Small projection on a neuron that receive signals
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2 episodes with dendrites
10 episodes with dendrites
2 episodes with dendrites
In today's episode, we dive into the crucial roles that gut-derived microbial metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites, play in supporting the health of neurons and glial cells, ultimately promoting cognitive function. We explore how enhancing the body's natural production of these metabolites through a healthy gut microbiome and how strategic supplementation can both benefit brain health. The discussion includes detailed insights into the cellular mechanisms in the brain and practical strategies for fostering a healthy gut microbiome capable of producing high quantities of these beneficial compounds. Topics: 1. Introduction to Brain Cellular Makeup - Overview of Neurons and Glial Cells - Neurons: Structure and Function - Glial Cells: Types and Roles 2. Neuronal Communication and Synaptic Function - Neuronal Structure: Soma, Dendrites, Axon - Synaptic Communication: Presynaptic Terminal, Synaptic Cleft, Postsynaptic Membrane 3. Energy Demands - ATP Utilization and Energy Demands - Mitochondrial Function and Neuronal Vulnerability 4. Astrocytes and Microglial Cells - Astrocytes: Functions and Role in CNS Homeostasis - Microglial Cells: Immune Functions and Role in Neuroinflammation 5. Roles of Gut-Derived Microbial Metabolites in Supporting Brain Health - Overview of Gut-Derived Metabolites - Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs): Acetate, Propionate, Butyrate - Tryptophan Metabolites: Indole, Indole-3-Propionate (IPA) 6. Impact of Gut-Derived Metabolites on Neurons - Promotion of Neurogenesis by SCFAs - Neuroprotective Effects of Tryptophan Metabolites 7. Impact of Gut-Derived Metabolites on Glial Cells - Impact on Astrocytes - Impact on Microglial Cells 8. Strategies to Enhance Metabolite Production - Diversity - Probiotic Supplementation - Fiber - Amino Acids 9. Direct Supplementation Options - Sodium Butyrate: Role in Neuroprotection and Cognitive Function Thank you to our episode sponsors: 1. Check out Daily Nouri and use code CHLOE20 for 20% off your order. 2. Check out AX3 Astaxanthin and use discount code CHLOE20 for 20% off your first order. 3. Check out Liver Medic and use code Chloe20 to save 20% on "Leaky Gut Repair" Brendan's YouTube Channel https://x.com/livermedic Thanks for tuning in! Get Chloe's Book Today! "75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks" Follow Chloe on Instagram @synthesisofwellness Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit synthesisofwellness.com to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support
In this episode, we explore the intricacies of neuronal communication, delving into how neurons transmit signals through synaptic connections using neurotransmitters like glutamate and GABA. We also examine the effects of neurotoxins, such as heavy metals and environmental pollutants, on these critical synaptic pathways, leading to cognitive and neurological impairments. Lastly, we discuss neuroprotective strategies to mitigate neurotoxin exposure and promote optimal brain health. Topics: 1. Overview of Brain Cell Anatomy - Types of brain cells: neurons and glial cells. - Structure of neurons: - Soma (cell body): contains nucleus and organelles. - Dendrites: receive signals from other neurons. - Axon: transmits electrical impulses away from the soma. - Synaptic terminals: form synapses with target cells. 2. Neuronal Communication - Synapse structure: - Presynaptic terminal. - Synaptic cleft. - Postsynaptic membrane. - Neurotransmitters: - Role in neuronal communication. - Excitatory neurotransmitters (e.g., glutamate). - Inhibitory neurotransmitters (e.g., GABA). 3. Summary of Neuronal Communication - Recap of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. - Importance of maintaining proper neuronal communication. 4. Neurotoxins and Their Effects - Types of neurotoxins: - Heavy metals (e.g., lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, aluminum). - Chemical neurotoxins (e.g., organophosphates, solvents). - Biological toxins (e.g., mycotoxins). - Environmental pollutants (e.g., PCBs, dioxins). - Mechanisms of neurotoxin damage: - Disruption of neurotransmitter release. - Impairment of receptor function. - Interference with ion channel operation. 5. Example: Mercury's Impact on Cognitive Function - Pathway of mercury exposure and accumulation in the brain. - Disruption of calcium homeostasis and synaptic transmission. - Resulting cognitive impairments. 6. Strategies to Reduce Neurotoxin Exposure - Nutrition: - Opting for organic produce. - Washing produce properly. - Avoiding MSG and aspartame. - Limiting aluminum exposure (baking powder). - Evaluating cookware. - Avoiding farmed salmon. - Water and air quality: - Using water filtration to remove fluoride. - Choosing fluoride-free toothpaste. - Improving air quality and mold remediation. - Using air-purifying plants (e.g., aloe vera, English ivy). - Reducing exposure to places with highly-concentrated neurotoxic chemicals (e.g., nail salons). Thank you to our episode sponsor: Tremetes, LLC Use code CHLOE15 to get 15% off Tremetes' Turkey Tail Thanks for tuning in! Get Chloe's Book Today! "75 Gut-Healing Strategies & Biohacks" Follow Chloe on Instagram @synthesisofwellness Follow Chloe on TikTok @chloe_c_porter Visit synthesisofwellness.com to purchase products, subscribe to our mailing list, and more! --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/chloe-porter6/support
The Godfather of Curiosity: Shaking The Paradigm . As a boy with dyslexia who loved to learn, reading was a struggle for me. However, I was fortunate to have grown up during the golden age of TV. . Watching shows that exposed me to new ways of thinking and understanding, I was able to feed my insatiable curiosity. . One of my favorite shows was the BBC1 science series "Tomorrow's World." Later, I came across the ten-part documentary series #Connections, broadcast on the BBC and PBS in the United States. . Connections traced the historical relationships between invention and discovery. Each episode chronicled a particular path of technological development. Connections was the most-watched PBS television series up to that time. It was followed by the twenty-part Connections 2 (1994) and the ten-part Connections 3 (1997) . Our esteemed guest, James Burke, and his partner created these shows. Professor James Burke has been a regular writer for Scientific American, Time, and a consultant to the SETI project. James is also the host of the upcoming series of Curiosity Stream, The 4th Connection. . James Burke is an award-winning science historian and documentary filmmaker. He was the BBC chief reporter on Apollo 11. For over fifty years, he has produced and hosted many TV series for the BBC, PBS, and Discovery. The Washington Post described him as “One of the most intriguing minds in the Western world.” However, I would describe him as the Godfather of my Curiosity. . Websites: James Burke BBC: https://tinyurl.com/JamesBurkeCollection Amazon Books: https://tinyurl.com/JamesBurkeBooks . Part 2) How Cheaper Booze Birthed the Industrial Revolution Going in All Directions at Once Facilitating Cultural Awakenings Inventing Yourself Yesterday's Fame The Necessity to Examining Paradigms The Omelette Universe Neurons, Dendrites and Infinite Possibility Looking for Anomalies How Cheap Scotch Catalyzed the Industrial Revolution . Dov Baron's brand new course has just been released on coursifyx.com/belonging ------------- Titled: "CREATING A CULTURE OF BELONGING." The course is separated into eight sections that will take you by the hand and walk you through exactly how to create a culture of belonging. Because: CREATING A CULTURE OF BELONGING MAXIMIZES PERSONAL AND CORPORATE SUCCESS. Get Ready to strap on the tanks and Dive Deep into, What it Takes to Create a Culture of Belonging in your organization! Curious to know more? coursifyx.com/belonging . "Those Who Control Meaning for The Tribe, Also Control The Movement of That Tribe" #videopodcast #leadership #leadershipdevelopment #emotionsourcecode #neuroscience #emotional #meaning #emotional #logic #culture #curiosity #humanbehavior #purpose Are We Fixated on Solving Problems That No Longer Exist
The mutations disrupt protein translation as well as the cell's skeleton, according to a new study.
