony. I just titled him 'Reverend' for simplicity's sake. Like many of the Pilgrims William Brewster has tens of thousands of known latter-day or modern-day descendants, but his list is particularly impressive including John Foster Dulles, Richard Gere, Katherine Hepburn, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Sarah Palin, Nelson Rockefeller, Supreme Court Justice David Souter, Commodore Matthew Perry (the dude who 'opened' Japan), Robert Noyce (the inventor of the integrated circuit), World War 2 Admiral William 'Bull' Halsey, and President Zachary Taylor.Mary Brewster, William Brewster's wife and mother of his children. I have no historical information that Mary Brewster had the slightest interest in receiving cunnilingus from other women; on the other hand I also don't have any hard information that she didn't.Truelove Brewster and Wrestling Brewster: no, really, these are the actual names William Brewster gave his sons. Also named his daughter 'Fear'.William Bradford, second Governor of the Plymouth Colony, after the first governor John Carver died of disease early in 1621. His journal, titled 'Of Plymouth Plantation,' is one of the primary historical sources on the early colony, including the First Thanksgiving. His descendants include Alec Baldwin, Clint Eastwood, Christopher Reeve, and Noah Webster, of 'Webster's Dictionary' fame. Unfortunately, William Bradford named his sons boring things like 'William Jr.' and 'Joseph' instead of the bat-shit awesome stuff William Brewster came up with, so I didn't give them any cameos.Myles Standish, hired by the Merchant Adventurers (non-religious monetary backers of the Mayflower expedition who were in it for potential trading profits) as a military advisor; Myles was not a Puritan, but was instead a career military man and veteran of warfare against the Spanish in Holland. However, he still was one of the signatories to the Mayflower Compact.

John Wilsey, professor of church history at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, discusses his biography of John Foster Dulles with Josh and Timon.    #JohnWilsey #ChurchHistory #SBTS #Christianity #Government #Politics #Dulles #JohnFosterDulles #History #Biography #ColdWar   Dr. John Wilsey is Professor of Church History and Philosophy and Chair of the Department of Church History and Historical Theology. He also serves as Book Review Editor of The Southern Baptist Journal of Theology. Prior to coming to Southern, Wilsey taught elementary, middle, and high school students in history and Bible for eleven years in North Carolina and Virginia. He also has served Southern Baptist churches, as an associate pastor in Charlottesville, Virginia for eight years and interim pastor for three years in Spring, Texas. Between 2011 and 2017, he taught history and philosophy at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, with most of his teaching load in a fully accredited baccalaureate program in a maximum-security unit of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice.   Learn more about John Wilsey's work: https://www.sbts.edu/faculty/john-d-wilsey/   ––––––   Follow American Reformer across Social Media: X / Twitter – https://www.twitter.com/amreformer Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/AmericanReformer/ YouTube – https://www.youtube.com/@AmericanReformer Rumble – https://rumble.com/user/AmReformer Website – https://americanreformer.org/   Promote a vigorous Christian approach to the cultural challenges of our day, by donating to The American Reformer: https://americanreformer.org/donate/   Follow Us on Twitter: Josh Abbotoy – https://twitter.com/Byzness Timon Cline – https://twitter.com/tlloydcline   The American Reformer Podcast is  hosted by Josh Abbotoy and Timon Cline, recorded remotely in the United States, and edited by Jared Cummings.   Subscribe to our Podcast, "The American Reformer" Get our RSS Feed – https://americanreformerpodcast.podbean.com/ Apple Podcasts – https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-american-reformer-podcast/id1677193347 Spotify – https://open.spotify.com/show/1V2dH5vhfogPIv0X8ux9Gm?si=a19db9dc271c4ce5

Alex Newman is an award-winning international freelance journalist, author, researcher, educator and consultant. He is senior editor for The New American. He is co-author of Crimes of the Educators, author of Deep State: The Invisible Government Behind the Scenes and author of, Indoctrinating Our Children to Death. He is Founder of Liberty Sentinel.This program takes a deep dive as it looks at the timeline of the United Nations, the world organization whose beginnings go back to October 24, 1945. Alex believes that from the beginning, the U.N. was set up for nefarious purposes. At that time what you find is that the U.N. was dominated by communists, subversives and individuals that have no business being anywhere near global power. As Alex moves along the timeline you'll hear him discuss the following: Soviet agent Alger Hiss who was the first Secretary General of the U.N.John Foster Dulles, one of the key delegates to the founding of the U.N., who through his book War or Peace, admitted the U.N. goal was world government.The International Court of Justice.Planning documents like Agenda 21. The connection between the World Economic Forum/the World Health Organization and the U.N. How religion factors into U.N. history. The U.N. and internet control. How to get the U.S. out of the U.N. and much more.

Alex Newman is an award-winning international freelance journalist, author, researcher, educator and consultant. He is senior editor for The New American. He is co-author of Crimes of the Educators, author of Deep State: The Invisible Government Behind the Scenes and author of, Indoctrinating Our Children to Death. He is Founder of Liberty Sentinel.This program takes a deep dive as it looks at the timeline of the United Nations, the world organization whose beginnings go back to October 24, 1945. Alex believes that from the beginning, the U.N. was set up for nefarious purposes. At that time what you find is that the U.N. was dominated by communists, subversives and individuals that have no business being anywhere near global power. As Alex moves along the timeline you'll hear him discuss the following: Soviet agent Alger Hiss who was the first Secretary General of the U.N.John Foster Dulles, one of the key delegates to the founding of the U.N., who through his book War or Peace, admitted the U.N. goal was world government.The International Court of Justice.Planning documents like Agenda 21. The connection between the World Economic Forum/the World Health Organization and the U.N. How religion factors into U.N. history. The U.N. and internet control. How to get the U.S. out of the U.N. and much more.

  Jim suggests people read the books:Betting On The Africans by Philip E. Muehlenbeck. JFK: Ordeal in Africa by Richard D. Mahoney, The Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad. King Leopold's Ghost by Adam Hochschild, Who Killed Hammerskjold? by Susan Williams. CAPA conference in Dallas approaching fast! September 27th is the 60th anniversary of the release of the Warren Commission. NBC & CBS ran special programming the day the Warren Commission released CBS coached the witnesses before being recorded. 26 volumes of hearing transcripts & depositions released two months later. When JFK was assassinated, 75% of the public believed the government, this decreased steadily. Many people don't know how much Kennedy supported & cared about the independence of Africa. JFK was the first President to campaign on the behalf of Africa, making his famous speech in 1957. JFK chairman of the subcommittee for the African Foreign Relations committee. In just 50 years of Belgium control, 50% of the African population was eliminated. England, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain, France & Portugal all had controlling interests by 1900's. Berlin Conference held by Prince Bismark in 1884 significant in organized takeover. Congo was the 2nd largest country in Africa, & the 11th largest country in the world. International Congo Society formed by Leopold II, in his quest to obtain natural resources of Congo. Congo controlled by Leopold II from 1885-1908 & then annexed by Belgium as a formal colony. Leopold II encouraged US to back up annexation of Congo. Ho Chi Minh appealed to Harry Truman to stop France from returning to Vietnam. Roosevelt wanted to end the Imperialism. US backed CIA installed DIEM government & Operation Vulture. Richard Nixon idolized John Foster Dulles. In 1954 JFK first heard about Operation Vulture & was vehemently opposed. SEATO - South East Treaty Organization created by Dulles to utilize in takeover of Vietnam. Diplomats started to go around Dulles & Eisenhower, seeking out JFK to help with Africa. When JFK was touring in 1959, he brought up the issues in Africa often, over 400 times. Eisenhower felt the Africans were unsophisticated & lacked intelligence to run their countries. After Kennedy was elected, he tried to buy independence for the Congo. Dag Hammarskjold sent in UN troops to help protect Lumumba but to no avail. After Lumumba was assassinated, Hammarskjold was assassinated & then JFK. When Belgium pulled out of Congo, their intention was a swift withdrawal to incite extreme chaos. Unknown to Lumumba, the Belgium government had transferred Congo gold reserve to Brussels. Oliver Stone originally wanted Brando for the part of Mr. X in his JFK movie, not Donald Sutherland. Both Garrison & Zach Sklar told Oliver Stone to get in contact with Fletcher Prouty. Donald Sutherland the original producer of Executive Action, securing funding for the film. Sutherland came all the way from Canada to do the narration for Oliver Stone's JFK film. Late November of 1964, the 1st combat troops sent to Vietnam Kennedy told the British that he would not be backing the Imperial Policy anymore. The CIA sent two assassins to murder Lumumba. They kept the murder of Lumumba secret from JFK. Why? Famous photo of JFK taken on February 13, 1961 as JFK informed about Lumumba's murder. When JFK was assassinated, his Congo policy was buried with him.  

No es habitual que un simple secretario de Estado se asegure la inmortalidad. De los 71 que han pasado por el cargo sólo un puñado se recuerdan con nombre y apellidos. Algunos porque tras ser secretarios de Estado accedieron a la presidencia. Ese fue el caso de James Madison, John Quincy Adams o James Monroe. Otros porque les tocó lidiar con asuntos de la máxima importancia en periodos convulsos. Cordel Hull, por ejemplo, fue el secretario de Estado de Franklin Delano Roosevelt durante más de una década, desde 1933 hasta finales de 1944. Casi toda la segunda guerra mundial pasó por la mesa de su despacho y sus gestiones alumbraron la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Poco después entre Dean Acheson y John Foster Dulles se encargaron de diseñar la arquitectura de posguerra. Hombres singulares para momentos críticos. Esa es la razón por la que se les recuerda. Con Henry Kissinger sucedió algo similar, pero con él se dieron algunas peculiaridades. La primera que entre su salida de la Casa Blanca y su muerte transcurrió casi medio siglo, tiempo más que suficiente para pasar al olvido. Pero no fue así. Kissinger se las apañó durante todo ese tiempo para estar siempre de actualidad. La segunda su origen. Kissinger no era estadounidense de nacimiento, sino alemán. Vino al mundo en una pequeña ciudad de Baviera en 1923. No pertenecía a la burguesía acomodada ni tenía relación alguna con el poder. Su padre era un simple maestro de escuela que decidió marcharse junto a toda su familia unos años después de que los nazis llegasen a la cancillería. Una vez en Estados Unidos los Kissinger se establecieron en Nueva York. Allí el joven Heinz, el nombre que figuraba en su certificado de nacimiento, hizo la educación secundaria y estudió contabilidad con la idea de emplearse en alguna empresa de la City. Había llegado a Estados Unidos con quince años, hablaba inglés a la perfección, pero mantenía un ligero acento alemán que le acompañó hasta su muerte. No parecía alguien llamado a grandes gestas, un contable judeoalemán, emigrante de primera generación y extracción modesta. Pero en 1941 Estados Unidos entró en la guerra. Año y medio después fue llamado a filas y asignado en los servicios de inteligencia. Tres años pasó en Europa y llegó incluso a gobernar de forma interina la ciudad de Krefeld, en el valle del Rin, ya que los aliados no tenían demasiados efectivos que hablasen alemán con fluidez. En la guerra descubrió su verdadera vocación, la de entender cómo funcionaba el mundo y pensar el modo de influir sobre los acontecimientos. Se empleó como analista en la Fundación Rockefeller y eso le llevó de cabeza a la política. Nelson Rockefeller, el nieto del fundador de la Standard Oil, aspiraba a la presidencia del país y fichó a Kissinger como uno de sus asesores. Fracasó tres veces, pero su contrincante, un californiano llamado Richard Nixon, se fijó en el brillante consejero de Rockefeller y le llamó a su lado. Le puso al frente de la oficina de Seguridad Nacional y luego le nombró secretario de Estado. Desde ahí desplegó la doctrina de la “realpolitik”, en virtud de la cual, la política exterior no debía dirigirse desde los sentimientos ni las convicciones morales, sino desde la evaluación correcta de las fuerzas propias y ajenas. Eso le llevó a aconsejar a Nixon que se entendiese con la China popular, que serviría de valladar frente a los soviéticos. Se bautizó a aquella política como distensión. La guerra fría iba para largo y ambas potencias tenían que convivir respetando mutuamente sus áreas de influencia. La URSS recogió el guante y aceptó esa distensión. Pero mientras aflojaba la rivalidad entre Estados Unidos y la Unión Soviética en otras partes del mundo surgieron infinidad de problemas. Algunos heredados como la guerra de Vietnam, a la que Kissinger puso fin llevándose como premio un Nobel de la Paz, o el conflicto entre árabes e israelíes, que resolvió magistralmente forjando un acuerdo histórico entre Anwar el-Sadat y Menájem Beguin. Otros eran de nuevo cuño como la guerra de independencia de Bangladés o las dictaduras militares en Hispanoamérica. Kissinger combinó grandes aciertos con errores estrepitosos, pero esto último no le impidió convertirse en una celebridad mundial y un autor de éxito. Su historia personal es en buena medida la historia de un siglo. Eso mismo es lo que vamos a ver hoy en La ContraHistoria. En El ContraSello: - La Judea romana - 1968 - México y la guerra de secesión Bibliografía: - "Liderazgo: seis estudios sobre estrategia mundial" de Henry Kissinger - https://amzn.to/4a37Tx4 - "Orden Mundial" de Henry Kissinger - https://amzn.to/3TmVspZ - "La diplomacia" de Henry Kissinger - https://amzn.to/3sPwkNJ - "Kissinger" de Niall Ferguson - https://amzn.to/410vwls - "Kissinger" de Walter Isaacson - https://amzn.to/3R2WwfR · Canal de Telegram: https://t.me/lacontracronica · “Hispanos. Breve historia de los pueblos de habla hispana”… https://amzn.to/428js1G · “La ContraHistoria de España. Auge, caída y vuelta a empezar de un país en 28 episodios”… https://amzn.to/3kXcZ6i · “Lutero, Calvino y Trento, la Reforma que no fue”… https://amzn.to/3shKOlK · “La ContraHistoria del comunismo”… https://amzn.to/39QP2KE Apoya La Contra en: · Patreon... https://www.patreon.com/diazvillanueva · iVoox... https://www.ivoox.com/podcast-contracronica_sq_f1267769_1.html · Paypal... https://www.paypal.me/diazvillanueva Sígueme en: · Web... https://diazvillanueva.com · Twitter... https://twitter.com/diazvillanueva · Facebook... https://www.facebook.com/fernandodiazvillanueva1/ · Instagram... https://www.instagram.com/diazvillanueva · Linkedin… https://www.linkedin.com/in/fernando-d%C3%ADaz-villanueva-7303865/ · Flickr... https://www.flickr.com/photos/147276463@N05/?/ · Pinterest... https://www.pinterest.com/fernandodiazvillanueva Encuentra mis libros en: · Amazon... https://www.amazon.es/Fernando-Diaz-Villanueva/e/B00J2ASBXM #FernandoDiazVillanueva #kissinger #diplomacia Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

This week, Eric, Dan, and Dylan are joined by James M. Patterson, associate professor of politics and chair of the politics department at Ave Maria University, to discuss his essay from the Summer 2023 issue of RELIGION & LIBERTY, “Is the New Right Fascist?” What is fascism, beyond the most common Orwellian definition “that which is not desirable”? How much of the radicalism of the New Right is driven by a lot of young members who are “very online”? How seriously should we take the arguments of these people, and how much should we engage with them? Subscribe to our podcasts  Is the New Right Fascist? | James M. Patterson, Religion & Liberty Patrick Deneen's Otherworldly Regime | Jonah Goldberg, Religion & Liberty The man vs. the myth: who was John Foster Dulles? | Acton Line Ron DeSantis fires staffer who shared video with fascist imagery | David Weigel & Shelby Talcott, Semafor Why Integralism Is an Ideology of Despair | James M. Patterson, Law & Liberty After Republican Virtue | James M. Patterson, Law & Liberty Fascist Economics | Wilhelm Röpke  Ur-Fascism | Umberto Eco, The New York Review of Books What if We're the Bad Guys Here? | David Brooks, New York Times

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 848, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: "hang" time 1: It's a place to park your airplane. a hangar. 2: "Hair of the dog" is taken as a remedy for this. a hangover. 3: It's the type of look worn by a browbeaten or defeated person. hang dog. 4: To be completely candid in expressing one's feelings, or to live without inhibitions. let it all hang out ("to hang loose" accepted). 5: A contest in which the outcome is uncertain until the last moment. a cliffhanger. Round 2. Category: washington d.c. 1: What the "D.C." stands for. the District of Columbia. 2: 287 miles long, it flows past Washington and induces "fever" in ambitious politicians. the Potomac River. 3: Though this mound rises only 88', it's synonymous with building which stands upon it. Capitol Hill. 4: This floral festival takes place in late March or early April, even if the trees aren't in bloom yet. the Cherry Blossom. 5: Former Secretary of State for whom Washington, D.C. International Airport is named. John Foster Dulles. Round 3. Category: happy new year! 1: In 1998 November 1 is a Sunday; therefore, this date will be election day for Congress. November 3 (the 1st Tuesday after the 1st Monday). 2: Some believe 1998 signals the end of the world because 1998 is 3 times this number. 666. 3: May 14, 1998 marks the 50th anniversary of this nation's independence; Mazel Tov!. Israel. 4: This ex-president turns 74 on October 1, 1998. Jimmy Carter. 5: 1998 marks the centennial of this U.S. war. Spanish-American War. Round 4. Category: key stones 1: A small round glass toy; don't lose yours!. marble. 2: It's also the field of play in baseball. diamond. 3: Bamm Bamm's baby babe. Pebbles. 4: A Michigan city of 130,000 that you can use to start a fire. Flint. 5: A list of political candidates that when swept clean signifies a new beginning. slate. Round 5. Category: virginia woolf 1: Woolf was active in this cause which she wrote "roused in man an extraordinary desire for self-assertion". women's suffrage. 2: This gathering of artsy types that flourished between 1907 and 1930 sometimes met at Virginia's house. the Bloomsbury Group. 3: A 1931 novel ends with the line: these, also the novel's title, "Broke on the Shore". Waves. 4: This event claims the life of the title character of "Jacob's Room", as it did of millions of real-life young men. World War I. 5: First name of Virginia's husband; he survived her by 28 years. Leonard. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia! Special thanks to https://blog.feedspot.com/trivia_podcasts/

