Podcasts about Encode

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 19, 2024 29:18

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Feature Targeted LLC Estimation Distinguishes SAE Features from Random Directions, published by Lidor Banuel Dabbah on July 19, 2024 on The AI Alignment Forum. Tl;dr: In this post we present the exploratory phase of a project aiming to study neural networks by applying static LLC estimation to specific alterations of them. We introduce a new method named Feature Targeted (FT) LLC estimation and study its ability to distinguish SAE trained features from random directions. By comparing our method to other possible metrics, we demonstrate that it outperforms all of them but one, which has comparable performance. We discuss possible explanations to our results, our project and other future directions. Introduction Given a neural network M and a latent layer within it, L, a central motif in current mechanistic interpretability research is to find functions f:LR [1] which are features of the model. Features are (generally) expected to exhibit the following properties: 1. Encode interpretable properties of the input. 2. Be causally relevant to the computation of the output of the model. 3. Encode the output of a certain submodule of our model M, i.e. a component, localized in weight space, which is responsible for a specific part of the total computation. While this is common wisdom, methods for automated feature evaluation usually focus on correlations between the (top) activations of the feature with human (or machine) recognizable interpretations, or on the effect of feature-related interventions on the output of the model. In particular, while the first and second items of the feature characterization above are central in current techniques, the third property, specifically the localized nature of the computation upstream of the feature, is less so[2]. We are currently investigating a direction which fills that gap, and this post shares the findings of the exploratory research we have conducted to validate and inform our approach. More specifically, we operationalized the concept of "weight-localized computation" using the local learning coefficient (LLC) introduced in Lau et al, following the learning coefficient first introduced in the context of singular learning theory. We apply LLC estimation to models associated with our base model and a feature within it, a method we call feature targeted (FT) LLC estimation. In this exploratory work we study FT-LLC estimates of specific models associated with SAE features. Most notably, we have found that: 1. FT-LLC estimates of SAE features are, on average, distinguishably higher then those of random directions. 2. For a particular variant of FT-LLC estimation, which we named the functional FT-LLC (defined in this section) this separation is pronounced enough such that the vast majority of SAE features we studied are clearly separated from the random features we studied. Furthermore, most baseline metrics we compared it to (see here) are less capable at distinguishing SAE features from random directions, with only one performing on par with it. Section 1 introduces the main technique we study in this post, FT-LLC estimation, and section 2 outlines our motivations. Section 3 describes the details of our experimental setting, our results, and the comparison to baseline metrics. In section 4 we discuss our overall takes, how they fit within our general agenda and gaps we currently have in theoretically understanding them. Section 5 is devoted to outlining our next steps, the general direction of the project, and some other possible directions for further research. Lastly, we briefly discuss related work in section 6. What is FT-LLC? LLC estimation We start out by briefly recalling what the local learning coefficient (LLC) is. If you are unfamiliar of the term, we recommend reading this, the longer sequence here, or the paper on LL...

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LW - Feature Targeted LLC Estimation Distinguishes SAE Features from Random Directions by Lidor Banuel Dabbah

The Nonlinear Library: LessWrong

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 19, 2024 28:10

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Feature Targeted LLC Estimation Distinguishes SAE Features from Random Directions, published by Lidor Banuel Dabbah on July 19, 2024 on LessWrong. Tl;dr: In this post we present the exploratory phase of a project aiming to study neural networks by applying static LLC estimation to specific alterations of them. We introduce a new method named Feature Targeted (FT) LLC estimation and study its ability to distinguish SAE trained features from random directions. By comparing our method to other possible metrics, we demonstrate that it outperforms all of them but one, which has comparable performance. We discuss possible explanations to our results, our project and other future directions. Introduction Given a neural network M and a latent layer within it, L, a central motif in current mechanistic interpretability research is to find functions f:LR [1] which are features of the model. Features are (generally) expected to exhibit the following properties: 1. Encode interpretable properties of the input. 2. Be causally relevant to the computation of the output of the model. 3. Encode the output of a certain submodule of our model M, i.e. a component, localized in weight space, which is responsible for a specific part of the total computation. While this is common wisdom, methods for automated feature evaluation usually focus on correlations between the (top) activations of the feature with human (or machine) recognizable interpretations, or on the effect of feature-related interventions on the output of the model. In particular, while the first and second items of the feature characterization above are central in current techniques, the third property, specifically the localized nature of the computation upstream of the feature, is less so[2]. We are currently investigating a direction which fills that gap, and this post shares the findings of the exploratory research we have conducted to validate and inform our approach. More specifically, we operationalized the concept of "weight-localized computation" using the local learning coefficient (LLC) introduced in Lau et al, following the learning coefficient first introduced in the context of singular learning theory. We apply LLC estimation to models associated with our base model and a feature within it, a method we call feature targeted (FT) LLC estimation. In this exploratory work we study FT-LLC estimates of specific models associated with SAE features. Most notably, we have found that: 1. FT-LLC estimates of SAE features are, on average, distinguishably higher then those of random directions. 2. For a particular variant of FT-LLC estimation, which we named the functional FT-LLC (defined in this section) this separation is pronounced enough such that the vast majority of SAE features we studied are clearly separated from the random features we studied. Furthermore, most baseline metrics we compared it to (see here) are less capable at distinguishing SAE features from random directions, with only one performing on par with it. Section 1 introduces the main technique we study in this post, FT-LLC estimation, and section 2 outlines our motivations. Section 3 describes the details of our experimental setting, our results, and the comparison to baseline metrics. In section 4 we discuss our overall takes, how they fit within our general agenda and gaps we currently have in theoretically understanding them. Section 5 is devoted to outlining our next steps, the general direction of the project, and some other possible directions for further research. Lastly, we briefly discuss related work in section 6. What is FT-LLC? LLC estimation We start out by briefly recalling what the local learning coefficient (LLC) is. If you are unfamiliar of the term, we recommend reading this, the longer sequence here, or the paper on LLC estimation ...

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LW - Feature Targeted LLC Estimation Distinguishes SAE Features from Random Directions by Lidor Banuel Dabbah

Play Episode Listen Later Jul 19, 2024 28:10

Link to original articleWelcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Feature Targeted LLC Estimation Distinguishes SAE Features from Random Directions, published by Lidor Banuel Dabbah on July 19, 2024 on LessWrong. Tl;dr: In this post we present the exploratory phase of a project aiming to study neural networks by applying static LLC estimation to specific alterations of them. We introduce a new method named Feature Targeted (FT) LLC estimation and study its ability to distinguish SAE trained features from random directions. By comparing our method to other possible metrics, we demonstrate that it outperforms all of them but one, which has comparable performance. We discuss possible explanations to our results, our project and other future directions. Introduction Given a neural network M and a latent layer within it, L, a central motif in current mechanistic interpretability research is to find functions f:LR [1] which are features of the model. Features are (generally) expected to exhibit the following properties: 1. Encode interpretable properties of the input. 2. Be causally relevant to the computation of the output of the model. 3. Encode the output of a certain submodule of our model M, i.e. a component, localized in weight space, which is responsible for a specific part of the total computation. While this is common wisdom, methods for automated feature evaluation usually focus on correlations between the (top) activations of the feature with human (or machine) recognizable interpretations, or on the effect of feature-related interventions on the output of the model. In particular, while the first and second items of the feature characterization above are central in current techniques, the third property, specifically the localized nature of the computation upstream of the feature, is less so[2]. We are currently investigating a direction which fills that gap, and this post shares the findings of the exploratory research we have conducted to validate and inform our approach. More specifically, we operationalized the concept of "weight-localized computation" using the local learning coefficient (LLC) introduced in Lau et al, following the learning coefficient first introduced in the context of singular learning theory. We apply LLC estimation to models associated with our base model and a feature within it, a method we call feature targeted (FT) LLC estimation. In this exploratory work we study FT-LLC estimates of specific models associated with SAE features. Most notably, we have found that: 1. FT-LLC estimates of SAE features are, on average, distinguishably higher then those of random directions. 2. For a particular variant of FT-LLC estimation, which we named the functional FT-LLC (defined in this section) this separation is pronounced enough such that the vast majority of SAE features we studied are clearly separated from the random features we studied. Furthermore, most baseline metrics we compared it to (see here) are less capable at distinguishing SAE features from random directions, with only one performing on par with it. Section 1 introduces the main technique we study in this post, FT-LLC estimation, and section 2 outlines our motivations. Section 3 describes the details of our experimental setting, our results, and the comparison to baseline metrics. In section 4 we discuss our overall takes, how they fit within our general agenda and gaps we currently have in theoretically understanding them. Section 5 is devoted to outlining our next steps, the general direction of the project, and some other possible directions for further research. Lastly, we briefly discuss related work in section 6. What is FT-LLC? LLC estimation We start out by briefly recalling what the local learning coefficient (LLC) is. If you are unfamiliar of the term, we recommend reading this, the longer sequence here, or the paper on LLC estimation ...