Support the show to get full episodes and join the Discord community. Check out my free video series about what's missing in AI and Neuroscience Panayiota Poirazi runs the Poirazi Lab at the FORTH Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, and Yiota loves dendrites, those branching tree-like structures sticking out of all your neurons, and she thinks you should love dendrites, too, whether you study biological or artificial intelligence. In neuroscience, the old story was that dendrites just reach out and collect incoming signals for the all-important neuron cell body to process. Yiota, and people Like Matthew Larkum, with whom I chatted in episode 138, are continuing to demonstrate that dendrites are themselves computationally complex and powerful, doing many varieties of important signal transformation before signals reach the cell body. For example, in 2003, Yiota showed that because of dendrites, a single neuron can act as a two-layer artificial neural network, and since then others have shown single neurons can act as deeper and deeper multi-layer networks. In Yiota's opinion, an even more important function of dendrites is increased computing efficiency, something evolution favors and something artificial networks need to favor as well moving forward. Poirazi Lab Twitter: @YiotaPoirazi. Related papers Drawing Inspiration from Biological Dendrites to Empower Artificial Neural Networks. Illuminating dendritic function with computational models. Introducing the Dendrify framework for incorporating dendrites to spiking neural networks. Pyramidal Neuron as Two-Layer Neural Network 0:00 - Intro 3:04 - Yiota's background 6:40 - Artificial networks and dendrites 9:24 - Dendrites special sauce? 14:50 - Where are we in understanding dendrite function? 20:29 - Algorithms, plasticity, and brains 29:00 - Functional unit of the brain 42:43 - Engrams 51:03 - Dendrites and nonlinearity 54:51 - Spiking neural networks 56:02 - Best level of biological detail 57:52 - Dendrify 1:05:41 - Experimental work 1:10:58 - Dendrites across species and development 1:16:50 - Career reflection 1:17:57 - Evolution of Yiota's thinking
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.22.533815v1?rss=1 Authors: Burger, T. S., Rule, M. E., O'Leary, T. Abstract: Dendritic action potentials exhibit long plateaus of many tens of milliseconds, outliving axonal spikes by an order of magnitude. The computational role of these slow events seems at odds with any need to rapidly integrate and relay information throughout large nervous systems. We propose that the timescale of dendritic potentials allows reliable integration of asynchronous inputs. We develop a physiologically grounded model in which the extended duration of dendritic spikes equips each dendrite with a resettable memory of incoming signals. This provides a tractable model for capturing dendritic nonlinearities observed in experiments and in more complex, detailed models. Using this model, we show that long-lived, nonlinear dendritic plateau potentials allow reliable integration of asynchronous spikes. We demonstrate this model supports non-trivial computations in a network solving an arbitrary association/discrimination task using sparse spiking that is subject to timing jitter. This demonstrates a computational role for the specific timecourse of dendritic potentials in situations where decisions occur quickly, reliably, and with a low number of spikes. Our results provide empirically testable hypotheses for the role of dendritic action potentials in cortical function as well as a potential bio-inspired means of realising neuromorphic spiking computations in analog hardware. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC
There's something mesmerizing about the way rivers look from the air--the way they ebb and flow and respond to the topography of the land they flow over. Sometimes, the water flows in a great sheet, like a fan; other times, it flows in a tree-like structure called a dendrite. Well, it turns out that salt can form similar structures when it crystallizes, but only under very specific conditions. It's an amazing and quite beautiful thing--have a listen. Program notes are here: https://stevenshepardcom.files.wordpress.com/2023/03/episode-212-dendrites.pdf.
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.27.521995v1?rss=1 Authors: Hatsuda, A., Kurisu, J., Fujishima, K., Kawaguchi, A., Ohno, N., Kengaku, M. Abstract: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) governs multiple pathways regulating mitochondrial dynamics and homeostasis. AMPK overactivation is a hallmark of some neurodegenerative diseases, leading to excessive mitochondrial fission and mitophagy and subsequent degeneration of neuronal processes. Here we demonstrate that AMPK is involved in activity-dependent dendritic outgrowth of developing hippocampal neurons. AMPK deficiency phenocopies the inhibition of neuronal activity, inducing dendritic hypotrophy with abnormally elongated mitochondria. In growing dendrites, AMPK is activated by neuronal activity and dynamically oscillates in synchrony with calcium spikes, and this AMPK oscillation is inhibited by CaMKK2 knockdown. AMPK activation leads to phosphorylation of MFF and ULK1, which initiate mitochondrial fission and mitophagy, respectively. Dendritic mitochondria in AMPK-depleted neurons exhibit impaired fission and mitophagy and display multiple signs of dysfunction. Thus, AMPK activity is finely tuned by the calcium-CaMKK2 pathway and regulates mitochondrial homeostasis by facilitating removal of damaged components in rapidly growing neurons during normal brain development. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC
Lexman Artificial interviews Cristos Goodrow about the importance of mottos and chimbs. They also discuss the benefits of trunk planning and the dangers of dendrites.
Dionísio em Berlim (Quelônio, 2019) é o último romance do escritor, tradutor, professor de criação literária e doutor em Psicologia pela USP, Tiago Novaes (1979) e no episódio de hoje trazemos o primeiro capítulo desta história enigmática: "Emin", a partir de uma parceria que fizemos com Tiago no LdO, aliada à participação no podcast de Tiago Novaes: Prelo. Dionísio em Berlim presta homenagem ao mito literário do deus Dioniso. Se este desce aos infernos para procurar sua mãe Sêmele (Horácio), o protagonista criado por Tiago procura abolir o destino, em busca do pai, encadeando experiências para encontrar suas origens. Se o deus é uma personalidade complexa e fugidia, isso também é incorporado no romance com a voz de cinco narradores, todos estrangeiros, cada qual chamando o protagonista por um diferente nome: para o turco Emin, é Zagreu. Para a argentina Mercedes, é Eleutério. Para a palestina Silena, é Dendrites. Para o sudanês Kamal, é Brômios. Para a mexicana Agave, é El Greco. É pela voz do outro, vindo de outras origens, que conhecemos o protagonista inatingível. Esse personagem misterioso chega a Berlim, depois de passar por Nova York, como um migrante desterrado. É um romance sobre a busca. Adquira nas principais livrarias e distribuidoras do país. Boa leitura! Clique aqui para comprar o livro Dionísio em Berlim Clique aqui para escutar o podcast de Tiago Novaes Apoie pela chave PIX: leituradeouvido@gmail.com Apoie pelo financiamento coletivo: https://apoia.se/leituradeouvido Entre em contato: leituradeouvido@gmail.com Instagram e Facebook: @leituradeouvido Direção e narração: @daianapasquim Direção, edição, trilha de abertura e arte de capa: @lucaspiaceski Uma produção @rockastudios #tiagonovaes #escritacriativa #dionisioemberlim #literaturabrasileira #livrospremiados
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.18.508423v1?rss=1 Authors: Kwapiszewski, J. T., Rivera-Perez, L. M., Roberts, M. T. Abstract: Cholinergic signaling shapes sound processing and plasticity in the inferior colliculus (IC), the midbrain hub of the central auditory system, but how cholinergic terminals contact and influence individual neuron types in the IC remains largely unknown. Using pharmacology and electrophysiology, we recently found that acetylcholine strongly excites VIP neurons, a class of glutamatergic principal neurons in the IC, by activating 3{beta}4* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Here, we confirm and extend these results using tissue from mice of both sexes. First, we show that mRNA encoding 3 and {beta}4 nAChR subunits is expressed in many neurons throughout the IC, including most VIP neurons, suggesting that these subunits, which are rare in the brain, are important mediators of cholinergic signaling in the IC. Next, by combining fluorescent labeling of VIP neurons and immunofluorescence against the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), we show that individual VIP neurons in the central nucleus of the IC (ICc) are contacted by a large number of cholinergic boutons. Cholinergic boutons were distributed adjacent to the somata and along the full length of the dendritic arbors of VIP neurons, positioning cholinergic signaling to affect synaptic computations arising throughout the somatodendritic compartments of VIP neurons. In addition, cholinergic boutons were observed in close apposition to dendritic spines on VIP neurons, raising the possibility that cholinergic signaling also modulates presynaptic release onto VIP neurons. Together, these results strengthen evidence that cholinergic signaling exerts widespread influence on auditory computations performed by VIP neurons and other neurons in the IC. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by PaperPlayer
