Podcasts about Connectome

The number of neurons in the human brain is comparable to the number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy. Unlike the stars, however, in the case of neurons the real action is in how they are directly connected to each other: receiving signals over synapses via their dendrites, and when appropriately triggered, sending signals down the axon to other neurons (glossing over some complications). So a major step in understanding the brain is to map its wiring diagram, or connectome: the complete map of those connections. For a human brain that's an intimidatingly complex challenge, but important advances have been made on tinier brains. We talk with Jeff Lichtman, a leader in brain mapping, to gauge the current state of progress and what it implies.Support Mindscape on Patreon.Blog post with transcript: https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/2024/12/09/298-jeff-lichtman-on-the-wiring-diagram-of-the-brain/Jeff Lichtman received an MD/PhD from Washington University in St. Louis. He is currently the Jeremy R. Knowles Professor of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Santiago Ramón y Cajal Professor of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University. He is co-inventor of the Brainbow system for imaging neurons. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences.Web pageLab web siteGoogle Scholar publicationsWikipediaSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

In David's life so far, he has read literally hundreds of books about the future. Yet none has had such a provocative title as this: “The future loves you: How and why we should abolish death”. That's the title of the book written by the guest in this episode, Ariel Zeleznikow-Johnston. Ariel is a neuroscientist, and a Research Fellow at Monash University, in Melbourne, Australia.One of the key ideas in Ariel's book is that so long as your connectome – the full set of the synapses in your brain – continues to exist, then you continue to exist. Ariel also claims that brain preservation – the preservation of the connectome, long after we have stopped breathing – is already affordable enough to be provided to essentially everyone. These claims raise all kinds of questions, which are addressed in this conversation.Selected follow-ups:Dr Ariel Zeleznikow-Johnston - personal websiteBook webpage - includes details of when Ariel is speaking in the UK and elsewhereMonash Neuroscience of ConsciousnessDeep hypothermic circulatory arrest - WikipediaSentience and the Origins of Consciousness - article by Karl Friston that mentions bacteriaList of advisors to ConsciumDoes the UK use £15,000, £30,000 or a £70,000 per QALY cost effectiveness threshold? by Jason ShafrinResearchers simulate an entire fly brain on a laptop. Is a human brain next? - US Berkeley NewsWhat are memories made of? A survey of neuroscientists on the structural basis of long-term memory - Preprint by Ariel Zeleznikow-Johnston, Emil Kendziora, and Andrew McKenzieRelated previous episodes:Ep 91: The low-cost future of preserving brains, with Jordan SparksEp 77: The case for brain preservation, with Kenneth HayworthMusic: Spike Protein, by Koi Discovery, available under CC0 1.0 Public Domain Declaration

Broadcast from KSQD, Santa Cruz on 10-17-2024: Dr. Dawn addresses a listener's question about optimal timing for the consumption of iron, green tea, and nori powder to maximize absorption, recommending timing and supplementation strategies. She responds to a listener's email on the issue of plastic in tea bags and provides resources for finding plastic-free options, while also clarifying misconceptions about microplastics in seaweed and fish. Dr. Dawn celebrates the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine awarded for the discovery of micro RNA, explaining its significance in gene regulation and potential therapeutic applications. She highlights a major neuroscience milestone: the mapping of a fruit fly's brain connectome, discussing its implications for understanding complex behaviors and neural circuits. Dr. Dawn provides comprehensive advice for managing ulcerative colitis, including vitamin D supplementation, CBD, omega-3 fatty acids, and stress reduction techniques. She discusses a study on pythons that could lead to new therapies for heart disease, explaining how the snake's unique cardiac adaptations might inform human treatments. Dr. Dawn introduces the Ronnie Gardner method, a music-based movement therapy showing promise in rehabilitation for stroke and Parkinson's disease patients.

We'd love to hear from you! Send us a text message.In this episode of Discover Daily, hosts Alex and Sienna explore the frontiers of science and technology, from the lingering dangers of World War II bombs to the groundbreaking mapping of a fruit fly's brain. The episode kicks off with a startling incident at Miyazaki Airport in Japan, where a 500-pound U.S. bomb from World War II unexpectedly detonated, creating a large crater and disrupting flights. This event highlights the ongoing challenges Japan faces in dealing with unexploded ordnance, even decades after the war's end.Next, the hosts dive into a monumental achievement in neuroscience - the creation of the first complete map of an adult fruit fly brain. This comprehensive "connectome" reveals the intricate connections between nearly 140,000 neurons and offers unprecedented insights into complex brain function. While fruit flies may seem an unlikely subject, their genetic similarities to humans make them invaluable models for studying neurological disorders and developing targeted therapies.The episode concludes with a mind-boggling discovery in quantum physics that challenges our understanding of time itself. Scientists have found evidence that under certain conditions, photons can seemingly spend a "negative amount of time" passing through a cloud of ultracold atoms. This counterintuitive phenomenon, which appears to show light exiting a material before fully entering it, sheds new light on the bizarre world of quantum mechanics and the fundamental nature of time. Join Alex and Sienna as they unravel these fascinating stories and explore their profound implications for our understanding of the universe.From Perplexity's Discover Feed: https://www.perplexity.ai/page/evidence-of-negative-time-Ut987S07Rl2p3ryWJL_PigPerplexity is the fastest and most powerful way to search the web. Perplexity crawls the web and curates the most relevant and up-to-date sources (from academic papers to Reddit threads) to create the perfect response to any question or topic you're interested in. Take the world's knowledge with you anywhere. Available on iOS and Android Join our growing Discord community for the latest updates and exclusive content. Follow us on: Instagram Threads X (Twitter) YouTube Linkedin

Today's interview is with Leslie Zane, who is the Founder and CEO of Triggers, a brand consulting firm, and an authority on harnessing the instinctive mind to accelerate brand and business growth. Leslie joins me today to talk about her new book, THE POWER OF INSTINCT: The New Rules of Persuasion in Business and Life, why she thinks we have entered the age of instinct, being 10-15 years ahead of Dan Ariely and Daniel Kahnemann, the Brand Connectome™ and growth triggers amongst a bunch of other things. This interview follows on from my recent interview – The customer isn't always right – Interview with Daphne Costa Lopes of Hubspot – and is number 512 in the series of interviews with authors and business leaders who are doing great things, providing valuable insights, helping businesses innovate and delivering great service and experience to both their customers and their employees. NOTE: Today's episode is sponsored by Hubspot who have built an AI-powered customer platform with all the software, integrations, and resources you need to connect your marketing, sales, and customer service. It's all very cool so do check them out at HubSpot.com.

Support the show to get full episodes and join the Discord community. Jovo, as you'll learn, is theoretically oriented, and enjoys the formalism of mathematics to approach questions that begin with a sense of wonder. So after I learn more about his overall approach, the first topic we discuss is the world's currently largest map of an entire brain... the connectome of an insect, the fruit fly. We talk about his role in this collaborative effort, what the heck a connectome is, why it's useful and what to do with it, and so on. The second main topic we discuss is his theoretical work on what his team has called prospective learning. Prospective learning differs in a fundamental way from the vast majority of AI these days, which they call retrospective learning. So we discuss what prospective learning is, and how it may improve AI moving forward. At some point there's a little audio/video sync issues crop up, so we switched to another recording method and fixed it... so just hang tight if you're viewing the podcast... it'll get better soon. 0:00 - Intro 05:25 - Jovo's approach 13:10 - Connectome of a fruit fly 26:39 - What to do with a connectome 37:04 - How important is a connectome? 51:48 - Prospective learning 1:15:20 - Efficiency 1:17:38 - AI doomerism