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Comparing CUT&Tag to ENCODE ChIP-Seq in Alzheimer's Disease Samples (Sarah Marzi)

Epigenetics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 18, 2024 46:47

In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we talked with Sarah Marzi from the UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London about her work on epigenetic changes in Alzheimer's Disease, and comparing CUT&Tag to ENCODE ChIP-Seq using limited cell samples. The interview discusses Sarah Marzi's work on ChIP-Seq experiments and their significance in understanding Alzheimer's disease from an epigenetic perspective. The discussion touches on the widespread dysregulation and changes in acetylation, particularly in genes associated with Alzheimer's risk, providing insights into potential links between epigenetic insults and disease onset. Moving on to the technical aspects of the study, the interview examines the strategic use of CUT&Tag. It explores the challenges and optimizations involved in accurately profiling limited cell samples. The dialogue also compares CUT&Tag to ENCODE ChIP-Seq, highlighting the complexities of peak calling and data interpretation across different methodologies. References Kumsta, R., Marzi, S., Viana, J. et al. Severe psychosocial deprivation in early childhood is associated with increased DNA methylation across a region spanning the transcription start site of CYP2E1. Transl Psychiatry 6, e830 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2016.95 Marzi, S. J., Schilder, B. M., Nott, A., Frigerio, C. S., Willaime‐Morawek, S., Bucholc, M., Hanger, D. P., James, C., Lewis, P. A., Lourida, I., Noble, W., Rodriguez‐Algarra, F., Sharif, J., Tsalenchuk, M., Winchester, L. M., Yaman, Ü., Yao, Z., The Deep Dementia Phenotyping (DEMON) Network, Ranson, J. M., & Llewellyn, D. J. (2023). Artificial intelligence for neurodegenerative experimental models. Alzheimer's & Dementia, 19(12), 5970–5987. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.13479 Marzi, S. J., Leung, S. K., Ribarska, T., Hannon, E., Smith, A. R., Pishva, E., Poschmann, J., Moore, K., Troakes, C., Al-Sarraj, S., Beck, S., Newman, S., Lunnon, K., Schalkwyk, L. C., & Mill, J. (2018). A histone acetylome-wide association study of Alzheimer's disease identifies disease-associated H3K27ac differences in the entorhinal cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 21(11), 1618–1627. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-018-0253-7 Hu, D., Abbasova, L., Schilder, B. M., Nott, A., Skene, N. G., & Marzi, S. J. (2022). CUT&Tag recovers up to half of ENCODE ChIP-seq peaks in modifications of H3K27 [Preprint]. Genomics. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.30.486382 Related Episodes When is a Peak a Peak? (Claudio Cantù) Development of Integrative Machine Learning Tools for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Enrico Glaab) DNA Methylation Alterations in Neurodegenerative Diseases (Paula Desplats) Contact Epigenetics Podcast on X Epigenetics Podcast on Instagram Epigenetics Podcast on Mastodon Epigenetics Podcast on Bluesky Epigenetics Podcast on Threads Active Motif on X Active Motif on LinkedIn Email: podcast@activemotif.com

Evaluate, Encode, Execute

Calming Confectionery | Decompressing through Hobbies

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 14, 2024 18:33

For the longest time I thought that you were feeling guilty for prioritizing yourself. Now I understand that you are discouraged that you don't take the time to prioritize yourself, which leads to an endless cycle of discouragement, inaction, and anxiety. Well I have developed the antidote to the Discouragement Cycle that I have been using on both my 1:1 clients and my membership clients. It's called the E3 Method. In this episode, I go through what the E3 Method is and how we can work together with this simple process so that you can get out of your head and start putting you first without getting discouraged and not doing it. And without feeling guilty when you do! Schedule your call today! ⁠Get the Free Self-care App⁠ ⁠⁠Follow on Instagram⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠Apply for one-on-one coaching⁠⁠ (Ditch the Guilt: Feel Good about Setting Boundaries and Prioritizing Self-care) Free journaling process: ⁠⁠⁠"Don't Suppress, Process: 3 Steps to Get Out of Your Head"⁠⁠⁠ Watch ⁠⁠⁠"4 Secrets to Managing Your Emotions Without Guilt"⁠⁠⁠ on YouTube ⁠⁠Apply to be on the podcast⁠

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If (Wow == True) Then Creationism!

Viced Rhino: The Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 8, 2024 48:12

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/viced-rhino-the-podcast--4623273/support.Today, Creation Ministries International Canada (CMI Canada) tries to explain why DNA proves creation...and they seem to have gotten in over their heads.Cards:Critiquing Deflate's Critique of a Religious Critique!:https://youtu.be/cTCYOX4RnIcOriginal Video: http://tinyurl.com/25cc8hqwSources:DNA is life's blueprint? No, there's far more to it than that: http://tinyurl.com/29sytd7pRNA Polymerase and Transcription Mechanisms: The Forefront of Physicochemical Studies of Chemical Reactions: http://tinyurl.com/2824baycLife as a manifestation of the second law of thermodynamics: http://tinyurl.com/2876sudu The Origin of Life: A case is made for the descent of electrons: http://tinyurl.com/y4qa5esaPew Research Center's 2014 Survey of AAAS Members: http://tinyurl.com/24zzsyud On the Origin of Species: http://tinyurl.com/2a95jcwpInventing the dynamo machine: the evolution of the F-type and V-type ATPases: http://tinyurl.com/23lk6px5 The Ancestral Shape of the Access Proton Path of Mitochondrial ATP Synthases Revealed by a Split Subunit-a: http://tinyurl.com/297h7od3ATP synthases from archaea: The beauty of a molecular motor: http://tinyurl.com/299cxoceThe evolution of A-, F-, and V-type ATP synthases and ATPases: reversals in function and changes in the H+/ATP coupling ratio: http://tinyurl.com/299cxoceATP synthase: Evolution, energetics, and membrane interactions: http://tinyurl.com/2dhkofl2ATP synthases: structure, function and evolution of unique energy converters: http://tinyurl.com/23ujjohxThe progenitor of ATP synthases was closely related to the current vacuolar H+-ATPase: http://tinyurl.com/2cd4ptgdStepwise formation of the bacterial flagellar system: http://tinyurl.com/26j7wyejA reducibly complex mousetrap: http://tinyurl.com/2b8oz478Mitochondrial ATP synthase: architecture, function and pathology: http://tinyurl.com/2d3729ug Droplets: Unconventional Protocell Model with Life-Like Dynamics and Room to Grow: http://tinyurl.com/24f4tmoe Reading and writing single-atom magnets: http://tinyurl.com/24tk7qceSpontaneous formation and base pairing of plausible prebiotic nucleotides in water: http://tinyurl.com/2c2n655rIdentifying the wide diversity of extraterrestrial purine and pyrimidine nucleobases in carbonaceous meteorites: http://tinyurl.com/yyqbrajwNucleobase synthesis in interstellar ices: http://tinyurl.com/25pththmSynthetic Life with Alternative Nucleic Acids as Genetic Materials: http://tinyurl.com/27lj75h4 Origin and evolution of the genetic code: the universal enigma: http://tinyurl.com/y2e3e25xA Production of Amino Acids Under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions: http://tinyurl.com/28lz85c8A search for tryptophan in the gas of the IC 348 star cluster of the Perseus molecular cloud: http://tinyurl.com/2xmg67ysAmino acids in meteorites: http://tinyurl.com/2bvbjppmMiller–Urey experiment (Wikipedia): http://tinyurl.com/7hngnybAsymmetric autocatalysis. Chiral symmetry breaking and the origins of homochirality of organic molecules: http://tinyurl.com/2ypr22myIntelligent Design Is Not Creationism: http://tinyurl.com/28rwc67kThe Cost Of Natural Selection: https://tinyurl.com/2xr7pgy4Evolutionary Rate at the Molecular Level: https://tinyurl.com/2caxvttyAn Upper Limit on the Functional Fraction of the Human Genome: https://tinyurl.com/2cp73d77Low Fertility in Evolutionary Perspective: https://tinyurl.com/2c32ox8vWhy do humans have an Appendix?: https://tinyurl.com/2gcyaxhqConceptual and Empirical Challenges of Ascribing Functions to Transposable Elements: https://tinyurl.com/2cbvs8f7On the Immortality of Television Sets: "Function" in the Human Genome According to the Evolution-Free Gospel of ENCODE: https://tinyurl.com/y7wvwdvpComparing genomes to computer operating systems in terms of the topology and evolution of their regulatory control networks: https://tinyurl.com/27fpj2okAll my various links can be found here:http://links.vicedrhino.com

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146. How to Encode Your Dream Reality with Emily Surdyke

Your Guide to Love

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 16, 2024 21:06

Today I had the pleasure of interviewing Emily Surdyke. She is a Coach, Healing Guide, and Nuroencoding Specialist. Key Takeaways- Neuroencoding - is rewiring your past beliefs. It is a daily practice of reprograming your beliefs and thoughts - Journal is a tool they use - to encode your dream life - So it is daily brainwashing yourself to become the healthier happier version of yourself - The Stop Technique - to help with anxiety to rewire your nervous system -Movement is key - to help you change your state and get into a higher state -The importance of getting in your body and out of your head -Keep going, and believe in yourself - you are so worthy of healing and having a life you adore. Emily's Links Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/ignitedpresence?igsh=MWh4YzlnMDhpZ2M3cA%3D%3D Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/Ignitedpresencewithemily?mibextid=ZbWKwL Link for more information on neuroencoding - https://www.neuroencoding.com/?sc_ref=3OGWGnjOsUtsFTjs My links- Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/haley.helveston/ Email - helvestonhaley@gmail.com

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Diving Into Genomic Technology: Cutting-Edge Methods Used To Measure Health & Wellness

Finding Genius Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 15, 2024 37:35