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.09.19.508514v1?rss=1 Authors: Kamiyama, D., Nishida, Y., Kamiyama, R., Fitch, M. A., Chihara, T. Abstract: The formation of primary dendrites (dendritogenesis) significantly affects the overall orientation and coverage of dendritic arborization, limiting the number and types of inputs a neuron can receive. Previously we reported how a Drosophila motoneuron spatially controls the positioning of dendritogenesis through the Dscam1/Dock/Pak1 pathway; however, how the neuron defines the timing of this process remains elusive. Here we show that the Eph receptor tyrosine kinase provides a temporal cue. We find that, at the onset of dendritogenesis, the Eph receptor recruits the Rho Family GEF Vav to the intracellular domain of Eph, which transiently activates the Cdc42 family of small GTPase. We also show that vap33 (vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein) mutants exhibit defects in Cdc42 activation and dendritic outgrowth, indicating Vap33 may play an upstream role in Eph signaling. Together, our result and previous studies argue that the formation of primary dendrites requires the proximity of active Cdc42 and membrane-anchored Pak1 driven by collaborative action between two distinct signaling complexes, Vap33/Eph/Vav and Dscam1/Dock. Signal integration from multiple input pathways would represent a general mechanism for the spatiotemporal precision of dendrite branch formation. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by PaperPlayer
You can email us questions, comments, and beer recs at podcast@barleyprose.com. Michael and Jason talk Timmy Trumpets, holding off the Braves, Dendrites, and jerseys. What do you wear to Mets games? Some talk on what may or may not be wrong with the Mets, playoff seeding, and vacation beers. Let's whittle down that magic number! … Continue reading "Mets On Tap Episode 59 Timmy Trumpets Episode"
#multitasklearning #biology #neuralnetworks Catastrophic forgetting is a big problem in mutli-task and continual learning. Gradients of different objectives tend to conflict, and new tasks tend to override past knowledge. In biological neural networks, each neuron carries a complex network of dendrites that mitigate such forgetting by recognizing the context of an input signal. This paper introduces Active Dendrites, which carries over the principle of context-sensitive gating by dendrites into the deep learning world. Various experiments show the benefit in combatting catastrophic forgetting, while preserving sparsity and limited parameter counts. OUTLINE: 0:00 - Introduction 1:20 - Paper Overview 3:15 - Catastrophic forgetting in continuous and multi-task learning 9:30 - Dendrites in biological neurons 16:55 - Sparse representations in biology 18:35 - Active dendrites in deep learning 34:15 - Experiments on multi-task learning 39:00 - Experiments in continual learning and adaptive prototyping 49:20 - Analyzing the inner workings of the algorithm 53:30 - Is this the same as just training a larger network? 59:15 - How does this relate to attention mechanisms? 1:02:55 - Final thoughts and comments Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.00042 Blog: https://numenta.com/blog/2021/11/08/c... ERRATA: - I was made aware of this by https://twitter.com/ChainlessCoder: "That axon you showed of the pyramidal neuron, is actually the apical dendrite of the neuron". Sorry, my bad :) Abstract: A key challenge for AI is to build embodied systems that operate in dynamically changing environments. Such systems must adapt to changing task contexts and learn continuously. Although standard deep learning systems achieve state of the art results on static benchmarks, they often struggle in dynamic scenarios. In these settings, error signals from multiple contexts can interfere with one another, ultimately leading to a phenomenon known as catastrophic forgetting. In this article we investigate biologically inspired architectures as solutions to these problems. Specifically, we show that the biophysical properties of dendrites and local inhibitory systems enable networks to dynamically restrict and route information in a context-specific manner. Our key contributions are as follows. First, we propose a novel artificial neural network architecture that incorporates active dendrites and sparse representations into the standard deep learning framework. Next, we study the performance of this architecture on two separate benchmarks requiring task-based adaptation: Meta-World, a multi-task reinforcement learning environment where a robotic agent must learn to solve a variety of manipulation tasks simultaneously; and a continual learning benchmark in which the model's prediction task changes throughout training. Analysis on both benchmarks demonstrates the emergence of overlapping but distinct and sparse subnetworks, allowing the system to fluidly learn multiple tasks with minimal forgetting. Our neural implementation marks the first time a single architecture has achieved competitive results on both multi-task and continual learning settings. Our research sheds light on how biological properties of neurons can inform deep learning systems to address dynamic scenarios that are typically impossible for traditional ANNs to solve. Authors: Abhiram Iyer, Karan Grewal, Akash Velu, Lucas Oliveira Souza, Jeremy Forest, Subutai Ahmad
#multitasklearning #biology #neuralnetworks This is an interview with the paper's authors: Abhiram Iyer, Karan Grewal, and Akash Velu! Paper Review Video: https://youtu.be/O_dJ31T01i8 Check out Zak's course on Graph Neural Networks (discount with this link): https://www.graphneuralnets.com/p/int... Catastrophic forgetting is a big problem in mutli-task and continual learning. Gradients of different objectives tend to conflict, and new tasks tend to override past knowledge. In biological neural networks, each neuron carries a complex network of dendrites that mitigate such forgetting by recognizing the context of an input signal. This paper introduces Active Dendrites, which carries over the principle of context-sensitive gating by dendrites into the deep learning world. Various experiments show the benefit in combatting catastrophic forgetting, while preserving sparsity and limited parameter counts. OUTLINE: 0:00 - Intro 0:55 - Sponsor: GNN Course 2:30 - How did the idea come to be? 7:05 - What roles do the different parts of the method play? 8:50 - What was missing in the paper review? 10:35 - Are biological concepts viable if we still have backprop? 11:50 - How many dendrites are necessary? 14:10 - Why is there a plateau in the sparsity plot? 20:50 - How does task difficulty play into the algorithm? 24:10 - Why are there different setups in the experiments? 30:00 - Is there a place for unsupervised pre-training? 32:50 - How can we apply the online prototyping to more difficult tasks? 37:00 - What did not work out during the project? 41:30 - How do you debug a project like this? 47:10 - How is this related to other architectures? 51:10 - What other things from neuroscience are to be included? 55:50 - Don't miss the awesome ending :) Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.00042 Blog: https://numenta.com/blog/2021/11/08/c... Link to the GNN course (with discount): https://www.graphneuralnets.com/p/int... Authors: Abhiram Iyer, Karan Grewal, Akash Velu, Lucas Oliveira Souza, Jeremy Forest, Subutai Ahmad Links: TabNine Code Completion (Referral): http://bit.ly/tabnine-yannick YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/yannickilcher Twitter: https://twitter.com/ykilcher Discord: https://discord.gg/4H8xxDF BitChute: https://www.bitchute.com/channel/yann... LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ykilcher
Stevie J Plays the following tracks: Orange Goblin-Sons Of Salem King Buffalo-Red Star (Part 2) Dendrites-Throwing Rocks Urne-The Palace Of Devil & Wolves Paradox-Escape From The Burning Motorhead-Overkill Imminence-Surrender King Buffalo-Cosmonaut Celtic Frost-Into The Crypts Of Rays Enemy Of The Enemy-The Last Dance Anthrax-A.I.R. King Creature-The Pusher King Buffalo-Grifter King Bastard-Bury The Survivors/ Ashes To Ashes King Voodoo-Drag Me To The Water Kingwitch-Body Of Light Monster Magnet-Motorcycle (Straight To Hell) Green Lung-Leaders Of The Blind King Buffalo-Shadows Orange Goblin, King Buffalo, Dendrites, Urne, Paradox, Motorhead, Imminence, Celtic Frost, Enemy Of The Enemy, Anthrax, King Creature, King Bastard, King Voodoo, Kingwitch, Monster Magnet, Green Lung, Rockhammer with Stevie J, Rock Radio, Heavy Metal, Heavy Rock, Stevie J, Rockshow, Rockhammer,
Premier épisode “hors les murs”, cet épisode est aussi le premier de la seconde saison de Cadre bâti. Pour l'occasion, Guillaume et Maude visitent l'atelier de l'artiste en arts visuels et sculpteur Michel de Broin. Artiste reconnu mondialement, il a œuvré abondamment dans l'espace public avec des œuvres d'art public à Montréal (Dendrites, Révolutions, etc.) et dans plusieurs villes canadiennes et européennes. Plusieurs rétrospectives sur son œuvre ont été organisées au cours des années, dont une exposition en solo au Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal. Après un bref tour des lieux, Michel, Guillaume et Maude se mettent à table pour discuter des plus récents projets de l'artiste, du processus qu'implique la réalisation d'une œuvre d'art public et du rapport que ces dernières entretiennent avec la ville. Qu'est-ce que l'art public au juste ? Entre la démarche terroriste de l'œuvre organique à petite échelle et la commande publique de l'œuvre officielle qui se déploie à grande échelle, on apprend que l'art public est — entre autres — un combat, un jeu, une guerre de pouvoir ; bref, c'est le fruit d'une démarche de négociation. La ville n'est jamais bien loin dans les œuvres de Michel de Broin. Le cadre bâti, les infrastructures urbaines, la signalétique sont souvent détournés, forçant ainsi une perspective nouvelle sur des objets et des espaces du quotidien. Une piste cyclable qui s'apparente à un barbeau dessiné par un enfant, un escalier qui nous ramène au point de départ, des tuyaux entremêlés, des lampadaires agglomérés à leur base. Michel joue avec les normes et les codes, vient déranger et interroger des systèmes bien en place. Toujours ludique, mais toujours critique également.