Support the show to get full episodes and join the Discord community. Welcome to another special panel discussion episode. I was recently invited to moderate at discussion amongst 6 people at the annual Aspirational Neuroscience meetup. Aspirational Neuroscience is a nonprofit community run by Kenneth Hayworth. Ken has been on the podcast before on episode 103. Ken helps me introduce the meetup and panel discussion for a few minutes. The goal in general was to discuss how current and developing neuroscience technologies might be used to decode a nontrivial memory from a static connectome - what the obstacles are, how to surmount those obstacles, and so on. There isn't video of the event, just audio, and because we were all sharing microphones and they were being passed around, you'll hear some microphone type noise along the way - but I did my best to optimize the audio quality, and it turned out mostly quite listenable I believe. Aspirational Neuroscience Panelists: Anton Arkhipov, Allen Institute for Brain Science. @AntonSArkhipov Konrad Kording, University of Pennsylvania. @KordingLab Tomás Ryan, Trinity College Dublin. @TJRyan_77 Srinivas Turaga, Janelia Research Campus. Dong Song, University of Southern California. @dongsong Zhihao Zheng, Princeton University. @zhihaozheng 0:00 - Intro 1:45 - Ken Hayworth 14:09 - Panel Discussion

This podcast is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source. We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time. ■Reference Source https://www.ted.com/talks/sebastian_seung_i_am_my_connectome ■Post on this topic (You can get FREE learning materials!) https://englist.me/218-academic-words-reference-from-sebastian-seung-i-am-my-connectome-ted-talk/ ■Youtube Video https://youtu.be/6fdCl01iXl4 (All Words) https://youtu.be/eieGPxg1kyI (Advanced Words) https://youtu.be/5D_9-QniDIU (Quick Look) ■Top Page for Further Materials https://englist.me/ ■SNS (Please follow!)

In this episode, ImpactVest Founder and CEO Aisha Williams discussed eco-friendly living with Connectome Founder and CEO Cristian Tanase.