This fascinating episode on health and wellness features Michael Snyder, a Professor in Stanford University School of Medicine's Department of Genetics. Michael is widely considered a leader in the field of functional genomics and proteomics – and is a major participant of the ENCODE project. Trained as a microbiologist, Michael is dedicated to gaining a global perspective on health care. Because many aspects of our medical system are broken, he is focused on refining the fields of genomics and proteomics with cutting-edge research. How is technology changing the way we monitor our bodies? Michael sits down to explain… Join the conversation now to find out: Measurements used to indicate when and if someone is getting sick. How your resting heart rate is connected to your immune system. The benefits of using a smartwatch as a health monitor. How monitoring presymptomatic individuals can be used to identify upcoming diseases. You can learn more about Michael and his work by visiting his laboratory website! Take advantage of a 5% discount on Ekster accessories by using the code FINDINGGENIUS. Enhance your style and functionality with premium accessories. Visit bit.ly/3uiVX9R to explore latest collection. Episode also available on Apple Podcasts: apple.co/30PvU9C

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FEDE BARGA - LIVE JAN 2024 - WLUM AT (MIAMI ENCODE RADIO)

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 7, 2024 126:08

JAN - 03 - 2024 W.L.U.M LIVE AT (MIAMI ENCODE RADIO) 10 HOURS ON AIR CELEBRATING CHINO BIRTHDAY ///////////////////////// NAPP - 4PM FEDE BARGA - 6PM EL CHINO DREADLION - 8PM DJ CARLOS G - 10PM DJ ROBERTO TORRES - 12AM ///////////////////////// #WELOVEUNDERGROUNDMUSIC #MIAMIENCODERADIO #NAPP #FEDEBARGA #ELCHINODREADLION #DJCARLOSG #DJROBERTOTORRE #justfeelthebeat #partytime #partypeople #housemusicallmorning #tribal #techno #techhouse #afrohouse #nativeinstruments #traktordj #residentdj #djlife

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NAPP - LIVE JAN 2024 - WLUM AT (MIAMI ENCODE RADIO)

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 7, 2024 138:05

JAN - 03 - 2024 W.L.U.M LIVE AT (MIAMI ENCODE RADIO) 10 HOURS ON AIR CELEBRATING CHINO BIRTHDAY ///////////////////////// NAPP - 4PM FEDE BARGA - 6PM EL CHINO DREADLION - 8PM DJ CARLOS G - 10PM DJ ROBERTO TORRES - 12AM ///////////////////////// #WELOVEUNDERGROUNDMUSIC #MIAMIENCODERADIO #NAPP #FEDEBARGA #ELCHINODREADLION #DJCARLOSG #DJROBERTOTORRE #justfeelthebeat #partytime #partypeople #housemusicallmorning #tribal #techno #techhouse #afrohouse #nativeinstruments #traktordj #residentdj #djlife

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EL CHINO DREADLION - LIVE JAN 2024 - WLUM AT (MIAMI ENCODE RADIO)

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 6, 2024 120:34

JAN - 03 - 2024 W.L.U.M LIVE AT (MIAMI ENCODE RADIO) 10 HOURS ON AIR CELEBRATING CHINO BIRTHDAY ///////////////////////// NAPP - 4PM FEDE BARGA - 6PM EL CHINO DREADLION - 8PM DJ CARLOS G - 10PM DJ ROBERTO TORRES - 12AM ///////////////////////// #WELOVEUNDERGROUNDMUSIC #MIAMIENCODERADIO #NAPP #FEDEBARGA #ELCHINODREADLION #DJCARLOSG #DJROBERTOTORRE #justfeelthebeat #partytime #partypeople #housemusicallmorning #tribal #techno #techhouse #afrohouse #nativeinstruments #traktordj #residentdj #djlife

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DJ CARLOS G - LIVE JAN 2024 - WLUM AT (MIAMI ENCODE RADIO)

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Play Episode Listen Later Jan 6, 2024 120:24

JAN - 03 - 2024 W.L.U.M LIVE AT (MIAMI ENCODE RADIO) 10 HOURS ON AIR CELEBRATING CHINO BIRTHDAY ///////////////////////// NAPP - 4PM FEDE BARGA - 6PM EL CHINO DREADLION - 8PM DJ CARLOS G - 10PM DJ ROBERTO TORRES - 12AM ///////////////////////// #WELOVEUNDERGROUNDMUSIC #MIAMIENCODERADIO #NAPP #FEDEBARGA #ELCHINODREADLION #DJCARLOSG #DJROBERTOTORRE #justfeelthebeat #partytime #partypeople #housemusicallmorning #tribal #techno #techhouse #afrohouse #nativeinstruments #traktordj #residentdj #djlife

DJ ROBERTO TORRES - LIVE JAN 2024 - WLUM AT (MIAMI ENCODE RADIO)

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Play Episode Listen Later Jan 6, 2024 119:19

JAN - 03 - 2024 W.L.U.M LIVE AT (MIAMI ENCODE RADIO) 10 HOURS ON AIR CELEBRATING CHINO BIRTHDAY ///////////////////////// NAPP - 4PM FEDE BARGA - 6PM EL CHINO DREADLION - 8PM DJ CARLOS G - 10PM DJ ROBERTO TORRES - 12AM ///////////////////////// #WELOVEUNDERGROUNDMUSIC #MIAMIENCODERADIO #NAPP #FEDEBARGA #ELCHINODREADLION #DJCARLOSG #DJROBERTOTORRE #justfeelthebeat #partytime #partypeople #housemusicallmorning #tribal #techno #techhouse #afrohouse #nativeinstruments #traktordj #residentdj #djlife

Encode the Minimalist Mindset

success business leadership entrepreneur mindset habits productivity mount everest reject self development professional development minimalists robin sharma jony ive elite performance personal mastery encode everyday hero manifesto

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 28, 2023 2:37 Transcription Available

The secret of mastery (arguably) lives in a single word. Minimalism. I've been teaching this for over two decades. Saying that “minimalism isn't just a design vibe. It's a lifestyle.” Encouraging human beings in fiery pursuit of their private Mount Everests to do less to achieve more.Imagine getting genius at saying no to most opportunities so you say yes to the few that you can execute at peak on?Imagine making products and generating outputs that are gaspworthy because of what you've had the bravery to leave out. Rather than put on. [Thanks Steve Jobs and Jony Ive]. Yes. Go for minimalism. Reject maximalism. And own your domain.If you'd like to learn the tools, habits and daily routines of warriors, billionaires, sages and superstars then read (or listen to) The Everyday Hero Manifesto today. It's a life-changing book. Get it here.FOLLOW ROBIN SHARMA:InstagramFacebookTwitterYouTube

DCR693 – Drumcode Radio Live - Victor Ruiz live mix from Encode, Las Vegas

Adam Beyer presents Drumcode

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 15, 2023 60:03

This week on Drumcode Radio we have a mix from Victor Ruiz, recorded at Encode in Las Vegas, USA.

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Level Lock+ and Schlage Encode Plus Review

The Homeowners Show

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 7, 2023 70:34

Level Lock+ and Schlage Encode Plus Review In this episode Craig and Kevin review two smart locks – the Level Lock+ and the Schlage Encode Plus. If you've ever considered purchasing a smart lock, you need to give these two products a look. The cool thing about the Level Lock+ is that it looks exactly like a traditional deadbolt but has the full functionality of a smart lock. This episode lines out the pros and cons of each. We also have some banter about sports and discuss some interesting real estate facts. Level Lock+ Schlage Encode Plus Buy a Homeowners Show T-Shirt! Subscribe to our YouTube Channel The Homeowners Show Website The Homeowners Show Facebook Page Instagram @homeownersshow Twitter @HomeownersThe Info@homeownersshow.com Sustained Growth Solutions – Design a lead generation system specifically for your business so that you never have to search for leads again! We are a full digital marketing agency. Termisave Email – Warranty your home against the threat of termites.

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Encode the "Undefeatable Positivity" of the World's Most Successful Tycoons

success business leadership entrepreneur habits productivity period positivity self development professional development robin sharma elite performance personal mastery tycoons undefeatable encode everyday hero manifesto

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 31, 2023 2:15 Transcription Available

Tycoons are unbreakable optimists. They value a better world because of their innovations and hope for a richer future because of their inventions. They are masters of entrepreneurship instead of entitlement, really believing that their creativity, productivity, teamwork and contributions to their industry are exponentially more essential to their success than having a fortunate destiny or getting lucky.If you'd like so much more information like this to keep you focused on your mission in these trying times along with science-backed insights and daily practices to increase your happiness, performance and peacefulness......Go ahead and read my latest book The Everyday Hero Manifesto. It's become a worldwide phenomenon because it works. Period.FOLLOW ROBIN SHARMA:InstagramFacebookTwitterYouTube

Sal Cordova and the End of Evolution Part 2

Bob Enyart Live

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 28, 2023

This week Fred and Doug welcome scientist and creation researcher Sal Cordova, a bio-molecular physics researcher. He has published with the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Springer/Nature, Oxford University Press, and Creation Research Society Quarterly. His Christian testimony, life story, and advocacy of Intelligent Design (ID) appeared in the journal Nature. He was featured on national TV, radio, magazines and in the 2008 motion picture "Expelled". He presently holds five degrees: an MS in Applied Physics from Johns Hopkins, a BS in Computer Science, BS Electrical Engineering with a minor in Music, BS in Mathematics with a minor in Physics, an unaccredited MS equivalent in Biology. Sal is presently preparing to enter a doctoral program in Engineering, and graduated Dulles Aviation flight school. He was a senior engineer and scientist in the aerospace and defense industry at MITRE (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research and Engineering) and Army Night Vision Labs. He worked for Cornell genetic engineer John C. Sanford in areas of population genetics and protein biology. Engineering Biology: 1/3 of engineers are graduating into careers in biology because the skill set fits the necessary analysis of God's amazing engineering. Evolution Fairy Tale: See the website that helped Sal Cordova realize that the story of evolution was never even fit for children's story time. Trading Genesis: Sal laments the state of Cristian Academia regarding creation and real science. Survival of the Sickest? Find out how some of the greatest minds in medicine are left explaining that humanity needs disease. Encode Ends Evolution: Hear Sal's insights on the ongoing destruction of evolutionary theory being wrought by the ENCODE project. The Eye of the Beholder: Sal and Fred connect information science, engineering and genetic dots describing, (for example) the incredible design of the human eye. Redefining Fitness: Hear how the publications of leading evolutionary biologists prove their uselessness to anything save further documenting the absurdity of their field. Alu, Transcriptones, and the End of the Argument: While evolutionary biologists tend to view genetic hardware and data as junk, engineers see it for what it is - memory storage units and computer code!