 The Left has been at war with the4 local police for two generations.  This is a speech from the 1970s by Alan Stang where he exposes the goal of the Left to destroy the local police and create a nation police force.   The author of more than a dozen books, his most famous are the Western Islands paperbacks It's Very Simple: The True Story of Civil Rights (1965) and The Actor: The True Story of John Foster Dulles (1968). In 1974, Western Islands published his first novel, The Highest Virtue.“Wherever he went, Alan was always a popular speaker,” recalled John McManus. Branching out into radio in the late 1970s, Alan's “The Alan Stang Report” brought five minutes of hard-hitting information and commentary to radio stations across the land. “He never pulled his punches,” said McManus “and the radio shows made him even more popular when he was on the speech circuit.” Stang later left the organization and its publications to become a free-lance writer and speaker. Please visit our website:  www.campconstitution.net 

 An early expose on the leftist takeover of the government schools.  This presentation was made at a youth camp in Durango, Colorado in 1973.    The author of more than a dozen books, his most famous are the Western Islands paperbacks It's Very Simple: The True Story of Civil Rights (1965) and The Actor: The True Story of John Foster Dulles (1968). In 1974, Western Islands published his first novel, The Highest Virtue.“Wherever he went, Alan was always a popular speaker,” recalled John McManus. Branching out into radio in the late 1970s, Alan's “The Alan Stang Report” brought five minutes of hard-hitting information and commentary to radio stations across the land. “He never pulled his punches,” said McManus “and the radio shows made him even more popular when he was on the speech circuit.” Stang later left the organization and its publications to become a free-lance writer and speaker. Please visit our website:  www.campconstitution.net 

In this episode Caleb talks with John Wilsey (PhD, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary) professor of church history and philosophy at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary about how to read history well and how to learn from imperfect voice of the past. What is history and why should we care about it? How do we listen to and learn from imperfect and sinful people without minimize their flaws or neglecting to look in the mirror of our own hearts to see our own fallenness and shortcomings? Books by Dr. John Wilsey God's Cold Warrior: The Life and Faith of John Foster Dulles: https://a.co/d/b4pjCOv American Exceptionalism and Civil Religion: Reassessing the History of an Idea: https://a.co/d/8v2mf0n One Nation Under God?: An Evangelical Critique of Christian America: https://a.co/d/cuz7pbn

John Foster Dulles represented the apex of liberal mainline Protestantism's influence on American power and policy.

Seriah hosts the continuation of the 2022 in Review Round Table with guests A.P Strange, Super Inframan, Red Pill Junkie, and Christopher Ernst. Topics include the late Professor Frank Drake and the Drake Equation, SETI, The 1997 film “Contact” (starring Jodie Foster, based on a novel by Carl Sagan), NASA's new announcement of its intention to investigate UAPs, President Jimmy Carter's attempts at greater UFO transparency, Jacques Vallee getting stone-walled by NASA, a potential space-race with China, “Superman IV”, Congressional hearings on UFOs, UAPs as foreign (human) intelligence and surveillance, former fighter pilot Lt. Ryan Graves, classified projects done by corporations, plausible deniability, the Wilson memo, congress creating a channel for UFO whistle-blowers, a delayed final report on UAP sightings in the military, the USS Nimitz and media ridicule, the Calvine UFO photo, Nick Pope, Professor Avi Loeb's search for a crashed extraterrestrial tech object in Papua New Guinea, the 1959 encounter with Rev. William Gill and high strangeness, NASA's successful deflection of an asteroid, denial of asteroid cataclysm, the Tunguska event in 1908 Russia and its fortunate placement, Charles Berlitz, Nikola Tesla, the Chicxulub asteroid impact in the Yucatan Peninsula, Blake Lemoine and alleged Google sentient AI, Cristóbal de las Casas and the souls of Indigenous people, the Ufological Tarot Deck project, comic artist Mark Gruenwald's cremation and ashes mixed into his final work, the partial release of JFK assassination documents, George H.W. Bush, John Foster Dulles, a humorous Aleister Crowley story, “Two Flat Earthers Kidnap a Freemason” and “Subjective Truth” podcasts, a tragic but bizarre story of a woman killed by an elephant, strange incidents of groups of animals walking in circles, unintended consequences of electronic waves, rising population, nuclear fusion, economic inequality, possible lunar and asteroid mining, “Ancient Apocalypse” and Graham Hancock, manipulation of information and theories by racists, biases in academia, geologist Robert M. Schoch, archeologist Virginia Steen-McIntyre's controversial work with ancient footprints in Mexico, and much more! This some wide-ranging, fascinating discussion!

Seriah hosts the continuation of the 2022 in Review Round Table with guests A.P Strange, Super Inframan, Red Pill Junkie, and Christopher Ernst. Topics include the late Professor Frank Drake and the Drake Equation, SETI, The 1997 film “Contact” (starring Jodie Foster, based on a novel by Carl Sagan), NASA's new announcement of its intention to investigate UAPs, President Jimmy Carter's attempts at greater UFO transparency, Jacques Vallee getting stone-walled by NASA, a potential space-race with China, “Superman IV”, Congressional hearings on UFOs, UAPs as foreign (human) intelligence and surveillance, former fighter pilot Lt. Ryan Graves, classified projects done by corporations, plausible deniability, the Wilson memo, congress creating a channel for UFO whistle-blowers, a delayed final report on UAP sightings in the military, the USS Nimitz and media ridicule, the Calvine UFO photo, Nick Pope, Professor Avi Loeb's search for a crashed extraterrestrial tech object in Papua New Guinea, the 1959 encounter with Rev. William Gill and high strangeness, NASA's successful deflection of an asteroid, denial of asteroid cataclysm, the Tunguska event in 1908 Russia and its fortunate placement, Charles Berlitz, Nikola Tesla, the Chicxulub asteroid impact in the Yucatan Peninsula, Blake Lemoine and alleged Google sentient AI, Cristóbal de las Casas and the souls of Indigenous people, the Ufological Tarot Deck project, comic artist Mark Gruenwald's cremation and ashes mixed into his final work, the partial release of JFK assassination documents, George H.W. Bush, John Foster Dulles, a humorous Aleister Crowley story, “Two Flat Earthers Kidnap a Freemason” and “Subjective Truth” podcasts, a tragic but bizarre story of a woman killed by an elephant, strange incidents of groups of animals walking in circles, unintended consequences of electronic waves, rising population, nuclear fusion, economic inequality, possible lunar and asteroid mining, “Ancient Apocalypse” and Graham Hancock, manipulation of information and theories by racists, biases in academia, geologist Robert M. Schoch, archeologist Virginia Steen-McIntyre's controversial work with ancient footprints in Mexico, and much more! This some wide-ranging, fascinating discussion! - Recap by Vincent Treewell of The Weird Part Podcast Outro Music is "Hollow" by New Animal Download

In this episode of the Explaining History Podcast, we dive into the story of the Dulles brothers and their impact on the Eisenhower administration in 1954. We explore the backgrounds of John Foster Dulles and Allen Dulles, their rise to power, and the key events of their tenure as Secretary of State and Director of the CIA, respectively. We discuss their role in shaping US foreign policy during the Cold War, including their involvement in the 1954 coup in Guatemala, and the Suez Crisis. We also examine the relationship between the Dulles brothers and President Eisenhower, and the influence they had on his administration.Key Takeaways:The Dulles brothers, John Foster and Allen, played a significant role in shaping US foreign policy during the Cold War.As Secretary of State and Director of the CIA, respectively, the brothers were involved in key events such as the 1954 coup in Guatemala and the Suez Crisis.The relationship between the Dulles brothers and President Eisenhower was complex, with the brothers often exerting significant influence on his administration.Discussion Questions:How did the Dulles brothers' backgrounds and experiences shape their approach to foreign policy?What were the major events of their tenure, and how did they impact US foreign policy?How did the Dulles brothers' influence on the Eisenhower administration compare to that of other advisors?Links and Further Reading:The Brothers: John Foster Dulles, Allen Dulles, and Their Secret World War by Stephen Kinzer"The Dulles Brothers and the Eisenhower Administration" by Peter Grose in Diplomatic History"The Dulles Brothers and the Cold War" by David Tal in International History ReviewMusic credit: "RetroFuture Clean" by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/explaininghistory. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In a 1956 interview, then President Dwight Eisenhower's Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles said: “The ability to get to the verge without getting into war is the necessary art. If you try to run away from it, if you are scared to go to the brink, you are lost.” I am not afraid to “get to the verge” however I suspect I fight some battles I don't need to. Perhaps a good dose of “the gentleness of wisdom” (James 3.13) will keep me from plummeting over the edge when I am on the brink of my next personal war.

We are on episode number 351, The 2022 National Security Strategy. Why are we talking about it on TCR? Pentagon is the world's biggest consumer of fossil fuels. Plus, the purpose of our military (arguably) is to preserve our unfair advantage on the world stage, whereby we can continue to consume 25% of the world's resources. Consumption takes a lot of fossil fuels and is therefore a major cause of global warming. War is a moral issue. Climate is a moral issue. War involves important questions about how we are governed and by whom we are governed. Climate involves important questions about how we are governed and by whom we are governed. In reading and commenting on this report … We should ask, how believable are the words we are reading? We should ask, what narrative is being supported? What are other countries around the world hearing and thinking when they hear or read these words? I'm going to take the position that These words Are completely disingenuous (insincere, duplicitous) Ahistorical (not rooted in fact) Threatening (because other countries know what they REALLY mean.) These words called the national defense strategy are not about defense. They are about aggression. A war of aggression is a capital crime. These words, called the national defense strategy, are not making the American people safer. They are creating a world that is much more dangerous for the American people. These words are designed to make money for the MIC and all of Wall Street, but they are not for the good of the American people or the people of the world. These words constitute high sounding rhetoric that masks a deeply violent country, a deeply violent government, a deeply violent foreign policy. These words are completely useless in addressing the real problems of Americans or people around the world. Consider these quotes: “Of all the enemies to public liberty war is, perhaps, the most to be dreaded, because it comprises and develops the germ of every other. War is the parent of armies; from these proceed debts and taxes; and armies, and debts, and taxes are the known instruments for bringing the many under the domination of the few … No nation could preserve its freedom in the midst of continual warfare.” —James Madison, 1795 The final phase of our national sickness is the disease of militarism…We are arrogant in professing to be concerned about the freedom of foreign nations while not setting our own house in order… No enemy has ever been able to cause such damage to us as we inflict upon ourselves. When machines and computers, profit motives and property rights are considered more important than people, the giant triplets of racism, economic exploitation, and militarism are incapable of being conquered. A civilization can flounder as readily in the face of moral bankruptcy as it can through financial bankruptcy. A nation that continues year after year to spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift is approaching spiritual death. --Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state. --Charter of the United Nations . “In order to bring a nation to support the burdens incident to maintaining great military establishments, it is necessary to create an emotional state akin to war psychology. There must be the portrayal of an external menace or of internal conditions rendered intolerable by the unjust restraints of foreign nations. This involves the development to a high degree of the nation-hero nation-villain ideology and the arousing of the population to a sense of the duty of sacrifice.” —John Foster Dulles

Översiktsserien fortsätter. Det kommer att handla om hur Eisenhower hanterar kalla kriget, massiv vedergällning, John Foster Dulles, avsluta Koreakriget, första stegen mot Vietnamkriget, Alaska och Hawaii blir delstater, Suezkrisen, chocken av sputnik och Lajka, hemliga CIA operationer och U2 krisen.    Glöm inte att prenumerera på podcasten! Ge den gärna betyg på iTunes! Följ podden på Facebook (facebook.com/stjarnbaneret), twitter (@stjarnbaneret) eller Instagram (@stjarnbaneret) Kontakt: stjarnbaneret@gmail.com

On this edition of Parallax Views, a previously unpublished conversation with John D. Wilsey, associate professor of church history at The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, Kentucky, about his book God's Cold Warrior: The Life and Faith of John Foster Dulles. In past episodes, John Foster Dulles and his brother Allen Dulles have been discussed critically for their role in 20th century U.S. foreign policy. John Foster Dulles served as a Secretary of State and his brother Allen Dulles was a Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Both were major figures in the Cold War and were crusaders against communism. Previous Parallax Views guests such as Andrew Bacevich, Greg Poulgrain, and, most notably, Stephen Kinzer, who wrote The Brothers: John Foster Dulles, Allen Dulles, and Their Secret World War: John Foster Dulles, Allen Dulles, and Their Secret World War, have all been extremely critical of the Dulles legacy. John D. Wilsey, although sharing many of those criticisms, was interested in examining John Foster Dulles from a different angle. Namely the role of Dulles' faith in his endeavors as a diplomat and Cold Warrior. Specifically, what was the influence of Protestant Christianity on John Foster Dulles? In this conversation we delve into the theological framework that informed the ways Dulles thoughts about diplomacy and his view that Soviet communism was an existential threat to the U.S. We delve into the ways in which diplomat George Kennan found Dulles' framework and the religious influence on it to be dangerous and Manichean in nature. We also look at the way in which Dulles believed that the Church would play an important role in the fight against Soviet communism. Other issues covered include moral law and Christianity, the early life of John Foster Dulles, Christian nationalism (a subject that Wilsey has written extensively on), the view of the Cold War as a Manichean battle between good and evil, the paradoxes and contradictions of Dulles' thought and diplomacy, Protestant liberalism, the Federal Council of Churches, WWII, the Cold War and the threat of nuclear annihilation, Dulles as product of his time, U.S. covert wars during the Cold War, comparing and contrasting Martin Luther King and John Foster Dulles (Wilsey devotes a whole chapter to this in his book American Exceptionalism and Civil Religion: Reassessing the History of an Idea), and much, much more. Those looking for a conversation about whether Dulles was right or wrong in his views may be disappointed by this conversation. Wilsey's book is ultimately a religious biography of Dulles rather than a critical look at his role in foreign policy. However, I believe it nonetheless sheds light on Dulles and his thinking regardless where one stands on his whether his influence on U.S. foreign policy was positive or negative.