Scientists are measuring the activity of neurotransmitters to create a chemical map of the brain.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.03.551869v1?rss=1 Authors: Goldman, J. S., Sacha, M., kusch, l., Destexhe, A. Abstract: Thanks to the availability of connectome data that map connectivity between multiple brain areas, it is now possible to build models of whole brain activity. At the same time, advances in mean-field techniques have led to biologically based population models that integrate biophysical features such as membrane conductances or synaptic conductances. In this paper, we show that this approach can lead to brain-wide models of mouse, macaque, and human. We illustrate this approach by showing the transition from wakefulness to sleep simulated with multi-scale models in the three species. We compare the level of synchrony between the three species and found that the mouse brain displays a higher overall synchrony of slow-waves compared to monkey and human brains. We also make the program code publicly available, which provides a set of open-source tools for simulating large-scale activity in the cerebral cortex of mouse, monkey, and human. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.02.551642v1?rss=1 Authors: Anderson, E. D., Varshney, L. R., Hemmatian, B., Robles-Granda, P. D., Nayak, A. K., Wilcox, R. R., Zwilling, C. E., Kim, B., Barbey, A. K. Abstract: Research in network neuroscience demonstrates that human intelligence is shaped by the structural brain connectome, which enables a globally coordinated and dynamic architecture for general intelligence. Building on this perspective, the network neuroscience theory proposes that intelligence arises from system-wide network dynamics and the capacity to flexibly transition between network states. According to this view, network flexibility is made possible by network controllers that move the system into specific network states, enabling solutions to familiar problems by accessing nearby, easy-to-reach network states and adapting to novel situations by engaging distant, difficult-to-reach network states. Although this framework predicts that general intelligence depends on network controllability, the specific cortical regions that serve as network controllers and the nature of their control operations remain to be established. We therefore conducted a comprehensive investigation of the relationship between regional measures of network controllability and general intelligence within a sample of 275 healthy young adults using structural and diffusion-weighted MRI data. Our findings revealed significant associations between intelligence and network controllers located within the frontal, temporal and parietal cortex. Furthermore, we discovered that these controllers collectively enable access to both easy- and difficult-to-reach network states, aligning with the predictions made by the network neuroscience framework. Additionally, our research demonstrated that the identified network controllers are primarily localized within the left hemisphere and do not reside within regions or connections that possess the highest capacity for structural control in general. This discovery suggests that the identified regions may facilitate specialized control operations and motivates further exploration of the network topology and dynamics underlying intelligence in the human brain. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.29.551086v1?rss=1 Authors: Lin, A., Yang, R., Dorkenwald, S., Matsliah, A., Sterling, A. R., Schlegel, P., Yu, S.-c., McKellar, C. E., Costa, M., Eichler, K., Bates, A. S., Eckstein, N., Funke, J., Jefferis, G. S. X. E., Murthy, M. Abstract: Animal brains are complex organs composed of thousands of interconnected neurons. Characterizing the network properties of these brains is a requisite step towards understanding mechanisms of computation and information flow. With the completion of the Flywire project, we now have access to the connectome of a complete adult Drosophila brain, containing 130,000 neurons and millions of connections. Here, we present a statistical summary and data products of the Flywire connectome, delving into its network properties and topological features. To gain insights into local connectivity, we computed the prevalence of two- and three-node network motifs, examined their strengths and neurotransmitter compositions, and compared these topological metrics with wiring diagrams of other animals. We uncovered a population of highly connected neurons known as the "rich club" and identified subsets of neurons that may serve as integrators or broadcasters of signals. Finally, we examined subnetworks based on 78 anatomically defined brain regions. The freely available data and neuron populations presented here will serve as a foundation for models and experiments exploring the relationship between neural activity and anatomical structure. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.26.550598v1?rss=1 Authors: Dorkenwald, S., Schneider-Mizell, C. M., Brittain, D., Halageri, A., Jordan, C., Kemnitz, N., Castro, M. A., Silversmith, W., Maitin-Shephard, J., Troidl, J., Pfister, H., Gillet, V., Xenes, D., Bae, J. A., Bodor, A. L., Buchanan, J., Bumbarger, D. J., Elabbady, L., Jia, Z., Kapner, D., Kinn, S., Lee, K., Li, K., Lu, R., Macrina, T., Mahalingam, G., Mitchell, E., Mondal, S. S., Mu, S., Nehoran, B., Popovych, S., Takeno, M., Torres, R., Turner, N. L., Wong, W., Wu, J., Yin, W., Yu, S.-c., Reid, R. C., da Costa, N. M., Seung, H. S., Collman, F. Abstract: Advances in Electron Microscopy, image segmentation and computational infrastructure have given rise to large-scale and richly annotated connectomic datasets which are increasingly shared across communities. To enable collaboration, users need to be able to concurrently create new annotations and correct errors in the automated segmentation by proofreading. In large datasets, every proofreading edit relabels cell identities of millions of voxels and thousands of annotations like synapses. For analysis, users require immediate and reproducible access to this constantly changing and expanding data landscape. Here, we present the Connectome Annotation Versioning Engine (CAVE), a computational infrastructure for immediate and reproducible connectome analysis in up-to petascale datasets (~1mm3) while proofreading and annotating is ongoing. For segmentation, CAVE provides a distributed proofreading infrastructure for continuous versioning of large reconstructions. Annotations in CAVE are defined by locations such that they can be quickly assigned to the underlying segment which enables fast analysis queries of CAVE's data for arbitrary time points. CAVE supports schematized, extensible annotations, so that researchers can readily design novel annotation types. CAVE is already used for many connectomics datasets, including the largest datasets available to date. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.05.547828v1?rss=1 Authors: Zhang, X.-H., Anderson, K. M., Dong, H.-M., Chopra, S., Dhamala, E., Emani, P. S., Margulies, D., Holmes, A. J. Abstract: The functional properties of the human brain arise, in part, from the vast assortment of cell types that pattern the cortex. The cortical sheet can be broadly divided into distinct networks, which are further embedded into processing streams, or gradients, that extend from unimodal systems through higher-order association territories. Here, using transcriptional data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas, we demonstrate that imputed cell type distributions are spatially coupled to the functional organization of cortex, as estimated through fMRI. Cortical cellular profiles follow the macro-scale organization of the functional gradients as well as the associated large-scale networks. Distinct cellular fingerprints were evident across networks, and a classifier trained on post-mortem cell-type distributions was able to predict the functional network allegiance of cortical tissue samples. These data indicate that the in vivo organization of the cortical sheet is reflected in the spatial variability of its cellular composition. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.30.547308v1?rss=1 Authors: Aganj, I., Mora, J., Frau-Pascual, A., Fischl, B. R., Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Discovery of the associations between brain structural connectivity and clinical and demographic variables can help to better understand the vulnerability and resilience of the brain architecture to neurodegenerative diseases and to discover biomarkers. METHODS: We used four diffusion-MRI databases, three related to Alzheimer's disease, to exploratorily correlate structural connections between 85 brain regions with non-MRI variables, while stringently correcting the significance values for multiple testing and ruling out spurious correlations via careful visual inspection. We repeated the analysis with brain connectivity augmented with multi-synaptic neural pathways. RESULTS: We found 34 and 37 significant relationships with direct and augmented connectivity, respectively, which were generally stronger for augmented connectivity. Age was consistently linked to decreased connectivity, and healthier clinical scores were generally linked to increased connectivity. DISCUSSION: Our findings help to elucidate which structural brain networks are affected in Alzheimer's disease and aging and highlight the importance of including indirect connections. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.23.546237v1?rss=1 Authors: Akarca, D., Schiavi, S., Achterberg, J., Genc, S., Jones, D., Astle, D. Abstract: Probabilistic generative network models have offered an exciting window into the constraints governing the human connectome's organization. In particular, they have highlighted the economic context of network formation and the special roles that physical geometry and self-similarity likely play in determining the connectome's topology. However, a critical limitation of these models is that they do not consider the strength of anatomical connectivity between regions. This significantly limits their scope to answer neurobiological questions. The current work draws inspiration from the principle of redundancy reduction to develop a novel weighted generative network model. This weighted generative network model is a significant advance because it not only incorporates the theoretical advancements of previous models, but also has the ability to capture the dynamic strengthening or weakening of connections over time. Using a state-of-the-art Convex Optimization Modelling for Microstructure-Informed Tractography (COMMIT) approach, in a sample of children and adolescents (n = 88, aged 8 to 18 years), we show that this model can accurately approximate simultaneously the topology and edge-weights of the connectome (specifically, the MRI signal fraction attributed to axonal projections). We achieve this at both sparse and dense connectome densities. Generative model fits are comparable to, and in many cases better than, published findings simulating topology in the absence of weights. Our findings have implications for future research by providing new avenues for exploring normative developmental trends, models of neural computation and wider conceptual implications of the economics of connectomics supporting human functioning. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.05.539601v1?rss=1 Authors: Schmitt, O., Eipert, P., Wang, Y., Kanoke, A., Rabiller, G., Liu, J. Abstract: Experimental rat models of stroke and hemorrhage are important tools to investigate cerebrovascular disease pathophysiology mechanisms, yet how significant patterns of functional impairment induced in various models of stroke are related to changes in connectivity at the level of neuronal populations and mesoscopic parcellations of rat brains remain unresolved. To address this gap in knowledge, we employed two middle cerebral artery occlusion models and one intracerebral hemorrhage model with variant extent and location of neuronal dysfunction. Motor and spatial memory function was assessed and the level of hippocampal activation via Fos immunohistochemistry. Contribution of connectivity change to functional impairment was analyzed for connection similarities, graph distances and spatial distances as well as the importance of regions in terms of network architecture based on the neuroVIISAS rat connectome. We found that functional impairment correlated with not only the extent but also the locations of the injury among the models. In addition, via coactivation analysis in dynamic rat brain models, we found that lesioned regions led to stronger coactivations with motor function and spatial learning regions than with other unaffected regions of the connectome. Dynamic modeling with the weighted bilateral connectome detected changes in signal propagation in the remote hippocampus in all 3 stroke types, predicting the extent of hippocampal hypoactivation and impairment in spatial learning and memory function. Our study provides a comprehensive analytical framework in predictive identification of remote regions not directly altered by stroke events and their functional implication. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.02.539079v1?rss=1 Authors: Koelle, S., Mastrovito, D., Whitesell, J. D., Hirokawa, K. E., Zeng, H., Meila, M., Harris, J. A., Mihalas, S. Abstract: Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.02.539144v1?rss=1 Authors: Shiu, P. K., Sterne, G. R., Spiller, N., Franconville, R., Sandoval, A., Zhou, J., Simha, N., Kang, C. H., Yu, S., Kim, J. S., Dorkenwald, S., Matsliah, A., Schlegel, P., Yu, S.-c., McKellar, C. E., Sterling, A., Costa, M., Eichler, K., Jefferis, G. S. X. E., Murthy, M., Bates, A. S., Eckstein, N., Funke, J., Bidaye, S. S., Hampel, S., Seeds, A. M., Scott, K. Abstract: Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.25.538320v1?rss=1 Authors: Mach, M., Amico, E., Liegeois, R., Preti, M. G., Griffa, A., Van De Ville, D., Pedersen, M. Abstract: Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.23.533932v1?rss=1 Authors: Misaki, M., Tsuchiyagaito, A., Guinjoan, S. M., Rohan, M. L., Paulus, M. P. Abstract: Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) has been proposed as a potential indicator of repetitive negative thinking (RNT) in depression, while inconsistent findings have been reported. This study utilized connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) to investigate whether RSFC and negative-thinking-state functional connectivity (NTFC) could predict RNT in individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Although RSFC distinguished between healthy and depressed individuals, it did not predict trait RNT (as assessed by the Ruminative Responses Scale-Brooding subscale) in depressed individuals. Conversely, NTFC predicted trait RNT in depressed individuals with significant accuracy, but could not differentiate between healthy and depressed individuals. Connectome-wide analysis revealed that negative thinking in depression was associated with higher FC between default mode and executive control regions, which was not observed in RSFC. Our findings suggest that RNT in depression is associated with an active mental process involving multiple brain regions across functional networks that is not represented in the resting state. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.20.532894v1?rss=1 Authors: Tolle, H., Farah, J. C., Mallaroni, P., Mason, N., Ramaekers, J., Amico, E. Abstract: The emerging neuroscientific frontier of brain fingerprinting has recently established that human functional connectomes (FCs) exhibit fingerprint like idiosyncratic features, which map onto heterogeneously distributed behavioural traits. Here we harness brain fingerprinting tools to extract FC features that predict subjective drug experience induced by the psychedelic psilocybin. Specifically, in neuroimaging data of healthy volunteers under the acute influence of psilocybin or a placebo, we show that, post-psilocybin administration, FCs become more idiosyncratic due to greater inter-subject dissimilarity. Moreover, whereas in placebo subjects idiosyncratic features are primarily found in the frontoparietal network, in psilocybin subjects they concentrate in the default-mode network (DMN). Crucially, isolating the latter revealed an FC pattern that predicts subjective psilocybin experience and is characterised by reduced within-DMN and DMN-limbic connectivity, as well as increased connectivity between the DMN and attentional systems. Overall, these results contribute to bridging the gap between psilocybin-mediated effects on brain and behaviour, while demonstrating the value of a brain-fingerprinting approach to pharmacological neuroimaging. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.18.533301v1?rss=1 Authors: Cao, H., Barber, A., Rubio, J. M., Argyelan, M., Gallego, J., Lencz, T., Malhotra, A. Abstract: The majority of human connectome studies in the literature based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data use either an anterior-to-posterior (AP) or a posterior-to-anterior (PA) phase encoding direction. However, whether and how phase encoding direction would affect test-retest reliability of functional connectome is unclear. Here, in a sample of healthy subjects with two sessions of fMRI scans separated by 12 weeks (two runs per session, one with AP, the other with PA), we tested the influence of phase encoding direction on global and nodal connectivity in the constructed brain networks. All data underwent the state-of-the-art Human Connectome Project (HCP) pipeline to correct for phase-encoding-related distortions before entering analysis. We found that at the global level, the PA scans showed significantly higher intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for global connectivity compared with AP scans, which was particularly prominent when using the Seitzman-300 atlas (versus the CAB-NP-718 atlas). At the nodal level, regions most strongly affected by phase encoding direction were consistently mapped to the cingulate cortex and temporal lobe, with significantly higher ICCs during PA scans compared with AP scans, regardless of atlas. Further, we demonstrated that the observed reliability differences between phase encoding directions may relate to a similar effect on the reliability of temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR) in the same regions (that PA scans were associated with higher reliability of tSNR than AP scans). Averaging the connectivity outcome from the AP and PA scans could slightly, but overall have limited value to boost the ICCs. These results were largely replicated in an independent, public dataset from the HCP-Early Psychosis (HCP-EP) study with a similar design but a much shorter scan session interval. Our findings suggest that phase encoding direction has significant effects on the reliability of connectomic estimates in fMRI studies. We urge that these effects need to be carefully considered in future neuroimaging designs, especially in longitudinal studies such as those related to neurodevelopment or clinical intervention. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

