Podcasts about Liao

Fluent Fiction - Mandarin Chinese: A Ring of Hope: Trading Humanity Amidst Ruins Find the full episode transcript, vocabulary words, and more:fluentfiction.com/zh/episode/2025-06-07-22-34-02-zh Story Transcript:Zh: 在一个满是灰尘的破旧城市广场上，坐落着一个临时集市。En: In a dusty, dilapidated city square, there stood a temporary market.Zh: 这里，空气中充满了陌生食物的气息和紧张的交易声。En: Here, the air was filled with the aroma of unfamiliar foods and the sounds of tense trading.Zh: 尽管世界已经衰败，但褪色的横幅还在提醒人们，这里曾经庆祝过端午节。En: Although the world had declined, the faded banners still reminded people that the Duanwu Festival was once celebrated here.Zh: 粽子和龙舟的回忆在空气中回响，似乎在诉说着过往的繁华。En: Memories of zongzi and dragon boats echoed in the air, seemingly telling of past prosperity.Zh: 廖生活在这个世界里，她肩负着照顾弟弟的责任。En: Liao lived in this world, and she bore the responsibility of caring for her younger brother.Zh: 今天，她来到集市，为的是找到足够的食物和用品。En: Today, she came to the market to find enough food and supplies.Zh: 廖的身上只有几件珍贵的物品，其中最珍贵的是奶奶传给她的一枚旧戒指。En: Liao only had a few precious items with her, the most valuable of which was an old ring passed down from her grandmother.Zh: 集市上，人们忙于交换必需品和各自的故事。En: At the market, people were busy exchanging necessities and sharing their stories.Zh: 廖知道，她必须找到一个合适的人来进行交易。En: Liao knew she had to find the right person to trade with.Zh: 维是集市上最有经验的商人之一。En: Wei was one of the most experienced traders at the market.Zh: 他对物品的价值洞若观火，只接受真正有价值的东西。En: He could see through the value of items and only accepted things of real worth.Zh: 廖走到维的摊位，她的小手紧握着那枚戒指。En: Liao approached Wei's stall, her small hand tightly clutching the ring.Zh: “我需要食物和水。”廖简单而直接地说道。En: "I need food and water," Liao said simply and directly.Zh: 维微微皱眉，“你有什么可以交换的？”En: Wei frowned slightly, "What do you have to trade?"Zh: 廖犹豫了一下，然后小心翼翼地展示了她的戒指，“这枚戒指，对我来说意义重大。”En: Liao hesitated for a moment, then carefully showed her ring, "This ring is very significant to me."Zh: 维看着戒指，轻轻摇头，“这很珍贵，但我需要更多。”En: Wei looked at the ring and gently shook his head, "It's very precious, but I need more."Zh: 廖深吸一口气，眼里闪烁着坚韧。En: Liao took a deep breath, her eyes gleaming with resilience.Zh: 她告诉维，那枚戒指是她已故的奶奶留给她的最后一件东西。En: She told Wei that the ring was the last thing her late grandmother had left her.Zh: 没有它，廖心里感到仿佛失去了家人的声音。En: Without it, Liao felt as if she had lost the voice of her family.Zh: 维听着这个故事，心中有了牵动。En: Wei listened to this story and was touched.Zh: 他抬头，看着廖坚定的双眼，终于点了点头。En: He looked up, gazing into Liao's determined eyes, and finally nodded.Zh: “我能感觉到这戒指对你的重要。”维说，“我们可以做一个公平交易，不用拿它。”En: "I can feel how important this ring is to you," Wei said, "We can make a fair trade without it."Zh: 廖心中一暖，她感激地点头。En: Liao felt warmth in her heart and nodded gratefully.Zh: 通过这次交易，她不仅得到了急需的食物和用品，也加强了她对自己交涉能力的信心。En: Through this transaction, she not only obtained the urgently needed food and supplies but also strengthened her confidence in her negotiation skills.Zh: 在走出集市时，廖回头看着维，轻声道谢。En: As she left the market, Liao looked back at Wei and softly thanked him.Zh: 他们的交易见证了即使在困境中，人们仍能互相关心和帮助。En: Their trade witnessed that even in hardship, people could still care for and help each other.Zh: 集市的陶热逐渐模糊在廖的视线中，但她知道，通过这次经历，她学到了更多关于人性的东西。En: The market's bustle gradually blurred in Liao's vision, but she knew that through this experience, she learned more about human nature.Zh: 有时，真诚和脆弱能够带来彼此间的理解与合作。En: Sometimes, sincerity and vulnerability can bring about mutual understanding and cooperation.Zh: 无论世界如何变化，有价值的也许不仅仅是物质，而是心灵深处的联系。En: No matter how the world changes, what is valuable may not just be material but the connection deep within our hearts. Vocabulary Words:dusty: 灰尘dilapidated: 破旧temporary: 临时aroma: 气息unfamiliar: 陌生tense: 紧张declined: 衰败faded: 褪色banners: 横幅prosperity: 繁华responsibility: 责任supplies: 用品precious: 珍贵necessities: 必需品experienced: 有经验trader: 商人frown: 皱眉significant: 意义重大resilience: 坚韧touched: 牵动determined: 坚定fair: 公平transaction: 交易urgently: 急需negotiation: 交涉blurred: 模糊sincerity: 真诚vulnerability: 脆弱understanding: 理解connection: 联系

