Podcasts about Indic

In this thought-provoking episode of SparX, we speak with Pratyush Kumar, co-founder of Sarvam AI, about India's bold journey to build its own large language models (LLMs) and establish true AI sovereignty. Pratyush shares insights into the launch of Sarvam, a homegrown multilingual model capable of handling math, programming, and Indic languages with impressive accuracy. The conversation dives into the challenges and opportunities of creating smaller, cost-efficient models that can be run locally, the importance of Indian-origin data, and how AI must be made accessible across India's diverse linguistic landscape. Pratyush also reflects on his journey from academia to entrepreneurship, the urgency of building open-source tools, and how Indian voices, culture, and context can shape the global AI narrative. The episode touches on:– How Sarvam AI is built differently for India's needs– The importance of voice-to-voice and cross-language translation– Why domain-specific AI could unlock India's full digital potential– What true AI-first organizations and nations should prioritize nowThis is a must-watch for anyone curious about the future of AI, India's place in it, and how we can build a technological ecosystem that reflects and serves our unique context.About SparX by Mukesh BansalSparX is a podcast where we delve into cutting-edge scientific research, stories from impact-makers and tools for unlocking the secrets to human potential and growth. We believe that entrepreneurship, fitness and the science of productivity is at the forefront of the India Story; the country is at the cusp of greatness and at SparX, we wish to make these tools accessible for every generation of Indians to be able to make the most of the opportunities around us. In a new episode every Saturday, our host Mukesh Bansal (Founder of Myntra and Cult.fit) will talk to guests from all walks of life and also break down everything he's learnt about the science of impact over the course of his 20-year long career. This is the India Century, and we're enthusiastic to start this journey with you.Follow us on our Instagram: / sparxbymukeshbansal Also check out our website: https://www.sparxbymukeshbansal.com You can also listen to SparX on all audio platforms!Fasion | Outbreak | Courtesy EpidemicSound.com

Dream big. Do bigger. Rishihood University is calling the bold, the curious, the driven. Are you in? Apply now: https://bit.ly/4mftjgnSahil Aggarwal is a social entrepreneur and educationist. He's the co-founder and CEO of Rishihood University in Delhi NCR. He has also worked as the co-chairman of the National Education Committee at the PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PHDCCI) and was part of the National Committee of Design at the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). Sahil is a trustee and board member at Gateway Education, Sonipat.In this episode, Vinamre and Sahil talk about:-Why problem-solving should be valued more than paper writing in academia, and how institutions can refocus on real-world impact.- Why Indian talent continues to move abroad despite Make in India, and what systemic issues drive this brain drain.-The toxic college–placement cycle, and how Indian education often fails to empower students beyond rote learning.- How we can revive India's legacy of ancient universities like Nalanda and Takshashila through visionary higher education models.- Career and employment tips, including hacks to get hired, how AI will shape the job market, and the pros and cons of startups vs Big 4 firms.- The value of self-effort, spiritual thinking, communication skills, and why we still need universities and professors in the digital age.Watch this episode to learn more about placements, college life, higher education, and how we can retain and nurture talent in India.Timestamps:0:00 - Introduction2:00 - A Day on the Rishihood University Campus11:11 – Why he is prioritizing problem-solving over paper writing16:28 – Why talented individuals are leaving India and moving abroad19:45 – Toxic relationship between colleges and placements24:45 – Solution to the placement problem28:07 – American model of education vs Indian model of education31:59 – Why self-effort matters36:45 – His days at IIT Delhi40:37 – Existential crisis in college life44:08 – The Indian model of education58:14 – Hacks to increase your chances of getting employed1:02:04 – How AI progress will affect the job market in India1:05:48 – Working in a startup vs a Big 4 company1:12:52 – Consequences of overusing devices1:22:52 – Why we need universities and professors today1:25:02 – Hacks to improve communication skills1:27:11 – Indic education and apprenticeship1:32:27 – Importance of religious thinking1:44:17 – Conclusion====================================================================This is the official channel for Dostcast, a podcast by Vinamre Kasanaa. Connect with meLinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/vinamre-kasanaa-b8524496/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/vinamrekasanaa/Twitter: https://twitter.com/VinamreKasanaaDostcast on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dostcast/Dostcast on Twitter: https://twitter.com/dostcastDostcast on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61557567524054====================================================================Contact UsFor business inquiries: dostcast@egiplay.com

En entrevista para MVS Noticias con Ana Francisca Vega, el Dr. Víctor Gómez Bocanegra, epidemiólogo y profesor de la Facultad de Medicina, habló sobre el aumento de los casos de sarampión en México: ya van 232 contagios y una muerte confirmada. ¿Qué lo provoca y cómo prevenirlo? "La verdad es que estamos viendo una emergencia, una alarma, estamos viendo como bien mencionas un incremento de los casos semana con semana", dijo. Comentó que la situación tiene que ver con los esquemas de vacunación, y agregó que siguen pensando que están asociados a los casos que se dan en Texas, en Estados Unidos. Mencionó que se ha observado que en donde se han encontrado más casos es en personas que no están vacunadas. Indicó que se está implementando nuevamente la semana nacional de vacunación, y la invitación es que todas las personas que no han sido vacunadas o que dudan de su esquema de vacunación, que acudan, hasta los 29 años de edad. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

For the past ten years, the Murty Classical Library of India (published by Harvard University Press) has sought to do for classic Indian works what the famous Loeb Classical Library has done for Ancient Greek and Roman texts. In this episode, Jacke talks to editorial director Sharmila Sen about the joys and challenges of sifting through thousands of years of Indic works and bringing literary treasures to the general public, as well as a new book, Ten Indian Classics, which highlights ten of the fifty works published in the collection so far. PLUS bookmaker and book historian Adam Smyth (The Book-Makers: A History of the Book in Eighteen Lives) discusses his choice for the last book he will ever read. Additional listening: 613 Celebrating the Book-Makers (with Adam Smyth) 381 C. Subramania Bharati (with Mira T. Sundara Rajan) 552 Writing after Rushdie (with Shilpi Suneja) The music in this episode is by Gabriel Ruiz-Bernal. Learn more at gabrielruizbernal.com. Help support the show at patreon.com/literature or historyofliterature.com/donate. The History of Literature Podcast is a member of Lit Hub Radio and the Podglomerate Network. Learn more at thepodglomerate.com/historyofliterature. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

rWotD Episode 2902: Sidi language Welcome to Random Wiki of the Day, your journey through Wikipedia’s vast and varied content, one random article at a time.The random article for Monday, 14 April 2025 is Sidi language.Sidi is a Bantu language of Pakistan and India, related to Swahili. Most of the Sidi community today speaks a regional Indic language, mostly Gujarati, mixed with some Bantu words and phrases, and the current number of speakers is unknown. It was reportedly still spoken in the 1960s in Jambur, a village in Kathiawar, Gujarat, by the Siddi. A survey of regional languages conducted by the government of Gujarat in 2016 reported that the language is in danger of extinction.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:00 UTC on Monday, 14 April 2025.For the full current version of the article, see Sidi language on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm generative Amy.

RESUMEN INFORMATIVO 

Episode 91 of The Prakhar Gupta Xperience features Maj. Gen. (Retd.) Gagan Deep Bakshi. G.D. Bakshi is a distinguished Indian Army veteran, author, and defense analyst.Recording Date: March 27, 2025This is what we talked about:00:00 - Intro01:30 – What has War taught GD Bakshi?06:05 – Can Warriors be spiritual?13:07 – GD Bakshi on Death & God20:48 – Indic vs Abrahamic religions32:24 – Modern v/s Ancient Science on Consciousness40:30 – What Was SOMA? India's Greatest Spiritual Secret1:06:45 – What Awakening Really Feels Like and GD Bakshi on Osho1:18:05 – Are Siddhis Real?1:28:48 – GD Bakshi's New Book "DNA: The Language of Vedas"1:41:48 – GD Bakshi Explains his Meditation Experience1:49:13 – GD Bakshi's Message for Prakhar

En entrevista para MVS Noticias con Ana Francisca Vega, Noemí Suárez, subsecretaria de Educación Básica de la SEP, habló sobre que aunque las escuelas en México ya prohíben la venta de comida chatarra, afuera sigue al alcance de los estudiantes. "Está una colaboración de toda la comunidad escolar, de padres, madres de familia, de autoridades escolares, ustedes también, desde los medios, pues han estado dando cobertura", dijo. Comentó que es necesario mencionar que la medida no es a partir de este lunes, sino que entraron en vigencia los lineamientos, pero Vida Saludable es un contenido que se tiene en la Nueva Escuela Mexicana, que se ha trabajado en contenidos curriculares, como en los libros de texto. Mencionó que se abordan temas como la problemática que implica la alimentación de productos con sellos. Abundó que el programa Vida Saludable es un eje articulador de la Nueva Escuela Mexicana, por lo que todas las comunidades educativas lo tienen como una de sus prioridades. "Se trabaja en la comunidad escolar independientemente de la asignatura que se imparta, del grado escolar. Porque como mencionábamos es algo integrador, no es un proyecto, no parte sólo del día de ayer; si no es toda una iniciativa, que viene acompañada también de activación física por ejemplo, pero sobretodo de mucho trabajo y de mucha información por parte de las escuelas", expresó. Indicó que el éxito se medirá con ayuda de los docentes, y la responsabilidad que se tiene como comunidad escolar es estar al pendiente del cumplimiento de los lineamientos.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

A unas horas de que Estados Unidos aplique impuestos recíprocos a productos de varios países y México, la presidenta Claudia Sheinbaum reiteró que su gobierno está preparado. Indicó que una de las respuestas a la imposición de aranceles es el plan México, principalmente para incrementar la producción nacional e importar menos: sin embargo, señaló que esperarán a ver cuál es la posición del gobierno estadounidense. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Extracto del programa principal del CONGRESO FACONAUTO 2025 con la intervención de IFEMA En el marco del Congreso Faconauto, María García de Tuño, representante de IFEMA, destacó la importancia estratégica que tiene esta institución como anfitriona y aliada fundamental del sector de la automoción. Resaltó el valor de contar con un espacio adecuado para eventos del calibre de este congreso, facilitando así el encuentro y colaboración entre distintos actores del sector, incluyendo concesionarios, autoridades públicas y entidades privadas. García de Tuño expresó su agradecimiento hacia Faconauto por la oportunidad de participar y presentar las actividades de IFEMA relacionadas con el sector automotriz. Destacó que la institución lleva varios años acogiendo eventos como el Congreso de Faconauto, consolidando una relación de colaboración que resulta clave para la promoción del sector. Asimismo, señaló la importancia estratégica que tiene IFEMA al ofrecer sus instalaciones para eventos que contribuyen significativamente a potenciar y dinamizar el sector automotriz, reforzando así su rol como punto de encuentro clave para la movilidad en España. Subrayó además el compromiso mutuo para impulsar iniciativas que aporten valor al sector. Como parte de las próximas actividades programadas, mencionó la celebración del Salón MOTORTECH, que tendrá lugar del 23 al 26 de abril, especializado en la postventa automotriz y dirigido especialmente a talleres. Indicó que ya se encuentran en plena preparación de este evento, anticipando su relevancia para la industria. Adicionalmente, anunció la organización del Salón del Vehículo de Ocasión (V.O.), previsto del 3 al 8 de junio, evento que ya está en fase de preparación activa. García de Tuño remarcó que ambos eventos, MOTORTECH y el salón del vehículo de ocasión, representan citas fundamentales para el sector automotriz, reuniendo a empresas y clientes en un entorno orientado al negocio y la innovación. Por último, subrayó la diversidad de eventos especializados que IFEMA alberga relacionados con la automoción, incluyendo MOTORTECH, el Salón del Vehículo Nuevo, el Salón de la Moto y Global Mobility Call, enfatizando la importancia estratégica de estos eventos para la promoción del sector a nivel nacional e internacional, y reiteró la voluntad de seguir colaborando estrechamente con Faconauto. Producción: Fernando Rivas San Julián José Lagunar Herranz Todos los podcast: https://www.podcastmotor.es Twitter: @AutoFmRadio Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/autofmradio/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@AutoFM Contacto: info@autofm.es

