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How to Reverse Cognitive Decline, Grow Your Hippocampus, and Protect Your Brain from Alzheimer's Disease with Nutrition, Exercise, Sleep, and Stress Reduction Your brain is physically shrinking right now, and most people have no idea it's happening. In this episode, you will discover the exact mechanisms behind cognitive decline, why brain fog is always treatable, and the proven strategies to grow your brain back, protect your memory, and slash your Alzheimer's risk regardless of your genetics. -Watch this episode on YouTube for the full video experience: https://www.youtube.com/@DaveAspreyBPR Host Dave Asprey sits down with Dr. Majid Fotuhi, a neuroscientist and neurologist who earned his PhD from Johns Hopkins University and his medical degree from Harvard Medical School. He currently serves as an adjunct professor at the Mind/Brain Institute at Johns Hopkins while also teaching at George Washington University and Harvard Medical School. With 37 years of experience in clinical practice, teaching, and neuroscience research, Dr. Fotuhi pioneered the Brain Fitness Program, a multidisciplinary approach to cognitive performance and brain vitality at any age that has produced measurable results documented in peer-reviewed journals. He is the author of three books including the bestselling The Invincible Brain and one of the world's leading experts on neuroplasticity, hippocampus growth, and successful aging. If anyone has earned the right to tell you your brain can get better, it is him. Dr. Fotuhi and Dave break down why Alzheimer's is not a single disease but a soup of modifiable problems, why your lab results can show "normal" while your brain is starving, and how the five pillars of brain health connect directly to longevity, mitochondria function, and human performance. They also get into the brain effects of GLP-1s, the therapeutic promise of psychedelics like psilocybin and ketamine, the role of nootropics and supplements like B12, lithium orotate, and CoQ10, and why your VO2 max may be the single most important number for brain aging. . You'll Learn: Why 97% of Alzheimer's cases involve multiple modifiable causes and what to do about each one How to physically grow your hippocampus through exercise, meditation, and nutrition Why "normal" lab ranges are actively harming millions of people and what optimal actually looks like The 7 everyday things that are shrinking your brain right now How stress, loneliness, and isolation cause measurable brain atrophy Which supplements including B12, lithium orotate, CoQ10, and nootropics support long-term brain health Why VO2 max predicts brain aging better than almost any other marker What psychedelics like psilocybin and ketamine actually do to your brain according to a Johns Hopkins neurologist How the APOE4 gene affects Alzheimer's risk and why exercise can erase that risk entirely Why mitochondria health is the foundation of both brain function and longevity Thank you to our sponsors! - Viome | Check it out at viome.com and use code 10DAVE for 10% off. It's time to stop guessing and start knowing your body. - BrainTap | Go to http://braintap.com/dave to get $100 off the BrainTap Power Bundle. - Pique | Go to Piquelife.com/dave for 20% off. - BodyHealth | Visit BodyHeath.com and use code DAVE20 for 20% off your first purchase Dave Asprey is a four-time New York Times bestselling author, founder of Bulletproof Coffee, and the father of biohacking. With over 1,000 interviews and 1 million monthly listeners, The Human Upgrade brings you the knowledge to take control of your biology, extend your longevity, and optimize every system in your body and mind. Each episode delivers cutting-edge insights inhealth, performance, neuroscience, supplements, nutrition, biohacking, emotional intelligence, and conscious living. New episodes are released every Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday (BONUS). Dave asks the questions no one else will and gives you real tools to become stronger, smarter, and more resilient. Keywords: Majid Fotuhi, Dr. Majid Fotuhi, The Invincible Brain, brain health, cognitive decline, Alzheimer's prevention, hippocampus, neuroplasticity, brain fog, memory loss, APOE4, brain shrinkage, B12 deficiency, lithium orotate, CoQ10, nootropics, VO2 max, mitochondria, longevity, anti-aging, biohacking, brain optimization, sleep optimization, stress reduction, functional medicine, human performance, psilocybin, ketamine, GLP-1, semaglutide, telomeres, BDNF, brain training, cognitive performance Resources: • Learn More About Dr. Fotuhi's Work At: https://drfotuhi.com/ • Purchase Dr. Fotuhi's New Book The Invincible Brain: https://a.co/d/0iHCgPpL • Get My 2026 Clean Nicotine Roadmap | Enroll for free at https://daveasprey.com/2026-clean-nicotine-roadmap/ • Dave Asprey's Latest News | Go to https://daveasprey.com/ to join Inside Track today. • Danger Coffee: https://dangercoffee.com/discount/dave15 • My Daily Supplements: SuppGrade Labs (15% Off) • Favorite Blue Light Blocking Glasses: TrueDark (15% Off) • Dave Asprey's BEYOND Conference: https://beyondconference.com • Dave Asprey's New Book – Heavily Meditated: https://daveasprey.com/heavily-meditated • Join My Substack (Live Access To Podcast Recordings): https://substack.daveasprey.com/ • Upgrade Labs: https://upgradelabs.com Timestamps: 00:00 – Trailer 00:59 – Intro 03:00 – Cannabis & Nicotine 04:15 – Understanding Alzheimer's 05:38 – Five Pillars Explained 07:55 – Best Cognitive Training 09:08 – Brain Size & Growth 12:36 – B12 & Lab Ranges 17:48 – Head-to-Toe Evaluation 24:17 – Sex & Brain Health 25:43 – Loneliness & Isolation 33:59 – ApoE4 Genetics 35:28 – Alzheimer's Declining 48:44 – Lithium & Brain 59:38 – VO2 Max & Fitness 1:06:42 – Psychedelics 1:09:38 – GLP-1s & Brain 1:12:38 – Closing & Action Steps See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

EWOT for Stroke Recovery: The Affordable Alternative to Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Brad Pitzele did not set out to become an oxygen therapy equipment maker. He set out to survive. After years of battling significant health challenges, conventional medicine had given him answers that kept failing him. He tried around 200 treatments. Some helped. Many did not. Then he found EWOT Exercise With Oxygen Therapy, and something finally shifted. Brad’s journey is not the same as a stroke. But what he discovered about oxygen, inflammation, and cellular energy maps directly onto one of the most stubborn obstacles stroke survivors face: the feeling that the brain has gone offline, that the body is running on empty, and that the path back is either impossibly expensive or simply does not exist. In Episode 407 of the Recovery After Stroke podcast, Brad shares what EWOT is, why it works, and why he now makes affordable EWOT systems through his company, One Thousand Roads, specifically so survivors do not have to remortgage their homes to access oxygen-driven recovery. What Is EWOT? EWOT stands for Exercise With Oxygen Therapy. The concept is straightforward: you breathe high-concentration oxygen through a mask while exercising even lightly, and that combination pushes oxygen into parts of the body that normal breathing cannot reliably reach. Most people assume oxygen therapy means a hyperbaric chamber: a pressurized tube, a clinic, a course of treatments costing tens of thousands of dollars. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is effective. Brad describes it as “a heroic treatment.” But it is also inaccessible for most survivors, financially and logistically. EWOT operates on a related principle without the chamber. The key mechanism is not about oxygenating red blood cells; they are already carrying close to their maximum load under normal breathing. The target is the blood plasma. Plasma does not carry oxygen efficiently under resting conditions, but during exercise, even light exercise, blood pressure and circulation increase enough to force dissolved oxygen into the plasma. That plasma can then reach the micro-capillaries, the tiny vessels that feed tissues deep in the body, including areas of the brain that become inflamed and oxygen-starved after a stroke. The Post-Stroke Energy Problem One of the most commonly reported and least-explained symptoms after stroke is fatigue that does not go away, no matter how much a survivor rests. Most survivors are told that is just part of it. Brad’s framework centres on mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are the energy-producing structures inside cells. After stroke, the cells in and around the affected area are often not dead; they are in a kind of low-power state. Brad describes it as a “brownout”: the lights are on, but dimly. The mitochondria are not producing energy at full capacity, and one significant reason for that is insufficient oxygen supply to the tissue. “The cells that are offline after a stroke are not all dead. Some of them are just starving. Oxygen is part of what feeds them back.” — Brad Pitzele, Episode 407 When EWOT increases plasma oxygen during exercise, it can reach those inflamed, under-oxygenated micro-capillaries that larger vessels cannot access. The result, for some survivors, is a gradual improvement in energy, cognition, and physical capacity, not because the therapy is miraculous, but because it addresses a specific physiological deficit that conventional post-stroke care often does not target. EWOT vs. Hyperbaric: What’s the Real Difference? The honest answer is that EWOT and hyperbaric oxygen therapy are not equivalent. HBOT delivers oxygen under pressure, which drives it into tissue more forcefully. For certain conditions, particularly in acute or severe cases, hyperbaric oxygen has a stronger evidence base.  But for many stroke survivors in the subacute or chronic phase of recovery, access is the defining variable, not theoretical ceiling. A home-based hyperbaric unit costs $50,000 to $75,000. A clinical course can run to $60,000 or more. EWOT systems are available for under $2,000.  The question Brad puts to survivors is not “which is better in a lab?” It is: “Which one can you actually do, consistently, at home, over the months and years that brain recovery requires?” Consistency matters more than peak intensity in long-term neurological recovery.  Starting EWOT With Deficits EWOT does not require running on a treadmill. The exercise component can be a stationary bike, a recumbent bike, or simple seated leg movements with one limb strapped in. The goal is to raise circulation enough to push oxygen into the plasma, not to hit a cardiovascular fitness target. For survivors exploring this option, Brad’s team has built a specific resource at onethousandroads.com/stroke-recovery with a listener discount of $100 to $500, depending on the package. There is also a broader introduction to EWOT at onethousandroads.com/pages/exercise-with-oxygen-therapy. Recovery Is Possible — And It Does Not Have to Be Expensive If this episode resonated with you or if you want to explore more conversations about recovery options that do not require a second mortgage, Bill’s book, The Unexpected Way That A Stroke Became The Best Thing That Happened, is available at recoveryafterstroke.com/book. And if the Recovery After Stroke podcast has been useful to you, you can support it financially at patreon.com/recoveryafterstroke. Every contribution helps keep the show going and these conversations accessible to survivors around the world. This blog is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Please consult your doctor before making any changes to your health or recovery plan. EWOT for Stroke Recovery: The Affordable Alternative to Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Why pay $60,000 for hyperbaric oxygen? EWOT brings oxygen therapy into your living room — and could help the brain cells that are only offline. One Thousands Roads Exercise With Oxygen Therapy (EWOT) YouTube Channel Highlights: 00:00 Introduction and Background 05:37 Challenges in Stroke Recovery and Treatment Options 13:45 Understanding Oxygen Therapy and Its Mechanism 15:51 Oxygen Toxicity Explained 19:24 The Importance of Oxygenating Blood Plasma 24:53 Oxygen and Mitochondrial Function 31:16 Adapting Exercise for Stroke Survivors 38:27 Cost and Accessibility of Oxygen Therapy Devices Transcript: Introduction – EWOT for Stroke Recovery Brad Pitzele (00:00) like many of your listeners, when you have a medical issue that isn’t treated by traditional medicine and you’re desperate to get your life back, you’ll try just about anything. You, the lens it goes through is like, Well, how bad can this hurt me? BIll Gasiamis (00:15) Welcome back to Recovery After Stroke. I’m your host, Bill Gassiamas. Today’s guest is Brad Pitzele, founder of 1000 Roads, who overcame significant health challenges of his own and along the way discovered the science behind exercise with oxygen therapy. In this conversation, we get into how increasing oxygen saturation in the blood, specifically in the blood plasma, can help reach the inflamed microcapillaries. That are blocking oxygen delivery to cells in the recovering brain. We talk about mitochondrial dysfunction, post-stroke fatigue, and why Ewatt is worth understanding as an accessible alternative to hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Before we get into it, if you’ve found value in this podcast and want to support it financially, you can do that at patreon.com/slash recovery after stroke. And if you haven’t yet read my book, The Unexpected Way That a Stroke Became the Best Thing That Happened, it is available at recovery after stroke dot com slash book. Here’s my conversation with Brad. BIll Gasiamis (01:19) Brad Pitsley, welcome to the podcast. Brad Pitzele (01:22) Thank you so much. BIll Gasiamis (01:24) Thanks for reaching out and ⁓ connecting with me to educate me on another thing that I can bring to stroke survivors that could potentially help them in the rehabilitation side of their brain. The the thumbnail that people found on YouTube is probably gonna have E W O T on it somewhere. E what. And it sounds something like something out of that ⁓ space war out of out of what is it? Brad Pitzele (01:53) Star Wars. Star Wars. BIll Gasiamis (01:54) Star Wars. Like the Ewok, right? And it doesn’t really mean anything to me. But before we descri tell people what Ewok is, ⁓ tell me a little bit about your background, the work that you do and how it is you came to be on the podcast today is for s for for the specific discussion that we’re gonna have. Brad Pitzele (01:58) Yep. Sure. ⁓ yeah, so I ⁓ I I’m an e recovering engineer. I like to joke. I spent my first decade of my life engineering. later on in life, I left engineering and went into different pursuits and I became chronically ill, had a variety of medical issues, ⁓ cancer, autoimmunity, and eventually Lyme disease. And I was in really bad shape. And a doctor recommended I look into either hyperbaric oxygen or this exercise with oxygen therapy, EWAT, that almost no one had heard of, and I’d never heard of it. ⁓ I I I had tried like everything to get better at this point. I was many years in special diets, ⁓ all sorts of supplements and ⁓ all sorts of modalities and things. And nothing really worked. There was nothing in a matter of fact, some of the medications I took actually gave me cancer. So it kind of forced me on this road to try something different. ⁓ and eventually I found my way back to health through exercise with oxygen when so many things weren’t working. ⁓ and actually later paired that with ⁓ red light therapy. ⁓ and along the way I started because I’m an engineer and I’m inquisitive, I like It was Lyme disease is kind of a do-it-yourself disease. ⁓ so I started digging in and pouring into research, not just on Lyme disease, but autoimmunity, ⁓ chronic illness, ⁓ trying to figure out what the heck was going on with me. And so ⁓ what I found about exercise oxygen therapy along the way was really fascinating to me. and about a year into using it, I went back to that same doctor and he was kind of shocked. At my turnaround, and he was like, What did you use? Did you do oxygen? And I said, I did. And he was like, Who’d you buy it from? I want to tell my patients about it. And I said, I didn’t buy it, Doc. I actually ended up making my own. And he was kind of surprised by that for obvious reasons. And then he said, Well, gosh, would you consider making it for my patient? And so, my patients, and so that’s how we got into this business back in two thousand eighteen. We launched one thousand roads to kinda make exercise with oxygen therapy accessible to people who are dealing with chronic health conditions. BIll Gasiamis (04:39) Okay. And it stems from science, right? There’s scientific data that backs up this exercise with oxygen therapy. Before you go into that a little bit, we don’t have to go deep into it, but we can just ⁓ chat about it. ⁓ when I talk to stroke survivors, they get stuck always with what should I do? What should I do? What should I do? They want the The blue pill, take that one, everything gets fixed. I mean, stroke is not like that, right? And it’s and it’s stroke is also a you’re on your own kind of thing. Because once you get out of the acute phase, once you get sent home, the ⁓ follow up and the medical fraternity doesn’t have a system to kind of say to you, we can’t help you. Speak to that guy. ⁓ that guy might not be able to help you, but but there’s a guy over there. Brad Pitzele (05:09) Yeah. Challenges in Stroke Recovery and Treatment Options BIll Gasiamis (05:33) Like there’s none of that. And stroke survivors need podcasts. They need ⁓ people selling all sorts of crazy stuff that they will almost try almost all the time. They’ll try everything. And then they’ll pick and finally stumble into one that helps and gets them a result. But before we talk about all of that, what I want to do is also go back to what you said about ⁓ a year later, you went to your doctor, he was stunned at the result. We can’t put that down just to eat what? We can’t put that down just to exercise with oxygen therapy. Give me the brief steps on the other things that you also attended to because people miss that. Brad Pitzele (06:15) Yes. Yeah. I well, here’s what I’ll tell you. I started I started to get arthritis in my hands in like 2010 or eleven. and then I started taking traditional drugs for it. And one of the side effects of the drugs is higher risk of cancer and specifically melanoma, which I developed in two thousand thirteen, I wanna say, maybe two thousand fourteen. And that kicked me off the traditional medical path. ⁓ to your point, you don’t you don’t in the stroke recovery, there’s not a traditional path. There it was a traditional path, but it was clear that it was a you know it was a choice between cancer and autoimmunity, and neither one seemed great to me. ⁓ from there I tried so many things, Bill. I did s I actually made a list recently and looked at it because I had it like just off the top of my head, I came up with 200 different things I did try. We’re talking special diets. Eating all sorts of weird, strange things, all sorts of supplements, antibiotics, because it’s Lyme disease, herbal protocols, ⁓ ozone treatments, sa various different types of saunas, ozone sauna, infrared sauna, ⁓ heat steam saunas, ⁓ colonics, coffee enemas, ⁓ weird stuff, you know, you’d never think you’d do. I mean BIll Gasiamis (07:39) You are committed Brad Pitzele (07:42) ‘Cause like many of your listeners, when you have a medical issue that isn’t treated by traditional medicine and you’re desperate to get your life back, you will you’ll try just about anything. You the the lens it goes through is like, Well, how bad can this hurt me? Like like ’cause I know where I’m going right now. For me at least it was a I was just like this gradual step down. It was like I knew like I I couldn’t do this. I had a young family. so, you know, that doctor, I remember him saying, like, look, Brad, we’re trying all these things, we’re gonna get you on thyroid medications and get that right, and we’re gonna do this. ⁓ there on that list of 200, there were about eight things that gave me any kind of benefit that I could identify. ⁓ But I remember he’s like, Brad, we’re gonna take out the big dog. We’re gonna do this ozone treatment. And it’s a special kind where we remove the blood from your body, we inject ozone, put it through UV light, and put it back into your blood. And this helps everyone. Like if nothing else works, this helps, but it’s really expensive. So we’re saving it, kind of. So he he did it. He’s like, do a course of three of them. And he’s like, You might feel bad after it the next day because it kills a bunch of stuff and might you might feel toxic. Or you might feel better. We’re not sure. And give it a few days. And like I did all three of them, I never noticed a difference. And it was ⁓ the most depressing, scary part was like going through that. So when he said go do oxygen, I was like, Okay, like I’ve done everything else. I’m just gonna check the box so the doctor knows that’s not gonna work, so we can go try to find something else. ⁓ And I didn’t believe it was gonna work. I I you know, I didn’t jump on the the bandwagon gung-ho. I was, you know, kind of kicking and screaming. And that was part of the reason I built my own, is because at the time they were so expensive and the they were five to twenty-five thousand dollars. And I was like, I just can’t spend, you know, ten thousand dollars on an experiment. I just can’t do that. ⁓ And he also suggested maybe hyperbaric and that was like fifty or seventy-five thousand dollars. And I was like, geez, if I knew this was the the blue pill, as you said it, if I knew this was the blue pill, I’d go mortgage the house and I’d go do it because like then I could work full and I could do all the things, I could be present for the family, but ⁓ I couldn’t. BIll Gasiamis (10:05) And and and you know what? And it’s not, and and the reason it’s not for a lot of people is because you need to have penumbras the brain from a stroke survivor perspective that are recoverable and that you can bring back to life that are offline, not dead by ⁓ cell death because of the stroke. And there’s no diagnostic process in the majority of the people I’ve spoken to, you can’t diagnose somebody and then work out whether they’re a candidate, and that really Brad Pitzele (10:20) Yeah. Right. BIll Gasiamis (10:33) Pisses me off to somebody gonna have to spend 50 grand to find out if they’re gonna get a result, right? The s the guys that who I’ve interviewed about hyperbaric oxygen therapy, ⁓ Viv clinics, ⁓ those guys will do a thorough diagnostic beforehand to determine whether somebody is a candidate. And whatever that costs, even if it’s five grand, I don’t know what it does cost, but even if it’s five grand, at least you can go, you’re not a candidate, don’t spend any more money. Brad Pitzele (10:38) Yeah. Right. higher yes, you have a higher level of certainty before you spend the money. BIll Gasiamis (11:04) Yeah. And if you do do it, you’re doing it for the other ⁓ non-brain related benefits that you’re gonna get from hyperbaric oxygen therapy. And that’s totally up to you. But it’s not the thing to supposedly fix the arm or the leg that doesn’t work, or to ⁓ repair the damaged cells in your brain. So that part really frustrates me. And if I’m gonna spend that much money, then there’s the opportunity cost as well. It’s like Brad Pitzele (11:33) Yes. BIll Gasiamis (11:34) Now I can’t spend that somewhere else. Brad Pitzele (11:36) Exactly. That was me too. It was like you you knew you had and I was like, man, if I spend this kind of money on it and it doesn’t work, like nothing’s worked for the last, I don’t know, almost ten years at this point. Like how many of these shots do I have in the cannon, right? Like you you know, now I’m I’m depleted and I’m still sick. And that’s even i and you know this, when you’ve got a chronic health condition, sometimes the psych psychology of it all is just as hard as the condition. And If you’re like, wow, now I don’t have money. I feel trapped. There’s nothing I can try. Then hope starts to dwindle. And I say like hope is is like the most potent weapon in recovering from a chronic health condition. It’s a double-edged sword because like you’re s afraid to get hope up because you’ve been let down. But it’s also the thing you need. You ha like when when you start losing hope, and I and I’ve been at that point, it just gets incredibly dark. ⁓ and incredibly scary. so I I think that was part of it. I just wouldn’t allow it. It was the financial part. I you’re right. You only have so many shots out of the bow. But it was also like if it doesn’t work and I am depleted financially you know, I don’t like that that brings me to a a level of hopelessness I I’m not sure I can confront. BIll Gasiamis (12:53) Yeah. And then in order to get back up, you’re getting back up, you’re financially depleted, you’re energetically depleted, your health is depleted. And it’s like, my God, that is a that is like the lowest place that you can find yourself and to get back up is a lot harder. And yet people have still done that, but I know the task is harder. I’ve been in a similar sort of situation. Brad Pitzele (13:12) Yeah. We all love we all love reading that inspirational story. No one wants to live it if they can avoid it, I’ll tell you. Understanding Oxygen Therapy and Its Mechanism BIll Gasiamis (13:23) Avoid it. Yeah, a hundred percent. ⁓ so so you’ve tried all this stuff, you’re unwell, and then somebody says to you, try oxygen. Now, what I imagine when I hear oxygen is get a can from the local gas supplier, ⁓ pop pot in a tube, put it on the back of your chair, wheelchair. You know, I’ve seen a lot of older guys who have got it, and then they’ve got oxygen attached to their face and they’re breathing in oxygen. What specifically did your doctor tell you to get and if you didn’t get what he suggested, like w what did it look like for you? Brad Pitzele (14:00) Yeah, so the challenge with bottled oxygen is number one, it’s almost impossible to get. number two is when you exercise, you can take in a massive amount of oxygen, and that’s part of what makes the the therapy really cool. So y you and I sitting here, maybe we’re taking in three liters of oxygen a minute, okay? ⁓ three liters of air a minute, maybe something like that. ⁓ When you’re exercising, you can easily take in 50 or 60 liters. So it’s a massive multiplier. So you need something that’s going to give you a large amount of oxygen. Now, there’s two ways you can get oxygen in your home. One is that bottle you mentioned, and then you’re always refilling it, and you can imagine lugging one of those things around. ⁓ the other way is there’s a device called an oxygen concentrator, and all you do is you plug it into the wall. And it turns the it purifies the oxygen in the room. So, you know, at sea level, the oxygen in the room has 21% oxygen and it can purify it to 93%. Now, the challenge with these devices is they put out either five or ten liters of oxygen in a minute. So not enough to exercise with. If you were to try to exercise with it, you would also be sucking in this air at 21% and diluting it. ⁓ and so what you do is you take this device and you fill a large reservoir, it’s about a thousand liters, ⁓ and you fill it up. using this device and then you hook up a hose with a mask on it and then you breathe through the mask while you do a fifteen minute exercise session. BIll Gasiamis (15:41) Okay. A reservoir, ⁓ water tank. Oxygen Toxicity Explained Brad Pitzele (15:45) It well it it’s like it looks like a big pillow. So it’s like six you know, two meters by two meters, sort of ⁓ big pillow, six feet by six feet for us still on Imperial. And you fill it up so a thousand liters and it’s you know it’s it’s thin film and so it’s not a a rigid body of something, and then yeah, it’s a bag. BIll Gasiamis (16:06) It’s a bag. Like a bagpipe, a massive bagpipe. Brad Pitzele (16:10) There you go. BIll Gasiamis (16:12) Okay. Okay. W I’m sure there’s an image of that, right? We’ll put it on the screen. People can see it while we’re talking about it, trying to work out what it is. Okay. So this thing is something that you accessed and you used specifically for yourself, how many years ago? Brad Pitzele (16:16) Yeah. Yeah. I’ve s I’ve been using it for a decade straight now. BIll Gasiamis (16:33) Okay. This stuff’s been around for about a decade. This Brad Pitzele (16:37) It’s well, the the research on it goes back to the nineteen sixties and seventies. This it’s really fascinating. actually some of the early research goes back to the turn of the ⁓ twentieth century, the nineteen hundreds. So in the early nineteen hundreds, a gentleman named Otto Warburg won a Nobel Prize for proving that he could turn any cancer or any regular cell into a cancerous cell by depriving it of oxygen. ⁓ and so there’s this really well-established linkage between oxygen and cancer. Even today, a ton of research on that. So in the 1960s and 70s, there was a a German physicist and prolific inventor named Manfred von Arden. Now, and he started to want to do research on Otto’s work, and he he actually started doing research on exercising with oxygen as an anti-cancer protocol. And some of the research he found was really fascinating. what without getting overly technical, basically it our circulatory system, obviously, this is really relevant to stroke, ⁓ people deal in strokes, is as you get down into the the end runs of your circulatory system, there’s capillaries and they’re like thinner than a human hair. And this is where your nutrients and your oxygen are actually exchanged with the cell. And what he found is as we age naturally this inflammation builds up on the lining of our capillaries. And it actually causes the capillaries to swell shut so that now none of your red blood cells can get by. Now, I mean, this is how exquisite our body is designed. ⁓ our capillaries are actually thinner than a red blood cell. So under the most healthy of conditions. A red blood cell actually needs to fold up like a taco to get into our capillaries and deliver that oxygen in the last mile of our circulatory system. So any swelling in that capillary can cause a blockage. And now all the cells downstream are not getting oxygen and in a sufficient quantity. And so they kind of go into what they what he kind of referred to as like a brownout, right? Like it’s a low energy state. They’re doing anaerobic respiration to get some energy. Maybe some of the smaller red blood cells might squeak by here and there and give a little bit, but they’re not getting the full oxygen they need. And what he found is by doing this procedure, just a few times he had very elderly people with very inflamed ⁓ capillaries. He was able to re-establish normal blood flow. And the reason is is oxygen is incredibly anti-inflammatory. ⁓ and a lot of research on that we can go into a little bit later. The Importance of Oxygenating Blood Plasma So, number one, it causes this anti-inflammatory reaction inside these inflamed capillaries to reopen them. But it also does something really amazing that he discovered is when you’re doing this procedure, ⁓ it causes the oxygen to not just attach to our red blood cells like it always does, but it also saturates our blood plasma, which is this clearish liquid that our red blood cells ride on. And Our blood plasma is a thousand times thinner than a red blood cell. So if you imagine these blockages, red blood cells are not getting through, but obviously the blood plasma can get through as long as it’s like as thin as water. So as long as there’s any opening there, and it can immediately deliver oxygen downstream, both to cause an anti-inflammatory impact in the capillaries, but also to all those cells that are starving. And so you can obviously, as we’re talking through this, you can kind of see how this fits folks who are dealing with various different strokes ⁓ and how that can help them as well. BIll Gasiamis (20:32) Yeah. Okay. I d before we spoke I did a little bit of research and found ⁓ as well that there’s some there’s a lot of relevant data with regards to oxygen and ⁓ increasing the oxygenation in the blood. you so tell me a little bit about oxygen. I I don’t understand exactly what that is. I’ve heard of people becoming ill. Because of too much oxygen, ⁓ ill because of not enough oxygen. So what is what what is becoming ill of too much oxygen and why is ninety nine percent saturation not that? Brad Pitzele (21:18) Yeah, yeah. ⁓ good question. So oxygen toxicity can occur if you get too much oxygen under certain circumstances. So if you’re in a hyperbaric chamber too long, it can cause oxygen toxicity. And basically that’s when oxygen gets trapped in your bloodstream and it can’t get out. and You can actually get it without hyperbaric. So hyperbaric is oxygen under pressure. You can get it at normal barracks. So if you were just sitting on the couch breathing oxygen, you could eventually get oxygen toxicity. Now, it would take over twenty-four hours. So if you were breathing just pure oxygen, no exercise, sitting on your couch for 24 plus hours, it starts to get into the risky zone. When you’re doing exercise with oxygen, that’s actually one of the cool things about it that because of the synergies of exercise and oxygen, it’s impossible to get oxygen toxicity for two reasons. one is that reservoir is only a thousand liters. it’s not a high enough dose that you could get a oxygen toxicity. It is a massive dose, it’s about the same amount of oxygen you take in in a day, and you can take it in in 15 minutes, but it’s not more than. And the second reason, even if we could make our reservoir 10x, 100x, and you could exercise nonstop, you still couldn’t get oxygen toxicity because when you’re exercising, your body produces a massive amount of carbon dioxide gas. And that goes into our bloodstream and it increases pressure in our circulatory system. And that actually forces the oxygen out of the circulatory system and into the cells. So it works as a protectant as well from oxygen toxicity. So that’s oxygen toxicity. It’s a real risk. ⁓ Most of the time it’s a very controllable risk. You know, if you’re doing hyperbaric, they’re gonna keep you in there for so long so that you’re not gonna be at risk generally. ⁓ if you’re assigned to do oxygen while you’re stationary at home, they have protocols to make sure you’re not doing it, you know, twenty-eight hours nonstop sort of thing. ⁓ or they have you wear a cannula where where you’re also taking in air and it’s diluting it. ⁓ and in exercised oxygen therapy, it’s not really possible because of the massive amount of carbon dioxide. ⁓ now, not enough oxygen. So if you if you want to measure your oxygen in your blood, the way they normally do it is a device called the pulse oximeter. You can get one for 20 bucks off Amazon. What it does is it looks at how much how many of your red blood cells are saturated with oxygen. And what you’re gonna find in most folks. Is it’s close to a hundred percent. It’s ninety-eight percent, it’s ninety-six percent, ninety-seven percent. ⁓ there’s not a lot of room in our blood for more oxygen. So that’s why it’s important that ewak can actually oxygenate our blood plasma. The same with hyperbaric does the exact same thing, it oxygenates our blood plasma. So BIll Gasiamis (24:26) Okay. I think before you go on, that’s the key ingredient. It’s oxygenating the plasma as well. Where where previously you’ve got let’s say ninety seven, ninety eight percent saturation of your red blood cells. What we’re doing is adding that little bit of extra oxygen into the space where the plasma is. That’s kind of the key difference. Brad Pitzele (24:36) Yes. And there’s two reasons why it’s important. so normally, just for comparison, you and I sitting here, maybe 2% of all the oxygen in our blood is in our plasma, so it’s not very much. ⁓ but under these conditions of IWAT and hyperbaric, we can saturate that blood plasma. And it’s important for two reasons. One, obviously, it increases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, but that’s the more minor one. The more major one is that the blood plasma can get into let’s just say the nooks and crannies, smaller spaces in our body where inflammation is blocking off access of red blood cells to downstream cells. And so it can deliver a dose of oxygen where it normally is not able to get. BIll Gasiamis (25:40) You you’ve spent a lot of time on this topic by the sound of things. ⁓ and that’s really awesome. So before we talk about how to actually use a device, how to get a device, how to how to behave while you’re using a device, I wanna understand like how Oxygen and Mitochondrial Function Brad Pitzele (25:52) Yeah. BIll Gasiamis (26:02) How you notice the difference in yourself? Because a lot of people ask me what I did in my own stroke recovery. And Brad’s experience is going to be different from the stroke survivor’s experience. My experience was ⁓ I’ve got nothing from the doctors other than let’s monitor your bleed, let’s give you brain surgery. I mean, that’s not nothing. That’s amazing. Like I’m very Brad Pitzele (26:05) Yeah. Yes. BIll Gasiamis (26:31) Grateful for all of that. That removed the the blood vessel that was leaking that was going to potentially kill me. ⁓ so the immediate risk was gone. And then what what I mean I I got nothing is the specialists did their specialty and then I got nothing because they don’t do nutrition, they don’t do exercise, they don’t do meditation, they do brain surgery. And it’s really important for stroke survivors to understand that when you go to a doctor, a neurologist, whoever. Brad Pitzele (26:55) Yeah. BIll Gasiamis (27:00) They do a specific thing, and once they’ve done it, they can’t do anything else. And you need to get over the fact that you ⁓ might feel disappointment at the at that I don’t know where to go next, and they don’t know where to send you. Okay, they’re not trained and they cannot legally send you elsewhere. That’s why you’re kind of on your own. So I did meditation, I did nutrition, I did all this kind of stuff and Brad Pitzele (27:16) Yeah. BIll Gasiamis (27:27) Somebody who’s interviewed you is Dave Asprey. I would I’ve been following Dave Asprey and a whole bunch of other guys ⁓ probably since around 2012, 2013. And what I learned was how do I reduce the inflammation in my brain? And I had that one area of inquiry, the one area of inquiry that I could personally impact positively by taking out inflammatory foods from my diet. And before that it was, you know, ⁓ processed white bread, it was alcohol, it was cigarettes, ⁓ it was all the stuff that you get in a packet that doesn’t really help to nourish the body, right? So I went back to basics. We’ll call it just for the simplicity of the explanation, we’ll call it protein, ⁓ vegetables and basic carbohydrates like rice or potato. And then what I found was that inflammation decreased, and that was a game changer in how I experienced my brain. And it was a game changer in how quickly I improved neurologically. But just so that people know, it wasn’t the be all end all, it didn’t remove the damaged cells that still are in my head that mean I experienced my the left side of my body in a completely different way than my right side. I’ve got numbness, proprioception issues. I’ve got ⁓ tingling, I’ve got burning, I’ve got ⁓ spasticity, you know, the muscles are tight. So all that stuff is still there. But I have a better experience of the rest of my body and brain because of the things that I took out. But what I didn’t have was the link between exercise, which I do, light exercise, because I’m a stroke survivor. I can’t. use the left side of my body like I used to. so I would do exercise ⁓ like riding an electric bike because it’s easier to pedal, like walking and like doing very light weights at the gym. ⁓ but I didn’t have that oxygen part of the the therapy. And that’s kind of why I interviewed the guys about hyperbaric to understand how oxygen supports how mimicking i a hypoxic brain in the chamber supports ⁓ so how how does like what’s the next part like how does that support the brain to heal let’s give stroke survivors an understanding so that they can kind of grasp that I know we spoke about how oxygen gets into the ⁓ into the red blood cell we spoke about how it gets into the plasma but like Brad Pitzele (30:15) Yeah. BIll Gasiamis (30:20) Why is that the next step? Brad Pitzele (30:21) What’s it too? Yeah. It’s a good question. I think you’re right. I you know, we don’t I will say we don’t try to go out and pitch like exercise with oxygen therapy is a panacea or it’s everything for everyone. Even the name of our company, ⁓ one thousand roads, is about paying homage to everyone’s own healing journey and recognizing everyone’s unique journey. So I’ll say that, but So I’ll say that, but what I found about oxygen was in IWA in particular. What was fascinating to me was for me when I was dealing with Lyme disease, which similar to folks who are dealing with the stroke, there’s a variety of different symptoms and s from different causes. And I was trying to treat all these things with different protocols, different supplements that and I found that when I started digging into oxygen, I was shocked at how many of them came back to it. So when you have A stroke, often there’s a lot of ⁓ emerging research about mitochondrial dysfunction. And this is interestingly, mitochondrial dysfunction. Now ten years ago when I was researching it, no one heard of it or cared about it. And it’s really burst onto the scene because you’re gonna find it ⁓ At the heart of so many chronic health conditions, right? ⁓ you’re gonna it’s actually they’re looking at it in cancers, ⁓ chronic illnesses of all sorts, Alzheimer’s, all sorts of cognitive and ⁓ autoimmune conditions, etc., etc. So ⁓ you have this disrupted mitochondria, right? So there was a period of time when your cells were not getting enough energy, whether it was a hemorrhagic stroke and Blood wasn’t being delivered to those cells, so no nutrients, no oxygen, or an ischemic stroke where they were just cut off ⁓ because of a clot or whatnot. And so they were not getting nutrients. In each of these cases, what happens immediately when the cell runs out of oxygen, like I was talking about that brownout, it goes from aerobic respiration to anaerobic respiration. And anaerobic respiration, ⁓ it’s It only can produce 5% of the energy as aerobic. So the cell is in a low energy state, which is the first problem, which means it doesn’t have energy to repair, it doesn’t have energy to take out the trash, detoxify. so it’s kind of stuck. But also ⁓ it creates a lot of metabolic waste. So it creates lactic acid, it creates free radicals, all these things produce more inflammation, like you were talking about. So Now we’ve got these mitochondria, which are dysfunctional. They don’t have the energy to repair. They don’t have the energy to take out all these dead cells or ⁓ you know, all these other byproducts of the immune system and the natural kind of response to this damage, which then leaves more of it hanging around to produce more damage, and they’re producing more damage themselves. So it’s kind of like this swirl, and it’s ⁓ you know, it’s a downward swirl, if you will. ⁓ so When you can re-oxygenate the mitochondria, the first thing you’re doing is you’re giving them the energy to do whatever it is they need to do. ⁓ and that can be the immediate like feeling sharper, like, ⁓ I feel like I can get my thoughts together quicker. ⁓ it can be, ⁓ I feel like I’m more in control of my emotions. And I I don’t feel like sometimes I have a disproportionate emotional response to something. It can be I I don’t have that brain fog. ⁓ you know, that sort of thing. Or I literally have energy. So our brain actually consumes like 20% of all the oxygen in our body. And it’s only like two percent of the mass. So it’s like punching 10x its weight, right? So when your body starts running low on oxygen, it starts conserving. And the one of the things it tells you to do is like cool it, like stop using your muscles. You’re tired. You need to just sit there and veg out. BIll Gasiamis (34:06) Mm-hmm. Brad Pitzele (34:27) while our mitochondria try to catch up. And so that’s often that chronic fatigue that folks with a variety of health conditions, including stroke, feel, which is their bodies like, stop using energy, we don’t have enough. We need to redeploy it for something else more pressing. And so When you can reestablish normal oxygenation, it improves energy. ⁓ it improves sleep, it improves memory. and the the cells have energy to start repairing and detoxifying. ⁓ and then obviously I always think it’s cool because we’re pairing it with oc with exercise. And there’s so much research on the benefits of exercise. You mentioned it was so important, Bill, in in your healing journey. And you know, we know how important exercise is for a stroke survivor. Well, now we’re pairing it with oxygen and we’re using that exercise to catapult more of that oxygen around the body through the circulatory system while your blood vessels are dilated and opening up. So if you’re still dealing with blockages in your microcirculation, which most stroke survivors are. You’re opening them as wide as they they naturally can at that moment, and that’s when we’re feeding more oxygen to them. So it works it kind of hand in hand in that respect. BIll Gasiamis (35:48) All right. Now one glitch. Stroke survivors often are struggling to get into the physical recovery, right? Because the body goes offline, one of the legs doesn’t work, one of the arms doesn’t work. It’s a real challenge, right? So how how can we benefit from that even though we are at just after the acute phase where there is not a lot of capability for Brad Pitzele (36:00) Yes. It’s perfect. Yeah. BIll Gasiamis (36:17) physicality and I I say that so that the stroke survivors listening know that what I’m leading to is that early on it’s probably harder to do ⁓ physical therapy, exercise, et cetera. But again, with time and hope, all of those things can improve. Right. So I I wanna put that out there for stroke survivors, but also like it’s a can it’s a it’s a constraint. Brad Pitzele (36:48) Yeah. And you know, because a lot of our customers are dealing with chronic illness, this is a question that’s not uncommon is like, yeah, but I can’t I’m not out here to run a mile, Brad. I’m like eighty years old and I’m sick or whatever it is. The really ⁓ the really cool thing about ⁓ Ewatt is that it will meet you where you are at. So there is something all of us can do. The goal is to increase your heart rate and your circulation. Cost and Accessibility of Oxygen Therapy Devices and breathe the oxygen. So there’s a few ways you can do it. you know, it doesn’t have to be banging it out on a treadmill trying to get your seven minute mile. ⁓ you don’t need to do that. We have folks, you know, depending on where they are, you can start with slow walking on a treadmill. You can start with calisthenics. You can start with stretching. ⁓ gentle aerobics in your living room. You can start by, you know, lifting weights. You could be sitting and lifting weights with the the hand that’s not. We have folks, and this is probably not so much for ⁓ stroke survivors, but maybe jumping on a ⁓ a rebounder, like a little trampoline if you’ve got the balance one with the handle. ⁓ we have people using under-the-desk pedal bikes, the ones you can get for $49 on Amazon while you’re sitting. BIll Gasiamis (38:03) Beautiful. Brad Pitzele (38:04) while you’re sitting in a chair. And then for the folks who can’t do any of that, we have we even have them doing what I call passive Ewatt, which is they will breathe the oxygen while they get in like a an infrared ⁓ sauna blanket. So infrared sauna will increase your heart rate. And so you will get some benefit out of it. And what normally happens, the the really cool thing about exercising with oxygen is The first thing folks notice, the very first benefit most folks notice when they start doing is the exercise is easier. So I always describe this like if you were ⁓ jogging on a treadmill at, I don’t know, pick a number, you know, four miles an hour and you put the mask on, you wouldn’t feel like you were getting the same exercise at four miles an hour. You you crank it up to four and a half, and then later you crank it up more. And Your endurance actually improves much more quickly than if you were just doing exercise alone. ⁓ and there’s a ton of actually research on you know Olympic athletes using it for performance enhancement, which is not what we’re using for in this, but it’s kind of a nice little side effect. So we have folks who come to us who who are out of condition. We’re not talking about the physical disabilities, but out of condition, we’re like, I couldn’t do. And they’re shocked at what they’re doing and they come back and tell us in three months, look what I’m doing, sort of thing. ⁓ But it will meet you where you’re at. So if you want to do passive Ewatt, you can do that for a while as you’re working and as you start to feel better. Then maybe you’re using the under desk pedal bike. And as you’re getting your balance back and feeling better, maybe it’s a a real stationary bike later or walking on a treadmill and so on and so forth. ⁓ the goal isn’t to bust hump and like try to, you know, get a new record. As a matter of fact, I find that for most folks that sets you back. You wanna kind of you wanna do within an envelope that you’re comfortable with because If we work out too hard, also we set ourselves back because in most chronic health conditions and in stroke, additionally, we talked about this fatigue that’s due to an energy deficit. So if you go out there and overwork, you’re just putting your body in more of a deficit and potentially putting it in more of an inflammatory environment. And we’re trying to do this at a level that’s in you know anti-inflammatory and helping you recover. BIll Gasiamis (40:30) I love that. I love your whole explanation. So in my what I was hoping was you were gonna say that I could just sit there and almost do nothing ⁓ as a stroke survivor, where I’m completely in in just, you know, like week three of the acute after the acute phase, and fatigue is a massive issue and energy is a massive issue, and I’m barely able to stay awake, ⁓ and all of that stuff. And then ⁓ you could do just I hope you I was hoping you were gonna say, But you said the equivalent of ⁓ chair yoga, you know, where all I had to do was just move an arm or move a leg and do something just to get me physically going and then it would benefit. That’s what I love about it. The under-the-leg pedal bike, ⁓ under-the-desk pedal bike is one of the best things because you can strap in your leg with the deficits if you have a leg that has deficits, and you can do all the or the majority of the pedaling with the other leg, which is strapped in. Brad Pitzele (41:07) Mm. BIll Gasiamis (41:29) And you don’t you’re not gonna fall over ’cause you sit in in a chair. ⁓ probably you’re doing it inside your house so the the temperature, the weather is always perfect and ⁓ and you don’t have to door for long, right? You only have to door for a few minutes to start with. Brad Pitzele (41:45) And you’re pulling that other leg around and it’s starting to fire inside here and rebuild those connections. And and as you know, exercise increases ⁓ brain drive neurotrophic factor, which is a growth factor in our brain for BIll Gasiamis (41:51) Mm. Brad Pitzele (42:00) neuroplasticity. So you’re getting you’re getting all of these benefits. So you to your point, for someone who’s if it’s my right leg’s not working and I’m strapped in and my left leg’s doing it, my right leg is firing and it’s firing those neurons at the exact time you have that B D N F as it’s called. So BIll Gasiamis (42:17) BDNF’s amazing. And I also interviewed ⁓ recently a gentleman who ⁓ had spoken about ⁓ Jack Clifford on episode 402 who spoke about kind of ⁓ a protocol that enables you to regenerate blood vessels around the area that’s injured ⁓ to increase the oxygenation and the blood flow ⁓ to potentially those areas where ⁓ brain is offline, not dead. ⁓ so all of these things, ⁓ the previous episode that I recorded with Jack, your episode right now, like all are things that you can do that support brain health, brain recovery, ⁓ overcoming all the some of the challenges that stroke causes. And what I love about this specifically is that you can do it from your house. and you don’t have to go anywhere, but there is a cost. So let’s talk about the cost a little bit because I I want to mention it because of the massive difference to hyperbaric, which can cost up to sixty grand if you go on the right protocol. And ⁓ that’s unattainable for most people, let alone a stroke survivor who just lost their ability to earn ⁓ and may not have sixty grand to splash. Brad Pitzele (43:48) Yeah. BIll Gasiamis (43:48) ⁓ so what is the cost of getting a machine, setting it up and putting it in your house? Brad Pitzele (43:54) Yeah. So we sell two different machines. ⁓ we have one machine that’s eighteen hundred and ninety-nine dollars and the other one that’s twenty-four ninety-nine. ⁓ that’s everything you need to get going other than the exercise equipment. and the machines last a long, long time. I think I You know, I think we actually we’ve been in business since 2018 and we had our first customer come back and tell us they wore out their machine like this year. So I have to stop saying we’ve never had one wore wear out yet. So we’ve had one. ⁓ so it it’s one of I think that’s one of the things that’s great about it is it’s something you can do in your house. It’s something that doesn’t take a lot of time. When I was dealing with my chronic health issue, I was joke around about the ceremonies of counting pills and doing this modality and doing that. And they all in stroke survivors, I think, recognize the same thing. It starts to crowd out your life. And then eventually you kind of throw your hands up. You’re like, I it might be helping, but I just don’t have four hours a day for all this stuff. Like I just I need to go on and and live my life too. So it’s something that ⁓ it’s 15 minutes. You do it three to five times a week in your home. ⁓ it’s a one time expense and then it’s you know, it’s something you’ll have for many, many years. BIll Gasiamis (45:12) I love it. Where are you located? Brad Pitzele (45:15) We’re in a Dallas, Texas area. BIll Gasiamis (45:17) Okay. And are these things easy to get and distribute throughout the United States and other places in the world? I don’t know I’ve never heard of it before. So are there other people around who who sell a product that’s similar or can you access them easily? Brad Pitzele (45:35) Well, we do ship worldwide. ⁓ we ship with US power, so people get a power converter we’ve sold to the UK, to Australia, to all over Europe, Asia, ⁓ South America, ⁓ and of course across North America as well. So ⁓ they’re readily accessible. Kind of our mission was You know, when the doctor asked me if I’d make him first patients, I I I I thought about what you were saying about how like spending sixty grand to find out if something’s gonna work. And I felt like I was taking advantage a lot when I was very ill. So we wanted to make something that was accessible to people who are chronically ill. They might not have the ability to earn money. They’re on a fixed in like I have a I guess a deep personal experience and empathy there sort of thing. So ⁓ that’s yeah. So we ship worldwide. BIll Gasiamis (46:27) Yeah. If somebody wanted to reach out to you just to get more information, to have a chat with you, to look at your website, where would they go? Brad Pitzele (46:35) They would go to 1000roads.com slash stroke recovery. We do. And you can find it at the bottom of that webpage, but it’s 1000 Roads HQ. BIll Gasiamis (46:42) And you have a YouTube channel. Okay. What kind of ⁓ things can people find on the YouTube channel? Brad Pitzele (46:56) you can find everything about protocols, benefits, ⁓ how to use it. ⁓ we hit have some customer testimonials and parts of that. ⁓ just talking about the science of it, people’s experience with it, et cetera, et cetera, different use reasons people use it. BIll Gasiamis (47:17) I think it’s very important to bring information like this to stroke survivors so that they can access things in their own home that’s going to make their life better. I wrote a book, The Unexpected Way That a Stroke Became the Best Thing That Happened, for the explicit reason to give people like a path forward, a journey forward as to how to ⁓ s how to kind of obtain the silver lining in stroke recovery. And when I wrote it ⁓ in 2018, when I started writing it, something like that, 2018, 2019, I was lacking a lot of the extra pieces that I could put into ⁓ the mindset chapter, for example, or the exercise chapter, or, you know, the nutrition chapter. And In the last five or six years, I’ve been picking up those pieces to sort of attach to those chapters because they’re really relevant. And with the exercise chapter, I think this protocol was the one thing that was missing because I made the point of how important exercise was. I didn’t make the point of how you can exercise and get more bang for your buck during that exercise by Increasing the amount of oxygen that you were getting into your ⁓ bloodstream. How would I have known that if I hadn’t come across the science, which I hadn’t? Plus, there’s only so much you can put in each chapter, but this is the perfect addition. Like, and I love it. So I can go on and on about how much I think this is amazing. Brad, I really ⁓ want to thank you for reaching out and joining me on the podcast. Thanks for the work that you do. I’m glad that you’ve been able to get your health back and now you’re helping other people. Brad Pitzele (49:06) Thank you so much, Bill. I appreciate you having me on. BIll Gasiamis (49:08) Well, that’s it for another episode of the Recovery After Stroke podcast. I hope you enjoyed this episode. Might be worth listening to it again. The science here is worth sitting with, oxygenating the blood plasma, reopening inflamed microcapillaries, giving mitochondria what they need to shift out of that low energy state. And the fact that it can be done at home at a fraction of the cost of hyperbaric oxygen therapy makes it worth knowing about. If you want to learn more, or explore the equipment, head to 1000Roads.com Stroke Recovery. Brad has arranged a discount for listeners of this show of between one and 500 dollars, depending on the package you choose. This episode pairs well with the episode 402 with Jack Clifford, which covers a protocol for regenerating blood vessels around the injured area of the brain. The two conversations complement each other. Worth going back to if you haven’t heard it yet. Now, if this episode was useful, please share it with someone who could benefit. And my book, The Unexpected Way That a Stroke Became, the Best Thing That Happened, is available at recoveryafterstroke dot com slash book. And if you’d like to support the show financially, I would love it if you could. You can go and do that via patreon.com/slash recovery after stroke. I’m Bill Garciamas. Thanks for listening. See you on the next episode. The post Brad Pitzele – How Exercise With Oxygen Therapy Brings Hyperbaric-Style Benefits Home appeared first on Recovery After Stroke.