This is Jeffrey Mishlove's fourth experiment in creating a series of short phrases that describe the succession of about sixty mental states experienced throughout a week of meditation. This particular rendition differs from the previous three insofar as Jeffrey, himself (and his dopplegänger), entered into a deeper meditative state while reciting the poetic list of … Continue reading "InPresence 0235: Cosmic Dendrites"
Welcome back to the Neuroscience Meets Social and Emotional Learning Podcast, for Brain Fact Friday and episode #141. In today's episode, you will learn: ✔︎ Tips for regrowing your brain cells (neurogenesis) ✔︎ A reminder of what prevents neurogenesis and hurts your brain I'm Andrea Samadi, author and educator from Toronto, Canada, now living in Arizona, and like many of our listeners, have been fascinated with learning and understanding the science behind high performance strategies in our schools, sports, and modern workplaces of the future. If you have been listening to our podcast, you will know that we've uncovered that if we want to improve our social and emotional skills, and experience success in our work and personal lives, it all begins with an understanding of our brain. And since most of us have not had a crash course in the basics of neuroscience, and how an understanding of our brain can impact learning, I launched this podcast in June 2019 with the goal of interviewing leaders and experts who have risen to the top of their field, using these success principles. I'm writing this before recording episode #143 with Dr. Jon Lieff, whose book The Secret Language of Cells: What Biological Conversation Tells Us About the Brain-Body Connection, the Future of Medicine and Life Itself[i], and his book has really got me thinking. We know that brain health is important, but could the cells in our body be important for our health, translating into our productivity, results and future well-being? Just like I had never thought about my brain as it related to my results prior to understanding how important our brain was for our future, I definitely have never thought about my health down to the level of my cells. Or even thought about how brain cells (neurons) are different from the other cells in my body (like organ lining cells, immune cells, or blood vessel cells). Have you? This Leads us to This Week's Brain Fact Friday: Did you know that “we can regrow brain cells (a process called neurogenesis) that we retain throughout our entire lifetime”[ii] and that the best way to increase neurogenesis (regrow your brain cells) is “when your body produces more BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor.” (Dr. David Perlmutter). We covered an introduction to BDNF on episode #114 “Building a Faster, Stronger, Resilient Brain, by Understanding Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor”[iii] and how important BDNF is for learning and memory, with some tips for increasing your BDNF levels. What Helps Your Brain Cells? Exercise releases BDNF: Dr. Ratey, in his book Go Wild explained that researchers were looking at ways to prevent the aging brain and found that “seniors who exercised developed significantly larger hippocampal volumes (the part of the brain responsible for memory processing) improving their memory.”[iv] They found that exercise also “prevented a loss of grey matter overall (which is common in aging) and improved brain function.” (Page 107). Since we are all aging, it makes sense to me that this research is relevant to all of us, not just the aging brain, proving again, of the importance of exercise as one of the health staples we should all be aware of. Nutrition also releases BDNF: Taking Omega-3 DHA also increases your BDNF and helps to increase neurogenesis. “Omega-3 fatty acids have the potential to influence neurogenesis through at least two distinct mechanisms. First, omega-3 fatty acids are incorporated into neuronal membranes…A second potential pathway …(where) these diets may influence neurogenesis is via omega-3 fatty acid modulation of cytokine levels, which in turn regulates immune function.”[v] What Hurts Your Brain Cells? We know that diet and exercise help our brain to build new neurons, but what hurts your brain and kills your brain cells? Chronic stress, lack of sleep, poor diet and chemical and pesticide exposure all prevent neurogenesis and our podcast episode with Dr. Lieff on The Secret Language of Cells (Coming next week) we touch on this, but contrary to popular belief, “moderate alcohol use doesn't kill brain cells.”[vi] Not to say that alcohol does not damage the brain it just doesn't kill brain cells. “It can damage the dendrites which are the branch-like ends of the brain cells. Dendrites are key for passing messages from one neuron to another, so dendrite degradation can cause cognitive problems.”[vii] Conclusion: Can we control neurogenesis by increasing BDNF? Sandrine Thuret thinks we can, and offers her ideas in her TED TALK[viii] She shows the clear case for exercise with an image I have put in the show notes showing new brain cells (black dots) growing in rats who were runners, versus less brain cell growth in the no-running rats. (Image showing new brain cells (black dots) growing in rats who were runners Source-You can grow new brain cells. Here's how. Published on YouTube October 30, 2015 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_tjKYvEziI&t=5s Sandrine Thuret's TED TALK lists many ways you can grow new brain cells (the highlighted words) with intermittent fasting, flavonoids (found in dark chocolate) and caffeine being a few evidence-based strategies. Conversely, she mentions a diet high in saturated fat, sugar or ethanol, will have a negative impact on neurogenesis. Image Source: Here's how. Published on YouTube October 30, 2015 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_tjKYvEziI&t=5s (7:26) This Brain Fact Friday was a reminder for me to take my OMEGA-3 fatty acids. I hope it's opened up your mind for some new ideas. Stay tuned next week for Dr. Jon Leiff's fascinating interview on his book, The Secret Language of Cells, as well as a case study from Michal Ricca, the founder of the Now I Can Read Program, who has taught over 1,000 children to read with her program. See you next week. REFERENCES: [i] The Secret Language of Cells: What Biological Conversation Tells Us About the Brain-Body Connection by Jon Lieff, MD. September 22, 2020 https://www.amazon.com/dp/B084HKZ4HK/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1 [ii] Grow New Brain Cells with Exercise with Dr. David Perlmutter YouTube Published Dec.4, 2014 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4NfYd4wq7o&t=3s [iii] Neuroscience Meets Social and Emotional Learning Podcast EPISODE #114 “Building a Faster, Stronger, Resilient Brain, by Understanding Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor” https://andreasamadi.podbean.com/e/brain-fact-friday-on-building-a-faster-stronger-resilient-brain-by-understanding-brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor-bdnf/ [iv] Go Wild: Eat Fat, Run Free, Be Social, and Follow Evolution's Other Rules for Total Health and Well-Being by John J Ratey, MD and Richard Manning (June 3, 2014) https://www.amazon.com/Go-Wild-Free-Afflictions-Civilization-ebook/dp/B00FPQA66C [v] Omega-3 fatty acids upregulate adult neurogenesis by Barbara S. Beltz, Michael F Tlusty, Jeannie L Benton, and David C Sandeman Published Jan. 7, 2007 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1892224/#:~:text=Omega%2D3%20fatty%20acids%20have,transporters%20and%20receptors%20%5B4%5D. [vi] Brain Myth: Drinking Alcohol Kills Brain Cells https://www.brainhq.com/brain-resources/cool-brain-facts-myths/brain-mythology/brain-myth-alcohol-kills-brain-cells/ [vii] IBID [viii] You can grow new brain cells. Here's how. Published on YouTube October 30, 2015 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_tjKYvEziI&t=5s
Neurons Neuroglial cells Dendrites,axon,Nerve
The author reads a poem. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/garrison-clifford-gibson/support
耳朵學英文 大腦篇#6，突觸 synapses synopsis (n.) a short description of the contents of something such as a film or book （電影、書籍等的）概要，梗概，提要 ..... BBC, NY Times, Match (詞組搭配) 每月開班！ 請私訊林威老師 lineID: linwayet 各位同學好，我是林威老師， 英文教學已達27年 講解BBC 720篇文章(3年)， 經濟學人2100篇文章 (8年) 花了三年的時間整理的終極片語， 豐富的例句中英對照 本書前面有53個重要的字根， 以及字首字尾整理 本書本的最後還整理了 兩個動詞make和take的慣用語的比較 只要購買字根200回影片講解 (雲端分享)，贈送本書, 歡迎點選demo影片 ! ….. 我有個商品要賣『林威老師親編終極片語+影片講解200個字根』，售價$6,000！快到我的店鋪看看吧！https://shopee.tw/product/18811006/6072162816?smtt=0.18812342-1609723528.4 #蝦皮購物 ...... The human brain weighs approximately 1.4 kg and is made up of billions of cells called neurons. Junctions between neurons, known as synapses, enable electrical and chemical messages to be transmitted from one neuron to the next in the brain, a process that underlies basic sensory functions and that is critical to learning, memory and thought formation, and other cognitive activities. 人腦重約1.4公斤，由數十億個稱為神經元的細胞組成。神經元之間的連接稱為突觸，使電和化學信息可以從一個神經元傳遞到大腦中的另一個神經元，這一過程是基本的感覺功能的基礎，對學習，記憶和思維形成以及其他認知活動至關重要。 .... In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or to the target effector cell. Synapses are essential to the transmission of nervous impulses from one neuron to another. 在神經系統中，突觸是允許神經元（或神經細胞）將電或化學信號傳遞到另一個神經元的結構。突觸對於神經衝動從一個神經元到另一個神經元的傳遞至關重要。 ...... In the central nervous system, a synapse is a small gap at the end of a neuron that allows a signal to pass from one neuron to the next. Synapses are found where nerve cells connect with other nerve cells. Synapses are key to the brain's function, especially when it comes to memory. 突觸是大腦功能的關鍵，特別是在記憶方面。 The term synapse was first introduced in 1897 by physiologist Michael Foster in his "Textbook of Physiology" and is derived from the Greek synapsis, meaning "conjunction." ... Neurons have specialized projections called dendrites and axons. Dendrites bring information to the cell body and axons take information away from the cell body. 神經元本身除了有 cell body，還有樹突和軸突。樹突將信息帶到細胞體，軸突將信息帶離細胞體。
In this episode, we review The Dendrites' new album Lunchin' with the Dendrites which is out now. We also interview local music teacher Mike Strausbaugh. The Dendrites: https://thedendritesmassive.bandcamp.com/ (Bandcamp )https://www.facebook.com/thedendritesmassive/ (Facebook) https://www.instagram.com/thedendrites/?hl=en (Instagram) https://open.spotify.com/artist/6N1jo4kNByp42cCDIrsOPE (Spotify) Mike Strausbaugh: https://www.strausbaughguitar.com/ (Website) https://www.instagram.com/strausbaughguitar/ (Instagram) Links to articles covered in the news: https://www.westword.com/arts/mutiny-information-cafe-trinidad-khalatbari-colorado-11834684 (Mutiny Information Cafe in Trinidad CO) https://theknow.denverpost.com/2020/11/13/john-elliott-death-covid19-streets-denver/248786/ (The passing of John Elliot ) https://www.gofundme.com/f/in-memory-of-john-elliott (John Elliot memorial fund ) -- We are always looking for Denver, Co area artists to get involved. If you want to get involved, clickhttps://www.denvermusiccommunity.com/get-promoted ( here )and fill out the form. You can always check out our https://www.instagram.com/denvermusiccommunity/ (Instagram), https://open.spotify.com/user/a56140cu3rhrclyw8zp82v9vr (Spotify) and https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCed2TEjPJ7G6RpKzKIgj0Mw/?sub_confirmation=1 (Youtube) if you are interested in seeing what we are up to. This podcast uses the following third-party services for analysis: Podcorn - https://podcorn.com/privacy