Edwin Bryant received his Ph.D in Indic languages and Cultures from Columbia University. He taught Hinduism at Harvard University for three years, and is presently the professor of Hinduism at Rutgers University where he teaches courses on Hindu philosophy and religion. He has received numerous awards and fellowships, published eight books, and authored a number of articles on the earliest origins of the Vedic culture, yoga philosophy, and the Krishna tradition. As a personal practitioner of bhakti yoga for over 45 years, a number of them spent in India studying with traditional teachers, where he returns yearly, Edwin strives to combine academic scholarship and rigor with appreciation towards traditional knowledge systems. His teaching method is to allow the ancient texts to speak in their own voice and through their own terms and categories. Edwin's translation of and commentary on the Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali is specifically dedicated to contributing to the growing body of literature on yoga by providing insights from the major pre-modern commentaries on the text with a view to grounding the teachings in their traditional context. Edwin's most recent published work is a sequel to this by the same publisher entitled Bhakti Yoga: Tales and Teachings from the Bhāgavata Purāṇa. This work, too, seeks to ground the practices of bhakti in the traditional Krishna-centered framework of the Vrindavan devotional traditions. Connect with Dr. Edwin Bryant: WEBSITE: https://www.edwinbryant.org/ INSTAGRAM: @edwinbryant_advaita This event is hosted by ✨ Happy Jack Yoga University ✨ www.happyjackyoga.com ➡️ Facebook: /happyjackyoga ➡️ Instagram: @happyjackyoga Bhakti Yoga Conference at Harvard Divinity School Experience a one-of-a-kind online opportunity with 40+ renowned scholars, monks, yogis, and thought leaders! REGISTER FOR FREE: www.happyjackyoga.com/bhakti-... This conference is your opportunity to immerse yourself in the wisdom of sincere practitioners as they address the questions and challenges faced by us all. Expect thought-provoking discussions, actionable insights, and a deeper understanding of cultivating Grace in an Age of Distraction and incorporating Bhakti Yoga into your daily life.

Esta mañana en palacio nacional, el secretario de seguridad y protección ciudadana, Omar García Harfuch, confirmó que el rancho Izaguirre en Teuchitlán, Jalisco, era un centro de adiestramiento del crimen organizado y descartó que sea un campo de exterminio. Indicó que esto de determinó tras la detención de José Gregorio 'N', 'El Lastra', presunto responsable del reclutamiento para el cartel de Jalisco nueva generación. Así lo dijo García Harfuch. Por su parte la presidenta Claudia Sheinbaum indicó que la fiscalía de Jalisco continúa con aseguramiento del predio, por lo que urgió que la fiscalía general de la república atraiga el caso para esclarecer los hechos. Además, la consejera jurídica de presidencia, Ernestina Godoy, explicó en qué consisten las iniciativas de reforma a la ley general de población y la ley general en materia de desaparición forzada. Reveló que se buscará crear una plataforma única de identidad, como mecanismo de identidad oficial. El INEGI informó que, en la primera quincena de marzo, el índice nacional de precios al consumidor registró un aumento de 0.14 por ciento, respecto a la quincena anterior, con lo que la inflación general anual se ubicó en 3.67 por ciento. En Oaxaca, cinco personas murieron y 10 más resultaron heridas tras un enfrentamiento entre habitantes de San Francisco Coatlán y San Sebastián Coatlán, en la sierra sur del estado. El hecho ocurrió en el paraje El Limar, derivado de conflictos entre ambas comunidades por la recolección de madera en la zona, la cual pertenece, según el gobierno de Oaxaca, a la comunidad de San Sebastián Coatlán. El medio de comunicación catarí, Al Jazeera, confirmó que el periodista Hossam Shabat, murió tras el bombardeo del ejército de Israel en el norte de Gaza. El periodista trabajaba en el servicio de transmisión directa árabe; suman 206 periodistas y trabajadores de comunicación muertos desde que inició el conflicto en la Franja de Gaza. Anoche con dos goles de Raúl Jiménez, la selección mexicana logró el campeonato de la copa de naciones de la CONCACAF, al vencer 2 a 1 a su similar de panamá. Con información de reporteros, y corresponsales, para MVS Noticias, Jiro Montes de Oca.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

We'd love to hear from you. What are your thoughts and questions?In this conversation, Ashutosh Garg shares his remarkable journey from a military background to becoming a successful entrepreneur and author. He discusses his experiences in international business, the significance of the Indian diaspora, and the evolving perspectives on immigration. Ashutosh also delves into his insights on management wisdom derived from Indic scriptures and reflects on the lessons learned from his father, emphasizing the importance of fatherhood in personal development.Main Points:Ashutosh Garg's journey spans multiple countries and industries.He emphasizes the importance of education in Indian culture.The Indian diaspora has significantly contributed to global economies.Ashutosh's podcast aims to create a digital library of knowledge.His books focus on management wisdom and personal development.Diversity, equity, and inclusion are critical in modern organizations.The role of a father is crucial yet often overlooked.Ashutosh's experiences in healthcare have shaped his entrepreneurial path.India's economy is rapidly growing and evolving.Writing has been a transformative process for Ashutosh.Connect with Ashutosh Garg:https://www.equationcoaching.com/gargashutosh@gmail.comhttps://www.linkedin.com/in/coach-ashutoshgarg/https://www.facebook.com/TheBrandCalledYou/

An de leschte Jore goufen et e puer gréisser Drogesaisien zu Lëtzebuerg, als lescht um Findel an zu Bilschdref: Lëtzebuerg wier sécher en Transitland fir Drogen awer et géife keng Indicë ginn, datt et hei am Land Mafia-Strukture ginn.

Explore Thiti (Mahala 1): https://bit.ly/thiti-m1Thiti refers to a lunar calendar day, counted from the first to the fifteenth day based on the moon's phases. As a poetic form, Thiti is structured around the fifteen lunar days of the Indic calendar months. The Guru Granth Sahib includes three such compositions by Guru Nanak Sahib, Guru Arjan Sahib, and Bhagat Kabir Ji. In his Thiti, Guru Nanak Sahib challenges illusions and superstitions, emphasizing devotion and contemplation of IkOankar (the Divine). This twenty-pauri (stanza) composition uses each lunar day as a thematic foundation.Featuring: Jasleen Kaur (⁠https://sikhri.org/people/jasleen-kaur⁠)#Sikhism #GuruGranthSahibJi #GuruGranthSahib #GuruArjanDevJi #IkOnkar #IkOankar #SikhCommunity #Sikh #Wisdom #Sikhs #TGGSPWednesday25

Credits: Clay tablet: By Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg), https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Tablet of the Sumerian Flood Story: By Onceinawhile, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Code of Hammurabi: By Onceinawhile, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Code of Hammurabi - replica: By shakko, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... CodeDeHammurabiLouvre2: By Claude Valette, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Amenophis III: By Kergeo, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Summary account: By Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg), https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Sumerian King List: By Gts-tg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Tomb of Menna: By Ovedc, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Buddhist Stupa: By Aakashaliraza, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Moenjodaro: By Nadzir81, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Aitareya Upanishad: By Ms Sarah Welch, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Vajrasuchi Upanishad sample i: By Ms Sarah Welch, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Mandukya rishi memorial: By Ms Sarah Welch, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... CC BY-SA 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... Code of Hammurabi 80: By Cj Jimenez - https://flic.kr/p/9far8r, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Code of Hammurabi 13: By Emily Louise, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Code of Hammurabi 16: By Paolo Santilli - https://flic.kr/p/fbxuVv, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Code of Hammurabi 58: By Dmitriy Karfagenskiy - https://flic.kr/p/eKkoKb, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... R.F. Harper, The code of Hammurabi King of Babylon: By Wellcome Images - https://wellcomecollection.org/works/..., https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... MS Indic 37: By Wellcome Images - https://wellcomecollection.org/works/..., https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Bilvamangala's Balagopalastuti: By Wellcome Images - https://wellcomecollection.org/works/..., https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Credit: La cortigiana di Babilonia / Panthéon Productions L'eroe di Babilonia / Compagnia Internazionale Realizzazioni Artistiche Cinematografiche Faraon / Zespol Filmowy "Kadr" The Egyptian / Twentieth Century Fox Mohenjo Daro / Ashutosh Gowariker Productions CC BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... Stele of Hammurabi: By Mbzt, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Dendera Deckenrelief 08: By Olaf Tausch, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... CC BY 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... Code of Hammurabi 76: By Colin Barey - https://flic.kr/p/aeGDLA, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Code of Hammurabi 48: By Andrea Gennari - https://flic.kr/p/q8qRGq, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Code of Hammurabi 31: By erin - https://flic.kr/p/5XpXE8, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Code of Hammurabi 91: By Hache Hache - https://flic.kr/p/kPNGtd, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Standard of Ur: By Denis Bourez, SunOfErat - https://flic.kr/p/ejWUWa, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... CC BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... Plan of Babylon RB: By photo CM, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Hammurabi detalle: By AFLastra, Maksim, Dodo, Paz.ar, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Abydos Dynasty: By Iry-Hor, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Archaeological site of Harappa: By Sara jilani, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... Louvre peinture tombe: By Mbzt, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... stupa mound: By Saqib Qayyum, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... Animation is created by Bright Side. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Music by Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Indicó que, ahora, Estados Unidos “va a obligar” al presidente Zelensky a aceptar las condiciones de Putin. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Join us for the opening session of The Jaipur Dialogues Deccan Summit Pune 2025, where distinguished panelists Shefali Vaidya, Rajesh Kumar Singh, Neeraj Atri, Pratik Borade, and Satchidanand Shevde will explore the significance of Cultural Nationalism and discuss strategies for building a strong, unified narrative for Bharat. This insightful discussion will set the tone for the rest of the summit, delving into the essence of national identity and cultural resurgence.