A version of this essay was published by Swarajya magazine at https://swarajyamag.com/world/the-quad-will-china-dominate-the-indo-pacific-as-the-us-reverts-to-atlanticism-what-can-india-doA lot has happened in the last week or two: POTUS Biden’s visit to Japan for a Quad summit and related economic moves; China’s outreach to Pacific Islanders for security pacts; and the World Economic Forum pow-wow in Davos. In some sense, the Ukraine war and related disruptions have taken a back seat, even though related inflation and shortages are a long-term story. In my opinion, the Biden Administration is pursuing self-defeating policies as far as the Indo-Pacific is concerned. On the one hand, it may be because (as is the norm in India) one political party wants to undo whatever their rival had done when they were in power. On the other hand, there is a curious lack of historical memory about great-power games: the US seems to be either blase about, or reconciled to, Chinese domination of Asia/the Indo-Pacific. None of this is good as far as India is concerned. In a harsh analysis of India’s clashes on the Kashmir/Tibet border with China, two anonymous but trenchant critics suggest India has been defeated already: “China-India Border Crisis Has Quietly Resulted in Victory For Beijing’, based on the fact that the Chinese military buildup is well-nigh impossible for India to overcome.Thanks for reading Shadow Warrior! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support my work.Meanwhile, there is increasing criticism of American involvement in – indeed responsibility for – prolonging the Ukraine war, surprisingly from the pro-Democrat, pro-war pages of the New York Times: “The War in Ukraine May Be Impossible to Stop. And the US Deserves Most of the Blame.” A slightly dated (April 1) article on “The Military Situation in Ukraine” had already given a cogent explanation of how reality on the ground was vastly different from the narrative.What I fear is that Ukraine will become a quagmire for not only Russia, but also the US. As the NYT op-ed said, it’s not much of a leap from a proxy war to a secret war. The US is rather good at getting into unfortunate messes like this, and then having to declare victory and run like hell: see Vietnam or Afghanistan. Two brutal articles from Tablet magazine, “Three Big Questions That the American Establishment Got Wrong” and “Wingnuts vs. Factions: The two theories of American government—one fantasy, one reality” purport to show how making bad, often really bad, decisions is par for the course for US administrations, in particular Democrats. All this presages the possibility that Ukraine will be a tar baby for the US and its NATO allies, and a drain on their national treasuries. It also means that their national attention will be riveted on Russia and Ukraine for the foreseeable future, leaving China free to run rampant in Asia. Democratic Party power brokers are anyway Atlanticists fighting the Cold War all over again. Let us, therefore, consider the Indo-Pacific from a perspective where the US is increasingly hors de combat. There is this theory of the “three island chains” in the Pacific as first propounded by American John Foster Dulles, according to CSIS.org, which further states that today we have to add two more island chains in the Indian Ocean. John Foster Dulles is attributed with designating the islands stretching from the Kurils, the Japanese home islands, and the Ryukyus to Taiwan, the Philippines, and Indonesia as the “first island chain” in the 1950s. The second chain stretches from Japan through the Marianas and Micronesia, and the third is centered on Hawaii...The addition of a fourth and fifth chain in the Indian Ocean would better describe emerging Chinese maritime strategy. Chinese naval planners hope to deny adversaries the ability to operate within the first island chain during a conflict, contest control of the second island chain, and operate as a blue water navy within the third island chain. A new fourth island chain through the middle of the Indian Ocean would reflect China’s ability to challenge its geostrategic neighbor India with dual-use facilities in Gwadar, Pakistan, and Hambantota, Sri Lanka. A fifth island Chain, originating from China’s base at Doraleh, Djibouti, would reflect Beijing’s ability to pursue its developing commitments afar, such as harnessing economic resources, conducting anti-piracy operations, and protecting Chinese living abroad. [emphasis added]This is alarming, as the ‘fourth island chain’ is basically the ‘String of Pearls’ intended to strangle India and tie it down in the so-called ‘South Asia’, by negating its undoubted geographic advantage of straddling the sea lanes in the Indian Ocean. The Chinese submarine pen at Hainan in the South China Sea, with easy access to the Indian Ocean via the Straits of Malacca, is already a threat to Indian interests and blue-water navy aspirations. In addition, China is currently in the middle of a furious ship-building frenzy, so they will also have surface ships, including aircraft carriers, capable of projecting force a long way into the Indian Ocean. Just as they have done in the Himalayas, and the South China Sea, China is using ‘below-the-threshold of war’ tactics to build up its capability until one day its foes are forced to submit. Degringolade.POTUS Biden has made it clear that his administration has very little interest in Asia. He made three trips to Europe before his very first trip to Asia: a quick visit to Japan (and South Korea), where he attended a meeting of the Quad and a coming-out party for the newest American-mooted economic proposal, the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework. This seems to be too little, too late, after the US exited the Trans-Pacific Partnership.The IPEF also seems like a face-saving measure, and it is increasingly evident that Biden’s alleged new enthusiasm for Asia is as empty as earlier POTUS Obama’s botched ‘pivot to Asia’, which was a lot of hot air with no substance. I also remember with fury Obama’s granting of hegemony over ‘South Asia’ to China: like the Pope once divided the world between Portugal and Spain. As though Obama were dispensing papal bulls. As Indian geostrategist Brahma Chellaney suggests on Nikkei Asia in “Biden’s empty Taiwan rhetoric reveals Quad’s core weakness”, Biden’s statement about US military support for Taiwan in case of a Chinese invasion may be mere bravado. There are two reasons. The first is that, as Biden’s minions clarified after his alleged gaffe, US military involvement is not within the scope of US agreements with Taiwan and/or China, which maintain the fiction of “One China”. The second is that, given its diminished industrial capacity (China has hollowed it out), the US cannot fight two major wars at once: Ukraine and Taiwan. To emphasize their disdain for the alleged ‘pivot’, the Chinese sent strategic nuclear bombers towards Japan while Biden was there, accompanied by Russian bombers. As I write this, China has just sent 30 warplanes into Taiwan’s air defense zone. The signals are clear: they threaten to invade Taiwan. Thank you for reading Shadow Warrior. This post is public so feel free to share it.In the meantime, China is attempting to expand its footprint in the Indo-Pacific. It scored a coup with the Solomon Islands where it signed a wide-ranging agreement. According to a podcast from The Economist, a leaked draft shows that the agreement allows Chinese police and soldiers to be deployed in the Solomons for a broad range of reasons. It stops short of setting up a military base, but only just.Beyond this, Chinese FM Wang Yi had a blitzkrieg in the Pacific, visiting 8 island nations over 10 days, and on May 30th, he signed agreements in Fiji with a consortium of 10 of them. A draft talked about trade, tourism, security, training of police, forensic labs, and cyber-security, according to The Economist podcast Base Motives? China in the Pacific.The entire Belt and Road Initiative was a covert effort to gain access to ports, and turn them into Chinese military bases (although it has stalled a little now because of its predatory debt-trap diplomacy side-effects, as best seen in Sri Lanka). Beyond Djibouti in 2017, Gwadar and Hambantota, there are others like Cambodia’s Ream military base where China has facilities.China is also quite likely causing the sharp spike in global food prices. Economist Shamika Ravi tweeted as follows, and this is a good reason why India did a U-turn on wheat exports: instead of enabling Chinese proxies to buy it up, India will only do government to government deals. Thus the picture is of a diffident America shuffling off into Atlanticist and Anglosphere dead-ends like AUKUS (Britain brings almost nothing to the picture in the Indo-Pacific), while a more confident China is expanding its reach. Its saber rattling threatens Taiwan immediately, and India, Japan and South Korea more indirectly. The context of the Quad is also a far cry from what Abe Shinzo first envisaged as a tight military and economic alliance. It is pretty much a mere talking-shop. For instance, it is clear that none of Australia, Japan, or the US will send a single soldier to fight China on India’s behalf on the Kashmir/Tibet border. The creation of AUKUS (there are rumors about JAUKUS with Japan and CAUKUS with Canada as well) basically means India is being left out in the cold. Again. It has to depend on itself. Atmnirbharata. There is talk of a Quad-Plus, including South Korea and New Zealand. But not Vietnam and Indonesia, which are more significant? New Zealand, especially under woke Jacinda Ardern, is marginal; in fact Australia is also of little interest in the Indian Ocean. There is also political instability in Australia: Scott Morrison was replaced by Anthony Albanese overnight.I can remember at least five-six Australian PMs in the recent past, including die-hard Sinophile Kevin Rudd. How can you have continuity in such a situation? How can anybody depend on Australia to deliver on Quad? Similarly, Japanese PM Kishida Fumio is a far cry from the sensibly militaristic and nationalist Abe Shinzo. In the US, the switch from Donald Trump to Joe Biden has meant chaos regarding the Indo-Pacific. And after this November’s elections, it is likely that Biden will be a lame duck: his approval numbers keep hitting new lows, and hostile Republicans are likely to take over the Senate, leading to a war of attrition: bad news for foreign policy.In the middle of all this political turmoil, it is hard to imagine that the Quad is going to get better.Meanwhile, the developed nations of the West are merrily carrying on with their old agenda as in the Davos shindig, as though there is no end in sight for the party. Rana Foroohar of the Financial Times sounded a warning, as if one were necessary in the wake of the carnage of stock market crashes and soaring inflation. But no, laissez les bon temps rouler! Let the good times roll!And that’s exactly what India is up against. The rest of the world (with the possible exception of Japan) does not care. India has to assume it can only depend on itself, Quad or no Quad. It has to build up its military and economic muscle, and industrialize while keeping a low profile. The Thucydides Trap is a likely scenario, and presumably it will exhaust both the protagonists, leaving the door open for India to ascend to the G3 and then to the G1.1850 words, June 1, 2022 This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit rajeevsrinivasan.substack.com

Editor R. R. Reno is joined by Michael Doran to talk about his article from the May 2018 print edition, “The Theology of Foreign Policy.” They discuss the connection between liberal internationalism and theological modernism, the significance of John Foster Dulles, and the ongoing war in Ukraine.

In the first of a multi-episode series on the Intelligence wing of the Military Industrial Complex, more specifically, the CIA. Michelle and David start by setting the stage with the Dulles brothers and their full impact on the intelligence community. All resources are listed below.    Support the Expiration Date Podcast by being a Patreon member at https://www.patreon.com/ExpirationDate    Follow Expiration Date on Twitter @ExpirationPod   Three part series on the Dulles Brothers:  https://open.spotify.com/episode/1ragK8hvmjCMyRPRfUCjhX?si=UPPrLYXATh24zUTNf22Q_A&utm_source=copy-link   https://open.spotify.com/episode/3QSkENg5zGjzW6fIfVN41y?si=EZMxXjICR-2AgJueTaqUAw&utm_source=copy-link   https://open.spotify.com/episode/0qTd9nrbfedW1bfhyJUpFR?si=gsOC75P4SmaNgMVkqm-b9g&utm_source=copy-link   The Devil's Chessboard by David Talbot https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24723229-the-devil-s-chessboard   The Brothers: John Foster Dulles, Allen Dulles & Their Secret World War by Stephen Kinzer https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17286725-the-brothers   Family of Secrets: The Bush Dynasty, the Powerful Forces That Put it in the White House & What Their Influence Means for America by Russ Baker   https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/4274612-family-of-secrets   Misc Resources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Dulles   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overthrow_of_the_Hawaiian_Kingdom   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Lansing   https://www.history.com/news/how-the-sinking-of-lusitania-changed-wwi

On this episode, Lera and Sergio speak with Douglas Selvage at the Humboldt University of Berlin about his research on the disinformation cooperation between KGB and STASI during the Cold War and specifically the work of Operation "Denver" in the 1980s. Dr. Selvage talks of how these same Cold War propaganda tactics are nearly verbatim recycled today in Putin's war of aggression in Ukraine. For his recent article, as mentioned in this episode, visit: https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/moscow-bioweapons-and-ukraine-cold-war-active-measures-putins-war-propaganda. ABOUT THE GUEST Dr. Douglas Selvage is a Research Associate (wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter) at the Institute for History of the Humboldt University in Berlin. He prevously served as acting director for the historical research project, “The GDR, the Ministry for State Security, and the CSCE Process, 1973-1989,” in the Education and Research Division of the Office of the Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records in Berlin. He has published widely on the CSCE process, Polish-German relations under communism, and the history of the Soviet bloc. Previously, he also directed a grant project funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities to translate Warsaw Pact documents into English for the Parallel History Project (PHP) on Collective Security. From 2001-2006, he worked at the Historian's Office of the U.S. Department of State, where his publications included Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969-1976: European Security, 1969-76, and a co-edited joint publication with the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Soviet-American Relations: The Détente Years, 1969-1972. PRODUCER'S NOTE: This episode was recorded on October 10th, 2021 and April 28th, 2022 via Zoom. If you have questions, comments, or would like to be a guest on the show, please email slavxradio@utexas.edu and we will be in touch! CREDITS Associate Producer/Host: Lera Toropin (@earlportion) Assistant Producer/Host: Sergio Glajar Assistant Producer: Misha Simanovskyy (@MSimanovskyy) Associate Producer: Cullan Bendig (@cullanwithana) Assistant Producer: Zach Johnson Assistant Producer: Taylor Ham Executive Assistant: Katherine Birch Recording, Editing, and Sound Design: Michelle Daniel Music Producer: Charlie Harper (Connect: facebook.com/charlie.harper.1485 Instagram: @charlieharpermusic) www.charlieharpermusic.com (Main Theme by Charlie Harper and additional background music by Holizna, Tea K Pea, Uncan, TAG) Executive Producer & Creator: Michelle Daniel (Connect: facebook.com/mdanielgeraci Instagram: @michelledaniel86) DISCLAIMER: Texas Podcast Network is brought to you by The University of Texas at Austin. Podcasts are produced by faculty members and staffers at UT Austin who work with University Communications to craft content that adheres to journalistic best practices. The University of Texas at Austin offers these podcasts at no charge. Podcasts appearing on the network and this webpage represent the views of the hosts, not of The University of Texas at Austin. https://files.fireside.fm/file/fireside-uploads/images/9/9a59b135-7876-4254-b600-3839b3aa3ab1/P1EKcswq.png Special Guest: Douglas Selvage.

Kyle Worley is joined by Dr. John Wilsey to answer the question what is Civil Religion?Questions Covered in This Episode:What is Civil Religion?Is Civil Religion unavoidable?Is it good or bad as it pertains to the Christian Story and meaningful participation in it?How is Civil Religion different from Christian Nationalism?Guest Bio:Dr. John Wilsey is Associate Professor of Church History and Philosophy at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary and the author of One Nation Under God: An Evangelical Critique of Christian America and American Exceptionalism and Civil Religion: Reassessing the History of an Idea, and the recently released God's Cold Warrior: The Life and Faith of John Foster Dulles.Helpful Definitions:Civil Religion: A set of practices, symbols, and beliefs distinct from traditional religion yet providing a universal values paradigm around which the citizenry can unite.Resources Mentioned in This Episode:“American Exceptionalism and Civil Religion” By John WilseyAmazon affiliate links are used where appropriate. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases, thank you for supporting Knowing Faith.Sponsors:Explore the Southern Seminary degree programs designed to equip you be more effective in full-time ministry or as a lay leader: SBTS.EDU/EXPLOREFollow Us:Twitter | Instagram | Facebook | WebsiteSupport Knowing Faith and Become a Patron:patreon.com/knowingfaith

Abba Eban, embajador de Israel en Estados Unidos, y John Foster Dulles, secretario de Estado de Estados Unidos, iniciaron la negociación internacional para que Estados Unidos le vendiera a Israel armas y municiones por 50 millones de dólares; en respuesta a un acuerdo de armas de 80 millones de dólares alcanzado entre la Unión Soviética y Egipto. La reunión no produjo ningún compromiso más allá de la intención de continuar las discusiones en una fecha futura. El argumento principal de Eban fue enfatizar la importancia estratégica de Israel en la Guerra Fría. El Medio Oriente fue un importante campo de batalla ideológico en la rivalidad entre Estados Unidos y la Unión Soviética; en parte como resultado de los esfuerzos de Eban y de David Ben-Gurion, Estados Unidos emergió como el principal proveedor de armas de Israel después de la guerra de 1967.

Dagens PS kunde den 13 November 2013 rapportera om hur inkassoföretaget Lindorff inte betalat ett öre i svensk bolagsskatt sedan Investor gick in som delägare år 2008. Trots att det totala rörelseresultat 2009-2012 uppgick till drygt 800 miljoner kronor. Även Gambro har enligt SvD effektivt lyckats undvika skatt under tiden som Investor varit ägare. Bolaget köptes ut från börsen år 2006 tillsammans med riskkapitalbolaget EQT. ”Det finns fortfarande andra värden än skatt som ett bolag bidrar med. Det är bland annat sociala kostnader och arbetstillfällen”, säger Johan Bygge, verksamhetschef på EQT och före detta finanschef på Investor, till tidningen. Investor skriver på sin webbsida att bolaget ”strävar efter att vara en god samhällsaktör”. ”Vår ambition och vårt ansvar innefattar en rad områden, såsom miljö, mänskliga rättigheter och arbetsvillkor. Det inkluderar även ett åtagande och ansvar att bidra till samhället i stort. I snart 100 år har vi agerat som ett ansvarsfullt företag och ägare”, skriver investmentbolaget. Investors vd Börje Ekholm lägger locket på men kommunikationschefen Stefan Stern skriver i ett mail till SvD-redaktionen att Investor bara följer lagen. ”Investor verkar alltid inom de ramar som fastställs av riksdag och regering”, säger Stern, som tidigare var vice partisekreterare hos Socialdemokraterna. SvD Näringslivs reporter Jacob Bursell konstaterar att Investor å ena sidan ägnar sig åt både CSR och hållbarhetsredovisning. Å andra sidan har bolaget, som Bursell uttrycker det, ”förvandlat Blaiseholmen till ett skatteparadis i klass med Guernsey”. ”Så länge bolaget gör ett nummer av att vilja bidra till samhället i stort, förblir det en öppen fråga om det är långsiktigt begåvat”, skriver han. Bananrepublik: Bananrepublik är en informell nedsättande benämning på land som uppfyller flera av följande kriterier: * Beläget i tredje världen, ofta i Latinamerika, * Beroende av en enda exportvara, eller ett fåtal, i allmänhet en jordbruksprodukt * Mer eller mindre korrumperad regering, ofta en militärjunta * Omfattande ekonomiskt och politiskt inflytande från utländska stater och/eller företag * Låg levnadsstandard för majoriteten av folket. Den ursprungliga bananrepubliken var Honduras. Termen myntades 1904 av humoristen O. Henry. Bananer har att göra med United Fruit Company, som var ett amerikanskt företag med politiskt inflytande främst i Centralamerika. Att företaget hade advokatfirman Sullivan & Cromwell och ingen mindre än John Foster Dulles som företrädare och som specialierat sig på kolonialväldesjuridik kan ju vara värt att nämna i sammanhanget... Det var väl för övrigt samma advokat som företrädde Wallenberg i Boschaffärsskandalen efter andra världskriget? När plundring blir till en livsstil för en grupp individer inom ramen för ett samhälle, skapar de med tiden åt sig själva ett rättssystem som auktoriserar det och en moralisk kod som glorifierar det. //Frédéric Bastiat #CarlNorberg #DeFria #RealNews De Fria är en folkrörelse som jobbar för demokrati genom en upplyst och medveten befolkning! Stöd oss: SWISH: 070 - 621 19 92 (mottagare Sofia S) PATREON: https://patreon.com/defria_se HEMSIDA: https://defria.se FACEBOOK: https://facebook.com/defria.se