¿Es posible cambiar físicamente nuestro cerebro a través de nuestros hábitos?En este episodio de Beranara exploramos el fascinante mundo del BDNF (Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Cerebro), una proteína fundamental para la memoria, el aprendizaje, la neuroplasticidad y la salud cerebral.Descubrirás cómo el ejercicio físico, el sueño, la alimentación, el aprendizaje continuo y la gestión del estrés influyen directamente en los mecanismos biológicos que permiten al cerebro adaptarse y evolucionar a lo largo de toda la vida.Hablaremos también de la relación del BDNF con la depresión, el envejecimiento cerebral, la enfermedad de Alzheimer y los descubrimientos más sorprendentes de la neurociencia moderna.Porque nuestros hábitos no solo cambian nuestro comportamiento.También cambian nuestro cerebro.

Sulforaphane, Detox Pathways, and the Science of Microplastic Removal Microplastics are building up inside your brain, blood, and reproductive tissue, and most detox protocols do nothing to remove them. This episode gives you the cellular science behind why toxins accumulate, which three detox pathways control your ability to excrete them, and what the latest research shows actually moves microplastics, heavy metals, BPA, and benzene out of your body.. -Watch this episode on YouTube for the full video experience: https://www.youtube.com/@DaveAspreyBPR -For next week, 25% off all Mara Labs products when you go to www.mara-labs.com/DAVE and use code DAVE at checkout. After June 11th, the code will return to the standard 15% off. Host Dave Asprey sits down with Dr. John Gildea, a Johns Hopkins-trained PhD with 60 scientific publications and over 20 NIH-funded studies, and David Roberts, co-founder of Mara Labs and co-creator of BrocElite, the only naturally derived stable form of sulforaphane available in a capsule. Together they bring decades of research-backed biohacking and functional medicine insight into one of the most pressing longevity conversations of our time. They break down the lysosome, your cell's built-in incinerator, and explain exactly why it gets clogged with microplastics, advanced glycation end products, and other toxins that won't break down. New research shows that sulforaphane triggers a process called lysosomal surface translocation, which releases those trapped particles so your body can finally excrete them. An in-house Mara Labs study confirmed the excretion pathway: microplastics come out in feces. In the original study, the individual measured the highest microplastic levels ever recorded, and a repeat study a year later showed dramatically lower baseline microplastic levels, suggesting consistent use compounds the benefit over time. You'll Learn: Why microplastics accumulate inside lysosomes and what sulforaphane does to release them How the three detox pathways, glutathione, glucuronidation, and sulfation, work together to remove every major class of toxin What an in-house study revealed about how and where microplastics actually leave the body How toxic estrogen metabolites form and why sulforaphane is the most effective natural tool to reroute them Why berberine supports sleep optimization, ketosis, and blocks a cancer growth pathway most drugs cannot touch How sulforaphane boosts BDNF and neuroplasticity at the cellular level What microplastic sources in your home, including your dryer, rugs, and receipts, are doing to your toxin load daily Why losing weight releases stored toxins and what to take to protect your brain and metabolism during fat loss How sulforaphane activates the same AMPK longevity pathways triggered by fasting without restricting food Thank you to our sponsors! - iRestore | Reverse hair loss at www.irestore.com/DAVE and get exclusive savings on the iRestore Elite, use code DAVE - HeartMath | Go to https://www.heartmath.com/dave to save 15% off. - Timeline | Go to timeline.com/dave and you'll get an additional 20% off your first month - Our Place | Stop cooking with toxic cookware and upgrade to Our Place today. With a 100-day risk-free trial, plus free shipping and returns, you can experience this game-changing cookware with zero risk. Visit: fromourplace.com/DAVE Use code: DAVE for 10% off sitewide Dave Asprey is a four-time New York Times bestselling author, founder of Bulletproof Coffee, and the father of biohacking. With over 1,000 interviews and 1 million monthly listeners, The Human Upgrade brings you the knowledge to take control of your biology, extend your longevity, and optimize every system in your body and mind. Each episode delivers cutting-edge insights inhealth, performance, neuroscience, supplements, nutrition, biohacking, emotional intelligence, and conscious living. New episodes are released every Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday (BONUS). Dave asks the questions no one else will and gives you real tools to become stronger, smarter, and more resilient. Keywords: Dr. John Gildea, David Roberts, Mara Labs, BrocElite, sulforaphane, microplastics, microplastic removal, lysosome, lysosomal surface translocation, detox pathways, glutathione, glucuronidation, sulfation, Nrf2 pathway, AMPK, TFEB1, BDNF, neuroplasticity, heavy metals, BPA, benzene, estrogen metabolism, toxic estrogen, xenoestrogens, berberine, BerbaLite, ResveraLite, c-Myc, cancer and estrogen, sleep optimization, ketosis, broccoli sprouts, isothiocyanates, PEITC, watercress, phase two detox, microplastic excretion, indoor air quality, HEPA filter, dryer lint microplastics, BPA receipts, endocrine disruptors, fat loss and toxins, autism and sulforaphane, ADHD and focus, vivid dreams and BDNF, fasting mimicry, anti-aging, biohacking, longevity, functional medicine, supplements, human performance, brain optimization, metabolism, cellular detox Resources: • For next week, 25% off all Mara Labs products when you go to www.mara-labs.com/DAVE and use code DAVE at checkout. After June 11th, the code will return to the standard 15% off. • Get My 2026 Clean Nicotine Roadmap | Enroll for free at https://daveasprey.com/2026-clean-nicotine-roadmap/ • Dave Asprey's Latest News | Go to https://daveasprey.com/ to join Inside Track today. • Danger Coffee: https://dangercoffee.com/discount/dave15 • My Daily Supplements: SuppGrade Labs (15% Off) • Favorite Blue Light Blocking Glasses: TrueDark (15% Off) • Dave Asprey's BEYOND Conference: https://beyondconference.com • Dave Asprey's New Book – Heavily Meditated: https://daveasprey.com/heavily-meditated • Join My Substack (Live Access To Podcast Recordings): https://substack.daveasprey.com/ • Upgrade Labs: https://upgradelabs.com Timestamps: 0:00 – Trailer 1:55 – Intro & Context 4:48 – Microplastics & Sulforaphane 12:39 – Broccoli Sprouts Formulation 15:20 – Lab Origin Story 26:01 – Reducing Toxin Exposure 37:06 – Estrogen, Hormones & Berberine 52:46 – Autism, ADHD & Brain Health 59:01 – Wrap-Up See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Can lifting weights slow how fast your brain ages?A new study used brain scans to measure exactly that. The results show that resistance training is a uniquely beneficial tool for brain health that works through different pathways than cardio.Lifting weights can make the brain test younger on functional MRI, and the benefits may keep compounding even long after you train. Learn what brain age measures, why the prefrontal cortex matters for Alzheimer's and cognitive aging, the muscle-to-brain signaling system activated by strength training, and how heavy lifting compares to moderate intensity for protecting the brain after 40. Plus a quick self-check for strength-related dementia risk, especially after 40. Enroll in Eat More Lift Heavy, the 26-week coached program where adults over 40 build the nutrition and training skills to lift heavy, build muscle, lose fat, and stay strong and sharp for decades. Timestamps:0:00 - Lifting weights and brain aging 0:47 - Dementia risk and strength training over 40 3:58 - Aerobic exercise and the hippocampus 6:00 - Prefrontal cortex and muscle signaling 7:48 - Recent study and brain age scans 10:21 - Brain age gap and dementia risk 11:30 - Results across both lifting intensities 13:12 - Myokines, irisin, and BDNF 16:57 - How to build skills for lifting weights 18:30 - Lifting protocol for brain health 20:45 - Entry points for new lifters 24:15 - Grip strength and dementia risk

If you feel like your attention span has shortened or your brain can't keep up, I've got something for you! In this episode, we explore FOCUSED, the peptide-based formula that rebuilds the chemistry behind concentration, memory, and mental performance. Learn how ginkgo improves blood flow and oxygen delivery to the brain, bacopa raises BDNF to enhance learning, phosphatidylserine lowers cortisol to stabilize focus, and carotenoids like lutein and zeaxanthin protect neurons from oxidative stress.   Hosted by Leanne Vogel.   Root Cause Group (address the root of your health issues): https://p.bttr.to/3SqUExb    Change your metabolism with peptides: https://www.healthfulpursuit.com/make      Peptide quiz (let me help you pick a peptide that'll work): https://www.healthfulpursuit.com/quiz    Enjoy today's show. Thanks for listening!  