Has Indian history been deliberately distorted? How can we reclaim the true history of Bharat and counter historical whitewashing? Vikram Sampath, Sandeep Balakrishna, Ramesh Shinde, François Gautier, Avinash Dharmadhikari, and Sanjay Dixit will unravel the ways in which historical narratives have been manipulated and discuss the methods to restore and reclaim Bharat's real past. A must-watch for those passionate about Indic history and cultural restoration

This episode we are taking a trip down the Silk Road--or perhaps even the Spice Road--as we investigate references in this reign to individuals from "Tukara" who seem to have arrived in Yamato and stayed for a while. For photos and more, see our podcast webpage:  https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-119 Rough Transcript   Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  This is episode 119: The Question of “Tukara”   Traveling upon the ocean was never exactly safe.  Squalls and storms could arise at any time, and there was always a chance that high winds and high waves could capsize a vessel.  Most people who found themselves at the mercy of the ocean could do little but hold on and hope that they could ride out whatever adverse conditions they met with.  Many ships were lost without any explanation or understanding of what happened to them.  They simply left the port and never came back home. And so when the people saw the boat pulling up on the shores of Himuka, on the island of Tsukushi, they no doubt empathized with the voyagers' plight.  The crew looked bedraggled, and their clothing was unfamiliar.  There were both men and women, and this didn't look like your average fishing party.  If anything was clear it was this:  These folk weren't from around here. The locals brought out water and food.  Meanwhile, runners were sent with a message:  foreigners had arrived from a distant place.  They then waited to see what the government was going to do.     We are still in the second reign of Takara Hime, aka Saimei Tenno.  Last episode we talked about the palaces constructed in Asuka, as well as some of the stone works that have been found from the period, and which appear to be referenced in the Nihon Shoki—at least tangentially.   The episodes before that, we looked at the expeditions the court sent to the far north of Honshu and even past Honshu to Hokkaido. This episode we'll again be looking past the main islands of the archipelago to lands beyond.  Specifically, we are going to focus on particularly intriguing references to people from a place called “Tukara”.  We'll talk about some of the ideas about where that might be, even if they're a bit  far-fetched. That's because Tukara touches on the state of the larger world that Yamato was a part of, given its situation on the far eastern edge of what we know today as the Silk Road.  And is this just an excuse for me to take a detour into some of the more interesting things going on outside the archipelago?  No comment. The first mention of a man from Tukara actually comes at the end of the reign of Karu, aka Koutoku Tennou.  We are told that in the fourth month of 654 two men and two women of “Tukara” and one woman of “Sha'e” were driven by a storm to Hiuga.  Then, three years later, the story apparently picks up again, though possibly referring to a different group of people.  On the 3rd day of the 7th month of 657, so during the second reign of Takara Hime, we now hear about two men and four women of the Land of Tukara—no mention of Sha'e—who drifted to Tsukushi, aka Kyushu.  The Chronicles mention that these wayfarers first drifted to the island of Amami, and we'll talk about that in a bit, but let's get these puzzle pieces on the table, first.  After those six people show up, the court sent for them by post-horse.  They must have arrived by the 15th of that same month, because we are told that a model of Mt. Sumi was erected and they—the people from Tukara—were entertained, although there is another account that says they were from “Tora”. The next mention is the 10th day of the 3rd month of 659, when a Man of Tukara and his wife, again woman of Sha'e, arrived.  Then, on the 16th day of the 7th month of 660, we are told that the man of Tukara, Kenzuhashi Tatsuna, desired to return home and asked for an escort.  He planned to pay his respects at the Great Country, i.e. the Tang court, and so he left his wife behind, taking tens of men with him. All of these entries might refer to people regularly reaching Yamato from the south, from a place called “Tukara”.  Alternately, this is a single event whose story has gotten distributed over several years, as we've seen happen before with the Chronicles.  .  One of the oddities of these entries is that the terms used are not consistent.  “Tukara” is spelled at least two different ways, suggesting that it wasn't a common placename like Silla or Baekje, or even the Mishihase.  That does seem to suggest that the Chronicles were phonetically trying to find kanji, or the Sinitic characters, to match with the name they were hearing.   I would also note that “Tukara” is given the status of a “kuni”—a land, country, or state—while “sha'e”, where some of the women are said to come from, is just that, “Sha'e”. As for the name of at least one person from Tokara, Kenzuhashi Tatsuna, that certainly sounds like someone trying to fit a non-Japanese name into the orthography of the time.  “Tatsuna” seems plausibly Japanese, but “Kenzuhashi” doesn't fit quite as well into the naming structures we've seen to this point. The location of “Tukara” and “Sha'e” are not clear in any way, and as such there has been a lot of speculation about them.  While today there are placenames that fit those characters, whether or not these were the places being referenced at the time is hard to say. I'll actually start with “Sha'e”, which Aston translates as Shravasti, the capital of the ancient Indian kingdom of Kosala, in modern Uttar Pradesh.  It is also where the Buddha, Siddartha Gautama, is said to have lived most of his life after his enlightenment.  In Japanese this is “Sha'e-jou”, and like many Buddhist terms it likely comes through Sanskrit to Middle Chinese to Japanese.  One—or possibly two—women from Shravasti making the journey to Yamato in the company of a man (or men) from Tukara seems quite the feat.  But then, where is “Tukara”? Well, we have at least three possible locations that I've seen bandied about.  I'll address them from the most distant to the closest option.  These three options were Tokharistan, Dvaravati, and the Tokara islands. We'll start with Tokharistan on the far end of the Silk Road.  And to start, let's define what that “Silk Road” means.  We've talked in past episodes about the “Western Regions”, past the Han-controlled territories of the Yellow River.   The ancient Tang capital of Chang'an was built near to the home of the Qin dynasty, and even today you can go and see both the Tang tombs and the tomb of Qin Shihuangdi and his terracotta warriors, all within a short distance of Xi'an, the modern city built on the site of Chang'an.  That city sits on a tributary of the Yellow River, but the main branch turns north around the border of modern Henan and the similarly sounding provinces of Shanxi and Shaanxi.  Following it upstream, the river heads north into modern Mongolia, turns west, and then heads south again, creating what is known as the Ordos loop.  Inside is the Ordos plateau, also known as the Ordos Basin.  Continuing to follow the Yellow river south, on the western edge of the Ordos, you travel through Ningxia and Gansu—home of the Hexi, or Gansu, Corridor.  That route eventually takes to Yumenguan, the Jade Gate, and Dunhuang.  From there roads head north or south along the edge of the Taklamakan desert in the Tarim basin.  The southern route travels along the edge of the Tibetan plateau, while the northern route traversed various oasis cities through Turpan, Kucha, to the city of Kashgar.  Both routes made their way across the Pamirs and the Hindu Kush into South Asia. We've brought up the Tarim Basin and the Silk Road a few times.  This is the path that Buddhism appears to have taken to get to the Yellow River Basin and eventually to the Korean Peninsula and eastward to the Japanese archipelago.  But I want to go a bit more into detail on things here, as there is an interesting side note about “Tukara” that I personally find rather fascinating, and thought this would be a fun time to share. Back in Episode 79 we talked about how the Tarim basin used to be the home to a vast inland sea, which was fed by the meltwater from the Tianshan and Kunlun mountains.  This sea eventually dwindled, though it was still large enough to be known to the Tang as the Puchang Sea.  Today it has largely dried up, and it is mostly just the salt marshes of Lop Nur that remain.  Evidence for this larger sea, however, can be observed in some of the burials found around the Tarim basin.  These burials include the use of boat-shaped structures—a rather curious feature to be found out in the middle of the desert. And it is the desert that was left behind as the waters receded that is key to much of what we know about life in the Tarim basin, as it has proven to be quite excellent at preserving organic material.  This includes bodies, which dried out and naturally turned into mummies, including not only the wool clothing they were wearing, but also features such as hair and even decoration. These “Tarim mummies”, as they have been collectively called, date from as early as 2100 BCE all the way up through the period of time we're currently talking about, and have been found in several desert sites: Xiaohe, the earliest yet discovered; Loulan, near Lop Nur on the east of the Tarim Basin, dating from around 1800 BCE; Cherchen, on the southern edge of the Tarim Basin, dating from roughly 1000 BCE; and too many others to go into in huge detail. The intriguing thing about these burials is that  many of them don't have features typically associated with people of ethnic Han—which is to say traditional Chinese—ancestry, nor do they necessarily have the features associated with the Xiongnu and other steppe nomads.  In addition they have colorful clothing  made from wool and leather, with vivid designs.  Some bodies near Hami, just east of the basin, were reported to have blonde to light brown hair, and their cloth showed radically different patterns from that found at Cherchen and Loulan, with patterns that could reasonably be compared with the plaids now common in places like Scotland and Ireland, and previously found in the Hallstadt salt mine in Central Europe from around 3500 BCE, from which it is thought the Celtic people may have originated. At the same time that people—largely Westerners— were studying these mummies, another discovery in the Tarim basin was also making waves.  This was the discovery of a brand new language.  Actually, it was two languages—or possibly two dialects of a language—in many manuscripts, preserved in Kucha and Turpan.  Once again, the dry desert conditions proved invaluable to maintain these manuscripts, which date from between the late 4th or early 5th century to the 8th century.  They are written with a Brahmic script, similar to that used for Sanskrit, which appears in the Tarim Basin l by about the 2nd century, and we were able to translate them because many of the texts were copies of Buddhist scripture, which greatly helped scholars in deciphering the languages.  These two languages were fascinating because they represented an as-yet undiscovered branch of the Indo-European language family.  Furthermore, when compared to other Indo-European languages, they did not show nearly as much similarity with their neighbors as with languages on the far western end of the Indo-European language family.  That is to say they were thought to be closer to Celtic and Italic languages than something like Indo-Iranian.  And now for a quick diversion within the diversion:  “Centum” and “Satem” are general divisions of the Indo-European language families that was once thought to indicate a geographic divide in the languages.  At its most basic, as Indo-European words changed over time, a labiovelar sound, something like “kw”,  tended to evolve in one of two ways.  In the Celtic and Italic languages, the “kw” went to a hard “k” sound, as represented in the classical pronunciation of the Latin word for 100:  Centum.  That same word, in the Avestan language—of the Indo-Iranian tree—is pronounced as “Satem”, with an “S” sound.  So, you can look at Indo-European languages and divide them generally into “centum” languages, which preserve the hard “k”, or “Satem” languages that preserve the S. With me so far? Getting back to these two newly-found languages in the Tarim Basin, the weird thing is that they were “Centum” languages. Most Centum languages are from pretty far away, though: they are generally found in western Europe or around the Mediterranean, as opposed to the Satem languages, such as Indo-Aryan, Iranian, Armernian, or even Baltic Slavic languages, which are much closer to the Tarim Basin.  So if the theory were true that the “Centum” family of Indo-European languages developed in the West and “Satem” languages developed in the East, then that would seem to indicate that a group of a “Centum” speaking people must have migrated eastward, through the various Satem speaking people, and settled in the Tarim Basin many thousands of years ago. And what evidence do we have of people who look very different from the modern population, living in the Tarim Basin area long before, and wearing clothing similar to what we associated with the progenitors of the Celts?  For many, it seemed to be somewhat obvious, if still incredible, that the speakers of this language were likely the descendants of the mummies who, in the terminology of the time, had been identified as being of Caucasoid ancestry.  A theory developed that these people were an offshoot of a group called the Yamnaya culture, which may have arisen around modern Ukraine as an admixture between the European Hunter Gatherers and the Caucasian Hunter Gatherers, around 3300-2600 BCE.  This was challenged in 2021 when a genetic study was performed on some of the mummies in the Tarim basin, as well as several from the Dzungarian basin, to the northeast.  That study suggested that the people of the Dzungarian basin had genetic ties to the people of the Afanasievo people, from Southern Siberia.  The Afanasievo people are connected to the Yamnayan culture. It should be noted that there has long been a fascination in Western anthropology and related sciences with racial identification—and often not in a healthy way.  As you may recall, the Ainu were identified as “Caucasoid” by some people largely because of things like the men's beards and lighter colored hair, which differ greatly from a large part of the Japanese population.  However, that claim has been repeatedly refuted and debunked. And similarly, the truth is, none of these Tarim mummy burials were in a period of written anything, so we can't conclusively associated them with these fascinating Indo-European languages.  There are thousands of years between the various burials and the manuscripts. These people  left no notes stashed in pockets that give us their life story.   And Language is not Genetics is not Culture.  Any group may adopt a given language for a variety of reasons.  .  Still, given what we know, it is possible that the ancient people of the Tarim basin spoke some form of “Proto-Kuchean”, but it is just as likely that this language was brought in by people from Dzungaria at some point. So why does all this matter to us?  Well, remember how we were talking about someone from Tukara?  The Kuchean language, at least, is referred to in an ancient Turkic source as belonging to “Twgry”, which led several scholars to draw a link between this and the kingdom and people called Tukara and the Tokharoi.  This leads us on another bit of a chase through history. Now if you recall, back in Episode 79, we talked about Zhang Qian.  In 128 BCE, he attempted to cross the Silk Road through the territory of the Xiongnu on a mission for the Han court.  Some fifty years earlier, the Xiongnu had defeated the Yuezhi.  They held territory in the oasis towns along the north of the Taklamakan dessert, from about the Turpan basin west to the Pamirs. The Xiongnu were causing problems for the Han, who thought that if they could contact the remaining Yuezhi they could make common cause with them and harass the Xiongnu from both sides.  Zhang Qian's story is quite remarkable: he started out with an escort of some 99 men and a translator.  Unfortunately, he was captured and enslaved by the Xiongnu during his journey, and he is even said to have had a wife and fathered a child.  He remained a captive for thirteen years, but nonetheless, he was able to escape with his family and he made it to the Great Yuezhi on the far side of the Pamirs, but apparently the Yuezhi weren't interested in a treaty against the Xiongnu.  The Pamirs were apparently enough of a barrier and they were thriving in their new land.  And so Zhang Qian crossed back again through Xiongnu territory, this time taking the southern route around the Tarim basin.  He was still captured by the Xiongnu, who spared his life.  He escaped, again, two years later, returning to the Han court.  Of the original 100 explorers, only two returned: Zhang Qian and his translator.  While he hadn't obtained an alliance, he was able to detail the cultures of the area of the Yuezhi. Many feel that the Kushan Empire, which is generally said to have existed from about 30 to 375 CE,was formed from the Kushana people who were part of the Yuezhi who fled the Xiongnu. In other words, they were originally from further north, around the Tarim Basin, and had been chased out and settled down in regions that included Bactria (as in the Bactrian camel).  