Welcome to Neurotech Pub, hosted by Paradromics Inc and SynBioBeta. In this episode, host and Paradromics CEO, Matt Angle, speaks with Tim Harris, Cindy Chestek, and Philip "Flip" Sabes about the big programmatic challenges in neurotechnology. We talk about the differences between labs, startups, and large research consortia. We discuss the difference between neuroscience and neuroengineering, and Tim explains how one of the biggest breakthroughs in neurophysiology was the product of….lawyers.Check out full video with transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/neurotech-pub-episode-1-biologists-engineers-and-lawyers 2:04 Jester King Brewery, Dripping Springs, TX | 3:03 Bell Labs | 7:31 Michael Jordan | 9:05 Krishna Shenoy and Reid Harrison | 9:49 Stevenson's Law | 12:10 The Utah Array | 13:43 Neuropixels | 14:06 Dendrites by Nelson Sprusten, Greg Stuart, and Michael Häusser | 24:47 Low-power neural signal processing by Chestek Lab | 26:54 Spike sorting, Dimensionality, and Decoding | 27:30 Neural Task Complexity | 28:43 A 16-beam system that records ~1,000 neurons @ ~10 Hz | 32:16 The Braingate clinical trials | 34:15 Using Muscles as Bioelectronic Amplifiers in Peripheral Nerve Applications | 35:28 Jack Judy, University of Florida | 37:59 Touch Sensation | 38:06 DARPA HAPTIX Program | 39:22 Muscle Taco | 41:22 Janelia Research Campus | 45:59 Steliglitz Lab | 50:50 Power Consumption | 54:31 Eddie Chang and Chang Lab | 55:20 Buzsaki Paper | 55:45 BioRxiv pre-print on the Paradromics Argo System | 56:16 NeuroGrid: Recording Action Potentials from the Surface of the Brain | 1:01:30 Physical Principles for Scalable Neural Recording | 1:02:03 Pierebone lab's work with DARPA |1:04:18 Carbon Fiber Ultramicroelectrodes | 1:05:05 IMEC work with nanolaminate | 1:05:05 Picosun and Brown University |1:05:16 Stuart Cogan | 1:05:18 Michel Maharbiz | 1:07: 08 Takashi Kozai and Daryl Kipke | 1:09:44 Utah Array, Blackrock Microsystems | 1:12:29 DBS for Depression | 1:18:37 The Sewing Machine | 1:22:32 Paradromics Laser Surgical Tool | 1:22:42 Recent Papers from Schaefer and Melosh Group | 1:23:46 Tim Gardner's work on Carbon Fiber Arrays | 1:23:54 Mechanics of Microwire Penetration | 1:25:38 FDA scientists work on Accelerated Aging | Want more? Follow Paradromics & Neurotech Pub on Twitter Follow Matt A, Tim Harris, Cindy Chestek, and Philip "Flip" Sabes on Twitter
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.11.08.363200v1?rss=1 Authors: Kim, N., Bahn, S., Choi, J. H., Kim, J. S., Rah, J.-C. Abstract: The posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus (POm) and vibrissal primary motor cortex (vM1) convey a set of critical information regarding whisker position and movement to the barrel cortex (S1BF), and integration of these inputs is essential for whisker-based object localization. A considerable portion of these inputs locates on the distal tuft dendrites of layer (L) 5 pyramidal neurons, where regenerative dendritic activity determines the successful activity propagation. Therefore, understanding the relative spatial relationship and distribution of the inputs are critical prerequisites to acquire insight into how S1 synthesizes information to understand the location of an object. Using array tomography (AT), a high-resolution wide-field microscopy imaging technique that can accurately resolve synapses, we detected the locations of synapses from vM1 and POm on 18 distal tuft dendrites of L5 pyramidal neurons. We found that synapses from M1 and POm impinge on the dendrites with unusually high density and spatial clustering judged by various independent clustering analysis. We believe the exhaustively high density of synaptic inputs, as well as spatial clustering, could enhance the chance of successful dendritic spikes to mitigate the electrotonic disadvantages of the distal inputs. Furthermore, we found that the synaptic clusters of vM1 and POm locate close to each other on the same set of branches, suggesting that synaptic clusters but not dendritic branches, act as functional units cooperatively contribute to the nonlinear dendritic responses. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.30.358861v1?rss=1 Authors: Aihara, S., Fujimoto, S., Sakaguchi, R., Imai, T. Abstract: Developing neurons initially form excessive neurites and then remodel them based on molecular cues and neuronal activity. Developing mitral cells in the olfactory bulb initially extend multiple primary dendrites. They then stabilize single primary dendrites, while eliminating others. However, the mechanisms underlying the selective dendrite remodeling remain elusive. Using CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout screening combined with in utero electroporation, we identified BMPR-2 as a key regulator for the selective dendrite stabilization. Bmpr2 knockout and its rescue experiments show that BMPR-2 inhibits LIMK without ligands and thereby facilitates dendrite destabilization. In contrast, the overexpression of antagonists and agonists indicate that ligand-bound BMPR-2 stabilizes dendrites, most likely by releasing LIMK. Using genetic and FRET imaging experiments, we also demonstrate that free LIMK is activated by NMDARs via Rac1, facilitating dendrite stabilization through F-actin formation. Thus, the selective stabilization of mitral cell dendrites is ensured by concomitant inputs of BMP ligands and neuronal activity. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.29.273227v1?rss=1 Authors: Jensen, T. P., Kopach, O., Savtchenko, L. P., Reynolds, J. P., Rusakov, D. A. Abstract: Dendritic integration of synaptic inputs entangles their increased electrotonic attenuation at distal dendrites, which can be counterbalanced by the increased synaptic receptor density. However, during sustained network activity the influence of individual synapses depends on their release properties. How these properties are distributed along dendrites remains poorly understood. Here, we employed classical optical quantal analyses and a genetically encoded optical glutamate sensor in acute hippocampal slices to monitor release at CA3-CA1 synapses. We find that their release probability increases with greater distances from the soma. Similar-fidelity synapses tend to group together whereas release probability shows no trends regarding the within-branch position. Simulations with a realistic CA1 pyramidal cell hosting stochastic synapses suggest that the observed trends boost signal transfer fidelity, particularly at higher input frequencies. Because high-frequency bursting has been associated with learning, the release probability pattern we have found may play a key role in memory trace formation. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.15.252080v1?rss=1 Authors: Castanares, M. L. G., Stuart, G., Daria, V. R. Abstract: Dendritic spikes in layer 5 pyramidal neurons (L5PNs) play a major role in cortical computation. While dendritic spikes have been studied extensively in apical and basal dendrites of L5PNs, whether oblique dendrites, which ramify in the input layers of the cortex, also generate dendritic spikes is unknown. Here we report the existence of dendritic spikes in apical oblique dendrites of L5PNs. In silico investigations indicate that oblique branch spikes are triggered by brief, low-frequency action potential (AP) trains (~40 Hz) and are characterized by a fast sodium spike followed by activation of voltage-gated calcium channels. In vitro experiments confirmed the existence of oblique branch spikes in L5PNs during brief AP trains at frequencies of around 60 Hz. Oblique branch spikes offer new insights into branch-specific computation in L5PNs and may be critical for sensory processing in the input layers of the cortex. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Apollo Moon Landing, Axons & Dendrites, Q&A
In this flagship episode, we introduce ourselves, discuss the purpose for starting this podcast, talk about some live music events, recap a live-stream music festival, & work out some of the audio technical difficulties of which we appreciate your patience for our learning curve! Thanks for checking out episode one of Checkered Cast. Our theme song “Ruder Than You” was provided by The Scotch Bonnets (http://www.thescotchbonnets.com) & our featured music for this episode was provided by The Dendrites (https://dendritesmassive.com). --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/checkeredcast/message
This week Matt and RJ are joined by Nick from The Dendrites. We play a song from their new EP, Lunch With The Dendrites. Nick talks about what it's like being in a primarily instrumental ska band, how he joined the band and he talks about the Denver ska scene. We discuss the results from last week's listener poll and the many dress styles of the ska scene. Matt tells us about a ska band from Sweden, The Statement. Lastly, Matt, RJ, and Nick tell you about their ska picks of the week. The Dendrites: https://thedendritesmassive.bandcamp.com/music On The Upbeat: www.instagram.com/ontheupbeatska www.facebook.com/ontheupbeatska Ska Around The World: The Statement http://www.thestatement.se Ska Picks: Victor Rice http://easystar.com/artists/victor-rice/ Malambo Ska Band https://malamboskaband.bandcamp.com The Mighty Mighty Bosstones: https://www.bosstonesmusic.com On The Upbeat theme music is by Millington. https://millingtonband.bandcamp.com
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.27.119453v1?rss=1 Authors: Lavoie-Cardinal, F., Bilodeau, A., Lemieux, M., Gardner, M.-A., Wiesner, T., Laramee, G., Gagne, C., De Koninck, P. Abstract: The nanoscale organization of the F-actin cytoskeleton in neurons comprises membrane-associated periodical rings, bundles, and longitudinal fibers. The F-actin rings have been observed predominantly in axons but only sporadically in dendrites, where fluorescence nanoscopy reveals various patterns of F-actin arranged in mixed patches. These complex dendritic F-actin patterns pose a challenge for investigating quantitatively their regulatory mechanisms. We developed here a weakly supervised deep learning segmentation approach of fluorescence nanoscopy images of F-actin in cultured hippocampal neurons. This approach enabled the quantitative assessment of F-actin remodeling, revealing the disappearance of the rings during neuronal activity in dendrites, but not in axons. The dendritic F-actin cytoskeleton of activated neurons remodeled into longitudinal fibers. We show that this activity-dependent remodeling involves Ca2+ and NMDA-dependent mechanisms. This highly dynamic restructuring of dendritic F-actin based submembrane lattice into longitudinal fibers may serve to support activity-dependent membrane remodeling, protein trafficking and neuronal plasticity. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.13.094680v1?rss=1 Authors: Tanvir, Z., Rivera, D., Severi, K., Haspel, G., Soares, D. Abstract: Mauthner cells are the largest neurons in the hindbrain of teleost fish and most amphibians. Each cell has two major dendrites thought to receive segregated streams of sensory input: the lateral dendrite receives mechanosensory input while the ventral dendrite receives visual input. These inputs, which mediate escape responses to sudden stimuli, may be modulated by the availability of sensory information to the animal. To understand the impacts of absence of visual information on the morphologies of Mauthner cells during development and evolutionary time scales, we examined Astyanax mexicanus. This species of tetra is found in two morphs: a seeing surface fish and blind cavefish. We compared the structure of Mauthner cells in surface fish raised in daily light conditions, surface fish that raised in constant darkness, and two independent lineages of cave populations. The length of ventral dendrites of Mauthner cells in dark raised surface larvae were longer and more branched, while in both cave morphs the ventral dendrites were smaller or absent. The absence of visual input in surface fish with normal eye development leads to a homeostatic increase in dendrite size, whereas over evolution the absence of light led to the loss of eyes and a phylogenetic reduction in dendrite size. Consequently, homeostatic mechanisms are under natural selection that provide adaptation to constant darkness. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.13.070920v1?rss=1 Authors: Young, E. D., Wu, J. S., Niwa, M., Glowatzki, E. Abstract: The synapse between inner hair cells and auditory nerve fiber dendrites shows large EPSCs, which are either monophasic or multiphasic. Multiquantal or uniquantal flickering release have been proposed to underlie the unusual multiphasic waveforms. Here the nature of multiphasic waveforms is analyzed using EPSCs recorded in vitro in rat afferent dendrites. Spontaneous EPSCs were deconvolved into a sum of presumed release events with monophasic EPSC waveforms. Results incude: first, the charge of EPSCs is about the same for multiphasic versus monophasic EPSCs. Second, EPSC amplitudes decline with the number of release events per EPSC. Third, there is no evidence of a mini-EPSC. Most results can be accounted for by versions of either uniquantal or multiquantal release. However, serial neurotransmitter release in multiphasic EPSCs shows properties that are not fully explained by either model, especially that the amplitudes of individual release events is established at the beginning of a multiphasic EPSC, constraining possible models of vesicle release. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.05.078543v1?rss=1 Authors: Tong, R., Emptage, N. J., Goda, Y. Abstract: Dendrites are crucial for integrating incoming synaptic information. Individual dendritic branches are thought to constitute a signal processing unit, yet how neighbouring synapses shape the boundaries of functional dendritic units are not well understood. Here we addressed the cellular basis underlying the organization of the strengths of neighbouring Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses by optical quantal analysis and spine size measurements. Inducing potentiation at clusters of spines produced NMDA receptor-dependent heterosynaptic plasticity. The direction of postsynaptic strength change showed distance-dependency to the stimulated synapses where proximal synapses predominantly depressed whereas distal synapses potentiated; potentiation and depression were regulated by CaMKII and calcineurin, respectively. By contrast, heterosynaptic presynaptic plasticity was confined to weakening of presynaptic strength of nearby synapses, which required CaMKII and the retrograde messenger nitric oxide. Our findings highlight the parallel engagement of multiple signalling pathways, each with characteristic spatial dynamics in shaping the local pattern of synaptic strengths. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.29.067629v1?rss=1 Authors: Jackson, J. S., Johnson, J. D., Meftah, S., Murray, T. K., Ahmed, Z., Fasiolo, M., Hutton, M. L., Isaac, J. T., O'Neill, M. J., Ashby, M. C. Abstract: Neurodegeneration driven by aberrant tau is a key feature of many dementias. Pathological stages of tauopathy are characterised by reduced synapse density and altered synapse function. Furthermore, changes in synaptic plasticity have been documented in the early stages of tauopathy suggesting that they may be a driver of later pathology. However, it remains unclear if synapse plasticity is specifically linked to the degeneration of neurons. This is partly because, in progressive dementias, pathology can vary widely from cell-to-cell along the prolonged disease time-course. To overcome this variability, we have taken a longitudinal experimental approach to track individual neurons through the progression of neurodegenerative tauopathy. Using repeated in vivo 2-photon imaging in rTg4510 transgenic mice, we have measured structural plasticity of presynaptic terminaux boutons and postsynaptic spines on individual axons and dendrites over long periods of time. By following individual neurons, we have measured synapse density across the neuronal population and tracked changes in synapse turnover in each neuron. We found that tauopathy drives a reduction in density of both presynaptic and postsynaptic structures and that this is partially driven by degeneration of individual axons and dendrites that are spread widely across the disease time-course. Both synaptic loss and neuronal degeneration was ameliorated by reduction in expression of the aberrant P301L transgene, but only if that reduction was initiated early in disease progression. Notably, neurite degeneration was preceded by alterations in synapse turnover that contrasted in axons and dendrites. In dendrites destined to die, there was a dramatic loss of spines in the week immediately before degeneration. In contrast, axonal degeneration was preceded by a progressive attenuation of presynaptic turnover that started many weeks before axon disappearance. Therefore, changes in synapse plasticity are harbingers of degeneration of individual neurites that occur at differing stages of tau-driven neurodegenerative disease, suggesting a cell or neurite autonomous process. Furthermore, the links between synapse plasticity and degeneration are distinct in axonal and dendritic compartments. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
Romanov, Adaptabilidade, Transcendentalismo, Bicicleta de Cérebro ao Contrário, ...
Naming Rights Sponsorship is Now Available!!!! Beefy is taking on the Corona Virus head on and he's banging out the tunes trying to make sure that The Ska Show with Beefy maintains the prestigious mantle of being the SECOND best Ska Podcast on the planet (https://blog.feedspot.com/ska_podcasts/) We bloody love it here at Ska Central! We're still not sure what we have to do to get the number 1 spot though - just keep being awesome I guess! Beefy is quickly making this little corner of the Ska Universe his very own as every week the World's (2nd) Greatest Ska Radio Show airs some of the best Ska music currently out there. Broadcast live from Melbourne to Australia and the rest of the world on 88.3 Southern FM, no other ska show boasts the diversity or the innovation of what Beefy brings to the Ska party! 2019 has proved to be The Year Of Ska and it's up to the Big Beef Man to make sure 2020 keeps getting bigger again! We're going fully live in this hour to try and lift the spirits of the many stuck indoors! There's a live set from The Skatalites, plus awesomeness from Madness, Luke Seymoup, Political Party Crashers, The Slackers, T-Killas, Rumaska, Admiral Ackbar's Dishonourable Discharge, The Anchorage, The Specials, The Dendrites and Death Of Guitar Pop. Check out The Ska Show with Beefy Facebook page for playlists and other fun stuff! Send me your music if you're in a band - do it & I'll play it.
Hey all, this is Jr Ska Boss of Viva Ska Radio where every Wednesday my killer partner in crime Selecta Scream & I try to bring the best in Ska. Old and new and whatever else we can throw in to get your toes tapping. It's a radio show out of Las Vegas, NV and you can check it out on www.dustdevilradio.com 7pm-10pm Pacific on Wednesday evening! Let's dance people! 00:00 - Wank - Blue Skies (White Knuckle Ride '20) 02:59 - Joker's Republic - Falling Behind (Falling Behind '19) 07:23 - the Dendrites - No Money (Lunchin' with the Dendrites '20) 11:02 - Mr. Kingpin - Ease Your Mind (Ease Your Mind '19) 14:24 - the Sheldons - the Shit is Going On (the Sheldons '19) 18:05 - the Zero Class - Main Street (Main Street '16) 20:25 - Happy Drunk Cartel - If You were an Animal (the Rinsed Years '20) RJ sez: Jr Ska Boss sent me a killer line up for this episode, witched I goosed with tracks from the Dendrites and the Sheldons to send it over the top. It's easy to do when I'm starting with quality picks. See, Jr Ska Boss is not just a DJ over at Viva Ska Radio, and he just doesn't DJ at shows between acts, no no no, he's also a full-on show promoter! I got a chance to meet him at a show he DJ'd a few months ago, and we got on great. I complimented his choices throughout the night and it was some fun conversation, then I was like "Oh, I do a ska podcast" and when I told him the show he seemed super stoked. It was a great moment, and from our latest texts he's expressed that he's honored to contribute to the episode, and well, I have to say, I'm honored that he took the time to collaborate with me. Visit the website at http://www.23Ska.com to find links to band websites and songs featured in this episode. Find & follow the show on: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/23minofSka/ Twitter - https://twitter.com/23minofSka Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/23minofska/ Stitcher - https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/23min-of-ska?refid=stpr If you'd like to submit your band for a future show email: submissions@23ska.com Any other questions or comments, please email: podcast@23ska.com There's a lot of great ska vinyl out there, so head over to our partners in crime at http://www.GrandpasCasino.com Also check out our sister podcast the Ska After Party at http://www.SkaAfterParty.com Session : Eightteen // Episode : 404 // Airdate : April 9th, 2020
With the strategy finalized, The Bronze Scales enter the Elder Brain chamber and launch a powerful assault on the aberrations within. In the wake of their half-victory, they venture to the room housing a strange index that will guide them to the spine of Norithil, the dying titan that makes up their world. What they find at the end of the neural pathways challenges their perspectives, and Felix’s convictions. Music: “They Came From the Sky” by August Wilhelmsson Time Stamps 0:00 - Previously... 0:44 - Episode begins. 9:00 - RIP in pieces. 16:15 - Rise from rubble. 21:00 - The way forward. 25:04 - Crystalline Codex. 32:27 - Diners, Dendrites, and Dives. 36:35 - The World Titan. 47:57 - Of one mind. 1:00:26 - Outro. Cast DM - Klouse (twitter.com/KlouseWhite) Amsen - Alexander (twitter.com/StoriesByAmsen) Bál - Roger Ellory - Nyessa (twitter.com/NyessaGaming) Felix - George Vesper - Swan (twitter.com/swanofmischief)
Back with another episode of ska and related sounds to help get us through these times. Speaking of time, it was really easy to lose track of it. Self isolation just has all the days blending together. Luckily we still have some new ska to look at and the means to do so. So come along and listen to new music by Kalles Kaviar, Proyecto Secreto, Those Fine Strangers, The Skatastrophics, The Dendrites, No Villains Left, Barbicide, The Sklutzz, and Spring Heeled Jack U.S.A!