Sal Cordova and the End of Evolution Part 2

Real Science Radio

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 28, 2023

This week Fred and Doug welcome scientist and creation researcher Sal Cordova, a bio-molecular physics researcher. He has published with the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Springer/Nature, Oxford University Press, and Creation Research Society Quarterly. His Christian testimony, life story, and advocacy of Intelligent Design (ID) appeared in the journal Nature. He was featured on national TV, radio, magazines and in the 2008 motion picture "Expelled". He presently holds five degrees: an MS in Applied Physics from Johns Hopkins, a BS in Computer Science, BS Electrical Engineering with a minor in Music, BS in Mathematics with a minor in Physics, an unaccredited MS equivalent in Biology. Sal is presently preparing to enter a doctoral program in Engineering, and graduated Dulles Aviation flight school. He was a senior engineer and scientist in the aerospace and defense industry at MITRE (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research and Engineering) and Army Night Vision Labs. He worked for Cornell genetic engineer John C. Sanford in areas of population genetics and protein biology. Engineering Biology: 1/3 of engineers are graduating into careers in biology because the skill set fits the necessary analysis of God's amazing engineering. Evolution Fairy Tale: See the website that helped Sal Cordova realize that the story of evolution was never even fit for children's story time. Trading Genesis: Sal laments the state of Cristian Academia regarding creation and real science. Survival of the Sickest? Find out how some of the greatest minds in medicine are left explaining that humanity needs disease. Encode Ends Evolution: Hear Sal's insights on the ongoing destruction of evolutionary theory being wrought by the ENCODE project. The Eye of the Beholder: Sal and Fred connect information science, engineering and genetic dots describing, (for example) the incredible design of the human eye. Redefining Fitness: Hear how the publications of leading evolutionary biologists prove their uselessness to anything save further documenting the absurdity of their field. Alu, Transcriptones, and the End of the Argument: While evolutionary biologists tend to view genetic hardware and data as junk, engineers see it for what it is - memory storage units and computer code!

Non-coding RNA Puppets

Diffusion Science radio

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 11, 2023

From 2014: Turn another human into your hand puppet by Ian Woolf, Leonard Lipovich explains non-coding RNA, ENCODE and CHARGE, Hosted and Produced by Ian Woolf Support Diffusion by making a contribution Support Diffusion by buying through affiliate links

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27. Activate your voice to encode your life

The Sage & The Song

Play Episode Listen Later May 18, 2023 46:57

Though the power of our voice, we can *literally* encode our life. Today we're exploring how speaking, chanting and singing are tried and true methods to manifestation and creating a reality we are delighted to inhabit. In this episode of The Sage & The Song I share what I mean by "voice activation", and specifically how our voice plays a central role in weaving the tapestry of our reality in an empowering way. See below for links and references made in the episode. The Song: "Om Gam Ganapataye Namaha" - traditional mantra arranged + performed by Britta GreenViolet + Benjamin Gould. Sound production + music for this and all episodes by Benjamin Gould of Bell & Branch, designing custom soundscapes for use in professional settings. Explore Ben's work or inquire about his services at bellandbranch.com References in this episode: Mantra Magic - a 7-day chanting challenge The Voice Activation Bundle - get 40% off on 4 x voice courses

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Encode the 10x3 Rule for the Language of Leadership

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Play Episode Listen Later May 16, 2023 2:30 Transcription Available

Too many good souls among us are sloppy with their vocabulary. Speaking of negativity and difficulty in a world filled with overwhelming opportunity, for those with the eyes/perception/wisdom to see it.So stand true to your right to be great. And talk like the leader, visionary and possibilitarian you are.It won't be easy (world-class never is). It will, however, be worth it.If you'd like to learn the tools, habits and daily routines of warriors, billionaires, sages and superstars then read (or listen to) The Everyday Hero Manifesto today. It's a life-changing book. Get it here.FOLLOW ROBIN SHARMA:InstagramFacebookTwitterYouTube

Nature Is the High Performer's Perfect Refuel

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 29, 2022 4:02 Transcription Available

Encode the weekly ritual of a nature walk. This form of “active recovery” allows your brain to create connections and solve big problems, without you even knowing it. Long restorative walking is an activity used by many of the world's most heroic humans including Churchill, Charles Dickens, Steve Jobs and Madame Curie. Nature is a gorgeous purifier. Toxic people don't transform the world. I explain my entire weekly planning process in my latest book The Everyday Hero Manifesto as it's exceedingly powerful if you seek to get a tremendous amount done in a very short time period. It also creates real-life balance between your work pursuits and your family and spiritual life. ⁣ [Please remember - there can be no authentic success and lasting happiness if your daily schedule is misaligned with your deepest values.]⁣⁣ Go ahead and order it here.FOLLOW ROBIN SHARMA:InstagramFacebookTwitterYouTube

AF - Extracting and Evaluating Causal Direction in LLMs' Activations by Fabien Roger

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 14, 2022 18:44

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Extracting and Evaluating Causal Direction in LLMs' Activations, published by Fabien Roger on December 14, 2022 on The AI Alignment Forum. This post was written by Fabien at SaferAI. Simeon has prompted Fabien in relevant directions and has provided valuable feedback. Thanks to Jean-Stanislas Denain, Alexandre Variengien, Charbel-Raphael Segerie, and Nicole Nohemi for providing helpful feedback on early experiments and drafts of this post. In this post I describe a method to evaluate that a specific direction encodes information relative to a specific concept, I use it to evaluate how good directions found through probing techniques are, I present a way of using causal intervention to find directions that maximally encode information relative to a specific concept, which I call Causal Direction Extraction (CDE), I present some preliminary results about the directions found through Causal Direction Extraction One of the main goals of this post is to get suggestions on further experiments to run. I think the current data I gathered is not strong enough to prove or disprove claims like “CDE finds a direction, which mostly captures the concept of gender in GPT-J”, but further experiments could. The code for all experiments is available here. How to Evaluate How Much a Direction Encodes a Concept What It Means for a Direction to Encode a Concept Let's say you have a neural network N. Let NL be the network after that, such that for all input x, N>L(N

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Encode THIS Key Habit as Part of Your Pristine Morning Routine

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Play Episode Listen Later Nov 2, 2022 3:29 Transcription Available

Sweating via intense exercise most mornings multiplies your income, energy and contribution. It just does. It really will change your performance and life if you do it daily. If you'd like to significantly increase your happiness via real-world habits and practices that I've previously only shared with many of the world's most successful people including business titans, sports icons and movement-makers, definitely go ahead and read my latest book The Everyday Hero Manifesto.It'll completely upgrade your personal and business life—and protect you from all the negativity and volatility that's everywhere. It's one of the bestselling books in the world right now for a reason: it really really really WORKS.Go ahead and order it here. FOLLOW ROBIN SHARMA:InstagramFacebookTwitterYouTube

Encode THIS Habit for a Strong 2023

success business leadership entrepreneur habits productivity habit steve jobs charles dickens self development churchill professional development robin sharma elite performance personal mastery encode madame curie everyday hero manifesto

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 20, 2022 2:32 Transcription Available

Encode the habit of a daily nature walk. This form of “active recovery” allows your brain to create connections and solve big problems, without you even knowing it. Long restorative walking is an activity used by many of the world's most heroic humans including Churchill, Charles Dickens, Steve Jobs and Madame Curie.[I explain my entire creative and productive process in my #1 bestseller The Everyday Hero Manifesto; definitely get your copy here].*****FOLLOW ROBIN SHARMA:InstagramFacebookTwitterYouTube

Encode THESE Daily Practices to Electrify Your Positivity [10-Minute Episode]

success business leadership entrepreneur habits productivity practices positivity self development professional development 10 minute daily practice robin sharma elite performance electrify personal mastery encode everyday hero manifesto

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 26, 2022 11:11

Yes, we do live in an extremely strange and uncertain and complex world right now.And yet, such times are precisely when heroes emerge. Why wait for them when you truly can become one of them? Approaching each day with a mind set to serve and a heart devoted to unusual helpfulness will electrify your positivity. And make your mark on society. If you'd like to significantly increase your happiness via real-world habits and practices that I've previously only shared with many of the world's most successful people including business titans, sports icons and movement-makers, definitely go ahead and read my latest book The Everyday Hero Manifesto.It'll completely upgrade your personal and business life—and protect you from all the negativity and volatility that's everywhere. It's one of the bestselling books in the world right now for a reason: it really really really WORKS.Go ahead and order it here.*****FOLLOW ROBIN SHARMA:InstagramFacebookTwitterYouTube

Don't leave happiness to Chance - Encode it in your DNA

Transformation with Martine': Conquer Everything, Compromise Nothing

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 5, 2022

Join my guest, Dominika and I, where will talk about what blocks our happiness and how can we create happiness and encode it in our DNA so that we can smile no matter what the outside world will bring us.