Zhang Qian describes reaching the Dayuan Kingdom in the Ferghana valley, then traveling south to an area that was the home of the Great Yuezhi or Da Yuezhi.  And after the Kushan empire fell, we know there was a state in the upper regions of the Oxus river, centered on the city of Balkh, in the former territory of the Kushan empire. known as “Tokara”.  Geographically, this matches up how Zhang Qian described the home of the Da Yuezhi.  Furthermore, some scholars reconstruct the reading of the Sinic characters used for “Yuezhi” as originally having an optional reading of something like “Togwar”, but that is certainly not the most common reconstructed reading of those characters.  Greek sources describe this area as the home of the Tokharoi, or the Tokaran People.  The term “Tukhara” is also found in Sanskrit, and this kingdom  was also said to have sent ambassadors to the Southern Liang and Tang dynasties. We aren't exactly certain of where these Tokharan people came from, but as we've just described, there's a prevailing theory that they were the remnants of the Yuezhi and Kushana people originally from the Tarim Basin.  We know that in the 6th century they came under the rule of the Gokturk Khaganate, which once spanned from the Liao river basin to the Black Sea.  In the 7th and 8th centuries they came under the rule of the Tang Empire, where they were known by very similar characters as those used to write “Tukara” in the Nihon Shoki.  On top of this, we see Tokharans traveling the Silk Road, all the way to the Tang court.  Furthermore, Tokharans that settled in Chang'an took the surname “Zhi” from the ethnonym “Yuezhi”, seemingly laying claim to and giving validation to the identity used back in the Han dynasty.   So, we have a Turkic record describing the Kuchean people (as in, from Kucha in the Tarim Basin) as “Twgry”, and we have a kingdom in Bactria called Tokara and populated (according to the Greeks) by people called Tokharoi.  You can see how this one term has been a fascinating rabbit hole in the study of the Silk Roads and their history.  And some scholars understandably suggested that perhaps the Indo-European languags found in Kucha and Turpan  were actually related to this “Tokhara” – and therefore  should be called “Tocharian”, specifically Tocharian A (Kuchean) or Tocharian B (Turfanian). The problem is that if the Tokharans were speaking “Tocharian” then you wouldn't expect to just see it at Kucha and Turpan, which are about the middle of the road between Tokhara and the Tang dynasty, and which had long been under Gokturk rule.  You would also expect to see it in the areas of Bactria associated with Tokhara.  However, that isn't what we see.  Instead, we see that Bactria was the home of local Bactrian language—an Eastern Iranian language, which, though it is part of the Indo European language family, it is not closely related to Tocharian as far as we can tell. It is possible that the people of Kucha referred to themselves as something similar to “Twgry”, or “Tochari”, but we should also remember that comes from a Turkic source, and it could have been an exonym not related to what they called themselves.  I should also note that language is not people.  It is also possible that a particular ethnonym was maintained separately by two groups that may have been connected politically but which came to speak different languages for whatever reason.   There could be a connection between the names, or it could even be that the same or similar exonym was used for different groups. So, that was a lot and a bit of a ramble, but a lot of things that I find interesting—even if they aren't as connected as they may appear.  We have the Tarim mummies, which are, today, held at a museum in modern Urumqi.  Whether they had any connection with Europe or not, they remain a fascinating study for the wealth of material items found in and around the Tarim basin and similar locations.  And then there is the saga of the Tocharian languages—or perhaps more appropriately the Kuchean-Turfanian languages: Indo-European languages that seem to be well outside of where we would expect to find them. Finally, just past the Pamirs, we get to the land of Tokhara or Tokharistan.  Even without anything else, we know that they had contact with the court.  Perhaps our castaways were from this land?  The name is certainly similar to what we see in the Nihon Shoki, using some of the same characters. All in all, art and other information suggest that the area of the Tarim basin and the Silk Road in general were quite cosmopolitan, with many different people from different regions of the world.  Bactria retained Hellenic influences ever since the conquests of Alexander of Macedonia, aka Alexander the Great, and Sogdian and Persian traders regularly brought their caravans through the region to trade.  And once the Tang dynasty controlled all of the routes, that just made travel that much easier, and many people traveled back and forth. So from that perspective, it is possible that one or more people from Tukhara may have made the crossing from their home all the way to the Tang court, but if they did so, the question still remains: why would they be in a boat? Utilizing overland routes, they would have hit Chang'an or Louyang, the dual capitals of the Tang empire, well before they hit the ocean.  However, the Nihon Shoki says that these voyagers first came ashore at Amami and then later says that they were trying to get to the Tang court. Now there was another “Silk Road” that isn't as often mentioned: the sea route, following the coast of south Asia, around through the Malacca strait and north along the Asian coast.  This route is sometimes viewed more in terms of the “spice” road If these voyagers set out to get to the Tang court by boat, they would have to have traveled south to the Indian Ocean—possibly traveling through Shravasti or Sha'e, depending on the route they chose to take—and then around the Malacca strait—unless they made it on foot all the way to Southeast Asia.  And then they would have taken a boat up the coast. Why do that instead of taking the overland route?  They could likely have traveled directly to the Tang court over the overland silk road.  Even the from Southeast Asia could have traveled up through Yunnan and made their way to the Tang court that way.  In fact, Zhang Qian had wondered something similar when he made it to the site of the new home of the Yuezhi, in Bactria.  Even then, in the 2nd century, he saw products in the marketplace that he identified as coming from around Szechuan.  That would mean south of the Han dynasty, and he couldn't figure out how those trade routes might exist and they weren't already known to the court.  Merchants would have had to traverse the dangerous mountains if they wanted to avoid being caught by the Xiongnu, who controlled the entire region. After returning to the Han court, Zhang Qian actually went out on another expedition to the south, trying to find the southern trade routes, but apparently was not able to do so.  That said, we do see, in later centuries, the trade routes open up between the area of the Sichuan basin and South Asia.  We also see the migrations of people further south, and there may have even been some Roman merchants who traveled up this route to find their way to the Han court, though those accounts are not without their own controversy. In either case, whether by land or sea, these trade routes were not always open.  In some cases, seasonal weather, such as monsoons, might dictate movement back and forth, while political realities were also a factor.  Still, it is worth remembering that even though most people were largely concerned with affairs in their own backyard, the world was still more connected than people give it credit for.  Tang dynasty pottery made its way to the east coast of Africa, and ostriches were brought all the way to Chang'an. As for the travelers from Tukhara and why they would take this long and very round-about method of travel, it is possible that they were just explorers, seeking new routes, or even on some kind of pilgrimage.  Either way, they would have been way off course. But if they did pass through Southeast Asia, that would match up with another theory about what “Tukara” meant: that it actually refers to the Dvaravati kingdom in what is now modern Thailand.  The Dvaravati Kingdom was a Mon political entity that rose up around the 6th century.  It even sent embassies to the Sui and Tang courts.  This is even before the temple complexes in Siem Reap, such as Preah Ko and the more famous Angkor Wat.  And it was during this time that the ethnic Tai people are thought to have started migrating south from Yunnan, possibly due to pressures from the expanding Sui and Tang empires.  Today, most of what remains of the Dvaravati kingdom are the ruins of ancient stone temples, showing a heavy Indic influence, and even early Buddhist practices as well.  “Dvaravati” may not actually be the name of the kingdom but it comes from an inscription on a coin found from about that time.  The Chinese refer to it as  “To-lo-po-ti” in contemporary records.  It may not even have been a kingdom, but  more of a confederation of city-states—it is hard to piece everything together.  That it was well connected, though, is clear from the archaeological record.  In Dvaravati sites, we see coins from as far as Rome, and we even have a lamp found in modern Pong Tuk that appears to match similar examples from the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century.  Note that this doesn't mean it arrived in the 6th century—similarly with the coins—but the Dvaravati state lasted until the 12th century. If that was the case, perhaps there were some women from a place called “Shravasti” or similar, especially given the Indic influence in the region. Now, given the location of the Dvaravati, it wouldn't be so farfetched to think that someone might sail up from the Gulf of Thailand and end up off-course, though it does mean sailing up the entire Ryukyuan chain or really running off course and finding yourself adrift on the East China sea.  And if they were headed to the Tang court, perhaps they did have translators or knew Chinese, since Yamato was unlikely to know the Mon language of Dvaravati and people from Dvaravati probably wouldn't know the Japonic language.  Unless, perhaps, they were communicating through Buddhist priests via Sanskrit. We've now heard two possibilities for Tukara, both pretty far afield: the region of Tokara in Bactria, and the Dvaravati kingdom in Southeast Asia.  That said, the third and simplest explanation—and the one favored by Aston in his translation of the Nihon Shoki—is that Tukara is actually referring to a place in the Ryukyu island chain.  Specifically, there is a “Tokara” archipelago, which spans between Yakushima and Amami-Oshima.  This is part of the Nansei islands, and the closest part of the Ryukyuan island chain to the main Japanese archipelago.  This is the most likely theory, and could account for the entry talking about Amami.  It is easy to see how sailors could end up adrift, too far north, and come to shore in Hyuga, aka Himuka, on the east side of Kyushu.  It certainly would make more sense for them to be from this area of the Ryukyuan archipelago than from anywhere else.  From Yakushima to Amami-Oshima is the closest part of the island chain to Kyushu, and as we see in the entry from the Shoku Nihongi, those three places seem to have been connected as being near to Japan.  So what was going on down there, anyway? Well, first off, let's remember that the Ryukyuan archipelago is not just the island of Okinawa, but a series of islands that go from Kyushu all the way to the island of Taiwan.  Geographically speaking, they are all part of the same volcanic ridge extending southward.  The size of the islands and their distance from each other does vary, however, creating some natural barriers in the form of large stretches of open water, which have shaped how various groups developed on the islands. Humans came to the islands around the same time they were reaching the Japanese mainland.  In fact, some of our only early skeletal remains for early humans in Japan actually come from either the Ryukyuan peninsula in the south or around Hokkaido to the north, and that has to do with the acidity of the soil in much of mainland Japan. Based on genetic studies, we know that at least two groups appear to have inhabited the islands from early times.  One group appears to be related to the Jomon people of Japan, while the other appears to be more related to the indigenous people of Taiwan, who, themselves, appear to have been the ancestors of many Austronesian people.  Just as some groups followed islands to the south of Taiwan, some appear to have headed north.  However, they only made it so far.  As far as I know there is no evidence they made it past Miyakoshima, the northernmost island in the Sakishima islands.  Miyako island is separated from the next large island, Okinawa, by a large strait, known as the Miyako Strait, though sometimes called the Kerama gap in English.  It is a 250km wide stretch of open ocean, which is quite the distance for anyone to travel, even for Austronesian people of Taiwan, who had likely not developed the extraordinary navigational technologies that the people who would become the Pacific Islanders would discover. People on the Ryukyu island chain appear to have been in contact with the people of the Japanese archipelago since at least the Jomon period, and some of the material artifacts demonstrate a cultural connection.  That was likely impacted by the Akahoya eruption, about 3500 years ago, and then re-established at a later date.  We certainly see sea shells and corals trade to the people of the Japanese islands from fairly early on. Unlike the people on the Japanese archipelago, the people of the Ryukyuan archipelago did not really adopt the Yayoi and later Kofun culture.  They weren't building large, mounded tombs, and they retained the character of a hunter-gatherer society, rather than transitioning to a largely agricultural way of life.  The pottery does change in parts of Okinawa, which makes sense given the connections between the regions.  Unfortunately, there is a lot we don't know about life in the islands around this time.  We don't exactly have written records, other than things like the entries in the Nihon Shoki, and those are hardly the most detailed of accounts.  In the reign of Kashikiya Hime, aka Suiko Tennou, we see people from Yakushima, which is, along with Tanegashima, one of the largest islands at the northern end of the Ryukyu chain, just before you hit Kagoshima and the Osumi peninsula on the southern tip of Kyushu.  The islands past that would be the Tokara islands, until you hit the large island of Amami. So you can see how it would make sense that the people from “Tokara” would make sense to be from the area between Yakushima and Amami, and in many ways this explanation seems too good to be true.  There are a only a few things that make this a bit peculiar. First, this doesn't really explain the woman from “Sha'e” in any compelling way that I can see.  Second, the name, Kenzuhashi Tatsuna doesn't seem to fit with what we generally know about early Japonic names, and the modern Ryukyuan language certainly is a Japonic language, but there are still plenty of possible explanations.  There is also the connection of Tokara with “Tokan”, which is mentioned in an entry in 699 in the Shoku Nihongi, the Chronicle that follows on, quite literally to the Nihon Shoki.  Why would they call it “Tokan” instead of “Tokara” so soon after?  Also, why would these voyagers go back to their country by way of the Tang court?  Unless, of course, that is where they were headed in the first place.  In which case, did the Man from Tukara intentionally leave his wife in Yamato, or was she something of a hostage while they continued on their mission?   And so those are the theories.  The man from “Tukara” could be from Tokhara, or Tokharistan, at the far end of the Silk Road.  Or it could have been referring to the Dvaravati Kingdom, in modern Thailand.  Still, in the end, Occam's razor suggests that the simplest answer is that these were actually individuals from the Tokara islands in the Ryukyuan archipelago.  It is possible that they were from Amami, not that they drifted there.  More likely, a group from Amami drifted ashore in Kyushu as they were trying to find a route to the Tang court, as they claimed.  Instead they found themselves taking a detour to the court of Yamato, instead. And we could have stuck with that story, but I thought that maybe, just maybe, this would be a good time to reflect once again on how connected everything was.  Because even if they weren't from Dvaravati, that Kingdom was still trading with Rome and with the Tang.  And the Tang controlled the majority of the overland silk road through the Tarim basin.  We even know that someone from Tukhara made it to Chang'an, because they were mentioned on a stele that talked about an Asian sect of Christianity, the “Shining Religion”, that was praised and allowed to set up shop in the Tang capital, along with Persian Manicheans and Zoroastrians.  Regardless of where these specific people may have been from, the world was clearly growing only more connected, and prospering, as well. Next episode we'll continue to look at how things were faring between the archipelago and the continent. Until then thank you for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