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Last time we spoke about the first Tientsin Incident. In September 1931, as tensions rose between China and Japan, Commander Zhang Xueliang enjoyed an opera in Beiping, unaware of the impending Mukden Incident. With senior commanders absent, Japanese forces quickly gained local support. Chiang Kai-shek ordered non-resistance, fearing conflict would ruin Northeast China. Meanwhile, Japanese officials plotted to install Puyi as a puppet emperor. Covert riots erupted in Tianjin, orchestrated by the Japanese, leaving the city in chaos as Zhang's forces struggled to maintain order against the well-armed attackers. In a tense standoff at Haiguang Temple, the Japanese military issued an ultimatum to Chinese security forces, citing threats to overseas Chinese. Wang Shuchang ordered a strategic withdrawal, but the Japanese escalated with artillery fire. Despite fierce resistance, the plainclothes attackers regrouped, leading to ongoing skirmishes. Amidst the chaos, Puyi was covertly extracted by Japanese forces, paving the way for the establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo. Ultimately, Japan's aggression continued, deepening tensions in China.   #142 the Jinzhou Operation  Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. When the Mukden Incident occurred, Zhang Xueliang was in Beiping serving in his capacity as the commander of the North China garrison. On the night of September 18, he was at the opera enjoying a performance by the famous singer Mei Lanfang. His deputies were also away from Shenyang: Wan Fulin was in Beiping, and Zhang Zuoxiang was attending his father's funeral in Jinzhou. With the absence of the senior provincial commanders during the Incident, the Japanese quickly gained cooperation from the acting commanders. In Shenyang, Yu Zhishan, the commander of the Eastern Borders Garrison, and in Changchun, acting provincial forces commander Xi Xia, both swiftly aligned themselves with the Japanese. Although the Northeastern Army had approximately 130,000 troops in the region compared to a Japanese force of 40,000 to 50,000, Chiang Kai-shek urgently issued a non-resistance order to the Northeastern troops, which Zhang Xueliang confirmed. It was actually his stance prior to September 18th, as there had been other incidents such as the Wanbaoshan Incident whereupon Zhang Xueliang sent a secret telegram to his subordinates starting on July 6, "If we go to war with Japan at this time, we will surely be defeated. If we lose, Japan will demand that we cede territory and pay compensation, and Northeast China will be ruined. We should avoid conflict as soon as possible and deal with it in the name of justice." A month after this Chiang Kai-Shek sent a telegram to Zhang Xueliang on August 16th "No matter how the Japanese army seeks trouble in Northeast China in the future, we should not resist and avoid conflict. My brother, please do not act out of anger and disregard the country and the nation. I hope you will follow my instructions." As the tensions between China and Japan increased on September 6th Zhang Xueliang sent this telegram to his subordinates "It has been found that the Japanese diplomatic situation is becoming increasingly tense. We must deal with everything and strive for stability. No matter how the Japanese try to cause trouble, we must be tolerant and not resist them to avoid causing trouble. I hope you will send a secret telegram to all your subordinates to pay close attention to this matter." Thus the Manchurian commanders were already well versed in what their stance would be. Chiang Kai-shek's hesitation to engage in combat is understandable; he was concerned about factions opposing him in South China, the potential reformation of the alliance between Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan in North China, and the threat posed by the CCP in Jiangxi, leaving him unable to confront another adversary. Zhang Xueliang's situation was also not as advantageous as it might seem. Although he commanded nearly 250,000 men, only 100,000 to 130,000 were stationed in the Northeast, with the remainder in Hebei. Both Chiang Kai-Shek and Zhang Xueliang most likely believed the League of Nations or the Wakatsuki government in Tokyo would restrain the occupiers eventually, so they were biding their time. According to Nelson Johnson, the American Minister in China, Counselor Yano of the Japanese Legation in Beiping had informal discussions with Zhang, suggesting that Jinzhou would inevitably succumb to the Japanese and that “the Tokyo Foreign Office would gain prestige and be better able to shape events to China's advantage if the Chinese avoided a clash by withdrawing voluntarily.” It was also implied that some of Zhang's supporters might be reinstated in official roles in the new government in Shenyang. Johnson concluded, “Chang is believed to have been led to his present decision by these inducements, along with the bitter hostility toward him at Nanking and the lack of support from that quarter.” In essence, Zhang was effectively coerced into non-resistance by both sides. Certainly, in December 1931, with no hope for international intervention and the Nanjing government in turmoil following Chiang Kai-shek's temporary resignation, Zhang's options were severely limited. The Kwantung Army received clear instructions not to move beyond the South Manchurian railway zone, which hindered the plans of Lt. Colonel Ishiwara Kanji, the architect of the Manchurian invasion. After securing the region around the South Manchurian railway, Ishiwara focused his attention on Jinzhou. Following the fall of Mukden, Jinzhou became the administrative headquarters and civil government of Zhang Xueliang, making it a focal point for Chinese forces. Jinzhou is the southernmost part of Liaoning province, directly enroute to Shanhaiguan, the critical pass that separates Manchuria from China proper. It was the furthest point Zhang Xueliang could establish an HQ while still holding foot within Manchuria and thus became the defacto “last stand” or “guanwai” outside the Shanhaiguan pass for Zhang Xueliangs Northeastern army. Japanese sources indicate that Zhang Xueliang began covertly instructing local governments in Manchuria to comply with and pay taxes to Jinzhou. He also dispatched spies to Japanese-occupied territories and was conspiring to assassinate Japanese officials and those opposed to Chiang Kai-shek. Obviously Jinzhou had to be seized to control Liaoning and thus all of Manchuria. The Japanese first tried to bully Jinzhou into submission by bombing it. On October 8th, Ishiwara commanded five captured Chinese aircraft from the 10th Independent Air Squadron, flying from Mukden to conduct a raid on Jinzhou, claiming it was merely a reconnaissance mission. They flew over Jinzhou at approximately 1:40 PM and dropped 75 bombs weighing 25 kg each, targeting the barracks of the 28th Division, government buildings, and Zhang Xueliang's residence. Additionally, they took photographs of the Chinese defensive positions. The attack served two main purposes: to intimidate Zhang Xueliang and to send a message to Tokyo HQ. The bombing of Jinzhou caused an uproar in Tokyo and shocked the League of Nations, which had previously been indifferent to the situation. Consequently, Tokyo HQ felt compelled to retroactively approve the Kwantung attacks while simultaneously demanding an end to further actions. Rumors began to circulate that Ishiwara and his associate Itagaki aimed to establish an independent Manchuria as a base for a coup d'état against the Japanese government, intending to initiate a Showa Restoration. On October 18th, War Minister Minami Jiro sent a telegram to the Kwantung Army, ordering them to halt offensives in Manchuria and dispatched Colonel Imamura Hitoshi to ensure Ishiwara and Itagaki ceased their reckless operations. However, when Hitoshi met with the two men at a restaurant in Mukden, they dismissed him. In reality, Ishiwara and Itagaki's plans were in jeopardy, but in early November, they found a pretext for action after Ma Zhanshan's forces damaged the Nenjiang railway bridge. This hostility provided them with justification to invade Heilongjiang alongside their allies, led by General Zhang Haipeng. Following the occupation of the north, a new opportunity arose in the southwest. The "first Tientsin incident" erupted on November 9th, initiated by Colonel Doihara Kenji with assistance from some Anti-Chiang Kai-shek Chinese. A small contingent launched an attack on the peace preservation corps in Tientsin. Doihara devised this plan with the intention of creating chaos to kidnap the former Manchu emperor Puyi, allowing the Kwantung army to later install him as the ruler of a new Manchurian state. Although Doihara sought reinforcements from Tokyo HQ, his request was denied, prompting him to turn to the Kwantung army for support. They agreed to coordinate an attack on Tientsin but insisted that a pretext be established first. To execute this plan, they would need to capture Jinzhou initially. A second Tientsin incident occurred on November 26th, when Chinese soldiers attacked the Japanese barracks in Tientsin at 8:20 PM, marking another false flag operation orchestrated by Doihara. Upon hearing the news, General Honjo Shigeru chose to support the Tientsin army, which they believed was in peril. The 4th Mixed Brigade and the 2nd Infantry Battalion of the 2nd Division, comprising 10,000 troops, advanced toward 13 armored vehicles stationed along the Peiping-Mukden railway. The Kwantung Army also requested assistance from the Korean Army, and Commander Hayashi organized a mixed brigade to cross the border. Of course in order to provide assistance at Tientsin meant heading through the Shanhaiguan pass and this meant going through Jinzhou. Tokyo General HQ was yet again thrown into consternation by the latest aggravation of the Manchurian crisis. Incensed by the Kwantung Army's “lack of sincerity in submitting to the discipline of Tokyo”. The force got within 30km of Jinzhou when War Minister General Jiro Minami ordered them to immediately withdraw to a line east of the Liao river. Ironically what actually made the Kwantung Army comply was not so much Tokyo's authority but rather the refusal or foot dragging of the Korea Army, who sent a message that they were unwilling to attack Jinzhou. The Kwantung army continued on getting into some skirmishes with Chinese defenders around the Taling River and Takushan as Tokyo HQ sent countless furious messages demanding they withdraw from the Jinzhou area and by the 28th they finally did. Facing the real possibility that the Jinzhou operation might devolve into a fiasco without reinforcements, Ishiwara relented, remarking at the time “Tokyo has collapsed before Jinzhou”. There was another factor at play as well. Some have speculated Ishiwara tossed his hand on the field initiative because he was playing for time, expecting the Japanese government to fall and the substitution of a new team at central army HQ, one perhaps more compliant to the aggressive Kwantung Army.    While the Japanese forces pulled back into the SMR zone, Prime Minister Wakatsuki Reijiro began negotiations with Chiang Kai-Shek's Nanjing government, through the League of Nations, suggesting the Jinzhou area be declared a neutral area. The Chinese initially refused, and while the Kwantung Army declared they would not attack, they still sent aircraft to circle Jinzhou. The Chinese, British, American, and French governments were willing to withdraw their troops from Jinzhou to Shanhaiguan if the Manchurian incident was resolved and Japan committed to not infringing upon the area.    Consequently, Tokyo's headquarters supported this approach and instructed the Kwantung Army to withdraw. Although Zhang Xueliang had assured that his forces would leave Jinzhou by December 7th, this did not occur. As a result, the Japanese began discussions to establish Jinzhou as a neutral zone. The Kwantung army intercepted two Chinese telegrams indicating Zhang Xueliang was strengthening the defenses at Jinzhou and that Nanjing was requesting he not pull his men out. The telegrams were sent to Tokyo HQ who agreed the Chinese were acting in a treacherous manner. The Japanese ambassador then told US Secretary Henry Stimson  “it would be very difficult to withhold the army from advancing again.” Stimson replied “ such actions would convince the American public that Japan's excuse for her incursions, namely that she was combating bandit attacks, was a ruse to destroy the last fragment of Chinese authority in Manchuria. It would be extremely difficult to ask China to withdraw her army from her own territory.” Thus began the Jinzhou Crisis.   On the same day the Japanese ambassador was meeting Stimson in Washington, the Nationalist minister of finance, T.V Soong sent a telegram to Zhang Xueliang advising “any Japanese attack on Jinzhou should be offered utmost resistance.” Also the American Minister in China, Nelson Johnson publicly expressed the view that Zhang Xueliang would resist at Jinzhou if attacked “if only to reassure the students and public in general, some of whom clamor for military action, despite the attitude of his old generals of the Fengtian clique who desire his resignation to enable them to sell out to the Japanese”.   It had become clear to all observers that the Japanese were intent on capturing Jinzhou, whether they were justified to do so or not. Their tactics of intimidation became even bolder as they began dropping air torpedoes on disused sections of railway track on December 10th, disrupting traffic along the Beiping-Shenyang rail route and hinting that the nearby populated areas might be next. Ishiwara's hopes came true on December 13th, whence Prime Minister Wakatsuki resigned on December 11th, having failed to control the Kwantung Army. A new cabinet was formed under Prime Minister Tsuyoshi Inukai, whom resumed negotiations with Nanjing, but then on December 15th, Chiang Kai-Shek resigned as chairman of the Nanjing government, leading Sun Ke to lead a weak interim government. Preoccupied with its own survival, the Nanjing government had no time to deal with the Jinzhou crisis.   Meanwhile War Minister Minami and Chief of staff Kanaya who had tried to moderate the Kwantung Army's aggressive initiatives had been replaced by Araki Sadao, a significantly more aggressive leader who happened to be the leading figure of the Kodoha faction. His counterpart was Prince Kan'in. With these new appointments, the atmosphere in Tokyo general HQ had changed dramatically. The new team elected to change the framing of the situation, they were not performing offensives against Chinese forces, but rather “suppressing bandits”. On December 15th, Tokyo HQ telegraphed Mukden instructing the Kwantung Army to “synchronize an assault on Jinzhou with an attack upon bandits”. Tokyo HQ even agreed to send some reinforcements from Korea and Japan. The 20th IJA division, the 38th mixed brigade of the 19th division crossed the border from Korea and the 8th mixed brigade, 10th division came over from Japan. With this the Kwantung army had been bolstered to around 60,450men.    On December 17th, the Japanese launched attacks on what they referred to as "soldier bandits" in Fak'u and Ch'angtuhsien, which was actually a precursor to their assault on Jinzhou. The following day, December 18th, Japanese aircraft bombed Daonglio, resulting in the deaths of three Chinese civilians and causing widespread panic in the city. The Japanese actions were all the more effective when concentrated with the absolute paralysis that had gripped China. Sun Ke was too preoccupied with the survival of his own government and had neither the time nor resources to spare for Manchuria. In addition, Stimson's strong words in private to the Japanese ambassador belied the State Department's public attitude toward interference in the conflict. On December 21st Hawkling Yen, the Chinese charge in Washington met with Stanley Hornback, the chief of the department of Far Eastern Affairs. Yen told Hornback that a Japanese attack on Jinzhou was imminent and asked the US to “protest in anticipate of it”. Hornbeck refused, stating the State Department was “already publicly on record with regard to the matter”. No other Western power was ready to advocate any strong measures against the Japanese either.   On the 22nd, the Japanese HQ at Shenyang announced they would soon begin an anti-bandit advance west of the Liao River and would remove any who interfered with said operation. They also added that if any Chinese forces at Jinzhou withdrew they would be left unmolested. By December 26th, all preparations for the assault on Jinzhou were finalized. On December 28th, Honjo initiated an "anti-bandit" campaign west of the Liao River. While Honjo publicly claimed they were merely "clearing the country of bandits,”. As the Japanese forces and their collaborationist allies spread across the South Manchurian railway area to eliminate remaining pockets of resistance, the 12th Division, led by Lt. General Jiro Tamon advanced from Mukden toward Jinzhou, supported by numerous bomber squadrons. Japanese intelligence estimated that Zhang Xueliang had 84,000 troops defending the city, along with 58 artillery pieces and two distinct defensive lines. The first line, located 20 miles north of Jinzhou, consisted of trenches designed to impede the Japanese advance at the Taling River Bridge on the Peiping-Mukden Railway. The second line was a series of earthworks and fortifications completely surrounding Jinzhou. The temperature was -30 degrees, and the Imperial Japanese Army troops were dressed in white winter camouflage uniforms. IJA reconnaissance aircraft reported approximately 3,000 Honghuzi were waiting to ambush them in Panshan County. Tamon's forces quickly overcame the alleged Honghuzi in a series of small skirmishes and continued their march toward Goubangzi, 50 km north of Jinzhou. It should be noted, many question whether the Honghuzi were real or simply local Chinese the Japanese coerced into action to justify their advance. By December 31, the Japanese vanguard had reached within 15 km of Jinzhou, along the banks of the Talin River. Tamon paused to allow the rest of the 2nd Division to catch up. Subsequently, Tamon's troops began setting up an intricate system of microphones to broadcast the sounds of the impending battle to Tokyo. This tactic appeared to be an attempt to demoralize the defenders, which proved effective as Zhang Xueliang's forces began to withdraw. On December 30, Zhang Xueliang had issued the order to retreat from Jinzhou. Two days later, the American Minister in China, Nelson Johnson, reported the following scene: “Jinzhou Railway station resembles beehive, every possible car being pressed into service and loaded with troops, animals, baggage, to last inch space.” The last Chinese troop train departed Jingzhou at 11 am on January 1st carrying away the final remnants of Zhang Xueliang's authority in Manchuria. The assault on Jinzhou occurred at a particularly inopportune moment for China. Chiang Kai-shek was temporarily out of office, lacking the full support of the Nanjing government and many generals. It is likely that Chiang Kai-shek understood that Zhang Xueliang's forces in Jinzhou would be significantly outmatched and could be annihilated. His priority was to prevent the situation from escalating into an official war, allowing him to strengthen China's military capabilities for a counteroffensive. Following the fall of Jinzhou, the northern China army retreated south of the Great Wall into Hebei Province. The Japanese then occupied Shanhaiguan, securing complete control over southern Manchuria. Despite the fall of Jinzhou there was still one last holdout in Manchuria. After Ma Zhanshan was driven out of Qiqihar by the Japanese, he led his troops northeast to establish a new HQ in Hailun where he was still technically ruling Heilongjiang province. Ma Zhanshan had gained international recognition as a resistance hero following his ill-fated battle at Qiqihar. The Kwantung Army took note of his fame and adjusted their strategies accordingly. Komai Tokuzo, the head of the Kwantung Board of Control, suggested that bringing Ma Zhanshan into their ranks would provide a significant propaganda advantage. To persuade him to negotiate with the Kwantung Army, they sent a local factory owner, Han Yunje. On December 7th, Colonel Itagaki Seishiro met with Ma Zhanshan in Hailun. Itagaki expressed that the Japanese aimed for two objectives: peace in East Asia and full cooperation between the Chinese and Japanese. He also mentioned that the officers of the Kwantung Army were impressed by Ma's remarkable bravery and were willing to grant him military command over Heilongjiang, provided they reached an agreement. In response, Ma Zhanshan stated that his forces had acted solely in self-defense and that he was bound by the orders of the Nanjing government. Itagaki then suggested Ma Zhanshan might be appointed military commander of the province under the provincial governor in Qiqihar, Zhang Jinghui. To this Ma Zhanshan replied “as Hailun is not very far from Harbin, he could consult with General Zhang Jinghui over the telephone or pay a call on the latter in person, and that a second trip to Hailun by the Japanese representative would not be necessary.” Despite Ma's position, Itagaki felt satisfied with the meeting, believing that Ma Zhanshan might align with them. However, he was constrained by anti-Japanese colleagues like his chief of staff Xie Ke and battalion commander Tang Fengjia. The situation shifted significantly for Ma Zhanshan when Zhang Xueliang withdrew his forces from Jinzhou. On December 7th, Itagaki and Ma met once more, during which Ma expressed his desire to serve as both the military leader and governor of Heilongjiang. Unbeknownst to the Japanese, Ma Zhanshan was secretly in discussions with another resistance leader, General Ding Chao. When Ma Zhanshan initiated his resistance against the Japanese, Ding Chao decided to take similar action in the northern city of Harbin. Harbin serves as the gateway to Northeast China and is the political, economic, and cultural hub of North Manchuria. It functions not only as the center of the Sino-Soviet co-managed Middle East Railway but also as an international marketplace where Chinese and foreigners coexist. The city houses the Special Administrative Region of the Three Eastern Provinces (with Daoli under this region and Daowai belonging to Jilin Province). Following the Mukden Incident, the Japanese army considered attacking Harbin; however, concerns about potential Soviet interference led to the plan being halted by Army Minister Minami Jiro. Harbin had largely remained peaceful, and the Japanese maintained control by appointing the puppet General Xi Qia as the governor of Kirin province. Together with Li Du, Xing Zhangqing, Zhao Yi, and Feng Zhanhai, Ding Chao formed the Kirin self-defense army to thwart the takeover of Harbin and Kirin province. Ma Zhanshan supported Ding Chao, and both generals kept in touch with Zhang Xueliang and Chiang Kai-shek, who could only offer limited support. In November of the same year, the Jilin Provincial Anti-Japanese Government, chaired by Cheng Yun, was established in Bin County. Feng Zhanhai, the head of the guard regiment at the Northeast Frontier Defense Army's deputy commander-in-chief office in Jilin, refused to surrender to the Japanese forces. He rallied over 3,000 members of his regiment to resist the Japanese and rebel forces. They marched from Yongji County in Jilin Province to Shulan County, where they joined forces with the national salvation armies led by Gong Changhai and Yao Bingqian, which were based on green forest armed groups, to create the Jilin Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army, with Feng as the commander. On November 12, the Jilin Provincial Provisional Government was established in Bin County . Feng Zhanhai was appointed as the garrison commander and commander of the 1st Brigade. The units led by Gong and Yao were reorganized into cavalry brigades under Feng's command. This series of anti-Japanese actions significantly boosted the fighting spirit of the people in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces. To launch an attack on Harbin, the Japanese Kwantung Army first needed to "punish" the anti-Japanese armed forces by force. To eliminate Feng's anti-Japanese forces, the Japanese puppet authorities dispatched Yu Shencheng, the commander of the Jilin "bandit suppression" unit, to lead the puppet army in an offensive aimed at seizing Harbin as a base to control the Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces. Feng Zhanhai's troops strategically abandoned Shulan City to lure the enemy deeper into the area. The puppet army fell into a trap and launched a major assault on Yao Bingqian's brigade stationed in Shuiquliu, which fiercely resisted the attack. On the same day, Gong Changhai's brigade maneuvered around to the rear of the puppet army for a surprise attack, while Yao's brigade counterattacked from the front. The puppet army's Ma Xilin brigade retreated, unable to be halted by the Japanese supervisory team. At this point, Feng Zhanhai led another brigade into the fray, pursuing Ma's brigade. After another seven hours of intense fighting, Shulan was retaken. In this battle, the garrison inflicted nearly 1,000 casualties on Japanese and puppet troops, captured hundreds, and saw many puppet soldiers defect. The battles of Shuiqu and Shulan were thus victorious. On the 16th, Yu Shencheng's puppet forces were defeated by the 25th Brigade of the Northeast Army in Yushu. Due to the precarious situation in Shulan, Feng Zhanhai had no choice but to abandon Shulan City and retreat his troops north of Wuchang. On the 19th, seeking urgently needed funds for his troops, Feng Zhanhai led a battalion from Acheng to Lalinkang, where they were surrounded by a significant number of Japanese and puppet troops. The following day, with the help of reinforcements, they managed to repel the Japanese and puppet forces. However, the troops suffered over 200 casualties and were compelled to leave Lalinkang and return to Acheng. On the 25th, Feng and Li moved their forces to the eastern suburbs of Harbin, with the 22nd, 26th, and 28th Brigades announcing their support in succession.On the morning of the 26th, Feng and Li entered the city from four directions, forcibly disarming five police brigades and seizing more than 3,000 firearms along with a number of heavy weapons. They stationed the 26th and 28th Brigades and one regiment in the Shanghao area, while Feng Zhanhai's four brigades and two detachments were positioned in the Sankeshu and Nangang areas. The 22nd Brigade was assigned to Shuangchengbao, preparing to defend against a Japanese assault.  Meanwhile the Japanese were still trying to win over Ma Zhanshan. This prompted our old friend Doihara to ask Xi Qia to advance his new “Jilin Army” to Harbin and then to Hailun. However in their way was the Jilin Self-Defense force of General Ding Chao and General Li Du had deployed his forces between Xi Qia and Harbin. On the 24th, representatives from Li Du and Ding Chao participated in a meeting with Ma Zhanshan's officers, convincing them to attempt to retake Qiqihar and defend Harbin for the resistance. When Xiqia's "New Jilin Army" finally advanced to Shuangcheng on the 25th, Zhang Xueliang instructed Ma Zhanshan and Ding Chao to abandon negotiations and begin fighting on the morning of the 26th. Kenji Doihara ultimately failed to intimidate the Chinese further, as his ally Xicha's troops encountered stiff resistance from Ding Chao's troops. Later that afternoon, Japanese aircraft dropped leaflets over Harbin, openly demanding that the anti-Japanese forces withdraw from the city immediately. The Japanese Consulate in Harbin also issued a notice to various foreign consulates, stating that the Japanese army would enter Harbin at 3:00 PM on the 28th. As the New Jilin army advanced towards Shuangcheng, this signaled to the Chinese resistance fighters that an attack was imminent. Zhang Xueliang instructed Generals Ma Zhanshan and Ding Chao to halt negotiations and prepare to make a stand. By late January, the Kirin Self-Defense Corps had grown to 30,000 members, organized into six brigades. Ding Chao fortified defensive positions between General Xi Qia's advancing troops and Harbin. Xi Qia was caught off guard by the well-organized resistance forces, resulting in heavy losses for his army, which was unable to break through. In desperation, Xi Qia sought assistance from the Kwantung Army, but they needed a justification to intervene. Once again, Colonel Doihara Kenji orchestrated a false flag operation. He incited a riot in Harbin that resulted in the deaths of one Japanese individual and three Koreans. Using the pretext that Japanese citizens were in danger, the 2nd Division under Lt. General Jiro Tamon began its advance toward Harbin from Jinzhou on the 28th. However, severe winter weather delayed their transportation. To complicate matters further, the Soviets denied Japanese trains access to Harbin via their section of the Chinese Eastern Railway, citing a breach of neutrality. The entire Manchurian incident had escalated tensions between the USSR and Japan. When they invaded Heilongjiang, there were genuine concerns about potential Soviet intervention, especially with their presence in Harbin. However, at the last moment, the Soviets agreed to allow transit on January 30th. Back on the 26, 1932, Feng Zhanhai and Li Du, the commander of the Yilan garrison, entered Harbin. Early on the 27th, Yu Shencheng, the commander of the puppet Jilin "bandit suppression," ordered two brigades to attack the Shanghao, Sankeshu, and Nangang areas. Japanese aircraft bombed the Sankeshu and Nangang regions. The two brigades tasked with defending the area fought valiantly, resulting in intense combat. Soon after, Feng Zhanhai and his reserve team joined the fray, launching a political offensive alongside their fierce attacks. The puppet army struggled to hold its ground and retreated to Lalincang. The defending troops in Shanghao fought tenaciously, inflicting heavy casualties on both Japanese and puppet forces, shooting down one plane, and attempting to persuade puppet army commander Tian Desheng to lead a revolt. By evening, the puppet army had been driven back. On the morning of the 28th, the anti-Japanese forces advanced to the Jile Temple and Confucian Temple, capturing advantageous positions near Xinfatun with artillery support. The cavalry brigade flanked the puppet army and launched a vigorous assault, leading to the collapse and retreat of the puppet forces towards Acheng. Gong Changhai led the cavalry in pursuit for 15 kilometers, capturing a significant number of puppet troops. After two days of fierce fighting on the 27th and 28th, the initial invasion of Harbin by Japanese and puppet troops was successfully repelled. Due to the defeat of Yu Shencheng and other puppet forces, the Japanese Kwantung Army launched a direct assault on Harbin on the morning of the28th, under the pretext of "protecting overseas Chinese." They ordered Hasebe, commander of the 3rd Brigade of the Kwantung Army, to lead the 4th Regiment, an artillery battalion, and two tanks on a train from Changchun to Harbin for combat. On the29th, another combat order was issued: the 2nd Division was to assemble in Changchun and then be transported to Harbin by truck. Part of the 4th Mixed Brigade was also moved from Qiqihar to Anda and Zhaodong by truck to support the 2nd Division from the north of Harbin. The 1st, 3rd, 8th, and 9th Squadrons of the Kwantung Army Flying Team were tasked with covering the assembly, advance, and attack of the 2nd Division. Hasebe's 4th Regiment departed from Changchun by train, but due to extensive damage to the railway caused by the Northeast Army, their train was attacked by the Northeast Army at dawn on the 29th as it reached the Laoshaogou area on the south bank of the Songhua River. The Japanese forces quickly shifted to an offensive strategy and, despite ongoing resistance, managed to reach Shitouchengzi Village north of the Sancha River that night. On the night of January 29, Zhao Yi's brigade received word of the Japanese assault on Harbin and immediately prepared for battle. At dawn on January 30, Brigade Commander Zhao Yi led six battalions in a light advance, launching a surprise attack on Shilipu, where they decisively defeated the puppet army's Liu Baolin Brigade, capturing over 700 soldiers and seizing more than 600 weapons. They then returned to Shuangchengbao to prepare for the annihilation of the advancing Japanese forces. Around 8:00 PM, the 3rd Brigade of the Japanese Army, along with the Changgu Detachment and two military vehicles, arrived at Shuangcheng Station, intending to camp there and attack Harbin the following day. Zhao Yi's troops set up an ambush in the area. As the Japanese forces disembarked and assembled to plan their attack on Harbin, the ambushing troops took advantage of their unpreparedness, launching a surprise attack from three sides. They unleashed heavy firepower, forcing the enemy back onto the platform before engaging in close combat with bayonets and grenades. The Japanese were caught off guard and suffered significant casualties. The next day, the Japanese dispatched reinforcements from Changchun, supported by aircraft, artillery, and tanks, to assault Shuangchengbao. Brigade Zhao found himself trapped in the isolated city, suffering over 600 casualties, including the regiment commander, and was ultimately forced to abandon Shuangchengbao and retreat to Harbin. With Shuangcheng captured, Harbin was left vulnerable. The Self-Defense Army stationed the majority of its troops in the southern, southeastern, and southwestern regions of Harbin, including Guxiangyuetun, Bingyuan Street, Old Harbin City, and Lalatun. On the same day, several commanders convened: Li Du, the garrison commander of Yilan and leader of the 24th Brigade; Feng Zhanhai, commander of the Jilin Provincial Security Army; Xing Zhanqing, commander of the 26th Brigade; Zhao Yi, commander of the 22nd Brigade; Ding Chao, acting commander of the Railway Protection Army and leader of the 28th Brigade; and Wang Zhiyou, director of the Jilin Police Department. They agreed to establish the Jilin Provincial Self-Defense Army, appointing Li Du as commander, Feng Zhanhai as deputy commander, and Wang Zhiyou as the commander-in-chief of the front line. They decided to utilize the 22nd, 24th, 26th, and 28th Brigades for the defense of Harbin, while Feng Zhanhai would lead the 1st Brigade and other units in a flanking maneuver against Jilin and Changchun to thwart the Japanese advance. On February 3, 1932, various units of the Japanese 2nd Division arrived in the Weitanggou River area. Under the command of Duomen, the division initiated an assault on the Self-Defense Army's outposts located outside Harbin. The 3rd Infantry Brigade of the 2nd Division, alongside Yu Shencheng, the commander of the pseudo-Jilin "bandit suppression" forces, led an attack with five brigades as the right flank against Chinese defenders in the Qinjiagang, Nangang, and Shanghao regions. Meanwhile, the 15th Infantry Brigade of the Japanese Army formed the left flank, targeting Guxiangtun via Balibao along the Songhua River. Following the conflict, all outposts of the Self-Defense Army were lost, forcing them to retreat to their primary positions. On the morning of February 4th, the Japanese forces launched a full-scale attack, engaging the Self-Defense Army in battle. By afternoon, the Japanese had positioned themselves on both sides of the railway, south of Guxiang Yuetun, Yongfatun, and Yangmajia. The 3rd Brigade was stationed east of the railway, while the 15th Brigade took position to the west. After a preparatory artillery barrage, the Japanese forces commenced their assault. The Jilin Self-Defense Army defended tenaciously, utilizing fortifications and village structures, and concentrated their artillery fire on the advancing enemy, inflicting significant casualties.   Despite their efforts, the Japanese attack was initially repelled, prompting them to adopt a defensive stance. By 16:00, the area from Yangmajia to Yongfatun had fallen to the Japanese. The Self-Defense Army continued to resist fiercely, but the Japanese intensified their assaults. The left flank launched a vigorous attack on Guxiangtun. The 28th Brigade of the Self-Defense Army, defending this area, utilized civilian structures and walls for their defense. However, brigade commander Wang Ruihua fled under pressure, leading to a loss of command and forcing the troops to abandon their positions and retreat into the city. Simultaneously, the Japanese right flank aggressively targeted the defense of the 26th Brigade of the Self-Defense Army. Despite the desperate efforts of brigade commander Xing Zhanqing and his troops, they were ultimately compelled to retreat to the river dam at Shiliudao Street due to inferior equipment. Around this time, the western and southern defense lines under Wang Zhiyou's command began to fall one after another. In this critical situation, Commander-in-Chief Li Du personally went to the front lines to organize the troops and establish a third defensive line on the city's edge. They fought until nightfall, successfully halting the Japanese advance. At dawn on February 5th the Self-Defense Army initiated a counteroffensive. The artillery first conducted preparatory fire, targeting the positions of the Japanese 3rd Brigade located east of the railway. Following this, the infantry launched their attack. The Japanese troops on the front lines found themselves in a precarious situation. In response, Jiro Tamon, the commander of the 2nd Division, urgently ordered artillery to intercept the Self-Defense Army's counterattack and deployed the tank and reserve units to assist. Four squadrons from the air force took off from a temporary forward airfield in Shuangcheng, alternating between bombing and strafing to support the ground troops. The battle was intensely fierce, resulting in heavy casualties on both sides. Lacking air support and facing significant threats from Japanese aircraft, the Self-Defense Army retreated to the area east of Harbin by the afternoon of the 5th. The Japanese forces then entered Harbin, leading to its immediate capture. On the 6th, the remaining self-defense forces learned of Harbin's fall and decided to abandon their original plan for a surprise attack against the Japanese army. Instead, they returned to Binxian and Fangzheng. During their retreat, they gathered some stragglers who had fled from Harbin and proceeded to Fangzheng County to regroup with Li Du. General Ding Chao's forces were compelled to retreat northeast along the Sungari River, while Japanese aircraft attacked them from above. After a grueling 17-hour battle, Ding Chao's army ultimately faced defeat. Following this loss, Ma Zhanshan made the decision to defect. On February 16, General Honjo held a conference for the Northeast Political Affairs Committee in Mukden, attended by senior Chinese officials of the new regime, including Zhang Jinghui, Ma Zhanshan, Zang Shiyi, Xi Qia, and others. The conference aimed to assign delegates to roles in the soon-to-be-established “Manchukuo.” On February 14, Ma Zhanshan was appointed governor of Heilongjiang province and received gold worth one million dollars. On February 27th, Ding Chao proposed a ceasefire, marking the official end of Chinese resistance in Manchuria. On March 1st, Puyi would be installed as the ruler of the new state of Manchukuo. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. With the fall of Jinzhou, Zhang Xueliang had effectively been kicked out of Manchuria. With the loss of Harbin, came the loss of any significant resistance to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. Japan had conquered the northeast and now would enthrone the last Emperor of the Qing Dynasty forming the puppet state of Manchukuo. 