I sat down with Dr. Courtney Conley and what she told me stopped me cold…your walking speed can predict dementia up to seven years before the first cognitive symptom appears, which is why scientists are arguing it should be added to blood pressure and temperature as the sixth vital sign. We got into the mechanism behind it: BDNF, hippocampal neurogenesis, and why 4,000 steps a day can cut dementia risk by roughly 50% and I walked away convinced this is the most under-prescribed medicine of the 21st century. CLICK HERE TO BECOME GARY'S VIP!: ⁠https://bit.ly/4ai0Xwg⁠ Get Courtney Conley's book, “Walk”: ⁠https://amzn.to/4dLseJK⁠  Connect with Courtney Conley Website: ⁠https://bit.ly/434xEux⁠  YouTube: ⁠https://bit.ly/4o5GFNx⁠  Instagram: ⁠https://bit.ly/4wXIrEn⁠  Facebook: ⁠https://bit.ly/3RAfaj4⁠   TikTok: ⁠https://bit.ly/4x2eHGK⁠  X: ⁠https://bit.ly/4fMRNwv⁠  LinkedIn: ⁠https://bit.ly/3RR5LUe⁠  Thank you to our partners A-GAME: “ULTIMATE15” FOR 15% OFF: http://bit.ly/4kek1ij AION: “ULTIMATE10” FOR 10% OFF: https://bit.ly/4h6KHAD AIRES: "ULTIMATE20 " FOR 20% OFF: https://bit.ly/4a3Duze BAJA GOLD: "ULTIMATE10" FOR 10% OFF: https://bit.ly/3WSBqUa BODYHEALTH: “ULTIMATE20” FOR 20% OFF: http://bit.ly/4e5IjsV COLD LIFE: THE ULTIMATE HUMAN PLUNGE: https://bit.ly/4eULUKp CYMBIOTIKA: "ULTIMATE10" FOR 10% OFF: https://bit.ly/4tjyluP GENETIC METHYLATION TEST (UK ONLY): https://bit.ly/48QJJrk GENETIC TEST (USA ONLY): ⁠https://bit.ly/3Yg1Uk9 GOPUFF: GET YOUR FAVORITE SNACK!: https://bit.ly/4obIFDC H2TAB: “ULTIMATE10” FOR 10% OFF: https://bit.ly/4hMNdgg HEALF: 10% OFF YOUR ORDER: https://bit.ly/41HJg6S PEPTUAL: “TUH10” FOR 10% OFF: https://bit.ly/4mKxgcn SNOOZE: LET'S GET TO SLEEP!: https://bit.ly/4pt1T6V WHOOP: JOIN & GET 1 FREE MONTH!: https://bit.ly/3VQ0nzW Watch  the “Ultimate Human Podcast” every Tuesday & Thursday at 9AM EST: YouTube: ⁠https://bit.ly/3RPQYX8⁠ Podcasts: ⁠https://bit.ly/3RQftU0⁠ Connect with Gary Brecka Instagram: ⁠https://bit.ly/3RPpnFs⁠ TikTok: ⁠https://bit.ly/4coJ8fo⁠ X: ⁠https://bit.ly/3Opc8tf⁠ Facebook: ⁠https://bit.ly/464VA1H⁠ LinkedIn: ⁠https://bit.ly/4hH7Ri2⁠ Website: ⁠https://bit.ly/4eLDbdU⁠ Merch: ⁠https://bit.ly/4aBpOM1⁠ Newsletter: ⁠https://bit.ly/47ejrws⁠ Ask Gary: ⁠https://bit.ly/3PEAJuG⁠ Timestamps 00:00 - Intro of Show 01:25 - Same school, same degree: the human biology connection 04:29 - Pain to purpose: why modern shoes are built on a flawed premise 07:25 - Walking as the most under-prescribed medicine & the 7,000-step sweet spot 08:16 - Why your foot doesn't need arch support & can adult mechanics change? 13:10 - Micro walks: the 5-minute prescription for chronic pain & depression 18:21 - What gait analysis looks at & exchanging function for fashion 20:27 - The big toe chain reaction: how shoe width controls your knees, hips, and ankles 25:44 - Toe strength, foot awareness drills & preventing non-contact athletic injuries 31:54 - Where to start: building your walking baseline & post-meal blood sugar 37:00 - The 24-hour shoe clock: a realistic footwear rule 40:45 - Walking speed as the 6th vital sign, dementia risk & the soleus "second heart" 49:14 - Walking as a physiological necessity, ankle mobility & aging in place 58:55 - ​What does it mean to you to be an Ultimate Human? Disclaimer: This podcast is for informational purposes only and does not provide medical advice. It is not intended for diagnosing or treating any health condition. Always consult a licensed healthcare professional before making health or wellness decisions. Gary Brecka is the owner of Ultimate Human, LLC which operates The Ultimate Human podcast and promotes certain third-party products used by Gary Brecka in his personal health and wellness protocols and daily life and for which Ultimate Human LLC and / or Gary Brecka directly or indirectly holds an economic interest or receives compensation.  Accordingly, statements made by Gary Brecka and others (including on The Ultimate Human podcast) may be considered.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Schlechte Laune, Dauergenevtheit oder das Gefühl, mental komplett leer zu sein? Oft suchen wir die Lösung dafür stundenlang im Kopf – dabei liegt sie ein paar Etagen tiefer: in unseren Muskeln, Zellen und Organen. In dieser Episode sprechen wir über die biologische Standleitung zwischen Körper und Geist. Zu Gast ist der Sportwissenschaftler Michael Legner-Latzke. Michael räumt radikal mit dem verstaubten Image auf, dass Sport nur fürs Aussehen oder die Fitness da ist. Er zeigt uns, wie wir unsere Biologie gezielt manipulieren können, um mental wieder voll aufzutanken. Wir sprechen über Bauchfett als "Stimmungskiller", Muskeln als körpereigene "Müllabfuhr" für Stressgifte und erklären, warum eine mentale Krise oft einfach nur eine Energiekrise deiner Zellen ist.

In this Her Stack series episode, I open up about maternal mental health, postpartum anxiety, and the invisible biological load mothers carry long after the six-week checkup is over. This episode is not just for the newly postpartum mother. It is for the mother whose kids are four, eight, fifteen, and still asking herself why she does not feel like herself. I share why motherhood structurally changes the brain, hormones, and nervous system, and why so many mothers are left feeling anxious, foggy, depleted, or unlike themselves without ever being properly screened or supported. I walk you through the science of the postpartum neurosteroid withdrawal, the gray matter changes that persist for years, and the five-system map underneath maternal brain fog. Then I break down the full four-pillar protocol I use with my one-to-one clients: foundational nutrition, lifestyle and biohacking tools, the supplement layer including some of the most under-discussed compounds for the maternal brain, and the advanced peptide layer including Semax, Selank, NAD+, and bioregulators. This is the episode every mother needs. Send it to one. Join The LongHer Life for women-specific guidance on peptides, hormones, and longevity. I TALK ABOUT:  02:00 - My free peptide masterclass for moms next week 04:10 — Why maternal mental health is not just a six-week postpartum issue 06:30 — The numbers every mother should know (and the screening gap that explains everything) 08:20 — How pregnancy structurally changes the brain (Nature Neuroscience, 2017) 11:40 — The neurosteroid withdrawal nobody warned you about, and the FDA's $34,000 drug that proves it is real 13:50 — Pillar 1: DHA, protein, ferritin, blood sugar stability, and methylated Bs for the maternal brain 22:40 — Pillar 2: Protected sleep cycles, morning sunlight, vagal nerve activation, and red light to the brain 28:00 — Yoga nidra and NSDR as the workaround for mothers who cannot engineer a protected sleep cycle 32:45 — Simplifying routines, meals, outfits, and planning to reduce mental load 35:00 — Co-regulation: Why one hour of real adult conversation is medicine 38:40 — Creatine for maternal mental health, depression support, and cognitive fatigue in sleep-deprived moms 40:50 — Saffron and inositol for postpartum mood, anxiety, racing thoughts, and the "can't shut off the brain" symptoms 42:15 — Magnesium L-threonate, glycine, vitamin D, and low-dose methylene blue for sleep, brain fog, mitochondrial support, and nervous system balance 45:25 — Why peptides are an advanced layer and should come after nutrition, lifestyle, and supplement foundations 46:10 — Semax and Selank for anxiety, cortisol support, BDNF, dopamine, brain fog, memory, and maternal brain support 50:00 — NAD+ and bioregulators (Cortagen, Cerluten, Epithalon) for maternal energy, neuronal support, circadian rhythm, melatonin, sleep, and long-term brain health 58:15 — Why postpartum anxiety and depression need different kinds of support, and why SSRIs work for some mothers and not others 1:00:00 — Why lingering symptoms matter and which labs mothers should check RESOURCES: Labs to ask your provider for: TSH, free T3, free T4, reverse T3, ferritin, vitamin D, DHA panel Join The LongHer Life for women-specific guidance on peptides, hormones, and longevity. Free Peptide Masterclass for Moms: Join the waitlist for the next live class. The Her Stack Planner: The first peptide tracking journal built around female biology. Crisis support: 988 in the US, 988 in Canada PRODUCTS MENTIONED: Supplements DHA (omega-3) Creatine monohydrate Saffron (Crocus sativus extract) Inositol (myo + d-chiro blend) Glycine Magnesium L-threonate (BiOptimizers code: BIOHACKINGBRITTANY) Vitamin D Lion's mane mushroom Bacopa monnieri Methylated B vitamins (methylcobalamin, methylfolate, P5P) Methylene blue (low dose, pharmaceutical USP only) Peptides Semax Selank NAD+ options NOVOS code: BIOHACKINGBRITTANY Nuchido TIME+ code: BIOHACKINGBRITTANY Nasal spray (Synchronicity Health code: BIOHACKINGBRITTANY) Bioregulators Cortagen Cerluten Epithalon LET'S CONNECT: Instagram, TikTok, Facebook Shop my favorite health products Listen on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, YouTube Music

Leave an Amazon Rating or Review for my New York Times Bestselling book, Make Money Easy! Check out the full episode: https://greatness.lnk.to/1815DM Your child's brain is already losing connections. Not because something's wrong. Because of pruning. The brain cuts whatever isn't being used. Dr. Baland Jalal says the window is real, and what you do in it matters. Affection first. Hugging and physical touch trigger oxytocin and neuropeptides that directly support neuroplasticity. It's not soft parenting. It's brain science. Then real stimulation. Not screens. Screens wire dopamine addiction loops. The stimulation that builds the brain is social. Learning to read faces, pick up on emotional cues, engage with other humans. Dr. Jalal admits COVID isolation left him socially handicapped. His mirror neurons went quiet. And finally: let them run. Cardiovascular exercise produces BDNF, what he calls "fertilizer for the brain," which grows new synapses. The last one is easy to miss: convey passion. Kids catch it from the adults around them. Sign up for the Greatness newsletter: http://www.greatness.com/newsletter Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Your relationships are reshaping your biology in ways that diet and exercise alone cannot fix, and the science behind it will change how you think about longevity, metabolism, and what it actually means to be healthy. Watch this episode on YouTube for the full video experience: https://www.youtube.com/@DaveAspreyBPR Host Dave Asprey sits down with Dr. Molly Maloof, a physician and one of the most innovative voices in personalized medicine, functional medicine, and human performance. Since 2012, she has advised or consulted for over 50 companies across digital health, consumer health, and biotechnology. She pioneered a course on healthspan at Stanford University and founded Adamo Bioscience, a company dedicated to unlocking the science of love as a pathway to healing and human connection. Dr. Maloof brings a rare combination of clinical depth, biohacking credibility, and entrepreneurial range to one of the most overlooked conversations in longevity. Together, Dave and Dr. Maloof dig into the neurobiology of love and attachment, the hormonal drivers of the sex drive and pair bonding, and how chronic isolation wrecks your metabolism at the cellular level. They explore the cell danger response and how toxic relationships, mold exposure, and trauma can lock your cells into a self-protection mode that blocks healing. They also cover psychedelics as hormetic tools, oxytocin as nature's medicine, the placebo response, peptide therapy for mitochondrial repair and anti-aging, and why regenerative medicine is about to rewrite the rules of human lifespan. If you are serious about biohacking your body from the inside out, this episode is essential. You'll Learn: Why human connection is a biological necessity, not a lifestyle preference, and what isolation does to your mitochondria and metabolism How the three neurobiological drives of sex, romantic love, and attachment are wired into your hormones and what happens when they go wrong What the cell danger response is, why it gets stuck, and which peptides, supplements, and therapies help break the cycle How oxytocin drives wound healing, immune function, and the placebo response Why psychedelics work as hormetic love drugs and how they reproduce the neurobiology of romantic love The top peptides for mitochondrial repair, brain optimization, and telomere biology Why Dave and Dr. Maloof believe we have already reached longevity escape velocity How AI is accelerating precision medicine, protein folding breakthroughs, and the future of anti-aging therapeutics Why fasting, breathwork, neurofeedback, and somatic therapies all converge on the same biological reset mechanism How to build the adaptive capacity and bioenergetic reserves to bounce back from anything Thank you to our sponsors! - Danger Coffee | Grab yours at DangerCoffee.com and use code DAVEPOD at checkout for 15% off. - Amp | If you're ready to make fitness fit into your life, go to amp.ai to check it out - Puori | Go to Puori.com/DAVE or use code DAVE at checkout to get 32% off your Puori Fish Oil subscription. You save more than $18 - Our Place | Stop cooking with toxic cookware and upgrade to Our Place today. With a 100-day risk-free trial, plus free shipping and returns, you can experience this game-changing cookware with zero risk. Visit: fromourplace.com/DAVE Use code: DAVE for 10% off sitewide Dave Asprey is a four-time New York Times bestselling author, founder of Bulletproof Coffee, and the father of biohacking. With over 1,000 interviews and 1 million monthly listeners, The Human Upgrade brings you the knowledge to take control of your biology, extend your longevity, and optimize every system in your body and mind. Each episode delivers cutting-edge insights inhealth, performance, neuroscience, supplements, nutrition, biohacking, emotional intelligence, and conscious living. New episodes are released every Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday (BONUS). Dave asks the questions no one else will and gives you real tools to become stronger, smarter, and more resilient. Keywords: Dr. Molly Maloof, Adamo Bioscience, Stanford University, personalized medicine, functional medicine, healthspan, longevity, biohacking, human performance, anti-aging, regenerative medicine, longevity escape velocity, cell danger response, mitochondria, mitochondrial health, oxytocin, vasopressin, dopamine, serotonin, neurobiology of love, attachment theory, pair bonding, sex drive, hormone replacement therapy, testosterone, estrogen, menopause, andropause, libido, female sexual dysfunction, relationship biology, social health, isolation, community, co-regulation, trauma healing, psychedelics, MDMA, psilocybin, ibogaine, ayahuasca, hormetic stress, social hormesis, neurofeedback, 40 Years of Zen, breathwork, nervous system regulation, HPA axis, cortisol, mast cell activation, histamine, long COVID, mold exposure, phospholipid therapy, glutathione, vitamin C, BPC-157, TB500, SS31, epothilone, SELANK, SEMAX, BDNF, telomere biology, telomerase, peptides, GLP-1, placebo response, wound healing, metabolism, continuous glucose monitoring, gut health, AI, precision medicine, supplements, brain optimization, neuroplasticity Resources: • Grab Molly's Book The Spark Factor: https://www.amazon.com/Spark-Factor-Supercharging-Optimizing-Feeling/dp/0063207206 • Learn More About Dr. Molly's Work: https://drmolly.co/ • Visit Your Healthspan Journey: https://yourhealthspanjourney.mystrikingly.com/ • Get My 2026 Clean Nicotine Roadmap | Enroll for free at https://daveasprey.com/2026-clean-nicotine-roadmap/ • Dave Asprey's Latest News | Go to https://daveasprey.com/ to join Inside Track today. • Danger Coffee: https://dangercoffee.com/discount/dave15 • My Daily Supplements: SuppGrade Labs (15% Off) • Favorite Blue Light Blocking Glasses: TrueDark (15% Off) • Dave Asprey's BEYOND Conference: https://beyondconference.com • Dave Asprey's New Book – Heavily Meditated: https://daveasprey.com/heavily-meditated • Join My Substack (Live Access To Podcast Recordings): https://substack.daveasprey.com/ • Upgrade Labs: https://upgradelabs.com Timestamps: 00:00 – Trailer 00:28 – Intro 01:39 – COVID Isolation & Its Effects 03:11 – Science of Love & Hormones 04:24 – Psychedelics & Love Chemistry 09:22 – Cell Danger Response 11:07 – AI, Tech & Human Connection 13:20 – Social Connection as Medicine 20:50 – Placebo, Care & Psychedelics 24:49 – Altered States & Healing Modalities 30:09 – Peptides & Longevity Drugs 35:44 – Mast Cell & Personal Health Challenges 43:46 – Regenerative Medicine & The Future 46:17 – Longevity Escape Velocity 50:05 – Outro See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Does GABA Actually Help With Sleep? What the Research Says for Brain Injury Recovery Someone in our community recently asked me about GABA for sleep. They’d seen it recommended online, understood that sleep was critical for their recovery, and wanted to know whether the supplement was worth exploring or just noise. It’s a genuinely good question. And it deserves a proper answer. In this post, I’m going to walk you through what GABA is, what the clinical research actually shows about its effect on sleep, why the blood-brain barrier debate matters (and why it might not derail the whole argument), and what the evidence says about the relationship between sleep and brain recovery. By the end, you’ll have enough to have an informed conversation with your medical team. I’m not a doctor. I’m a three-time haemorrhagic stroke survivor who has spent years researching the science of brain recovery and interviewing hundreds of clinicians and survivors on the Recovery After Stroke podcast. What I offer is a careful read of the evidence, not a clinical prescription. What Is GABA and Why Does It Matter for Sleep? GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the brain’s primary inhibitory neurotransmitter. If your nervous system were a car, GABA is the brake pedal. It reduces neuronal excitability, quiets cortical arousal, suppresses the brain’s primary arousal centre (the locus coeruleus), and modulates the HPA axis, the stress-response system that drives cortisol. Most sedative medications work by amplifying GABA activity. Benzodiazepines, for instance, bind to GABA-A receptors to increase chloride channel opening, producing their calming effect. GABA isn’t doing something unusual here – it’s doing something fundamental. The question with supplemental oral GABA is more specific: Does taking GABA as a capsule or powder actually produce meaningful neurological effects? What Does the Research Show? Finding 1 — Oral GABA Reduces Sleep Latency (and EEG Can Measure It) A 2015 clinical trial published in the Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology by Yamatsu and colleagues used EEG measurement, actual brainwave monitoring, rather than self-reported sleep questionnaires. One hundred milligrams of oral GABA shortened sleep latency (time to fall asleep) by 5.3 minutes compared to placebo. That might sound modest. But for someone lying awake for 30–40 minutes each night, it’s a meaningful shift. Crucially, this was objective neurophysiological data, not a survey response. (PMID: 26052150) Finding 2 — A 90-Day RCT Showed Improved Sleep Efficiency and Mood A 2024 randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial published in the Journal of Dietary Supplements (Guimarães et al.) gave 200 mg of GABA daily for 90 days to sedentary overweight women also undergoing an exercise program. The GABA group showed significantly improved Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores, significantly reduced depression scores, and improved heart rate variability, a marker of parasympathetic nervous system activity. The HRV finding is particularly interesting. It suggests GABA may be doing something broader than simply reducing sleep latency – it appears to support the overall physiological state that makes rest restorative. (PMID: 38321713) Finding 3 — But a High-Dose RCT Found No Effect Here’s where intellectual honesty matters. A 2023 Dutch RCT (de Bie et al.) published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition gave participants 500 mg of GABA three times daily, 1,500 mg/day total, and found no significant effect on self-reported sleep quality. Fasting plasma GABA wasn’t significantly elevated either, raising real bioavailability questions at that dose. This isn’t a reason to dismiss GABA entirely. It is a reason to pay attention to the dose. The evidence base supports 100–300 mg, not 1,500 mg. Higher is not better, and the non-linear dose response is clinically important. (PMID: 37495019) The Blood-Brain Barrier Debate — and Why the Gut May Be the Point The most common objection to oral GABA supplementation is this: GABA is a zwitterion at physiological pH, meaning it has low lipophilicity and poor predicted ability to cross the blood-brain barrier via passive diffusion. So if it can’t get into the brain directly, how does it produce neurological effects? The emerging explanation involves the gut-brain axis. The enteric nervous system, your gut’s own neural network, has GABA receptors. When oral GABA activates these enteric receptors, it can signal the brain via vagal afferents without needing to cross the BBB at all. Think of it as a side door rather than the front entrance. Supporting this: a 2024 RCT (Li et al.) found that a probiotic strain engineered to increase gut GABA production significantly improved objective sleep duration as measured by wearable devices, alongside reduced cortisol and suppressed HPA axis activity. The mechanism wasn’t direct CNS access – it was gut-brain signalling. (PMID: 39385735) The BBB debate doesn’t negate the clinical effect. It changes how we understand the mechanism. Why Sleep Is Not Optional in Brain Recovery This is the part that I think gets underweighted in recovery conversations — and the research is unambiguous. A 2026 large retrospective cohort study (Muhtar et al., Sleep Medicine) matched over 35,000 stroke patients and found that post-stroke insomnia was associated with a 29% higher risk of post-stroke cognitive impairment and a 30% higher risk of all-cause dementia. The association with Alzheimer’s disease was also significant. (PMID: 41924789) A 2024 observational study from Monash University and Alfred Health (Smith et al.) found that in stroke rehabilitation patients, poor sleep quality was significantly associated with higher fatigue severity and lower salivary BDNF gene expression. BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) is one of the primary molecular drivers of neuroplasticity. Less BDNF means a less receptive environment for the neurological rewiring that rehab is trying to build. (PMID: 38802847) And then there’s the glymphatic system: the brain’s waste-clearance mechanism that is most active during deep sleep. Poor sleep means reduced clearance of metabolic byproducts, including proteins associated with neurodegeneration. This is not a theoretical risk. It is an active, ongoing process. Sleep is not passive recovery. It is one of the primary mechanisms of recovery. What to Do With This Information Here are three practical steps if you’re exploring GABA for sleep: 1. Measure your sleep baseline first. Use the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (freely available online) before you make any changes. Understanding whether you’re struggling with latency, duration, or quality will determine what you actually need to address. 2. If you trial GABA, choose the right form and dose. Look for PharmaGABA — naturally fermented GABA, derived from Lactobacillus hilgardii, which has the strongest clinical evidence base. A dose of 100–300 mg taken 30–60 minutes before bed is consistent with the positive studies. Avoid very high doses; the null result at 1,500 mg/day is important context. Important drug interaction note: If you are taking benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants (gabapentin, pregabalin, valproate), or any other GABAergic medication, discuss GABA supplementation with your prescriber before adding it. The additive sedative effect is a real risk. The same applies if you drink alcohol regularly. 3. Don’t skip the foundation. Sleep hygiene interventions, consistent sleep and wake times, a dark and cool room, and no screens in the 60 minutes before bed, are consistently among the highest-leverage sleep interventions in the literature. GABA may provide a genuine incremental benefit. But it cannot compensate for a fundamentally disrupted sleep environment. The Bottom Line The evidence for GABA and sleep is more substantive than I expected when I started researching it. The EEG data is real. The 90-day RCT showed meaningful clinical outcomes. The gut-brain axis mechanism is biologically plausible and now has direct RCT support. And the consequences of poor sleep in neurological recovery are not trivial – they are quantifiable, significant, and, to a degree, addressable. GABA is not a guaranteed fix. Individual responses vary. The research is not yet definitive at the level of large multi-centre trials in neurological populations. But as one tool in a comprehensive approach to sleep quality alongside good sleep hygiene, appropriate medical support, and consistent rehabilitation, the case for cautious exploration is reasonable. The next step is a conversation with your neurologist, GP, or rehab physician. Take the research with you if it’s useful. Research References All studies cited in this post are retrievable via PubMed: Yamatsu et al. — GABA sleep latency EEG clinical trial (2015) — PMID: 26052150 Guimarães et al. — GABA 200mg RCT, sleep efficiency + mood (2024) — PMID: 38321713 de Bie et al. — GABA high-dose RCT, null sleep result (2023) — PMID: 37495019 Li et al. — Gut-brain GABA axis and sleep RCT (2024) — PMID: 39385735 Muhtar et al. — Post-stroke insomnia and cognitive decline cohort (2026) — PMID: 41924789 Smith et al. — Sleep, BDNF, and fatigue in stroke rehabilitation (2024) — PMID: 38802847 This post is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making changes to your supplementation or treatment plan. If you or someone you care about is recovering from a stroke, brain injury, or any neurological condition, the Recovery After Stroke podcast and this blog exist for you. Subscribe on YouTube @BillGasiamis, or visit Recovery After Stroke to find episodes, resources, and community. The post GABA, Sleep, and Brain Health – Neurological Recovery appeared first on Recovery After Stroke.