"Savarkar was a great rationalist. The surprising thing is how such a rationalist went completely off the rails in regard to other matters. His writing is full of villains and among the villains are the Buddha, all Buddhists, whom he considered hereditary traitors, Ashoka, Akbar, Tipu Sultan, and then Gandhiji. On the question of Godse and Apte there was no doubt that they were his acolytes, they were his worshippers. Sardar Patel said the problem was that once you create an atmosphere then you don't have to tell anybody to go and assassinate; he reads your lips. You just have to see the publications Savarkar was patronizing... They were only penning hatred and it was all centered on one man -- Gandhiji. Savarkar felt that the Marathas were the real legatees of the Mughal empire and then the damn outsiders, the British, slyly took over. The same thing happens in his own life . He thinks he is the heir to Lokmanya Tilak and then this outsider Gujrati comes and takes the whole prize away. This great disappointment in his life gets centered on one man and becomes hatred. Today, Gandhiji is a great inconvenience because he embodies Hinduism, the collective memory of our people. If Savarkar's line is pursued, then India will become a dismembered nation like Pakistan; society will be riven by hate. This eternal search for purity always ends in that. The difference between Indic religions like Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism from Semitic religions is that ours is an inner-directed search. Everything - pilgrimages, idol worship, mantras etc. is to aid this inner search. When you marry it to the State, religion becomes an instrument of the State. You only have to look at the Jewish religion when Gaza is to be bombed - it just becomes an instrument. Secularism is a way of keeping the purity of religion. It's not anti-religion. Keep religion and the State separate. That is why my book ends with this appeal - Save Hinduism from Hindutva" - Arun Shourie, author, 'The New Icon; Savarkar and the Facts' talks to Manjula Narayan on the Books & Authors podcast.

Pablo Carrasco, uno de los fundadores de Conexión Ganadera, dijo ayer ante los inversionistas que es "inevitable" un concurso para la empresa. Indicó que él no tiene un problema económico “sino moral” por haber perjudicado a los clientes y afirmó que dejará “el pellejo para que este proceso llegue al mejor fin posible”. La videoconferencia estaba originalmente pautada para el jueves de la semana pasada, pero Carrasco la pospuso diez minutos antes de empezar.  Ayer, el empresario se dirigió finalmente por primera vez ante los aproximadamente cuatro mil inversores damnificados por la crisis que atraviesa Conexión Ganadera. Recordemos que la compañía tiene pérdidas estimadas en US$ 250 millones. “Aquí estoy, para poner la cara, no me voy a ningún lado porque yo soy el 50% de Conexión Ganadera. Frente a los inversores y frente a la Justicia, ante ambos yo no me saco esa responsabilidad”, sin importar “cuál era mi tarea en la empresa”, indicó Carrasco al inicio de la videoconferencia. De todos modos, precisó que el responsable de lo comercial y las finanzas de la empresa era su socio, Gustavo Basso, que falleció a fines de noviembre en un siniestro de tránsito en la ruta 5. Sobre la comunicación de ayer, Carrasco señaló que el objetivo era dar a conocer "el desfasaje de ese activo-pasivo" y "qué empresas integran o están respaldando estos desfasajes". En cuanto a la salida de la crisis, Carrasco puso sobre la mesa tres alternativas. Una sería rematar ahora el ganado disponible, lo que consideró la peor opción, porque resultaría en "millones de dólares en pérdida".  La segunda posibilidad que mencionó fue "una liquidación inteligente", es decir vender cada animal en su mejor momento. Por último, Carrasco manejó como alternativa "más remota" que un nuevo socio se integrara a la empresa, aprovechando que Conexión Ganadera tiene hoy "todos los eslabones de la cadena". Según explicó, eso podría atraer a un empresario que "necesite 20 mil toneladas de carne por año o 2 millones de toneladas de carbono secuestrado".