Galen Liao is department manager of Engineering Asset Management for Northrop Grumman Corporation, a leader in global security.    Experience: Galen leads the company's Engineering Asset Management (EAM) organization which supports program execution through the reuse of company resources via the test equipment pool and by providing top of the line calibrations.  EAM is recognized as an industry leader and runs the largest calibration laboratory in the company, arguably the largest cal lab west of the Mississippi, and is the 3rd largest general purpose electronic rental pool agency.  EAM leads and manages the NGC metrology & equipment rental organizations by providing an affordable comprehensive solution for managing the measurement and test equipment life cycle.    Experience: After earning his bachelor's degree in chemical engineering from the University of California at Berkeley (Go Bears!) Galen joined Northrop Grumman in 2003 as a Test Engineer for the Experimental Test Facility, He then went on to work Airborne Laser Test bed project and was responsible for managing the operation of the high energy laser.  In 2010, he joined the Metrology Services organization as a Physical Dimensional Discipline Engineer.     Prior to NG, Galen has notably worked on testing a novel drug delivery system at Johnson and Johnson (Pharmaceuticals), finding and mapping oil well levels at Breitburn Energy(Oil and Gas), setting up computer networks at the California Science Center (IT), and developing next gen shuttle tile at NASA (Aerospace).     Education:  Bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley and half-way through a masters in Management Science and Engineering at Stanford University    Background:  Born and raised on the hard streets of Torrance, CA. Galen was a latchkey kid and has gone to public school all his life.  His premier achievements include skipping kindergarten and setting the CAMS (California Academy of Math and Science) waterpolo team record (8) steals for a single game.  In the BC (Before Child) era he enjoyed running marathons, surfing, snow boarding, and dragon boat racing.  Now he spends his weekends coaching his son's AYSO soccer team, teaching him how to swim, or cheering him on in his local YMCA basketball league.  Galen has completed several leadership-development programs and volunteer organizations, serving as an officer for Connect1NG, Space Dragons Dragon Boat team, and is currently the President and on the Board of Directors for the Measurement Science Conference.

Mr. Liao was born in Taiwan and grew up in Brisbane. Now he travels across the globe as a cargo pilot. - 台湾で生まれブリスベンで育ち、今はメルボルン在住のウィリアム・リャオさん。 今はパイロットとして世界を飛び回っています。

In this week's episode, host Margaret Walls talks with Resources for the Future (RFF) Fellow Yanjun (Penny) Liao about the Coastal Barrier Resources Act, a bipartisan federal law that was first passed in the 1980s. The law is designed to curb development in coastal areas that are vulnerable to extreme weather events and to protect coastal environments. Liao and Walls discuss the effects of the law, including reductions in the amount of development on coastal lands, the amount of federal funding saved by the government through a reduced need for disaster response as a result, and increases in property-tax revenues for counties in designated coastal areas. References and recommendations: “Geeking Out on Geography: Mapping the Effects of the Coastal Barrier Resources Act” by Alexandra Thompson; https://www.resources.org/common-resources/geeking-out-on-geography-mapping-the-effects-of-the-coastal-barrier-resources-act/ “Removing Development Incentives in Risky Areas Promotes Climate Adaptation” by Hannah Druckenmiller, Yanjun (Penny) Liao, Sophie Pesek, Margaret Walls, and Shan Zhang; https://www.rff.org/publications/journal-articles/removing-development-incentives-in-risky-areas-promotes-climate-adaptation/ “Can Removing Development Subsidies Promote Adaptation? The Coastal Barrier Resources System as a Natural Experiment” by Hannah Druckenmiller, Yanjun (Penny) Liao, Sophie Pesek, Margaret Walls, and Shan Zhang; https://www.lincolninst.edu/publications/working-papers/can-removing-development-subsidies-promote-adaptation “Managed Retreat and Flood Recovery: The Local Economic Impacts of a Buyout and Acquisition Program” by Wei Guo, Yanjun (Penny) Liao, and Qing Miao; https://www.rff.org/publications/working-papers/flood-recovery-local-economic-impacts-of-buyout-and-acquisition-hurricane-sandy-new-york/ “Making a Market for Acts of God: The Practice of Risk Trading in the Global Reinsurance Industry” by Paula Jarzabkowski, Rebecca Bednarek, and Paul Spee; https://global.oup.com/academic/product/making-a-market-for-acts-of-god-9780199664764

Jimmy addresses the latest news, like the Super Bowl LIX ratings soaring, before speaking with Super Bowl LIX champions Jalen Hurts and Saquon Barkley, Jaylen Brown, and Anna Cathcart and welcoming comedian Leslie Liao for stand-up.