Photobiomodulation Stroke Recovery: How Laser Therapy Is Restarting Damaged Brains After Stroke For seven years, a woman lived unable to remember faces. She had developed prosopagnosia, a condition that turned every person she met into a stranger, no matter how many times they had been introduced. She kept notes. She took photographs. She built systems to compensate for what her brain could no longer do on its own. Then she sat down for a single laser therapy session with Dr. Robert Hedaya. One session later, the problem was gone. “I can remember the face of the person I worked with this morning and his wife and the dimple on his face,” she told him, describing something she hadn’t been able to do in nearly a decade. What Dr. Hedaya witnessed that day and what he now works to replicate for stroke survivors, people living with aphasia, early dementia, and Parkinson’s, is the result of a therapy called photobiomodulation. And the principle behind it may fundamentally change how you understand your own recovery ceiling. Your Neurons May Not Be Dead. They May Just Be Stuck When a stroke occurs, conventional medicine draws a clear line. Tissue that is destroyed is gone. Deficits that persist beyond the early recovery window are considered permanent. Survivors are told, sometimes gently, sometimes bluntly, that they have plateaued. Dr. Hedaya challenges that directly. In his clinical experience, there is often a population of neurons that survived the stroke intact but are no longer functioning. They are alive. Their cellular architecture is preserved. But they have lost their energy supply, specifically, the ability to produce ATP, the molecule that powers every cellular process in the body. Without energy, these neurons go quiet. They stop firing. From the outside, this looks like permanent damage. But it isn’t. It is dormancy. This mirrors the concept of the chronic penumbra explored in hyperbaric oxygen therapy research, where viable tissue sits in a suspended state, waiting for conditions to change. Dr. Hedaya’s approach is different in method but identical in premise: the brain has not finished recovering. It is waiting for the right signal. Photobiomodulation provides that signal. What Photobiomodulation Actually Does “After the first laser treatment, the problem was gone. Gone. She told me — I can remember the face of the person I worked with this morning.” — Dr. Robert Hedaya Photobiomodulation, also called transcranial laser therapy, delivers precise wavelengths of near-infrared light to targeted areas of the scalp. The photons penetrate through the skull, meninges, and tissue to reach dormant neurons, where they act on the fourth complex of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, the site where nitric oxide accumulates and blocks ATP production. The photons dislodge that nitric oxide. The mitochondria resume normal energy output. The neuron now has what it needs to resume its function. The downstream effects are significant: new synapses form through a process called synaptogenesis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is produced, inflammation decreases, and misfolded proteins associated with cognitive decline begin to clear. Given energy, the brain begins repairing itself, not because the laser forces it to, but because the cells already know what to do. They were just waiting for the fuel. How QEEG Makes It Precise Not every stroke survivor responds to the same laser parameters or needs treatment in the same regions. This is where Dr. Hedaya’s approach clearly separates from consumer LED helmets or generic light therapy devices. Before any laser is applied, he conducts a quantitative EEG, a brain mapping process that measures electrical activity at 19 points across the scalp. Unlike a standard EEG, which relies on a clinician reading scrolling waveforms visually, QEEG uses AI to analyse thousands of data points and reverse-engineer the source. The result is a functional map: which networks are underperforming, which are overactive, and where pathways between regions have broken down. This is paired with a neuroquant MRI that measures 30 to 40 distinct brain structures volumetrically. Together, they function as a GPS triangulating exactly where the laser should be directed, at what wavelength, power, pulse frequency, and joule delivery for each individual patient. These parameters are adjusted as the patient responds, session by session. This level of precision is what distinguishes clinical photobiomodulation from anything available over the counter. A half-watt LED helmet delivering diffuse light through hair and scalp is not the same intervention. Depression After Stroke – And the Whole-Body Connection Roughly 30% of stroke survivors experience depression in the aftermath. This is not simply an emotional response to a difficult event – it is a physiological outcome with identifiable drivers that conventional psychiatry often does not investigate. Dr. Hedaya’s model, which he calls whole psychiatry, treats post-stroke depression as a downstream expression of broader disruption: hypothyroidism, hormonal imbalance, B12 deficiency, elevated mercury from dietary sources, gut dysbiosis, chronic inflammation, and unresolved neurological stress all play measurable roles. In one of his current stroke cases, treating low thyroid function triggered seizure sensitivity because post-stroke tissue is more vulnerable to excitatory input. That kind of complexity is precisely why a comprehensive functional evaluation must precede treatment. For survivors too depleted to engage with lifestyle changes, Dr. Hedaya will now often begin with laser therapy directly. Once cellular energy is restored, the motivation and capacity to make further changes typically follow. The jump-start, he has found, enables everything else. Is Recovery Still Possible After a Plateau? If you have been told you have reached your ceiling, the core message of this episode is worth sitting with: the plateau is often not a biological fact. It is frequently the consequence of underlying conditions that haven’t been identified, and dormant tissue that hasn’t been activated. “The brain is incredibly plastic,” Dr. Hedaya says. “When you challenge it and give it everything it needs, nutrients, light, hormones, and remove the toxins, great things can happen. There is hope. There is so much hope.” His practice, the Whole Psychiatry and Brain Recovery Center, offers initial consultations via Zoom for those who cannot travel to New Jersey. For survivors with a local physician willing to collaborate, educational consultation is also available. Reach Dr. Hedaya at wholepsychiatry.com. If this episode opened something up for you, Bill’s book – The Unexpected Way That A Stroke Became The Best Thing That Happened follows the full arc of what recovery can become when you stop accepting the ceiling and start questioning it. Find it at recoveryafterstroke.com/book. If the Recovery After Stroke podcast has supported your journey, you can support the show at patreon.com/recoveryafterstroke. This blog is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Please consult your doctor before making any changes to your health or recovery plan. The Laser That Restarts Brains – Dr. Robert Hedaya on Photobiomodulation, QEEG, and Whole Psychiatry After Stroke A laser pointed at the right spot in your brain can restart neurons that stopped working. Dr. Robert Hedaya explains how and who it can help. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy – Dr. Amir Hadanny Highlights: 00:00 Introduction – Photobiomodulation Stroke Recovery 01:09 Dr. Hedaya’s Medical Journey 07:55 Transition to Functional Medicine 10:31 Photobiomodulation Stroke Recovery Applications 19:21 Understanding Laser Mechanisms 24:36 Jumpstarting Healing with Laser Therapy 29:48 Understanding EEG vs. QEEG 34:10 Addressing Depression Post-Stroke 39:38 Holistic Approaches to Recovery 46:20 Patient-Centered Care and Follow-Up 51:38 The Role of Spirituality in Healing Transcript: Introduction – Photobiomodulation Stroke Recovery Dr Bob Hedaya (00:00) After the first laser treatment, the problem was gone. Gone. She told me, she said, my God, I can remember the face of the person I worked with this morning and his wife and the dimple on the face. And I said, what are you talking about? She says, have prosopagnosia. I said, says, can’t remember faces. I have to write down everything that I do and take pictures of everything and every person. I said, my God, it’s gone, gone. that’s when I went home that night and I was like, this doesn’t make any sense. How could this be? There’s nothing about a neurological condition being turned around in one minute. It makes no sense. Dr. Hedaya’s Medical Journey Bill Gasiamis (00:41) Welcome everyone to the Recovery After Stroke podcast. I’m Bill Gasiamis and my guest today is Dr. Robert Hedaya, a board-certified psychiatrist, functional medicine practitioner, and the founder of the Hull Psychiatry and Brain Recovery Center in New Jersey. Dr. Hedaya trained at Georgetown and the National Institute of Mental Health. And over the course of his career, he moved from conventional psychopharmacology into functional medicine after discovering of what was driving his patient’s symptoms had nothing to do with their medications and everything to do with their biology. In more recent years, Dr. Hedaya has added a tool that very few practitioners anywhere in the world are using, QEEG, guided transcranial photobiomodulation. That’s laser therapy, precisely using a functional brain map to reactivate neurons that survived the stroke but stopped working. In this conversation, we get into the science behind photobiomodulation and what it actually does inside the cell. How QEEG brain mapping removes the guesswork from treatment, why post-stroke depression is so often mismanaged, the role of nutrition, hormones, and toxin load in recovery. and why Dr. Hedaya believes the plateau most survivors are told about is not the biological sealing they’ve been led to believe it is. Now, before we get into this episode, if you found this podcast helpful in your recovery, my book, The Unexpected Way That a Stroke Became the Best Thing That Happened goes deeper into the tools and mindset shifts that support long-term recovery and personal transformation. You can find it at recoveryafterstroke.com/book. And if this show has supported you, you can support it at patreon.com/recoveryafterstroke. Now let’s get into it. Bill Gasiamis (02:38) Dr. Hedaya. Welcome to the podcast. Dr Bob Hedaya (02:41) Thank you. Pleasure to be here. Bill Gasiamis (02:43) It is a very good pleasure to have you here as well. The reason being is because I, what we’re going to discuss, but B the way that you came to be on my podcast was through somebody who listens to my podcast, reaching out and saying, need to have this gentleman on your podcast. And I get that a lot. And sometimes it’s like, thank you for the referral, but maybe that’s not for me, but this is definitely for me. Can you give me a little bit of. Dr Bob Hedaya (03:01) Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Bill Gasiamis (03:13) background for people who are listening to understand how it is that you and I came to be on the podcast today, but more importantly, like your medical journey to today. Dr Bob Hedaya (03:26) Well, so first of all, I ⁓ was treating a woman who was, let’s say, about 50 years old. She had several strokes. And her husband looked me up, and they came here for treatment. in New Jersey. And ⁓ she had significant improvement in her ability to speak over a short period of time. That’s a little. kind of summary of the situation, but it was ⁓ profound. She still has work to do, a lot of work to do, but she’s doing it and she’s progressing nicely. So that’s, he basically, I guess, decided this needs to get out. And so he contacted you, et cetera, et cetera. In terms of my journey, ⁓ that could take a few hours. So let me try and summarize it. I will say I basically went to medical school, took off six months to study medicine on my own after two years because I really, lot of reasons, but one of them was I just was memorizing things and I didn’t really understand what I was doing. And so I took off six months and I really learned about the human body. I studied, I had a schedule, a very fixed schedule, about 10 hours a day of studying and exercise and eat. was very, you know, I was young and regimented. And I had six books, six subjects that I wanted to get through and I did. And I learned all about the body and different parts of the body, how they interact with each other. And also I was able to understand and predict even certain kinds of processes and problems in the body. So that was an integrative experience, which ⁓ later really served as the foundation for what I do. Fast forward, I was going to be a surgeon, decided to be a psychiatrist instead, because I was fascinated by by the human mind. And what happened was I was trained at Georgetown National Institute of Mental Health in Washington, DC. And then I was in practice for about a year. And I was treating a woman who had panic attacks. And they weren’t getting better after a year. And panic attacks are pretty easy to treat. And so I was like, what’s going on here? She paged me one night after a year, Saturday night. And I remember I had a little beeper, you know, and I went to find a phone booth and, hey, Joanne, what’s going on? It’s midnight, right? She’s talking to me, I’m having a panic attack. And I mean, I still remember the anguish in her voice. You know, it was really, really, really rough to listen to. So Monday morning, I went into the office very early and I’m like, I’m missing something. What am I missing? So I found I had one piece of blood work. had a blood count and the size of her red blood cells was large. and I had seen that and didn’t know what it meant and ignored it. Very little. It wasn’t very large. It was just a little bit out of the norm. And I was trained in hospitals. know, in hospitals, you don’t worry about the little things. You worry about the train wrecks, right? So you never really learn what the little things mean. So here was a so-called little thing and it was ruining her life. Meanwhile, I did some research. It was a B12 deficiency. I gave her B12 injection. And with the first injection, her panic was gone. Transition to Functional Medicine I mean, gone, gone, gone. And I was like, whoa, what else am I missing? Because psychiatry, neuropsychiatry, it’s a revolving door. You go to this doctor, you take these meds, you do this therapy. That works for a while, then you go somewhere else. I figured I’m missing a lot of stuff. And basically, ended up learning. I didn’t know it was called functional medicine, but I ended up learning functional medicine on my own. Wrote a book, got introduced. to Jeff Bland at IFM. contacted me and took formal training and then, you know, that was what I was doing. And I did that, ⁓ put out a second book ⁓ and that was a best seller. And ⁓ the book was called the Anti-Depressant Survival Program. But really it was functional medicine psychiatry or whole psychiatry, which I like to call it. But it’s functional medicine psychiatry, but the publisher wanted… you know, a nice fancy title that would, know, so they decided to call it the Anti-Depressant Program, you know, survival program. Anyway, the best seller and we had thousands of phone calls, we had a lot of publicity and I couldn’t obviously see everybody. So I picked people who had treatment resistant depression and people who had the resources and the motivation or the support to be able to do what they needed to do. And I just treated them with functional medicine. And at this time, you’ve got to realize I was a psychopharmacologist. I was also trained as a psychopharmacologist. So I was doing a lot of psychopharmacology. I mean, a lot. And now I’m doing functional medicine on everybody. And after about three years, I’m noticing that I’m not actually doing that much psychopharmacology anymore. And everybody’s getting better. And the diabetes is going away. and osteoporosis is going away and one woman’s MS lesion in her brain went away and I’m like, what’s going on here? You know what? I might be lying to myself. So maybe I’m paying attention to the positive cases and I’m ignoring the negative. So I hired a statistician to go over all my cases over the course of this period of time, it two or three years. Ended up in 23 cases of treatment resistant depression. ⁓ I wasn’t lying to myself. Every single person went into recovery, not partial remission, not 50 % better, fully recovered by 10 months, every single one. And I was just blown away that, you know, I mean, I was blown away before, but then it was like, well, you’re not really lying to yourself. So that’s what I was doing until 2014 when I retired. I had actually an inaccurate diagnosis. I retired and… turned out it was incorrect. So it was actually really good to be retired, although I missed it terribly, really missed medicine terribly. But it gave me some time. And this is where this kind of starts to relate more to your audience. ⁓ I’m sitting on a hammock for six hours reading a book. Well, you can’t do that when you’re in practice. Bill Gasiamis (10:07) Good thing to do. Yeah. Photobiomodulation Stroke Recovery Applications Dr Bob Hedaya (10:13) That doesn’t happen. So but I was you know in retirement, so I’m reading this book and put two and two together over the course of time and I learned about laser which which they were using in Russia in 1980s and learned how the laser worked and And I was like whoa this could really help the brain and Then I was thinking now. I’m not in practice right, but I’m then I’m thinking but how would I know where to? point the laser in the brain for a patient. And then I keep reading in the book, and then they start talking about in the next chapter about quantitative EEG. And I’m like, oh, that’s how I would know. So I spent the next three years or so actually studying these methodologies. And then in 2017, I want to say, or 2018, I treated my first patient who had early dementia. published this case actually. I was treating her for early dementia. And I had treated her for six months with functional medicine, know, hormones and treating infections, et cetera, et cetera. And she really was much better. And then I was ready to do my first quantitative EEG. And she’s doing much better. She still has some symptoms. And I do the QEG. And actually, if I could share my I don’t know if I can, Okay, so basically what I just sent you is ⁓ how her brain looked after six months of functional medicine, right? So I was shocked because I thought her brain would look much better. And then I said, okay, let’s do the laser. So I knew where to point it because the QEG and this was the shocker. With the first laser, she had a problem. before the laser treatment of facial blindness. I don’t know if you know what that is. It’s people who can’t remember faces. They just met someone, they can’t remember the face. It’s called prosopagnosia. She had acquired it seven years earlier. Bill Gasiamis (12:11) I do. Yeah. Dr Bob Hedaya (12:21) After the first laser treatment, the problem was gone. Gone. She told me, she said, my God, I can remember the face of the person I worked with this morning and his wife and the dimple on the face. And I said, what are you talking about? She says, have prosopagnosia. I said, what? What is proto-diagnosia? I don’t know what that is. She says, can’t remember faces. I have to write down everything that I do and take pictures of everything and every person. I said, my God, it’s gone, gone. that’s when I went home that night and I was like, this doesn’t make any sense. How could this be? There’s nothing about a neurological condition being turned around in one minute. It makes no sense. But then I realized, I reasoned it out, realized, well, she had a population of neurons that were kind of alive, but they were not really functioning. And then I kind of jump started them with the laser and they went about their business and did their job. Bill Gasiamis (13:19) I love it. So, that’s a contrast on what you’re doing as in psychiatry, because psychiatry from, you know, my understanding is, you know, if you, if you speak to somebody who’s been through psychiatry and you ask them, how’s your condition or how is your situation or what has improved, very few people can say, ⁓ well, I’m, I’m better. I’ve overcome it. We’ve moved beyond the resolve that Dr Bob Hedaya (13:27) Yeah. Bill Gasiamis (13:47) Nobody really does that. They kind of just continue to go through the motions of another appointment, another medication, another adjustment in the amount of medication, et cetera. And what you said also seems a little bit ridiculous and kind of too quick. How do you get that kind of a solution that’s meant to take ages? You’re supposed to go through the typical times and it’s supposed to be costly and Dr Bob Hedaya (14:06) Too quick. Bill Gasiamis (14:16) unattainable and all these things. And it makes people feel sometimes I know stroke survivors who come across promises like that from other ⁓ people who talk about ⁓ perhaps ⁓ non-studied, ⁓ no scientific background kind of solutions to stroke and then kind of give everyone a blanket. If we do this, we’ll fix your stroke deficits, which is not true. ⁓ And then And then it leaves people feeling like they got ripped off. If they paid money, it leaves people lost for hope that there is no hope, cetera. And we kind of find ourselves in a, okay, desperate, what do we do now situation, right? And that’s kind of why I got excited when your patient’s husband reached out and said that we should chat. And I had a bit of a look into the kind of work that you do. ⁓ Functional medicine, I’ve heard about heaps. Dr Bob Hedaya (15:00) Hmm. Bill Gasiamis (15:14) And I love that it’s merged with psychiatry because when I started my journey in 2012, overcoming the first brain bladed and the second brain blade six weeks later, I went into functional medicine study to find out not formally, but I started doing what I didn’t know at the time was studying functional medicine and understanding like how I can decrease the inflammation in my brain. and provide the right environment for healing. And the first thing I came across was a book by somebody that you’re gonna know, Mark Hyman. And the book was, ⁓ the book was, ⁓ Eight Fat Get Thin. I read it, not wanting to get thin, I read it ⁓ because it ticked the boxes for the diet that I was gonna use to reduce inflammation in my brain. Dr Bob Hedaya (15:54) Okay. Bill Gasiamis (16:12) And the side effect was I thin. I wasn’t going for that because I was taking medication. was taking ⁓ dexamethasone, which made me put on weight and made these like all these types of ⁓ terrible side effects, but it was helping reduce the inflammation in my brain. So I, I was happy to have it, but I needed to achieve the same outcome as dexamethasone. Dr Bob Hedaya (16:13) I’m kidding. Bill Gasiamis (16:41) or a similar outcome as dexamethasone on a permanent basis without taking dexamethasone to improve the situation in my brain. And then I started to realize that I had a lot of power and I was ⁓ only not guided properly because my physicians, my doctors weren’t able to offer advice in that space. And had I not been the curious kind of guy that I was, I never would have come across Dr. Hyman and some other amazing guys who wrote books at around about that time that were similar in nature. so you’re, and then, and then a little while later, I found there was a Tasmanian, ⁓ psychiatrist, forget her name, but I have her book on my shelf upstairs who wrote a book about, ⁓ psychiatry and food and, the link between food and a good psychiatric outcome. Dr Bob Hedaya (17:15) huh. Bill Gasiamis (17:39) in the brain. And I just thought, okay, there’s much, much more that needs to happen here. Now, this the connections, there’s a lot of connections here. So recently on my YouTube channel, somebody left a comment I wanted to know about red light therapy, and will it help their brain? And I’m like, I have no idea. But let me do some research. I went on to PubMed, I found some articles and wouldn’t you believe it, there is a whole bunch of ⁓ proper data that Dr Bob Hedaya (17:40) You know what? Come on. Bill Gasiamis (18:08) suggests that there is a benefit. The only challenge that I always have with all of these potentially beneficial interventions is there’s no diagnosis done in the first place to determine whether somebody actually is eligible for a particular intervention. And what it sounds like you’re able to do is the diagnostics part and determine their eligibility. Tell me a little bit about why that is important. Dr Bob Hedaya (18:35) Right. Okay, so let me back, I wanna back up, because you said something very important, then I wanna reiterate it. I just gave you before a case of a woman who in five minutes, her problem was gone, right? Not, people should not think that’s the norm, okay? Not the norm. Occasionally it happens, I have a guy who had a head injury and had light sensitivity and confusion in certain situations with light, and one treatment, boom, gone. Understanding Laser Mechanisms People, you know, I have cases like that, but most of the time this is a gradual process. So people should not think it’s a cure-all for everybody. We do have to know who it’s good for. So what we do diagnostically before we do this is I will look at their brain, you know, obviously take some history and all of that business, but we do a quantitative neuroquant MRI. So we look at the different structures inside the brain. You know, we look at… Bill Gasiamis (19:32) Lovely. Dr Bob Hedaya (19:32) 30, 40 different structures. And then we also do a quantitative EEG, which is an electroencephalogram. We measure the electricity in the brain in 19 different places. And then there’s this really AI that takes all this data and it reverse engineers it. It’s called the inverse solution. And you can actually see the pathways, all of the pathways in the brain and the surface areas of the brain. And you can look at that, correlate that with the person’s symptoms. with the neuroquant MRI, it’s like a GPS, right? A triangulation of information and then assuming there’s not a mass or an aneurysm or some reason not to do the laser like an overactive brain or something like that, then we could consider using the laser. And then we also know where we want to do it based on the symptoms, based on the QEG, based on the neuroquant. We will decide what we’re going to target. And then we combine that, sometimes, not always. Bill Gasiamis (20:05) Hmm. Dr Bob Hedaya (20:31) with neurofeedback so we can exercise the areas that we want to exercise or calm down the areas that we want to calm down. And sometimes with hyperbaric oxygen, things like that. And hormones, using hormones or things like that. Bill Gasiamis (20:42) Yep. Hyperbaric oxygen has been a topic that I’ve discussed as well on the podcast and the people that I spoke to about hyperbaric oxygen and guys, I can’t remember right now, but I’ll put a link in the show notes for anyone listening so that you can go and find that episode and have a listen to it. Basically, what I loved about their approach was that they did a massive amount of diagnosis beforehand to determine where the penumbras were and then target those penumbras while the person was in the chamber. by getting them to do certain exercises that would activate those areas and therefore be targeted. So it sounds like the laser therapy is similar. Tell me about the laser. What kind of a laser is it? How does it get targeted to a specific spot? And what does it do when it goes there? I mean, I imagine it just doesn’t point there and go, I’ll illuminate that and it’ll be better. How does it actually work? Dr Bob Hedaya (21:18) Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Okay, so the laser, there are a bunch of different parameters that we have to adjust for each person. So it’s the frequency, how fast is the wavelength? What’s the wavelength? How many times per second is it pulsed? 10 times per second, 40 times per second, 50 times per second. Is it a 8, 10 nanometer wavelength or is it a 1064 wavelength? How many joules are we delivering? you know, where are we delivering it? So there are lots and lots of parameters to adjust, right? ⁓ What does it do? So simple, the first thing that it does, it does many, many things, right? But the very, very first thing it does is it actually releases ATP, the energy molecule, from your mitochondria. So it basically, the photon goes to the fourth channel, the fourth complex in the mitochondria, bumps off the nitric oxide, and that opens the flow of ATP. Well, if your brain, if your neurons have energy, they say, ⁓ energy, ⁓ well, we know what to do with energy. Let’s fix the puddles. Let’s build the roads. Let’s make the connections. Let’s do whatever we got to do. So now you’re getting energy flow. You also get synaptogenesis. You build new synapses. You get production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Bill Gasiamis (23:01) Wow. Dr Bob Hedaya (23:05) You get reduction of inflammation, get reduction of tau proteins and misfolded proteins. ⁓ You get, subjectively, get cognitive enhancement. aphasia, you know, people can start to speak. I mean, I can tell you one story. We used to shave people before doing the laser because I wanted to… Remember, you got a skull, you got the skin, you got all this stuff, right? How are you going to get the light into the brain, right? So we know that only about Bill Gasiamis (23:31) Mmm. Dr Bob Hedaya (23:35) 2.6 % of the light goes through the skull and the meninges and all the layers, right? So we used to shave people because I want to get the hair out of the way, right? At least get rid of some of it. So I had this woman who came to me, this is probably seven years ago, I guess. And at that time, I would not use the laser until I had done functional medicine on the patient. Because I figured, you know, let’s get the terrain straight. the nutrients, the hormones, get rid of the infections, get rid of the toxins, then we’ll apply the sunlight to the brain, to the plant, right? That was my logic. I thought that made perfect sense. So this woman came to me. She was 70 years old, obese. The husband wanted me to give her the laser. She wouldn’t change her diet, not an iota. High blood pressure, obesity. She could not speak. She would not take a medicine. She would not… Bill Gasiamis (24:04) Mm-hmm. Mm. Jumpstarting Healing with Laser Therapy Dr Bob Hedaya (24:33) Like, you name it, non-compliant all the way. Maybe you could say a word or two, that was it. Her husband begged me. I said, listen, it’s a waste, okay? It’s just a waste. I can’t ask her to shave her head. It’s not gonna work. I’m not doing it. He did not stop. So finally, I said, okay, fine, I’ll do it. So I was in my office and I’m making the laser plan. And I’m just writing, and something pops out of my mouth, God, I need a miracle. So I go into the laser room, and I start doing the laser. She starts talking. I have tears. He has tears. She starts talking. So by the end of like 20 sessions, I’m sitting with her having a 45-minute therapy session, because it turns out she was really severely abused when she was young. ⁓ She’s having a whole conversation with me. Turns out she’s psychotic also now. She’s also a psychotic and we didn’t know. So she needs to take some medicine for the psychosis because in the middle of the night, she’s going around with a baseball bat and she wants to like do, and she wouldn’t take medicines, I had to stop the laser. But that was an amazing thing because that was one, but with aphasia, typically it’s more gradual, much more gradual. But I have had a couple of patients where, and a woman came from Chicago and she just started talking also. So everyone’s different. You can’t necessarily come into this expecting that kind of thing is wonderful when it happens, but you Bill Gasiamis (26:14) Yeah. I love the fact that you can intervene with a laser, but also people can intervene with all the things that you said that that patient wasn’t doing beforehand. And that you that’s the top of the hierarchy of how you approach healing the brain is you do all those things. And then you supplement with ⁓ with a therapy like laser or whatever. And you kind of combine that and you make Dr Bob Hedaya (26:25) Yeah, yeah, you got it. Bill Gasiamis (26:42) like the, you make a soup of amazing things that all come together at the same time to support you together. And laser is just one of those things, but all the hierarchy like is so important because Dr Bob Hedaya (26:48) Yeah. It’s all important, all important. But I will tell you this. I have come to the point now where I believe that like people come to me and they don’t want to do anything and I’m like, okay, because I can jumpstart you, assuming you’re a good candidate. I can jumpstart you with the laser. I could just jumpstart you and then once I’ve jumpstarted you, say, ⁓ yeah, okay, I’ll do this. ⁓ okay, I’ll do a little of this. I’ll do a little. Because I’m bypassing everything and I’m giving you energy. Right? And so if you have energy, then, you know, there’s a lot that you can do that you couldn’t do before. So I kind of switched my model, really, only because of the accident of this guy who insisted I give his wife the laser, you know. Bill Gasiamis (27:30) Yeah. That’s not a way to go. mean, ⁓ there isn’t one way to solve a problem. there’s probably many iterations of, know, like how you can put that particular, like intervention together for a person that could specify for that individual, we’re going to go down this approach for you. You were going to go down this approach to get you going. Since you have all these, ⁓ challenges and energy is difficult. Maybe we’ll go directly with the laser and then Dr Bob Hedaya (27:46) Bye. Mm-hmm. Bill Gasiamis (28:09) We give you the skills, the energy, Dr Bob Hedaya (28:09) That’s right. That’s right. Bill Gasiamis (28:12) the training, the coaching, the support to implement the rest of the stuff that you need to implement to continue providing the right ⁓ space for your brain to heal in ongoing so you’re not just relying on laser. Dr Bob Hedaya (28:14) Yeah. ⁓ Yeah, yeah Yeah, if someone comes to me post stroke for example and the laser is appropriate I’m not gonna say well, we’ll get around to laser in six months. I’m not gonna do that They need relief they need help if it can help them Let’s do that. Let’s jump on that and you know, and then is the other stuff we need to do will do it And there’s usually stuff to do ⁓ But I want to get the healing remember the laser is healing It’s clearing out proteins, reducing inflammation, increasing blood flow, synaptogenesis, doing all these good things over the course of time. So you really want to get that process going, I feel, as soon as you can. then, okay, now you can work on the diet that’s going to take some time, check the hormones, make sure there’s no infections, toxic element, you know, all that functional medicine stuff. Maybe you need some medication for depression, you know, it’s having a… a phaser or a stroke or a head injury or some of things like this, they turn your life upside down better than I know. It’s ⁓ incomprehensible, really. Bill Gasiamis (29:26) Yeah, really. Yeah, really challenging. With a laser, how much laser for how long, how often? Understanding EEG vs. QEEG Dr Bob Hedaya (29:37) Great question. So let me say a couple of things. First of all, we have laser and then we have the LED helmets, right? You’ve read about and read the helmets, right? So there are a lot of studies on the helmets. There’s a question of whether they’re really having a direct effect because for a few reasons. Number one, it’s LED, it’s not a laser. Number two, the voltage is so low, if you’re only getting 2.6 % through and it’s so low to begin with, what do you think you’re actually delivering into the tissue? know, it’s hard to imagine that you’re delivering much. there, know, Henderson, I think, wrote an article where he showed there’s no penetration into the brain. But the studies do show cognitive benefit. So it could be an indirect effect or, you know, all the studies are done by the companies that make the… the helmet, there could be some bias. I don’t know the answer there. The laser ⁓ itself is more potent, so we’re doing, say, 30 watts. So the equivalent of a 30-watt light bulb, right? They might be doing half a watt, a very, very, very dim light bulb. We’re doing 30 watts. Now, we’re targeting the area or areas that we want to hit. Now, it goes through 2.6. Bill Gasiamis (30:34) devices. Dr Bob Hedaya (31:03) 5 % of it goes through. And then of course it’s going to be diffused, right? And it’s going to hit the surface tissues more. 1064 will penetrate deeper into the brain, but you don’t really have to go that deep because there’s downstream effects that happen, right? So we really, and then we adjust the parameters depending on how someone does. for example, you know, I had a woman who I was treating And actually it was the patient who her husband contacted you. I was treating her with a certain amount of energy and then after about five sessions I went up, I doubled the energy and boom, she had a response. But we have no way of knowing that’s what she needed. It’s all a calculation. But she, you know… Bill Gasiamis (31:39) Yes. Dr Bob Hedaya (32:00) Whatever it is, the thickness of the skull or the membranes or whatever it is, that’s what you needed and that’s what worked. Bill Gasiamis (32:06) Yeah. Tell me about ⁓ QEEG. So let’s dive deeper into it a little bit because we kind of glossed over it. I think it’s important to discuss how it’s different from EEG, ⁓ what EEG is and then what the Q adds to EEG. Dr Bob Hedaya (32:24) OK, so the EEG, imagine somebody, you put a cap on, and it has all these electrical wires that are measuring the electricity that comes, that’s on your scalp. It’s coming from your brain, but it’s measured at the scalp. And each one is measuring the energy from that spot, comparing it to other spots. And then you might, your viewers might remember. all those squiggly lines, you’ll see like 19 or 20 squiggly lines and you’re like, what is this spaghetti? I don’t know what this is. And I mean, even in medical school, we looked at it and our eyes would glaze over because who knows what it is. So the neurologists look at it and they’ll scroll through it and look for certain patterns to see is there a seizure or is there area of damage where there’s a lot of slowing like the frequency of the electricity slows down if there’s tissue damage, right? And they look visually to see what they can find. But we know with AI, you can get the patterns that you can determine. There’s no way the human mind, the human eye, a trained eye, I don’t care how long you’ve been looking at EEGs, there’s no way you can extract this data that we now extract. So the quantitative is actually looking at the quantity of this, what’s going on here versus the quantity of electricity that’s here versus what’s here versus what’s here. And then all of that is calculated and they say, ⁓ well, if this is high and this is here and this is low here and this is this, well, that means they’re coming from this deeper place here and that’s under functioning. And, you know, that’s done over thousands, thousands of points in a very short order, very short order. It’s amazing. I can’t imagine practicing without this. So now I can look at the thalamus. I can look at the putamen. Addressing Depression Post-Stroke Bill Gasiamis (34:07) Mm-hmm. Dr Bob Hedaya (34:17) In my office, I can do these tests in my office. If a patient is my patient, I can send the QEG to their home and do it in their home. And I get this imagery that’s immensely better than a spec scan. It’s not an MRI, an MRI structure. This is function. Okay, this is function. It tells us how different parts are functioning. Bill Gasiamis (34:40) What’s lighting up? What’s not lighting up? What could be lighting up better? What’s not going to light up anymore? Dr Bob Hedaya (34:45) What’s the information flow? How is the flow going from here to here? How about this network? Is this network working? Is this network overworking? Is it underworking? How about the neuron populations that are firing when I’m relaxed? How are they doing? How about the ones when I’m thinking? How about the ones when I’m thinking fast? How about the populations when I’m emotional? We can look at all those populations and see what’s going on with those populations. And then we can actually target them. train them, et cetera. And then we have that data that we treat, and then we measure and see is it getting better? Do we need to change the protocol? It’s not helping, it is helping, et cetera. Bill Gasiamis (35:29) Yeah. with stroke, so many things come from stroke that people are not equipped to handle. You know, firstly, all of the, ⁓ the parts relating to, ⁓ simply the person discovering them, they’re, they’re immortal after all, you know, you become a mere mortal immediately and you kind of work out the most terrible thing that could have happened to me happened. My brain is injured and all these things go away. Right. And then. Unfortunately, like I think it’s 30 % the studies of people who experienced stroke will then also experience depression. Like as if recovering from stroke isn’t enough and all the deficits that you also have to recover from depression. What’s it like? How can that be supported with this particular method, this approach that we’re discussing here today? Dr Bob Hedaya (36:28) So ⁓ kind of separate from stroke, ⁓ treat treatment resistant depression with laser all the time. With stroke, we use the laser, but you have to watch the QEG to make sure you’re not getting overstimulation, number one. Number two, I learned this with the patient that referred me to you, ⁓ that after, put us in touch, there was actually a central Bill Gasiamis (36:44) huh. for us in touch. Dr Bob Hedaya (36:58) hypothyroidism, meaning the low thyroid function, right? And we had to treat that, but the problem was as we treated that, there was a supersensitivity and because the tissues after stroke are more vulnerable to seizures, the patient actually had a seizure. She was actually having seizures we didn’t know, mild seizures. And then when we treated the thyroid, then we actually ended up having seizures. now we have to support, you need thyroid function to be good in order to not be depressed, right? If you have low thyroid, you’re much more likely to be depressed in the face of a stroke or other stresses. So we were kind of a little bit of a bind there because we went and treated, but it’s too sensitive. So anyway, we’re actually threading that needle nicely and we’re moving slowly and carefully and keeping, there’s no seizure activity now. But you have to treat the depression because of the depression itself. Bill Gasiamis (37:29) Yep. Dr Bob Hedaya (37:55) is a big problem because you know to recover from stroke, man, you gotta work hard. You gotta keep a good attitude. gotta have your eye on the ball. There’s no room for like… I’m going to give up. There’s no room for that. I mean, of course you feel it and I mean, it’s all natural feelings, but you have to really be determined and that’s essential. so with depression that is ⁓ really can get in the way. So we treat it. The laser can treat it. Sometimes pharmacology, sometimes therapy, sometimes yoga, know, hyperbaric, all these things that we do with the nutrition, making sure the hormones are right. All these things work together, you know. Bill Gasiamis (38:14) Yeah. I love all of those things that you mentioned. And then all of a sudden you just throw in yoga. mean, it just, it’s so counterintuitive, isn’t it? When you have a conversation about all these acronyms and all these tests and lasers and all that kind of stuff, and then you just throw in yoga casually like that. It’s, and we underplay it, but it’s such a massive thing in the picture of what creates the environment for a good recovery, but also I love that you mentioned the thyroid in that conversation as well about depression and what can also be a trigger to depression and people may have depression, never check their thyroid and not know that it’s a thing. Now I’ve had thyroid surgery, have ⁓ half of my thyroid removed because I had a massive ⁓ goiter on one side and that was such a difficult thing to discover and have to go through 16 months after brain surgery. but they only discovered it after my brain surgery when they did a chest x-ray, because I wasn’t recovering properly and they found that I had this goitre which would have been there for a long, long time impacting my health and all sorts of things. And I make that point because often people who have had a stroke and can’t speak, for example, have aphasia, ⁓ or their arm doesn’t work or the leg doesn’t work properly, will say, I just wanna fix this thing. If I could speak, Dr Bob Hedaya (39:40) No. Holistic Approaches to Recovery Bill Gasiamis (40:09) everything’s better, but they’ve never looked at the other things that may be contributing to keeping the speech at a level which is not good enough for them, for example, to be comfortable with. And it’s like this one track mind, I’ll just get my speech back, I’ll get my speech back, you what do I need to do? Or make it go, get back for me. There’s often no looking into the other things that might be causing depression, for example. Dr Bob Hedaya (40:31) Thank you. Bill Gasiamis (40:38) After stroke, know for a fact that the gut gets impacted ⁓ very dramatically from a stroke and the gut is highly linked to ⁓ mood and how you feel. And nutrition is what supports the gut to feel better and taking out things from the diet that are ⁓ making the gut sluggish and not work appropriately will ⁓ improve your mood and how you feel. It’ll make a difference and Dr Bob Hedaya (40:59) Okay. Yeah. Bill Gasiamis (41:08) and it’ll add to one of those little tools that supports depression and makes depression less impactful and you have less swings, et cetera. And that’s kind of the point that you’re making is that you don’t just turn up and do psychiatry. We’re gonna do psychiatry, treat you pharmacologically and then send you on your way and then see you in six, 12, eight months again or whatever and then just repeat the process again. It’s a whole, know, holistic is the word that you hear, but it is a broader conversation that people need to be having. And that sounds like what you guys do. It sounds like the conversation doesn’t encompass, it encompasses everything. It doesn’t just focus on one intervention. Dr Bob Hedaya (41:56) That’s why I call it whole psychiatry. But it really should be whole neuropsychiatry or whole brain or, you know, but it’s whole body, whatever you want to call it. It’s really more than the body because obviously the social connections play a big role as well, you know. So yeah, everything you’re saying is 100 % true and it’s all real. Everything you’re saying is real. Everything you do. mean, simple things going back to the B12. You you need B12 to… Bill Gasiamis (41:58) Yeah. Dr Bob Hedaya (42:26) remyelinate your neurons. need to keep the mercury, by the way, got to keep the mercury levels low. know, the mercury, if you’re eating tuna fish or swordfish and you have high mercury levels, know, the mercury will actually prevent you from making new branches. The mercury actually will bind on tubulin, which is like a brick that you need to build new roads. And it will prevent the tubulin from building new roads in your brain. So here you are working hard trying to… Bill Gasiamis (42:28) Mmm. Dr Bob Hedaya (42:54) do things and you’re a can of ⁓ whatever tuna fish with loads of mercury two, three, four times a week. Well, that’s not working, you know. So that’s why you really want to look at the whole thing. It’s a lot. It’s really a lot. You know, it’s a big program, but you you take, take steps. Everybody has different needs or not everybody has to do everything. Bill Gasiamis (43:04) Yeah. Yeah. Not everybody needs to do everything to achieve significant results, but it’d be amazing to be able to find the things and target those, the ones that you’re to get the most bang for buck on. So you’re to putting time and effort into things that are not getting results. For example, an led hat from, uh, Amazon for $9 that you put on your head. And it’s basically just a red light hat. It’s not really doing the thing, right? Dr Bob Hedaya (43:32) Hmm. Ha ha ha. Bill Gasiamis (43:49) And that’s kind of why I started to have that conversation and do a little bit of research in what they, know, what’s medically known as or scientifically known as photo bio modulation, you know, the idea is great, but then it came to me from somebody who I imagine was looking at a seven or eight or $9, $10 cap with red lights that put on the head and they Dr Bob Hedaya (44:00) Right. Bill Gasiamis (44:15) paid money for a cap and hoping for an outcome and they didn’t get an outcome and then they’re wondering why. I suggest when people are looking into those topics, is gonna go and have a look at the science, what it says about the nanometers of the type of light that you need to be experiencing, how, where, who, and always do these things with medical supervision. It really challenges me when I find out people do things like, know, methylene blue was a thing. Dr Bob Hedaya (44:44) Right. Bill Gasiamis (44:45) uh, very recently and people will just go get a bottle of Methylene blue from somewhere and just start taking it and have no idea what they’re doing and, and, and, know, what they could hope for. They could be making things worse than for themselves and actually making themselves, um, like make things a lot harder for themselves. So, uh, my point is this all needs to be done under medical supervision. Typically when you, somebody reaches out to you, how do you begin the conversation and then how does that person engage with you? And then what happens after they’re treated? Because often I know from my experience with all my neurologists, et cetera, very rarely do I see anybody a second time, six months, 12 months, 18 months, five years down the track. You usually go in, they patch you up, they send you home, you get back to your life and then maybe you do one MRI. Dr Bob Hedaya (45:36) Really? Bill Gasiamis (45:44) ⁓ for a few years after brain surgery just to make sure that everything’s stable. But that’s about it. Nobody follows up with you. Dr Bob Hedaya (45:52) No, it’s a whole different ball game with us. No. So what we do first is ⁓ if someone will contact us through the website, which is wholepsychiatry.com, they will actually fill out a form. And if we feel that it looks like we might be able to be helpful to them, then we will send them a welcome letter. And then they will have the opportunity to meet with our new patient coordinator at no charge. Patient-Centered Care and Follow-Up and she’ll talk with them for 15 to 30 minutes and kind of tell them what’s going on and see if they, you know, the fit is good, et cetera. And then they have an opportunity if they want to meet with me on Zoom for 15 to 30 minutes and ⁓ I’ll figure out, can I help them? Can I not help them? Is it a good fit, et cetera? And then if it looks like, you know, green light and they decide they want to move forward and it makes sense, then we’ll schedule an evaluation. The time duration of the evaluation depends on what kind of patient. It could be a couple of hours, could be four and a half hours. But usually for neurological patients, straightforward, it’s a shorter evaluation. And before the evaluation, we’ll collect the neuro-quant and the QEG and the old records, et cetera. And then I will go through all of that data plus lab data that we collect. And I will then have an idea. Okay, what’s going on here? Now there’s all these things. There’s digestion, there’s nutrition, there’s immune function, inflammation, toxins, hormones, all the hormones, structural issues, chiropractic issues, traumatic brain injury, cardiovascular issues, et cetera. We look at all of that and then to see what are the players here and spiritual, social resources, connectivity. We look at all of this. And then we have a whole picture of what’s going on. And then we can figure out, okay, how do we want to approach this? And sometimes we approach it very lightly. Say we just start with the laser, that’s it. Or sometimes somebody says, no, I want to really get in there and fix everything that’s wrong. Okay, well, we identified these five or six things that need correction. So let’s stage this in order. And that’s what we’ll do. And everyone’s different. And then we have follow-up depending on what we need in two weeks, in a month, six weeks, not usually six weeks. Once things are stable, it could be every two, three months or four months. But in the meantime, I’m in the boat rowing, paddling with them. That’s the way I do it. I treat people, really, I try to treat people just like I would want to be treated myself, like I would want my family to be treated. I do the very best. I love what I do, you know what I mean? I just love what I do and I try to do the best, highest quality. And it’s not that I’m perfect, not that I don’t make mistakes, ⁓ not that I know everything because that’s for sure that I don’t, but that’s my approach. So I try to be in the boat with the patient. As long as the patient’s paddling, I’m paddling just as hard, if not. Bill Gasiamis (49:02) Yeah, it sounds like at least if things, if you don’t make the right approach initially, there’s a whole bunch of tools and resources and things that you can kind of focus on. And one of the things you mentioned, again, you glossed over it, but I love that you do this is spiritual. Like it might be a spiritual journey that the person needs to take. And it’s so overlooked because people, you know, do have… Dr Bob Hedaya (49:22) yeah. yeah, yeah. Bill Gasiamis (49:30) existential crisis after a stroke. it’s like a spirituality helps somehow for a lot of people ease, heal that, ⁓ help people move through, you know, the weeds and come out into the opening and then kind of see the opportunities and where they need to go next. And people don’t need to engage with somebody like you to go on a spiritual journey. That might just be something they’ve ever looked and they can just go, you know what, I’m going to pick up the Bible or ⁓ I’m going to learn about this particular ⁓ spiritual journey or whatever and go through it and do whatever it is that they need to do to kind of start beginning the healing journey in their own special unique way. It’s really important that spirituality gets addressed and it’s not glossed over. And I’m not saying that you did or I did or we do, but in the back of the minds, stroke survivors may not consider that being important. The Role of Spirituality in Healing Dr Bob Hedaya (50:31) Yeah, first of all, I’m passionate about spirituality. I mean, passionate because the truth, in my opinion, is that consciousness, your level of awareness is really consciousness is the foundation, the substrate of everything that exists. The material is an outflow from consciousness. So I could talk about this forever. Not everyone is oriented this way. So, you know, I just saw a businessman, very successful businessman ⁓ last week. He doesn’t want to just, you know, get me back online. OK, I don’t want to hear this mumbo jumbo and I just can’t. I don’t want to delve into it. Just get me better. know. But other people are like, I want to find the meaning, you know, and it’s very important. to find the when I think generally for most people finding the meaning in it is critical. And I’ll say one thing, my mother, may she rest in peace, was in the emergency room, probably 25, 30 years ago, I don’t know, something was wrong, she was in the emergency room for seven, eight hours or whatever, and some guy comes by and says, ma’am, can I get you a sandwich? And she says, oh yeah, please, please get me a sandwich. He gets her a tuna fish sandwich, whatever it is, right? He leaves. She’s so grateful. She’s so grateful that she volunteers in the hospital for 20 years. Okay? This guy has no idea what he did and all the people that he helped through her, right? So you’re, you you and you’re not just you, but we, each of us in our small minds, we have no idea. the impact we have on other people. So if it’s important to a person to have a meaningful life, understand that you don’t have to be running a company. You can smile at a stranger, change their day. There are things that you can do and you have an impact. Now, that’s a small consolation when you’re dealing with a stroke, obviously, but that’s when you kind of want to work to a meaningful ⁓ attitude and a good attitude. So yes, the spirituality is… many people very important. Bill Gasiamis (52:54) David who brought us together ⁓ wanted me to meet you so I could interview you. that part of the role that he played in what happened to his wife ended becoming something that helped other people. Isn’t it interesting? The whole journey started on. Dr Bob Hedaya (53:15) Exactly. Bill Gasiamis (53:20) He contacted me because he wanted to make something good come of what happened to his wife, which I’m sure his wife was also interested in. And he said, you need to get Dr. Hedaya on because we need to share more information, make this stuff aware. so, and I’m like, well, that’s perfect. Of course I do. Whoever comes to me with that kind of information because they want to help other stroke survivors because he’s hoping that other caregivers that are in his shoes have a better outcome. They have more support. They have more information. They have more tools. Dr Bob Hedaya (53:27) Mm-hmm. Bill Gasiamis (53:50) That’s the spiritual journey. You don’t have to call it ⁓ Christianity, Judaism. You don’t have to call it something. You don’t have to label it, but that is what spirituality looks like in practice. Dr Bob Hedaya (53:56) Right. Right. That’s exactly it. That’s exactly it. And it gives me chills because, you know, I know his wife is suffering, you know, and ⁓ but she’s making really great headway, but it’s hard, you know. But look at look that he’s reaching out and he cares enough about other people and to and make her journey and what she’s gone through and what she’s learned be useful to other people. That’s it. That’s just beautiful. I mean, that that speaks volumes about him and her. Bill Gasiamis (54:32) It does absolutely and her and your work because your work is not unique. You’re not the only one doing this kind of work. I think there’s only kind of a small percentage of ⁓ medical professionals in the field that are practicing in this way. And hopefully that continues to grow. ⁓ If somebody wanted to, well, somebody lots of people are listening to this today. If anyone wanted to reach out ⁓ who thinks, you know, that they might be able to ⁓ benefit from or go down this kind of approach. How should they go about that? What questions should they be asking of you, et cetera? Like how do they begin? Because this is a different conversation than I have ⁓ neurological injury, have aphasia. It needs to be positioned differently, this conversation. Dr Bob Hedaya (55:29) Tell me what you mean. I’m not really clear what you’re saying. Bill Gasiamis (55:33) If somebody wants to find a clinician who practices the way that you practice, you guys, for example, you know, you know, who thinks about the brain in a different way. What, what should they be looking for and what. Dr Bob Hedaya (55:38) Aha, I see, I see. I would say that they should go to the website for the Institute for Functional Medicine. And there’s a tab. This is find the practitioner. And make sure you look for a practitioner that is certified, fully certified. And then investigate the practitioners who are in your area and see if they experience. in this area. there are not I’m not aware of, there’s a guy somewhere in the Midwest here who’s using a laser, I believe. And then maybe other people that I don’t know about using lasers, but I’m not aware of anybody that I could say, go see this person for this quantitative EEG guided transcranial photobiomodulation. I’m not saying that that is readily available. It’s not. But the whole functional medicine thing, there are a lot of practitioners. And I think that’s the way to go there. Just do your homework. Bill Gasiamis (56:48) Yeah. Yeah. Cool. Your organization is whole psychiatry and the brain recovery center. Is that right? Okay. So the psychiatry part of it, ⁓ people might be listening and going, well, that doesn’t apply to me, the specific word specifically doesn’t need to apply to an individual to engage with you because, we’re not just dealing with the psychiatry part of somebody’s recovery. Dr Bob Hedaya (56:56) Yeah. Right. Thank you. No, no, we’re dealing, we treat psychiatric, but we treat neurological. You know, I started as a psychiatrist. was, you know, certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology, but I was doing psychiatry. then, you know, just following, you know, learning and whatever, I ended up, you know, doing some neurology here. And so, but we didn’t change the name to the whole neuropsychiatry and brain recovery. Maybe we should, or maybe the whole brain recovery center or something like that. So, you we do both, no, and if, and if, I can’t be helpful, of course, I’m going to tell people this, we really don’t want to waste people’s time, energy, money, et cetera. ⁓ But it’s, it’s been, you know, I have to say an amazing journey. And I would say when you follow for me, this is me, my life, following my passion of learning about the brain and understanding the brain and Bill Gasiamis (57:45) Yeah. Dr Bob Hedaya (58:14) looking for the fundamentals of how do things work and just there’s a common sense in medicine. I looked at the laser when I was reading that book and I was like, wow, ATP in the brain, that could really help the brain. How would I