Pablo Carrasco, uno de los fundadores de Conexión Ganadera, dijo ayer ante los inversionistas que es "inevitable" un concurso para la empresa. Indicó que él no tiene un problema económico “sino moral” por haber perjudicado a los clientes y afirmó que dejará “el pellejo para que este proceso llegue al mejor fin posible”. Por otro lado, el contador Ricardo Giovio, contratado recientemente por Conexión Ganadera, dio un diagnóstico crudo de la compañía: planteó que terminó operando como un “esquema Ponzi”, dijo que “asegurar renta fija con venta variable es una timba”, que sus balances no reflejaban la realidad y consideró un problema “la discrecionalidad con la que se manejaba la plata” ¿Qué dicen quienes representan a los inversionistas? Conversamos En Perspectiva con el Dr. Camilo Silvera, abogado que representa a inversores de Conexión Ganadera, República Ganadera y Grupo Larrarte.

Tras la llegada de Donald Trump a la presidencia de Estados Unidos, Asdrúbal Oliveros, economista y socio-director de Ecoanalítica, aseguró que si se eliminan las licencias petroleras, habrá una disminución de 4 mil millones de dólares en flujo de ingresos, repercutiendo en la capacidad de vender divisas, acelerando los niveles de inflación y la devaluación. Indicó que, por el modo de actuar de Trump en otras áreas, no se quedará sin hacer nada con Venezuela, explicando tres escenario posibles sobre las licencias petroleras en Venezuela. «El primer escenario es la eliminación de licencias, los efectos más rudos de esta política se sentirán a final de año» añadió. Oliveros recordó que los niveles de producción de Chevron, Repsol, Maurel and Prom, superan ligeramente los 300 mil barriles diarios, insistiendo en que. tras una medida como esto, eso no caerá a cero, ya que parte de esa producción la asumirá PDVSA, Destacó que la producción petrolera en Venezuela terminó el año pasado en 950 mil y en este escenario se perderían unos 250 mil barriles. Sin embargo, advirtió que el efecto más duro viene en cómo se vende el crudo con sanciones fuertes y los grandes descuentos. «El segundo escenario es que las licencias sean revisadas, hay restricciones, pero no eliminados del todo, habrán impactos, pero no serán tan drásticos como el primer escenario» acotó. El economista insistió en que, en un tercer escenario, se ve que en primera instancia se eliminen las licencias buscando algún acuerdo migratorio, y en el último escenario, y el menos probable, no pasará nada.

India's leadership story is a fascinating journey full of lessons for anyone looking to make an impact.In just two years, opening up the space economy has led to over 100 new startups in aerospace, sparking innovation and fueling the dreams of a new generation of changemakers.And it doesn't stop there—India is heavily investing in future-focused areas like green hydrogen, quantum computing, and the blue economy, showing a clear vision for industries that will define tomorrow.Drawing from its rich heritage, India blends ancient wisdom with modern governance.Texts like the Arthashastra guide policies that empower people and prioritize collective welfare.Initiatives like Aadhaar and participatory governance models reflect these principles in action, bringing millions into the financial mainstream and fostering inclusive growth.Experts believe India's leadership also addresses the need for decolonization—not just in reclaiming cultural pride, but in rediscovering its intellectual confidence.This leadership model, rooted in inclusivity, resilience, and innovation, is steering India into a brighter future. In this episode of The NEON Show, Dr R. Balasubramaniam, author, member of the Capacity Building Commission (Government of Bharat), and Chairperson of the Social Stock Exchange Advisory Committee at SEBI, shares the essence of Indic leadership as explored in his book Power Within.Time stamp00:00 Intro00:12 Dr. Balu's contributions to rural service00:41 Current roles: Capacity Building Commission member & Rhodes Professor00:55 Overview of "Power Within"01:13 Journey: From physician to policymaker02:16 India's traditional wisdom in governance03:08 PM Modi's leadership focus in Balu's analysis05:24 Modi's ethos of service (Seva Bhaav)08:09 Modi's leadership during Morbi tragedy10:06 RSS philosophy: Cultural nationalism & service13:15 Overcoming colonial mindsets to restore pride17:09 Participatory governance: Janbhagidari & Mission Karmayogi23:57 Revamping civil services training26:08 Influence of Ramakrishna Mission's seva philosophy28:01 Panch Pran: Vision for a self-reliant India29:51 Chanakya Niti: Ancient leadership principles34:38 Decisive actions: Doklam, surgical strikes, Pulwama38:14 Challenges in implementing farm laws45:51 Repeal of Article 370: J&K integration50:05 India's balanced foreign policy (Russia-Ukraine, Qatar)52:03 Comparing Modi's leadership to global icons-----Hi, I am your host Siddhartha! I have been an entrepreneur from 2012-2017 building two products AddoDoc and Babygogo. After selling my company to SHEROES, I and my partner Nansi decided to start up again. But we felt unequipped in our skillset in 2018 to build a large company. We had known 0-1 journeys from our startups but lacked the experience of building 1-10 journeys. Hence was born The Neon Show (Earlier 100x Entrepreneur) to learn from founders and investors, the mindset to scale yourself and your company. This quest still keeps us excited even after 5 years and doing 200+ episodes.We welcome you to our journey to understand what goes behind building a super successful company. Every episode is done with a very selfish motive, that I and Nansi should come out as a better entrepreneur and professional after absorbing the learnings.-----Check us out on:Website: https://neon.fund/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/theneonshoww/LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/beneon/Twitter: https://x.com/TheNeonShowwConnect with Siddhartha on:LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/siddharthaahluwalia/Twitter: https://x.com/siddharthaa7-----This videoSend us a text

The life and works of the mysterious Indian yogin, Saraha, who has inspired Buddhist practitioners for over a thousand years. Saraha, “the Archer,” was a mysterious but influential tenth-century Indian Buddhist tantric adept who expressed his spiritual realization in mystic songs (dohās) that are enlightening, shocking, and confounding by turns.  Saraha: Poet of Blissful Awareness (Shambhala, 2024) is the first book to attempt a thorough treatment of the context, life, works, poetics, and teachings of Saraha. It features a search for the “historical” Saraha through evidence provided by our knowledge of the medieval Indian context in which he likely lived, the biographical legends that grew up around him in Tibet, and the works attributed to him in Indic and Tibetan text collections; a consideration of the various guises in which Saraha appears in his writings (as poet, social and religious critic, radical gnostic thinker, and more); an overview of Saraha's poetic and religious legacy in South Asia and beyond; and complete or partial translations, from Tibetan, of over two dozen works attributed to Saraha. These include nearly all his spiritual songs, from his well-known Dohā Trilogy to obscure but important expositions of mahāmudrā, as well as several previously untranslated works. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

The life and works of the mysterious Indian yogin, Saraha, who has inspired Buddhist practitioners for over a thousand years. Saraha, “the Archer,” was a mysterious but influential tenth-century Indian Buddhist tantric adept who expressed his spiritual realization in mystic songs (dohās) that are enlightening, shocking, and confounding by turns.  Saraha: Poet of Blissful Awareness (Shambhala, 2024) is the first book to attempt a thorough treatment of the context, life, works, poetics, and teachings of Saraha. It features a search for the “historical” Saraha through evidence provided by our knowledge of the medieval Indian context in which he likely lived, the biographical legends that grew up around him in Tibet, and the works attributed to him in Indic and Tibetan text collections; a consideration of the various guises in which Saraha appears in his writings (as poet, social and religious critic, radical gnostic thinker, and more); an overview of Saraha's poetic and religious legacy in South Asia and beyond; and complete or partial translations, from Tibetan, of over two dozen works attributed to Saraha. These include nearly all his spiritual songs, from his well-known Dohā Trilogy to obscure but important expositions of mahāmudrā, as well as several previously untranslated works. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/literary-studies

The life and works of the mysterious Indian yogin, Saraha, who has inspired Buddhist practitioners for over a thousand years. Saraha, “the Archer,” was a mysterious but influential tenth-century Indian Buddhist tantric adept who expressed his spiritual realization in mystic songs (dohās) that are enlightening, shocking, and confounding by turns.  Saraha: Poet of Blissful Awareness (Shambhala, 2024) is the first book to attempt a thorough treatment of the context, life, works, poetics, and teachings of Saraha. It features a search for the “historical” Saraha through evidence provided by our knowledge of the medieval Indian context in which he likely lived, the biographical legends that grew up around him in Tibet, and the works attributed to him in Indic and Tibetan text collections; a consideration of the various guises in which Saraha appears in his writings (as poet, social and religious critic, radical gnostic thinker, and more); an overview of Saraha's poetic and religious legacy in South Asia and beyond; and complete or partial translations, from Tibetan, of over two dozen works attributed to Saraha. These include nearly all his spiritual songs, from his well-known Dohā Trilogy to obscure but important expositions of mahāmudrā, as well as several previously untranslated works. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/buddhist-studies

The life and works of the mysterious Indian yogin, Saraha, who has inspired Buddhist practitioners for over a thousand years. Saraha, “the Archer,” was a mysterious but influential tenth-century Indian Buddhist tantric adept who expressed his spiritual realization in mystic songs (dohās) that are enlightening, shocking, and confounding by turns.  Saraha: Poet of Blissful Awareness (Shambhala, 2024) is the first book to attempt a thorough treatment of the context, life, works, poetics, and teachings of Saraha. It features a search for the “historical” Saraha through evidence provided by our knowledge of the medieval Indian context in which he likely lived, the biographical legends that grew up around him in Tibet, and the works attributed to him in Indic and Tibetan text collections; a consideration of the various guises in which Saraha appears in his writings (as poet, social and religious critic, radical gnostic thinker, and more); an overview of Saraha's poetic and religious legacy in South Asia and beyond; and complete or partial translations, from Tibetan, of over two dozen works attributed to Saraha. These include nearly all his spiritual songs, from his well-known Dohā Trilogy to obscure but important expositions of mahāmudrā, as well as several previously untranslated works. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/south-asian-studies

The life and works of the mysterious Indian yogin, Saraha, who has inspired Buddhist practitioners for over a thousand years. Saraha, “the Archer,” was a mysterious but influential tenth-century Indian Buddhist tantric adept who expressed his spiritual realization in mystic songs (dohās) that are enlightening, shocking, and confounding by turns.  Saraha: Poet of Blissful Awareness (Shambhala, 2024) is the first book to attempt a thorough treatment of the context, life, works, poetics, and teachings of Saraha. It features a search for the “historical” Saraha through evidence provided by our knowledge of the medieval Indian context in which he likely lived, the biographical legends that grew up around him in Tibet, and the works attributed to him in Indic and Tibetan text collections; a consideration of the various guises in which Saraha appears in his writings (as poet, social and religious critic, radical gnostic thinker, and more); an overview of Saraha's poetic and religious legacy in South Asia and beyond; and complete or partial translations, from Tibetan, of over two dozen works attributed to Saraha. These include nearly all his spiritual songs, from his well-known Dohā Trilogy to obscure but important expositions of mahāmudrā, as well as several previously untranslated works. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/indian-religions

The life and works of the mysterious Indian yogin, Saraha, who has inspired Buddhist practitioners for over a thousand years. Saraha, “the Archer,” was a mysterious but influential tenth-century Indian Buddhist tantric adept who expressed his spiritual realization in mystic songs (dohās) that are enlightening, shocking, and confounding by turns.  Saraha: Poet of Blissful Awareness (Shambhala, 2024) is the first book to attempt a thorough treatment of the context, life, works, poetics, and teachings of Saraha. It features a search for the “historical” Saraha through evidence provided by our knowledge of the medieval Indian context in which he likely lived, the biographical legends that grew up around him in Tibet, and the works attributed to him in Indic and Tibetan text collections; a consideration of the various guises in which Saraha appears in his writings (as poet, social and religious critic, radical gnostic thinker, and more); an overview of Saraha's poetic and religious legacy in South Asia and beyond; and complete or partial translations, from Tibetan, of over two dozen works attributed to Saraha. These include nearly all his spiritual songs, from his well-known Dohā Trilogy to obscure but important expositions of mahāmudrā, as well as several previously untranslated works. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/religion

Nityānanda Miśra is a Mumbai-based finance professional in the investment banking industry. He specialises in quantitative finance, equity market microstructure, algorithmic trading, and execution consulting. He is an alumnus of IIM Bangalore (2007) and a gold medalist from Gujarat University (2004). Nityānanda is a multifaceted personality—a Sanskrit scholar, a polyglot, a grammarian, a littérateur, an instrumentalist, a musicologist, a researcher, an editor, an author, and a book designer. He has authored thirteen books, including several bestsellers. He is also a professional onomastician, specialising in Sanskrit names. Nityānanda is passionate about Indic culture, literature, music, and arts. He runs a popular YouTube channel, which produces content on these topics.