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227: Alakazam and Presto! It's Tony Prestipino!

Voices from The Bench

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 1, 2022 70:57

We are excited to have on good friend and supporter and advocate of our industry, Tony Prestipino from Artifex Dental Laboratory (https://artifexlab.com/). Tony comes on to talk about how he learned about the profession, having a brother who is a prosthodontist and another bother in the lab business, getting into implants, and taking an All-on-X procedure and patenting the procedure. It's hard to find anyone so willing to help anyone willing to ask. Information and how to register for the Race For the Future 8.0 August 28th (https://dentallabfoundation.org/news-events/race-for-the-future/) Information and registration for the Chicago Triathlon (https://www.chicagotriathlon.com/) Register for the FREE Education Day on August 27th (https://dentallabfoundation.org/education-day/) (COME TO THE DINNER!) Donate to Barb or Team Voices From the Bench!!!! (https://fdlt.memberclicks.net/donor-form#!/) Whip Mix (https://www.whipmix.com/)'s new VeriWhirl (https://www.whipmix.com/products/veriwhirl-dental-3d-printed-parts-cleaner/?product=technical_resources) resin cleaning station is the ideal piece of equipment to use in the 3D printed resin post process. It's oscillating, multi-speed stirrer produces a tornado-like vortex every 30-seconds, and guarantees efficient, effective and powerful cleaning whether the units are individual or still attached to the build plate. The two alcohol baths make an effective step-wash system. It cleans more efficiently and there is less alcohol needed, since it is re-used for both a fresh bath and a dirty bath. The VeriWhirl's intelligent design offers features such as Mode, Time, and Start/Stop button display which gives the operator full and automatic control of the cleaning process. A mesh basket used in the wash container makes it easy to keep track of small printed parts when cleaning. The affordable unit's one-year warranty ensures peace-of-mind for the owner. Visit whipmix.com (https://www.whipmix.com/) or call (800) 626-5651 for more information about this great new product. ExoCAD is excited to present their next Insights event October 3-4, 2022, on the sun-drenched island of Mallorca, Spain. Learn how DentalCAD (https://exocad.com/our-products/exocad-dentalcad?utm_campaign=Insights%202022&utm_source=Introtext%20Insights%20sub%20page%20EN&utm_medium=DentalCAD%20product%20web%20page%20EN&utm_term=link), ChairsideCAD (https://exocad.com/our-products/exocad-chairsidecad?utm_campaign=Insights%202022&utm_source=Introtext%20Insights%20sub%20page%20EN%20ChairsideCAD&utm_medium=ChairsideCAD%20product%20web%20page%20EN&utm_term=Link) and exoplan (https://exocad.com/our-products/exoplan?utm_campaign=Insights%202022&utm_source=Introtext%20Insights%20sub%20page%20EN%20exoplan&utm_medium=exoplan%20product%20web%20page%20EN&utm_term=link) can streamline and improve workflows. Connect with friends and colleagues in the industry while collecting CE points* during a full program of software education, partner shows and international guest speakers. Enjoy the exclusive welcome party, featuring fantastic music and food. Join us in making Insights 2022 an event to remember! Register at exocad.com/insights2022 Did you know Asiga (https://www.asiga.com/) has over 500 validated materials on their open material system. And it's growing everyday? By harnessing Asiga's proprietary layer monitoring technology with its smart positioning system and integrated internal radiometer, as a laboratory, you will be able to produce any indication you desire. Whether models, splints, temporaries, or even permanent crowns. Your investment will be future proofed by Asiga's rugged engineering. Providing you with a fast, accurate, and repeatable machine, with a reputation that is time tested in the laboratory industry. If you would like to learn about Asiga's machine or material offerings, please visit the website at asiga.com or contact your favorite dental reseller. Special Guest: Tony Prestipino, CDT.

2 Tips For Combating Brain Fog + How To Encode Memory (The Best of The Menopause Movement Podcast Episode 81)

The Menopause Movement Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 29, 2022 46:58

At 95, your brain should be just as sharp as 24. This is according to Dr. Pamela Wartian Smith, a diplomate of the American Academy of Anti-Aging Physicians. This is something that I always tell the women who go through our programs: It's hard for us to reconcile with our brains still feeling young while our bodies are lagging behind. I can do things with my body now that I couldn't do when I was 18, because I've trained consistently for the past five years, but this is not easy for everyone. But with the combination of nutrition, exercise, cognitive training, socialization, the mindset of staying young and keeping our bodies in good shape… all the things you want to do can be achievable. Retirement is not the end. It's the beginning of a whole new life. You can learn new languages, hobbies, arts, music… all these are so good for your brain. Brain fog is one of the symptoms women experience in menopause. And when it comes to memory, there are some hormones that are involved. In today's episode of The Best of The Menopause Movement Podcast, we talk about ways on how to support brain fog with Rena Yudkowsky, who is a professional memory coach and geriatric social worker. During the podcast, Rena shares how she became a memory coach, the role hormones play in memory and the memory hormone, PLUS: What to do if someone you love has been diagnosed with dementia or cognitive impairment Two tips for combating brain fog Brain fog versus dementia What is encoding memory and how to do it And stay to the end to find out what is normal versus abnormal memory function. What's Discussed in This Episode: [02:40] Rena's background and professional experience [05:00] Role of hormones in memory [07:58] Why sleep matters for everyone [08:21] What sleep does for the brain [09:23] Exercising to maintain the sharpness of the brain [13:04] How to find balance in strengthening the body and mind [13:53] Opportunities of retirement [15:13] What is the memory hormone [18:48] Sally's story [19:58] Why lifestyle modification positively affects people [21:39] Helping someone who is suffering from a cognitive problem [22:55] Advice for people caring for loved ones with cognitive impairment [25:49] What can you do if you have brain fog [26:23] Stop multitasking and be more mindful [30:50] Use your senses to encode a memory [32:47] Not doing things automatically [33:48] Behavior change is hard but not impossible [35:23] The difference between normal and abnormal memory loss or function [38:53] You can fight your genes [40:43] Importance of self talk and not beating yourself down [41:52] Reaching out to people who have memory loss or cognitive impairment See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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Encode Equity

Data Science Ethics Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 29, 2022 35:46

Show Notes on Encode Equity Organizations have flocked to data science as a means of achieving unbiased results in decision-making on the premise that “the data doesn’t lie.” Yet, as data is reflective of the biases in our culture, in our history, and in our perspectives, it is particularly naïve to assume that models will […] The post Encode Equity appeared first on Data Science Ethics.

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"Nature" Confirms Creationist Rejection of Junk DNA