If you can travel to central Indiana for treatment, book a free consultation with my team at AlphaOmega Wellness: https://consult.alphaomegawellness.co...May is Mental Health Awareness Month, but as an ER doctor who has treated over 800 patients with severe depression, anxiety, and trauma, I need to tell you a hard truth: we've been getting it wrong for 50 years.When you are experiencing the fog, the dread, the heaviness, and the racing thoughts, it is not an abstract problem. It is not a willpower problem. It is a measurable, biological, structural problem in the physical organ inside your head.In this podcast, I break down the critical difference between "mental health" and "brain health." I explain the neuroscience of chronic stress, how it physically shrinks your prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and why the molecule BDNF is the key to getting unstuck. If therapy and antidepressants haven't worked for you, it's because they aren't targeting the structural layer of your brain.

I just finished Born to Walk by Mark Sisson. In this episode, I review this book and share some insight's from Sisson's book. Most people underestimate walking—not just as a gentle activity but as a powerful tool for transforming your health, mind, and spirit. Mark Sisson's latest insights in Born to Walk challenge everything you think you know about exercise, revealing why walking, not running, is the secret to longevity, mental clarity, and fat loss. If you're tired of injuries, burnout, or simply seeking a sustainable way to improve your well-being, this episode is your ultimate game-changer.Discover how chronic running can do more harm than good, including its hidden risks like joint damage, hormonal imbalances, and even heart issues. Sisson breaks down the counterintuitive science: why long-distance running often preserves fat rather than burns it and how excessive stress from exercise hampers fat metabolism and muscle growth. You'll learn why elite long-distance runners tend to be naturally skinny and how that differs from the rest of us trying to shed pounds.We break down the surprising power of walking—an activity so simple, yet so scientifically proven to boost brain function, elevate mood, and ignite creativity. Hear about the revolutionary hormone BDNF, which grows your brain's capacity, and how walking can increase your IQ, sharpen decision-making, and even prevent diseases by up to 32%. You'll discover the unique cognitive benefits of walking in nature, including how it stimulates ideas, reduces depression, and fosters happiness—without any stress or side effects.This episode reveals why walking is the most accessible, free, and effective lifestyle habit you can adopt today. It's perfect for busy people, those healing from injury, or anyone eager to optimize health without risking burnout. Whether you're looking to improve fat burning, enhance mental clarity, or simply reconnect with your body and spirit, walking provides all that and more—long-term, sustainable, and enjoyable.Join us as we explore the anatomy of the ideal movement routine—why 80% of your training should be gentle walks and why the 10% of high-intensity effort is enough for real gains. And if you're wondering how to get started, Sisson shares practical tips for integrating walking into your daily routine, even with a busy schedule or family commitments. Plus, learn how walking can deepen your connection with loved ones and elevate your overall quality of life.This episode isn't just about exercise; it's a call to reclaim your health with the simplest, most effective movement: walking. It's time to slow down, enjoy nature, and unlock the full potential of your mind and body—one step at a time.Are you ready to redefine wellness? Hit play and start walking your way to a healthier, sharper, happier you.

Lee Carroll returns to the Mycopreneur Podcast to discuss his novel research into Ergothioneine as a support framework for psychedelic therapy and neuroplasticity. Lee unpacks complex concepts like the BDNF pathway, cellular phosphorylation, and the transformative power of hydrogen sulfide at the cellular level in digestible phrasing for non-clinicians. This episode is brought to you by Real MushroomsPlease rate and review this episode on whichever platform you're listening Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Your biological age can drop by over three years in just eight weeks, and the tools to do it are already in your kitchen. This episode breaks down the cutting-edge science of methylation, polyphenols, Yamanaka mimetics, and epigenetic reprogramming that is rewriting what we know about anti-aging, longevity, and human performance. -Watch this episode on YouTube for the full video experience: https://www.youtube.com/@DaveAspreyBPR Host Dave Asprey sits down with Dr. Kara Fitzgerald, ND, IFMCP, a leading voice in functional medicine and epigenetic aging research. Her award-winning clinical studies published in Aging (2021, 2023, and 2025) proved that targeted diet and lifestyle interventions can measurably reverse biological age on validated epigenetic clocks. She is the author of Younger You, an IFM faculty member and Certified Practitioner, and one of the most rigorously credentialed researchers working at the intersection of functional medicine, nutrition, and longevity science today. Together, they go deep on Yamanaka factors, the Nobel Prize-winning discovery that can wind back a 90-year-old cell to its 20s, and the emerging class of compounds called Yamanaka mimetics, polyphenol-based supplements that may replicate some of those same cellular rejuvenation effects without the risks. They cover why polyphenols do the heavy lifting in biological age reversal, how AI is accelerating longevity research, and why the dark matter of nutrition may matter more than macros, carnivore protocols, or ketosis for long-term health. They also get into oxalates, mitochondria, fibroids, ovarian rejuvenation, and why the original Horvath clock may be more relevant than scientists thought. This is essential listening for anyone serious about biohacking, longevity, supplements, functional medicine, anti-aging, brain optimization, human performance, and using smarter not harder strategies to take control of your biology. You'll Learn: How diet, supplements, and meditation reversed biological age by over three years in eight weeks in a randomized controlled trial What Yamanaka factors are and why scientists are calling partial cellular reprogramming the future of anti-aging Which polyphenols do the heaviest lifting for epigenetic rejuvenation, including EGCG, urolithin A, rosemary, marjoram, and yarrow Why the Horvath epigenetic clock may actually be touching on programmatic aging rather than just exposomic wear and tear How AI is unlocking patterns in longevity data that no human researcher could find alone The problem with high-oxalate superfoods and how to get polyphenol benefits without the inflammatory downside Why ovarian rejuvenation may be the highest-leverage Yamanaka application for women's longevity and brain health How compounds like AKG, sodium butyrate, and forskolin may act as Yamanaka mimetics already available today What the PRC2 polycomb clock reveals about programmatic aging and why it matters more than second-generation clocks Why perimenopause does not have to be painful, and how functional medicine addresses it at the root Thank you to our sponsors! - Screenfit | Get your at-home eye training program for 40% off using code DAVE at https://www.screenfit.com/dave. - Viome | Check it out at viome.com and use code 10DAVE for 10% off. It's time to stop guessing and start knowing your body. - STEMREGEN | Go to stemregen.co/dave30 Use code DAVE30 for 30% OFF your next order. - Caldera + Lab | Go to https://calderalab.com/DAVE and use code DAVE at checkout for 20% off your first order. Dave Asprey is a four-time New York Times bestselling author, founder of Bulletproof Coffee, and the father of biohacking. With over 1,000 interviews and 1 million monthly listeners, The Human Upgrade brings you the knowledge to take control of your biology, extend your longevity, and optimize every system in your body and mind. Each episode delivers cutting-edge insights inhealth, performance, neuroscience, supplements, nutrition, biohacking, emotional intelligence, and conscious living. New episodes are released every Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday (BONUS). Dave asks the questions no one else will and gives you real tools to become stronger, smarter, and more resilient. Keywords: Kara Fitzgerald, biological age reversal, epigenetics, DNA methylation, Yamanaka factors, polyphenols, EGCG, urolithin A, anti-aging, longevity, biohacking, functional medicine, supplements, mitochondria, epigenetic clock, cellular reprogramming, AKG, sodium butyrate, methylation, Steve Horvath, Vittoria Sebastiano, coleus, perimenopause, ovarian rejuvenation, pluripotent stem cells, PRC2, dark matter of nutrition, TRIM study, dihydroxyflavone, BDNF, Prenuvo, chemical cellular rejuvenation Resources: • Learn more about all of Dr. Fitzgerald's work at: https://www.drkarafitzgerald.com/ • Get My 2026 Clean Nicotine Roadmap | Enroll for free at https://daveasprey.com/2026-clean-nicotine-roadmap/ • Dave Asprey's Latest News | Go to https://daveasprey.com/ to join Inside Track today. • Danger Coffee: https://dangercoffee.com/discount/dave15 • My Daily Supplements: SuppGrade Labs (15% Off) • Favorite Blue Light Blocking Glasses: TrueDark (15% Off) • Dave Asprey's BEYOND Conference: https://beyondconference.com • Dave Asprey's New Book – Heavily Meditated: https://daveasprey.com/heavily-meditated • Join My Substack (Live Access To Podcast Recordings): https://substack.daveasprey.com/ • Upgrade Labs: https://upgradelabs.com Timestamps: 0:00 – Trailer 1:28 – Explaining Study 3:45 – What Is The Diet 6:49 – Age Reversal 8:17 – Polyphenols vs. Supplements 9:27 – Food vs. Supplement Dosing 12:41 – Oxalate & Polyphenol Trade-offs 18:41 – Yamanaka Factors Explained 28:59 – Chemical Cocktails 32:15 – PRC2 Clocks & Programmatic Aging 40:28 – Seasonal Eating 43:40 – Carnivore Diet: Short vs. Long Term 45:31 – Inuit Diet 46:39 – Flavones & Brain-Crossing Compounds 48:50 – Why Only Men in the Study? 51:05 – Women, Perimenopause & the Protocol 53:20 – Fibroids & Gaps in Women's Research See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Louisa Nicola is a neurophysiologist, performance specialist, and founder of Neuro Athletics, a company focused on brain optimization and neurophysiology for elite performers. A former professional triathlete, Nicola's early career in endurance sport shaped her belief that peak performance is driven as much by the brain as by the body. Her transition from elite competition to neuroscience was fueled by a desire to understand the neurological foundations of reaction time, resilience, recovery, and long-term cognitive health. Through Neuro Athletics, she works with professional athletes, sports organizations, executives, and high performers to implement measurable brain-based training protocols. Her work includes cognitive performance testing, visual processing and reaction training, nervous system regulation, and concussion recovery strategies. Nicola emphasizes objective brain metrics over subjective feedback, bringing scientific rigor to performance optimization. She is also the host of The Neuro Experience podcast, where she interviews leading neuroscientists, physicians, and longevity experts. A significant focus of her public work centers on Alzheimer's prevention and cognitive decline. Nicola advocates for early baseline testing, cardiovascular and metabolic health, strength and aerobic training to increase BDNF, sleep optimization, inflammation reduction, and lifelong cognitive engagement. She frequently highlights the disproportionate risk women face in Alzheimer's disease and calls for greater awareness around hormonal and midlife cognitive vulnerability. Nicola frames brain health as a lifelong discipline, connecting elite performance principles with long-term cognitive resilience and positioning brain optimization not as a reactive measure, but as a proactive strategy beginning in early adulthood. Shawn Ryan Show Sponsors: Head to https://Superpower.com and use code SRS at checkout for $20 off your membership. Unlock your new health intelligence. 100+ biomarkers. Every year. Detect early signs of 1,000+ conditions. #superpowerpod If you're serious about selling to the Department of War, go to https://SBIRAdvisors.com and mention Shawn Ryan for your first month free. Live better longer with BUBS Naturals. Get 20% OFF on collagen, MCT creamers, and more with code SHAWN at https://bubsnaturals.com/srs Louisa Nicola Links: IG - https://www.instagram.com/louisanicola_ Website - https://www.neuroathletics.com.au X - https://x.com/louisanicola_ YT - https://www.youtube.com/@LouisaNicola LI - www.linkedin.com/in/louisanicola Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

This podcast episode of Next Level Healing features Dr. Tara Perry speaking with fitness industry expert Kevin Steel, PhD, about the transformative benefits of exercise for brain health, anti-aging, and overall well-being.Kevin Steel brings decades of experience in health and fitness, having completed multiple Ironman competitions and holding a PhD in exercise physiology with a subspecialty in nutrition. He spent his career working with everyone from corporate executives to athletes, eventually becoming director of education research and member services for the world's largest health club company. The conversation centers on Steel's assertion that exercise is like a miracle drug - "if science could put it inside a pill, people would be lined up around the block, willing to pay anything to get it". He emphasizes that only 7% of chronic diseases are genetic, meaning 93% are lifestyle-related and preventable. Key benefits of exercise discussed include:Brain Health: Regular exercise regenerates neurons and expands gray and white matter in the brain [13:52]. It stimulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which acts like "fertilizer for your brain" [15:32]. Exercise can reduce amyloid plaques associated with Alzheimer's and dementia [13:52].Mental Health: Steel references Dr. John Ratey's book "Spark," which demonstrated that exercise therapy can achieve the same or better results than pharmaceutical drugs for treating anxiety, depression, and stress [21:12] [21:38].Physical Health: Exercise improves cardiovascular function, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and can even reverse type 2 diabetes when combined with healthy eating [18:58] [16:32] [18:01].Children's Health: A study in Naperville, Illinois showed that structured exercise programs eliminated ADHD symptoms in children, allowed them to go off medications like Ritalin, and dramatically improved academic test scores [23:05] [23:34] [23:44].Steel advocates for a whole food, plant-based diet, noting concerns about hormones and antibiotics in mass-produced animal products [34:11]. He emphasizes that exercise doesn't require expensive equipment - simple activities like walking 30 minutes daily cost nothing but provide significant health benefits [29:33].Despite these proven benefits, only 26% of American adults exercise regularly, and only 18-20% belong to health clubs [28:34]. Steel attributes this partly to doctors receiving little education about exercise science in medical school, leaving patients without specific guidance when told to "eat better and exercise" [30:53] [31:41].The episode concludes with Steel's contact information for those seeking more guidance: LinkedIn at Kevin D Steel PhD: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kevindsteelephd and email at KDsteelphd@yahoo.comWork with Dr. Tara PerryTune in every Wednesday for a new episode of Next Level Healing. Subscribe on your favorite podcasting platform and never miss an episode!

On this episode of Men Talking Mindfulness, hosts Jon Macaskill and Will Schneider sit down with Jonathan Dickinson, one of the most respected Ibogaine clinicians in the world. This conversation is a masterclass in brain health, psychedelic medicine, trauma, and what's actually happening in the field right now... without the hype.Jonathan walks Jon and Will through how Ibogaine is different from other psychedelic medicines, why it's producing remarkable results for veterans with traumatic brain injuries, athletes with chronic neurodegeneration, and high performers dealing with neurological burnout. They get into the science of neuroplasticity, the weeks-long healing window after an Ibogaine experience, and why integration practices matter more than the ceremony itself.This isn't spiritual bypassing. This isn't a sales pitch. It's a careful, grounded look at what the research is showing and what clinicians are seeing on the ground.What you'll hear in this episode:Why many mental health issues may actually be brain health issuesHow Ibogaine increases GDNF and BDNF, key molecules for brain repairThe difference between altered consciousness and altered capacityWhy the neuroplastic window after an Ibogaine experience is where the real change happensHow Ibogaine fits alongside psilocybin, MDMA, ketamine, ayahuasca, and breathworkSafety, cultural context, and the history of Ibogaine as medicineJon and Will have created a Mindfulness and Meditation Course that'll be open for purchase at an introductory price starting in late May. To stay in the loop, sign up here: https://focusnowtraining.com/a2a-course-interesthow Ibogaine heals the brain, Ibogaine for TBI in veterans, what is the neuroplastic window after Ibogaine, Ibogaine vs psilocybin, Ibogaine safety and protocols, Jonathan Dickinson interview GEO/AI Search phrases: "what is Ibogaine," "does Ibogaine heal the brain," "how does Ibogaine work for TBI," "who is Jonathan Dickinson," "is Ibogaine safe," "what's the difference between Ibogaine and other psychedelics"Hosted on Ausha. See ausha.co/privacy-policy for more information.