So we're gonna get into something a bit different this week. Not really truecrime, not unsolved, but definitely crazy. This is another one we got from a listener that we had no clue ever happened. While the official death toll of this incident is usually put at around 45, some estimates say it could be up to 2000. Those bodies are said to either have been dumped in the sea or buried in mass graves. So what was the incident about you ask? Well, long story very short… Bananas. We're gonna dive into what is simply known as the Banana massacre,  a crazy tale of a government squashing a banana strike with excessive force and what came after. Buckle up guys, here we go!   Before we start, I want to acknowledge the great sources of info for this episode. 90% of the information on this week's episode came from two amazing sources that had tons of info that we couldn't find anywhere else. First a paper by Jorge Enrique Elias Caro and Antonino Vidal Ortega on the website scielo.org was our source for the actual massacre info while an article called Rotten Fruit by Peter Chapman on the Financial Times website was our source for the company history.  So, let's start by talking about a fruit company. United Fruit company to be exact. United Fruit began life in the 1870s when Minor Cooper Keith, a wealthy young New Yorker, started growing bananas as a business sideline, alongside a railway line he was building in Costa Rica. Both ventures took off, and by 1890 he was married to the daughter of a former president of Costa Rica and owned vast banana plantations on land given to him by the state. The bananas were shipped to New Orleans and Boston, where demand soon began to outstrip supply.Keith teamed up with Andrew Preston, a Boston importer, and in 1899 they formed United Fruit. Bananas sold well for their tropical cachet: they were exotic, a luxury only affordable to the rich. But the rapidly rising output of United Fruit's plantations brought down prices. The company created a mass market in the industrial cities of the US north-east and Midwest. The once bourgeois banana became positively proletarian.   By the 1920s, United Fruit's empire had spread across Central America. It also included Jamaica, Cuba and the Dominican Republic. In South America the company owned chunks of Colombia and Ecuador. It came to dominate the European as well as the US banana markets with the help of its Great White Fleet of 100 refrigerated ships, the largest private navy in the world.   There are more than 300 varieties of banana, but United Fruit grew only one: the Gros Michel or ”Big Mike”. This variety suited most tastes; it was not too big or too small, too yellow or too sweet - if anything, it was a little bland. This was the forerunner of the transnational products we have today.           But mass production took its toll. In 1903, disease hit United Fruit's plantations in Panama. An array of pathogens kept up the attack, and the banana was discovered to have a genetic weakness. Its seeds are ill equipped for reproduction, so growers take cuttings from one plant to create another. The banana is a clone, with each inbred generation less resilient.    Although the banana was diseased, United Fruit marketed it as a product that exemplified good health. Banana diseases did not affect humans, and the fruit was said to be the cure for many ills: obesity, blood pressure, constipation - even depression. In 1929, United Fruit set up its own ”education department”, which supplied US schools with teaching kits extolling the benefits of the banana and the good works of the company. Meanwhile, United Fruit's ”home economics” department showered housewives with banana recipes.   One of United Fruit's most successful advertising campaigns began in 1944, designed to boost the banana's profile after its scarcity during the war. It featured Senorita Chiquita Banana, a cartoon banana who danced and sang in an exuberant Latin style. Senorita Chiquita bore a close resemblance to Carmen Miranda, the Brazilian entertainer who, in her ”tutti-frutti” hat, wowed Hollywood at the time. Sales soon regained prewar levels.   By the 1960s, the banana had become an inseparable accompaniment to the morning cereal of most American children. And today, in countries such as the US and Britain, it has ousted the apple as the most popular fruit. In the UK, figures indicate that more than 95 per cent of households buy bananas each week, and that more money is spent on them than on any other supermarket item, apart from petrol and lottery tickets.    Soooo sounds like a pretty typical big business rise to power by providing a wholesome treat to the people right? Wrong… There was more going on than almost everybody knew.    Over the years, United Fruit fought hard for low taxes and light regulation. By the beginning of the 20th century, troublesome anti-trust laws had been passed in the US to crack down on business behaviour such as price-fixing and other monopolistic practices. Taxes on large corporations were increased to fund welfare benefits in the US and fully fledged welfare states in Europe. But, with a centre of operations far from the lawmakers of Washington DC, United Fruit largely avoided all this.   The company also gained a reputation as being ruthless when crossed, and acted to remove governments that did not comply with its wishes. United Fruit had first shown its tough nature in the invasion of Honduras in 1911, which was planned by Sam ”The Banana Man” Zemurray, a business partner of United Fruit who later headed the company. Efforts by Zemurray and United Fruit to set up production in Honduras had been blocked by the Honduran government, which was fearful of the power it might wield. United Fruit was not so easily deterred. Zemurray financed an invasion, led by such enterprising types as ”General” (self-appointed) Lee Christmas and freelance trouble-shooter Guy ”Machine Gun” Molony. Thanks to United Fruit, many more exercises in ”regime change” were carried out in the name of the banana.   In 1941, the company hired a new consultant, Sigmund Freud's nephew, Edward Bernays, who had adapted the early disciplines of psychoanalysis to the marketplace. Bernays is known as the ”father of public relations” following his seminal 1928 book, Propaganda, in which he argued that it was the duty of the ”intelligent minority” of society to manipulate the unthinking ”group mind”. This, Bernays asserted, was for the sake of freedom and democracy.   United Fruit had become concerned about its image. In Central America, it was commonly known as el pulpo (the octopus) - its tentacles everywhere. In the US, United Fruit's territories were seen as troubled and forbidding. Under Bernays' guidance, the company began issuing a steady flow of information to the media about its work, rebranding the region as ”Middle America”.   America”.   In 1954, Bernays exercised his manipulative powers to get rid of the Guatemalan government. Democratically elected, it had taken some of United Fruit's large areas of unused land to give to peasant farmers. Bernays' response was to call newspaper contacts who might be amenable to the company view. Journalists were sent on ”fact finding” missions to Central America and, in particular, Guatemala, where they chased false stories of gunfire and bombs. In dispatches home, Guatemala became a place gripped by ”communist terror”.   The company looked, too, to friends in high places, both in the corridors of power and in the offices where the big decisions were made. During the Guatemalan crisis, John Foster Dulles, one of the world's most esteemed statesmen, was secretary of state. His brother, Allen Dulles, was head of the CIA. Both were former legal advisers to United Fruit. Together, the Dulles brothers orchestrated the coup that overthrew Guatemala's government in 1954.   Despite its ugly reputation, United Fruit often made philanthropic gestures.  Eli Black, chief executive of the United Fruit Company, played a part in coining the term ”corporate social responsibility” when, in reference to earthquake relief sent to Nicaragua in 1972, he extolled the company's deeds as ”our social responsibility”.  And in the 1930s, Sam Zemurray donated part of his fortune to a children's clinic in New Orleans. He later gave $1m to the city's Tulane University to finance ”Middle American'' research; he also funded a Harvard professorship for women. Philanthropy, however, did not prevent United Fruit's abuses, and, in the 1950s, the US government decided it had to act. The company's activities had caused such anti-US feeling in Latin America that leftwing revolutionaries such as Fidel Castro and Che Guevara had prospered. And so Washington began to take away some of United Fruit's land.   Ironically, Castro had benefited from the presence of United Fruit in Cuba. His father, a sugar planter, leased land from the company, and had made enough money to afford a good upbringing for his children. Guevara had fought both United Fruit and the CIA during the Guatemalan coup; he maintained thereafter that Latin America had no choice but ”armed struggle”. At New Year 1959, Castro and Guevara seized power in Cuba and kicked out the US-supported regime of Fulgencio Batista.   Like an ailing dictator, United Fruit lashed out - and nearly took the world with it. In 1961, it lent part of its Great White Fleet to the CIA and Cuban exiles in the US who were plotting to overthrow Castro. When the Bay of Pigs invasion failed, Castro, fearing another attack, ushered in armaments from the Soviet Union, prompting the missile crisis of 1962.   United Fruit battled on through the 1960s, its product ever more the victim of disease. Big Mike flagged, died and gave way to the dessert banana most of the developed world eats today, the Cavendish. It was said to be ”disease resistant”. Now that's dying, too.   Eli Black took over the company in 1970, imagining he could turn it back into the colossus it once was. The early 1970s, however, were a terrible period for the image of multinational corporations. Chief among them, oil companies made huge profits from the crisis after the 1973 Middle East war, to the inflationary ruin of rich and poor countries alike. United Fruit became an embarrassment. It was weak where others, such as the oil moguls, remained strong. When its stock market value crashed and regulators moved in, it looked like natural selection.   Early on Monday February 3 1975, a man threw himself out of his office window, 44 floors above Park Avenue, New York. He had used his briefcase to smash the window, and then thrown it out before he leapt, scattering papers for blocks around. Glass fell on to the rush-hour traffic, but amazingly no one else was hurt. The body landed away from the road, near a postal service office. Postmen helped emergency workers clear up the mess so the day's business could carry on.    This jumper was quickly identified as Eli Black, chief executive of the United Fruit Company.   It emerged that Black, a devout family man, had bribed the Honduran president, Oswaldo Lopez Arellano, with $1.25m to encourage him to pull out of a banana cartel which opposed United Fruit. The story was about to come out in the US press. United Fruit's Central American plantations were also struggling with hurricane damage and a new banana disease. Facing disgrace and failure, Black took his own life. His death was shocking, not least because he had the reputation of a highly moral man. Wall Street was outraged, the company's shares crashed and regulators seized its books to prevent ”its further violation of the law”. The company subsequently disappeared from public view and was seemingly erased from the collective mind.   After the fall of the Berlin Wall, in 1989, in a born-again spirit of globalisation, the world's main banana companies picked up the free-market banner once carried by United Fruit. The companies - Chiquita, Del Monte and Dole from the US, and Noboa from Ecuador - did not have anything like the force of United Fruit individually, but they were still a formidable presence. Together they were known to their critics, if not to themselves, as the ”Wild Bunch”.   In the 1990s, the US took its case to the World Trade Organisation, the new high court of globalisation. The companies protested that west European countries unfairly protected the producers of so-called ”Fairtrade” bananas in former European colonies through a complex system of quotas and licences. The Wild Bunch characterised this as revamped colonialism and outmoded welfare state-ism and, instead, promoted their own ”Free Trade” bananas.   In the new millennium, after what had become a general trade war, the Europeans backed down and agreed to concessions. They did so with some rancour, protesting that Washington had again allowed itself to be manipulated by narrow interests. Some spoke of a return of the ”old and dark forces”. They were thinking of United Fruit.   Ok so that's kind of a basic history of United Fruit company to get us going in the right direction to talk about one of the most brutal things they carried out on their workers. You've seen the connection they had and the power they had.. Pretty nuts for a fucking banana company.    On the evening of October 5, 1928, the delegates for Colombia's banana workers in Magdalena gathered to discuss their grievances. Among their concerns were their long hours and low pay; one worker, Aristides López Rojano, remembered: “We worked from six in the morning until eleven and then from one in the afternoon until six.... The contractor paid the salary and reserved up to thirty percent for himself.” Erasmo Coronel (the one wearing the bowtie in the group portrait) spoke in favor of a strike, and the others agreed. At around five in the morning on October 6, 1928, the workers issued the United Fruit Company a list of nine demands.   Stop their practice of hiring through sub-contractors   Mandatory collective insurance   Compensation for work accidents   Hygienic dormitories and 6 day work weeks   Increase in daily pay for workers who earned less than 100 pesos per month   Weekly wage   Abolition of office stores   Abolition of payment through coupons rather than money   Improvement of hospital services   The strike turned into the largest labor movement ever witnessed in the country until then. Radical members of the Liberal Party, as well as members of the Socialist and Communist Parties, participated.   The workers wanted to be recognized as employees, and demanded the implementation of the Colombian legal framework of the 1920s.   After U.S. officials in Colombia and United Fruit representatives portrayed the workers' strike as "communist" with a "subversive tendency" in telegrams to Frank B. Kellogg, the United States Secretary of State, the United States government threatened to invade with the U.S. Marine Corps if the Colombian government did not act to protect United Fruit's interests. The Colombian government was also compelled to work for the interests of the company, considering they could cut off trade of Colombian bananas with significant markets such as the United States and Europe.   As there was no agreement the Government militarized the zone. The newspaper "La Prensa" published the following:   "MORE TROOPS FOR THE BANANERA REGION. We have been informed that the leaving of the Commissioner sent by the Industry Ministry due to the existing conflict between the workers and the company has turned the situation critical. For this reason, the War Ministry ordered the concentration of more troops in Ciénaga. Therefore, yesterday night, a numerous contingent was dispatched from here on a special ship"   By the end of November the Magdalena Agriculture Society tried to find a solution to the situation. They named a Commission and along with the Chief of the Work Office and the workers' delegates would have a meeting with the UFC since the conflict was affecting everyone's interests. The multinational rejected meeting the Commission stating that the workers were out of the law. The representatives of the workers left for Ciénaga with the aim of convincing their fellow workers to abandon the region. They also demanded the arbitration as a last legal resort.   Social Party (PSR) founded in 1927 in Bogotá. The strike was also supported by the national and departmental union leaders ascribed to the Magdalena Workers Federation, the Magdalena Worker Union and the General Union of Workers of the Union Society (popularly known as the Yellow Union which integrated railway, port and construction workers of Santa Marta).   The first week of December everything was at a standstill, without a solution. The company hired a steamboat and brought 200 military men and took over the town hall without the mayor's authorization. To this respect the Ciénaga newspaper "Diario del Córdoba" noted:   "We do not know who ordered changing the town house into a campsite of troops, but we are certain that the municipality spokesman was not consulted for this illegal occupation. He would have certainly opposed it since there was no alteration of public order according to the norms in force. We see that the procedures here are "manu militari", without any consideration under the obvious alarm of these peoples, panic in society and business."   Military roadblocks were displayed. Trains were searched and the army prevented strikers from using them33. Tension increased and temporary workers started to return to their hometowns. Military pressure blocked the communication systems and the mail, telephones, telegraph and even the press stopped working. The strikers seized the train from Ciénaga to the plantations and they prevented its exit during the day.   On December 3rd, the press was conscious of the extreme situation: The situation of the Banana Strike is worse than ever. Especially because of the uneasiness caused by the Governor's Office for having called the Army. Any kind of meeting was banned, as it was assumed that they questioned the state legitimacy and stability and the government decisions. This measure outraged workers, because some detentions took place in Ciénaga and they were justified by the police since some documents of an apparently communist campaign were confiscated.   From this moment on, American Diplomats started to worry for the security of the American employees up to the point that the Government of the United States sent a ship to Santa Marta for the protection of their citizens as was stated by the US ambassador in Bogotá. He made clear that it was not a war cruise. Anyhow, it was possible to confirm that in the ports of Ciénaga and Santa Marta war ships docked with the aim of reinforcing troops.    To break the strike, on December 2nd, a military contingent of 300 men arrived in Ciénaga from the interior of the country. The major of the zone considered that these soldiers would be better at facing the situation than those native of the region. At the same time that same day some municipalities protested against the disposition of the governor's office. The workers exodus continued, the general situation of commerce aggravated, many commercial houses closed and some of them stopped paying their debts alleging the scarce security conditions and low sales. Similarly occurred with the stores of the UFC which closed due to lack of business activity. There was a total lack of supplies of basic products in the banana zone.   With the excuse that in Ciénaga the strikers were committing all kinds of outrages, the army seized the train to mobilize troops to the different towns, preventing normal circulation; this information proved false and the train returned to Cienaga during the first hours of the next day. The community remained isolated and without the possibility to use the train as a transportation means. The train was used by the militaries for the surveillance of plantations.   A State of Siege declaration was expected and this increased tension among strikers who organized collective bodies in different locations to prevent the work of producers. Detentions continued. The train detention by the military and the impossibility to take bananas out due to the positions of the strikers and small landowners, the harvested fruit began to rot.   The Workers Union used the newspaper Vanguardia Obrera and other pasquinades to inform about their position and to keep public opinion updated. On December 5th, alleging that the strikers had managed to get weapons, the government decreed the State of Siege. This was not made public to the workers and for this reason they became more exacerbated.   A pressure mechanism used to obtain the support of merchants was the fact of creating solidarity to boycott the public market stores and other commercial firms if the transaction was not authorized by the Workers Union. This way, merchants could not sell if they did not have the "permission". To accomplish this policy the union had 5.000 workers acting as vigilantes. This situation led the UFC to ask the government if the State was in condition to protect its interests. The State response was dubious. In its effort to reach an equilibrium between the pressure of the company and that of the workers, it submitted a communication where it stated that it would analyse the situation and would take the corresponding steps.   The workers' unrest for not feeling the State support led them to radicalization of their protest and since that moment, seizures of banana farms took place in different municipalities. There were confrontations between land owners, the military and the workers. It is worth mentioning the events in Sevilla, where workers detained a group of soldiers.   As the tension increased with this last event the Ministry Council declared general alteration of public order on December 5th, and gave special faculties to Minister Arrazola to act as a mediator between the parties and positioned General Cortés Vargas as Civil and Military Chief. This intervention was justified by the economic losses of the socio-economic and political system of the nation because it had been estimated that up to that moment the losses exceeded one million dollars and given the fact that the fierce position of the workers had stopped communications and transportations and even there had been seizures in several localities and there was fear concerning the situation of Santa Marta.   The government sent information to the United Press as follows: "The government has decreed the State of Siege in the Province of Santa Marta where the workers of the United Fruit Company maintain a strike lasting several days. General Carlos Cortés Vargas has been appointed Civil and Military Chief". On the other hand, the national press and especially that of the capital announced: " there has never been a longer and more numerous strike in the country than this of the workers of Magdalena. Thirty-two thousand workers have been in total inactivity for more than thirty days in the banana region, there are no signs that this situation will have a favourable solution"   Events reached their peak in Ciénaga. The workers had concentrated for a pacific demonstration in the evening of the 5th of December. The Governor Nuñez Roca decreed the dispersion of the demonstration. The workers did not receive this well; they declared that authorities had taken this decision with the support of the UFC and the militaries without the presence of workers' representatives. This made clear to them that authorities were defending the interests of the Company and the local "bananacracy"and not theirs as Colombian workers. The concentration ended in a protest.   The militaries obeyed the orders of the Governor and it was authorized to follow orders and demand the workers to dissolve the demonstration as it was not authorized.   The text was read in the square and at the same time the troop took positions. There were approximately 1.500 strikers in the square.   The army gave the strikers 15 minutes to disperse and the workers' answer was a the massive agitation of the Colombian flags and shouts related to the workers movement. The army responded with drumbeats and the menace to repel the strikers. Three bugle warnings were given, but nevertheless the strikers remained in their positions. A deep silence reigned in the square and the menace of the army became an unfortunate reality when the shout "Shoot" was uttered. Rifles and machine guns were discharged against the defenceless and unarmed demonstrators. In minutes the ground of the square was tinted with blood.   Once the attack of the army against their own fellow citizens ended, the sight was dantesque. The cadavers, the wounded and their relatives were troubling scenes. These events took place at the dawn of December 6th: a brutal aggression against a workers' demonstration.   The news invaded the media and the first chronicles appeared with living information about the tragic balance of the events. The first report on the newspaper "La Prensa" from Barranquilla informed of 8 people killed and 20 wounded. After a week, the same newspaper mentioned 100 dead and 238 wounded. Meanwhile official sources and diplomatic communications signalled the number of people killed as being 1.000. This number, and along with other kind of testimonies collected, agree that the number of killings was over a thousand and that the militaries loaded the trains with the corpses and buried them in mass graves in inaccessible areas and up to the present times they have not been localized.   This repression caused a massive exodus of the terrified population. They abandoned the zone and migrated to different parts of the country for fear of military persecution and arrestment. Many of them left their scarce possessions behind.   National and international media widely covered this event. Both the UFC and the government tried to manipulate the information to protect their image. The press echoed and broadcasted the sometimes biased news, informing about "combats" between the army troops and the "revolutionaries" and that as a result of these combats, 8 "bandits" were killed and 20 were wounded. The War Ministry insisted that "in Magdalena there was no strike, but a revolution".   Other newspapers such as "La Prensa" from Barranquilla, issued their edition of December 8th in red characters as a reference to this event that brought mourning to the entire country and as a symbolic commemorative act.   Referring to a communication sent to the United Press, the War Ministry informed officially that in the attack of the strikers against the troops there had been 8 dead and 20 wounded and that in order to control the revolutionary outbreaks against state order, the immediate mobilization of more troops had been ordered. They would arrive from cities of the interior of the country. It also emphasised the position of the government that the workers' situation in Magdalena was delicate and that vigorous decisions had to be taken in order to solve this issue. It also informed that beside Ciénaga, other localities had to be intervened.   The Times from New York informed in a biased and extended way that the turmoil in the Colombian Banana Region was provoked by Mexican incendiaries, who had led the process of the Mexican Revolution, two decades earlier. It also gave details about the aspects of the banana strike that were consequences of the expiration of the Barco Concession .   At the same time the UFC issued a press communication to the New York agencies and the worldwide correspondents declaring: "the difficult situation experienced during the past days in the Colombian banana region, where the company has valuable interests, has quite improved in the last 24 hours and the dispatches sent from the scene, give rise to expectations for a prompt solution of the conflict surged between the workers and the company which ended in an extended strike of revolutionary nature".   While the American press provided biased information, trying to defend the multinational interests and that of their government, the national press analysed the situation with greater objectivity. The daily newspaper "El Tiempo" from Bogotá commented in an extended note that most of the claims of the strikers were righteous improvement of working conditions. Nevertheless, due to its conservative position, the editorial stated that they did not agree with the strike since they considered that the workers had a bad leadership and they made the leaders responsible for what had happened. They reminded the authorities that force is not the supreme reason as the only system to solve a conflict since violence is not a valid option to impose certain vindications.   In response to these events and as a protest for the massacre, several offices of the United Fruit and the railway were set on fire and destroyed. The hard situation caused by the army repression and the lack of jobs led to the assault of the company's stores where people seized food.    "It is not about fixing anyhow a difficult situation, it is about avoiding more critical events in the immediate future. Therefore we need a wise, prudent, political Colombian, who does not forget the circumstances regarding the conflict. Someone who does not forget how the United Fruit Company manipulates the political and civil life of Magdalena and who does not think it indispensable to send troops for hunting workers as animals. Someone who will not be hard and inflexible with them and subordinated and honey mouthed with the company agents"   After the massacre, the workers who managed to escape emigrated to other areas of the region and new versions of the events started to become public. It was the version of the defeated. This version informed the public opinion about the concentration in the Ciénaga square and not in farms as had been informed by authorities to justify the fact of not being able to notify the exact number of deaths.   On December 10th after a convulsed weekend, the headings announced "the revolutionaries' flee in stampede to the Sierra Nevada," "government troops completely defeated the strikers "; the War Minister informs that there were more deaths during the last combats". In general, the press informed about a revolutionary movement which confronted the military forces and that the army was responding with rigor, but that there had not been any excess on their part. The banana zone was returning to normal, as well as the train service between Ciénaga and Santa Marta and the steam boat service between Ciénaga and Barranquilla. They also informed that since public order had been reestablished, businesses had already opened and that the exodus of the population had ended.   General Cortés Vargas issued a decree through which the revolutionaries of Magdalena were declared a gang of outlaws. The decree consisted of three articles and in one section, as a justification, it was stated that the rebel strikers committed all kinds of outrages: arson in public and private property, pillage, interruption of telegraphic and telephonic communications, destruction of railways, assault of citizens who did not agree with their communist and anarchist doctrine. This was the justification for decreeing martial law to give security to citizens and to re-establish public order. On the other hand the workers' leaders and accessories should be prosecuted to face their responsibilities. And to finish, the public force was authorized to use their guns.   At the same time troops were sent to avoid the surviving strikers' flee to the Sierra Nevada and the Departament of Atlántico. To accomplish this all the towns neighbouring the banana zone were alerted. Numerous detentions occurred and the prisoners were sent to Ciénaga to be judged by a Martial Court.   Wow…. Fucking bananas caused all this shit… Well obviously not than JUST bananas but holy shit man.    So the crazy thing is United Fruit company continued to operate did so long after this incident until eventually after the the suicide of Eli Black things unraveled and the company went away. Or did it? Well it did not. In fact the company is now still a huge banana company called… Chiquita! But at least all that bullshit is on the past… Oh wait wait… No it's not!    While Chiquita is not actively massacring people, in 2007, it admitted to paying $1.7 million to the United Self-Defense Forces of Columbia (A.U.C.), a far-right paramilitary group responsible for thousands of killings and some of the worst massacres in Colombia. The A.U.C. was designated by the United States as a terrorist group at the time and Chiquita was forced to pay $25 million for violating counterterrorism laws. In particular, the A.U.C. targeted labor leaders, liquidated problem employees, and removed people from lands needed for cultivation.   “They are so bad that in 2001, even the Bush administration was forced to designate them as a terrorist organization,” said Terry Collingsworth, a Labor and Human Rights Attorney. He proceeds to say that multinational corporations had automatically aligned with the A.U.C. “They've made it safe for business here. That's what they do.” Collingsworth states, from his and his associates' reporting, that Chiquita likely paid much more than $1.7 million to the A.U.C.   Over much of the 20th century, banana companies like United Fruit effectively took over governments in countries like Guatemala and Honduras, leading to the countries' model being known as “banana republics”. A banana republic would describe politically unstable countries economically dependent on bananas as a sole export and product, and it has been diversified to include other limited-resource products. The CIA would strong-arm these governments to protect the business interests of banana companies at the expense of workers and people who lived in those countries, often propping up repressive regimes. With a historic priority of keeping the costs of bananas low, banana companies were willing to do whatever it took to keep prices low, from stifling labor movements, keeping wages low, and strong-arming governments. The United Fruit Company did it then, and Chiquita Brands does it now.   In 1999, President Clinton apologized to Guatemala, saying that “support for military forces and intelligence units which engaged in violence and widespread repression was wrong, and the United States must not repeat that mistake.” Movies:   Horror movies about killer food   https://screenrant.com/funniest-horror-b-movies-murderous-food/