#askanythingaboutportugal #aaawednesday #smarthomesA great day to have your questions answered about Portugal as we are joined by Portugal News writer and Lusophile Douglas Hughes PLUS mastermind of the Herdade Do Meio smart home set-up - Cristian Tanase.Get those questions about Portugal and SMART tech in early and add your voice to the chat throughout the show...Check our UrHome's Herdade Do Meio development and cutting-edge use of technology here - https://herdadedomeio.com/smart-villas/Cristian moved to Portugal in 2019 after 15 years in Ireland where he worked at Apple in a number of roles including the Technology Integration Program, where he collaborated with hardware developers and manufacturers to help build platform differentiating, next generation products.In Portugal, Cristian has founded Connectome, dedicated to helping Real Estate Investors, Developers and Architects, build sustainable and future-proof homes for the mass market. Connectome brings together Smart Devices, IoT technology and Machine Learning, to make homes healthy, secure and prosperous for the homeowner.Originally from Romania, he spent many years in traveling the globe and is now living with his wife and two children in Lisbon, Portugal.---10 ways to support and develop Good Morning Portugal! with your time, talent or treasure...1. Help us cover running costs and develop the GMP! by becoming a GMP! VIP!! Support us here - https://ko-fi.com/gmp or donate via PayPal - www.paypal.com/paypalme/gmpcarl or on this channel - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCejAX8DvVR1I_AIeO5zX3QA/join2. Tune in and share your love of Portugal every weekday on the breakfast show and send in your messages, pics and videos to the studio on WhatsApp (00 351) 913 590 3033. Subscribe and share our YouTube channel - help us get to 1K subscribers for monetisation and membership - https://www.youtube.com/@GoodMorningPortugal As well as our podcast - https://www.spreaker.com/show/good-morning-portugal-radio-show4. Use our consultancy services that will help you move to Portugal and enjoy life once you get here - https://www.goodmorningportugal.com/support-services/the-portugal-club5. Become an Expats Portugal Premium Member via our affiliate link - https://expatsportugal.com/?wpam_id=276. Get your currency exchanged via Spartan FX - Get your FREE account - www.spartanfx.co.uk7. Send your community and cheerful news for inclusion in our news blog - https://www.goodmorningportugal.com/news-weather/gmp-news-desk8. Join us as a guest on the show, sharing your love of Portugal and/or telling us about your self, project or business. Maybe even become a regular co-host?9. Sponsor the show - https://www.goodmorningportugal.com/about-gmp/sponsor-the-show10. Hire Carl - https://www.goodmorningportugal.com/about-gmp/hire-carlWant to create live streams like this? Check out StreamYard: https://streamyard.com/pal/4668289695875072

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.01.530710v1?rss=1 Authors: Nelson, M. C., Royer, J., Leppert, I. R., Campbell, J. S. W., Schiavi, S., Jin, H., Tavakol, S., Vos de Wael, R., Rodriguez-Cruces, R., Pike, G. B., Bernhardt, B., Daducci, A., Misic, B., Tardif, C. L. Abstract: A central goal in neuroscience is the development of a comprehensive mapping between structural and functional brain features. Computational models support in vivo investigation of the mechanisms mediating this relationship but currently lack the requisite biological detail. Here, we characterize human structural brain networks weighted by multiple white matter microstructural features to assess their potential joint utilization in computational models. We report edge-weight-dependent spatial distributions, variance, small-worldness, rich club, hubs, as well as relationships with function, edge length and myelin. Contrasting networks weighted by the total intra-axonal cross-sectional area and myelin content of white matter tracts, we find opposite relationships with functional connectivity, an edge-length-independent inverse relationship with each other, and the lack of a canonical rich club in myelin-weighted networks. When controlling for edge length, tractometry-derived networks weighted by either tensor-based metrics or neurite density show no relationship with whole-brain functional connectivity. We conclude that structure-function brain models are likely to be improved by the co-utilization of structural networks weighted by total intra-axonal cross-sectional area and myelin content. We anticipate that the proposed microstructure-weighted computational modeling approach will support mechanistic understanding of the structure-function relationship of the human brain. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.23.529637v1?rss=1 Authors: Park, S., Park, D., Kim, M. J. Abstract: Grit is a personality trait that encapsulates the tendency to persevere and maintain consistent interest for long-term goals. While prior studies found that grit predicts positive behavioral outcomes, there is a paucity of work providing explanatory evidence from a neurodevelopmental perspective. Based on previous research suggesting the utility of the functional connectome as a developmental measure, we tested the idea that individual differences in grit might be, in part, rooted in brain development in adolescence and emerging adulthood (N = 64, 11-19 years of age). Our analysis showed that grit was associated with connectome stability across conditions and connectome similarity across individuals. Notably, inter-subject representational similarity analysis revealed that teenagers who were grittier shared similar functional connectome architecture with each other, more so than those with lower grit. Our findings suggest that gritty individuals are more likely to follow a specific neurodevelopmental trajectory, which may underpin subsequent beneficial behavioral outcomes. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.23.529814v1?rss=1 Authors: Wang, Z., Donahue, E. K., Guo, Y., Renteln, M., Petzinger, G. M., Jakowec, M. W., Holschneider, D. P. Abstract: The basal ganglia are important modulators of the cognitive and motor benefits of exercise. However, the neural networks underlying these benefits remain poorly understood. Our study systematically analyzed exercise-associated changes in functional connectivity in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic network during the performance of a new motor task, with regions-of-interest defined based on mesoscopic domains recently defined in the mouse brain structural connectome. Mice were trained on a motorized treadmill for six weeks or remained sedentary (control), thereafter undergoing [14C]-2-deoxyglucose metabolic brain mapping during wheel walking. Regional cerebral glucose uptake (rCGU) was analyzed in 3-dimensional brains reconstructed from autoradiographic brain sections using statistical parametric mapping. Functional connectivity was assessed by inter-regional correlation of rCGU. Compared to controls, exercised animals showed broad decreases in rCGU in motor areas, but increases in limbic areas, as well as the visual and association cortices. In addition, exercised animals showed (i) increased positive connectivity within and between the motor cortex and caudoputamen (CP), (ii) newly emerged negative connectivity of the substantia nigra pars reticulata with the globus pallidus externus, and CP, and (iii) reduced functional connectivity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Increased functional connectivity in the motor circuit in the absence of increases in rCGU strongly suggests greater network efficiency, which is also supported by the reduced involvement of PFC-mediated cognitive control during the performance of a new motor task. Our study delineates exercise-associated changes in functional circuitry at the subregional level and provides a framework for understanding the effects of exercise on new motor learning. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.15.528746v1?rss=1 Authors: Yoo, S., Jang, Y., Hong, S.-J., Park, H., Valk, S. L., Bernhardt, B. C., Park, B.-y. Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder is a common neurodevelopmental condition that manifests as a disruption in sensory and social skills. Although it has been shown that the brain morphology of individuals with autism is asymmetric, how this differentially affects the structural connectome organization of each hemisphere remains under-investigated. We studied whole-brain structural connectivity-based brain asymmetry in 47 individuals with autism and 37 healthy controls using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging obtained from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange initiative. By leveraging dimensionality reduction techniques, we constructed low-dimensional representations of structural connectivity and calculated their asymmetry index. We compared the asymmetry index between individuals with autism and neurotypical controls and found atypical structural connectome asymmetry in the sensory, default-mode, and limbic networks and the caudate in autism. Network communication provided topological underpinnings by demonstrating that the temporal and dorsolateral prefrontal regions showed reduced global network communication efficiency and decreased send-receive network navigation in the caudate region in individuals with autism. Finally, supervised machine learning revealed that structural connectome asymmetry is associated with communication-related autistic symptoms and nonverbal intelligence. Our findings provide insights into macroscale structural connectome alterations in autism and their topological underpinnings. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.13.528399v1?rss=1 Authors: Sun, X., Liu, J., Ma, Q., Wang, X., Wei, D., Chen, Y., Liu, B., Huang, C.-C., Zheng, Y., Wu, Y., Chen, T., Cheng, Y., Xu, X., Gong, Q., Si, T., Qiu, S., Lin, C.-P., Cheng, J., Tang, Y., Wang, F., Qiu, J., Xie, P., Li, L., Wang, W., He, Y., DIDA-Major Depressive Disorder Working Group,, Xia, M. Abstract: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most burdensome psychiatric disorder characterized by remarkably heterogeneous clinical phenotypes. It remains challenging to delineate the heterogeneity of neurobiological abnormalities underlying the clinical variance and, on this basis, to identify neurophysiological subtypes of MDD patients. Here, using a large multisite resting-state functional MRI data from 1,148 MDD patients and 1,079 healthy controls, we generated lifespan normative models of functional connectivity strengths, mapped the heterogeneity of patients' individual deviations, and identified neurobiological MDD subtypes. MDD patients showed positive deviations mainly in the default mode and subcortical areas, and negative deviations widely distributed over the cortex. However, there was a great inter-subject heterogeneity as indicated by that no more than 3.14% of patients deviated from the normative range for any brain region. Two neurophysiological MDD subtypes were identified. Subtype 1 showed severe deviations with positive deviations in the default mode, limbic, and subcortical areas, and negative deviations in the sensorimotor, dorsal and ventral attention areas, while subtype 2 showed a moderate but conversed deviation pattern. The severe-deviation subtype had older age, higher medicated proportion, and higher Suicide item score, while the moderate-deviation subtype showed higher Work and Activities and Depressed Mood item scores. Moreover, the baseline deviations in the severe-deviation subtype were predictive of 6-month antidepressant treatment effects in a subsample. To our knowledge, the current study is the largest multisite analysis of neurophysiological MDD subtyping to date and the findings shed light on our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying the intersubject heterogeneity of clinical phenotypes, which are informative for the development of personalized treatments for this disorder. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Systems neuroscience aims to understand how brain cells and circuits are organized to produce behavior in living organisms. Julio Martinez-Trujillo, M.D., Ph.D., shares his research studying how neurons interact with one another and other cell types within a circuit during ex vivo and in vivo conditions. He also looks to the future and discusses how stem cell technologies can provide unique access to study human circuits and new insights into the nervous system. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38322]