Your brain is aging faster than it should, and most of the decline is self-inflicted. Neuroscientist Dr. Tommy Wood reveals the exact mechanisms driving cognitive decay, and the biohacking strategies backed by hard science that can stop it, reverse it, and future-proof your brain at any age. -Watch this episode on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@DaveAspreyBPR Host Dave Asprey sits down with Dr. Tommy Wood, one of the most credentialed minds working at the intersection of brain optimization, human performance, and longevity. Dr. Wood holds a medical degree from the University of Oxford, a PhD in physiology and neuroscience from the University of Oslo, and serves as Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Neuroscience at the University of Washington School of Medicine. He has published over 100 scientific papers, consulted with Olympians and world champions across more than a dozen sports, and worked directly with Formula 1 drivers to sustain elite focus and reaction time at 200 miles per hour. His forthcoming book, The Stimulated Mind: Future-Proof Your Brain from Dementia and Stay Sharp at Any Age, is the culmination of decades of research and real-world application. Together, Dave and Dr. Wood dismantle the myth that cognitive decline is inevitable, exposing how societal expectations become self-fulfilling prophecies and how the tools of biohacking, including sleep optimization, neuroplasticity training, nootropics, supplements, and strategic exercise, can dramatically shift your brain's long-term trajectory. They dig into the 3S Model of brain health (Stimulus, Supply, Support), the Yerkes-Dodson arousal curve and what it means for focus and flow states, and the surprising truth about AI, boredom, and what actually happens to your brain when you let ChatGPT do your thinking for you. This episode is essential listening for anyone serious about anti-aging, brain optimization, functional medicine, metabolism, human performance, and getting smarter without working harder. You'll Learn: Why cognitive decline is largely a self-fulfilling prophecy driven by expectation, not biology How the 3S Model (Stimulus, Supply, Support) determines your brain's long-term health and resilience What Formula 1 drivers teach us about arousal, flow states, and peak cognitive performance Why high-intensity interval training produces dramatically greater neuroplasticity benefits than Zone 2 cardio alone How creatine, nicotine, nootropics, and other supplements actually affect the aging brain The real data on alcohol, dementia risk, and what "occasional drinking" actually means scientifically How to use AI tools like ChatGPT in a way that builds brain function instead of destroying it Why boredom is a neurological necessity and how chronic low-level stimulation is quietly eroding your cognition What mitochondria and lactate signaling have to do with BDNF and long-term memory How resistance training, coordinative movement, and blood flow restriction each deliver separate and distinct cognitive benefits Thank you to our sponsors! - KILLSwitch | If you're ready for the best sleep of your life, order now at https://www.switchsupplements.com/and use code DAVE for 20% off - Neuronic | Go to www.neuronic.online Code DAVE for $100 off - Danger Coffee | Grab yours at DangerCoffee.comand use code DAVEPOD at checkout for 15% off. - Suppgrade Labs | Grab your DAKE and Minerals 101 duo at shopsuppgradelabs.com and use code DAVEPOD for 15% off today Dave Asprey is a four-time New York Times bestselling author, founder of Bulletproof Coffee, and the father of biohacking. With over 1,000 interviews and 1 million monthly listeners, The Human Upgrade brings you the knowledge to take control of your biology, extend your longevity, and optimize every system in your body and mind. Each episode delivers cutting-edge insights inhealth, performance, neuroscience, supplements, nutrition, biohacking, emotional intelligence, and conscious living. New episodes are released every Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday (BONUS). Dave asks the questions no one else will and gives you real tools to become stronger, smarter, and more resilient. Keywords: Tommy Wood, The Stimulated Mind, brain health, cognitive decline, dementia prevention, neuroplasticity, brain optimization, biohacking, Dave Asprey, human performance, longevity, 3S model, brain stimulation, headroom, cognitive reserve, BDNF, lactate, Zone 2, HIIT, resistance training, blood flow restriction, sleep optimization, nootropics, creatine, nicotine, acetylcholine, supplements, ADHD, arousal curve, flow state, Formula 1, anti-aging, mitochondria, metabolism, AI and the brain, ChatGPT, digital dementia, boredom, neurogenesis, hippocampus, white matter, IGF-1, osteocalcin, alcohol and dementia, TMS, TDCS, vagal nerve stimulation, near infrared light, functional medicine, cognitive stimulation, stereotype embodiment theory Resources: • Learn More About Tommy And His Work At His Website: https://www.drtommywood.com • Get My 2026 Clean Nicotine Roadmap | Enroll for free at https://daveasprey.com/2026-clean-nicotine-roadmap/ • Dave Asprey's Latest News | Go to https://daveasprey.com/ to join Inside Track today. • Danger Coffee: https://dangercoffee.com/discount/dave15 • My Daily Supplements: SuppGrade Labs (15% Off) • Favorite Blue Light Blocking Glasses: TrueDark (15% Off) • Dave Asprey's BEYOND Conference: https://beyondconference.com • Dave Asprey's New Book – Heavily Meditated: https://daveasprey.com/heavily-meditated • Join My Substack (Live Access To Podcast Recordings): https://substack.daveasprey.com/ • Upgrade Labs: https://upgradelabs.com Timestamps: 00:00 — Trailer 01:28 — Guest Intro: Dr. Tommy Wood 03:37 — F1 Drivers & Arousal Optimization 09:01 — Brain Headroom & the 3S Model 13:14 — Brain Stimulation Tech (TMS, TDCS) 17:50 — Cognitive Decline & Aging 20:55 — Alcohol & Brain Health 24:10 — ADHD & Brain Chemistry 26:53 — Nicotine & Cognitive Enhancement 33:25 — Creatine for the Brain 35:12 — Zone 2 vs. High-Intensity Exercise 39:19 — Strength Training & Brain Benefits 43:12 — Boredom & Cognitive Resilience 45:06 — AI & Brain Health 52:49 — Future-Proofing Your Brain See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Zone 2 cardio might be the most undersold workout for women over 35, and the science behind it will completely change how you think about exercise. In this episode, Alisha Carlson breaks down why this low-intensity training approach builds the single most powerful predictor of how long you will live: your VO2 max.If you have ever pushed hard in the gym and still felt like your body was fighting you, this episode is for you. Alisha unpacks how hormonal changes in perimenopause affect your stress response and why high-intensity-only training can actually work against women over 35. Then she lays out exactly how Zone 2 cardio supports hormonal balance, blood sugar regulation, cortisol management, and brain health using evidence-based research you can act on today.Whether you are navigating perimenopause, dealing with stubborn energy crashes, or just done with approaches that leave you exhausted, this episode gives you a smarter framework for fitness that works with your biology, not against it.WHAT YOU WILL LEARN:- What Zone 2 cardio is and exactly how to find your zone using the simple talk test- Why VO2 max is the strongest predictor of longevity and how dramatically it can be improved at any age- How declining estrogen in perimenopause affects your cortisol response and why that makes high-intensity-only training backfire- The cortisol-belly connection: why chronically elevated stress hormones promote visceral fat storage in women over 35- How Zone 2 training improves insulin sensitivity and blood sugar regulation, especially for women in perimenopause- The BDNF connection: why aerobic exercise at Zone 2 intensity is one of the best tools for protecting brain health and reducing dementia risk- How to stack Zone 2 with strength training for the best metabolic and longevity outcomes- The identity shift that makes sustainable fitness finally possible for women who are done starting overTHIS EPISODE IS FOR YOU IF...- You are a woman over 35 who trains hard but still feels exhausted, inflamed, or stuck- You are navigating perimenopause or menopause and noticing your body responding differently to exercise- You struggle with belly fat, poor sleep, or blood sugar crashes despite consistent effort- You have been stuck in all-or-nothing fitness cycles and want a sustainable, non-diet approach- You want evidence-based strategies that work with your hormones, not against themIf today's episode shifted something for you, there is a next step waiting. We are building a focused, affordable micro course for women over 35 who want to build a sustainable fitness foundation that actually works with their hormones, not against them. Zone 2, strength, nervous system regulation, blood sugar management: all of it in one place, without the overwhelm.Join the community now to be the first to know when it launches and get access to the founding member offer.facebook.com/groups/thestrongherwaysisterhoodReady to go deeper right now? Explore the Fit + Fueled coaching program at strongherway.com/fitandfueled or connect on Instagram @thestrongherway.

In this episode, we unpack ENERGIZED, the amino acid chain-based system that restores natural energy production at the cellular level. You'll learn how ginseng and whey amino acid chains increase mitochondrial efficiency, balance dopamine and norepinephrine for sustained motivation, and improve oxygen use, all without overstimulation or crash. We'll dive into the research behind PGC-1α activation, BDNF increases from natural coffee-fruit caffeine, and why most energy problems are signaling problems, not caffeine deficiencies. ENERGIZED teaches your cells how to make energy again!   Hosted by Leanne Vogel.   Coaching with Leanne: https://www.healthfulpursuit.com/coaching    Customize your ENERGIZED Kit: https://makewellness.com/Leanne/Shopping/ItemList?SharedCartId=21524&CategoryId=0      Let me help you put together a kit of bioactive amino acid chains that work for you, your goals, and your body: https://www.healthfulpursuit.com/quiz    Enjoy today's show. Thanks for listening!  

✨ "The healing process is there in service of your life, not the other way around. Do the healing in order to live." – Kira Julius Kira Julius is a German-Danish horse trainer and equine assisted practitioner whose career has taken her from working young horses in Tanzania at 16, to eight years alongside Australian warmblood specialist Will Rogers — first in the Netherlands, then Germany — to therapeutic work with autistic children and families across Germany, Denmark, Ireland, and the UK. She now runs her own practice through horserealms.com, working with horses, families, and individuals at the intersection of horsemanship and resilience.What makes Kira's perspective unusual is that she has lived the subject she now teaches. A lifelong relationship with anxiety and fear around horses, a family crisis at 18 when her father suffered a stroke that pulled her into an early adult role, and years inside the hyper-demanding world of sport horse training — including a period where her own anxiety became so acute she could barely ride — all of it has shaped a practitioner who speaks from earned experience, not theory.In this conversation, Rupert and Kira go deep on what resilience actually means — for horses, for humans, and for the practitioners who work with both. They move through the groundwork methodology Kira developed starting sensitive warmbloods, the specific exercises that release tension and build connection, and how those same principles apply when working with autistic children. They explore why always being calm may be the wrong goal, how to move through fear rather than wait for it to pass, and why the trauma conversation risks tipping into a place that keeps people stuck. This is a wide-ranging, experience-backed conversation that will resonate with anyone who works with horses, with neurodivergent individuals, or with their own inner life.If you want to support the show, you can do so at Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/LongRideHome

Get AudioBooks for Free Best Self-improvement Motivation Boost BDNF Naturally: Simple Brain-Enhancing Method Discover a simple way to increase Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. Improve memory, focus, and brain health with easy daily habits. ⁠We Need Your Love & Support ❤️ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Get 3 Audiobooks Free -

GLP1s are all the rage, yet the side effects can be dangerous, including sarcopenia (muscle loss) are not always understood or even addressed, so in this episode we help you understand that muscle health MATTERS, far more than you likely know. Because your muscles are "the organ of longevity", the secret to aging well, living well, getting and staying lean, and maintaining vitality is to preserve and build your muscles.AND this can be done without expensive injections, dangerous side effects, or--great news--expensive gym memberships!Dr. Alan Jones is a health sciences PhD and former pharma executive turned highly credentialed expert in muscle health and longevity, and he shares the science we ALL need to know, including...how simple daily movements can redefine your health span and are your best ally in preventing frailty, chronic disease, fat gain, and even cognitive decline.how losing muscle does not have to be an inevitable part of aging., Each of us has the power right now to transform our bodies, our brains, AND our lifespan.how powerful signals—called myokines—improve everything from bone density to mental clarity.how resistance training, high-protein diets, and even simple "exercise snacks" can revitalize your health at any age..how natural, safe alternatives to GLP1s like bioactive peptides ARE available....and affordable.If you want to live longer, healthier, and more independently...If you want to think more clearly and eliminate brain fog...If you want to lose weight and get stronger... listen now!Timestamps04:25 - The epidemic of muscle loss and social media noise05:50 - Hollywood's atrophic trend and social norms shift06:12 - Scientific insights from Dr. Alan Jones' background08:00 - Dr. Jones' switch from pharma to muscle health advocacy13:10 - Defining sarcopenia and its types 14:55 - How medications like statins impair muscle health15:49 - Consequences of muscle loss: frailty and chronic disease16:14 - Sedentary lifestyles vs. active roots17:24 - Debunking the myth that aging causes inevitable muscle atrophy18:24 - How exercise and diet influence muscle and metabolism19:41 - Myokines explained: myostatin and beneficial muscle-secreted compounds20:37 - The neuroprotective role of BDNF and organ crosstalk21:53 - How muscles communicate with bones, liver, and heart25:50 - Practical resistance exercises and "exercise snacks"30:00 - The power of intentional movement and everyday activity32:12 - Strength training benefits for appearance and health34:05 - Muscle's influence on fat burning and metabolic health34:15 - Muscle's role in preventing osteoporosis via myokines36:20 - Organ crosstalk and cellular communication complexity39:00 - Dangers of improper use of GLP-1 drugs and alternative solutions44:14 - How resistance training impacts aging signs and facial aging45:07 - The anti-aging effects of muscle training49:23 - Risks of rapid weight loss on drugs like Ozempic54:49 - The importance of proper peptide use and natural options66:43 - How bioactive peptides and food sources support muscle and health69:28 - The critical role of sleep timing and quality in agingResources:Bioactive Peptides: https://meet.makewellness.com/peptide-science?referral=amyludwig

Do you have a habit like smoking or late night snacking that you want to kick, but no matter what you try, you just can't seem to quit? The answer isn't weakness, and it isn't a lack of motivation. It lives in the 88% of your brain you're not consciously controlling, and therapeutic hypnosis (hypnotherapy) may be one of the most underestimated tools available to change it.On Salad with a Side of Fries, host Jenn Trepeck and guest Rita Black, a leading clinical hypnotherapist and author, pull back the curtain on hypnosis and hypnotherapy for weight loss, smoking cessation, and breaking stubborn subconscious patterns. If you've ever asked yourself why you can't stop doing something you genuinely don't want to do, this conversation was made for you.What You Will Learn in This Episode:✅ How hypnotherapy works by relaxing the critical filter between your conscious and subconscious mind, making it easier to adopt new habits and beliefs rather than fighting against deeply embedded patterns.✅ Why willpower represents only 12% of your mental power, and how your subconscious patterns from night eating to emotional eating are running the show, whether you realize it or not.✅ How adopting an apprentice mindset and shifting your identity from "dieter" to "learner" can reduce shame, break the start-over-Monday cycle, and create sustainable behavioral change.✅ Three practical self-hypnosis techniques you can use today: the identity shift, the Movie Theater mental practice method, and aversion therapy tools that interrupt dopamine-driven cravings before they take hold.The Salad With a Side of Fries podcast, hosted by Jenn Trepeck, explores real-life wellness and weight-loss topics, debunking myths, misinformation, and flawed science surrounding nutrition and the food industry. Let's dive into wellness and weight loss for real life, including drinking, eating out, and skipping the grocery store.TIMESTAMPS:00:00 Rita Black, clinical hypnotherapist and expert in hypnosis for weight loss and smoking cessation05:05 Rita shares her personal story of overcoming addiction through hypnotherapy and becoming a non-smoker10:04 The difference between stage hypnosis and therapeutic hypnosis: entertainment versus real behavioral change14:25 How hypnotherapy relaxes the critical filter so the conscious and subconscious mind can finally align19:36 The ringing phone analogy: why dopamine and expectation drive food cravings and night eating23:06 Three self-hypnosis tools to start using today. Step one: identity shift28:43 Step two: mental practice31:36 Step three: aversion therapy33:45 Understanding your inner critic, inner rebel, and inner coach and how inner communication drives choices37:35 How to choose the right hypnotherapist: finding a specialist with lived experience and strong reviewsKEY TAKEAWAYS:

Et si votre entraînement pouvait faire ce qu'aucun médicament ne peut faire ? Nous explorons comment le muscle en contraction agit comme une véritable pharmacie vivante, en libérant des myokines qui retirent le glucose de la circulation sanguine et stabilisent le métabolisme, tandis que d'autres organes produisent des exerkines comme le BDNF, qui favorisent la croissance de nouveaux neurones, améliorent la concentration et protègent la santé cérébrale à long terme. En présentant le mouvement comme un véritable médicament, le message devient clair : plus vous développez et utilisez votre masse musculaire, plus vous augmentez votre réserve pour un meilleur contrôle de la glycémie, plus d'énergie et une meilleure résilience.Nous expliquons des objectifs pratiques, sans jargon. Vous découvrirez comment utiliser le « talk test » pour atteindre 150 minutes d'activité modérée ou 75 minutes d'activité vigoureuse par semaine, pourquoi deux séances de renforcement musculaire sont essentielles, et comment le vieillissement change la donne lorsque la masse musculaire et la force diminuent à des rythmes différents. Nous faisons le lien entre la VO2 max et la longévité, expliquons pourquoi les mouvements du travail quotidien ne sont souvent pas assez intenses, et montrons comment de petites améliorations, comme quelques pas de plus, une marche rapide avec un gilet lesté ou des squats au poids du corps, s'additionnent pour produire de véritables gains de santé.Vous obtiendrez aussi des exemples d'entraînement concrets : construire une base en zone 2, ajouter de courts intervalles à haute intensité, et faire varier les exercices pour rester constant lorsque la vie ou de petites blessures s'en mêlent. De l'équilibre et de la mobilité qui vous aident à vous relever du sol et à prévenir les chutes, au travail en résistance qui préserve la densité osseuse et la sensibilité à l'insuline, cette conversation vous offre une feuille de route que vous pouvez réellement suivre. Abonnez-vous, partagez avec un ami qui a besoin d'un petit coup de pouce, et dites-nous quelle habitude vous adopterez cette semaine pour bouger davantage et vous sentir mieux.Go check out my website for tons of free resources on how to transition towards a healthier diet and lifestyle.You can download my free plant-based recipes eBook and a ton of other free resources by visiting  the Digital Downloads tab of my website at https://www.plantbaseddrjules.com/shopDon't forget to check out my blog at https://www.plantbaseddrjules.com/blog You can also watch my educational videos on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMpkQRXb7G-StAotV0dmahQCheck out my upcoming live events and free eCourse, where you'll learn more about how to create delicious plant-based recipes: https://www.plantbaseddrjules.com/Go follow me on social media by visiting my Facebook page and Instagram accountshttps://www.facebook.com/plantbaseddrjuleshttps://www.instagram.com/plantbased_dr_jules/Last but not least, the best way to show your support and to help me spread my message is to subscribe to my podcast and to leave a 5 star review on Apple and Spotify!Thanks so much!Peace, love, plants!Dr. Jules 

Welcome back to Embody Radio! Today's episode is one of those "nerdy girl deep dives" that I've been so excited to share with you. I sat down with David Watumull, a researcher and formulator who has spent over two decades in the astaxanthin space, starting all the way back in the algae ponds of Kona, Hawaii as a high schooler, and working his way through pharmaceutical-grade research and development.   If you've never heard of astaxanthin, or if you've heard of it but kind of wrote it off as "just another antioxidant," this episode is going to change that for you. We get into the weeds on what makes astaxanthin structurally different from other antioxidants (spoiler: it actually spans the entire cell membrane like a bridge, while things like vitamin C just sit on the outside), how it fights free radicals without becoming a pro-oxidant itself, and why it matters for literally everyone, not just people who are "old enough to worry about aging."   We cover a LOT of ground in this one: What oxidative stress actually is (explained like you're five) and why modern life accelerates it How astaxanthin works upstream of inflammation like a thermostat, not an on/off switch The connection between oxidative stress and brain fog, mood, sleep, joint pain, and skin health Why your 3pm energy crash might be a bigger red flag than you think How astaxanthin crosses the blood-brain barrier and promotes neuroplasticity and BDNF production The NIH Interventions Testing Program results Astaxanthin's role as "internal sunscreen." What that means and what it doesn't Why it pairs so well with omega-3s, creatine, and other longevity supplements Dosing guidance David's personal story from the algae ponds to pharmaceutical research to launching AX3   I've been personally taking astaxanthin for about a month now, and I'm noticing calmer mental energy, better recovery from training, and significantly improved REM and deep sleep. This one is backed by over 4,000 peer-reviewed papers and 100+ human clinical trials, so we're not just vibing here, there's real science.   If you want to try AX3 for yourself, use code EMBODY at ax3.life for a 20% discount. This is one of those foundational supplements I think more of us should be prioritizing.   Fitness, health, and holistic wellness for $22/month Interested in a luxury 1:1 online health coaching experience? Look no further than FENIX ATHLETICA, where we fuse science and soul for life-long transformation (inside AND out). For the high-achieving hot girls that want to recover better, support glowier skin, and promote longevity through better cellular health, get 20% off your first order of Mitopure and make wellness easier than ever. Follow me on Instagram Follow EMBody Radio on Instagram

In Part 2 of our conversation with Charles Miller from Scenic City Neurotherapy, we get into the practical side of his controversial "collective lie" thesis from Part 1.Charles walks through his MSKIT (Minimally Stimulated Ketamine Infusion Therapy) approach, explaining when he believes therapeutic integration should actually happen: weeks after treatment during the neuroplasticity window, not during altered states. He addresses how he manages patient expectations around epiphanies and insights, arguing these are retrospective brain noise rather than therapeutic mechanisms.You'll hear Charles use memorable analogies—from cheese obsessions to rollercoaster highs—to explain why he believes the psychedelic experience itself isn't doing the heavy lifting. He makes the case that ketamine is upgrading synaptic function, not providing mystical cures, and that the real work happens when patients are sober and doing therapy afterward.Through detailed audio sidebars, we explore the crucial relationship between BDNF and sleep (and why post-treatment rest matters more than most clinics acknowledge), and examine the metabolite pathway that creates ketamine's addiction potential.Charles also shares his vision for the future of ketamine therapy, advocating for greater scientific rigor and proper medical oversight while critiquing the growing trend of unqualified providers administering ketamine.If you're questioning whether the approaches many of us have been using actually serve our patients best, this conversation will give you a lot to think about.What You'll Learn in This Episode· Patient education strategies - How to remove performance pressure by explaining "you can't make this work better or worse" and framing treatment as physiology, not psychology· Managing epiphanies and insights - Charles's perspective on why experiences are retrospective brain noise rather than therapeutic mechanisms, and how to validate without overemphasizing· BDNF and sleep optimization - The critical relationship between post-treatment sleep quality and neuroplasticity consolidation that many clinics overlook· Ketamine's addiction pathway - Understanding the hydroxynorketamine metabolite mechanism and why "more is not better" with dosing protocols· Pain protocol applications - How he incorporates NAD, lidocaine, magnesium, and anti-inflammatories for comprehensive chronic pain treatment· Future field vision - Charles's call for greater scientific rigor, proper medical oversight, and evidence-based protocols over speculative experiential approachesKey Takeaways· Therapeutic integration may be more effective up to weeks after ketamine treatment when the neuroplasticity window is active, rather than during altered states when processing capacity is diminished· Patient education could focus on removing performance pressure by explaining ketamine as physiological process rather than psychological work, helping patients understand "you can't mess this up"· Ketamine experiences might be retrospective rather than revelatory, reflecting existing knowledge without noise rather than generating new insights, which suggests focusing on post-treatment integration work· Sleep quality in days following ketamine treatment could significantly impact neuroplasticity consolidation, as BDNF release during rest helps lock in synaptic changes initiated by treatment· Ketamine's addiction potential may stem from the hydroxynorketamine metabolite binding to opioid receptors at high doses, supporting protocols that emphasize "more is not better" dosing approaches· Mental health symptoms might represent accurate emotional responses to synaptic dysfunction rather than diseases themselves, with ketamine enhancing processing speed and accuracy rather than changing brain content· Providers could benefit from understanding ketamine's "dirty drug" pharmacology, including sodium channel blocking effects that contribute to dissociation and can be addressed with targeted adjuncts like lidocaineEpisode 53 show notes:00:00:00 - Teaser: This Is Not Magic, This Is Science00:00:17 - Introduction and Part 2 Setup00:01:54 - When Therapy Should Actually Happen: Physical Therapy Doesn't Occur During Surgery00:02:48 - Optimal Timing for Therapeutic Integration: The Weeks That Follow Treatment00:05:31 - The Science Behind Post-Treatment Rest: BDNF Release and Sleep00:07:25 - Audio Sidebar: BDNF and Sleep Connection00:09:29 - Managing Patient Epiphanies: The Cheese Story and Brain Noise00:13:30 - Mental Health as Synaptic Processing Speed00:16:45 - Why Experience-Driven Treatment Would Require Daily Ketamine00:18:04 - MSKIT Protocol: Minimally Stimulated Ketamine Infusion Therapy00:22:12 - Minimally Stimulating Environment: Binaural Beats and Brain Noise00:25:30 - Pain Protocols and the "Dirty Drug" Concept00:26:57 - Audio Sidebar: Ketamine's Metabolite Addiction Pathway00:30:31 - Future Vision: Greater Rigor and Medical Oversight00:34:56 - Rapid Fire Personal Questions00:42:55 - Final Thoughts and Episode Wrap-upThanks for listening

I'm sharing the framework I built after hitting my own rock bottom when I faced hospitalisation, clinical depression, and complete burnout. It's what I now use with every high-performing woman who comes to me exhausted, stuck, and doing everything right with nothing to show for it. And once you understand it, you'll never think about your energy, your training, or your body the same way again. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN • What is the performance gap and why does it close in midlife? • Why does belly fat increase even when you're eating less? • How does muscle loss drive insulin resistance and visceral fat? • What is BDNF and how does strength training boost brain performance? • Can resistance training reduce depression symptoms? • Why is muscle mass a predictor of all-cause mortality? • What does a high-performance training week actually look like? • How much protein do women in midlife actually need? • Why is skipping a protein-rich breakfast one of the most common mistakes? • What is the BioSyncing Method and how does it raise your physiological floor? VALUABLE RESOURCES • Take the BioSyncing Quiz to help you understand what's actually happening in your body — and how to fix it.