James Hiroyuk & Humberly González talk to Seán about working on Star Trek and Section 31.Don't forget to use #AskTrekCulture for next week's questions. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode of Sci-Fi Talk Podcast, we're excited to bring you a Trek Tuesday conversation with the talented James Hiroyuki Liao, known for his role as San in Star Trek Section 31. Join host Tony Tellado as they delve into James's experience playing a complex character with ties to Michelle Yeoh's Philippa Georgiou. James shares insights on the preparation and depth of his character, as well as his fascinating perspective on the Star Trek universe. Discover how his upbringing in Brooklyn, New York, and his passion for acting has shaped his journey in the sci-fi realm, and listen in as he recounts his incredible experiences working with star-studded casts in projects like "Presumed Innocent." Plus, get a glimpse into the mind of a true Star Trek enthusiast and the dream come true that was his role in this iconic franchise. So, tune in as we warp into the imaginative and thought-provoking world of Star Trek through the eyes of James Hiroyuki Liao. Subscribe To Sci-Fi Talk Plus to Start Your One Year Free Trial  

This episode we are taking a trip down the Silk Road--or perhaps even the Spice Road--as we investigate references in this reign to individuals from "Tukara" who seem to have arrived in Yamato and stayed for a while. For photos and more, see our podcast webpage:  https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-119 Rough Transcript   Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  This is episode 119: The Question of “Tukara”   Traveling upon the ocean was never exactly safe.  Squalls and storms could arise at any time, and there was always a chance that high winds and high waves could capsize a vessel.  Most people who found themselves at the mercy of the ocean could do little but hold on and hope that they could ride out whatever adverse conditions they met with.  Many ships were lost without any explanation or understanding of what happened to them.  They simply left the port and never came back home. And so when the people saw the boat pulling up on the shores of Himuka, on the island of Tsukushi, they no doubt empathized with the voyagers' plight.  The crew looked bedraggled, and their clothing was unfamiliar.  There were both men and women, and this didn't look like your average fishing party.  If anything was clear it was this:  These folk weren't from around here. The locals brought out water and food.  Meanwhile, runners were sent with a message:  foreigners had arrived from a distant place.  They then waited to see what the government was going to do.     We are still in the second reign of Takara Hime, aka Saimei Tenno.  Last episode we talked about the palaces constructed in Asuka, as well as some of the stone works that have been found from the period, and which appear to be referenced in the Nihon Shoki—at least tangentially.   The episodes before that, we looked at the expeditions the court sent to the far north of Honshu and even past Honshu to Hokkaido. This episode we'll again be looking past the main islands of the archipelago to lands beyond.  Specifically, we are going to focus on particularly intriguing references to people from a place called “Tukara”.  We'll talk about some of the ideas about where that might be, even if they're a bit  far-fetched. That's because Tukara touches on the state of the larger world that Yamato was a part of, given its situation on the far eastern edge of what we know today as the Silk Road.  And is this just an excuse for me to take a detour into some of the more interesting things going on outside the archipelago?  No comment. The first mention of a man from Tukara actually comes at the end of the reign of Karu, aka Koutoku Tennou.  We are told that in the fourth month of 654 two men and two women of “Tukara” and one woman of “Sha'e” were driven by a storm to Hiuga.  Then, three years later, the story apparently picks up again, though possibly referring to a different group of people.  On the 3rd day of the 7th month of 657, so during the second reign of Takara Hime, we now hear about two men and four women of the Land of Tukara—no mention of Sha'e—who drifted to Tsukushi, aka Kyushu.  The Chronicles mention that these wayfarers first drifted to the island of Amami, and we'll talk about that in a bit, but let's get these puzzle pieces on the table, first.  After those six people show up, the court sent for them by post-horse.  They must have arrived by the 15th of that same month, because we are told that a model of Mt. Sumi was erected and they—the people from Tukara—were entertained, although there is another account that says they were from “Tora”. The next mention is the 10th day of the 3rd month of 659, when a Man of Tukara and his wife, again woman of Sha'e, arrived.  Then, on the 16th day of the 7th month of 660, we are told that the man of Tukara, Kenzuhashi Tatsuna, desired to return home and asked for an escort.  He planned to pay his respects at the Great Country, i.e. the Tang court, and so he left his wife behind, taking tens of men with him. All of these entries might refer to people regularly reaching Yamato from the south, from a place called “Tukara”.  Alternately, this is a single event whose story has gotten distributed over several years, as we've seen happen before with the Chronicles.  .  One of the oddities of these entries is that the terms used are not consistent.  “Tukara” is spelled at least two different ways, suggesting that it wasn't a common placename like Silla or Baekje, or even the Mishihase.  That does seem to suggest that the Chronicles were phonetically trying to find kanji, or the Sinitic characters, to match with the name they were hearing.   I would also note that “Tukara” is given the status of a “kuni”—a land, country, or state—while “sha'e”, where some of the women are said to come from, is just that, “Sha'e”. As for the name of at least one person from Tokara, Kenzuhashi Tatsuna, that certainly sounds like someone trying to fit a non-Japanese name into the orthography of the time.  “Tatsuna” seems plausibly Japanese, but “Kenzuhashi” doesn't fit quite as well into the naming structures we've seen to this point. The location of “Tukara” and “Sha'e” are not clear in any way, and as such there has been a lot of speculation about them.  While today there are placenames that fit those characters, whether or not these were the places being referenced at the time is hard to say. I'll actually start with “Sha'e”, which Aston translates as Shravasti, the capital of the ancient Indian kingdom of Kosala, in modern Uttar Pradesh.  It is also where the Buddha, Siddartha Gautama, is said to have lived most of his life after his enlightenment.  In Japanese this is “Sha'e-jou”, and like many Buddhist terms it likely comes through Sanskrit to Middle Chinese to Japanese.  One—or possibly two—women from Shravasti making the journey to Yamato in the company of a man (or men) from Tukara seems quite the feat.  But then, where is “Tukara”? Well, we have at least three possible locations that I've seen bandied about.  I'll address them from the most distant to the closest option.  These three options were Tokharistan, Dvaravati, and the Tokara islands. We'll start with Tokharistan on the far end of the Silk Road.  And to start, let's define what that “Silk Road” means.  We've talked in past episodes about the “Western Regions”, past the Han-controlled territories of the Yellow River.   The ancient Tang capital of Chang'an was built near to the home of the Qin dynasty, and even today you can go and see both the Tang tombs and the tomb of Qin Shihuangdi and his terracotta warriors, all within a short distance of Xi'an, the modern city built on the site of Chang'an.  That city sits on a tributary of the Yellow River, but the main branch turns north around the border of modern Henan and the similarly sounding provinces of Shanxi and Shaanxi.  Following it upstream, the river heads north into modern Mongolia, turns west, and then heads south again, creating what is known as the Ordos loop.  Inside is the Ordos plateau, also known as the Ordos Basin.  Continuing to follow the Yellow river south, on the western edge of the Ordos, you travel through Ningxia and Gansu—home of the Hexi, or Gansu, Corridor.  That route eventually takes to Yumenguan, the Jade Gate, and Dunhuang.  From there roads head north or south along the edge of the Taklamakan desert in the Tarim basin.  The southern route travels along the edge of the Tibetan plateau, while the northern route traversed various oasis cities through Turpan, Kucha, to the city of Kashgar.  Both routes made their way across the Pamirs and the Hindu Kush into South Asia. We've brought up the Tarim Basin and the Silk Road a few times.  This is the path that Buddhism appears to have taken to get to the Yellow River Basin and eventually to the Korean Peninsula and eastward to the Japanese archipelago.  But I want to go a bit more into detail on things here, as there is an interesting side note about “Tukara” that I personally find rather fascinating, and thought this would be a fun time to share. Back in Episode 79 we talked about how the Tarim basin used to be the home to a vast inland sea, which was fed by the meltwater from the Tianshan and Kunlun mountains.  This sea eventually dwindled, though it was still large enough to be known to the Tang as the Puchang Sea.  Today it has largely dried up, and it is mostly just the salt marshes of Lop Nur that remain.  Evidence for this larger sea, however, can be observed in some of the burials found around the Tarim basin.  These burials include the use of boat-shaped structures—a rather curious feature to be found out in the middle of the desert. And it is the desert that was left behind as the waters receded that is key to much of what we know about life in the Tarim basin, as it has proven to be quite excellent at preserving organic material.  This includes bodies, which dried out and naturally turned into mummies, including not only the wool clothing they were wearing, but also features such as hair and even decoration. These “Tarim mummies”, as they have been collectively called, date from as early as 2100 BCE all the way up through the period of time we're currently talking about, and have been found in several desert sites: Xiaohe, the earliest yet discovered; Loulan, near Lop Nur on the east of the Tarim Basin, dating from around 1800 BCE; Cherchen, on the southern edge of the Tarim Basin, dating from roughly 1000 BCE; and too many others to go into in huge detail. The intriguing thing about these burials is that  many of them don't have features typically associated with people of ethnic Han—which is to say traditional Chinese—ancestry, nor do they necessarily have the features associated with the Xiongnu and other steppe nomads.  In addition they have colorful clothing  made from wool and leather, with vivid designs.  Some bodies near Hami, just east of the basin, were reported to have blonde to light brown hair, and their cloth showed radically different patterns from that found at Cherchen and Loulan, with patterns that could reasonably be compared with the plaids now common in places like Scotland and Ireland, and previously found in the Hallstadt salt mine in Central Europe from around 3500 BCE, from which it is thought the Celtic people may have originated. At the same time that people—largely Westerners— were studying these mummies, another discovery in the Tarim basin was also making waves.  This was the discovery of a brand new language.  Actually, it was two languages—or possibly two dialects of a language—in many manuscripts, preserved in Kucha and Turpan.  Once again, the dry desert conditions proved invaluable to maintain these manuscripts, which date from between the late 4th or early 5th century to the 8th century.  They are written with a Brahmic script, similar to that used for Sanskrit, which appears in the Tarim Basin l by about the 2nd century, and we were able to translate them because many of the texts were copies of Buddhist scripture, which greatly helped scholars in deciphering the languages.  These two languages were fascinating because they represented an as-yet undiscovered branch of the Indo-European language family.  Furthermore, when compared to other Indo-European languages, they did not show nearly as much similarity with their neighbors as with languages on the far western end of the Indo-European language family.  That is to say they were thought to be closer to Celtic and Italic languages than something like Indo-Iranian.  And now for a quick diversion within the diversion:  “Centum” and “Satem” are general divisions of the Indo-European language families that was once thought to indicate a geographic divide in the languages.  At its most basic, as Indo-European words changed over time, a labiovelar sound, something like “kw”,  tended to evolve in one of two ways.  In the Celtic and Italic languages, the “kw” went to a hard “k” sound, as represented in the classical pronunciation of the Latin word for 100:  Centum.  That same word, in the Avestan language—of the Indo-Iranian tree—is pronounced as “Satem”, with an “S” sound.  So, you can look at Indo-European languages and divide them generally into “centum” languages, which preserve the hard “k”, or “Satem” languages that preserve the S. With me so far? Getting back to these two newly-found languages in the Tarim Basin, the weird thing is that they were “Centum” languages. Most Centum languages are from pretty far away, though: they are generally found in western Europe or around the Mediterranean, as opposed to the Satem languages, such as Indo-Aryan, Iranian, Armernian, or even Baltic Slavic languages, which are much closer to the Tarim Basin.  So if the theory were true that the “Centum” family of Indo-European languages developed in the West and “Satem” languages developed in the East, then that would seem to indicate that a group of a “Centum” speaking people must have migrated eastward, through the various Satem speaking people, and settled in the Tarim Basin many thousands of years ago. And what evidence do we have of people who look very different from the modern population, living in the Tarim Basin area long before, and wearing clothing similar to what we associated with the progenitors of the Celts?  For many, it seemed to be somewhat obvious, if still incredible, that the speakers of this language were likely the descendants of the mummies who, in the terminology of the time, had been identified as being of Caucasoid ancestry.  A theory developed that these people were an offshoot of a group called the Yamnaya culture, which may have arisen around modern Ukraine as an admixture between the European Hunter Gatherers and the Caucasian Hunter Gatherers, around 3300-2600 BCE.  This was challenged in 2021 when a genetic study was performed on some of the mummies in the Tarim basin, as well as several from the Dzungarian basin, to the northeast.  That study suggested that the people of the Dzungarian basin had genetic ties to the people of the Afanasievo people, from Southern Siberia.  The Afanasievo people are connected to the Yamnayan culture. It should be noted that there has long been a fascination in Western anthropology and related sciences with racial identification—and often not in a healthy way.  As you may recall, the Ainu were identified as “Caucasoid” by some people largely because of things like the men's beards and lighter colored hair, which differ greatly from a large part of the Japanese population.  However, that claim has been repeatedly refuted and debunked. And similarly, the truth is, none of these Tarim mummy burials were in a period of written anything, so we can't conclusively associated them with these fascinating Indo-European languages.  There are thousands of years between the various burials and the manuscripts. These people  left no notes stashed in pockets that give us their life story.   And Language is not Genetics is not Culture.  Any group may adopt a given language for a variety of reasons.  .  Still, given what we know, it is possible that the ancient people of the Tarim basin spoke some form of “Proto-Kuchean”, but it is just as likely that this language was brought in by people from Dzungaria at some point. So why does all this matter to us?  Well, remember how we were talking about someone from Tukara?  The Kuchean language, at least, is referred to in an ancient Turkic source as belonging to “Twgry”, which led several scholars to draw a link between this and the kingdom and people called Tukara and the Tokharoi.  This leads us on another bit of a chase through history. Now if you recall, back in Episode 79, we talked about Zhang Qian.  In 128 BCE, he attempted to cross the Silk Road through the territory of the Xiongnu on a mission for the Han court.  Some fifty years earlier, the Xiongnu had defeated the Yuezhi.  They held territory in the oasis towns along the north of the Taklamakan dessert, from about the Turpan basin west to the Pamirs. The Xiongnu were causing problems for the Han, who thought that if they could contact the remaining Yuezhi they could make common cause with them and harass the Xiongnu from both sides.  Zhang Qian's story is quite remarkable: he started out with an escort of some 99 men and a translator.  Unfortunately, he was captured and enslaved by the Xiongnu during his journey, and he is even said to have had a wife and fathered a child.  He remained a captive for thirteen years, but nonetheless, he was able to escape with his family and he made it to the Great Yuezhi on the far side of the Pamirs, but apparently the Yuezhi weren't interested in a treaty against the Xiongnu.  The Pamirs were apparently enough of a barrier and they were thriving in their new land.  And so Zhang Qian crossed back again through Xiongnu territory, this time taking the southern route around the Tarim basin.  He was still captured by the Xiongnu, who spared his life.  He escaped, again, two years later, returning to the Han court.  Of the original 100 explorers, only two returned: Zhang Qian and his translator.  While he hadn't obtained an alliance, he was able to detail the cultures of the area of the Yuezhi. Many feel that the Kushan Empire, which is generally said to have existed from about 30 to 375 CE,was formed from the Kushana people who were part of the Yuezhi who fled the Xiongnu. In other words, they were originally from further north, around the Tarim Basin, and had been chased out and settled down in regions that included Bactria (as in the Bactrian camel).  Zhang Qian describes reaching the Dayuan Kingdom in the Ferghana valley, then traveling south to an area that was the home of the Great Yuezhi or Da Yuezhi.  And after the Kushan empire fell, we know there was a state in the upper regions of the Oxus river, centered on the city of Balkh, in the former territory of the Kushan empire. known as “Tokara”.  Geographically, this matches up how Zhang Qian described the home of the Da Yuezhi.  Furthermore, some scholars reconstruct the reading of the Sinic characters used for “Yuezhi” as originally having an optional reading of something like “Togwar”, but that is certainly not the most common reconstructed reading of those characters.  Greek sources describe this area as the home of the Tokharoi, or the Tokaran People.  The term “Tukhara” is also found in Sanskrit, and this kingdom  was also said to have sent ambassadors to the Southern Liang and Tang dynasties. We aren't exactly certain of where these Tokharan people came from, but as we've just described, there's a prevailing theory that they were the remnants of the Yuezhi and Kushana people originally from the Tarim Basin.  We know that in the 6th century they came under the rule of the Gokturk Khaganate, which once spanned from the Liao river basin to the Black Sea.  In the 7th and 8th centuries they came under the rule of the Tang Empire, where they were known by very similar characters as those used to write “Tukara” in the Nihon Shoki.  On top of this, we see Tokharans traveling the Silk Road, all the way to the Tang court.  Furthermore, Tokharans that settled in Chang'an took the surname “Zhi” from the ethnonym “Yuezhi”, seemingly laying claim to and giving validation to the identity used back in the Han dynasty.   So, we have a Turkic record describing the Kuchean people (as in, from Kucha in the Tarim Basin) as “Twgry”, and we have a kingdom in Bactria called Tokara and populated (according to the Greeks) by people called Tokharoi.  You can see how this one term has been a fascinating rabbit hole in the study of the Silk Roads and their history.  And some scholars understandably suggested that perhaps the Indo-European languags found in Kucha and Turpan  were actually related to this “Tokhara” – and therefore  should be called “Tocharian”, specifically Tocharian A (Kuchean) or Tocharian B (Turfanian). The problem is that if the Tokharans were speaking “Tocharian” then you wouldn't expect to just see it at Kucha and Turpan, which are about the middle of the road between Tokhara and the Tang dynasty, and which had long been under Gokturk rule.  You would also expect to see it in the areas of Bactria associated with Tokhara.  However, that isn't what we see.  Instead, we see that Bactria was the home of local Bactrian language—an Eastern Iranian language, which, though it is part of the Indo European language family, it is not closely related to Tocharian as far as we can tell. It is possible that the people of Kucha referred to themselves as something similar to “Twgry”, or “Tochari”, but we should also remember that comes from a Turkic source, and it could have been an exonym not related to what they called themselves.  I should also note that language is not people.  It is also possible that a particular ethnonym was maintained separately by two groups that may have been connected politically but which came to speak different languages for whatever reason.   There could be a connection between the names, or it could even be that the same or similar exonym was used for different groups. So, that was a lot and a bit of a ramble, but a lot of things that I find interesting—even if they aren't as connected as they may appear.  We have the Tarim mummies, which are, today, held at a museum in modern Urumqi.  Whether they had any connection with Europe or not, they remain a fascinating study for the wealth of material items found in and around the Tarim basin and similar locations.  And then there is the saga of the Tocharian languages—or perhaps more appropriately the Kuchean-Turfanian languages: Indo-European languages that seem to be well outside of where we would expect to find them. Finally, just past the Pamirs, we get to the land of Tokhara or Tokharistan.  Even without anything else, we know that they had contact with the court.  Perhaps our castaways were from this land?  The name is certainly similar to what we see in the Nihon Shoki, using some of the same characters. All in all, art and other information suggest that the area of the Tarim basin and the Silk Road in general were quite cosmopolitan, with many different people from different regions of the world.  Bactria retained Hellenic influences ever since the conquests of Alexander of Macedonia, aka Alexander the Great, and Sogdian and Persian traders regularly brought their caravans through the region to trade.  And once the Tang dynasty controlled all of the routes, that just made travel that much easier, and many people traveled back and forth. So from that perspective, it is possible that one or more people from Tukhara may have made the crossing from their home all the way to the Tang court, but if they did so, the question still remains: why would they be in a boat? Utilizing overland routes, they would have hit Chang'an or Louyang, the dual capitals of the Tang empire, well before they hit the ocean.  However, the Nihon Shoki says that these voyagers first came ashore at Amami and then later says that they were trying to get to the Tang court. Now there was another “Silk Road” that isn't as often mentioned: the sea route, following the coast of south Asia, around through the Malacca strait and north along the Asian coast.  This route is sometimes viewed more in terms of the “spice” road If these voyagers set out to get to the Tang court by boat, they would have to have traveled south to the Indian Ocean—possibly traveling through Shravasti or Sha'e, depending on the route they chose to take—and then around the Malacca strait—unless they made it on foot all the way to Southeast Asia.  And then they would have taken a boat up the coast. Why do that instead of taking the overland route?  They could likely have traveled directly to the Tang court over the overland silk road.  Even the from Southeast Asia could have traveled up through Yunnan and made their way to the Tang court that way.  In fact, Zhang Qian had wondered something similar when he made it to the site of the new home of the Yuezhi, in Bactria.  Even then, in the 2nd century, he saw products in the marketplace that he identified as coming from around Szechuan.  That would mean south of the Han dynasty, and he couldn't figure out how those trade routes might exist and they weren't already known to the court.  Merchants would have had to traverse the dangerous mountains if they wanted to avoid being caught by the Xiongnu, who controlled the entire region. After returning to the Han court, Zhang Qian actually went out on another expedition to the south, trying to find the southern trade routes, but apparently was not able to do so.  That said, we do see, in later centuries, the trade routes open up between the area of the Sichuan basin and South Asia.  We also see the migrations of people further south, and there may have even been some Roman merchants who traveled up this route to find their way to the Han court, though those accounts are not without their own controversy. In either case, whether by land or sea, these trade routes were not always open.  In some cases, seasonal weather, such as monsoons, might dictate movement back and forth, while political realities were also a factor.  Still, it is worth remembering that even though most people were largely concerned with affairs in their own backyard, the world was still more connected than people give it credit for.  Tang dynasty pottery made its way to the east coast of Africa, and ostriches were brought all the way to Chang'an. As for the travelers from Tukhara and why they would take this long and very round-about method of travel, it is possible that they were just explorers, seeking new routes, or even on some kind of pilgrimage.  Either way, they would have been way off course. But if they did pass through Southeast Asia, that would match up with another theory about what “Tukara” meant: that it actually refers to the Dvaravati kingdom in what is now modern Thailand.  The Dvaravati Kingdom was a Mon political entity that rose up around the 6th century.  It even sent embassies to the Sui and Tang courts.  This is even before the temple complexes in Siem Reap, such as Preah Ko and the more famous Angkor Wat.  And it was during this time that the ethnic Tai people are thought to have started migrating south from Yunnan, possibly due to pressures from the expanding Sui and Tang empires.  Today, most of what remains of the Dvaravati kingdom are the ruins of ancient stone temples, showing a heavy Indic influence, and even early Buddhist practices as well.  “Dvaravati” may not actually be the name of the kingdom but it comes from an inscription on a coin found from about that time.  The Chinese refer to it as  “To-lo-po-ti” in contemporary records.  It may not even have been a kingdom, but  more of a confederation of city-states—it is hard to piece everything together.  That it was well connected, though, is clear from the archaeological record.  In Dvaravati sites, we see coins from as far as Rome, and we even have a lamp found in modern Pong Tuk that appears to match similar examples from the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century.  Note that this doesn't mean it arrived in the 6th century—similarly with the coins—but the Dvaravati state lasted until the 12th century. If that was the case, perhaps there were some women from a place called “Shravasti” or similar, especially given the Indic influence in the region. Now, given the location of the Dvaravati, it wouldn't be so farfetched to think that someone might sail up from the Gulf of Thailand and end up off-course, though it does mean sailing up the entire Ryukyuan chain or really running off course and finding yourself adrift on the East China sea.  And if they were headed to the Tang court, perhaps they did have translators or knew Chinese, since Yamato was unlikely to know the Mon language of Dvaravati and people from Dvaravati probably wouldn't know the Japonic language.  Unless, perhaps, they were communicating through Buddhist priests via Sanskrit. We've now heard two possibilities for Tukara, both pretty far afield: the region of Tokara in Bactria, and the Dvaravati kingdom in Southeast Asia.  That said, the third and simplest explanation—and the one favored by Aston in his translation of the Nihon Shoki—is that Tukara is actually referring to a place in the Ryukyu island chain.  Specifically, there is a “Tokara” archipelago, which spans between Yakushima and Amami-Oshima.  This is part of the Nansei islands, and the closest part of the Ryukyuan island chain to the main Japanese archipelago.  This is the most likely theory, and could account for the entry talking about Amami.  It is easy to see how sailors could end up adrift, too far north, and come to shore in Hyuga, aka Himuka, on the east side of Kyushu.  It certainly would make more sense for them to be from this area of the Ryukyuan archipelago than from anywhere else.  From Yakushima to Amami-Oshima is the closest part of the island chain to Kyushu, and as we see in the entry from the Shoku Nihongi, those three places seem to have been connected as being near to Japan.  So what was going on down there, anyway? Well, first off, let's remember that the Ryukyuan archipelago is not just the island of Okinawa, but a series of islands that go from Kyushu all the way to the island of Taiwan.  Geographically speaking, they are all part of the same volcanic ridge extending southward.  The size of the islands and their distance from each other does vary, however, creating some natural barriers in the form of large stretches of open water, which have shaped how various groups developed on the islands. Humans came to the islands around the same time they were reaching the Japanese mainland.  In fact, some of our only early skeletal remains for early humans in Japan actually come from either the Ryukyuan peninsula in the south or around Hokkaido to the north, and that has to do with the acidity of the soil in much of mainland Japan. Based on genetic studies, we know that at least two groups appear to have inhabited the islands from early times.  One group appears to be related to the Jomon people of Japan, while the other appears to be more related to the indigenous people of Taiwan, who, themselves, appear to have been the ancestors of many Austronesian people.  Just as some groups followed islands to the south of Taiwan, some appear to have headed north.  However, they only made it so far.  As far as I know there is no evidence they made it past Miyakoshima, the northernmost island in the Sakishima islands.  Miyako island is separated from the next large island, Okinawa, by a large strait, known as the Miyako Strait, though sometimes called the Kerama gap in English.  It is a 250km wide stretch of open ocean, which is quite the distance for anyone to travel, even for Austronesian people of Taiwan, who had likely not developed the extraordinary navigational technologies that the people who would become the Pacific Islanders would discover. People on the Ryukyu island chain appear to have been in contact with the people of the Japanese archipelago since at least the Jomon period, and some of the material artifacts demonstrate a cultural connection.  That was likely impacted by the Akahoya eruption, about 3500 years ago, and then re-established at a later date.  We certainly see sea shells and corals trade to the people of the Japanese islands from fairly early on. Unlike the people on the Japanese archipelago, the people of the Ryukyuan archipelago did not really adopt the Yayoi and later Kofun culture.  They weren't building large, mounded tombs, and they retained the character of a hunter-gatherer society, rather than transitioning to a largely agricultural way of life.  The pottery does change in parts of Okinawa, which makes sense given the connections between the regions.  Unfortunately, there is a lot we don't know about life in the islands around this time.  We don't exactly have written records, other than things like the entries in the Nihon Shoki, and those are hardly the most detailed of accounts.  In the reign of Kashikiya Hime, aka Suiko Tennou, we see people from Yakushima, which is, along with Tanegashima, one of the largest islands at the northern end of the Ryukyu chain, just before you hit Kagoshima and the Osumi peninsula on the southern tip of Kyushu.  The islands past that would be the Tokara islands, until you hit the large island of Amami. So you can see how it would make sense that the people from “Tokara” would make sense to be from the area between Yakushima and Amami, and in many ways this explanation seems too good to be true.  There are a only a few things that make this a bit peculiar. First, this doesn't really explain the woman from “Sha'e” in any compelling way that I can see.  Second, the name, Kenzuhashi Tatsuna doesn't seem to fit with what we generally know about early Japonic names, and the modern Ryukyuan language certainly is a Japonic language, but there are still plenty of possible explanations.  There is also the connection of Tokara with “Tokan”, which is mentioned in an entry in 699 in the Shoku Nihongi, the Chronicle that follows on, quite literally to the Nihon Shoki.  Why would they call it “Tokan” instead of “Tokara” so soon after?  Also, why would these voyagers go back to their country by way of the Tang court?  Unless, of course, that is where they were headed in the first place.  In which case, did the Man from Tukara intentionally leave his wife in Yamato, or was she something of a hostage while they continued on their mission?   And so those are the theories.  The man from “Tukara” could be from Tokhara, or Tokharistan, at the far end of the Silk Road.  Or it could have been referring to the Dvaravati Kingdom, in modern Thailand.  Still, in the end, Occam's razor suggests that the simplest answer is that these were actually individuals from the Tokara islands in the Ryukyuan archipelago.  It is possible that they were from Amami, not that they drifted there.  More likely, a group from Amami drifted ashore in Kyushu as they were trying to find a route to the Tang court, as they claimed.  Instead they found themselves taking a detour to the court of Yamato, instead. And we could have stuck with that story, but I thought that maybe, just maybe, this would be a good time to reflect once again on how connected everything was.  Because even if they weren't from Dvaravati, that Kingdom was still trading with Rome and with the Tang.  And the Tang controlled the majority of the overland silk road through the Tarim basin.  We even know that someone from Tukhara made it to Chang'an, because they were mentioned on a stele that talked about an Asian sect of Christianity, the “Shining Religion”, that was praised and allowed to set up shop in the Tang capital, along with Persian Manicheans and Zoroastrians.  Regardless of where these specific people may have been from, the world was clearly growing only more connected, and prospering, as well. Next episode we'll continue to look at how things were faring between the archipelago and the continent. Until then thank you for listening and for all of your support. If you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