Systems neuroscience aims to understand how brain cells and circuits are organized to produce behavior in living organisms. Julio Martinez-Trujillo, M.D., Ph.D., shares his research studying how neurons interact with one another and other cell types within a circuit during ex vivo and in vivo conditions. He also looks to the future and discusses how stem cell technologies can provide unique access to study human circuits and new insights into the nervous system. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38322]

Systems neuroscience aims to understand how brain cells and circuits are organized to produce behavior in living organisms. Julio Martinez-Trujillo, M.D., Ph.D., shares his research studying how neurons interact with one another and other cell types within a circuit during ex vivo and in vivo conditions. He also looks to the future and discusses how stem cell technologies can provide unique access to study human circuits and new insights into the nervous system. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38322]

Systems neuroscience aims to understand how brain cells and circuits are organized to produce behavior in living organisms. Julio Martinez-Trujillo, M.D., Ph.D., shares his research studying how neurons interact with one another and other cell types within a circuit during ex vivo and in vivo conditions. He also looks to the future and discusses how stem cell technologies can provide unique access to study human circuits and new insights into the nervous system. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38322]

Systems neuroscience aims to understand how brain cells and circuits are organized to produce behavior in living organisms. Julio Martinez-Trujillo, M.D., Ph.D., shares his research studying how neurons interact with one another and other cell types within a circuit during ex vivo and in vivo conditions. He also looks to the future and discusses how stem cell technologies can provide unique access to study human circuits and new insights into the nervous system. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38322]

Systems neuroscience aims to understand how brain cells and circuits are organized to produce behavior in living organisms. Julio Martinez-Trujillo, M.D., Ph.D., shares his research studying how neurons interact with one another and other cell types within a circuit during ex vivo and in vivo conditions. He also looks to the future and discusses how stem cell technologies can provide unique access to study human circuits and new insights into the nervous system. Series: "Stem Cell Channel" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 38322]

Dr. Dario Englot is an Associate Professor of Neurological Surgery, Neurology, Radiology & Radiological Sciences and the Surgical Director of Epilepsy at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Dr. Englot's clinical interests include epilepsy, neuromodulation, movement disorders, pain disorders, and general neurosurgery. He also leads an active research laboratory studying brain networks in neurological disorders using neuroimaging and electrophysiology, with a particular focus in epilepsy. Dr. Englot completed his residency at University of California and his fellowship in functional neurosurgery and epilepsy at Vanderbilt. Today we are going to be speaking with Dr. Englot about using the human brain connectome to guide epilepsy treatment.