An increase of just 40 watts of leg power is linked to cognitive aging benefits equivalent to a brain functioning three years younger. There's also a direct relationship between leg strength and the size of your hippocampus — the memory center of your brain, and one of the first regions affected by Alzheimer's.In the final episode of Move for Your Brain, Amy and Marian Barnick bring it all together: the research on leg strength and brain health, Marian's Foundations First framework applied specifically to lower body strength, and Marian's own long recovery road — multiple surgeries, two total knee replacements, and what she learned going through it all as both the expert and the patient.This is the episode to share with every woman in your life who thinks she's too broken, too busy, or too late to build strong legs. She's not. Do not settle.What You'll LearnThe King's College London twin study: what 10 years of data says about leg strength and brain healthWhy your hippocampus — your memory center — is directly linked to how strong your legs areWhat happens to proprioception after a knee replacement, and what retraining really looks likeHow to apply Foundations First to lower body strength: ankles → hips → balance → strengthWhy pain is the number one thing that stops women from building the strength their brains needThe difference between "used to be athletes" and "forever athletes"Marian's mantra — do not settle — and Amy's reframe: it's your future self, not your old selfWhat to Listen For[1:11]  Amy's opening — leg strength and the brain[2:29]  Marian's recovery road: the car accident, surgeries, what she didn't expect[5:22]  Leg strength and hippocampal volume: the research[6:19]  Foundations First applied to lower body strength[8:35]  "Your ankle mobility shows up as knee pain" — finding the root cause[11:55]  Pain is the #1 barrier — BDNF and why movement helps[12:39]  Marian's free lower body mobility guide[17:01]  Marian's pet peeve: why "just get stronger" is incomplete advice[20:16]  Forever athletes vs. used to be athletes[20:49]  Tennis as a brain health activity[23:26]  Leg strength as locomotion and independence[24:10]  "Do not settle" — Marian's mantra[27:41]  Amy's reframe: future self, not old self[31:24]  The stair moment: small wins, big winsResources MentionedKing's College London twin study on leg power and cognitive aging: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4789972/RESTORED Protocol (free guide): moxie-club.com/restoredIs It Just Brain Fog? Quiz: moxie-club.com/bfquizMarian Barnick's free lower body mobility guide: MarianBarnick.com/GuideRESOURCES:Book a FREE Discovery Call with AmyOrder Amy's book Thoughts Are Habits Too:  Master Your Triggers, Free Yourself From Diet Culture, and Rediscover Joyful Eating.Schedule your Breakthrough Roadmap session with AmyFollow Amy on Instagram @amylangcoaching Follow Amy on Facebook @amylangcoachingSubscribe to Amy's YouTube channel @happyandhealthywithamy

#215: Your brain isn't a character flaw, and “lazy” is not a medical explanation. We're pulling on a thread that a lot of people feel but rarely get clarity on: why your life can look like ADHD on the outside while the root cause might be dopamine signaling, sleep debt, stress overload, thyroid function, or shifting hormones.I share what I learned from my own pharmacogenomic genetic testing and how to read the results without spiraling. We talk through key genes that show up in dopamine and mood conversations, including COMT (dopamine breakdown speed), ABCB1 (blood brain barrier transport and medication sensitivity), DRD2 (dopamine receptors), BDNF (neuroplasticity and learning), and the endlessly discussed MTHFR methylation pathway. The point isn't to self-diagnose from a report, but to understand why focus can be effortless in high-interest moments and impossible when something is boring or draining.Then we bring it back to what you can actually do this week: sleep support, morning sunlight, exercise, enough protein, novelty, and real social connection, plus a reality check that thyroid health and hormones can strongly shape brain chemistry. If you've been questioning whether it's ADHD vs low dopamine, this will give you a clearer framework and a lot more self-compassion. Subscribe, share this with a friend who's been stuck in self-blame, and leave a review then tell me: what part of your motivation pattern finally makes sense?You can now send us a text to ask a question or review the show. We would love to hear from you! Support the showFollow me on social: https://www.instagram.com/babbles_nonsense/

Dr Deb Muth 00:03Well, welcome back to Let’s Talk Wellness Now. I am your host, Dr. Deb. And what is the most talked-about peptides in functional medicine? aren’t actually FDA approved. Not because they don’t work, but because no one’s funded the research to prove it yet. The truth is, some of the compounds that dominate wellness forums, BPC-157, TB-500, thymosin beta-4, epitalin, occupy a fascinating space between breakthrough science and unregulated experimentation. In today’s episode, we’re stepping into that grey zone, the world of investigational peptides, to separate mechanism from marketing. I’m going to walk you through the science that actually shows and where it stops, how to evaluate claims when human data don’t yet exist, and the quality, purity, and safety red flags that you need to recognise. Dr Deb Muth 01:06I created it in a previous episode, so go check that one out. And why honesty is the most important prescription in peptide medicine. If you’ve ever wondered whether these research-only peptides are the frontier of healing or the next functional medicine fad, this episode is for you. So grab your cup of tea or coffee, get comfortable, and let’s talk about what it really means to use peptides that are promising but still under investigation. So we’re going to break just for a second here and have a word from our sponsor. It is because of them that we stay on the air. So thank you for this. And we will be right back. Did you know sweating can literally heal your cells? Infrared saunas don’t just relax you. They detox your body, balance hormones, and boost mitochondrial energy. I’m obsessed with my Health Tech sauna. And right now, you can save $500 with my code at healthtechhealth.com slash dr-muth-req-25. Dr. Deb Muth 02:15All right, guys, welcome back. Let’s dive into investigational peptides, the evidence gap. So the following peptides we’re about ready to discuss are extensively in integrative, functional, and regenerative medicine circles. They may have intriguing mechanisms and promising preclinical data. However, they lack FDA approval, and the evidence quality varies dramatically. from interesting preliminary research to essentially no human data at all. And this distinction is really critical for maintaining scientific integrity. So let’s talk about immune-modulating peptides. There’s thymus and alpha-1, and this is an international story on the thymic peptides. Thymusin alpha-1, known as TA1, is marketed internationally as zidaxin. Dr. Deb Muth 03:16It’s a 28-amino acid polypeptide originally isolated from thymusin fraction 5, which was extracted from bovine thymus tissue. Modern production uses synthetic peptide synthesis. The thymus gland is located behind the sternum and is the primary site for T cell maturation, and thymic peptides like TA1 play roles in human system development and regulation. Now, I love thymus peptides. I love thymus glandular products. I’ve used thymus glandular products for decades. Ground-up animal thymus gland is basically what it is. There are a couple of different supplement companies that I’ve used over the years that are amazing with this. And they do a fantastic job, and they really do help to support the immune system. So when thymus peptides came out, it was really exciting because it took the whole idea of thymus support to a new level. Dr. Deb Muth 04:17The mechanism actually behind the thymus in alpha-1 is complex and involves multiple aspects of immune function. At the cellular level, TA1 enhances T cell maturation and differentiation, particularly the development of helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells. It modulates T cell receptor expression and can influence the balance between Th1 cell-mediated immunity and Th2 humoral immunity responses. And it also enhances the natural killer cell activity and modulates dendritic cell function, which are critical for antigen presentation. and initiation of adaptive immune responses. And on the cytokine level, TA1 influences production of interleukin-2, IL-2, interferon gamma, IFN-γ, and interleukin-10, IL-10. Dr. Deb Muth 05:19These create immune modulatory rather than simple immune stimulatory effects. This is a very important distinction because TA1 appears to help balance the immune system rather than simply ramping this up, which theoretically makes it safer in conditions where immune overstimulation would be a problem, such as an autoimmune disease. Hashimoto’s, autoimmune, lupus, Sjogren’s, any of those autoimmune diseases, we don’t want to overstimulate their immune system. So you want to use a product like this that’s non-stimulating. Now, the regulatory status on TA1 is geographically variable and represents one of the challenges in discussing this peptide with patients. It is not FDA-approved in the United States. However, it is approved in several other countries for specific conditions. Dr. Deb Muth 06:19In Italy, it’s approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C. In China, it’s approved for chronic hepatitis B and adjunct immune compromised patients receiving vaccinations or suffering from certain infections. It has an orphan drug designation in the United States for certain cancer indications, but its designation does not constitute approval. It simply provides regulatory incentives for further development. So the evidence base for thymosin alpha-1 is substantial in some areas but comes primarily from non-US populations and research groups, which creates challenges in evaluating quality and generalizable information. So in hepatitis B and C, multiple clinical trials, many conducted in China and Italy, have examined TA1 as an adjunct to antiviral therapy. Dr. Deb Muth 07:21A meta-analysis by Wu and colleagues published in the Journal of Viral Hepatitis in 2013 examined 23 randomized controlled trials, including over 2,000 patients with chronic hepatitis B. The analysis found that combining TA1 with nucleoside analogs like LAMVDUDE or an and TCAVAR improved the hepatitis antigen seroconversion rates by HBV DNA clearance compared to its nucleoside analogs alone. And the effect sizes were modest but statistically significant, with the HBE-AG seroconversion rates improving from about 24% with antivirals alone to 38% in combined therapy. Now in hepatitis C, early trials before the development of direct-acting antivirals showed that TA1 combined with interferon alpha improved sustained virological responses, and compared to interferon alpha, Dr. Deb Muth 08:30Furon alone, particularly in difficult-to-treat populations like those with a genotype one or a high viral load. However, the advent of highly effective direct acting antivirals that achieve SRV rates, sorry, SVR rates exceeding 95%, the role of TA1 in hepatitis C has become less clear. Now in sepsis and critical illness, more recent interest has focused on TA1 in severe cases of sepsis and septic shock. Ren and colleagues published a systematic review and meta-analysis in the Frontiers of Immunology in 2022, analyzing 18 randomized controlled trials, including 1787 patients with severe sepsis or septic shock the pooled analysis showed that ta1 administration was associated with reduced 28-day mortality relative risk at 0.70 meaning a 30 reduction in mortality compared to the standard care alone and the effect appeared Dr. Deb Muth 09:39most pronounced in patients with sepsis-induced immunosuppression measured by HLA-DR expression in monocytes. Now, this is amazing because going forward, we’re going to talk about something that’s commonly known as cytokine storm. Now, cytokine storm really became apparent since 2020 with the viral infection that we’re dealing with in the world today. But they were already looking at this kind of cytokine storm produced by sepsis or sepsis-induced immunosuppression. And it triggered this hyperinflammatory response called the cytokine storm. And many patients who survived the initial phase of the immune suppressed stata, characterized by a T cell exhaustion, reduced antigen presentation, and increased susceptibility to secondary infections. Thymusin alpha-1, TA1, may help restore this immune competence in this phase. However, it’s important to note that patient selection and timing are critical. Dr. Deb Muth 10:43Giving this immune stimulant during a hyperinflammatory phase could theoretically worsen outcomes. So you don’t want to give it to them while they’re in the flare up or the sepsis or the infection, but given to them during the immunosuppression phase afterwards might be beneficial. Now there is also some cancer immunotherapy that we see with TA1 and has been studied as an adjunct in cancer treatment with the hypothesis that it could enhance immune surveillance and response to tumors. And a comprehensive review of Garci and colleagues published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy in 2007 examined multiple trials in melanoma, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other malignancies. And the results were mixed. Some trials showed improvement in the immune parameters, increased CD4 in T-cells. improved lymphocyte proliferation responses and some actually showed trends toward improved progression free survival but overall survival benefits were inconsistent and the heterogeneity of the cancer types treatment protocols and outcome measures makes a definitive conclusion difficult as a vaccine adjunct several studies particularly from china have examined ta1 as an adjunct to enhance vaccine responses Dr. Deb Muth 12:11in immune-compromised populations, including the elderly, dialysis patients, and transplant recipients. The rationale is sound. These populations often mount suboptimal antibody responses to vaccines, and TA1’s immune-enhancing effects might improve protection. There are small trials. They have shown improvement in seroconversion rates of hepatitis B vaccines and influenza vaccine in these populations. And though large-scale confirmatory studies are limited, there is a possibility here. Now, on their safety profile, one of the appealing aspects of thymusin alpha-A TA1 is that it’s apparently favorable safety profile in clinical trials. There are some injection site reactions with a little redness, a mild discomfort, and most commonly reported adverse effects. is that their severe adverse events attributable to TA1 have been rare in published trials. However, comprehensive long-term safety data are limited Dr. Deb Muth 13:13And theoretically, concern exists that immune modulation could potentially trigger or exasperate autoimmune conditions in susceptible individuals. Though this hasn’t been clearly demonstrated in clinical trials, integrative medicine considerations for integrative practitioners concerning the thymus and alpha-1, several factors require careful thought. First, sourcing and quality control are critical concerns. Since it’s not FDA approved, TA1 available in the United States typically will come from a compounding pharmacy or an international supplier with variable quality assurance. And pharmaceutical grade product with certificates of analysis showing purity, sterility, and endotoxin testing is essential, but it is readily available from many of these companies. Second, patient selection matters immensely. TA1 should be considered in complex cases where conventional approaches have been insufficient, such as chronic viral infections not responding adequately Dr. Deb Muth 14:21to standard antivirals, post-viral syndromes with evidence of immune dysfunction, cancer patients with immune suppression in consultation with oncology, and it should generally be avoided in active autoimmune disease unless there’s a compelling rationale and close monitoring. Now, TA1 is not a standalone therapy. In cases of chronic viral infection, Comprehensive immune support includes addressing nutritional deficiencies, optimizing vitamin D levels to be between 50 and 80, adequate zinc, selenium, and vitamin A, optimizing gut health since 80% of our immune function is in the gut, you need to optimize gut function. Managing stress from the HPA access dysfunction, chronic cortisol elevation, suppression, and immunity, ensuring adequate sleep, immune memory consolidations during sleep, addressing any metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance, repairs in the immune function, and the bottom line on thymus and alpha-1 is Dr. Deb Muth 15:26is that it represents legitimate medicine in other countries with a substantial evidence base in specific contexts, but it remains experimental in the U.S., and practitioners using it should provide comprehensive, informed consent about its regulatory status, evidence quality, and source verification. while ensuring it’s part of comprehensive protocols. It is not a magic bullet. And again, what you’re gonna hear me say quite often here is that many of these peptides should be used in conjunction with something else. They should not be used alone. And can peptides be stacked? The answer is yes, they can. So if somebody has an insulin resistance, or a metabolic dysfunction, they can tier TA1 with a GLP-1 like terzepatide or semiglutide. That is not a problem to do that. You need to just work with a practitioner that understands how to do that effectively. So let’s look at BPC-157. Dr. Deb Muth 16:26This is a phenomenon I love BPC-157. Let’s separate it from marketing to actual mechanism of actions here. So BPC-157 stands for Body Protection Compound 157. It is a chain of 15 amino acids that are described as a partial sequence of body protection compound, a protein found in human gastric juice. It has become one of the most hyped peptides in regenerative medicine inside the athletic performance and biohacking communities with claims ranging from healing tendons and ligaments to repairing gut lining or reversing organ damage. The challenge is separating the legitimate mechanisms of science from the marketing hype. The proposed mechanism of BPC-157 are biologically plausible and intriguing. The research suggests that it may influence several growth factor pathways, including vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF, which promotes new blood vessel formation and has improved better supply of blood flow to injured tissues, theoretically accelerating healing. Dr. Deb Muth 17:40It may also affect fibrous blast growth factor, FGF, and transforming growth factor beta, TGF beta pathways. both involved in tissue repair and remodeling. And some studies actually suggest that BPC-157 modulates inflammatory cascades, potentially reducing excessive inflammation while promoting the resolution phase that allows tissue rebuilding. Now I want to talk just a few moments here about these different tests that we’re talking about tgf beta veg f for those of you who are in our mold world you are very familiar with these uh lab tests we do this to see if you have a mold exposure what’s happening to your body and it’s been very challenging to try to heal this part of the mold illness and manipulate these VEGFs and TGF betas. And so with the fact that BPC helps us modulate this inflammatory cascade, BPC can be very helpful in the world of mold or mycotoxin illness in repairing those parts of the body that have been damaged by the mycotoxins. Dr. Deb Muth 18:48Now there is animal research on BPC-157. It is extensive and primarily from a research group led by pre-drag, oh, I can never say these names, Cyrek at the University of Zagreb in Croatia. Published studies in animal models have shown accelerated healing in a remarkable variety of injury types. A 2011 paper by Chang and colleagues in the Journal of Applied Physiology demonstrated that BPC-157 improved therapy tendon healing in rats with Achilles tendon injuries, and the treated rats showed increased tendon outgrowth, better cell survival in the injured area, enhanced cell migration to the injury site, and improved biochemical strength of the healed tendon compared to controls. Multiple other animal studies have shown similar promising effects. Ligament tears, healing faster in rabbits, muscle damage recovering more quickly in rodent models, gastric ulcers healing in rats given experimental induced ulcerations, inflammatory bowel lesions improving in mouse models of colitis, and even bone to tendon healing showing enhancement in animal studies. Dr. Deb Muth 20:02The breadth of injury types showing benefit in preclinical models explains the enthusiasm of this peptide. However, this is critical. These animal studies, primarily in rodents and rabbits, animal models of injury healing don’t reliably translate to human clinical outcomes. And the doses used in these animal studies when converted to human equivalent doses vary widely. And optimal human dosing is completely unknown at this point. it is all considered experimental and perhaps most importantly there are essentially no peer-reviewed controlled clinical trials in human published in humans published in major medical journals in a 2001 review of arthroscopy and the journal of arthroscopic and related surgery specifically examined in the evidence of bpc 157 and other peptides in musculoskeletal medicine The authors concluded bluntly that BPC-157 lacks evidence from randomized controlled trials and has an unknown safety profile in humans. Dr. Deb Muth 21:09 They emphasized that the jump from animal data to recommending peptides for humans use bypasses the fundamental requirement for Phase I safety studies, Phase II dose-finding studies, and Phase III efficacy trials that would establish whether BPC-157 actually works in humans and whether or not it’s safe. The absence of human safety data is particularly concerning given BPC-157’s proposed mechanisms. Peptides that influence growth factor signaling and angiogenesis could theoretically have off-target effects. Uncontrolled angiogenesis, for instance, is a hallmark of cancer progression. Tumors require blood vessel formation to grow beyond a certain size. And while there’s no evidence that BPC 157 promotes cancer, The complete absence of long term human safety studies means we simply don’t know. This isn’t fear mongering. It’s acknowledging uncertainty and uncertainty exists and understanding that if you’re choosing to use peptides like BPC 157, you are doing it in an experimental model. Dr. Deb Muth 22:17We’re experimenting with the doses that are being used. And there is potential for it to cause cancer cells in your body to grow. And you need to be aware of this and understand the risks that you’re taking when you’re using an investigational or off label use peptide. Now, quality control issues with BPC also exist. It’s not FDA approved for any indication in the US. It’s not approved in any major regulatory jurisdiction worldwide. It’s marketed as a research chemical explicitly to bypass FDA oversight. And commercial sources selling BPC-157 range from compounding pharmacies, which have some quality standards but are not FDA inspected. You can take that for what you want to believe on that one. to overseas suppliers operating with absolutely no quality assurance whatsoever. If you are choosing to use BPC-157, you have to understand who’s manufacturing it for you, where you are getting it from, how pure it is. Dr. Deb Muth 23:26You want to make sure that you have the certificate of analysis and that it does not contain bacterial endotoxins that can contaminate the peptide or degrade the peptide and cause other issues for you. So when you talk about peptides with patients regarding BPC-157 or if you’re listening to this and you’re already using BPC-157 or other peptides, that are quote-unquote not for human consumption, an evidence-based response acknowledges both the appeal and the limitations. And you want to talk about the animal data that’s definitely showing some progress and some potential, but we don’t know what we don’t know in humans. If people are willing to take that risk, that is up to them to do that. But using BPC right now is experimental and people need to be aware of that. Are there evidence-based alternatives for patients with tendon or ligament injuries? Dr. Deb Muth 24:26And there are. There’s PRP, which has been studied in multiple randomized controlled trials. for conditions like lateral epicondylitis, tennis elbow, Achilles issues, patellar issues, knee issues. However, I want to caution you on this too. So the study that was done by Cox and colleagues in muscles, ligaments, and tendons in the Journal of 2014 showed modest benefits in pain and function compared to controls. And though the effects vary by injury type, PRP preparations can be helpful. You have to understand that a lot of times when people are doing PRP injections in their office, they are not doing it exactly the same way it was done in the study. And not to mention, if you’re using your own PRP to heal a ligament or a tendon or help your arthritis and you’re 60 or 70 years old, That is not good quality protein rich plasma. It is old protein rich plasma. And you’re not going to see necessarily the same benefits that you would see if you were using placental tissue or umbilical tissue. Dr. Deb Muth 25:33You also want to address the nutritional deficiencies or support that’s needed for connective tissue healing. And these are collagen peptides dosed at 15 grams a day. And this has been shown in a study by Shaw and colleagues in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 2017 to augment collagen synthesis when combined with intermittent loading. Vitamin C is also an essential cofactor for collagen production and stabilization of collagen structure at a dose of around 500 to 1000 milligrams a day to support this process. You also need to have good adequate intake of copper and zinc. These are cofactors in collagen. Silica is also important. This comes from horsetail extract. This provides additional support as well. So more importantly, I think remembering that rehabilitation matters as well. Doing these protocols without doing some rehab is not going to get you where you want to go. Dr. Deb Muth 26:33There’s a research study by Alfredson and others for Achilles tendinopathy using the control lengthening of muscle tendon units under load to promote tendon remodeling and healing. These protocols have solid evidence and cost nothing beyond professional guidance from a physical therapist. They are important for patients seeking cutting edge regenerative approaches. Stem cell therapies, growth factors, concentrates derived from patients’ own tissues like PRP. These have a lot of good endogenous materials and they have good safety profiles. BPC-157 represents the perfect example of how promising Preclinical science gets marketed far beyond the evidence and it may eventually prove to be valuable. I think it will. But right now that determination does require some human studies and hopefully with the administration that we have right now and Bobby Kennedy, we will actually start to see some of that occur. Now the next peptide I want to talk about is TB4, thymus and beta-4. Dr. Deb Muth 27:36This is a wound healing peptide. It is a 43 amino acid peptide that’s naturally present in virtually all human cells except red blood cells. It’s actually one of the most abundant peptides in the human body, particularly concentrated in blood platelets, wound fluid, and many tissues. It’s naturally ubiquity makes it mechanistically interesting. The body wouldn’t produce it in such abundance if it didn’t serve a function. So the primary role of TB4 involves building G-actin. It’s a form of monomeric actin. And it’s structural protein that forms the microfilaments within the cells, providing cellular structure and enabling cell movement. TB4 prevents from F-actin filaments. I’m not going to talk too much about this. It’s really critical for wound healing as cells need to migrate into the injury sites. Dr. Deb Muth 28:37so the cell shape changes and the cellular response to the injury. So think of this as though you tore your meniscus and the body created all this TB4 to come to that injury to try to heal that site. That’s exactly what the TB4 is doing inside the body when there’s an injury. It’s been shown in research to help produce new blood vessel formation, promote endothelial cells, It helps modulate inflammatory cytokines, potentially reducing TNF-alpha, IL-1, and possibly protecting in programmed cell death, which we call apoptosis. And some studies suggest that it is cardioprotective in its effects in animal models of myocardial infarction, so heart attack, and neuroprotective in other models for brain injury. Now, these remain to be preliminary, but they are being seen. So the regulatory status on TB4 can create some confusion. Dr. Deb Muth 29:40The natural TB4 molecule itself is not FDA approved as a drug. However, TB4 based drug candidates called RGN259, formerly TB4, has been in the development by regen tree for corneal injuries of the dry eye disease. And as of recent updates, this drug is completed phase three trials for its neurotrophic keratopathy, severe corneal condition. But the FDA approval is still pending. So that means that the most advanced TB4-based pharmaceuticals hasn’t yet crossed the finish line for approval. The commercial peptide market further muddies the picture with TB500, which is often described as the synthetic fragment of TB4. However, this extract’s relationship between TB500 and TB4 varies depending on the source. Dr. Deb Muth 30:41So some claim that TB500 is identical to TB4, but positions 1 through 4 suggest it’s a different fragment. and the quality control across suppliers is not existent. So this confusion is part of why recommending TB500 becomes problematic for practitioners and patients, often because they aren’t certain what molecule they’re actually getting. The evidence base for TB4 in humans is limited, primarily to eye research, and the studies from Sohn’s and colleagues published in journals like Vitamins and Hormones in 2016 have examined topical TB4 for corneal injuries and neurotrophic keratopathy, dry eye, and other surface diseases. Now, these studies showed some promise in promoting this, and there is, however, a topical application to the cornea that is vastly different from a systemic injection. So for systemic use in wound healing, musculoskeletal issues, Dr. Deb Muth 31:42cardiac protection, neuroprotection, human clinical trials. There is scarce to non-existent evidence in humans. Most of the evidence remains in animal models or cell culture studies. And a review by Flip and colleagues in the Journal of Investigational Dermatology in 2006 detailed TB4’s effects on the matrix remodeling during wound repair in animal models, showing effects on collagen disposition, granulation, tissue reformation, and wound contraction. Another review by Ho and colleagues in expert opinion on biological therapy in 2007 discussed TB4’s potential in tissue regeneration and regenerative medicine, but noted the field remained largely blank. preclinical. So this is really important again to understand that there is just not enough human data. So there is a concern with cell division and migration. This theoretically exists Dr. Deb Muth 32:45for the potential effects on cancer cells, which would also rely on migration and division and other intended consequences of disrupting normal cellular architecture. These aren’t proven risks, but they are unexplored questions that we need to be aware of when we’re using peptides. This can cause cancerous tissue to grow. Very similar to what we talked about with BPC-157. These are also sold as research chemicals. There is no FDA oversight. So purity, potency, contaminations all still exist for these peptides. Now from an integrative perspective, the natural presence of TB4 in wound fluid and its biological roles in healing are legitimate science. in presence does not equal therapeutic utility. The body tightly regulates where and when and how much TB4 is present through natural production and bypassing that regulation with external dosing may or may not cause us to have beneficial or introduce risk. Dr. Deb Muth 33:49So we need to know that this is experimental use. Those people who are seeking wound healing and tissue repair the evidence-based approach of the body’s own capacity to heal is huge definitely want to be increasing your protein intake optimizing your zinc copper vitamin c and vitamin a and then managing glucose is really important during this time as well so let’s talk about a fun topic now and that’s growth hormone secretagogues this is the anti-aging hype machine these peptides in this category are things like semoralin ipameralin cjc 1220 1295 and others and among the most aggressively marketed in anti-aging and longevity medicine they all share a common goal stimulating the pituitary gland to release more growth hormone and the appeal is understandable. GH levels decline with age, and this decline is associated with increased fat mass, decreased lean muscle, reduced bone density, and other aspects of aging. Dr. Deb Muth 34:55The other times we’ll see growth hormone levels decline significantly is with chronic illness, and the logic is to restore youthful GH levels and youthful physiology. Now, semirelin from an FDA approved diagnostic to compound anti-aging product. Semirelin is a 29 amino acid peptide representing the first 29 amino acids of the full 44 amino acid human growth releasing hormone, GHRH. We talked about this on another episode of the podcast. And you can go back and listen to that one a little bit if you want. This fragment contains the complete biological activity of the full GHRH molecule and it binds to GHRH receptors in the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth releasing peptides, growth hormone releasing peptides. Semirelin was previously FDA approved as diagnostic testing of growth hormone secretion, essentially, to determine if the pituitary could still respond to GHRH stimulation in patients being evaluated for growth hormone deficiency. Dr. Deb Muth 36:06However, the manufacturer was discontinued and there was no longer an FDA approved semirelin product on the market in the United States. What exists now is semirelin available from compounding pharmacies used off label for anti-aging, body composition, and general growth hormone optimization purposes. This represents a significant gray area. Again, compounding medications serve a very important role, but they need to meet certain recommendations and regulations, as we’ve talked about in the past. You want to make sure that your compounding pharmacy that you’re obtaining semirelin from is qualified to do that, that they are doing best practices, and that you’re getting a good product. The theoretical advantage to semirelin over direct growth hormone administration is that it preserves more of the physiological growth hormone secretion patterns. Natural GH is released in pulses, primarily during sleep, not as a continuous elevation. Dr. Deb Muth 37:07So semirelin stimulates the pulses rather than providing a constant super physiological growth hormone level. And that pulsatile pattern is thought to reduce some of the side effects and metabolic concerns that we have with continuous growth hormone exposure. However, the evidence supporting semirelin for anti-aging and body composition in healthy adults is minimal. Most of the data comes from studies conducted in the 1990s when the FDA approved product existed. Not that that means it’s bad. We have drugs that have been in the market for over a hundred years that are still there, that still have the research and are still being used successfully and safely today. So we don’t want to let that really make us think that this product isn’t safe. So a 2006 review from Walker in Clinical Interventions of Aging suggested that semirelin might be a better approach than direct GH for adult onset growth hormone insufficiency, but they do acknowledge that the evidence was limited. Dr. Deb Muth 38:12And although we don’t have any large scale trials that we can examine for semirelin’s efficacy, it is now commonly prescribed. And the optimal dosing for anti-aging purposes is still unknown. It is considered experimental and it does vary from person to person, but it is still unstudied. The effects on cancer risk, cardiovascular disease, metabolic dysfunction over long time periods are also still unknown. I would argue that the side effects or the risk factors of not having growth hormone are equally as bad as the unknowns that we have here. We’re not looking to try to get super physiological doses. We’re trying to restore youthful GH levels. Typically, we’re not trying to restore back to a 20-year-old. We’re trying to restore back maybe 10 years. That is a better way of doing this. And I think that’s important for people to understand. Now, ipamirelin is the ghrelin mimicker. Dr. Deb Muth 39:12Ipamirelin is a pent-up peptide, five amino acid, that acts as a growth hormone secretagogue receptor, a GHS-R agonist. It mimics the action of ghrelin, the hunger hormone, that also stimulates growth hormone release. The proposed advantage over earlier secretagogues is that ipamirelin stimulates growth hormone release without significantly affecting cortisol, prolactin, or other glucose things, which can be increased by growth hormone secretagogues. The regulatory status is clear. Ipamirelin is not FDA approved for any indication. It’s sold as a research chemical. Human evidence is thin. It’s limited to single dose studies examining how quickly it’s absorbed and metabolized with minimal data on dosing and clinical outcomes. Now there are marketing claims for ipamirelin and they are extensive. Dr. Deb Muth 40:13It increases lean muscle mass, it decreases body fat, it improves sleep quality, faster recovery from workouts, enhanced injury healing, better skin quality. The evidence supporting these claims in humans is not available we don’t have it these are claims that are made by the effects that we know from growth hormone so it’s not necessarily a bad thing we know what growth hormone does we know growth hormone does all of these things if ipamorelin is a precursor to that it will obviously help improve those things making that correlation of what growth hormone does So there are safety concerns that mirror the same as any other growth hormone elevating therapy. It can cause fluid retention, joint pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and theoretically, can it increase calcium? cancer risks? It can because IGF-1 promotes cell proliferation and can inhibit apoptosis in cancer cells. Now remember, your body makes IGF-1. Dr. Deb Muth 41:15If it’s not making enough of it, that’s a problem. If it’s making too much of it, That’s a problem. So just understand that if you are adding these things, and especially in elevated doses, you are taking a potential risk. So there is also now CJC 1295 is a modified GHRH analog of 30 amino acid peptide based on GHRH structure, but with modifications. So it includes the addition of drug affinity complex, DACC, DAC, which involves conjugation with a small albumin binding molecule, dramatically extends the peptide’s half-life from minutes to as much as potentially a week or more. And this creates sustained growth hormone elevation rather than that pulsatile release. There are actually two versions of this. There’s CJC 1295 with DAC, longer acting version, and CJC 1295 without DAC, which is essentially a shorter duration of semirelin. Dr. Deb Muth 42:19And so when we’re comparing products, it is… only the difference between long acting and short acting. The human evidence for CJC 1295 is limited to a single published phase one study by Techman and colleagues in the Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism in 2006. And the study involves 18 healthy young adults showed that CJC 1295 with DAC produced a sustained elevation of GH and IGF-1 lasting several days after the injection. That’s essentially the entire published human evidence of this peptide. There are no phase two studies examining optimal dose. So that is all considered experimental. And there is no phase three studies examining clinical efficacy. So the sustained GH levels created by CJC 1295 with DAC raises specific concerns because the natural GH secretion It goes up and down, up and down, up and down. Dr. Deb Muth 43:19And that constant elevation may have a different metabolic and cellular effect. And we just really don’t know what that’s going to be yet. So we can understand that elevated IGF-1 levels can theoretically increase cancer concerns and metabolic risks. So rather than always injecting peptides, which are very expensive… You can do other things. And there was a study by Hartman and colleagues in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism in 1992 that demonstrated the 48-hour fast increased integrated growth hormone secretion five-fold through increased GH levels. Now, the problem with this is fasting for 48 hours is a challenge. And how long is it going to increase the growth hormone secretion without causing issues? Or in general, how long is it going to go up? Dr. Deb Muth 44:19So we have to be cautious about that as well. Sleep optimization is non-negotiable. The majority of growth hormone secretion occurs during sleep, slow wave sleep, typically the first sleep cycle, and poor sleep quality or insufficient sleep typically. can dramatically affect your growth hormone levels. And then high intensity interval training, HIIT resistance training can stimulate growth hormone as well. This was seen in a study by Godfrey and colleagues in sports medicine in 2003 and was examined in exercise-induced growth hormone responses to athletes. So we definitely see these kinds of things. So let’s talk about some longevity peptides now. These expand the telomere. So there’s epitalin and epithalamin and when these are used in anti-aging they can produce some amazing results. Dr. Deb Muth 45:22So epitalin is a synthetic terapeptide, just four amino acids. It was originally synthesized as a simplified version of epithalamine. a pineal gland extract containing multiple peptides. The synthetic four amino acid version was created to isolate what researchers believed might be the active anti-aging component. The mechanism produced for epitalin centers on telomere and telomerase, Telomeres are protective caps at the end of the chromosomes consisting of repetitive DNA sequencing. And every time a cell divides, telomeres shorten slightly because DNA polymers cannot fully replicate the ends of the linear chromosomes. So this progressive shortening acts as a molecular clock. After 50 or 70 divisions, the telomeres become critically short, triggering a cellular senescence. Dr. Deb Muth 46:22This telomere shortening is one mechanism of cellular aging and telomeres in the enzyme that can rebuild telomeres by adding these caps back onto the end of the chromosome. It’s active in stem cells, germ cells, and unfortunately in about 85 to 90% of the cancer cells. In most adult somatic cells, telomerase is inactive or present at very low levels, allowing the telomeres to shorten with division. The research on epitalin suggests it might activate this telomeres act telomeres process primarily from a research group led by Vladimir in Russia. Vladimir Kavasan in Russia. He is a huge peptide researcher or was he passed away with publications dating back to the early 2000s and a study published in bio gerontology in 2000 by Kavasan Dr. Deb Muth 47:25and colleagues examined the effect of epitalin on the lifespan of fruit flies, and they treated fruit flies that showed a modest increase in mean and maximum lifespan compared to its controls by approximately 10 to 15% lifespan extension in some experimental groups. And there were other studies in 2003 that examined epitalamine in a female Swiss-derived mouse. This was done by Ann Simove and colleagues. And the researchers reported that epitalin treatment was associated with increased lifespan as well. And the most cited mechanistic work comes from cell culture studies. And that is also Cavason’s group that published this research in 2003, showing increased telomeres activity in cultured somatic cells again. More recently, between 20 and 25, the series of publications have continued to explore epithelial effects on telomere dynamics in cell cultures. Dr. Deb Muth 48:32So there is a lot of research that’s been done. The mass majority has been done on epithelin. And most of it has been done by a single research group in Russia. There is some restrictions on some of the cell culture data that we’re seeing. And it does show that epithelin sometimes can be described as a regulating hormone. Carcadian rhythm for melatonin production, which is derived by the penile extracts. And however the evidence for this affects minimally and mechanistically unclear, the pineal gland primarily functions as melatonin secretion in that light-dark cycles. So Epithalin or epitalin is not FDA approved. It is not approved for any major regulatory jurisdiction. It is sold as a research chemical only. Dr. Deb Muth 49:33So you need to follow the same safety profiles that we’ve talked about in other episodes and in today’s episodes. And when we’re talking about epithalin, and we’re excited about it being an anti-aging science, we should balance this with the honesty and the evidence of the quality of that evidence. We don’t know its safety effect. We don’t know if it’s going to increase the risk of cancer. We can’t verify that. And we need to be using it in an experimental use of unknown risks only. Of course, diet, physical activity, stress management, sleep quality, all of those things are important for us to be looking at when we’re looking at these peptides. Now, I want to get into some of the brain peptides. This is the nootrophic frontier. C-Max and C-Lank, there is Russian pharmacology that’s done. C-Max and C-Lank represent an interesting case study in how different regulatory environments and research traditions Dr. Deb Muth 50:36create challenges in evaluating this evidence. Both peptides were developed in Russia, are approved for their specific indications and have substantial Russian language and literature supporting their use. However, the FDA approval in the United States is still not there. C-Max is a seven amino acid. It’s a synthetic analog. It is a fragment, particularly ACTH 4 through 10. It’s sometimes called the melanocortin effects because it involves the melanocortin receptors of the central nervous system. CMAX was developed by the Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russia Academy of Sciences and is approved in Russia for several indications, including acute stroke, transient ischemic attacks, cognitive disorders. It has Russian approval and is based on clinical trials primarily in Russia. Dr. Deb Muth 51:39It does help to increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF, a protein critical for neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to form new connections and adapt to the challenges. BDNF supports neuronal survival and promotes growth of these new neurons. C-Max also influences neurotransmitter systems, particularly dopamine and serotonin, and there is some research that suggests it affects on metabolism as well, and endogenous opioid peptides that involve pain reception and mood regulation. So it has some good potentials there. There is also C-Link, which is a hepatopeptide structurally similar to Tufts’ and an immune modulatory peptide. It was also developed in Russia and was approved for anxiety disorders as a neurotropic. Its effects involve anxiolytic effects, possibly through the GABAnergic system or the GABA system of the brain, and immune modulation. Dr. Deb Muth 52:44The Russian research is examined by C-Link for anxiety disorders. and finding reductions in anxiety without sedation. There is a dependency potential or cognitive impairment does not exist like it does with benzodiazepines with C-Link. So that is really good. And they do report attention and memory improvement using C-Link. There is a study that was done in neuroscience and behavioral psychology in 2018 that examined C-Linx effects and proposed that it exerts cytoprotective effects through BDNF pathways similar to C-Max. So both of these are Russian research-based They’re not wrong or fraudulent. It’s just that they are from Russia and we all have our concerns with Russia. However, that does not necessarily mean their research doesn’t hold quality. Dr. Deb Muth 53:49Neither peptide is approved by the FDA, and so you are using this off-label. The same rules apply for all of the other peptides that we’ve talked about that are produced off label. You want to do the same things that you would do with anything else. Good protein, omegas, B vitamins, acetylcarnitine, exercise, sleep, all of that still applies when we’re using these peptides. So I want to talk briefly about clinical decision and framework when we’re looking at this. First and foremost, we always want to go to FDA-approved peptides. Secondly, we would look at international approval with peptides that are established in other countries but lack FDA approval. And then preclinical evidence only or experimental peptides. These can be used, but they are not ethically recommended in the traditional medicine world. Dr. Deb Muth 54:50 If patients use them, we need to have appropriate counseling about the evidence surrounding them, the safety, and where to find them. how to find them and how to ask for these certificates of analysis. So I think it’s really good that we were exploring all these peptides and understanding what they are. There’s a lot of controversy out there. There’s a lot of concern out there. And what we can say with confidence is that peptides are powerful biological signaling molecules. Some peptide based medications, semi-glutide, triseptide, PT 141, Lupron that are all FDA approved. can dramatically improve outcomes in patients that are obviously selected for the correct ones. There are many other peptides that we address that are integrative and longevity space in the regenerative medicine. These peptides are all experimental. That does not automatically make them wrong. Dr. Deb Muth 55:50It just means that we need to be honest about what we’re doing with them and we need to be cautious with the patients so that they can make a decision to be part of an experimental study. in looking at how to use these peptides. So peptides are tools like any other tools. They work best in the hands of skilled people, and they are applied to appropriate situations, integrating into comprehensive approaches that address root causes. The most powerful peptide administered to a patient with untreated inflammation, hormonal chaos, nutritional deficiencies, and disorders of sleep will disappoint. The simplest evidence-based interventions apply. to a patient whose foundational physiology has been optimized. And this is the art of the science of peptide, right? If done right, respecting both the power of these molecules and the complexity of human beings that we are privileged to serve can make a difference in their lives. So thank you for listening to this episode. Dr. Deb Muth 56:52I hope this was helpful. If you can know of somebody that might benefit from this, please like, share, and subscribe. It means a lot to us. And I hope you join us for our next episode of Let’s Talk Wellness Now. Welcome to Let’s Talk Wellness Now, where we bring expert insights directly to you. Please note that the views and information shared by our guests are their own and do not necessarily reflect those of Let’s Talk Wellness Now, its management, or our partners. Each affiliate, sponsor, and partner is an independent entity with its own perspectives. Today’s content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be considered specific advice, whether financial, medical, or legal. While we strive to present accurate and useful information, we cannot guarantee its completeness or relevance to your unique circumstances. We encourage you to consult with a qualified professional to address your individual needs. Dr. Deb Muth 57:54Your use of information from this broadcast is entirely at your own risk. By continuing to listen, you agree to indemnify and hold Let’s Talk Wellness Now and its associates harmless from any claims or damages arising from the use of this content. We may update this disclaimer at any time and changes will take effect immediately upon posting or broadcast. Thank you for tuning in. We hope you find this episode both insightful and thought-provoking. Listener discretion is advised.The post Episode 258 – Investigational Peptides: What's Promising, What's Hype & What You Must Know first appeared on Let's Talk Wellness Now.