1 . New York Ska-Jazz Ensemble – Free As A Bird 2 . Dendrites – Broken Toaster Social Club 3 . Tokyo Ska Paradise Orchestra – Blue Mountain 4 . […]
No programa de hoje vamos falar sobre o Web Summit, evento que acabou de acontecer em Lisboa / Portugal e contou com a participação de milhares de entusiastas e profissionais ligados a inovação e tecnologia de todo o mundo. Quem vai trazer um pouco deste ambiente pra gente é o Maurício Bueno, sócio fundador da Weme, um hub de inovação e empreendedorismo e o Eduardo Daolio, sócio da Dendrites, uma startup paulista focada em oferecer a pessoas e empresas, tecnologia e dados para a melhor tomada de decisão.No quadro Podcast da Semana, conversamos com a Thata Finotto que nos apresentou seu programa, o Tribo TDAH.
Dr. Barbara is Executive Director of The Institute for Childhood Education, a professional development and consulting firm for those who live and work with children. Barbara started rocking abandoned babies when she was in high school in Washington, D.C. First year teaching was in the inner city. The role of spirituality and faith in children. Faith community is a resilience factor. Faith enables us to have connection. Children have innate understanding of God. When you have that child standing in front of you that can sometimes get on your last nerve, ask not what is wrong with you, but what has happened to you? Impacts us at the cellular level. I look at you with compassion for your story. The kids’ history has told them that the world is not a safe place. “Children act out“ in behavior what they do not have the words to say. How much do we need to know about student’s trauma? The trauma determines the impact. The behavior speaks for itself. Need to look at trauma with a broader lens. What happens inside a child’s body when they experience trauma. FAE and Pre-natal drug exposure impacts organization of brain. Most vulnerable time is in-utero and first two months of life as it relates to brain development. Dr. Perry and neurotransmitters. ADHD medication manipulates one of the three neurotransmitters. Dendrites on neurons related to quality and health of early life. Trauma can interrupt two hemispheres of the brain. Memory, language, using symbols can be compromised by trauma. Moral classrooms, moral children. Children with trauma will only thrive in a community. Developmentally appropriate practice with kids exposed to trauma - Narrow window of strategies. Children with significant trauma act at half their chronological age. Active learning engagement for kids exposed to trauma. Primary strategy is a do-over or reboot. “Let’s try that again!” - may need to model that first. Goal is not to manage behavior but to heal them from inside out. Ignore the no and give two choices! Cozy corner: “You let me know when you’re ready to go back to class.“ Simply changing the location is sometimes enough. Pattern, repetitive movement is calming to the brain. Wet washcloth is a tangible symbol of empathy. How to be a transformative principal? When you see those children who are struggling, remind yourself it’s not about what’s wrong with you, but about what’s happened to you. I know who you are. Schedule a call with Jethro Are you feeling like you are always behind at school? Do you feel like you need about 2 more hours each day to accomplish everything? Here’s how I help principals work manageable hours: Create your ideal week, so that you can leave work at work and enjoy your life! Please take a moment to rate this podcast in iTunes or on Stitcher. Please follow me on Twitter: @jethrojones for the host and @TrnFrmPrincipal for the show. Buy Communication Cards Show notes on TransformativePrincipal.com Download Paperless Principal. Take Control of your email Web Site Transformative Principal on Stitcher Refer A Principal Best Tools for Busy Administrators Survey
23min of Ska is back! Back with a new look, back with a new theme and back with a brand new episode! Oh, hells yeah! This is a great one, for sure. I want to point out that the second song is a brand new track from the Anchorage from their new EP due out next month. After hearing this I can't wait! Of course, that isn't the only quality track being brought to your ears. We also have some fantastic pretty new songs from the Kingstons and King Kong 4 that have been running through my head. Not to mention that Eric Daino track, which is rad, but so is the whole album! This is all mixed in with quality songs from the Magnetics, Contenders and the Dendrites that must be heard, before ending it with a sweet cover by Half Past Two that, well, I put them up to, and they nailed it! 00:00 - the Magnetics - Dr. Martins (Jamaican Ska '18) 02:10 - the Anchorage - Donny (What We Go Through '19) 05:44 - the Kingstons - Run (the Kingstons '18) 09:00 - King Kong 4 - Drink in the Head (Songs for Olly '18) 11:20 - Contenders - Gun (Dynamite '17) 13:57 - Eric Daino - the New Jeff Rosenstock Album (PACKRAT '18) 16:46 - the Dendrites - Booty Lu's Canoe (Damn Right '17) 20:02 - Half Past Two - Young Alien Types (Young Alien Types '18) Visit the website at http://www.23Ska.com to find links to band websites and songs featured in this episode. Find & follow the show on: Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/23minofSka/ Twitter - https://twitter.com/23minofSka Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/23minofska/ Stitcher - https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/23min-of-ska?refid=stpr There's a lot of great ska vinyl out there, so head over to our partners in crime at http://www.GrandpasCasino.com Session : 16 // Episode : 346 // Original Airdate : January 10th, 2019
You might think it's laughing gas or a race car fuel, but NO! Nitric Oxide is a crucial compound vital for healthy brain function. Viki Tellios is a neuroscience PhD student working to find out just how NO affects cerebellum development and maintenance. On this episode, Ariel and Yimin learn about an unexpected connection between Bill Nye and "drunk" mice. If you would like to know more about Viki's research, you can email her at vtellios@uwo.ca Hosts: Yimin Chen and Ariel Frame Produced by Susan Anthony
This episode is a tribute to those little bits of plastic, metal, and silicone that help keep us sane during the day. This is also dedicated to the friends of the show that help keep it going via sending albums via the Bandcamp wishlist. Between headphones, friends, and music what more could one ask? We've got a great show to exercise your headphones, including tracks from Dropthehammer, Photonoid, anal botox, Odradek Room, MOTOR, Dendrites, Thunderhag, Inhaling the Plague, and Neverside. Plus it's CC-licensed so you can exercise your friends headphones as well. (00:11) New Fire Of Prometheus by Dropthehammer from Abortus Dei (BY-NC-ND) (02:00) Alpha Centauri by Phobonoid from s/t (BY-SA) (06:35) primordial squealing by anal botox from vaginal rhinoplasty (BY-NC) (08:33) Mirror Labyrinth by Odradek Room from A Man of Silt (BY-NC) (14:51) Good Evening (This Is Over The Top) by MOTOR from Motor [Full Length] (BY-NC-ND) (16:49) Breath by Dendrites from Dendrites (BY-NC-ND) (21:06) Monday by Thunderhag from None (BY-NC-ND) (24:55) Slithering Embrace by Inhaling The Plague from Man Made Epidemic (BY-NC-ND) (27:41) Fiunte by Neverside from This Is Our Gun (BY-NC-SA) Please support the bands in this show! Buy a T-Shirt, buy an album, or head to the shows. Whatever you can do to help these bands keep making music, please do it! If you have any suggestions for Creative Commons licensed metal, send me a link at craig@openmetalcast.com. Open Metalcast #161 (MP3) Open Metalcast #161 (OGG)
Neurons share information via synapses, but how do scientists? We talk to the distinguished Dr. Karel Svoboda from Janelia Research Campus about his breakthroughs in understanding synapses, problems with "big data", and the role of machine learning in future scientific progress. We also learn about ways in which open data sharing can benefit science. All of this and more on this special episode of Neurotransmissions!