In der dynamischen Welt der Technologieunternehmen zeichnet sich Liao Xiaolan durch seine bemerkenswerte Führungskompetenz aus. Als stellvertretender Leiter der Technologieabteilung führt er sein Team mit ruhiger und konzentrierter Stärke durch die Herausforderungen des Arbeitsalltages. Seine innere Stärke und Weisheit, die er in schwierigen Situationen zeigt, schöpft Liao aus einer ungewöhnlichen Quelle: dem Buch Zhuan Falun, das er schon unzählige Male gelesen hat... https://de.minghui.org/html/articles/2024/12/2/179646.html

In this week's episode, host Margaret Walls talks with Resources for the Future (RFF) scholars Yanjun (Penny) Liao, David Wear, and Matthew Wibbenmeyer about the recent wildfires in Los Angeles, California. They discuss the factors that exacerbated the wildfires, measures that homeowners and communities can take to mitigate wildfire risk and damage, the negative health effects of wildfire smoke, and the evolving landscape in California for insurance that covers wildfires. They also talk about federal responses to the wildfires and recommend organizations that are helping affected communities in Los Angeles and accepting donations. References and recommendations: “From Catastrophe to Caution: The Effect of Wildfires on Community Hazard Mitigation Investments” by Yanjun (Penny) Liao, Simon Sølvsten, and Zachary Whitlock; https://www.rff.org/publications/working-papers/from-catastrophe-to-caution-the-effect-of-wildfires-on-community-hazard-mitigation-investments/ “Insurance Availability and Affordability under Increasing Wildfire Risk in California” by Yanjun (Penny) Liao, Margaret A. Walls, Matthew Wibbenmeyer, and Sophie Pesek; https://www.rff.org/publications/issue-briefs/insurance-availability-and-affordability-under-increasing-wildfire-risk-in-california/ “Changing Hazards, Exposure, and Vulnerability in the Conterminous United States, 2020–2070” by David N. Wear, Travis Warziniack, Claire O'Dea, and John Coulston; https://www.rff.org/publications/working-papers/changing-hazards-exposure-and-vulnerability-in-the-conterminous-united-states-20202070/ California Community Foundation; https://www.calfund.org/ World Central Kitchen; https://wck.org/ Los Angeles Fire Department Foundation; https://supportlafd.org/ Grassroots Wildland Firefighters; https://www.grassrootswildlandfirefighters.com/