Bob Enyart Live

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 14, 2022

* Nature Paper Confirms RSR Rejection of 'Junk' DNA: A landmark study by 440 researchers working in 32 laboratories aro und the world has so far been able to identify function for 80 percent of the human genome! Real Science Radio co-hosts Bob Enyart and Fred Williams also present six minutes of audio from 1998 when leading evolutionist Eugenie Scott tells Bob that genetic scientists were "over the hump" and affirmatively knew that the pseudogenes had no function and that such junk DNA was therefore evidence against the existence of a Designer. Hear the fundamentalist Bible teacher disagree with the degreed scientist, and guess who science has vindicated? * Notice the Nucleotides in the Trash Bags: :) -->* Hear Eugenie Scott & Bob Spar on Junk DNA: At the beginning of this radio program, hear audio from 1998 from Bob and leading anti-creationist Eugenie Scott debating the merits of the Junk DNA argument! (And see more below). Hear also physicist Lawrence Krauss acknowledge to Bob Enyart that his friend Eugenie was wrong. * ENCODE Project Takes Out the Trash: The project leader for ENCODE (the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) is predicting that eventually, we will learn that "100%" of the genome is functional. (ENCODE Consortium, Dunham, et al., Nature, 2012, pp. 57-74). When the scientist finally reaches the summit, he finds the theologian already there. * Famed Molecular Evolutionist in a Tough Spot: Please pray for Dan Graur. To a young-earth creationist who has been vindicated by ENCODE (and now through 2019 with mountains of consistent data continuously rising up), Dan Graur's angst is our celebration. In 2017 he published, desperately, that based on evolutionary assumptions the human genome cannot be more than at the very most 25% functional. Oh boy. Then in 2019 he acknowledged even more bluntly: If the human genome is indeed devoid of junk DNA as implied by the ENCODE project, then a long, undirected evolutionary process cannot explain the human genome. If, on the other hand, organisms are designed, then all DNA, or as much as possible, is expected to exhibit function. If ENCODE is right, then Evolution is wrong. * 2019 Worm Update: Worm "junk DNA" turns out to control their ability to regenerate, says Harvard's Evolutionary Biology department. So, even with the worms Dr. Graur, it wasn't junk after all. For this show, RSR recommends Dr. Don Johnson's Programming of Life DVD! * Junky Real Science Radio Shows - "Nature" Confirms Creationist Rejection of Junk DNA (this webpage) - Bob Debates an Evolutionist 1998 DVD (from our archives) - RSR: Enyart Exhumes Eugenie Scott (2005 radio program: show summary copied here...) * RSR: Bob Debates Ph.D. Evolutionist Eugenie Scott: One of the world's leading anti-creationists vs. Bob Enyart. The debate is decided in the first round, by TKO. That's after Bob asked the well-known scientist for any evidence that any high-level function had ever evolved, like eyesight, or hearing, or flight, or mobility in general? Through the hour-long debate, this evolutionist refused to offer any such evidence but finally settled on a claim of evidence against design, which was: junk DNA! * JUNK DNA: Eugenie Flubs Genetics Prediction, Creationist Hits the Bull's-eye. The negative evidence that Eugenie did offer was Junk DNA. This scientist, from her Darwinist worldview, therefore didn't offer scientific evidence but made this philosophical argument about what a Creator would or would not do; namely, that He wouldn't fill our genome with so much non-protein-coding DNA. While some simple worms have 20,000 genes, it is typically a small portion of DNA that actually codes for proteins. A human has only 20,500 genes, which fills only 2% of our genome. Yet the widespread evolutionary claim for decades (including through the last two decades, and for many, still held today) was that the rest of the genome was left-over evolutionary garbage. Debating this physical anthropologist, Bob Enyart was just a Christian fundamentalist talk show host who spoke from his biblical worldview. Bob argued that our knowledge of genetics was in its infancy, and that it was too early to make the determination that all those non-coding segments of DNA had no function. After this 1998 debate, the next decade of explosive genetic discoveries overwhelmingly validated this creationist perspective, so much so that aside from coding for 20,500 proteins, it is estimated that the remainder of the genome has approximately four million other functional regulatory segments of DNA. So much for junk. Fulfilled predictions, as the world saw with Einstein's 1919 eclipse prediction, go toward scientific credibility. However, Dr. Scott strongly rejected this creationist prediction making an extraordinary claim, which Bob immediately offered her to retract, that scientists currently knew everything they would ever need to know about genetics to conclusively state that all those regions were useless junk. Bob would love a rematch. But Eugenie Scott, (Ph.D. in Physical Anthropology, leading anti-creationist, and director of the National Center for Science Education), who had just debated evolution on a nationwide PBS television program, ended this one-hour program with Bob stating, "Well, I don't debate." * The Diet Pop Junk DNA Syndrome: Junk DNA = Junk Science. Junk DNA was a science stopper. The many Darwinists who strongly pushed (and many still do) the Junk DNA claim predicted that nearly 100% of the entire human genome, the portion that was non-coding, was mostly just left-over junk DNA. It's like a diet cola having NO sugar, NO calories, NO cholesterol, NO fiber, NO protein, NO carbs, NO sodium, NO fat. One wonders what in the world gives it its taste. So from the 1970s it's not surprising, assuming as they did that nearly 95% or so of the DNA was junk anyway, that evolutionists could make such sloppy claims about DNA reinforcing the Darwinian tree. However, now, with the List of Genomes that Just Don't Fit, evolutionary geneticists have falsified the claim that DNA confirms Darwinian predictions. And all that progress aside, the canard that there's nearly a 99% similarity between humans and chimps should have been falsified merely by a careful look at differences in brain and overall anatomy. * Tossing the Wright Brothers Materials and Tools: Consider the significance of the four million regulatory regions of the human genome as compared to the relatively tiny portion that codes for proteins. The creationist Wright Brothers' design, that is, their regulatory input, so-to-speak, dwarfed the importance of the particular kinds of materials and tools that built their airplane. Other tools and materials could suffice. But all the tools and materials in the world assembled for workers who had no design to begin with would not produce an airplane. Thus the regulatory portion of the genome, including that in epigenetics, very possibly may be the more significant part. And similarly, the design concept of a nucleus itself is far more important than what specific chemistry will implement it. * Another Bit of (Famous) Junk DNA Reclassified: (2013 Update.) First consider this analogy from astronomy. Cosmologists cannot show that a big bang could create the contents of the universe because it's impossible to formulate an explanation for the origin of something if you don't know what that something is! And 96% of what's supposedly in a "big bang universe", all that dark matter and dark energy, is of unknown composition. Thus it's no wonder that even the latest textbooks on big bang nucleosynthesis don't even mention, for example, the production of dark matter! Likewise, because geneticists have difficulty even to defining what a "gene" is (see Moran on Dawkins, for example), evolutionists have oversold their case in calling portions of a genome a "pseudogene". As it turns out, a piece of DNA spectacularly referred to as a functionless piece of junk by famed evolutionist Kenneth Miller apparently has important function, according to a 2013 paper in the journal Genome Biology and Evolution. There's a layman's explanation of this issue written by Casey Luskin. Leading evolutionists misunderstood and thus misused the beta-globin "pseudogene" to make what amounts to a religious argument about what a Designer may or may not be inclined to do. As Luskin explains, Darwinists claimed that "matching mistakes" in various species in this "pseudogene" disproved the claim of a designer. But as it turns out, those "matching mistakes" are actually conserved genetic functionality, so that like Darwinist arguments generally, this evolution claim was based on ignorance and it evaporated as science learned more. Additionally, however, (and this gets to the related question of how much marijuana is smoked by leading evolutionists) the theory of neo-Darwinism itself refutes this popular beta-globin pseudogene claim. For if this segment of DNA had no function (i.e., if it were junk) it would NOT have been conserved by natural selection! Mutations over millions of years would have altered any "mistaken" nucleotides. Thus, by the theory itself, we do not expect to see non-functioning segments of DNA with conserved sequences of junk that arose from mutations over millions of years. Thus, the fact that these segments were conserved pointed directly to their being conserved, and functional (and, by the way, to their being designed). * Can Evolution Proceed One Small Step at a Time? If it is true that there are no "small steps," logically or physically, between monochromatic and dichromatic vision, then at least for this wildly complex vision-system upgrade, Richard Dawkins' Mt. Improbable must be scaled in one huge step. And scaling such a complexity cliff in one step, he himself admits, would be very difficult to advocate. There are no Darwin-friendly small steps between eukaryote (nucleus) and prokaryote (no nucleus), nor between invertebrate and vertebrate, nor between monochromatic and dichromatic vision. Whether you are an extinct fossil or a living species, you either have a backbone or you don't; you either have a nucleus or you don't, you might have monochromatic or dichromatic vision, or not, but you don't have something in between. Post-show Note: Illustrating this nicely the Wikipedia article on transposons states, ironically that transposition elements, "are often considered 'junk DNA'. In Oxytricha... they play a critical role..." And from Scientific American, "The term 'junk DNA' repelled mainstream researchers from studying noncoding genetic material for many years." Today's Resource: Get the greatest cell biology video ever made! Getting this on DVD: - helps you to share it with others - helps keep Real Science Radio on the air, and - gets you Dr. Don Johnson's book as a bonus! Information is encoded in every cell in our DNA and in all living things. Learn how the common worldview of life's origin, chemical evolution, conflicts with our knowledge of Information Science. Finally, information Science is changing the way millions of people think about all living systems! Also, have you browsed through our Science Department in the KGOV Store? You just might LOVE IT! We offer a 30-day money back guarantee on all purchases.

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Encode the Practice of Being a Deep Listener + Embrace Raw Vulnerability

success business leadership entrepreneur deep practice turning habits embrace fall in love productivity vulnerability self development professional development pretending robin sharma elite performance personal mastery encode

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 11, 2022 6:00 Transcription Available

The communicator who listens the best learns the most. If you're doing all the talking you're not gathering and exposing yourself to any new ideas.I've discovered that it's the person asking the questions who is in true control of the conversation. Get great at using brilliant questions sincerely.Turning up the volume of your listening is one of the finest acts of respect you can show another person, especially in this civilization of people who adore hearing the sound of their own voice.Being fully present and genuinely engaged (versus checking messages or rehearsing your answer) as you hear the speaker makes the other person feel important, understood and safe with you. This accelerates trust massively. And trust is the bedrock of a great relationship, whether at the workplace or within your home life.And when you take off the social mask that most human beings wear to look cool and avoid rejection (oh how many gorgeous opportunities are lost because we're too cool to take a risk and possibly look silly!) others begin to fall in love with you. You being real gives everyone around you permission to be real. Create a culture of people working together around an ethical and enthusiastic central purpose so they realize they are able to be themselves and you generate the magic that makes true movements.Pretending to be someone that you're not just to fit in and be liked also consumes huge amounts of emotional energy that is swiftly released to boost your productivity once you have the wisdom and guts to be yourself.FOLLOW ROBIN SHARMA:InstagramFacebookTwitterYouTube