En entrevista para MVS Noticias con Ana Francisca Vega, Nancy Gocher, Directora de campañas e Incidencia de Oceana en México, habló sobre ¿Realmente comemos bacalao en las fiestas? Rayas, tiburones martillo y toro: Oceana advierte que estas especies en peligro de extinción son vendidas como bacalao en Navidad. "En Oceana nos hemos dado a la tarea de realizar pruebas de ADN a pescados ofrecidos como bacalao, esto sobretodo en estas fiestas decembrinas, que sabemos que es el platillo preferido de muchas familias de la Ciudad de México", dijo. Comentó que desde 2018 están realizando los estudios y encontraron que en 3 de cada 10 especies que han analizado existe una sustitución del bacalao, según las muestras, el 31.5 por ciento. Mencionó que el estudio se ha estado haciendo en pescaderías, restaurantes y supermercados. Indicó que en las pescaderías hay un mayor índice de porcentaje de sustitución, con un 55 por ciento. Abundó que los supermercados tienen un 4.5 por ciento de sustitución; sin embargo, puede depender de que el bacalao es una especie que es importada a México.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Harinder Singh explores Bhai Vir Singh's unique framing of Sikh history at Bhai Vir Singh Sahitya Sadan, Delhi. • How did Bhai Vir Singh perceive and narrate Sikh history?• What lens did he use to contextualize Sikh history within Indic and Western frameworks?• How does his understanding inspire contemporary interpretations of Sikh history? Dive into the wisdom of Bhai Vir Singh and discover how his perspectives continue to shape the Sikh worldview. Featuring: Harinder Singh (https://sikhri.org/people/harinder-singh) #SikhCommunity #Sikhs #BhaiVirSingh #SikhHistory #Sikh #History --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/the-sikh-cast-sikhri/support

Christopher Key Chapple is Doshi Professor of Indic and comparative theology at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles and the founding director of the Master of Arts in Yoga Studies at the same school. He's a specialist in the religions of India and the author of more than twenty books, most recently Living Landscapes: Meditations on the Elements in Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain Yogas and The Samkhya System: Accounting for the Real. He serves as an advisor to multiple organizations including the Forum on Religion and Ecology, the Ahimsa Center, the Dharma Academy of North America, the South Asian Studies Association, and the International School for Jain Studies. Our conversation centered around the five yamas and five niyamas of Classical Yoga. These are essential guidelines for living a profoundly ethical and deeply spiritual life.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Resumen informativo con las noticias más destacadas de Colombia del Jueves 14 de noviembre 9:00am

 Asdrúbal Oliveros, economista y socio-director de Ecoanalítica, aseguró, tras el triunfo de Donald Trump, que este ha dicho algunas cosas sin sentido sobre su respuesta hacia Venezuela, recalcando que para él es una gran interrogante cómo será el nuevo presidente de Estados Unidos con Venezuela y si volverá con la gran presión de su gobierno anterior en una dinámica distinta. Explicó que el tema clave son las sanciones porque tienen un gran impacto en temas numéricos. «Si las sanciones se mantienen exactamente igual a como está ahora, la economía puede tener un crecimiento en torno a 3,5% y probablemente la producción petrolera se estabilice en torno a unos 900 mil barriles diarios, los ingresos al estados venezolano por concepto de petróleo será de 15 mil millones» añadió. Oliveros advirtió que si se imponen sanciones que incluyan la eliminación de la licencia de Chevron, el panorama cambiará para Venezuela, el crecimiento bajará a cero, la producción petrolera podría caer a 650 mil y el flujo de ingresos podría caer en 40%. También te puede interesar: Trump asegura que su plan de deportación iniciará en Springfield con destino a Venezuela Alertó que Venezuela hoy en día es muy dependiente de esas decisiones exógenas, insistiendo en que la relación con el dólar y la inflación, viene por ingresos petroleros, que son el primer oferente de dólares del mercado y siendo el gobierno el exportador del 80% son quienes tiene las divisas. «Este ha sido un buen año para la economía, nuestros estimados hablan de un crecimiento en torno al 5% y la tasa de inflación más baja que puede mostrar el gobierno de Maduro por debajo de 30%, los números macros no son tan malos, pero con los niveles que hubo en 2021, se debe crecer mucho para que la gente lo sienta» acotó. El economista destacó que Venezuela necesita crecer a altas tasas y que se mantenga en el tiempo con acuerdos políticos e institucionales, pero esto no se dará hasta que se resuelva el problema político de base. Indicó que es un triunfo apoteósico para Trump porque ahora controlará las cámaras. «Este triunfo tendrá implicaciones legales directas por todo lo que ha vendido en su campaña. Hay temas claves como Rusia y Ucrania, ya que él declaró que lo resolverá, pero no ha dicho cómo. También ha amenazado con aranceles a China, Europa y México, aunque esta última puede ser un arma de negociación» dijo.

- Estefany de Sousa , corresponsal de Unión Radio en EE.UU., aseguró que los especialistas indican que no se conocerán los resultados de las elecciones de Estados Unidos el día de hoy porque está muy reñida la situación, este mínimo margen de diferencia requerirá de un gran análisis para realmente publicar el ganador. Recalcó que la expectativa con respecto a las elecciones de Estados Unidos continúan siendo muy alta porque las encuestas señalan que están muy reñidas, destacando que el porcentaje de diferencia es de 1 o 2% para definir al ganador. También explicó que esta elección presidencial entre Donald Trump y Kamala Harris ha sido catalogada como las más reñidas de la historia moderna de Estados Unidos. «La situación y el ambiente electoral es muy distinto en Estados Unidos porque no es tan movido en el propio día de la elección ya que pueden votar antes» añadió. De Sousa recordó que más de 81 millones de personas han votado, resaltando que esta es casi la mitad de participación por correo y en ausencia que se tuvo en 2020 con la pandemia. Indicó que son números récords que denotan que hay una gran intención de participación. «Trump ha sido muy insistente en pedirles a los republicanos que votaran a penas su estado lo permitiera» acotó.  La corresponsal señaló que a últimas horas de conocer al ganador es donde va a estar todo el esfuerzo para lograr capitalizar esta votación.

What is the spiritual significance of Diwali, the Indic festival of lights? Learn about the inner light through Dr. Raj's decoding of Lakṣmī, and the various blessings she bestows. Learn all about Diwali in this 90 minute workshop: https://www.indianwisdomschool.com/diwali-workshop The Indian Wisdom Podcast is hosted by Dr. Raj Balkaran, a Sanskrit scholar, seasoned storyteller and spiritual lineage holder. He teaches at the Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies and at The Indian Wisdom School. He is also the author of "The Stories Behind the Poses: The Indian Mythology that Inspired 50 Yoga Postures” and runs a thriving one-on-one spiritual guidance practice. Personal Website: https://rajbalkaran.com Courses (Get a 14-day free trial): https://indianwisdomschool.com Podcast: https://indianwisdompodcast.com

Resumen informativo con las noticias más destacadas de Colombia DEL Viernes 25 de octubre 6:00am

Asdrúbal Oliveros, economista y socio-director de Ecoanalítica, aseguró que, a pesar del contexto actual, los sectores de tecnología, alimentación y servicios profesionales, tendrán un crecimiento. Indicó que este año el sector que más ha tenido expansión es tecnología, con un crecimiento estimado de 15% que abarca servicios de telecomunicaciones como el aumento de la fibra óptica. Oliveros destacó que luego le sigue alimentos, liderado por la agroindustria, siendo este el gasto prioritario de las familias que destinan más del 70% del presupuesto a la comida. Señaló que en tercer lugar están los servicios profesionales como odontólogos, médicos, contadores, donde hay una mejora en el tarifario. «La proliferación de nuevos negocios como supermercados, farmacias y tiendas, también tendrá un auge porque se perdió la cultura del ahorro y la gente prefiere gastar» acotó. Resaltó que la banca ha crecido por el aumento de liquidez, al igual que el sector salud que abarca medicamentos y clínicas. El socio-director de Ecoanalítica recalcó que el último sector es el petrolero que ha aumentado la producción y su desempeño. «Sectores como construcción y manufactura no han tenido un crecimiento similar al de otros rubros» dijo. Sugirió, ante el crecimiento desigual de los sectores en Venezuela, que las empresas se concentren en las dinámicas y variables que si pueden controlar, buscando comprender su entorno y ser flexibles en los cambios que son necesarios para el progreso de la empresa. Te puede interesar: La clave para una lonchera con alimentos balanceados es planificar El economista explicó que las compañías deben ver quién es su cliente, por los cambios en hábitos, y construir una propuesta de valor distinta para ellos. También aseguró que deben evaluar la estructura interna de costos, procesos y metodologías porque la población tiene grandes limitaciones de ingreso y es muy sensible al precio, por eso se deben optimizar los procesos para mejorar la oferta. «El crecimiento de la economía no es tan evidente en las condiciones en las que estamos… En Venezuela, lamentablemente crecer económicamente no significa que todo el mundo mejora» añadió. La resistencia del sector privado en Venezuela ha sido a pesar de su entorno tan adverso, a pesar de la mejora en la relación púbico-privada, se deben introducir mejoras importantes, estimular el crédito, introducir cambios en materia cambiaria, la política salarial debe estimular que los ingresos de la gente crezcan