Huberman Lab Podcast Notes Key Takeaways Evolution of psychiatry: phase I – must be something genetic or how you were raised; phase II – must be a chemical imbalance or something chemically missingThere's actually a decrease in the level of activity in the brain on psychedelics, but the connectivity in regions increasesWe're all taught to retain some level of control in our day-to-day lives – part of the therapeutic effect of psychedelics is about untethering, letting go, and letting the system assume a natural state you've been fightingMental health disorders exist on a range; you may not reach a clinical level of OCD but you may have some tendencies or habits“If you can rid yourself of all to social and cultural constructions and re-examine these if we just discovered these today, we'd say that [psychedelics] are a huge breakthrough in psychiatry.” – Dr. Nolan WilliamsPsychedelics allow you to enter into a highly plastic state and reconsolidate memory which may drive a therapeutic effectAnti-psychotic therapeutic effects of cannabis are from the CBD and not the THC – the problem is we have potent strains now heavy with THC and low in CBDTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has the potential to send a signal to the prefrontal cortex and use the brain's own communication style to get it out of a depressive state – you're tapping into core circuitry with minimal side effects (unlike tinkering neurotransmitters)Read the full notes @ podcastnotes.orgIn this episode, my guest is Nolan Williams, M.D., a triple board-certified psychiatrist, neurologist and professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford School of Medicine. He is also the Director of the Stanford Brain Stimulation Lab. We discuss clinical applications for brain stimulation, behavioral protocols and novel drug treatments to halt and reverse mental health disorders, including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We first discuss the neural circuits for self-identity and mood and stress control. We discuss Dr. Williams' work using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to depression, trauma, PTSD, and other mood disorders. We then dive deep into the history, biology, modern use, and safety margins of the various psychedelics, including MDMA, LSD, ketamine, ibogaine, ayahuasca, and psilocybin, as well as cannabis and the use of SSRIs in both adults and children. Finally, we discuss behavioral treatments for mental health disorders, including sleep and sleep deprivation, light exposure, exercise, and training to control the brain-heart-rate pathways. Regardless of age, all those interested in mental health should benefit from the incredible breadth and depth of Dr. Williams' knowledge and the clarity with which he conveys that information. Thank you to our sponsors AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/huberman ROKA: https://www.roka.com/huberman Supplements from Momentous https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman Huberman Lab Premium https://hubermanlab.com/premium For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com Timestamps (00:00:00) Dr. Nolan Williams, Brain Stimulation & Depression Treatment (00:03:31) Huberman Lab Premium (00:04:42) InsideTracker, Eight Sleep, ROKA (00:08:37) Momentous Supplements (00:09:16) Depression, Risk Factors, Emergency Psychiatric Treatments (00:15:11) The Brain-Heart Connection, Vagus Nerve, Prefrontal Cortex (00:17:51) Right vs. Left Brain Hemispheres & Mood Balance, Connectome (00:22:34) Heart Rate & Depression, Behavioral Interventions, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) (00:33:02) Prefrontal Cortex & Cognitive Control, TMS (00:37:46) AG1 (Athletic Greens) (00:39:00) Belief/Identity “Rules”, Re-scripting, TMS & Talk Therapy (00:45:49) Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, TMS & Depression Treatment (00:48:36) Cingulate Cortex & Emotion, Dissociation & Catatonia (00:54:27) Ketamine, the Opioid System & Depression; Psychedelic Experience or Biology? (01:03:42) SSRIs, Serotonin & Depression; Childhood, Chemical Imbalance or Circuit? (01:13:58) Memories & “Rule” Creation; Psilocybin & “Rule” Resolution (01:21:00) MDMA & Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Treatment, Psilocybin & Depression Treatment (01:24:12) Is MDMA Neurotoxic?, Drug Purity, Dopamine Surges, Post-MDMA Prolactin (01:30:38) Psilocybin, Brain Connectivity & Depression Treatment (01:34:53) Exposure Response Prevention: “Letting Go” & Depression Treatment (01:41:23) Normal Spectrums for Mental Health Disorders (01:45:35) Ibogaine & “Life Review”; PTSD, Depression & Clinical Trials (01:57:16) Clinical Use of Psychedelics (02:01:59) Ayahuasca, Brazilian Prisoner Study (02:06:55) Cannabis: THC, CBD & Psychosis, Clinical Uses (02:14:52) Personal Relative Drug Risk & Alcohol (02:20:42) Circadian Reset for Depression, Sleep Deprivation, Light (02:28:43) Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy (SNT) Study (02:34:25) Space Learning Theory & TMS Stimulation (02:45:35) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Huberman Lab Premium, Neural Network Newsletter, Social Media Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Disclaimer

Huberman Lab: Read the notes at at podcastnotes.org. Don't forget to subscribe for free to our newsletter, the top 10 ideas of the week, every Monday --------- In this episode, my guest is Nolan Williams, M.D., a triple board-certified psychiatrist, neurologist and professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford School of Medicine. He is also the Director of the Stanford Brain Stimulation Lab. We discuss clinical applications for brain stimulation, behavioral protocols and novel drug treatments to halt and reverse mental health disorders, including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We first discuss the neural circuits for self-identity and mood and stress control. We discuss Dr. Williams' work using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to depression, trauma, PTSD, and other mood disorders. We then dive deep into the history, biology, modern use, and safety margins of the various psychedelics, including MDMA, LSD, ketamine, ibogaine, ayahuasca, and psilocybin, as well as cannabis and the use of SSRIs in both adults and children. Finally, we discuss behavioral treatments for mental health disorders, including sleep and sleep deprivation, light exposure, exercise, and training to control the brain-heart-rate pathways. Regardless of age, all those interested in mental health should benefit from the incredible breadth and depth of Dr. Williams' knowledge and the clarity with which he conveys that information. Thank you to our sponsors AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/huberman ROKA: https://www.roka.com/huberman Supplements from Momentous https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman Huberman Lab Premium https://hubermanlab.com/premium For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com Timestamps (00:00:00) Dr. Nolan Williams, Brain Stimulation & Depression Treatment (00:03:31) Huberman Lab Premium (00:04:42) InsideTracker, Eight Sleep, ROKA (00:08:37) Momentous Supplements (00:09:16) Depression, Risk Factors, Emergency Psychiatric Treatments (00:15:11) The Brain-Heart Connection, Vagus Nerve, Prefrontal Cortex (00:17:51) Right vs. Left Brain Hemispheres & Mood Balance, Connectome (00:22:34) Heart Rate & Depression, Behavioral Interventions, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) (00:33:02) Prefrontal Cortex & Cognitive Control, TMS (00:37:46) AG1 (Athletic Greens) (00:39:00) Belief/Identity “Rules”, Re-scripting, TMS & Talk Therapy (00:45:49) Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, TMS & Depression Treatment (00:48:36) Cingulate Cortex & Emotion, Dissociation & Catatonia (00:54:27) Ketamine, the Opioid System & Depression; Psychedelic Experience or Biology? (01:03:42) SSRIs, Serotonin & Depression; Childhood, Chemical Imbalance or Circuit? (01:13:58) Memories & “Rule” Creation; Psilocybin & “Rule” Resolution (01:21:00) MDMA & Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Treatment, Psilocybin & Depression Treatment (01:24:12) Is MDMA Neurotoxic?, Drug Purity, Dopamine Surges, Post-MDMA Prolactin (01:30:38) Psilocybin, Brain Connectivity & Depression Treatment (01:34:53) Exposure Response Prevention: “Letting Go” & Depression Treatment (01:41:23) Normal Spectrums for Mental Health Disorders (01:45:35) Ibogaine & “Life Review”; PTSD, Depression & Clinical Trials (01:57:16) Clinical Use of Psychedelics (02:01:59) Ayahuasca, Brazilian Prisoner Study (02:06:55) Cannabis: THC, CBD & Psychosis, Clinical Uses (02:14:52) Personal Relative Drug Risk & Alcohol (02:20:42) Circadian Reset for Depression, Sleep Deprivation, Light (02:28:43) Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy (SNT) Study (02:34:25) Space Learning Theory & TMS Stimulation (02:45:35) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Huberman Lab Premium, Neural Network Newsletter, Social Media Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Disclaimer

In this episode, my guest is Nolan Williams, M.D., a triple board-certified psychiatrist, neurologist and professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford School of Medicine. He is also the Director of the Stanford Brain Stimulation Lab. We discuss clinical applications for brain stimulation, behavioral protocols and novel drug treatments to halt and reverse mental health disorders, including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We first discuss the neural circuits for self-identity and mood and stress control. We discuss Dr. Williams' work using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to depression, trauma, PTSD, and other mood disorders. We then dive deep into the history, biology, modern use, and safety margins of the various psychedelics, including MDMA, LSD, ketamine, ibogaine, ayahuasca, and psilocybin, as well as cannabis and the use of SSRIs in both adults and children. Finally, we discuss behavioral treatments for mental health disorders, including sleep and sleep deprivation, light exposure, exercise, and training to control the brain-heart-rate pathways. Regardless of age, all those interested in mental health should benefit from the incredible breadth and depth of Dr. Williams' knowledge and the clarity with which he conveys that information. Thank you to our sponsors AG1 (Athletic Greens): https://athleticgreens.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/huberman ROKA: https://www.roka.com/huberman Supplements from Momentous https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman Huberman Lab Premium https://hubermanlab.com/premium For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com Timestamps (00:00:00) Dr. Nolan Williams, Brain Stimulation & Depression Treatment (00:03:31) Huberman Lab Premium (00:04:42) InsideTracker, Eight Sleep, ROKA (00:08:37) Momentous Supplements (00:09:16) Depression, Risk Factors, Emergency Psychiatric Treatments (00:15:11) The Brain-Heart Connection, Vagus Nerve, Prefrontal Cortex (00:17:51) Right vs. Left Brain Hemispheres & Mood Balance, Connectome (00:22:34) Heart Rate & Depression, Behavioral Interventions, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) (00:33:02) Prefrontal Cortex & Cognitive Control, TMS (00:37:46) AG1 (Athletic Greens) (00:39:00) Belief/Identity “Rules”, Re-scripting, TMS & Talk Therapy (00:45:49) Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, TMS & Depression Treatment (00:48:36) Cingulate Cortex & Emotion, Dissociation & Catatonia (00:54:27) Ketamine, the Opioid System & Depression; Psychedelic Experience or Biology? (01:03:42) SSRIs, Serotonin & Depression; Childhood, Chemical Imbalance or Circuit? (01:13:58) Memories & “Rule” Creation; Psilocybin & “Rule” Resolution (01:21:00) MDMA & Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Treatment, Psilocybin & Depression Treatment (01:24:12) Is MDMA Neurotoxic?, Drug Purity, Dopamine Surges, Post-MDMA Prolactin (01:30:38) Psilocybin, Brain Connectivity & Depression Treatment (01:34:53) Exposure Response Prevention: “Letting Go” & Depression Treatment (01:41:23) Normal Spectrums for Mental Health Disorders (01:45:35) Ibogaine & “Life Review”; PTSD, Depression & Clinical Trials (01:57:16) Clinical Use of Psychedelics (02:01:59) Ayahuasca, Brazilian Prisoner Study (02:06:55) Cannabis: THC, CBD & Psychosis, Clinical Uses (02:14:52) Personal Relative Drug Risk & Alcohol (02:20:42) Circadian Reset for Depression, Sleep Deprivation, Light (02:28:43) Stanford Neuromodulation Therapy (SNT) Study (02:34:25) Space Learning Theory & TMS Stimulation (02:45:35) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Huberman Lab Premium, Neural Network Newsletter, Social Media Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Disclaimer