John Foster Dulles and Allen Dulles—the stars of Stephen's book The Brothers—as architects of covert imperialism ... Stephen explains how disgruntled bankers and lawyers started the CIA ... How corporate interests drove the 1954 US-led coup in Guatemala ... The enduring relevance of US meddling in Iran in 1953 ... Self-fulfilling, Manichean prophecies of the Cold War ... Imagining history without the Dulles brothers ... Have we learned from our past mistakes? ...

John Foster Dulles and Allen Dulles—the stars of Stephen's book The Brothers—as architects of covert imperialism ... Stephen explains how disgruntled bankers and lawyers started the CIA ... How corporate interests drove the 1954 US-led coup in Guatemala ... The enduring relevance of US meddling in Iran in 1953 ... Self-fulfilling, Manichean prophecies of the Cold War ... Imagining history without the Dulles brothers ... Have we learned from our past mistakes? ...

Campaigning for the US Senate, 1950. Pic - Library of Congress In this 8th podcast, we explore the thinking of Richard Nixon.  Put yourself in his position.  You're 35, elected to the House in a Republican wave year from a district that is usually safely Democratic.  Your plum Committee assignment was Education and Labor.  But, on HUAC, this throbbing blob of a Case has come rolling in the door.  You and Bob Stripling saw possibilities that no one else saw and now The Case is all yours.  You have satisfied yourself that Hiss is lying and Chambers is telling the truth.  Now, for you, the issue is how far do you take this.  Do you risk everything (your whole career) for it?  How to prevent The Establishment from rallying around its fair haired boy Alger?  How to convince them that Hiss is lying and they should give you free rein?  How to satisfy yourself that Chambers will not crack under the pressure of public scrutiny and Democrat attacks, that he'll convince typical Americans, that there's nothing fishy in his past, that his love of melodrama will not carry him away into fantastication?  If anything goes wrong, in six months you'll be back in Whittier doing slip and fall cases.  In this podcast, you'll hear about the inner turmoil and external events that made up the mind of the future President.  Further Research: Episode 8:  Speculating about the thinking of Richard Nixon has been an indoor sport for people who knew him and the American intelligentsia for decades.  In his own writings about this moment in the Case, he is unusually candid about how uncertain and anxious he was.  See Six Crises at 19-23; see also Weinstein at 36-37.  Nixon sent his brother Ed and his Mother to chat with the Chamberses.  Ed Nixon & Karen Olson, “The Nixons: A Family Portrait” (2009) at 137-38.  Nixon also consulted a reporter for the leading liberal Republican newspaper, The New York Herald Tribune.  This Reporter, Bert Andrews, had been very critical of HUAC and other security agencies for being sloppy in recent investigations.  Nixon used him as a sounding board and devil's advocate in this Case and Andrews became a fascinated eyewitness to these and later crucial moments.  Andrews' posthumous memoir, “A Tragedy of History:  A Journalist's Confidential Role in the Hiss-Chambers Case,”  by Bert and Peter Andrews (1962) at 72-77 describes Andrews' first chats with Nixon and Chambers.  Andrews says that Chambers, when he needed time to shape his answers to questions, paused for 30-40 seconds and looked like he had gone into a trance.  Nixon, by the way, did not include Stripling in his deliberations at this phase. Questions:  You're Richard Nixon.  How do you decide whether to risk your whole career by supporting Chambers all the way?  How do you verify or discredit all the (alleged) facts about the Hisses' life in 1934-37 that Chambers divulged in his secret testimony?  Use HUAC's staff, obviously.  How else?  How do you get to know Chambers and form an opinion about his honesty (and perhaps sanity)?  Remember, he doesn't have to talk to you if he doesn't want to.  How can you investigate his past and see if there's anything fishy there?  How do you deter the natural pro-Hiss inclination of the Republican Establishment, which is itself invested in Hiss?  (Hiss's mentor at the Carnegie Endowment is John Foster Dulles, chief foreign policy advisor to Republican Presidential candidate Thomas E. Dewey.)  Assuming you decide to ‘bet the farm' on Chambers, how do you get the news media involved so that this Case becomes Nixon's Triumph and not HUACs?  How do you separate yourself in the public mind from HUAC and launch a spectacular career of your own without earning the undying hatred of those you leave behind — Bob Stripling and the other members of HUAC?      

Think about these questions and answer them honestly. 1) Do you believe you can be successful and spiritual at the same time? Some folks equate poverty with humility and conclude that successful people can't be humble. Not so. ‘As long as [Uzziah] sought the LORD, God gave him success.' Success doesn't give you the right to look down on others but, when successful people speak, others listen. Leaders like Joseph and Daniel influenced entire nations for God. The fact is, we've a message of hope others need to hear, but without adequate resources, how will they hear it? (See Romans 10:14-17.) If you've been settling for less, pray for greater faith and start aiming higher in life. 2) Are you afraid of success? Perhaps you fear the pressures and the price tag that accompany it. Leadership is lonely; maybe you'd rather be with the crowd. Or maybe you've been knocked down and you're afraid to get up again. When Thomas Edison was asked about his success, he replied, ‘I start where other men leave off!' John Foster Dulles, former U.S. Secretary of State said, ‘The measure of success isn't whether you've a tough problem to deal with, but whether it's the same problem you had last year.' Paul wrote, ‘We get knocked down, but we get up again and keep going' (2 Corinthians 4:9 TLB). 3) Are you satisfied with the way things are right now? If you're not, accept responsibility for your life and take a step of faith. Ultimately the only one who can stop you from becoming the person God intended you to be – is you! Bottom line: God wants you to succeed.

Professor John Wilsey teaches church history at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. He is the author of three books, One Nation Under God: An Evangelical Critique of Christian America, American Exceptionalism and Civil Religion: Reassessing the History of an Idea and God's Cold Warrior: The Life and Faith of John Foster Dulles which is the subject of our conversation.

The post God’s Cold Warrior? A Conversation with Historian John D. Wilsey About Morality, Diplomacy, Theology, and Secretary of State John Foster Dulles at the Height of the Cold War appeared first on AlbertMohler.com.

Beetle Smith's last act as CIA director is to come up with the idea of a CIA “Murder Board”. After Eisenhower is elected POTUS, the new CIA director is Allen Dulles, brother of the new Sec of State, John Foster Dulles.

Summary Dr. John D. Wilsey, associate professor of church history at The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, Kentucky, joins McConnell Center Director Dr. Gary L. Gregg II to discuss his recent book God’s Cold Warrior: The Life and Faith of John Foster Dulles. Although many of us are familiar with Dulles International Airport, few people today know much about the man it is named after. Dr. Wilsey shares how faith influenced Dulles, one of the most important figures in the forefront of U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War era. Links Mentioned John D. Wilsey, God’s Cold Warrior: The Life and Faith of John Foster Dulles John D. Wilsey, American Exceptionalism and Civil Religion: Reassessing the History of an Idea William Inboden, Religion and American Foreign Policy, 1945-1960: The Soul of Containment Richard H. Immerman, Empire for Liberty: A History of American Imperialism from Benjamin Franklin to Paul Wolfowitz Stay Connected Visit us at McConnellcenter.org Subscribe to our newsletter  Facebook: @mcconnellcenter Instagram: @ulmcenter  Twitter: @ULmCenter This podcast is a production of the McConnell Center at the University of Louisville. Views expressed in this show are those of the participants and not necessarily those of the McConnell Center.      

In today's episode Coyle talks to John Wilsey about his new biography of John Foster Dulles, "God's Cold Warrior."

In today's episode Coyle talks to John Wilsey about his new biography of John Foster Dulles, "God's Cold Warrior."

When John Foster Dulles died in 1959, he was given the largest American state funeral since Franklin Delano Roosevelt's in 1945. President Eisenhower called Dulles—his longtime secretary of state—“one of the truly great men of our time,” and a few years later the new commercial airport outside Washington, DC, was christened the Dulles International Airport in his honor. His star has fallen significantly since that time, but his influence remains indelible—most especially regarding his role in bringing the worldview of American exceptionalism to the forefront of US foreign policy during the Cold War era, a worldview that has long outlived him.  God's Cold Warrior: The Life and Faith of John Foster Dulles (Eardmans, 2021) recounts how Dulles's faith commitments from his Presbyterian upbringing found fertile soil in the anti-communist crusades of the mid-twentieth century. After attending the Oxford Ecumenical Church Conference in 1937, he wrote about his realization that “the spirit of Christianity, of which I learned as a boy, was really that of which the world now stood in very great need, not merely to save souls, but to solve the practical problems of international affairs.” Dulles believed that America was chosen by God to defend the freedom of all those vulnerable to the godless tyranny of communism, and he carried out this religious vision in every aspect of his diplomatic and political work. He was conspicuous among those US officials in the twentieth century that prominently combined their religious convictions and public service, making his life and faith key to understanding the interconnectedness of God and country in US foreign affairs from World War I to Vietnam. Zach McCulley (@zamccull) is a historian of religion and literary cultures in early modern England and PhD candidate in History at Queen's University Belfast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

When John Foster Dulles died in 1959, he was given the largest American state funeral since Franklin Delano Roosevelt's in 1945. President Eisenhower called Dulles—his longtime secretary of state—“one of the truly great men of our time,” and a few years later the new commercial airport outside Washington, DC, was christened the Dulles International Airport in his honor. His star has fallen significantly since that time, but his influence remains indelible—most especially regarding his role in bringing the worldview of American exceptionalism to the forefront of US foreign policy during the Cold War era, a worldview that has long outlived him.  God's Cold Warrior: The Life and Faith of John Foster Dulles (Eardmans, 2021) recounts how Dulles's faith commitments from his Presbyterian upbringing found fertile soil in the anti-communist crusades of the mid-twentieth century. After attending the Oxford Ecumenical Church Conference in 1937, he wrote about his realization that “the spirit of Christianity, of which I learned as a boy, was really that of which the world now stood in very great need, not merely to save souls, but to solve the practical problems of international affairs.” Dulles believed that America was chosen by God to defend the freedom of all those vulnerable to the godless tyranny of communism, and he carried out this religious vision in every aspect of his diplomatic and political work. He was conspicuous among those US officials in the twentieth century that prominently combined their religious convictions and public service, making his life and faith key to understanding the interconnectedness of God and country in US foreign affairs from World War I to Vietnam. Zach McCulley (@zamccull) is a historian of religion and literary cultures in early modern England and PhD candidate in History at Queen's University Belfast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/book-of-the-day

When John Foster Dulles died in 1959, he was given the largest American state funeral since Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s in 1945. President Eisenhower called Dulles—his longtime secretary of state—“one of the truly great men of our time,” and a few years later the new commercial airport outside Washington, DC, was christened the Dulles International Airport in his honor. His star has fallen significantly since that time, but his influence remains indelible—most especially regarding his role in bringing the worldview of American exceptionalism to the forefront of US foreign policy during the Cold War era, a worldview that has long outlived him.  God's Cold Warrior: The Life and Faith of John Foster Dulles (Eardmans, 2021) recounts how Dulles’s faith commitments from his Presbyterian upbringing found fertile soil in the anti-communist crusades of the mid-twentieth century. After attending the Oxford Ecumenical Church Conference in 1937, he wrote about his realization that “the spirit of Christianity, of which I learned as a boy, was really that of which the world now stood in very great need, not merely to save souls, but to solve the practical problems of international affairs.” Dulles believed that America was chosen by God to defend the freedom of all those vulnerable to the godless tyranny of communism, and he carried out this religious vision in every aspect of his diplomatic and political work. He was conspicuous among those US officials in the twentieth century that prominently combined their religious convictions and public service, making his life and faith key to understanding the interconnectedness of God and country in US foreign affairs from World War I to Vietnam. Zach McCulley (@zamccull) is a historian of religion and literary cultures in early modern England and PhD candidate in History at Queen's University Belfast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm

When John Foster Dulles died in 1959, he was given the largest American state funeral since Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s in 1945. President Eisenhower called Dulles—his longtime secretary of state—“one of the truly great men of our time,” and a few years later the new commercial airport outside Washington, DC, was christened the Dulles International Airport in his honor. His star has fallen significantly since that time, but his influence remains indelible—most especially regarding his role in bringing the worldview of American exceptionalism to the forefront of US foreign policy during the Cold War era, a worldview that has long outlived him.  God's Cold Warrior: The Life and Faith of John Foster Dulles (Eardmans, 2021) recounts how Dulles’s faith commitments from his Presbyterian upbringing found fertile soil in the anti-communist crusades of the mid-twentieth century. After attending the Oxford Ecumenical Church Conference in 1937, he wrote about his realization that “the spirit of Christianity, of which I learned as a boy, was really that of which the world now stood in very great need, not merely to save souls, but to solve the practical problems of international affairs.” Dulles believed that America was chosen by God to defend the freedom of all those vulnerable to the godless tyranny of communism, and he carried out this religious vision in every aspect of his diplomatic and political work. He was conspicuous among those US officials in the twentieth century that prominently combined their religious convictions and public service, making his life and faith key to understanding the interconnectedness of God and country in US foreign affairs from World War I to Vietnam. Zach McCulley (@zamccull) is a historian of religion and literary cultures in early modern England and PhD candidate in History at Queen's University Belfast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

When John Foster Dulles died in 1959, he was given the largest American state funeral since Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s in 1945. President Eisenhower called Dulles—his longtime secretary of state—“one of the truly great men of our time,” and a few years later the new commercial airport outside Washington, DC, was christened the Dulles International Airport in his honor. His star has fallen significantly since that time, but his influence remains indelible—most especially regarding his role in bringing the worldview of American exceptionalism to the forefront of US foreign policy during the Cold War era, a worldview that has long outlived him.  God's Cold Warrior: The Life and Faith of John Foster Dulles (Eardmans, 2021) recounts how Dulles’s faith commitments from his Presbyterian upbringing found fertile soil in the anti-communist crusades of the mid-twentieth century. After attending the Oxford Ecumenical Church Conference in 1937, he wrote about his realization that “the spirit of Christianity, of which I learned as a boy, was really that of which the world now stood in very great need, not merely to save souls, but to solve the practical problems of international affairs.” Dulles believed that America was chosen by God to defend the freedom of all those vulnerable to the godless tyranny of communism, and he carried out this religious vision in every aspect of his diplomatic and political work. He was conspicuous among those US officials in the twentieth century that prominently combined their religious convictions and public service, making his life and faith key to understanding the interconnectedness of God and country in US foreign affairs from World War I to Vietnam. Zach McCulley (@zamccull) is a historian of religion and literary cultures in early modern England and PhD candidate in History at Queen's University Belfast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm

When John Foster Dulles died in 1959, he was given the largest American state funeral since Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s in 1945. President Eisenhower called Dulles—his longtime secretary of state—“one of the truly great men of our time,” and a few years later the new commercial airport outside Washington, DC, was christened the Dulles International Airport in his honor. His star has fallen significantly since that time, but his influence remains indelible—most especially regarding his role in bringing the worldview of American exceptionalism to the forefront of US foreign policy during the Cold War era, a worldview that has long outlived him.  God's Cold Warrior: The Life and Faith of John Foster Dulles (Eardmans, 2021) recounts how Dulles’s faith commitments from his Presbyterian upbringing found fertile soil in the anti-communist crusades of the mid-twentieth century. After attending the Oxford Ecumenical Church Conference in 1937, he wrote about his realization that “the spirit of Christianity, of which I learned as a boy, was really that of which the world now stood in very great need, not merely to save souls, but to solve the practical problems of international affairs.” Dulles believed that America was chosen by God to defend the freedom of all those vulnerable to the godless tyranny of communism, and he carried out this religious vision in every aspect of his diplomatic and political work. He was conspicuous among those US officials in the twentieth century that prominently combined their religious convictions and public service, making his life and faith key to understanding the interconnectedness of God and country in US foreign affairs from World War I to Vietnam. Zach McCulley (@zamccull) is a historian of religion and literary cultures in early modern England and PhD candidate in History at Queen's University Belfast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm

When John Foster Dulles died in 1959, he was given the largest American state funeral since Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s in 1945. President Eisenhower called Dulles—his longtime secretary of state—“one of the truly great men of our time,” and a few years later the new commercial airport outside Washington, DC, was christened the Dulles International Airport in his honor. His star has fallen significantly since that time, but his influence remains indelible—most especially regarding his role in bringing the worldview of American exceptionalism to the forefront of US foreign policy during the Cold War era, a worldview that has long outlived him.  God's Cold Warrior: The Life and Faith of John Foster Dulles (Eardmans, 2021) recounts how Dulles’s faith commitments from his Presbyterian upbringing found fertile soil in the anti-communist crusades of the mid-twentieth century. After attending the Oxford Ecumenical Church Conference in 1937, he wrote about his realization that “the spirit of Christianity, of which I learned as a boy, was really that of which the world now stood in very great need, not merely to save souls, but to solve the practical problems of international affairs.” Dulles believed that America was chosen by God to defend the freedom of all those vulnerable to the godless tyranny of communism, and he carried out this religious vision in every aspect of his diplomatic and political work. He was conspicuous among those US officials in the twentieth century that prominently combined their religious convictions and public service, making his life and faith key to understanding the interconnectedness of God and country in US foreign affairs from World War I to Vietnam. Zach McCulley (@zamccull) is a historian of religion and literary cultures in early modern England and PhD candidate in History at Queen's University Belfast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm

When John Foster Dulles died in 1959, he was given the largest American state funeral since Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s in 1945. President Eisenhower called Dulles—his longtime secretary of state—“one of the truly great men of our time,” and a few years later the new commercial airport outside Washington, DC, was christened the Dulles International Airport in his honor. His star has fallen significantly since that time, but his influence remains indelible—most especially regarding his role in bringing the worldview of American exceptionalism to the forefront of US foreign policy during the Cold War era, a worldview that has long outlived him.  God's Cold Warrior: The Life and Faith of John Foster Dulles (Eardmans, 2021) recounts how Dulles’s faith commitments from his Presbyterian upbringing found fertile soil in the anti-communist crusades of the mid-twentieth century. After attending the Oxford Ecumenical Church Conference in 1937, he wrote about his realization that “the spirit of Christianity, of which I learned as a boy, was really that of which the world now stood in very great need, not merely to save souls, but to solve the practical problems of international affairs.” Dulles believed that America was chosen by God to defend the freedom of all those vulnerable to the godless tyranny of communism, and he carried out this religious vision in every aspect of his diplomatic and political work. He was conspicuous among those US officials in the twentieth century that prominently combined their religious convictions and public service, making his life and faith key to understanding the interconnectedness of God and country in US foreign affairs from World War I to Vietnam. Zach McCulley (@zamccull) is a historian of religion and literary cultures in early modern England and PhD candidate in History at Queen's University Belfast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm

When John Foster Dulles died in 1959, he was given the largest American state funeral since Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s in 1945. President Eisenhower called Dulles—his longtime secretary of state—“one of the truly great men of our time,” and a few years later the new commercial airport outside Washington, DC, was christened the Dulles International Airport in his honor. His star has fallen significantly since that time, but his influence remains indelible—most especially regarding his role in bringing the worldview of American exceptionalism to the forefront of US foreign policy during the Cold War era, a worldview that has long outlived him.  God's Cold Warrior: The Life and Faith of John Foster Dulles (Eardmans, 2021) recounts how Dulles’s faith commitments from his Presbyterian upbringing found fertile soil in the anti-communist crusades of the mid-twentieth century. After attending the Oxford Ecumenical Church Conference in 1937, he wrote about his realization that “the spirit of Christianity, of which I learned as a boy, was really that of which the world now stood in very great need, not merely to save souls, but to solve the practical problems of international affairs.” Dulles believed that America was chosen by God to defend the freedom of all those vulnerable to the godless tyranny of communism, and he carried out this religious vision in every aspect of his diplomatic and political work. He was conspicuous among those US officials in the twentieth century that prominently combined their religious convictions and public service, making his life and faith key to understanding the interconnectedness of God and country in US foreign affairs from World War I to Vietnam. Zach McCulley (@zamccull) is a historian of religion and literary cultures in early modern England and PhD candidate in History at Queen's University Belfast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm

In this episode we talk about the connections between liberal Protestantism, American foreign policy, and the Cold War in mid-20th-century America. We discuss these themes through an examination of the life of former U.S. Secretary of State (1953-1959) John Foster Dulles. Our guest is John Wilsey, author of God' Cold Warrior: The Life and Faith of John Foster Dulles. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

In 1954 the United States government, led by Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, staged a coup to oust President Jacobo Arbenz of Guatemala. For what reason? To help the United Fruit Company. United Fruit was a giant company, capturing over 90% of the market in its heyday. The juggernaut found President Arbenz to be a nuisance when his agrarian reform meant they would be paid for some of their unused land, which would be given to peasants. With the help of powerful friends like Allen Dulles (the Director of the CIA), the United States staged a coup, installing Castillo Armas in his place. All of this took place while the USA was busy framing itself as a Christian nation. What does that mean for the Christian Church today? Are we a nation that supports that kind of behavior? Our special guest for this episode is Stephen Schlesinger, co-author of the excellent book "Bad Fruit: The Story of the American Coup in Guatemala". Discussion Questions: What threat did President Jacobo Arbenz pose to United Fruit? United Fruit owned many utilities in Guatemala from the trains to telephone lines. How would you feel if our utilities were owned by foreign entities? If they controlled our natural resources? Do you think the land reform deal was a good one for their country? Were people like John Foster Dulles right to overthrow Arbenz? How might it have benefited them to do so? In what way could the actions of the US in the 1950s reflect poorly on Christianity domestically and abroad? It has been argued that American consumers benefit when Latin American and African countries are thrown in disarray. It means cheaper diamonds, gold, rubber, and more while also stranding the people in those countries in poverty. Does it bother you that you may be benefiting from unbalanced countries? Do you find the assumption that we are benefiting to be offensive? Why? Is there anything we can do about it? Sources: "Bad Fruit: The Story of the American Coup in Guatemala" by Stephen Schlesinger and Stephen Kinzer CIA Document profiling Arbenz YouTube clips of a documentary on the Guatemalan coup Then Vice President Nixon talking with Armas after the overthrow Statistics on Fruit Financial Times article about United Fruit Book "One Nation Under God" by Kevin Kruse (for the bio info on the Dulles brothers) Peurifoy's cable to Washington President Arbenz's farewell speech List of governments that the US has overthrown

  Actor Carl Reiner passed away in June Carl played the role of Saul Bloom in Ocean's Eleven, Twelve and Thirteen Kamala Harris as the Vice President of Joe Biden Article: Kamala Harris: A Study in Showboating by Jim DiEugenio: Part 1, Part 2 Lisa Pease's book A Lie too Big to Fail: Hardcover, Kindle, Scribd Kennedys and King interview Len Osanic; read the interview here Article: Oliver Stone amid the Trolls: Tom Fordy and The Telegraph by Jim DiEugenio Article: Henry Wallace, JFK, and The Nation by Jeff Carter Book: Battling Wall Street by Donald Gibson: Paperback, Hardcover Article: Bugliosi on the Kennedy Autopsy: Twenty shades of pride and prejudice by Dr. Aldo Mariotto Review: Oliver Stone's Chasing the Light by Joseph E. Green 25th Anniversary of Probe/CTKA/KennedysAndKing Support www.kennedysandking.com by pledging monthly contribution Article: Anatomy of an Online Atrocity: Wikipedia, Gamaliel, and the Fletcher Prouty entry www.proutypedia.com Prouty entry and wikipedia Article: The Real Wikipedia? Will the Real Wikipedia Please Stand Up? by J.P. Mroz Article: The Real Wikipedia? Part Two: Please, Mr. Wales, Remain Seated by J.P. Mroz John Mcadams - Laughing stock of the Internet? Article: Kerry Thornley: A New Look by Jim: Part 1, Part 2 Jim takes a new look at WC witness Kerry Thornley in light of Adam Gorightly’s The Pranskter and the Conspiracy This book is a hatchet job on Jim Garrison Adam Gorightly compares Kerry Thornley to Ken Kesey !!! Kerry Thornley met Lee Harvey Oswald at El Toro Marine Base, outside of Santa Ana California Thornley moves to New Orleans in Feb 1961 This was exactly when the preparations for the Bay of Pigs invasion were in high gear David Ferrie and Guy Bannister were involved Ferrie was a trainer at the Belle Chase naval base Kerry Thornley was overjoyed about Kennedy's death He referred to Kennedy’s assassination as “good news” Within 2 weeks of the assassination, Thornley left New Orleans Testimony of Kerry Thornley (33 pages) Most of the testimony of other Marines around Oswald had been reduced to half-page affidavits Thornley had been kept on the stand longer than most of the witnesses in the entire inquiry See Chapter 5, On the Trail of the Assassins by Jim Garrison; borrow ebook here FBI and Secret Service knew about Thornley celebrating Kennedy's assassination Albert Jenner of the WC handled Thornley Jenner never questioned Thornley about his celebration of Kennedy's murder Thornley was quoted three times in the Warren report In a court of law, Thornley's testimony would have been thrown out as the prejudicial character outweighed its forensic value Thornley knew both Butler and Bringuier Albert Schweitzer College (ASC) The college's Director Hans Casparis never received any degrees from the colleges he said he attended ASC closed down within months after Kennedy’s murder ASC was promoted and partly administered by the liberal Unitarian Church The Unitarians had been covertly used by Allen and John Foster Dulles for overseas espionage actions Thornley's 1965 non-fiction book titled Oswald Thornley's friendship with David Lifton Thornley told both Bernard Goldsmith and Dowell that he knew Oswald was not a communist Patrice Lumumba, Congo and the breakaway Catanga province Book: Who Killed Hammarskjold? by Susan Williams: Hardcover, Paperback, Kindle Documentary: Cold Case Hammarskjold: Stream on Amazon, iTunes, Directv, Microsoft, Verizon, Vudu In his book Best Evidence, David Lifton termed the Garrison inquiry “a farce” Lifton also spoke at the funeral of James Phelan, an FBI informant “I would have stood there with a rifle and pulled the trigger if I would have had the chance” - Thornley Listener questions answered Robert Baer and his miniseries on History Channel JFK Declassified: Tracking Oswald

This wide-ranging & globe-trotting episode begins with a brief look at the successful 1953 expedition to summit Mount Everest, then pivots to some less inspiring international intrigue, as Cold War fears led the USA to meddle in the internal politics of Iran, Guatemala, & Vietnam, among other nations. John Foster Dulles's leadership of the State Department & his brother Allen Dulles's direction of the Central Intelligence Agency pushed forward a newly aggressive approach in US foreign policy, tossing aside the relatively cautious "containment" doctrine of the Truman Administration. American efforts at winning international hearts & minds ranged from persuasion (in the case of Voice of America, Radio Free Europe, & the Congress for Cultural Freedom) to regime change (removing Iranian & Guatemalan leaders) & even outright mind control (in the case of Project MK-Ultra). In domestic politics, Senator Joe McCarthy (& his sidekick Roy Cohn) would finally fall from prominence after unsuccessfully targeting the US Army. President Dwight Eisenhower approved an expansion of existing New Deal economic assistance agencies in the mid-50s, but avoided creating new social programs. Finally, in the 1954 Congressional elections, Democrats regained control of the federal legislative branch, which surprisingly eased political headaches for Republican President Eisenhower, who'd been clashing with GOP conservatives over his moderate agenda.Support the show (https://www.patreon.com/boomertomillennial/posts)