In this first part of what became a two-part conversation, we sat down with anesthesia provider Charles Miller from Scenic City Neurotherapy for a discussion that challenged so many assumptions about ketamine therapy.Charles presents what he calls the "collective lie" in ketamine therapy - the argument that the obsession with psychedelic experiences and mystical insights for a growing segment of providers in our industry is not just misguided, but actually making our patients worse. He walks through the neurobiological evidence showing that the real therapeutic action happens days after treatment during the neuroplasticity window, not during those profound moments when patients feel like they're talking to God or having life-changing realizations.You'll hear Charles critique the research methodologies that seem to support ketamine-assisted psychotherapy, explaining why group averages can mask poor individual outcomes and why the frequently cited KAP studies may actually show lower success rates than standard ketamine protocols. He also shares refreshingly honest advice about starting a clinic - including his decision to open with folding chairs rather than go into debt for impressive furniture.We're also trying something new with this episode: audio sidebars. As we talk, we'll pause to provide additional context about complex concepts like psychoplastogens, research study limitations, and the cutting-edge science behind separating therapeutic effects from psychedelic experiences. Think of these as educational moments designed to help you fully understand and enjoy the episode.This conversation will make you question whether the approaches many of us have been using actually serve our patients - or if we've been chasing the wrong mechanisms entirely.What You'll Learn in This Episode· Charles's entrepreneurial journey - How he started Scenic City Neurotherapy with minimal capital and his advice for keeping overhead low during startup· The "collective lie" concept - Why Charles believes the field's emphasis on ketamine experiences actually reduces treatment success rates· Neuroplasticity mechanisms - Detailed explanation of the NMDA-glutamate-BDNF pathway and why the therapeutic window occurs after, not during, ketamine administration· Psychoplastogens vs psychedelics - Understanding David E. Olson's groundbreaking research on compounds that promote neuroplasticity without hallucinogenic effects· Research methodology critique - Analysis of popular KAP studies and why methodological flaws may be masking poor individual patient outcomes· Evidence-based positioning - How to counter the "ketamine is just anesthesia" criticism with solid neurobiological science· Experience vs neuroplasticity - Why Charles argues that focusing on insights and visions during treatment may be counterproductiveKey Takeaways· Ketamine may function primarily as a psychoplastogen rather than a classic psychedelic, blocking NMDA receptors to trigger neuroplasticity cascades instead of flooding serotonin receptors like traditional psychedelics· The therapeutic neuroplasticity window occur days to weeks after ketamine administration, when BDNF-driven synaptic remodeling takes place, not necessarily during the acute dissociative experience· Research comparing ketamine-assisted psychotherapy to standard protocols could show mixed results, with some studies reporting lower individual response rates despite promising group averages· Providers who overfocus on experiential components during treatment may inadvertently create performance pressure that could reduce patient outcomes and increase perceived treatment failure rates· Startup ketamine clinics might benefit from beginning embarrassingly small with minimal overhead, focusing resources on essential clinical equipment rather than impressive lobbies or furniture· David E. Olson's psychoplastogen research suggests that neuroplastic benefits might be separable from psychedelic experiences, supporting approaches that prioritize physiological mechanisms over experiential componentsEpisode 52 show notes:00:00:00 - Teaser: When Patients Feel They Failed00:00:17 - Introduction and Episode Setup00:02:06 - Charles's Journey into Ketamine Therapy00:04:30 - The Entrepreneurial Leap00:06:00 - Startup Advice: Think Embarrassingly Small00:08:30 - Evolution of the Ketamine Field00:10:00 - The "Collective Lie" Concept Introduction00:12:30 - Neurobiological Mechanisms00:16:30 - Psychoplastogens vs. Psychedelics00:24:00 - David E. Olson's Revolutionary Research00:27:27 - Audio Sidebar: Psychoplastogens & David E. Olson00:30:00 - Research Critique: KAP Study vs Real-World IV Ketamine Data00:34:27 - Episode Wrap-upThanks for listening

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Modern neuroscience confirms something our bodies already know: the brain was designed to move. Physical activity stimulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), improves neuroplasticity, protects the hippocampus, and reduces the risk of cognitive decline. As a neurologist and chiropractor, I see the consequences of inactivity every day—degeneration of joints, loss of balance, neurological slowing, and early dependence on others for basic life functions. The truth is simple: movement is medicine for both the brain and the body.That is why I say, “I'd rather be the oldest person in the gym than the youngest person in the nursing home.” Exercise is not about vanity or appearance—it is about independence. Strength preserves dignity, balance prevents falls, and physical challenge keeps the nervous system alive and adaptable. The gym is not a punishment; it is a commitment to your future self. Train today so that decades from now you can still walk, move, think clearly, and live life on your own terms.Dr. Fred Clary, founder of Functional Analysis Chiropractic Technique and lifting/life coach/ gym-chalk covered philosopher talks about aging well.

Register for a live Q&A with Dr. Tommy Wood on Wednesday, March 25th.Decreased glucose uptake in the brain is often considered a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. But Dr. Tommy Wood asks whether part of that metabolic signature may reflect how little cognitive demand we place on the brain.He sits down with Dr. Dominic D'Agostino for a nuanced conversation on metabolic health and cognitive function.. Dr. Wood is a neuroscientist, neonatal brain injury researcher, and author of The Stimulated Mind.This episode follows the metabolic thread through every stage of brain health. Pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes as predictors of cognitive decline. Neurovascular coupling as the reason heart disease risk factors double as brain disease risk factors. Lactate crossing the blood-brain barrier to drive BDNF production where it actually matters. Creatine as a brain energy distributor that most people still only associate with muscle. Dr. Wood lays out his Three S Model — Stimulus, Supply, Support — and makes the case that cognitive demand drives glucose uptake into the brain the same way muscular contraction drives it into skeletal muscle.Questions Answered in This Episode:Does the brain respond to energy demand the same way skeletal muscle does?What role does creatine play in brain energy distribution, and what do the clinical trials show?Can heavy resistance training produce the same brain-relevant lactate response as HIIT?How should exercise be dosed after a concussion or traumatic brain injury?Is cognitive decline in your 50s, 60s, and 70s actually inevitable, or is that a statistical artifact?Why are pre-diabetes and metabolic syndrome among the strongest predictors of dementia?The mechanistic throughline here is demand-driven metabolism. Dr. Wood makes the case that the same principles governing glucose uptake in skeletal muscle apply to the brain — and the conversation gets into what that means for how we interpret FDG-PET data, design lifestyle interventions, and think about neurodegeneration itself.Find more at DrTommyWood.comSpecial thanks to the sponsors of this episode:✅ Fatty15 – Get 15% off a 90-day Starter Kit with code METABOLICLINK here✅ Troscriptions – Get 10% off your first order with code METABOLICLINK here✅ Toups and Co – Get 15% off your first order with code METABOLIC here✅ ZocDoc - Find and instantly book a top-rated doctor hereIn every episode of The Metabolic Link, we'll uncover the very latest research on metabolic health and therapy. If you like this episode, please share it, subscribe, follow, and leave us a comment or review on whichever platform you use to tune in!You can find us on all your major podcast players here and full episodes are also up on our Metabolic Health Summit YouTube channel!Find us on social: Instagram Facebook YouTube LinkedIn Please keep in mind: The Metabolic Link does not provide medical or health advice, but rather general information that does not serve as a substitute for a licensed healthcare professional. Never delay in seeking medical advice from an appropriately licensed medical provider for any health condition that you may have.

Send a textIn this episode, Dr. Porter breaks down the neuroscience behind why your brain is not built for modern life — and what to do about it. From the glymphatic system that washes your brain during sleep, to the voltage drop that leads to dementia, to the 2 PM cortisol trough that kills your afternoon — this conversation will change how you think about your brain forever.​In this conversation, you'll learn:◼️ Why your brain shrinks ¾ inch overnight◼️ How drinking coffee before 10 AM shuts down your dopamine and cortisol production◼️ The "glymphatic system" discovery: how deep sleep literally washes your brain clean◼️ Brain voltage explained: 18.1V at birth → below 7V = dementia → below 4V = Alzheimer's◼️ The Google/Microsoft study where a 20-min BrainTap session at 2 PM boosted output by 26%◼️ Why "grind culture" is neuroscience backwards — and what high performers actually do◼️ His dad's alcoholism origin story and how it led to the Silva Method breakthrough◼️ BDNF: the "Miracle-Gro for the brain" you trigger 10 minutes after exercise◼️ MIT's discovery that your body absorbs light codes from distant star systems — run through DNA◼️ The heart transplant patient who started craving KFC — and what it proves about cellular memory◼️ Alarm clocks, melatonin timing, and the liver-cleaning window between 11 PM–12 AM◼️ Why stressed mice outlived comfortable ones (and what that means for your daily habits)◼️ The "pause, break, breathe" technique that Einstein and top performers use before answering​

View This Week's Show NotesStart Your 7-Day Trial to Mobility CoachJoin Our Free Weekly Newsletter: The AmbushWhat if the biggest predictor of dementia isn't your genes — but your metabolic health?In this episode, neuroscientist and performance coach Dr. Tommy Wood reveals why blood sugar regulation and blood pressure are more powerful predictors of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline than amyloid plaques or even genetics like ApoE4.For decades, Alzheimer's has been framed as either a genetic lottery or the inevitable buildup of amyloid in the brain. But emerging research shows that metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance, and vascular health may play a far greater role in determining long-term brain outcomes.Instead of focusing on fear, this conversation delivers a practical blueprint for building cognitive reserve and “cognitive headroom” — the brain's ability to stay resilient, adaptable, and high-performing as you age.You'll learn why crossword puzzles aren't enough, how high-intensity exercise and resistance training stimulate brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF), why lactate may act like “Miracle-Gro” for your neurons, and how to interpret early warning signs like subjective brain fog.What You'll Learn in This EpisodeWhy Alzheimer's isn't just about amyloid plaquesThe powerful link between blood sugar and cognitive declineHow genetics (like ApoE4) increase risk — but don't seal your fateWhat “cognitive headroom” means and how to build itWhy high-intensity exercise may act as Miracle-Gro for the brainThe surprising role of resistance training in brain healthWhat subjective brain fog might be telling youHow menopause affects cognition — and what's reversibleWhy boredom and focus matter more than we thinkThe kinds of skills you should keep practicing as you ageFor women navigating perimenopause and menopause, Dr. Wood explains what cognitive changes are hormonally driven, what's reversible, and how to protect long-term brain health.Whether your goal is preventing Alzheimer's disease, improving focus and processing speed, or becoming a cognitive “superager,” this episode provides evidence-based strategies to help you build a brain that is robust, metabolically healthy, and built to last.Key Highlights: (00:00) – Brain Health & Cognitive Longevity Intro(00:35) – Brain Evolution & Survival Mechanisms(02:53) – Diabetes & Alzheimer's Disease Link(07:31) – Genetic Risk & Dementia Family History(11:32) – Expanding Brain Capacity & Headroom(15:08) – Cognitive Reserve & Brain Resilience(19:55) – Preventing Age-Related Cognitive Decline(23:00) – Exercise Data for Brain Health(26:16) – Best Exercises for Cognitive Function(35:11) – Amyloid Plaques & Alzheimer's Pathology(38:00) – Amyloid-Targeting Drugs & Treatments(40:31) – Subjective Cognitive Decline Measures(45:04) – Testing & Measuring Brain Performance(49:58) – Menopause & Female Brain Health(56:10) – Aging Brain, Wisdom & Intelligence(1:05:00) – Cognitive Processing Speed & Aging(1:07:07) – Benefits of Boredom for the Brain(1:12:17) – Book Recommendations for Mental GrowthConnect with Dr. Tommy WoodWebsite | Substack | InstagramPre-Order The Stimulated Mind for tons of extra perks!Huge thanks to our sponsors, Momentous, Vitality, and LMNT.

 Whether you feel stuck in your career, your relationship, your friendships, your habits, your overall life, it can feel hopeless. It can feel confusing. It can feel really, really frustrating. In my over 400 conversations with experts on this podcast, the topic of feeling stuck or how to make the right decision or how to get out of a slump comes up so, so often. So I decided to put together the ultimate unstuck toolkit, which covers everything you need from all angles (neuroscience, behavioral patterns, relationship patterns) to help you gain motivation, clarity, and finally feel like you are able to move forward.

Have you ever noticed how quickly your mood can shift… and then blamed yourself for it? Like you should just think more positively or try harder to control your mindset? In this week's episode of The Thin Thinking Podcast, I'm joined by Jenn Trepeck for a conversation that many of you will find incredibly freeing:

Vitamin D testing is vital for tailoring doses to optimize health—but regulators are conducting a campaign to deny coverage; Can magnesium be taken simultaneously with blood pressure meds? Lifelong learning delays Alzheimer's onset by 5 years; Your MRI says you have a bum shoulder—but 99% of people show abnormalities even when they have no discomfort; Saunas can help stave off dementia. 

In this episode, I sit down with neuroscientist Dr. Louisa Nicola to unpack what women actually need to know about Alzheimer's risk, cognitive decline, and long term brain protection. We break down APOE genetics, advanced blood biomarkers that can now detect amyloid and tau with remarkable accuracy, and why brain health is inseparable from metabolic health. Louisa explains how muscle acts as a metabolic sink for glucose, why resistance training and high intensity intervals stimulate BDNF, and how sleep drives the glymphatic system to clear amyloid from the brain. If you want practical tools to assess your personal risk, understand your labs, and build a proactive prevention plan decades before symptoms appear, this conversation is for you. → Leave Us A Voice Message!  Topics Discussed: → What does APOE4 mean for Alzheimer's risk? → Can exercise prevent cognitive decline? → Do blood tests detect early Alzheimer's? → How does perimenopause affect brain health? → Does hormone therapy reduce dementia risk? Sponsored By:  → Timeline | Support your cells and how you age with Mitopure® Gummies from Timeline. Visit https://timeline.com/KELLY and save up to 39% off your Mitopure® Gummies. → Be Well By Kelly Protein Powder & Essentials | Get $10 off your order with PODCAST10 at https://bewellbykelly.com. → Cozy Earth |  Head to https://cozyearth.com and use code BEWELL for up to 20% off. And if you get a post-purchase survey, make sure you tell them you heard about Cozy Earth right here at the Be Well by Kelly podcast.  → LMNT | Get a free 8-count Sample Pack of LMNT's most popular drink mix flavors with any purchase at https://drinklmnt.com/Kelly. Find your favorite LMNT flavor, or share with a friend. Timestamps:  → 00:00:00 - Introduction → 00:01:27 - Mission to end Alzheimer's  → 00:03:28 - Women's rate of Alzheimer's  → 00:04:11 - Alzheimer's overview  → 00:07:44 - Education level & health  → 00:09:57 - Anatomy  → 00:14:16 - Neuroplasticity & glucose  → 00:19:38 - Amyloid-beta → 00:26:41 - LDL Cholesterol → 00:28:36 - Preparing for menopause  → 00:31:30 - Blood testing recommendations  → 00:34:26 - Lifestyle interventions  → 00:39:05 - Nutrition & the MIND diet  → 00:42:19 - Zone 2 vs zone 5 training  → 00:44:36 - Lactic acid  → 00:47:58 - HRT is protective → 00:50:19 - When to test for HRT → 00:51:56 - Testosterone + brain health  → 00:53:40 - Cognitive reserve  → 00:57:12 - Hot flashes  → 00:58:13 - Quick fixes  → 01:00:01 - Brain surgery  → 01:05:38 - The brain code  Show Links: → Function | Own your health for $365 a year. That's a dollar a day. Learn more and join using my link. Visit https://www.functionhealth.com/bewellbykelly and use gift code BEWELL25 for a $25 credit toward your membership Further Listening: → How to Take Control of Your Health in a Toxic Food Landscape | Max Lugavere  Check Out Louisa:  → Instagram  → The Brain Code Check Out Kelly: → Instagram → Youtube → Facebook

Your self-image shapes your decisions, your perspective and your outcomes. And because your self-image is formed from a very young age, it can be difficult to change the habits, thoughts, and patterns that have been ingrained for decades. Today, you're going to learn a proven framework for improving your self-image and overcoming self-doubt.   On this episode of The Model Health Show, our guest is behavioral researcher and educator, Dr. Shadé Zahrai. She's here to share science-backed strategies for shaping your self-image from her new book, Big Trust. You're going to discover how to rewire self-doubt, how to build confidence, and how transforming your self-image can help you reach your potential.   Specifically, we're going to discuss the four inner attributes that could be holding you back, and how to sharpen them to improve your self-esteem, mindset, and overall personal growth. Dr. Shadé is an absolute expert in helping folks break free from the mindset blocks that are holding them back. If you're ready to take control of your inner world so you can improve your relationships, decision making, and more, this episode is for you. Enjoy!    In this episode you'll discover:  The connection between confidence and well-being. (3:29)  Why you need to take action to develop confidence. (3:49)  What self-image is. (8:21)  The truth about changing your personality. (10:58)  What the most common self-doubt is, and where it originates from. (13:10)   Four main signs that you struggle with self-acceptance. (15:51)  How having a creative hobby can help improve your self-esteem. (18:57)  The power in simply delaying a decision. (29:51)   What imposter syndrome is and how to reframe it. (37:26)  How pursuing discomfort can activate BDNF. (43:18)  Why comparison can be a sign that you struggle with agency. (47:31)  What autonomy is and how it relates to self-doubt. (59:13)  How microdosing hard things can get you out of your comfort zone. (1:05:05)   Signs you might be struggling with adaptability. (1:15:37) Items mentioned in this episode include:  Organifi.com/Model - Use the coupon code MODEL for 20% off + free shipping!  DrinkLMNT.com/model -  Get a FREE sample pack of electrolytes with any order!  Big Trust by Dr. Shadé Zahrai - Order your copy of the book today!   The Doubt Profille - Discover your doubt profile & what it's costing you!    Connect with Dr. Shadé Zahrai Website / Instagram / Facebook / YouTube     Be sure you are subscribed to this podcast to automatically receive your episodes:   Apple Podcasts  Spotify  Soundcloud  Pandora  YouTube     This episode of The Model Health Show is brought to you by Organifi and LMNT.   Organifi makes nutrition easy and delicious for everyone. Take 20% off your order with the code MODEL at organifi.com/model.  Head to DrinkLMNT.com/model to claim a FREE sample pack of electrolytes with any purchase. 

In this episode of Barbell Shrugged, Doug Larson is joined by longtime co-host Travis Mash and new co-host Dr. Mike Lane for a return visit from one of the show's most popular guests, Dr. Tommy Wood. Tommy breaks down the core thesis of his new book, The Stimulated Mind (releasing March 24), which uses dementia prevention as the headline but is really about boosting cognition at every stage of life. The crew sets the tone early: brain health is not "old people stuff," it's performance, learning, and resilience, built daily through how you live and how you train. Tommy makes the case that "optimization" only works when it fits real life, and that the brain adapts like the body: sleep, nutrition, and exercise support it, but you still have to "train the brain" with demanding learning and skills. He outlines a practical learning dose-response, roughly 30–90 minutes of deep challenge per session, 2–3 times per week as a sweet spot for consolidation, while acknowledging the power of daily touchpoints for habit formation (Doug's Duolingo streak and the "don't break the chain" approach). From there, they go deep on exercise modalities and cognition: aerobic work and interval training improving hippocampal function (memory), high-intensity work potentially driving brain benefits through lactate → local BDNF, and coordinative/open-skill sports (racket sports, dancing, martial arts) producing outsized brain returns for the same physical strain. The conversation closes with a fast but important run through risk, genetics, and lifestyle: Tommy explains ApoE4 as a risk multiplier that's highly environment-dependent, amplifying bad inputs (inflammation, poor metabolic health) but also amplifying the benefits of doing the basics well. They hit the big nutrition levers for cognition; omega-3s, key B vitamins (methylation), vitamin D, iron, plus polyphenol-rich foods (berries, cocoa, coffee/tea), and squash the common "red wine" rationalization by emphasizing net outcomes (sleep and brain volume matter). Finally, Tommy emphasizes the under-rated keystone: social connection and pro-social behavior, arguing that the Mediterranean "diet" is really a Mediterranean lifestyle, and that isolation can erase many of the benefits of even a perfect nutrition plan. Links: Doug Larson on InstagramCoach Travis Mash on Instagram  

Consistently moving your body in a way that you enjoy is the best route to optimal health. However, in recent years emerging science has shown the benefits that sprint training can have on human health. On this episode of The Model Health Show, you're going to learn about the science of sprinting.  Today's guest, Cynthia Monteleone is a 400-meter world champion masters sprinter and decathlete who ran her fastest times in her 40s. Cynthia is also a metabolic practitioner who works with clientele ranging from Olympians to everyday folks. She is an expert on sprinting over 40, and on today's show she's sharing the top 10 reasons why sprinting is better than endurance training for longevity.  You're going to learn how sprinting can affect everything from your gut health to your heart health, the best ways to burn fat, and more. Cynthia is also sharing her personal experience becoming an athlete during midlife and how beginners can start sprint training. Cynthia's message is that it's never too late to empower yourself to reach your goals, and I hope this episode resonates with you!   In this episode you'll discover:  The top ten reasons why sprinting is better than endurance training for longevity. (2:43) How endurance training impacts gut health. (4:50)  The link between sprinting and BDNF production. (5:18) How sprinting impacts fat burning. (7:57) Why sprinting can aid in heart health. (13:18) What dynapenia is. (25:08) How Cynthia became a world champion masters sprinter. (29:23) What Cynthia eats to support her neurotransmitters. (34:45) How beginners can build up to sprinting. (45:05) Which strength training exercises are best for sprinters. (45:57) How to improve your form and breathing while sprinting. (53:34)  Items mentioned in this episode include:  Organifi.com/Model - Use the coupon code MODEL for 20% off + free shipping! Fast Over 40 by Cynthia Monteleone - Check out Cynthia's book here! Connect with Cynthia Monteleone Website / Shop / Instagram  Be sure you are subscribed to this podcast to automatically receive your episodes:   Apple Podcasts  Spotify  Soundcloud  Pandora  YouTube    This episode of The Model Health Show is brought to you by Organifi. Organifi makes nutrition easy and delicious for everyone. Take 20% off your order with the code MODEL at organifi.com/model.