Social media is omnipresent. Mindless scrolling through TikTok and Instagram reels is just a part of our daily lives now. Whether it's cat videos, funny dances, or cool outfits, online content fills our excess time, entertains us, and keeps us connected with our friends and the people we look up to. As my housemate says, sometimes, we're living in the REEL world, not the REAL world. But it's also no secret that too much social media is not very good for our psyche and our brains. Curious why? Come and listen to learn a little bit more about the neuroscience of spending tooooooo much time on InstaSnapTok. Please rate, review, and subscribe and if you have any questions, comments, concerns, queries, or complaints, please email me at neuroscienceamateurhour@gmail.com or DM me at NeuroscienceAmateurHour on Instagram.Citations and relevant pictures are below:Börchers S. Your Brain on Instagram, TikTok, & Co – The Neuroscience of Social Media. Published June 29, 2020. https://biologista.org/2020/06/29/your-brain-on-instagram-tiktok-co-the-neuroscience-of-social-media/Montag C, Markowetz A, Blaszkiewicz K, et al. Facebook usage on smartphones and gray matter volume of the nucleus accumbens. Behavioral Brain Research. 2017;329:221-228. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.035Arias-Carrión O, Stamelou M, Murillo-Rodríguez E, Menéndez-González M, Pöppel E. Dopaminergic reward system: a short integrative review. International Archives of Medicine. 2010;3(1):24. doi:10.1186/1755-7682-3-24Jan M, Soomro S, Ahmad N. Impact of social media on self-esteem. Ssrn.com. Published August 31, 2017. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3030048Pittman M, Reich B. Social media and loneliness: Why an Instagram picture may be worth more than a thousand Twitter words. Computers in Human Behavior. 2016;62:155-167. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.084Will GJ, Rutledge RB, Moutoussis M, Dolan RJ. Neural and computational processes underlying dynamic changes in self-esteem. FeldmanHall O, ed. eLife. 2017;6:e28098. doi:10.7554/eLife.28098Cacioppo JT, Cacioppo S. The growing problem of loneliness. The Lancet. 2018;391(10119):426. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30142-9Chunliang Feng, Li Wang, Ting Li, Pengfei Xu, Connectome-based individualized prediction of loneliness, Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Volume 14, Issue 4, April 2019, Pages 353–365, https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz020Alkozei A, Smith R, Pisner DA, et al. Exposure to Blue Light Increases Subsequent Functional Activation of the Prefrontal Cortex During Performance of a Working Memory Task. Sleep. 2016;39(9):1671-1680. doi:10.5665/sleep.6090Support the show

How can we better study the complexities of the brain? Gabriel Silva explains how organoids may be the best way to understand the brain's biologic algorithms. Series: "Sanford Stem Cell Symposium" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37780]

How can we better study the complexities of the brain? Gabriel Silva explains how organoids may be the best way to understand the brain's biologic algorithms. Series: "Sanford Stem Cell Symposium" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37780]

How can we better study the complexities of the brain? Gabriel Silva explains how organoids may be the best way to understand the brain's biologic algorithms. Series: "Sanford Stem Cell Symposium" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37780]

How can we better study the complexities of the brain? Gabriel Silva explains how organoids may be the best way to understand the brain's biologic algorithms. Series: "Sanford Stem Cell Symposium" [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 37780]

Dans ce nouvel épisode, nous allons traiter d'un sujet qui a été laaaargement plébiscité lorsque j'ai proposé un vote sur Instagram. Je parle bien sûr de la plasticité cérébrale. Thème que j'adore. Pour cet épisode, nous avons une invitée, et pas n'importe laquelle. Pour cet épisode nous discuterons en deuxième partie avec Catherine, psychologue et psychothérapeute qui anime avec son conjoint l'Instagram, la chaîne youtube et le podcast, Catherine_la_psy ! Les liens de Catherine La Psy :L'Instagram La chaîne Youtube Le podcastLe siteSi vous souhaitez avoir un éclairage neuro sur un sujet en particulier de la vie quotidienne, de notre fonctionnement, écrivez-moi à neurosapiens.podcast@gmail.com Production, animation, réalisation et illustration : Anaïs RouxLe podcast en version blog : www.neurosapiens.frDes images du Connectome : http://www.humanconnectomeproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/White-Matter-Fibers-HCP-Dataset-view-from-below-701x720.jpghttp://www.humanconnectomeproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Tracts-3-720x517.jpghttp://www.humanconnectomeproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/16-white-matter-fibers-HCP-dataset-corpus-callosum-right-side.jpgSources : Moreno-Jiménez, E.P., Flor-García, M., Terreros-Roncal, J. et al. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is abundant in neurologically healthy subjects and drops sharply in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Nat Med 25, 554–560 (2019). Bennett SH, Kirby AJ, Finnerty GT. Rewiring the connectome: Evidence and effects. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018 May;88:51-62. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.001. Epub 2018 Mar 11. PMID: 29540321; PMCID: PMC5903872.Mauricio Arcos-Burgos, Francisco Lopera, Diego Sepulveda-Falla, Claudio Mastronardi, "Neural Plasticity during Aging", Neural Plasticity, vol. 2019, Article ID 6042132, 3 pages, 2019.France culture, La méthode scientifique par Nicolas Martin . Plasticité cérébrale : le cerveau, c'est fantastique.Sablonnière B., Le cerveau, les clés de son développementPour les pros : Dir. Tarquinio, Pratique de la psychothérapie EMDRCattaneo A, Macchi F, Plazzotta G, Veronica B, Bocchio-Chiavetto L, Riva MA, Pariante CM. Inflammation and neuronal plasticity: a link between childhood trauma and depression pathogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci.Price RB, Duman R. Neuroplasticity in cognitive and psychological mechanisms of depression: an integrative model. Mol Psychiatry. 2020;25(3):530-543. doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0615-x Voir Acast.com/privacy pour les informations sur la vie privée et l'opt-out. Become a member at https://plus.acast.com/s/neurosapiens.