If you've traveled to Washington, D.C. before, it's likely that you've flown through Washington Dulles International Airport, named after President Eisenhower's Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles. In fact, over 60,000 people travel through Dulles airport every day, but not many people know much about its namesake. John Foster Dulles served in the early years of the Cold War and pursued a vigorous foreign policy meant to isolate and undermine international and expansionist Communism. Undergirding his foreign policy was a commitment to natural law, a realistic understanding of human nature and a clear vision of freedom. Since his death in 1959, Dulles has been characterized only as a dour, puritanical and simple man. Joining the podcast today to shed more light on the life of Dulles is John D. Wilsey, associate professor of church history at The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. In this conversation, John brings perspective to Dulles' legacy, uncovering both his public and private life, and showing how simple explanations of Dulles just don't help us accurately understand the man or his times. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Welcome to Finance and Fury, The Furious Friday Edition. Today – continue talking about wars – the banker's wars – this time on us and financial markets– Gone through how bankers fund wars, central banks carry out monetary policy that leads to Hot wars Start a miniseries - How To Crush A Bankers' Dictatorship – likely be three eps over next Fridays – lots to unpack - Look at central banks – London, German and US connection - A Lesson From 1918, 1929, 1933 – look at how to break the trend -   To start this – the question of why often comes up – why would bankers influence politics, crash economies, control the economy and start wars  Well, hear why from the horse’s mouth – Lord Montagu Norman, Governor of The Bank Of England, addressing the United States Bankers’ Association, NYC 1924- Quote: “Capital must protect itself in every possible way, both by combination and legislation. Debts must be collected, mortgages foreclosed as rapidly as possible. When, through the process of law, the common people lose their homes, they will become more docile and more easily governed through the strong arm of the government applied by a central power of wealth under leading financiers. These truths are well known among our principal men, who are now engaged in forming an imperialism to govern the world. By dividing the voter through the political party system, we can get them to expend their energies in fighting for questions of no importance.” Lord Montagu Norman was Governor of the Bank of England from 1916 to 1944. During this period, he participated in the central bank conferences which set up the Crash of 1929 and a worldwide depression. The quotation by Norman is a shorter version of the Bankers’ Manifesto of 1892: This adds a bit of additional context – Read another passage – “People without homes will not quarrel with their leaders. History repeats itself in regular cycles. This truth is well known among our principal men who are engaged in forming an imperialism of the world. While they are doing this, the people must be kept in a state of political antagonism. The question of tariff reform must be urged through the organization known as the Democratic Party, and the question of protection with the reciprocity must be forced to view through the Republican Party. By thus dividing voters, we can get them to expend their energies in fighting over questions of no importance to us, except as teachers to the common herd. Thus, by discrete action, we can secure all that has been so generously planned and successfully accomplished.” Why they do this – to retain control and to distract Only a few of them – lots of us – in reality – their positions are very fragile – while they have a lot of control – they have seen in the past what a pissed off population can do to them If you spend all your time fighting between left v right, men v woman, black v white – too busy distracted on newly created constructs Example – Germany population rising post WW1 – and how they were desperate to find a Fuhrer   First - What created the second world war? – conditions left after the first – all done at the treaty of Versailles Versailles and the Destruction of Germany - Britain had been the leading hand behind the orchestration of WWI and the destruction Germany – Germans knew it Kaiser Wilhelm realised this too late when he said: “the world will be engulfed in the most terrible of wars, the ultimate aim of which is the ruin of Germany. England, France, and Russia have conspired for our annihilation… that is the naked truth of the situation which was slowly but surely created by Edward VII” Who was his uncle – Nicholas II of Russia and George V who took over in 1910 were all first cousins Britain also organized the reparations conference in France - imposed impossible debt repayments upon Germany and created the League of Nations Lloyd George (politician) led the British delegation alongside his assistant Lord Lothian (secretary to the PM), Leo Amery, Lord Robert Cecil, and Lord John Maynard Keynes - all of these figures were members of the Round Table Movement that took full control of Britain by ousting PM Asquith in 1916 After the 1918 Armistice – Treaty of Versailles saw to the dismantling of Germany’s army and navy Forced to pay the impossible sum of 132 billion gold marks, give up territories representing 15% of arable land, 10% of its population, 12% of its livestock, 74% of its iron ore, 63% of its zinc production, and 26% of its coal. Germany also had to give up 8000 locomotives, 225 000 railcars and all of its colonies across Africa, South America, etc. People often forget that those 10% of Germans were ruled by Polish, French and other nations – who were not kind to them – attacked and killed regularly Germany gave up half of its gold supply and still barely a dent was made in the debt payments In June 1920 – Bankers made the decision to use the printing press. Rather than the “miracle cure” which monetarists promised = resulted in an asymptotic devaluation of the currency into hyperinflation June 1922, 300 marks exchanged $1 US and in November 1923, it took 42 trillion marks to get $1 US 1Kg of Bread sold for $428 billion marks in 1923 Further Results - industrial output fell by 50%, unemployment rose to over 30% - food intake reduced by over half of pre-war levels – Then to make it worse - a form of shorting the currency occurred by the bankers – making the situation worse = hyperinflationary blowout of Germany resulted in total un-governability of the state – Remember – Central Banking authorities did this – not the German people – who had no say Population under control of the Weimar republic at this time – imposed from 1918 - which was very ineffective – ended in 1933 with the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei - Nazi Party The original solution was from the Wall Streets “Dawes Plan” – installed the London-trained banker by the name of Hjalmar Schacht. First introduced as Currency Commissioner in November 1923 and soon President of the Reichsbank Schacht’s first act was to visit Bank of England’s governor Montagu Norman in London Schacht was provided a blueprint for proceeding with Germany’s restructuring – Policy given from BoE Governor. Policy-create new currency called the “rentenmark” at a fixed value exchanging 1 trillion reichsmarks for 1 new rentenmark The Reichsmark was the currency in Germany from 1924 until 20 June 1948 But hidden in the fine print allowed the germans to be robbed again - new currency would operate under “new rules” requiring austerity measures – i.e. Mass privatizations from Anglo-American companies purchasing state enterprises Industrial interests - IG Farben, Thyssen Mining and resources - Standard Oil Finances - Union Banking, Brown Brothers Harriman, JP Morgan Under the supervision of John Foster Dulles, Montagu Norman, Averill Harriman Ask yourself – what would you do if you were in that position? Almost starving to death again after almost dying by a bullet or losing your home, being left on the street, or sharing 1 room (studio) between 6 people, or worse, starving to death? All due to the games of some monarchs and central bankers? In Germany - civil unrest began to boil over - the London-Wall Street bankers couldn’t control     England wasn’t in great shape either Well before American entered WW1 - enormous amounts of money lent from American banks to England to purchase weapons - from American manufacturers – racked up a big debt – once the war was over - debts needed to be repaid But English economy was in ruins – bombed, broke, killed or mentally scared millions of men – no longer working – Also - borrowed money used to buy weapons – not increase economic output domestically Essentially no way for England to repay its enormous war-debts – again, bankers are smart so made them owe the debts in USD Bankers knew that England had greatly increased its money supply as well without increasing its productive capacity – England also printed funds to buy weapons – Result = pound plummeted in value - Start of 1920 - pound dropped to a low of $3.18. - pre-war $4.87 At this time - Benjamin Strong - Governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for 14 years until his death What we have here is that Montagu Norman (BoE), Hjalmar Schacht (who went on to run the BIS) and Strong all good friends Strong and his counterpart at the Bank of England -Montagu Norman –conspired to return the pound to its pre-war parity with the dollar. The Politics of Money by Brian Johnson - Quote “Strong and Norman, intimate friends, spent their holidays together at Bar Harbour and in the South of France.” How – Bank of England and FED leaders came up with a plan - Impossible to make pound stronger – easier to make the dollar weaker – reasoned that if the dollar was made weaker, the pound would become stronger as a result – teamed up Proof - May 1924 - Strong said he was pursuing a “readjustment” to benefit England - “readjustment” was to pursue a policy of inflation in the US - keeping Britain from having to raise interest rates Strong in his own words – “the burden of this readjustment must fall more largely upon us than upon them (Great Britain). It will be difficult politically and socially for the British Government and the Bank of England to face a price liquidation in England… in face of the fact that their trade is poor and they have over a million unemployed people receiving government aid.”  Confirmed in October of 1924 - Norman asked Strong to continue with this policy of low interest rates, or ‘easy money.’ Strong/FED implemented easy money policies from 1925-28 – based on agreement with Norman to keep US interest rates below those of London However, even all this was not enough to keep England solvent. As a result of her massive war debts – denominated as they were in dollars, not pounds – England’s position was hopeless. This hopeless position was further exacerbated by a national strike in May 1926. The strike began in Britain’s most important industry – coal – There were socialist/Communist/Fascist uprisings in England at this time Anyway - Strong withheld increasing interest rates for the US was too late – today we call this easy money policy Encouraged the surging American boom of the late 1920s – massively increased speculation This is How the 1929 Crash was Manufactured – low cost of money creating speculation, increased leverage, and financial deregulation 1923 - President Coolidge and financier Andrew Mellon (Treasury Secretary) de-regulated the banks Introduced a Broker loans scheme (Margin loans) - speculators allowed to borrow 90% on their shares investments into the real economy were halted during the 1920s speculation was the norm 1925 broker loans totalled $1.5 billion, 1926 = $2.6 billion, 1926 = $5.7 billion - stock market was overvalued fourfold When the bubble was sufficiently inflated, a moment was decided upon to coordinate a mass “calling in” of the broker loans- no one could pay them resulting in a collapse of the markets Then banks like JP Morgan had already sold out before the crash - then bought up the physical assets for cents on the dollar Prescott Bush of Brown Brothers Harriman (bank involved with German takeover) made his fortune in this manner He then went onto bailout a bankrupt Nazi party in 1932 Market crash unleashed four years of hell in America, EU, Australia- leading to the great depression   Recently - The media has started reporting of “financial Armageddon” potentials – I have as well – but their solution is more of what has created this environment - global hegemonic synthetic currency – the SDR – which will replace the collapsing US dollar under a new system of “green finance’’ Reporting of the media can create fear – I apologise if I have contributed to this – I want to help people not get caught by surprise – and to provide actual reasoning and some individual solutions – Media reporting is designed for a Trauma-based society control – create an event that causes trauma – people cant rationally think through the solutions shoved in their face – we all need to believe in something - But it shouldn’t be ignored that financial markets are sitting on the largest financial bubble in human history Very reminiscent of the 1929 bubble that was triggered on black Friday in the USA which unleashed a great depression Currently, Western economies are not in too a dissimilar position as post WW1 – in the 1927 or 1928 period Most Governments have unpayable levels of debt – similar to the Versailles debts on Germany 10 years of easy money policies (low rates) unleashed unbounded speculation - similar to the “roaring 1920s” Populations suffering levels of depressions, PTSD and disenfranchisement – vastly different reasons – some from watching their friends decompose in no-man’s land for months, some from overuse of social media or climate change fears Also - the solutions proposed o solve the situation is put forward by the same groups who created the issues - identical to what the world faced in 1933 as “central bankers” became the solution for the world depression. Start to look at next next episode – Look at the great depression – and the Bankers plan to overthrow FDR and put in their own leader   Thanks for listening! If you want to get in contact you can do so here: http://financeandfury.com.au/contact/   

John Wilsey is a Georgia native whose research interests lie in the historical interaction between nationalism and Christian theology. He is also interested in the history of ideas in the Christian west, especially with regard to the church’s engagement with politics, Enlightenment thought, religious freedom, and diplomacy. Wilsey served as the 2017-18 William E. Simon Visiting Fellow in Religion and Public Life with the James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions at Princeton University, where he conducted research for a religious biography of John Foster Dulles, secretary of state in the Eisenhower Administration. The Dulles work will appear soon alongside other works in the Library of Religious Biography series published by Eerdmans. He is the author of One Nation Under God: An Evangelical Critique of Christian America (Pickwick, 2011), American Exceptionalism and Civil Religion: Reassessing the History of an Idea (IVP Academic, 2015), and editor of an abridged edition of Alexis de Tocqueville’s classic work, Democracy in America (1835-40) titled Democracy in America: A New Abridgment for Students (Lexham, 2016). Twitter: @JDWilsey Website: sbts.edu/academics/faculty/john-d-wilsey

If you were born after 1975, you may not have heard of the John Birch Society.  Dr. Matt Harris tells us more about this group, and President Benson's allegiance to this anti-communist group.  Check out our conversation…. https://youtu.be/uWhykFRJz5U Matt:   He meets a man named Robert Welch who founds this very controversial anticommunist organization called the John Birch Society, named after a fallen GI in World War II, John Birch. Welch organizes the Birch Society in 1958. He writes an extremely controversial book that will get him pilloried in the national press. It's called The Politician. He writes it in '58, but it's not published until '63. So it's this big long manuscript that he shares privately with some friends and Benson will get a copy of this manuscript before it's published in book form. In the manuscript, it says that Eisenhower and members of his cabinet are communists. He also said that Milton Eisenhower, the president's brother and close advisor, is also commie. He spells out several people. He says that the CIA director, John Foster Dulles, the Secretary of State--they're all commies. He gives several reasons why. Eisenhower doesn't curtail the New Deal policies. This is liberal new deal. Of course, a lot of conservatives at the time thought that liberalism equated to socialism and communism. Well, one of the things that President Eisenhower doesn't do is drastically roll back the New Deal and that leaves him open for criticism among people like Robert Welch. There's some other things. Welch criticizes some decisions that President Eisenhower had made, General Eisenhower had made during World War II and somehow that equates to communism. I mean, really, it's far reaching here. I guess what surprises me is how Benson turns on Eisenhower, after the two had been such good friends! Henry D. Moyle is in the First Presidency when this letter is sent out. He's a Democrat and Hugh B. Brown's a Democrat, too, the other counselor at the time. You can imagine they're just mortified over this. Here's a moderate Republican now getting accused of being a commie--a five-star general who spent his entire adult life fighting communism and now his erstwhile cabinet secretary accuses him of being a commie. Moyle calls him in. He calls him Taft. Moyle called Taft in and one participant, or one witness said, "He ripped Taft, ripped him." One of the things he said was, "How could you be disloyal to President Eisenhower like this?" You can imagine that as he's sending this around, his son, in the meantime joins the Birch Society and becomes a high ranking official in the Birch Society. He's the National Communications Director, I think, is one of his titles. And he's going around giving speeches to Birch audiences, both in Utah, Idaho, actually one here in Denver, Colorado. He calls President Eisenhower a commie, out in the open--the news media is there. GT: Reed Benson? Matt:  Reed Benson, yeah. Ezra is a little more circumspect. President--Elder Benson at that point knew that it probably wasn't good karma to give speeches, you know, so his son would do that. But Elder Benson did get himself into trouble in 1963. Check out our conversation, as well as our first conversation about how Benson joined the Eisenhower cabinet. Ezra Taft Benson, and his son Reed, were big supporters of the John Birch Society  