PHP Internals News: Episode 98: Deprecating utf8_encode and utf8_decode

PHP Internals News

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 3, 2022

PHP Internals News: Episode 98: Deprecating utf8_encode and utf8_decode London, UK Thursday, March 3rd 2022, 09:02 GMT In this episode of "PHP Internals News" I chat with Rowan Tommins (GitHub, Website, Twitter) about the "Deprecate and Remove utf8_encode and utf8_decode" RFC. The RSS feed for this podcast is https://derickrethans.nl/feed-phpinternalsnews.xml, you can download this episode's MP3 file, and it's available on Spotify and iTunes. There is a dedicated website: https://phpinternals.news Transcript Derick Rethans 0:14 Hi, I'm Derick. Welcome to PHP Internals News, a podcast dedicated to explaining the latest developments in the PHP language. This is episode 98. Today I'm talking with Rowan Tommins about the "Deprecate and remove UTF8_encode and UTF8_decode" RFC that he's proposing. Hi, Rowan, would you please introduce yourself? Rowan Tommins 0:38 Hi, I'm Rowan Tommins. I'm a PHP software architect by day and try and contribute back to the community and have been hanging around in the internals mailing list for about 10 years and contributed to make the language better, where I can. Derick Rethans 0:57 Excellent. Yeah, that's how I started out as well, many, many more years before that, to be honest. This RFC, what problem is this trying to solve? Rowan Tommins 1:08 PHP has these two functions, utf8_encode and utf8_decode, which, in themselves, they're not broken. They do what they are designed to do. But they are very frequently misunderstood. Mostly because of their name. And because Character Encodings in general, are not very well understood. People use them wrong, and end up getting in all sorts of pickles that are worse than if the functions weren't there in first place. Derick Rethans 1:37 What are you proposing with the RFC then? Rowan Tommins 1:39 Fundamentally, I'm proposing to remove the functions. As of PHP 8.2, there will be a deprecation notice whenever you use them, and then in 9.0, they would be gone forever, and you wouldn't be able to use them by mistake, because they just wouldn't be there. Derick Rethans 1:56 I reckon there's going to be a way to actually do what people originally intended to do with it at some point, right? Rowan Tommins 2:02 So yeah, there are alternatives to these functions, which are much clearer in what you're doing, and much more flexible in what you can do with them so that they cover the cases that these functions sound like they're going to do, but don't actually do when you understand what they're really doing. Derick Rethans 2:20 I think we'll get back to that a little bit later on. You're wanting to deprecate these functions. But what do these functions actually do? Rowan Tommins 2:27 What they actually do is convert between a character encoding called Latin-1, ISO 8859-1, and UTF-8. So utf8_encode converts from Latin-1 into UTF-8, utf8_decode does the opposite. And that's all they do. Their names make it sound like they're some kind of fix all the UTF 8 things in my text. But they are actually just these one very specific conversion, which is occasionally useful, but not clear from their names. Derick Rethans 3:01 It's certainly how I have seen it used in the past, where people just throw everything and the kitchen sink at it, and expecting it to be valid UTF 8, and then at the end, decode. I mean, the decoding was not even part much of this, right? It's just throw everything at it, and then magically it will all be UTF 8. But I reckon that's not really quite the case. When and how does that go wrong? Rowan Tommins 3:26 So what actually ends up happening is, because text doesn't know what encoding it's in. Something that people misunderstand about character encoding is they think it's like, the text is a certain colour, and the computer knows what colour it is. And if you tell the computer to make it a different colour, then it will work. But it's not like that. In the computer, there's just the sequence of binary. And the encoding is how to read that binary as text. And if you tell the computer to read it as Latin 1, it will read it as Latin 1. If you take to convert from Latin 1 to UTF 8, it will assume the input is Latin 1, it will convert to UTF 8 on that basis. If your text actually wasn't Latin 1 in the first place, you're just going to end up with garbage. And some of the worst cases of that is when you already have UTF 8, and then you run utf8_encode on it, because the language doesn't know that you've already got UTF 8, so it tries to read its Latin 1, write it out ass UTF 8 and you get this weird Mojibake. I don't know pronouncing that right. Derick Rethans 4:27 I think it's pronounced Mojibake. Rowan Tommins 4:30 Mojibake. Derick Rethans 4:31 It's a Japanese term, because clearly these things, these issues happened with Japanese text quite a lot because they have a lot more different and difficult characters and encodings as well. With which things often go wrong though? Rowan Tommins 4:44 Using an unco on text that's already UTF 8 is obviously a big one. Usually obvious, but occasionally people just getting a muddle with that. The other thing that often happens is confusing with similar encoding. Latin 1 is often mistaken for a different coding windows 1252. To the extent that web pages labelled as Latin 1, web browsers will assume that they're actually in Windows 1252. These PHP functions don't make that assumption. If your text is actually in Windows 1252, and it's been mislabelled Latin 1, you might still think you're doing the right thing. So I've got Latin 1 text, but you haven't. And then the characters that are different, are going to get mangled again. And there's a few other related encodings that often look the same. There are a few other encodings that look the same at a glance that again, will go wrong on any character that's different between the different encodings. Derick Rethans 5:43 How could a function tell which encoding a certain text was in? Rowan Tommins 5:49 It's tricky. There are libraries out there that try to do it. Some encodings that are sequences of bits that aren't a valid character. So if any of those appear, it's definitely not in that encoding. Unfortunately, a lot of encodings, every pattern of bits has a meaning. It's just not necessarily mean. So you can't look at the string and just tell at a glance. The only way I've seen that does it effectively, is trying to guess based on what language text it might be in. If your text suddenly has a load of symbols in the middle of sentences, you're probably using the wrong encoding. If it's suddenly got a load of capital letters, in the middle of words, you're probably using the wrong encoding. So you can make guesses like that, that ultimately, there are only ever guesses. Derick Rethans 6:38 It's only always going to be a guess, right? You can't really tell for certain what it it is, which I've seen people assume that she can just tell. We have concluded that utf8_encode and decode don't actually do what they say they don't magically encode everything to UTF 8. What if things go wrong? How are errors handled? Rowan Tommins 6:58 If you're converting from Latin 1 into UTF 8, there Latin 1 covers all 256 possible eight bit binary strings. Those will correspond directly to a single mapping in Unicode and therefore in UTF 8. So there are no errors as such, when that happens, but it might not be what you want. One of the most notable ones that's different between these encodings is Latin 1 was standardized in 1985, the Euro didn't exist, then. The euro symbol doesn't have an encoding in Latin 1. If you've got a euro sign, you haven't got Latin 1 text, but you might think you've got Latin 1 text, and it will just encode it to what to a control character, which is where the windows 1252 code page puts the euro symbol, it replaces some control characters in Latin 1. One of the reasons why these character encodings are so easily confused is they've all nicely built to being compatible on top of each other. Latin 1 is deliberately an extension of ASCII. Windows 1252 is deliberately an extension of Latin 1, replacing some control characters. UTF 8 is also based on Latin 1, the first section of Unicode is actually the Latin 1, characters UTF 8 will encode and slightly differently so that it can carry on above 256. So in that direction, you can't actually get an error, you could just get a string, that doesn't make sense. Going back the other way. Unicode has, I think, potentially 11 million or something, and actually, at least a million assigned code points. Latin 1 only has 256. So you can't map all those back. And this function, the utf8_decode just replaces any that it can't match with the question mark. Similarly, if the input string isn't valid UTF 8. Again, if you've just misunderstood what strings doing and you haven't actually got a UTF 8 string in the first place, any sequence that doesn't look like valid UTF 8, again, just gets replaced with a question mark. Completely silently you get no warnings in your logs or anything. So you'll just get a few question marks. And problem is, a lot of people are writing text, mostly in English. So it's mostly ASCII. And all of these encodings agree on those first 127 things including all the letters and digits, most of your text will look fine. But if you're using utf8_encode, some of the accented letters will just look a bit funny. If using utf8_decode some of the characters will just turn into question marks. And you might just not notice that for a while until your applications been in production. And now all your strings a messed up. Derick Rethans 9:48 And I reckon that there's no way to fix that? Rowan Tommins 9:52 No. If you've saved saved the text, particularly with the decode direction. Run utf8_encode wrong, if you're careful and tracked carefully where what you've used, you can retrace your steps back to the original string. But if you've not understood what it was doing in the first place, you might have run it more than once, or put it into a system and then re interpreted it in a different way. And it can sometimes be quite hard to trace back what the original string was. You'll sometimes just have to edit it by hand. And guess that, oh, that's probably any acute because that was the word that was trying to be there. That was probably a curly quote mark that somebody was trying to type and those kinds of things. Derick Rethans 10:35 Talking about curly quote marks, I just found out that those are actually are code points in the windows 1252 encoding. Because I just had to edit a document that had these things in there. But the file was set as... this is UTF 8, which was a lie. It was a lie to begin with. We've established that these functions are pretty much destructive to text potentially, as well as not really doing what they say they do: encode every random stuff to UTF 8 or the other way around. I saw any RFC that you've done some research into their usage, didn't bring up anything interesting to talk about? Rowan Tommins 11:13 Yes, so there's a few things. So what I downloaded, it was last year, actually, I kind of had to pause on this RFC for real life happened a bit to me. So last year, I downloaded the 1000, I think top packages on Packagist, I'm most popular downloads, and went through all the uses, I could say of these functions. There were a handful that were using them correctly, they were checking that their input was Latin 1, or the output they needed was Latin 1. And using these, there were a few of those that were questionable, where they might have mistaken Latin 1 for Windows 1252. And actually, they were going to mess up any Euro signs or any of those few extra things that Microsoft added over the top of those control characters. There were a few using strftime, which can do translated Date Time strings. Those it turns out that functions been deprecated itself now, that will become a non issue, some people will have to find a different solution to that anyway. One of the odder ones that I've