Dr. Liao's Divisional Round Injury Report Dr. Liao looks at the CFB playoff and NFL Injury reporting mechanisms. If you have any doubts that the NCAA does not care about its athletes in any way, shape, or form, let the Doc school you. Then he moves on to the most current information about the Detroit Lions players and their potential upcoming opponents. The Doctor is definitely in this week. Detroit Lions Podcast Brings You Key Detroit Lions Coverage The Detroit Lions Podcast will continue to bring you the latest info on the Lions as the team marches through opponents in the 2023 NFL season. Stay tuned as we continue to bring you more great Detroit Lions content every day. https://youtu.be/ptUqvRa9MCY Let us know what you think about the show by commenting in the podcast thread in the subreddit, or by leaving us a voice mail message via Skype at: Detroit Lions Podcast Your input will help make the show better, and if you leave us a message on Skype, you just might be featured in an upcoming podcast! You can also give us a call at (929) 33-Lions. Get yourself a Classic Detroit t-shirt here! http://shirt.detroitlionspodcast.com Don't miss our great merch selection in the Detroit Lions Podcast store. Looking for the relief that CBD products can bring? Click here: https://bit.ly/2XzawlG Get your Lions Gear at: https://bit.ly/2Ooo5Px As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases made here: https://amzn.to/36e2ZfD Donate Direct at: https://bit.ly/2qnEtFj Join the Patreon Crew at: https://bit.ly/2bgQgyj #lions #detroitlions #detroitlionspodcast #onepride #allgrit #sanfrancisco #49ers #purdy #mccaffery #goff Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Liao's Regular Season Injury Report Wrap-Up Dr. Liao looks at the Lions regular season and their upcoming playoff scenarios. Will players like Aiden Hutchenson and Carlton Davis be back at any point in the playoff run? How bad is the Detroit Lions injury situation going into the playoffs, and is it about to get significantly better? Detroit Lions Podcast Brings You Key Detroit Lions Coverage The Detroit Lions Podcast will continue to bring you the latest info on the Lions as the team marches through opponents in the 2023 NFL season. Stay tuned as we continue to bring you more great Detroit Lions content every day. https://youtu.be/vehsppIHzTQ Let us know what you think about the show by commenting in the podcast thread in the subreddit, or by leaving us a voice mail message via Skype at: Detroit Lions Podcast Your input will help make the show better, and if you leave us a message on Skype, you just might be featured in an upcoming podcast! You can also give us a call at (929) 33-Lions. Get yourself a Classic Detroit t-shirt here! http://shirt.detroitlionspodcast.com Don't miss our great merch selection in the Detroit Lions Podcast store. Looking for the relief that CBD products can bring? Click here: https://bit.ly/2XzawlG Get your Lions Gear at: https://bit.ly/2Ooo5Px As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases made here: https://amzn.to/36e2ZfD Donate Direct at: https://bit.ly/2qnEtFj Join the Patreon Crew at: https://bit.ly/2bgQgyj #lions #detroitlions #detroitlionspodcast #onepride #allgrit #sanfrancisco #49ers #purdy #mccaffery #goff Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Liao's Lions vs Vikings Injury Report Dr. Liao takes a peek at the Detroit Lions' injury situation coming out of their defeat of the San Francisco 49ers. The Lions handled their business in San Francisco, ending yet another ludicrous streak that we'd all like to forget. Doc also looks at the Detroit Lions' next opponent, the Minnesota Vikings. The winner of this game is the number one seed in the NFC and has home field advantage throughout the playoffs. The loser plays on the road for their entire playoff run unless multiple wildcard teams make it to the NFC Championship game. Detroit Lions Podcast Brings You Key Detroit Lions Coverage The Detroit Lions Podcast will continue to bring you the latest info on the Lions as the team marches through opponents in the 2023 NFL season. Stay tuned as we continue to bring you more great Detroit Lions content every day. https://youtu.be/0j81wkEmY-Q Let us know what you think about the show by commenting in the podcast thread in the subreddit, or by leaving us a voice mail message via Skype at: Detroit Lions Podcast Your input will help make the show better, and if you leave us a message on Skype, you just might be featured in an upcoming podcast! You can also give us a call at (929) 33-Lions. Get yourself a Classic Detroit t-shirt here! http://shirt.detroitlionspodcast.com Don't miss our great merch selection in the Detroit Lions Podcast store. Looking for the relief that CBD products can bring? Click here: https://bit.ly/2XzawlG Get your Lions Gear at: https://bit.ly/2Ooo5Px As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases made here: https://amzn.to/36e2ZfD Donate Direct at: https://bit.ly/2qnEtFj Join the Patreon Crew at: https://bit.ly/2bgQgyj #lions #detroitlions #detroitlionspodcast #onepride #allgrit #sanfrancisco #49ers #purdy #mccaffery #goff Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Liao's Lions vs 49ers Injury Report Dr. Liao takes a peek at the Detroit Lions' injury situation coming out of their annihilation of the Chicago Bears. The Lions were victorious, and may not have actually gotten worse this week. Doc also looks at the Detroit Lions' next opponent, the San Francisco 49ers. The 49ers and the Detroit Lions may have the worst injury situations in the NFL this season, but only one team has been able to overcome theirs. Detroit Lions Podcast Brings You Key Detroit Lions Coverage The Detroit Lions Podcast will continue to bring you the latest info on the Lions as the team marches through opponents in the 2023 NFL season. Stay tuned as we continue to bring you more great Detroit Lions content every day. https://youtu.be/ZYfzl4rcl5c Let us know what you think about the show by commenting in the podcast thread in the subreddit, or by leaving us a voice mail message via Skype at: Detroit Lions Podcast Your input will help make the show better, and if you leave us a message on Skype, you just might be featured in an upcoming podcast! You can also give us a call at (929) 33-Lions. Get yourself a Classic Detroit t-shirt here! http://shirt.detroitlionspodcast.com Don't miss our great merch selection in the Detroit Lions Podcast store. Looking for the relief that CBD products can bring? Click here: https://bit.ly/2XzawlG Get your Lions Gear at: https://bit.ly/2Ooo5Px As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases made here: https://amzn.to/36e2ZfD Donate Direct at: https://bit.ly/2qnEtFj Join the Patreon Crew at: https://bit.ly/2bgQgyj #lions #detroitlions #detroitlionspodcast #onepride #allgrit #sanfrancisco #49ers #purdy #mccaffery #goff Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Liao's Week 15 Injury Report Dr. Liao breaks down the Detroit Lions injury situation ahead of their game against the Chicago Bears at Soldier Field. The Buffalo Bills game resulted in a number of new injuries for an already decimated team and Dr. Liao walks Lions fans through the situation, and what they can expect from the team (health-wise) in the near future, the playoffs, and next year. Doc also looks at the Detroit Lions' season ticket pricing situation. A number of Detroit Lions season ticket holders have spoken up regarding the large ticket price increase the Lions front office has imposed for the second year running asking where the ceiling might lie and if the team is trying to price out hard working, long time, loyal fans. Dr. Liao brings his perspective and discusses some of the thinking that might be going into these increases. Detroit Lions Podcast Brings You Key Detroit Lions Coverage The Detroit Lions Podcast will continue to bring you the latest info on the Lions as the team marches through opponents in the 2023 NFL season. Stay tuned as we continue to bring you more great Detroit Lions content every day. https://youtu.be/6couplrvZTo Let us know what you think about the show by commenting in the podcast thread in the subreddit, or by leaving us a voice mail message via Skype at: Detroit Lions Podcast Your input will help make the show better, and if you leave us a message on Skype, you just might be featured in an upcoming podcast! You can also give us a call at (929) 33-Lions. Get yourself a Classic Detroit t-shirt here! http://shirt.detroitlionspodcast.com Don't miss our great merch selection in the Detroit Lions Podcast store. Looking for the relief that CBD products can bring? Click here: https://bit.ly/2XzawlG Get your Lions Gear at: https://bit.ly/2Ooo5Px As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases made here: https://amzn.to/36e2ZfD Donate Direct at: https://bit.ly/2qnEtFj Join the Patreon Crew at: https://bit.ly/2bgQgyj #lions #detroitlions #detroitlionspodcast #onepride #injury Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Liao's Week 14 Injury Report Dr. Liao takes a peek at the Detroit Lions' injury situation going into their week 15 matchup with the Buffalo Bills. Things are looking a little bit less bleak this week in Detroit. Doc also looks at the Detroit Lions' next opponent, the Buffalo Bills. The Bills have a lengthy report, but only a few of their players are actually missing full practices. Doc brings the heat as only he can this week. Detroit Lions Podcast Brings You Key Detroit Lions Coverage The Detroit Lions Podcast will continue to bring you the latest info on the Lions as the team marches through opponents in the 2023 NFL season. Stay tuned as we continue to bring you more great Detroit Lions content every day. https://youtu.be/xBZINoZBoUU Let us know what you think about the show by commenting in the podcast thread in the subreddit, or by leaving us a voice mail message via Skype at: Detroit Lions Podcast Your input will help make the show better, and if you leave us a message on Skype, you just might be featured in an upcoming podcast! You can also give us a call at (929) 33-Lions. Get yourself a Classic Detroit t-shirt here! http://shirt.detroitlionspodcast.com Don't miss our great merch selection in the Detroit Lions Podcast store. Looking for the relief that CBD products can bring? Click here: https://bit.ly/2XzawlG Get your Lions Gear at: https://bit.ly/2Ooo5Px As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases made here: https://amzn.to/36e2ZfD Donate Direct at: https://bit.ly/2qnEtFj Join the Patreon Crew at: https://bit.ly/2bgQgyj #lions #detroitlions #detroitlionspodcast #onepride #allgrit #sanfrancisco #49ers #purdy #mccaffery #goff Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

When Chinese businesswoman Cai Liao realized that her lover, Giangwa “Brian” Mach, wasn't willing to leave his wife after a three year relationship, she turned the tables by going on a killing spree in attempt to punish him. They say hell hath no fury like a woman scorned – and in this case, they are absolutely right. Stop leaving yourself vulnerable to data breaches. Go to my sponsor https://aura.com/sinister to get a 14-day free trial and see if any of your data has been exposed. Stop putting off those doctors appointments and go to https://zocdoc.com/SINISTER to find and instantly book a top-rated doctor today. Main channel: https://www.youtube.com/@bozevstheworld 2nd true crime channel: https://www.youtube.com/@bozebutshorter 3rd non-true crime channel: https://www.youtube.com/@bozesbreakroom Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Liao's Week 14 Injury Report Dr. Liao takes a peak at the ever-growing list of Detroit Lions missing practices and going on IR. Who might make it back this week? Who might make it back for the playoffs? Who are we resigned to missing until next season. Doc also looks at the Lions next opponent, Green Bay Packers. While they are healthier than the Lions, the Packers may be out Romeo Doubs and Jaire Alexander for Thursday night's game. Detroit Lions Podcast Brings You Key Detroit Lions Coverage The Detroit Lions Podcast will continue to bring you the latest info on the Lions as the team marches through opponents in the 2023 NFL season. Stay tuned as we continue to bring you more great Detroit Lions content every day. https://youtu.be/Zq-gm53PUGI Let us know what you think about the show by commenting in the podcast thread in the subreddit, or by leaving us a voice mail message via Skype at: Detroit Lions Podcast Your input will help make the show better, and if you leave us a message on Skype, you just might be featured in an upcoming podcast! You can also give us a call at (929) 33-Lions. Get yourself a Classic Detroit t-shirt here! http://shirt.detroitlionspodcast.com Don't miss our great merch selection in the Detroit Lions Podcast store. Looking for the relief that CBD products can bring? Click here: https://bit.ly/2XzawlG Get your Lions Gear at: https://bit.ly/2Ooo5Px As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases made here: https://amzn.to/36e2ZfD Donate Direct at: https://bit.ly/2qnEtFj Join the Patreon Crew at: https://bit.ly/2bgQgyj #lions #detroitlions #detroitlionspodcast #onepride #allgrit #sanfrancisco #49ers #purdy #mccaffery #goff Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In the late '90s, Abercrombie & Fitch CEO Mike Jeffries transformed the once defunct sporting goods store into the hottest brand in America. He did that by intentionally making Abercrombie & Fitch seem unattainable for any kids he deemed ""uncool."" But after crossing multiple lines with racial discrimination, offensive graphic tees, and absolutely appalling thongs for middle schoolers... Jeffries fell out of style. As sales continued to plummet, investors rightfully gave Jeffries the boot.Leslie Liao (The Tonight Show, Don't Tell Comedy) and CJ Franco (FBoy Island, The GOAT) join Misha to pull at the threads of Abercrombie & Fitch.Follow The Big Flop on the Wondery app or wherever you get your podcasts. You can listen to The Big Flop early and ad-free on Wondery+. Join Wondery+ in the Wondery app or on Apple Podcasts.Be the first to know about Wondery's newest podcasts, curated recommendations, and more! Sign up now at https://wondery.fm/wonderynewsletterListen to The Big Flop on the Wondery App or wherever you get your podcasts. You can listen early and ad-free on Wondery+. Join Wondery+ in the Wondery App, Apple Podcasts or Spotify. Start your free trial by visiting wondery.com/links/the-big-flop/ now.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Find out how to say "history" in Chinese with the specialist on the Liao dynasty, Jonathan Dugdale. Also, discover how a small Buddhist structure still exerts its influence in the Chinese language in the modern day. ✨ BIG NEWS ✨ Our brand new Talk Chineasy App, is now live on the App Store! Free to download and perfect for building your speaking confidence from Day 1. portaly.cc/chineasy Visit our website for more info about the app.

Leave feedback!Today I am speaking with Rebecca Liao, CEO and Co-founder at Saga. A Stanford economics graduate and Harvard Law alumna, Rebecca's remarkable journey spans from corporate law to presidential politics, serving as policy advisor for both the Biden and Clinton campaigns. Her entrepreneurial path includes co-founding Skuchain, which grew to $5 billion in annual volume providing short-term liquidity to small businesses, and early leadership at Globality, where she helped drive the company to unicorn status through AI and international procurement solutions. At Saga, Rebecca is revolutionizing blockchain infrastructure for gaming and entertainment, creating automated solutions for developers while maintaining a steadfast focus on community building. A lifelong performer who began ballet at age three, she brings an artist's sensibility to technology leadership.Show Notes and TranscriptsThe GRTiQ Podcast takes listeners inside web3 and The Graph (GRT) by interviewing members of the ecosystem.  Please help support this project and build the community by subscribing and leaving a review.Twitter: GRT_iQwww.GRTiQ.com

Learn “old” in Chinese along with top historian Jonathan Dugdale, an expert on the Liao dynasty. Be sure to understand the different words for “old” and how to use them in a non-offensive way. Chineasy creator ShaoLan will teach you how! ✨ BIG NEWS ✨ Our brand new Talk Chineasy App, is now live on the App Store! Free to download and perfect for building your speaking confidence from Day 1. portaly.cc/chineasy Visit our website for more info about the app.