Experiencing a major crisis from different viewpoints, step by step: the Suez crisis of 1956— one of the major crises of the 1950s offers a potential master class in statecraft and the politics of strategy. It was an explosive Middle East confrontation capped by a surprise move that reshaped the region for many years to come. It was a diplomatic confrontation between the world's two major colonial powers (France & Britain) and a major third-world country (Egypt), as well as a conflict between the world's premier Arab country (Egypt) and Israel. A confrontation that riveted the world's attention. And it was a short but startling war that ended in unexpected ways for every country involved. Six countries, including the two superpowers, had major roles, but each saw the situation differently. From one stage to the next, it could be hard to tell which state was really driving the action. As in any good ensemble, all the actors had pivotal parts to play. Among the world-renown figures involved were Sir Anthony Eden, Dwight Eisenhower, David Ben-Gurion, Abdel Nasser and John Foster Dulles. Like an illustration that uses an exploded view of an object to show how it works, Philip Zelikow and Ernest May's Suez Deconstructed: An Interactive Study in Crisis, War, and Peacemaking (Brookings Institution, 2018) uses an unprecedented design to deconstruct the Suez crisis. The story is broken down into three distinct phases. In each phase, the reader sees the issues as they were perceived by each country involved, taking into account different types of information and diverse characteristics of each leader and that leader's unique perspectives. Then, after each phase has been laid out, editorial observations invite the reader to consider the interplay. Using the most updated primary source material and research; developed by an unusual group of veteran policy practitioners and historians working as a team, Suez Deconstructed is not just a fresh and novel way to understand the history of a major world crisis. Whether one's primary interest is statecraft or history, this study provides a fascinating step-by-step experience, repeatedly shifting from one viewpoint to another. At each stage, readers can gain rare experience in the way these very human leaders sized up their situations, defined and redefined their problems, improvised diplomatic or military solutions, sought ways to influence each other, and tried to change the course of history. Professor Zelkow has served five Presidents from Reagan through Obama, in various capacities at the State Department, White House, and the Defense Department. He was also the Executive Director of the 9/11 Commission. He is currently a professor at the University of Virginia. Charles Coutinho holds a doctorate in history from New York University. Where he studied with Tony Judt, Stewart Stehlin and McGeorge Bundy. His Ph. D. dissertation was on Anglo-American relations in the run-up to the Suez Crisis of 1956. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. It you have a recent title to suggest for a podcast, please send an e-mail to Charlescoutinho@aol.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Experiencing a major crisis from different viewpoints, step by step:  the Suez crisis of 1956— one of the major crises of the 1950s offers a potential master class in statecraft and the politics of strategy. It was an explosive Middle East confrontation capped by a surprise move that reshaped the region for many years to come. It was a diplomatic confrontation between the world’s two major colonial powers (France & Britain) and a major third-world country (Egypt), as well as a conflict between the world’s premier Arab country (Egypt) and Israel. A confrontation that riveted the world’s attention. And it was a short but startling war that ended in unexpected ways for every country involved. Six countries, including the two superpowers, had major roles, but each saw the situation differently. From one stage to the next, it could be hard to tell which state was really driving the action. As in any good ensemble, all the actors had pivotal parts to play. Among the world-renown figures involved were Sir Anthony Eden, Dwight Eisenhower, David Ben-Gurion, Abdel Nasser and John Foster Dulles. Like an illustration that uses an exploded view of an object to show how it works, Philip Zelikow and Ernest May's Suez Deconstructed: An Interactive Study in Crisis, War, and Peacemaking (Brookings Institution, 2018) uses an unprecedented design to deconstruct the Suez crisis. The story is broken down into three distinct phases. In each phase, the reader sees the issues as they were perceived by each country involved, taking into account different types of information and diverse characteristics of each leader and that leader’s unique perspectives. Then, after each phase has been laid out, editorial observations invite the reader to consider the interplay. Using the most updated primary source material and research; developed by an unusual group of veteran policy practitioners and historians working as a team, Suez Deconstructed is not just a fresh and novel way to understand the history of a major world crisis. Whether one’s primary interest is statecraft or history, this study provides a fascinating step-by-step experience, repeatedly shifting from one viewpoint to another. At each stage, readers can gain rare experience in the way these very human leaders sized up their situations, defined and redefined their problems, improvised diplomatic or military solutions, sought ways to influence each other, and tried to change the course of history. Professor Zelkow has served five Presidents from Reagan through Obama, in various capacities at the State Department, White House, and the Defense Department. He was also the Executive Director of the 9/11 Commission. He is currently a professor at the University of Virginia. Charles Coutinho holds a doctorate in history from New York University. Where he studied with Tony Judt, Stewart Stehlin and McGeorge Bundy. His Ph. D. dissertation was on Anglo-American relations in the run-up to the Suez Crisis of 1956. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. It you have a recent title to suggest for a podcast, please send an e-mail to Charlescoutinho@aol.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Experiencing a major crisis from different viewpoints, step by step:  the Suez crisis of 1956— one of the major crises of the 1950s offers a potential master class in statecraft and the politics of strategy. It was an explosive Middle East confrontation capped by a surprise move that reshaped the region for many years to come. It was a diplomatic confrontation between the world’s two major colonial powers (France & Britain) and a major third-world country (Egypt), as well as a conflict between the world’s premier Arab country (Egypt) and Israel. A confrontation that riveted the world’s attention. And it was a short but startling war that ended in unexpected ways for every country involved. Six countries, including the two superpowers, had major roles, but each saw the situation differently. From one stage to the next, it could be hard to tell which state was really driving the action. As in any good ensemble, all the actors had pivotal parts to play. Among the world-renown figures involved were Sir Anthony Eden, Dwight Eisenhower, David Ben-Gurion, Abdel Nasser and John Foster Dulles. Like an illustration that uses an exploded view of an object to show how it works, Philip Zelikow and Ernest May's Suez Deconstructed: An Interactive Study in Crisis, War, and Peacemaking (Brookings Institution, 2018) uses an unprecedented design to deconstruct the Suez crisis. The story is broken down into three distinct phases. In each phase, the reader sees the issues as they were perceived by each country involved, taking into account different types of information and diverse characteristics of each leader and that leader’s unique perspectives. Then, after each phase has been laid out, editorial observations invite the reader to consider the interplay. Using the most updated primary source material and research; developed by an unusual group of veteran policy practitioners and historians working as a team, Suez Deconstructed is not just a fresh and novel way to understand the history of a major world crisis. Whether one’s primary interest is statecraft or history, this study provides a fascinating step-by-step experience, repeatedly shifting from one viewpoint to another. At each stage, readers can gain rare experience in the way these very human leaders sized up their situations, defined and redefined their problems, improvised diplomatic or military solutions, sought ways to influence each other, and tried to change the course of history. Professor Zelkow has served five Presidents from Reagan through Obama, in various capacities at the State Department, White House, and the Defense Department. He was also the Executive Director of the 9/11 Commission. He is currently a professor at the University of Virginia. Charles Coutinho holds a doctorate in history from New York University. Where he studied with Tony Judt, Stewart Stehlin and McGeorge Bundy. His Ph. D. dissertation was on Anglo-American relations in the run-up to the Suez Crisis of 1956. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. It you have a recent title to suggest for a podcast, please send an e-mail to Charlescoutinho@aol.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Experiencing a major crisis from different viewpoints, step by step:  the Suez crisis of 1956— one of the major crises of the 1950s offers a potential master class in statecraft and the politics of strategy. It was an explosive Middle East confrontation capped by a surprise move that reshaped the region for many years to come. It was a diplomatic confrontation between the world’s two major colonial powers (France & Britain) and a major third-world country (Egypt), as well as a conflict between the world’s premier Arab country (Egypt) and Israel. A confrontation that riveted the world’s attention. And it was a short but startling war that ended in unexpected ways for every country involved. Six countries, including the two superpowers, had major roles, but each saw the situation differently. From one stage to the next, it could be hard to tell which state was really driving the action. As in any good ensemble, all the actors had pivotal parts to play. Among the world-renown figures involved were Sir Anthony Eden, Dwight Eisenhower, David Ben-Gurion, Abdel Nasser and John Foster Dulles. Like an illustration that uses an exploded view of an object to show how it works, Philip Zelikow and Ernest May's Suez Deconstructed: An Interactive Study in Crisis, War, and Peacemaking (Brookings Institution, 2018) uses an unprecedented design to deconstruct the Suez crisis. The story is broken down into three distinct phases. In each phase, the reader sees the issues as they were perceived by each country involved, taking into account different types of information and diverse characteristics of each leader and that leader’s unique perspectives. Then, after each phase has been laid out, editorial observations invite the reader to consider the interplay. Using the most updated primary source material and research; developed by an unusual group of veteran policy practitioners and historians working as a team, Suez Deconstructed is not just a fresh and novel way to understand the history of a major world crisis. Whether one’s primary interest is statecraft or history, this study provides a fascinating step-by-step experience, repeatedly shifting from one viewpoint to another. At each stage, readers can gain rare experience in the way these very human leaders sized up their situations, defined and redefined their problems, improvised diplomatic or military solutions, sought ways to influence each other, and tried to change the course of history. Professor Zelkow has served five Presidents from Reagan through Obama, in various capacities at the State Department, White House, and the Defense Department. He was also the Executive Director of the 9/11 Commission. He is currently a professor at the University of Virginia. Charles Coutinho holds a doctorate in history from New York University. Where he studied with Tony Judt, Stewart Stehlin and McGeorge Bundy. His Ph. D. dissertation was on Anglo-American relations in the run-up to the Suez Crisis of 1956. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. It you have a recent title to suggest for a podcast, please send an e-mail to Charlescoutinho@aol.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Experiencing a major crisis from different viewpoints, step by step:  the Suez crisis of 1956— one of the major crises of the 1950s offers a potential master class in statecraft and the politics of strategy. It was an explosive Middle East confrontation capped by a surprise move that reshaped the region for many years to come. It was a diplomatic confrontation between the world’s two major colonial powers (France & Britain) and a major third-world country (Egypt), as well as a conflict between the world’s premier Arab country (Egypt) and Israel. A confrontation that riveted the world’s attention. And it was a short but startling war that ended in unexpected ways for every country involved. Six countries, including the two superpowers, had major roles, but each saw the situation differently. From one stage to the next, it could be hard to tell which state was really driving the action. As in any good ensemble, all the actors had pivotal parts to play. Among the world-renown figures involved were Sir Anthony Eden, Dwight Eisenhower, David Ben-Gurion, Abdel Nasser and John Foster Dulles. Like an illustration that uses an exploded view of an object to show how it works, Philip Zelikow and Ernest May's Suez Deconstructed: An Interactive Study in Crisis, War, and Peacemaking (Brookings Institution, 2018) uses an unprecedented design to deconstruct the Suez crisis. The story is broken down into three distinct phases. In each phase, the reader sees the issues as they were perceived by each country involved, taking into account different types of information and diverse characteristics of each leader and that leader’s unique perspectives. Then, after each phase has been laid out, editorial observations invite the reader to consider the interplay. Using the most updated primary source material and research; developed by an unusual group of veteran policy practitioners and historians working as a team, Suez Deconstructed is not just a fresh and novel way to understand the history of a major world crisis. Whether one’s primary interest is statecraft or history, this study provides a fascinating step-by-step experience, repeatedly shifting from one viewpoint to another. At each stage, readers can gain rare experience in the way these very human leaders sized up their situations, defined and redefined their problems, improvised diplomatic or military solutions, sought ways to influence each other, and tried to change the course of history. Professor Zelkow has served five Presidents from Reagan through Obama, in various capacities at the State Department, White House, and the Defense Department. He was also the Executive Director of the 9/11 Commission. He is currently a professor at the University of Virginia. Charles Coutinho holds a doctorate in history from New York University. Where he studied with Tony Judt, Stewart Stehlin and McGeorge Bundy. His Ph. D. dissertation was on Anglo-American relations in the run-up to the Suez Crisis of 1956. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. It you have a recent title to suggest for a podcast, please send an e-mail to Charlescoutinho@aol.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Experiencing a major crisis from different viewpoints, step by step:  the Suez crisis of 1956— one of the major crises of the 1950s offers a potential master class in statecraft and the politics of strategy. It was an explosive Middle East confrontation capped by a surprise move that reshaped the region for many years to come. It was a diplomatic confrontation between the world’s two major colonial powers (France & Britain) and a major third-world country (Egypt), as well as a conflict between the world’s premier Arab country (Egypt) and Israel. A confrontation that riveted the world’s attention. And it was a short but startling war that ended in unexpected ways for every country involved. Six countries, including the two superpowers, had major roles, but each saw the situation differently. From one stage to the next, it could be hard to tell which state was really driving the action. As in any good ensemble, all the actors had pivotal parts to play. Among the world-renown figures involved were Sir Anthony Eden, Dwight Eisenhower, David Ben-Gurion, Abdel Nasser and John Foster Dulles. Like an illustration that uses an exploded view of an object to show how it works, Philip Zelikow and Ernest May's Suez Deconstructed: An Interactive Study in Crisis, War, and Peacemaking (Brookings Institution, 2018) uses an unprecedented design to deconstruct the Suez crisis. The story is broken down into three distinct phases. In each phase, the reader sees the issues as they were perceived by each country involved, taking into account different types of information and diverse characteristics of each leader and that leader’s unique perspectives. Then, after each phase has been laid out, editorial observations invite the reader to consider the interplay. Using the most updated primary source material and research; developed by an unusual group of veteran policy practitioners and historians working as a team, Suez Deconstructed is not just a fresh and novel way to understand the history of a major world crisis. Whether one’s primary interest is statecraft or history, this study provides a fascinating step-by-step experience, repeatedly shifting from one viewpoint to another. At each stage, readers can gain rare experience in the way these very human leaders sized up their situations, defined and redefined their problems, improvised diplomatic or military solutions, sought ways to influence each other, and tried to change the course of history. Professor Zelkow has served five Presidents from Reagan through Obama, in various capacities at the State Department, White House, and the Defense Department. He was also the Executive Director of the 9/11 Commission. He is currently a professor at the University of Virginia. Charles Coutinho holds a doctorate in history from New York University. Where he studied with Tony Judt, Stewart Stehlin and McGeorge Bundy. His Ph. D. dissertation was on Anglo-American relations in the run-up to the Suez Crisis of 1956. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. It you have a recent title to suggest for a podcast, please send an e-mail to Charlescoutinho@aol.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Experiencing a major crisis from different viewpoints, step by step:  the Suez crisis of 1956— one of the major crises of the 1950s offers a potential master class in statecraft and the politics of strategy. It was an explosive Middle East confrontation capped by a surprise move that reshaped the region for many years to come. It was a diplomatic confrontation between the world’s two major colonial powers (France & Britain) and a major third-world country (Egypt), as well as a conflict between the world’s premier Arab country (Egypt) and Israel. A confrontation that riveted the world’s attention. And it was a short but startling war that ended in unexpected ways for every country involved. Six countries, including the two superpowers, had major roles, but each saw the situation differently. From one stage to the next, it could be hard to tell which state was really driving the action. As in any good ensemble, all the actors had pivotal parts to play. Among the world-renown figures involved were Sir Anthony Eden, Dwight Eisenhower, David Ben-Gurion, Abdel Nasser and John Foster Dulles. Like an illustration that uses an exploded view of an object to show how it works, Philip Zelikow and Ernest May's Suez Deconstructed: An Interactive Study in Crisis, War, and Peacemaking (Brookings Institution, 2018) uses an unprecedented design to deconstruct the Suez crisis. The story is broken down into three distinct phases. In each phase, the reader sees the issues as they were perceived by each country involved, taking into account different types of information and diverse characteristics of each leader and that leader’s unique perspectives. Then, after each phase has been laid out, editorial observations invite the reader to consider the interplay. Using the most updated primary source material and research; developed by an unusual group of veteran policy practitioners and historians working as a team, Suez Deconstructed is not just a fresh and novel way to understand the history of a major world crisis. Whether one’s primary interest is statecraft or history, this study provides a fascinating step-by-step experience, repeatedly shifting from one viewpoint to another. At each stage, readers can gain rare experience in the way these very human leaders sized up their situations, defined and redefined their problems, improvised diplomatic or military solutions, sought ways to influence each other, and tried to change the course of history. Professor Zelkow has served five Presidents from Reagan through Obama, in various capacities at the State Department, White House, and the Defense Department. He was also the Executive Director of the 9/11 Commission. He is currently a professor at the University of Virginia. Charles Coutinho holds a doctorate in history from New York University. Where he studied with Tony Judt, Stewart Stehlin and McGeorge Bundy. His Ph. D. dissertation was on Anglo-American relations in the run-up to the Suez Crisis of 1956. His area of specialization is 19th and 20th-century European, American diplomatic and political history. It you have a recent title to suggest for a podcast, please send an e-mail to Charlescoutinho@aol.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A few days ago, I came across a historic fact mentioning that today, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles was staying at the Casa Roma Motel as he recuperated from cancer. I’d never heard of the Casa Roma Motel and became curious as to why I could not find much information about this old and historic property.    I began digging and could only find scant mentions of the Casa Roma Motel in the newspaper archives. Then today, Nov. 29th, in the Key West Citizen, one of the historical events was   1937: The former United States Biological Station at the east end of Flagler Avenue was sold to Julian Marks, who renamed the property Casa Roma. Casa Roma was located off South Roosevelt at the foot of Flagler Ave. It was built by julian Makes of the Packard Motor Company in 1936. It was typical of 1930’s Florida Architecture with Cuban tile floors and at various times was visited by Harry Truman, Ernest Hemingway, Richard Nixon and John Foster Dulles. Don Johnson and Barbara Streisand stayed there in the mid-1980’s. It is located on the water with sweeping views of the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. March 27, 1940   Far from the noise and dust of the city, out on the eastern tip of the island is the lovely and spacious garden of Mr. and Mrs. Julian J. Marks. From Roosevelt Blvd. one catches an entrancing glimpse of the blue-green water, of a riot of flowers, a wide expanse of green sward and a tall swaying palm tree. But to properly appreciate the splendor and beauty of the extensive grounds, one must ramble along by-paths to view the picturesque lily pond and rock garden, the perfect blending of multiple-hued flowers, the stark simplicity of the swimming pool softened by the masses of velvety petunias. I was in May 1937, that the Marks purchased the four acres of land known as the old US Biological Station.    The Marks were natives of Grosse Point, MI and once they bought the property, plans were drawn up and 3 months later construction began on the house and garden. Of the buildings already in place, one was torn down and the other was renovated and turned into garage and servants’s quarters. The house was a modified Bahamas type architecture and was constructed of concrete blocks and stucco and painted a dazzling white. The tropic motif has be stressed in the long, low, rambling structure. All rooms have outside exposure: floors are tiled and porches screened and enclosed. The house faces the Atlantic Ocean and has a southeast exposure in order to take advantage of the trade winds. A superb view is obtained of the adjacent island of Boca Chica, Cow Key and Stock Island. To the right of the residence is a commodious boat house that accommodate ‘Lady Grace”, the spin and span 38 foot cruiser belonging to the Marks.    Across the canal from the boat house is an inviting cabana and outdoor fireplace ideal for picnics. Due to the fact that the 4 acres are triangular shaped and the house situated at the left instead of the center, balancing and landscaping the grounds has proved to be pretty much of a problem. However, gardening is Mr. Marks hobby and he has proven himself equal to the task. He has gone into the work with great interest and enthusiasm and the results are indeed gratifying. Looking ahead as a true gardener should, he has drawn up the most intricate of plans: the whole having been laid out with mathematical precision.    The first step in preparing the garden was the elimination of hundreds of cork and almond trees with which the land was overrun. Only the graceful coconuts, date and prichardia palms were allowed to remain. The wind, due to the exposed situation of the grounds, has proved to be the most serious drawback to the delicate tress and plants. As a first aid, hundreds of small Australian pine seedlings from the Marks nursery have been planted along the breakwater. They ended up serving as a as both a hedge and a wind break. A feast for the eye is a rock garden to the left of the residence. Growing in the great profusion are masses of petunias, ageratum, African daisies, salvia, snap dragons and candy tuft. Tier by tier they descend in breathtaking beauty to a mirror-like pool teaming with gold fish whose vivid coloring vies in brilliancy with the flowers.     Floating on the surface of the pond are lilies in pastel shades, holding aloft their waxy chalices to catch the morning dew. Black and gold butterflied quiver in ecstasy above the scene of surpassing loveliness. To the rear of the house are the plant nursery, chicken yard and vegetable garden. Delicious red strawberries grow here in great profusion , proving to “Doubting Thomases” that these luscious fruits may be grown with ease in Key West.    Mr. Marks was prominent for years in the financial world , resigned at the age of 45 as the Comptroller of the Packard Motor Company of Detroit. Mr. Marks resigned, not because of age of ill health, but because he was one of those rare mortals who know when they have accumulated sufficient wealth. He and mrs. Marks wisely decided that henceforth they would spend their remaining years fancy free and untrammeled with business worries. So, they began the search for the ideal spot for a home - a search which took them 42 states and much of Canada. Their prime requisites were boating and beauty of land, sea and sky. Numerous places filling these requirements were found in the North but were rejected because of their exceptionally short season. Looking for all year around facilities they came to Florida, the nations winter playground. Cities of the east and west coast were found to be too commercial for the Marks, who were seeking a haven of rest.    Then came the day when they followed the Overseas Highway across coral isles and concrete bridges until the end of the roadway reached. Here they found the southernmost city - the only frost free spot in the 48 states. The long quest had ended for they discovered fishing, swimming, and boating could be indulged in every month of the year.   This was an angler’s paradise with 600 edible fish to choose from. They found a city of old world charm, quiet serene and utterly free of the endless hurry and complexities of life. They found gardens of grand tropical flowers, exotic fruits, skies of lapis and sunsets of supreme loveliness. In other words, they found Key West.     Casa Roma was located off South Roosevelt at the foot of Flagler Ave. It was built by julian Makes of the Packard Motor Company in 1936. It was typical of 1930’s Florida Architecture with Cuban tile floors and at various times was visited by Harry Truman, Ernest Hemingway, Richard Nixon and John Foster Dulles. Don Johnson and Barbara Streisand stayed there in the mid-1980’s. It is located on the water with sweeping views of the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico.     In doing current searches, I cannot find any mention of this historic property still standing. It wasn’t until the 1950’s that Casa Roma seemed to have turned into the Casa Roma Motel. And it wasn’t until later on in the mid-1980’s that the Casa Roma Foundation showed the sale of some units as well as the swimming pool. Based on the descriptions and locations in these newspaper articles, I am left to assume that what was the historical Casa Roma Motel is now the site of the Coconut Mallory Condominiums.