Why is a dog the vehicle of Bhairava, Śiva's embodied wrath? What does Yudhiṣṭhira insist on a dog accompanying him to heaven? Invoking ferocity and friendship alike, learn the wide range of canine associations in Indic thought. This story is embodied in the yoga poses ūrdhva mukha śvānāsana (upward facing dog) and adho mukha śvānāsana (downward facing dog). Hosted by Dr. Raj Balkaran, a Sanskrit scholar, seasoned storyteller and spiritual lineage holder. He teaches at the Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies and at The Indian Wisdom School. He is also the author of "The Stories Behind the Poses: The Indian Mythology that Inspired 50 Yoga Postures” and runs a thriving one-on-one spiritual guidance practice. Personal Website: https://rajbalkaran.com Courses (Get a 14-day free trial): https://indianwisdomschool.com Podcast: https://indianwisdompodcast.com

Tras los recientes eventos políticos en el país, Rafael Arráiz Lucca, poeta, historiador y ensayista, insistió en que no se puede abandonar jamás el camino del diálogo, ni en las peores circunstancias. «Siempre hay que privilegiar el diálogo, la negociación y búsqueda de acuerdo bajo cualquier circunstancia» dijo. Resaltó que la coincidencia en el espíritu, el perfil y las características de los protagonistas que se sentaron, llegaron a acuerdos y los respetaron en Venezuela, es el convencimiento de que para un buen gobierno, se necesita paz. «No se puede hacer un buen gobierno en medio de terribles diatribas, para gobernar eficientemente, hay que llegar a un acuerdo con adversarios. Sino te pasas la vida en un solo pleito donde no puedes hacer obras» añadió. Recordando varios acuerdos importantes en la historia venezolana, destacó que en 1827, cuando Bolívar viene por última vez a Venezuela para “meter en cintura” al general Páez, se da cuenta de la gran aceptación que tiene este y que enfrentarlo podría desembocar en una guerra civil. Indicó que estos llegan a un acuerdo cuando Bolívar nombra a Páez Jefe Civil y Militar de Venezuela, un cargo que no existía en la constitución. «Cuando Santiago Mariño y José Tadeo Monagas le dan un golpe de estado al Dr. José María Vargas, Páez les tuerce el brazo y trae de vuelta a Vargas del exilio y le devuelve la presidencia, creándose un acuerdo con un militar civilista» acotó. Arráiz Lucca resaltó que uno de los acuerdos que no funcionó de la manera en que se esperaba fue cuando Páez designa canciller a Santos Michelena para que resuelva el tratado de límites entre Colombia y Venezuela, dicho tratado, el Pombo-Michelena, favorecía a Venezuela y el congreso del país no lo aprueba hasta 3 años después, cuando Colombia muestra títulos que demuestran que parte de ese territorio les correspondía. También te puede interesar: Fedecámaras reitera su llamado a un diálogo para que el país “tenga una salida en paz» Referente al Pacto de Punto Fijo, firmado en 1958, señaló que este estuvo redactado por Acción Democrática, Copei y URD, las fuerzas políticas mayoritarias, que reunían el 97% de la población, y buscaba neutralizar a un sector de las fuerzas armadas que no creía en el proyecto democrático. Este se deshizo a los dos años. «Hay una frase de Bolívar en sus últimos días que dice: es preferible un arreglo que un pleito, el no habernos compuesto con Santander nos ha perdido a todos» señaló.

Tras los anuncios en materia económica dados por la vicepresidenta Delcy Rodríguez, Leonardo Buniak, economista y especialista en banca, advirtió que la disminución del encaje legal pueda tener impactos inflacionarios en la economía venezolana si no se coordina apropiadamente con la oferta de bienes y servicios. Explicó que si hay una expansión de crédito bancario que no está acompañada de un aumento de la producción de bienes y servicios para satisfacer la demanda que se va a producir, la consecuencia será inflación. También te puede interesar: Buniak: La baja del encaje legal podría ser un factor de crecimiento en la economía. Buniak aseguró que una disminución del encaje legal va a tener un impacto inmediato en la banca, ya que los recursos que están congelados en el Banco Central de Venezuela, en la proporción que se reduzca el encaje, estarían disponibles para que los bancos puedan financiar la demanda de retiro de los depositantes y financiar el crédito bancario. «El crédito bancario es el factor fundamental para apalancar el crecimiento de la economía venezolana, es un disparador del gasto de consumo privado… Una disminución del encaje legal abriría las puertas al sector bancario para dinamizar el crédito y poder financiar varios formatos» añadió. El economista aseguró que esta medida debe ser coordinada con Fedecámaras para ver el impacto en las empresas y que estas puedan poner bienes y servicios en la calle. También destacó que seguramente las empresas podrán experimentar una mayor demanda crediticia que puede verse reflejado en mayores bienes y servicios, luego vendrán los créditos personales al consumo. «Cuando se sepa cuánto va a ser la reducción del encaje legal, se podrá estimar como se puede repartir la distribución del crédito bancario» acotó. Indicó que aquellas medidas dadas por el gobierno venezolano que implican el desmantelamiento de controles, merecen una ser recibidas de manera positiva.

The Wisdom of Classical Yoga with Christopher Key Chapple Christopher Key Chapple is Doshi Professor of Indic and Comparative Theology and Founding Director of the Master of Arts in Yoga Studies at Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, California. Chris serves on the advisory boards for the South Asian Studies Association, the Forum on Religion … Continue reading "The Wisdom of Classical Yoga with Christopher Key Chapple"

Destination finale de l'été parano : la Côte d'Azur. Dans cet épisode, Gaël et Geoffroy reviennent sur les zones d'ombre qui entourent la mort du célèbre humoriste et décortiquent les théories du complot qui soutiennent que le fondateur des Restos du Coeur a été assassiné par les services secrets français sur ordre de l'Elysée. Musique : Thibaud R. Habillage sonore / mixage : Alexandre Lechaux Facebook  Instagram  Twitter  www.toutsavoir.fr Contact : tousparano@gmail.com

 Tras la inclusión de los billetes de 200 y 500 bs en el cono monetario, Jesús Palacios, economista senior de Ecoanalítica, aseguró que esto no está asociado al pensamiento colectivo que asocia la impresión de billetes con mayor inflación. Explicó que Venezuela está marcada de forma negativa por el pasado con respecto a los cambios en el cono monetario y el aumento de la inflación, pero considera que el país está en un momento distinto en el tema inflacionario. «Es difícil garantizar que en el futuro se mantenga la inflación así, pero hemos pasado de una inflación de 180.000%  en 2019, a pensar cerrar el 2024 en 40%» añadió. Palacios destacó que se ha visto en los últimos meses una moderación de la inflación que venía acumulando el país. También te puede interesar: Tamara Herrera: Nuevos billetes «están en más condiciones de hacer un mercado» Indicó que se ha visto una estabilización de precios a pesar que para el venezolano esto sea difícil de entender. «La canasta ha mostrado una desaceleración en la forma en que suben los precios» acotó. El economista recordó que el billete de 200bs, equivale a 6$ al cambio oficial y 13$ el de 500bs. También señaló que el cono monetario no se hace muy amplio con este cambio, pero es una medida que busca rescatar el uso del efectivo en una economía que está usando más bolívares de nuevo. «La falta de efectivo complica la transaccionalidad en operaciones sencillas como el transporte público y ha llevado una bancarización efectiva del país más alta que otros países de la región» dijo. Recalcó que esta es una ventaja transaccional que busca tener mayor dinámica de consumo y facilitar temas como vuelto.

 Alberto Vieira, presidente de la Federación Nacional de Hoteles de Venezuela (Fenahoven), anunció que sus datos hasta junio muestran una mejoría para ciertos estados con respecto a la ocupación. Indicó que el acumulado de los primeros 6 meses del año mostró a la región capital con más de 40% de ocupación, La Guaira también tiene una ocupación por encima del 50%, Carabobo por encima de 40%, Portuguesa tiene 26%, Barinas 16% y Anzoátegui 19%. También te puede interesar: Ahotanz registró repunte de afluencia de temporadistas en hoteles de Anzoátegui durante Semana Santa Vieira recordó que a través de sus redes sociales publican estas estadísticas. «Este año se vio mermada la actividad turística luego de las elecciones» añadió. Destacó que el turismo de convenciones se ha visto en aumento, sobre todo en la ciudad capital. El presidente de Fenahoven aseguró que el turismo ha cambiado mucho y la tecnología incide en la experiencia del huésped y el sector ha tenido que poner esfuerzos en esto.

How can businesses ensure customer satisfaction in economic relationships? How can they continually elevate the value they bring? And what if AI could fortify your company's foundational strengths? The answer lies in commercial intelligence. Courtney Baker is joined by Knownwell's CEO David DeWolf and Chief Product Officer Mohan Rao. They dive into the transformative potential of AI in solving commercial intelligence problems, highlighting how AI can enhance and augment business processes to sustain and grow economic relationships, making companies more profitable and client-centric. Special guest Dr. Andy Workman, Provost at Widener University, shares insights with Chief Strategy Officer Pete Buer on what business leaders can learn from the challenging economics of running colleges and universities. He discusses how AI can tackle issues like stagnant revenue, high labor costs, and increased competition, drawing parallels between the higher education sector and the corporate world. In our AI in the Wild segment, we introduce Knownwell's Lead Data Scientist, Ramsri Golla, who developed an AI model featured in the Google I/O keynote. Ramsri explains how he and Ravi Theja Desetty trained a model on 15 different Indic languages, showcasing the incredible potential of AI in breaking language barriers and enhancing communication. Watch this episode on YouTube: https://youtu.be/M0RYC3HQMY4  Sign up for Knownwell's beta: www.knownwell.com  AI Knowhow is brought to you by the team at Knownwell.

Personhood is central to the worldview of ancient India. Across voluminous texts and diverse traditions, the subject of the puruṣa, the Sanskrit term for "person," has been a constant source of insight and innovation. Yet little sustained scholarly attention has been paid to the precise meanings of the puruṣa concept or its historical transformations within and across traditions. In Puruṣa: Personhood in Ancient India (Oxford UP, 2024), Matthew I. Robertson traces the history of Indic thinking about puruṣas through an extensive analysis of the major texts and traditions of ancient India. Through clear explanations of classic Sanskrit texts and the idioms of Indian traditions, Robertson discerns the emergence and development of a sustained, paradigmatic understanding that persons are deeply confluent with the world. Personhood is worldhood. Puruṣa argues for the significance of this "worldly" thinking about personhood to Indian traditions and identifies a host of techniques that were developed to "extend" and "expand" persons to ever-greater scopes. Ritualized swellings of sovereigns to match the extent of their realm find complement in ascetic meditations on the intersubjective nature of perceptually delimited person-worlds, which in turn find complement in yogas of sensory restraint, the dietary regimens of Ayurvedic medicine, and the devotional theologies by which persons "share" and "eat" the expansive divinity of God. Whether in the guise of a king, an ascetic, a yogi, a buddha, or a patient in the care of an Ayurvedic physician, fully realized persons know themselves to be coterminous with the horizons of their world. Offering new readings of classic works and addressing the fields of religion, politics, philosophy, medicine, and literature, Puruṣa: Personhood in Ancient India challenges us to reexamine the goals of ancient Indian religions and yields new insights into the interrelated natures of persons and the worlds in which they live. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network