We speak to Marcelino about how he used the pandemic to reconnect with what is important to him, his early years in Portugal, how it feels to dance alongside Natalia Osipova after so many years learning from and idolizing Russian Ballerinas and the track that he thinks is 'a banger'.....it's from an Ashton ballet!Portuguese dancer Marcelino Sambé is a Principal of The Royal Ballet. He trained at The Royal Ballet Upper School and graduated into the Company during the 2012/13 Season, promoted to First Artist in 2014, Soloist in 2015, First Soloist in 2017 and Principal in 2019.Sambé was born in Lisbon and studied at the National Conservatory of Lisbon before joining The Royal Ballet Upper School. Performances at the School included in John Neumeier's Yonderingand Alastair Marriott's Simple Symphonyat the School's annual matinee, and a summer gala in Venice in 2012. His repertory with the Company includes Franz (Coppélia), Colas (La Fille mal gardée), Oberon (The Dream), Hans-Peter/Nutcracker (The Nutcracker), Mercutio and Romeo (Romeo and Juliet), Brother Clown (The Winter's Tale), Beggar Chief and Lescaut (Manon), Lead Hungarian Officer and Bratfisch (Mayerling), Bronze Idol (La Bayadère), Basilio (Don Quixote), Officer (Anastasia), Bluebird and Florestan (The Sleeping Beauty), pas de trois (Swan Lake), lead couple pas de six (Giselle), Footman/Frog (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland), Gypsy Boy (The Two Pigeons), Blue Boy (Les Patineurs) and in The Vertiginous Thrill of Exactitude, Tarantella, Jewels, The Human Seasons, Obsidian Tear, Aeternum, Requiem, La Valse, Aeternum, Within the Golden Hour, Multiverse, Elite Syncopations, Tchaikovsky pas de deux, Tarantella, Symphony in C, The Human Seasons, Infra, Concerto and Medusa. He has created roles in Crystal Pite's Flight Pattern, Kim Brandstrup's Ceremony of Innocence, Marriott's Connectome, Hofesh Shechter's Untouchable and Wayne McGregor's Woolf Works.Sambé is a keen choreographer and was selected as one of the UK's emerging choreographers by Youth Dance England in 2012. His M' cã cré sabi won second prize at the 2011 Ursula Morton Choreographic Awards and was performed in the School's annual matinee that year. Works include Preparations for the Last TV Fake and The Chosen Victim for The Royal Ballet's Draft Works. Sambé's dance awards include a silver medal at the Moscow International Ballet Competition in 2008, first prize at the Youth American Grand Prix in 2009, a gold medal and special award at the USA International Ballet Competition in 2010 and the Critics' Cirle National Dance Awards for Outstanding Male Classical Performance (2017) and Best Male Dancer (2019).

Do we realise we invent explanations? In this episode we look at the extraordinary phenomena of the Left Brain Interpreter, in which a part of the left hemisphere tends to literally invent an explanation for something we've perceived or done based on past experience, sometimes in a completely mistaken way. This is a very important phenomena to our first series as we introduce the cognitive limits of our brains, as it shows just how tricky our so called rational mind can be, and begs questions about the authority and validity of our conscious faculties and how much is the result of previous bias. The most interesting part about this is that the subject has no idea cognitively that this is an invention and thinks that this is true information and not a deduction. But before we jump to any conclusions, in order to understand this properly we need to speak to a legend in the relatively young field of neuroscience, the person who actually discovered this phenomena in the first place, Dr Mike Gazzaniga. He is the founder of the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience at both the University of California and Dartmouth College. He is also a proficient author of books for both the general public and the more specialised field. Some of his titles include: ‘The Ethical Brain', ‘Who's in Charge? Free will and the science of the brain', and most recently, which we'll be discussing today, ‘The Consciousness instinct: unravelling the the mystery of how the brain makes mind'. He made is name in the field as one of the pioneers in split-brain research, which led to the bulk of his early work on what the functions of each hemisphere of the brain are, and and how the left and right hemispheres communicate with each other. So who better to answer our questions and doubts about this tricky area. He's also, unlike many scientists who prefer to stick to hard observable evidence, not afraid to write about the ethics and philosophy of these discoveries. What we discuss in this episode: 04:40 The ‘What the hell is going on?' question. 09:23 The early split brain discoveries 15:44 The differences between the two hemispheres. 19:45 Mythbusting the Left and right brain. 22:54 The Left Brain Interpreter explained by its discoverer. 31:30 The connection between the interpreter and confirmation bias 34:00 Solutions through awareness of the interpreter, the difficulty of changing opinion 36:00 Facing the resistance of dogma in science 37:00 ‘How do we go from matter to mattering?' 38:00 ‘The Consciousness instinct' 43:00 Complimentarity, the wave particle duality, Howard H Pattee and his paper ‘how does a molecule become a message?' 48:00 Mike's ‘babbling brook' analogy for consciousness. 53:00 My theory of your consciousness is better than my theory of my own consciousness. 54:00 Free Will and personal responsibility Referenced in this episode: John Doyle at Caltech, Bioengineer, https://www.bbe.caltech.edu/people/john-c-doyle Howard H Pattee, Biologist and philosopher - How does a molecule become a message? https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279377526_How_Does_a_Molecule_Become_a_Message Nils Bohr - Complimentarity - complimentary features which can't all be measured simultaneously https://www.britannica.com/science/complementarity-principle William James - The Conscious Whole Sebastian Seung - the Connectome https://www.ted.com/talks/sebastian_seung_i_am_my_connectome?language=en

This episode we are looking into a strange fringe phenomenon that may be entirely mythical the so called ‘traditional housewife' or #TradWife as she's known on Twitter. We take a look at the movement behind the hashtag by reading and trying to apply the Fascinating Womanhood philosophy. Then we dig into the history of house wifery, feminist critiques and the modern revival of traditional marriage. And, with trepidation, explore the dark undercurrent of white supremacy running just beneath some of the content flying the #TradWife banner. Then we get back to the ironing. Exploring fringe, paranormal and spiritual topics from two completely different perspectives it's The Seeker and The Skeptic. Connect with us Twitter @SeekerSkeptic Instagram @SeekerSkeptic Or visit www.seekerandskeptic.com LINKS MENTIONED Fascinating Womanhood For The Timeless Woman, Dixie Andelin Forsyth https://www.amazon.com/Fascinating-Womanhood-Timeless-Andelin-Forsyth/dp/194603214X/ Fascinating Womanhood, Helen Andelin https://www.amazon.com/Fascinating-Womanhood-Helen-Andelin/dp/055329220X Helen Andelin and The Fascinating womanhood Movement Julie Debra Neuffer https://www.amazon.com/Helen-Andelin-Fascinating-Womanhood-Movement/dp/1607813270 Sex Differences in the Connectome of The Human Brain lead author Madhura Ingalhalikar https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/111/2/823.full.pdf Number of Working Mothers in England https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/sep/29/number-of-working-mothers-in-england-rises-by-a-million-in-20-years The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan https://www.amazon.com/Betty-Friedan-Feminine-Mystique-18/dp/B00HTK49M4/ Feminist Theory From Margin to Centre, bell hooks https://www.amazon.com/Feminist-Theory-Margin-bell-hooks/dp/1138821659 The Minimalists https://www.theminimalists.com/about/ How Work Took Over the World, Andrew Taggart https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F7UonZl-Gis Alya Stewarts Website https://wifewithapurpose.com/ We Are in the Midst of the Third Bogus 'White Extinction' Panic in Just as Many Centuries https://reason.com/2018/06/26/stoking-white-ethnic-fears-about-immigra// Millenials Want More Traditional Gender Roles https://slate.com/human-interest/2017/03/millennials-want-more-traditional-gender-roles-per-council-on-contemporary-families-symposium.html Tradwives: A New Trend https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2020/jan/27/tradwives-new-trend-submissive-women-dark-heart-history The Tradwife Movement Undercuts Femininst Gains https://www.thenational.ae/opinion/comment/new-tradwife-movement-undercuts-feminist-gains-1.978604 Feminists claiming ‘tradwives' are radicalized ‘like ISIS brides'  https://www.rt.com/op-ed/480879-tradwives-brainwashed-isis-feminism-patriarchy/ The Darling Academy https://www.thedarlingacademy.com/about/

Jeff Lichtman explains the promise and challenges tied to building a mouse connectome.