Dr. Liao's Week 12 Injury Report Dr. Liao takes a peak at the long term prognosis for Alex Anzalone and Aiden Hutchenson. He also takes jabs at the Mike Tyson Jake Paul "fight" that occurred last weekend. If you're looking for a deep dive into athletic bone and tendon injuries and their treatment this is the video for you. Doc also looks at the Lions next opponent, the Indianapolis colts and diagnoses their chances on Sunday against the Detroit Lions. Spoiler alert, this case might be terminal. Detroit Lions Podcast Brings You Key Detroit Lions Coverage The Detroit Lions Podcast will continue to bring you the latest info on the Lions as the team marches through opponents in the 2023 NFL season. Stay tuned as we continue to bring you more great Detroit Lions content every day. https://youtu.be/26SwoW9V4NY Let us know what you think about the show by commenting in the podcast thread in the subreddit, or by leaving us a voice mail message via Skype at: Detroit Lions Podcast Your input will help make the show better, and if you leave us a message on Skype, you just might be featured in an upcoming podcast! You can also give us a call at (929) 33-Lions. Get yourself a Classic Detroit t-shirt here! http://shirt.detroitlionspodcast.com Don't miss our great merch selection in the Detroit Lions Podcast store. Looking for the relief that CBD products can bring? Click here: https://bit.ly/2XzawlG Get your Lions Gear at: https://bit.ly/2Ooo5Px As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases made here: https://amzn.to/36e2ZfD Donate Direct at: https://bit.ly/2qnEtFj Join the Patreon Crew at: https://bit.ly/2bgQgyj #lions #detroitlions #detroitlionspodcast #onepride #allgrit #sanfrancisco #49ers #purdy #mccaffery #goff Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Liao's Week 11 Injury Report Dr. Liao looks at the Detroit Lions injury report and that of their opponent, Jacksonville Jaguars. Sam Laporta, Carlton Davis, Taylor Decker, and Malcolm Rodriguez all showed up on the injury report this week for the Lions. Trevor Lawrence is out for the Jaguars this week. Gabe Davis, Josh Hines-Allen, Brandon Scherff, and Brian Thomas all also appeared among the Jaguars 13 players on the injury report this week. Doc is pretty sure the Lions have this one handled. Detroit Lions Podcast Brings You Key Detroit Lions Coverage The Detroit Lions Podcast will continue to bring you the latest info on the Lions as the team marches through opponents in the 2023 NFL season. Stay tuned as we continue to bring you more great Detroit Lions content every day. https://youtu.be/l3rLudBdNT8 Let us know what you think about the show by commenting in the podcast thread in the subreddit, or by leaving us a voice mail message via Skype at: Detroit Lions Podcast Your input will help make the show better, and if you leave us a message on Skype, you just might be featured in an upcoming podcast! You can also give us a call at (929) 33-Lions. Get yourself a Classic Detroit t-shirt here! http://shirt.detroitlionspodcast.com Don't miss our great merch selection in the Detroit Lions Podcast store. Looking for the relief that CBD products can bring? Click here: https://bit.ly/2XzawlG Get your Lions Gear at: https://bit.ly/2Ooo5Px As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases made here: https://amzn.to/36e2ZfD Donate Direct at: https://bit.ly/2qnEtFj Join the Patreon Crew at: https://bit.ly/2bgQgyj #lions #detroitlions #detroitlionspodcast #onepride #allgrit #sanfrancisco #49ers #purdy #mccaffery #goff Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Over the past three years, several seemingly frozen conflicts (Sudan, Russia/Ukraine, Israel/Gaza, Armenia/Azerbaijan, etc) have broke out into hot conflicts that are challenging the current international order. There is, however, one of the longest standing potential flashpoints that has not entered the fray, but is listed as one issue that could embroil the world. That is the unresolved issue of cross-strait relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC), also known as the island of Taiwan. For more than seventy years, the question of who controls Taiwan has simmered just under the surface of geopolitical tensions, as the PRC continues to claim control of Taiwan, while recognizing that reunification is necessary (the juxtaposition here is insightful). The ROC continues to maintain that the political status of Taiwan can only be decided by the people of Taiwan, who currently support maintaining the status quo (having their own democracy, while not openly trying to claim full independence). In this episode we speak with Director General Charles Liao of the Taiwan Economic and Cultural Office in Boston. As the US and Taiwan do not maintain official relations, they do not maintain an embassy or series of consulates throughout the US, so these offices act as the representatives of the ROC in the US. Listen to gain insights into the current state of cross-strait relations and how the ROC views their relationship with the PRC. This becomes increasingly important as the PRC continues to ramp up military drills surrounding Taiwan, increasing the chances for a miscalculation or accident that can lead to all out war. In an age where military might has returned to the global stage as a way to resolve conflicts, the question of Taiwan and how to encourage a diplomatic resolution remains one of the most important of the day.As mentioned in the podcast introduction, if you are interested in learning more about what foreign policy might look like as the United States enters a second term for President Trump, please watch our conversation with Dan Negrea of the Atlantic Council and co-Author of "We Win, They Lose: Republican Foreign Policy and the New Cold War". You can watch the RECORDING HERE.Charles Liao is the Director-General of Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Boston. Prior to assuming his current position on August 3rd 2023, Mr. Liao was Deputy Secretary-General of the Taiwan Council for U.S. Affairs, seconded to Foreign Minister's Office, from 2020 to 2023.From 2014 to 2020, Mr. Liao served in Washington, D.C. as First Secretary and then Deputy Director at the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States. He was Section Chief in the Department of East Asian and Pacific Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 2010 to 2013. From 2004 to 2010, Mr. Liao served as Senior Consular Officer at the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Los Angeles.Mr. Liao earned a Bachelor of Arts in Diplomacy from National Chengchi University in 1999. Mr. Liao is married to Nicole Chang and they have two daughters, Norah and Carice.

LESLIE AND I DISCUSS SKINCARE, LUXURY AND THE HOAFOLLOW ON IG: @THESORRYWHATPOD, @RESRIERIAO, @HEYJAREDHEYJOIN THE PATREON: PATREON.COM/JAREDGOLDSTEINFOLLOW ON TIKTOK: @HEYJAREDHEY, @RESRIERIAOFOLLOW THE SHOW ON YOUTUBE: @HEYJAREDHEYPRODUCED BY @BADLADDERCOVER ART BY @WHYENNE.SHOULDWARDPHOTO BY @PORCHFINDSTITLE MUSIC: EVERYONE YOU KNOW BY LETTER BOX

Learn the word for “city” in Chinese along with top historian on the Liao dynasty, Jonathan Dugdale. Find out why some of the Chinese place names used today were given to cities in China over a thousand years ago. ✨ BIG NEWS ✨ Our brand new Talk Chineasy App, is now live on the App Store! Free to download and perfect for building your speaking confidence from Day 1. portaly.cc/chineasy Visit our website for more info about the app.

Dr. Liao's Week 10 Injury Report Dr. Liao looks at the Detroit Lions injury report and that of their opponent the Green Bay Packers. Is Zadarius Smith injured? What about his 2021 back injury? Is that relatively minor, or something we need to be concerned about? The Lions got through the Packer game relatively healthy without any major long-term issues that we could see. Punter Tommy Townsend is injured, so the Lions have a distinct field position advantage. The Houston Texans wide receiver corp is banged up and could be missing multiple high-impact players. Detroit Lions Podcast Brings You Key Detroit Lions Coverage The Detroit Lions Podcast will continue to bring you the latest info on the Lions as the team marches through opponents in the 2023 NFL season. Stay tuned as we continue to bring you more great Detroit Lions content every day. https://youtu.be/HwesTUhUXUU Let us know what you think about the show by commenting in the podcast thread in the subreddit, or by leaving us a voice mail message via Skype at: Detroit Lions Podcast Your input will help make the show better, and if you leave us a message on Skype, you just might be featured in an upcoming podcast! You can also give us a call at (929) 33-Lions. Get yourself a Classic Detroit t-shirt here! http://shirt.detroitlionspodcast.com Don't miss our great merch selection in the Detroit Lions Podcast store. Looking for the relief that CBD products can bring? Click here: https://bit.ly/2XzawlG Get your Lions Gear at: https://bit.ly/2Ooo5Px As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases made here: https://amzn.to/36e2ZfD Donate Direct at: https://bit.ly/2qnEtFj Join the Patreon Crew at: https://bit.ly/2bgQgyj #lions #detroitlions #detroitlionspodcast #onepride #allgrit #sanfrancisco #49ers #purdy #mccaffery #goff Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Liao's Week 8 Injury Report Dr. Liao looks at the Detroit Lions injury report and that of their opponent the Green Bay Packers. Who is going to be the Packers Quarterback? Will Jordan Love be ready to go, or will we see Malik Willis on Sunday? Taylor Decker has been dealing with a chest injury. Ifeatu Melifonwu is getting closer to coming back. The entire interior offensive line is banged up and battling. Which Detroit Lions will be on the field and which will not? Detroit Lions Podcast Brings You Key Detroit Lions Coverage The Detroit Lions Podcast will continue to bring you the latest info on the Lions as the team marches through opponents in the 2023 NFL season. Stay tuned as we continue to bring you more great Detroit Lions content every day. https://youtu.be/KBt8seU3khk Let us know what you think about the show by commenting in the podcast thread in the subreddit, or by leaving us a voice mail message via Skype at: Detroit Lions Podcast Your input will help make the show better, and if you leave us a message on Skype, you just might be featured in an upcoming podcast! You can also give us a call at (929) 33-Lions. Get yourself a Classic Detroit t-shirt here! http://shirt.detroitlionspodcast.com Don't miss our great merch selection in the Detroit Lions Podcast store. Looking for the relief that CBD products can bring? Click here: https://bit.ly/2XzawlG Get your Lions Gear at: https://bit.ly/2Ooo5Px As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases made here: https://amzn.to/36e2ZfD Donate Direct at: https://bit.ly/2qnEtFj Join the Patreon Crew at: https://bit.ly/2bgQgyj #lions #detroitlions #detroitlionspodcast #onepride #allgrit #sanfrancisco #49ers #purdy #mccaffery #goff Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dave and Chris are joined live by The Joint business owner and "Dry Aged Fish Guy" Liwei Liao in our studio kitchen to chat all about sourcing fish and fish butchery. They discuss the common misconceptions about buying fish in supermarkets and how much "fresh" fish is actually frozen (shh!). Tune in for practical advice straight from the expert! Hosts: Dave Chang and Chris Ying Guest: Liwei Liao Video Producers: Ira Chute and Victoria Valencia Majordomo Media Production: Noelle Cornelio, Kelsey Rearden, and David Meyer Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Dr. Liao's Week 8 Injury Report Dr. Liao looks at the the Detroit Lions injury report and that of their opponent the Tennesee Titans. The Detroit Lions have only one player missing practice due to injury; guard Kevin Zeitler. However, many players are missing practice for Rest days. The Tennesee Titans are an often discussed trade deadline target for the Detroit Lions. The Titans are nursing a lot of injuries however with nine players showing up on the injury report this week so far. Detroit Lions Podcast Brings You Key Detroit Lions Coverage The Detroit Lions Podcast will continue to bring you the latest info on the Lions as the team marches through opponents in the 2023 NFL season. Stay tuned as we continue to bring you more great Detroit Lions content every day. https://youtu.be/6tCz05eoc28 Let us know what you think about the show by commenting in the podcast thread in the subreddit, or by leaving us a voice mail message via Skype at: Detroit Lions Podcast Your input will help make the show better, and if you leave us a message on Skype, you just might be featured in an upcoming podcast! You can also give us a call at (929) 33-Lions. Get yourself a Classic Detroit t-shirt here! http://shirt.detroitlionspodcast.com Don't miss our great merch selection in the Detroit Lions Podcast store. Looking for the relief that CBD products can bring? Click here: https://bit.ly/2XzawlG Get your Lions Gear at: https://bit.ly/2Ooo5Px As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases made here: https://amzn.to/36e2ZfD Donate Direct at: https://bit.ly/2qnEtFj Join the Patreon Crew at: https://bit.ly/2bgQgyj #lions #detroitlions #detroitlionspodcast #onepride #allgrit #sanfrancisco #49ers #purdy #mccaffery #goff Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Liao's Week 7 Injury Report Dr. Liao goes through the Detroit Lions' injury report and takes a look at their upcoming opponent, the Minnesota Vikings. How long will Aiden Hutchenson be out? Is there a chance he might make it back for the playoffs? Is it the same leg he injured at Michigan, or the same kind of injury? In other injury news and notes for the Detroit Lions, when are we finally going to see Ifiatu Melifonwu? Will Brian Branch be good to go Sunday? Is Carlton Danis' injury a long term problem or are the Detroit Lions being cautious? Detroit Lions Podcast Brings You Key Detroit Lions Coverage The Detroit Lions Podcast will continue to bring you the latest info on the Lions as the team marches through opponents in the 2023 NFL season. Stay tuned as we continue to bring you more great Detroit Lions content every day. https://youtu.be/sDs46tdJTvk Let us know what you think about the show by commenting in the podcast thread in the subreddit, or by leaving us a voice mail message via Skype at: Detroit Lions Podcast Your input will help make the show better, and if you leave us a message on Skype, you just might be featured in an upcoming podcast! You can also give us a call at (929) 33-Lions. Get yourself a Classic Detroit t-shirt here! http://shirt.detroitlionspodcast.com Don't miss our great merch selection in the Detroit Lions Podcast store. Looking for the relief that CBD products can bring? Click here: https://bit.ly/2XzawlG Get your Lions Gear at: https://bit.ly/2Ooo5Px As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases made here: https://amzn.to/36e2ZfD Donate Direct at: https://bit.ly/2qnEtFj Join the Patreon Crew at: https://bit.ly/2bgQgyj #lions #detroitlions #detroitlionspodcast #onepride #allgrit #sanfrancisco #49ers #purdy #mccaffery #goff Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