seen, which technically works, but only accidentally is people use it for what I describe as armour, where they've got a system that wants UTF 8 text, often encoding as JSON or something like that, where it needs to be UTF 8, they've got some unknown encoding that's not UTF 8, they encode to UTF 8, transmitted through the system. And then on the other end, run utf8_decode and they'll get back the string that they put in, because it never errors, there will always be a mapping of any string of bits that this function will give in UTF 8, it just won't be a meaningful string. You could put a JPEG image through utf8_encode, and you will get a string that is valid UTF 8, it's just not going to be very useful UTF 8. It's kind of a bit of a weird way of doing the thing you might do with base 64, or quoted printable encoding or something like that almost something for transport, it technically works. But this probably isn't the function you want to be doing it with. It's not a very useful encoding. And then there were a good number, which just tried throwing all the functions they could. And I kind of I don't want to call out the people with this. I think they were genuine mistakes, they were genuinely trying to solve a problem. But some of them just in hindsight looking at them or kind of hilarious. I think the one that makes me laugh most is the person who raised the StackOverflow question because their CSV file, some of the fields had grown to 32 kilobytes long, because they'd repeatedly run the same string through utf8_encode so many times, that each time it was encoding a single byte to multiple bytes, and then single bytes of that to multiple bytes. And only when it got to 32 kilobytes in one field, did they question whether they were doing the right thing? By which time their text was probably irrevocably lost in whatever other processing they've done on this file. Derick Rethans 14:22 Excellent encryption. Rowan Tommins 14:24 Yes. Derick Rethans 14:25 The RFC talks about a few other approaches to instead of deprecating utf8_encode and decode. What are the things that you look at? And why did you reject them in the end? Rowan Tommins 14:36 One of the most obvious things you could do? The biggest problem is the name of the functions. Could you just rename them? The problem with that is you'd have to spend a long time doing it because you want to introduce the new name in one version of PHP, then deprecate in a later later version of PHP, and then finally remove. And then at the end of it, you'd have these very specific functions. We could call them latin1_to_utf8 and utf8_to_latin1. If we were designing those functions, if you put an RFC to, to add those functions to the language, it wouldn't pass. There's they're very why, why would we have these specific functions, and we'd still have this problem of Windows 1252, and other related encodings, like Latin 9, which is the official successor to Latin 1, and also has a few differences amongst it. They still wouldn't solve a lot of people's problems. A lot of the people that actually want Latin 1 are going to need the euro symbol. So they don't probably don't actually use Latin 1 any more. Because I guess Canadian French, and Mexican Spanish, need to probably that in one's probably still a decent encoding for but the Western European languages it was originally designed for, probably everyone's going to want a euro symbol. Changing the name just leaves us with these awkward functions still. You could instead or as well add options to them, you could add a parameter to them that indicated what the source or destination encoding was. That defaulted initially to Latin 1, and then you were forced to add it later. And then at least you'd be spelling out what encoding it was. The problem with that is, the more encodings, you add, there's actually quite a lot of code that would need to then be added to the function, and it will be duplicating functions we've already got. Derick Rethans 16:31 Such as? Rowan Tommins 16:32 So we've actually in PHP got three functions that can convert between any pair of encodings, including the ones that these functions do. They're all unfortunately in extensions, which are technically optional. Which is something that the way PHP is modular, means that a lot of things that you'd think were kind of just part of the language are technically optional, for one reason or another. But we've got mb_convert_encoding from the mbstring extension. We've got iconv, which uses an external library of the same name. Derick Rethans 17:09 Are you sure it just doesn't use a GCC function or the glib functionality in PHP? Rowan Tommins 17:14 The iconv function uses whatever iconv is available on the system, and seems to vary quite a lot between systems. Oddly, one online code running tool I tried, doesn't actually recognize 8859-1 as an encoding in the iconv function. I don't know why. Just something about the libraries, that version of PHP was built, built against. The most powerful one we've got but also the least documented is the intl extension, which is built on the ICU library, made by the Unicode Consortium. That has a lot of options around how you handle errors and missing characters and supports a lot of different character sets. Some was completely undocumented, I've tried to write a manual page for it, which will hopefully get merged and put live soon. So at least, there will be some documentation there's a, there's an object that you can use with lots of options. But there's a static method, which just takes a from and to encoding. So that's one option. The mb_convert_encoding is probably the most widely available. And maybe we should be looking at making that MB string, less optional. I don't know what that looks like, because of the way, unless you force people to compile it in a lot of the Linux distros. Distribute every module they can separately, they make optional. Derick Rethans 18:39 But they also make it easy for you to install them then. Rowan Tommins 18:42 They make it very easy to install. So I don't know how many people actually run PHP with just its minimal set of modules. And how many just install a default set. The default set is a bit vaguely defined, unfortunately. So that's one of the my main hesitation with this removal, that although we've got these alternatives, we've got these three alternatives. They've all got slight problems, and they're all optional. Derick Rethans 19:08 But considering that utf8_encode and decode don't actually really do well, they say they do, everybody that had to do character set conversions correctly, would have already been using these functions. Rowan Tommins 19:23 Indeed, yes. So I've seen people misuse all of these. Again, people do just generally misunderstand character encoding. MB string does have a function to guess character encoding. As you're saying earlier, people just kind of assume that that will work. A lot of the time, it can't really tell the difference between different character encodings. It can tell you whether a string is valid UTF 8, it can't tell you whether it's Latin 1 or Windows 1252, or any of these others that are single byte encodings. Derick Rethans 19:52 I think ICU actually as functionality for guessing an encoding as well, but it will give you back an array of possibilities and perhaps even with a confidence. But it's a long, long time since I've looked at that. So I'll have to revisit it. Rowan Tommins 20:08 Yeah, that would at least be a more kind of transparent way of doing it that. And that's I guess what I'm trying to do with removing these, is that if you're forced to specify a pair of encodings, as you do for these other functions, at least hopefully, somewhere in your mind, you're going to be thinking about what encodings you might have, rather than just reaching for the first function you find. Derick Rethans 20:31 Yep, exactly. What is the feedback being so far? Rowan Tommins 20:34 Generally positive. There hasn't been a lot of a lot of comments. But those that have been have generally been supportive. I liked somebody said: All the times they've seen it used, including when they've used it themselves, it's been a misunderstanding. I'd like to hear more feedback of anyone. Anyone does have quite. The main feedback I have had has been around making sure there are alternatives to recommend to people. So anyone who is using these correctly, or nearly correctly, what we tell them to use instead, how do we make sure that's clear, and clearly documented, and we're recommending the right thing. I'm going to think a bit more about that, whether we should be being more definite in recommending one of these options. Particularly I think iconv does seem to have these odd platform issues. They used to be a fourth option. While I was looking at this, they used to be another library called recode. That one seems to have been discontinued. Some references in the PHP manual still refer to recode as an optional option for doing this. But that's been long since shelved. So MB string has the benefit that it doesn't rely on any third party libraries. It's technically a third party library, but it's shipped with PHP, and I don't think anything other than PHP uses it any more. And there have been a lot of there's been a lot of work on that library recently, particularly somebody called Alex Douward, apologies, if you're listening to this, and I pronounce your surname wrong, has done a lot of great work. I've seen recently improving that extension, making sure the detection algorithm is doing as sensible results as it can and improving the test test coverage of that extension and things like that. So that gives me a bit more confidence in that extension, which initially was one of those PHP reinventing the wheel, it felt a bit like, so probably update the RFC to more explicitly say, that's the number one recommended path. Derick Rethans 22:27 And of course, you can link that from the utf8_encode and utf8_decode manual pages as well. Please don't use this instead, do this, right? Rowan Tommins 22:36 Yeah. And that's again, where it can be a nice clear drop in replacement, so that people are using it right. Here's exactly what to what to use instead. But hopefully, while they're replacing it, they may be at least think about whether it was doing what they what they were hoping for in the first place. Derick Rethans 22:55 When do you think you'll be bringing this up for a vote? Rowan Tommins 22:59 Unless I get more feedback, further changes? I'll probably tweak that wording in terms of the recommendation that we'll put to users. Otherwise, probably in the next couple of weeks, unless I hear any more, to see if any last minute criticism comes out the woodwork when people are asked to vote on it. Derick Rethans 23:18 Yeah that always happens, right? No comments when there isn't a request for comments. But loads of comments if people are voting on it, and it makes it to Twitter. Okay, Rowan, thank you for taking the time today then to talk about this RFC. Rowan Tommins 23:32 Thank you very much for having me. Derick Rethans 23:39 Thank you for listening to this installment of PHP internals news, a podcast dedicated to demystifying the development of the PHP language. I maintain a Patreon account for supporters of this podcast, as well as the Xdebug debugging tool. You can sign up for Patreon at https://drck.me/patreon. If you have comments or suggestions, feel free to email them to derick@phpinternals.news. Thank you for listening, and I'll see you next time. Show Notes RFC: Deprecate and Remove utf8_encode and utf8_decode Credits Music: Chipper Doodle v2 — Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) — Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0

spotify english uk japanese microsoft run euro latin windows remove kevin macleod icu generally credits linux github iso mb php decode utf derick distribute stack overflow gcc jpeg json western european csv rfc ascii unicode internals encode datetime mexican spanish unicode consortium canadian french deprecate xdebug

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