Basic Brain Biology Your brain is made of cells. Those cells are called neurons. Neurons transmit signals in the form of electricity (aka .positive and negative charges). One end of a neuron will build a signal or charge, and once it reaches a certain threshold, then a signal is send down the axons. Most of the cells in your body touch and transmit signals and pass chemicals through their membranes. Neurons do not touch. The terminals of one will get really really close to the dendrites of another. They're really good at the telephone game - mostly because the body tries to minimize the number of neurons involved in passing a signal. Axons are coated in myelin. Myelin insulates the axon that helps the signal being sent travel faster, and prevents it from getting lost to something else touching it. You want the signal to have to same strength when it reaches its destination as it did when it left its source. Parts of a neuron Dendrites: receives signals from previous neuron Cell body: contains the nucleus and creates and translates signals Axon: the "wire" that transmits signals Terminals: sends signals to the next neuron Grey matter - cell bodies, dendrites, and terminals White matter - axons wrapped in myelin Grey matter - information storage and translation White matter - information transmission Brain: grey matter is on the outside, white matter is on the inside Spinal cord: grey matter is on the inside, white matter is on the outside. PS. Grey? Gray? IDK!!! Connect with me Support us on Patreon *NEW* Join the Pharmacist Answers Podcast Community on Facebook Subscribe: iTunes, Stitcher, GooglePlay, TuneIn Radio Like the Facebook page Music Credits: “Radio Martini” Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
WE ARE LIVE! In this episode, some AMAZING music - plus, Steeny won't talk about Football, reminisces about a journey in a Saab and I get a bit too excited. Plus the world premiere of FrankenSteen Tracklisting: 1. Daevid Allen - Its the time of your life 2. Bob Seger Sound - Ramblin Gamblin man 3. The Dirtbombs- Your Love 4. The Allman Brothers Band - ? 5. Girls Against Boys - Cruise Yourself 6. Little Richard - I Got It 7. Goat - Diarabi 8. Skorpio - Please, Make up your Mind 9. Wolf People - Hesperus 10. Ian Hunter - All American Alien Boy 11. Fred Neil - Dolphins 12. Shipping News - Axons and Dendrites (live) 13. Iron Maiden - Wratchchild 14. The Open Mind - The Magic Potion 15. The Rattles - Devil Son 16. The Flower Travelling Band - Satori Pt 1 17. The Flying Burrito Brothers - Aint that a lot of love (Live) 18. Nolan Porter - Keep on Keeping on 19. The Buzzcocks - Nothing Left 20. Thin Lizzy - Little girl in bloom 21. No Spill Blood - ? 22. The Move - ? 23. The Moody Blues - Go Now 24. Juicy Lucy - Who do you love
This week on the On Your Mind neuroscience podcast: We’re going back to basic science this week with a paper on dendrite regeneration by Stone et al. We’ll also talk about the darkside of genius and the inspiring concept of a journal edited by kids, for kids. For shownotes and links to everything we've talk about today check out www.onyourmind.ca/destroying_dendrites
http://www.einstein.yu.edu - Dr. Hannes Buelow has identified a gene that orchestrates the crucially important branching of nerve fibers that occurs during development. The findings were published online today in the journal Cell. Dr. Buelow is associate professor in the Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience and of genetics at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. See accompanying release: http://www.einstein.yu.edu/news/releases/941/previously-unstudied-gene-is-essential-for-normal-nerve-development/
Fakultät für Biologie - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 05/06
Thu, 17 Jan 2013 12:00:00 +0100 https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15524/ https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/15524/1/Chakrabarty_Arnab.pdf Chakrabarty, Arnab ddc:570, ddc:500, Fakultä
How nerve cells make decisions, how genes control behaviour, using light to interrogate neuronal circuits, anxiety attacks, deep brain stimulation to bust addiction, how the immune system can cause psychosis, the genetics of behavioural problems and hallucinogenic flashbacks: fact, or a mind playing tricks on you? This week we launch Naked Neuroscience, a new monthly podcast to open your mind... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists
How nerve cells make decisions, how genes control behaviour, using light to interrogate neuronal circuits, anxiety attacks, deep brain stimulation to bust addiction, how the immune system can cause psychosis, the genetics of behavioural problems and hallucinogenic flashbacks: fact, or a mind playing tricks on you? This week we launch Naked Neuroscience, a new monthly podcast to open your mind... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists
How nerve cells make decisions, how genes control behaviour, using light to interrogate neuronal circuits, anxiety attacks, deep brain stimulation to bust addiction, how the immune system can cause psychosis, the genetics of behavioural problems and hallucinogenic flashbacks: fact, or a mind playing tricks on you? This week we launch Naked Neuroscience, a new monthly podcast to open your mind... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists
How nerve cells make decisions, how genes control behaviour, using light to interrogate neuronal circuits, anxiety attacks, deep brain stimulation to bust addiction, how the immune system can cause psychosis, the genetics of behavioural problems and hallucinogenic flashbacks: fact, or a mind playing tricks on you? This week we launch Naked Neuroscience, a new monthly podcast to open your mind... Like this podcast? Please help us by supporting the Naked Scientists
Fakultät für Biologie - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 04/06
Dendrite morphology is the most prominent feature of nerve cells, investigated since the origins of modern neuroscience. The last century of neuroanatomical research has revealed an overwhelming diversity of different dendritic shapes and complexities. Its great variability, however, largely interferes with understanding the underlying principles of neuronal wiring and its functional implications. This work addresses this issue by studying a morphological and functional exception- ally conserved network of neurons located in the visual system of flies. Lobula Plate Tangential Cells (LPTCs) have been shown to compute motion vision and contribute to the impressive flight capabilities of flies. Cells of this system exhibit a high degree of constancy in topographic location, morphology and function over all individuals of one species. This constancy allows investigation of functionally identical cells over a large population of flies, and therefore potentially to truly understand the underlying principles of their morphologies. Supported by a large database of in vivo cell reconstructions and a computational quantification framework, it was possible to uncover some of those principles of LPTC anatomy. We show that the key to the cells’ morphological identity lies in the size and shape of the area they span into. Their detailed branching structure and topology is then merely a result of a common growth program shared by all analyzed cells. Application of a previously published branching theory confirmed this finding. When grown into the spanning fields obtained from the in vivo cell reconstruction, artificial cells could be synthesized that resembled all anatomical properties that characterize their natural counterparts. Furthermore, the morphological comparison of the same identified cells in Calliphora and Drosophila allowed to study a functionally conserved system under the influence of extensive down-scaling. The huge size reduction did not affect the underlying branching principles: Drosophila LPTCs followed the very same rules as their Calliphora coun- terparts. On the other hand, we observed significant differences in complexity and relative diameter scaling. An electrotonic analysis revealed that these differences can be explained by a common functional architecture implemented in the LPTCs of both species. Finally, we could modify the LPTC neuronal interaction behavior thanks to the genetical accessibility of Drosophila’s wiring program. The transmembrane protein family Dscam has been shown to mediate the process of adhesion and repulsion of neurites. By manipulating the molecular Dscam profile in Drosophila LPTCs it was possible to change their morphological expansion. The low variability of the LPTCs spanning field in wild type flies and their two-dimensional extension allowed to thoroughly map these morphological alterations in flies with Dscam modifications. In line with the LPTCs retinotopic input arrangement, electrophysiological experiments yielded an inherent linear relationship of their locally reduced dendritic coverage and their locally reduced stimulus sensitivity. With this work I hope to contribute to the general understanding of neuronal morphology of LPTCs and to present a valuable workflow for the analysis of neuronal structure.
Professor Cliff Abraham, Director Brain Health and Repair Research Centre, Department of Psychology, Division of Science. Recipient of the 2009 Distinguished Research Medal. November 24, 2009.
Fakultät für Biologie - Digitale Hochschulschriften der LMU - Teil 02/06
The development of dendrites leads to the establishment of cell-type specific morphology of dendritic trees that eventually determines the way in which synaptic information is processed within the nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate dendritogenesis of Drosophila motion-sensitive Lobula Plate Tangential Cells (LPTCs) and to understand the role of cytoskeletal molecules in these developmental processes. I employed genetic techniques to obtain fluorescent labeling exclusively in the neurons of interest. In order to visualize the LPTCs confocal imaging was applied. Time point analysis allowed me to follow and describe the phases of LPTC differentiation in the intact Drosophila brain starting from the third instar larva throughout the pupal stages until adulthood. I determined the time when the initial growth of LPTC dendrites starts and showed it to be directional from the beginning. Additionally, I demonstrated that the phase of extensive dendritic growth and branching precedes reorganization processes that lead to establishment of the final architecture of LPTC dendritic trees. In parallel, I attempted to analyze the contribution of actin and tubulin in the shaping of the neurons. In these experiments actin-GFP localized to dendritic termini whereas tubulin-GFP was mainly observed in the primary dendritic branches. These data showed clear similarities between the cytoskeletal organization of LPTCs dendrites and vertebrate neurons. The discovery of the actin enrichment in dendritic termini made me conduct a set of experiments to test if these protrusions are the counterparts of vertebrate spines. I performed a thorough quantitative analysis of spine- like protrusions present on LPTC dendrites. Morphological features like the density and shape of the LPTC spine- like protrusions appeared to be comparable to hippocampal spines. Using immunohistochemical methods I demonstrated that LPTC spine-like protrusions are sites of synaptic contacts. The ultrastructural analysis supported the immunohistochemical data and showed that synaptic transmission takes place at the LPTC spine-like protrusions. Next, I tried to genetically modify these structures by generating LPTC mutant for genes which have vertebrate homologues known to alter spine morphology. I showed that dRac1 can modulate significantly the LPTC spine-like structure density. Finally, I tried to check if Drosophila LPTC spine-like structures are motile. To conclude, I showed an initial description of LPTC dendritogenesis and the subcellular localization of actin and tubulin in these neurons. The actin enriched spine-like structures detected on the LPTC dendrites are sites of synaptic contacts, thus resemble vertebrate spines.
Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.04.20.051342v1?rss=1 Authors: Caze, R. D., Stimberg, M. Abstract: In theory, neurons can compute all threshold functions, but in practice, synaptic weight resolution limits their computing capacity. Here, we study how dendrites alleviate this practical limitation by demonstrating a computation where dendrites considerably decrease the necessary synaptic weights resolution. We show how a biophysical neuron model with two passive dendrites and a soma that can implement this computation more efficiently than a point neuron. The latter requires synaptic weight orders of magnitudes larger than the others, the former implement the computation with equivalent synaptic weights. This work paves the way for a new generation of neuromorphic chips composed of dendritic neurons. These chips will require less space and less energy to function. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info
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