*Content Warning: anxiety, depression, mental illness, suicidal ideation, suicide, cyberbullying, cyberstalking, sextortion, and predatory internet grooming.Resources: National Alliance on Mental Illness: http://www.nami.orgSOSA — Safe from Online Sex Abuse: https://sosatogether.org/ Healthy Children – How to Make a Family Media Plan: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/Media/Pages/How-to-Make-a-Family-Media-Use-Plan.aspx Sources:Crushell, D. (2023, March 6). Park: Precise advertiser report - kids. YouTube Advertising Insights & Performance Blog. https://blog.precise.tv/blog/park_precise_advertiser_report_kids Proulx, M. (2023). Tiktok usage plateaus among us gen Z teens. Forrester. : https://bit.ly/4avWrZU Joseph, B. (2022, August). Cyberbullying (for parents) | nemours kidshealth. KidsHealth: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cyberbullying.prt-en.html Chou, H. G., & Edge, N. (2012). “They are happier and having better lives than I am”: The impact of using Facebook on perceptions of others lives. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15 (2), 117-121: https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2011.0324Ho, S. S., Lee, E. W., & Liao, Y. (2016). Social network sites, friends, and celebrities: The Roles of Social Comparison and Celebrity Involvement in Adolescents' Body Image Dissatisfaction. Social Media Society, 2(3), 205630511666421: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2056305116664216 Office of the Surgeon General (OSG). (2023). Social Media and Youth Mental Health: The U.S. Surgeon General's Advisory [Internet]. Washington (DC): US Department of Health and Human Services. What Drives Mental Health and Well-Being Concerns: A Snapshot of the Scientific Evidence. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK594764/Yates, J. (2024, January 23). Violence on social media - the online fight for our children's attention. Youth Endowment Fund: https://youthendowmentfund.org.uk/reports/children-violence-and-vulnerability-2023/ Katella, K. (2024, June 17). How social media affects your teen's mental health: A parent's guide. Yale Medicine: https://ym.care/9hg Ivey-Stephenson, A. Z. (2020). Suicidal ideation and behaviors among high school students - youth risk behavior survey, United States, 2019. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/su/su6901a6.htm Connect with Dr Corey Emanuel: Dr. Corey Emanuel's website: http://coreyemanuel.com Dr. Corey Emanuel's Linktree: http://linktr.ee/coreyemanuel Dr. Corey Emanuel's Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/coreyemanuel Dr. Corey Emanuel's TikTok: http://www.tiktok.com/drcoreyemanuel Men Talking Shift: http://www.instagram.com/mentalkingshiftSocials to tag: @coreyemanuel on IG @mentalkingshift on IGFollow Something Was Wrong:Website: somethingwaswrong.com IG: instagram.com/somethingwaswrongpodcastTikTok: tiktok.com/@somethingwaswrongpodcast Follow Tiffany Reese:Website: tiffanyreese.me IG: instagram.com/lookieboo business@tiffanyreese.me The SWW theme Song is U Think U, by Glad Rags. The S21 cover art is by the Amazing Sara Stewart.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Dr. Liao's Week 6 Injury Report Dr. Liao has a report for you regarding the Detroit Lions injury situation coming out of the bye week. Will Christian Mahogany finally warm the bench for the team? Find out that and more in this episode. Brian Branch gets closer to playing every day, but will it be this week? What about Frank Ragnow? Will the vaunted Detroit Lions offensive line finally be whole again? Detroit Lions Podcast Brings You Key Detroit Lions Coverage The Detroit Lions Podcast will continue to bring you the latest info on the Lions as the team marches through opponents in the 2023 NFL season. Stay tuned as we continue to bring you more great Detroit Lions content every day. https://youtu.be/9Dqj95wrhWo Let us know what you think about the show by commenting in the podcast thread in the subreddit, or by leaving us a voice mail message via Skype at: Detroit Lions Podcast Your input will help make the show better, and if you leave us a message on Skype, you just might be featured in an upcoming podcast! You can also give us a call at (929) 33-Lions. Get yourself a Classic Detroit t-shirt here! http://shirt.detroitlionspodcast.com Don't miss our great merch selection in the Detroit Lions Podcast store. Looking for the relief that CBD products can bring? Click here: https://bit.ly/2XzawlG Get your Lions Gear at: https://bit.ly/2Ooo5Px As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases made here: https://amzn.to/36e2ZfD Donate Direct at: https://bit.ly/2qnEtFj Join the Patreon Crew at: https://bit.ly/2bgQgyj #lions #detroitlions #detroitlionspodcast #onepride #allgrit #sanfrancisco #49ers #purdy #mccaffery #goff Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Liao's Week 5 Injury Report Dr. Jimmy Liao is back and better than ever with this week's installment of the Detroit Lions' injury report. How soon could we see Brian Branch back on the field? Is Alim McNeil likely to miss time. For the most comprehensive look at the Detroit Lions' injury report look no further than this video, right here, right now. Detroit Lions Podcast Brings You Key Detroit Lions Coverage The Detroit Lions Podcast will continue to bring you the latest info on the Lions as the team marches through opponents in the 2023 NFL season. Stay tuned as we continue to bring you more great Detroit Lions content every day. https://youtu.be/RGCP4VgPV1E Let us know what you think about the show by commenting in the podcast thread in the subreddit, or by leaving us a voice mail message via Skype at: Detroit Lions Podcast Your input will help make the show better, and if you leave us a message on Skype, you just might be featured in an upcoming podcast! You can also give us a call at (929) 33-Lions. Get yourself a Classic Detroit t-shirt here! http://shirt.detroitlionspodcast.com Don't miss our great merch selection in the Detroit Lions Podcast store. Looking for the relief that CBD products can bring? Click here: https://bit.ly/2XzawlG Get your Lions Gear at: https://bit.ly/2Ooo5Px As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases made here: https://amzn.to/36e2ZfD Donate Direct at: https://bit.ly/2qnEtFj Join the Patreon Crew at: https://bit.ly/2bgQgyj #lions #detroitlions #detroitlionspodcast #onepride #allgrit #sanfrancisco #49ers #purdy #mccaffery #goff Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Liao's Week 4 Injury Report Dr. Jimmy Liao drops mad knowledge on us regarding the Detroit Lions' injury situation going into their Monday Night Football Matchup against the Seattle Seahawks. Will Brian Branch or any of the other Lions players miss significant time? If you are wondering how long a Detroit Lions player is likely to be on the injury report, or whether they are likely to play this week for your fantasy football team, this is the opportunity for you to get an opinion from a doctor, not some guy. Detroit Lions Podcast Brings You Key Detroit Lions Coverage The Detroit Lions Podcast will continue to bring you the latest info on the Lions as the team marches through opponents in the 2023 NFL season. Stay tuned as we continue to bring you more great Detroit Lions content every day. https://youtu.be/RGCP4VgPV1E Let us know what you think about the show by commenting in the podcast thread in the subreddit, or by leaving us a voice mail message via Skype at: Detroit Lions Podcast Your input will help make the show better, and if you leave us a message on Skype, you just might be featured in an upcoming podcast! You can also give us a call at (929) 33-Lions. Get yourself a Classic Detroit t-shirt here! http://shirt.detroitlionspodcast.com Don't miss our great merch selection in the Detroit Lions Podcast store. Looking for the relief that CBD products can bring? Click here: https://bit.ly/2XzawlG Get your Lions Gear at: https://bit.ly/2Ooo5Px As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases made here: https://amzn.to/36e2ZfD Donate Direct at: https://bit.ly/2qnEtFj Join the Patreon Crew at: https://bit.ly/2bgQgyj #lions #detroitlions #detroitlionspodcast #onepride #allgrit #sanfrancisco #49ers #purdy #mccaffery #goff Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Liao's Week 3 Injury Report Dr. Jimmy Liao hands you the knowledge you need to be in the know this weekend for the Detroit Lions. Rookie Ennis Rakestraw went down preparing for the Bucs last week. The doc lets you know if there's a long term issue. Marcus Davenport's injury opens the door for a week three return. Doc gives us a comparison for reference to the team's injury situation in week three of last season that might make you smile. He looks at the possible source of injuries for Amon-Ra St. Brown and many others during the Bucs game and looks at which players are likely to miss time going forward for the Detroit Lions. Detroit Lions Podcast Brings You Key Detroit Lions Coverage The Detroit Lions Podcast will continue to bring you the latest info on the Lions as the team marches through opponents in the 2023 NFL season. Stay tuned as we continue to bring you more great Detroit Lions content every day. https://youtu.be/kfYCKzk5JnA Let us know what you think about the show by commenting in the podcast thread in the subreddit, or by leaving us a voice mail message via Skype at: Detroit Lions Podcast Your input will help make the show better, and if you leave us a message on Skype, you just might be featured in an upcoming podcast! You can also give us a call at (929) 33-Lions. Get yourself a Classic Detroit t-shirt here! http://shirt.detroitlionspodcast.com Don't miss our great merch selection in the Detroit Lions Podcast store. Looking for the relief that CBD products can bring? Click here: https://bit.ly/2XzawlG Get your Lions Gear at: https://bit.ly/2Ooo5Px As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases made here: https://amzn.to/36e2ZfD Donate Direct at: https://bit.ly/2qnEtFj Join the Patreon Crew at: https://bit.ly/2bgQgyj #lions #detroitlions #detroitlionspodcast #onepride #allgrit #sanfrancisco #49ers #purdy #mccaffery #goff Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Liao's Week 2 Injury Prognosis Dr. Jimmy Liao gives you the details of the Detroit Lions injury situation going into their game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as only a Michigan man can. He weighs in on the turf vs grass debate for stadium surfaces. His take might surprise you. He gives you insight that only someone like him can on players like Marcus Davenport, Kerby Joseph, Ifeatu Melifonwu, and Penei Sewell who have missed practice. Jameson Williams left practice early due to his ankle. Carlton Davis, DJ Reader and most importantly Loren Strickland were all full practices. As for the Detroit Lions' opponents in the present and future, Jordan Love's injury may not affect the Lions' first game against the Packers in week nine. Calijah Kancey, Antoine Winfield Jr. and others on the Tampa Bay Buccaneers almost definitely will impact their game this Sunday with he Detroit Lions. Detroit Lions Podcast Brings You Key Detroit Lions Coverage The Detroit Lions Podcast will continue to bring you the latest info on the Lions as the team marches through opponents in the 2023 NFL season. Stay tuned as we continue to bring you more great Detroit Lions content every day. https://youtu.be/vs9zFNvu8qE Let us know what you think about the show by commenting in the podcast thread in the subreddit, or by leaving us a voice mail message via Skype at: Detroit Lions Podcast Your input will help make the show better, and if you leave us a message on Skype, you just might be featured in an upcoming podcast! You can also give us a call at (929) 33-Lions. Get yourself a Classic Detroit t-shirt here! http://shirt.detroitlionspodcast.com Don't miss our great merch selection in the Detroit Lions Podcast store. Looking for the relief that CBD products can bring? Click here: https://bit.ly/2XzawlG Get your Lions Gear at: https://bit.ly/2Ooo5Px As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases made here: https://amzn.to/36e2ZfD Donate Direct at: https://bit.ly/2qnEtFj Join the Patreon Crew at: https://bit.ly/2bgQgyj #lions #detroitlions #detroitlionspodcast #onepride #allgrit #sanfrancisco #49ers #purdy #mccaffery #goff Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Liao's Lions & Rams Injury Report In the latest episode of the Detroit Lions Podcast, Dr. Liao provides a comprehensive injury report ahead of the Detroit Lions' season opener against the Los Angeles Rams. As we approach the start of the 2024 NFL season, injuries on both teams are shaping up to be critical factors in this highly anticipated match-up. Injury Report Breakdown: Key Updates Ahead of the Detroit Lions' Season Opener The Detroit Lions have several key players on the injury report. Running back David Montgomery, who was expected to play a significant role this season, has been limited in practice due to a lingering ankle issue. His availability for the season opener remains uncertain, potentially opening the door for rookie Jahmyr Gibbs to take on more responsibility in the backfield. Defensively, the Lions will be monitoring linebacker James Houston, who is still recovering from a knee injury sustained in the preseason. His status for the game is questionable, and if he is unable to play, the Lions' depth at linebacker will be tested. On the Rams' side, wide receiver Cooper Kupp is dealing with a hamstring injury, which could limit his effectiveness against the Lions' secondary. Additionally, quarterback Matthew Stafford has been managing elbow discomfort, raising concerns about his performance level heading into the season opener. Dr. Liao dives deep into the significance of these injuries and how they could alter the game plans for both teams. How Injuries Could Impact the Detroit Lions vs. Los Angeles Rams Game Injuries always play a significant role in NFL match-ups, and the season opener between the Detroit Lions and Los Angeles Rams is no exception. Dr. Liao breaks down how the Lions can adjust their strategy depending on the status of key players. If Montgomery is unable to play, expect Gibbs to be the focal point of the Lions' rushing attack, which could test the Rams' run defense. On defense, if Houston is sidelined, the Lions may need to rely on Malcolm Rodriguez and others to step up in key linebacker roles. For the Rams, the potential absence of Cooper Kupp could significantly impact their offensive game plan. Without their star wide receiver, Stafford may lean more heavily on short passes and running plays, which could play into the Lions' defensive strengths. However, Stafford's elbow issues are something to watch closely, as any limitations in his throwing ability could hamper the Rams' offense. Join us on the Detroit Lions Podcast for the latest injury updates and expert analysis ahead of the 2024 NFL season opener. Stay informed as we continue to cover the Lions' journey throughout the season! https://youtu.be/O8UyiJg_12c Let us know what you think about the show by commenting in the podcast thread in the subreddit, or by leaving us a voice mail message via Skype at: Detroit Lions Podcast Your input will help make the show better, and if you leave us a message on Skype, you just might be featured in an upcoming podcast! You can also give us a call at (929) 33-Lions. Get yourself a Classic Detroit t-shirt here! http://shirt.detroitlionspodcast.com Don't miss our great merch selection in the Detroit Lions Podcast store. Looking for the relief that CBD products can bring? Click here: https://bit.ly/2XzawlG Get your Lions Gear at: https://bit.ly/2Ooo5Px As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases made here: https://amzn.to/36e2ZfD Donate Direct at: https://bit.ly/2qnEtFj Join the Patreon Crew at: https://bit.ly/2bgQgyj #lions #detroitlions #detroitlionspodcast #onepride #allgrit #injuryreport #kupp #reader #djreasder #melifonwu Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Jimmy Liao comes hard with his take on the Detroit Lions injury situation. Did Guardian Caps save the Lions season during practices vs the Giants? How is Emmanuel Moseley doing, and what are the chances he is a difference maker for the Lions in 2024? Will Sam Laporta and Kevin Zeitler be out long term? How can you get a concussion without a sudden head impact? How is Ennis Rakestraw doing in his recovery from core muscle surgery? Will Jahmyr Gibbs hamstring issue cause long term issues? Make sure to head over to our project with Detroit Lions shutdown cornerback Jerry Jacobs to help charities in Detroit. Its a great opportunity to get some great gear and make a difference in the city we all love. Head over to: http://SeatbeltGang.com now! Be sure to use the Super Chat (or "Thanks" if you aren't watching live) function to ensure we read your question/message live and share our thoughts on it or to show us your support for doing the show. Using Super Chat and/or Thanks helps us out a lot, so thanks to everyone who uses them even if to just say 'hi!'. For folks who donate via Patreon, or via Super Chat you'll get to see your name highlighted onscreen with a message, you'll get a mention on our Twitter account, and you'll get a special thanks from us live during the show. Take advantage!! Don't forget to join us by calling in to the show at (248) 782-8384, or via Skype at 'DetroitLionsPodcast'. Get yourself a classic Detroit t-shirt at: https://bit.ly/3raeU96 Join the Patreon Crew at: https://bit.ly/2bgQgyj As an affiliate partner, we get a portion of sales when you shop Amazon at: https://amzn.to/2O8LUti Get your Lions Gear at: https://bit.ly/2Ooo5Px You can always support us by donating direct at: https://bit.ly/2qnEtFj #lions #detroitlions #detroitlionspodcast Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Enjoy the 8am hour 

This episode addresses the recent market crash, the Bank of Japan's surprising rate hike, and its global impact. The team also discusses the Science of Blockchain Conference's relocation from Stanford to New York, and the current political landscape affecting crypto, including reactions from key politicians and internal community conflicts. Highlights include Solana's recent performance surge, opportunities in its ecosystem, and the effects of Elizabeth Warren's letter to the CFTC on prediction markets. Tune in for an insightful overview of these significant developments! Show highlights

Leslie Liao (stand-up comedian) and Justin talk about how her experience as an agent assistant has helped her comedy career, who she was inspired by growing up in Orange County and she informs us that Trader Joe's has a really good scallion pancake. See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

#749. In this episode of Off The Vine, Kaitlyn Bristowe chats with the incredibly talented stand-up comedian Leslie Liao. Known for her relatable and introspective humor, Leslie opens up about her late start in comedy at age 29, her unique comedic style, and her memorable performance on The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon. She also shares her journey from working in film production to becoming a full-time comedian. From discussing the vulnerability in comedy to revealing her favorite comedians, Leslie provides a genuine look into the world of stand-up. Plus, don't miss the fun-filled "Comedic Confessions" game where Kaitlyn and Leslie explore the difference between a kind laugh and a real laugh. Get ready to laugh, learn, and be inspired by Leslie's incredible story! If you're LOVING this podcast, please follow and leave a rating and review below! PLUS, FOLLOW OUR PODCAST INSTAGRAM HERE! EPISODE HIGHLIGHTS: (10:53) - Leslie discusses her late start in comedy at age 29. (21:35) - Leslie shares her favorite comedians and their influence on her. (25:30) - Leslie talks about treating comedy like a sport and the discipline it involves. (35:20) - Leslie recounts her most memorable moment: performing on The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon. (42:48) - Exploring the difference between a kind laugh and a real laugh. Thank you to our Sponsors! Check out these deals! OAK ESSENTIALS: Get 15% off at Oak Essentials with the code VINE15 at oakessentials.com/VINE15.

Leslie Liao joins Bryan & Krissy to chat about her path to stand-up, working at Netflix, her sexual awakening, and bugs. Scrotch Tape Robin Leach: Champagne Wishes & Caviar Dreams Leslie Liao Verified Stand-Up (Leslie Liao, Rosebud Baker, Dulce Sloan, Gianmarco Soresi) Everyday coffee Eclipse drama Later in life stand-up Working at Netflix Going from the office to the stage The Tonight Show Being in your 30s Dealing with people who don't like you D'angelo The Leslie Show Bugs! Bryan's interview snafus LESLIE: Tour https://leslieliao.komi.io/ Watch Leslie on Verified Stand-Up on Netflix LINKS: Send us show ideas, comments, questions or concerns by texting us   212.433.3TCB text or leave us a voicemail Watch TCB on YouTube Creator: Bryan Green Co-Host: Bryan Green Co-Host: Krissy Hoadley Producer: Christina A.  Producer: Gustavo B. To learn more about listener data and our privacy practices visit: https://www.audacyinc.com/privacy-policy Learn more about your ad choices. Visit https://podcastchoices.com/adchoices