Podcasts about courtine

En este episodio, profundizamos en uno de los fenómenos más devastadores pero menos comprendidos en neurorrehabilitación: la denervación muscular tras una lesión medular. A través de una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica y de la experiencia clínica, abordamos qué ocurre realmente con los músculos que han perdido su inervación, cómo se transforman con el tiempo y qué posibilidades tenemos para intervenir. Hablamos sobre neurofisiología, degeneración axonal, fases de la denervación, y cómo la estimulación eléctrica —especialmente con pulsos largos— puede modificar el curso degenerativo incluso años después de la lesión. Exploramos también el Proyecto RISE, los protocolos clínicos actuales y las implicaciones terapéuticas reales de aplicar electroestimulación en músculos completamente denervados. Si trabajas en neurorrehabilitación o te interesa la ciencia aplicada a la recuperación funcional, este episodio es para ti. Referencias del episodio: 1. Alberty, M., Mayr, W., & Bersch, I. (2023). Electrical Stimulation for Preventing Skin Injuries in Denervated Gluteal Muscles-Promising Perspectives from a Case Series and Narrative Review. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 13(2), 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13020219 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36673029/). 2. Beauparlant, J., van den Brand, R., Barraud, Q., Friedli, L., Musienko, P., Dietz, V., & Courtine, G. (2013). Undirected compensatory plasticity contributes to neuronal dysfunction after severe spinal cord injury. Brain : a journal of neurology, 136(Pt 11), 3347–3361. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awt204 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24080153/). 3. Bersch, I., & Fridén, J. (2021). Electrical stimulation alters muscle morphological properties in denervated upper limb muscles. EBioMedicine, 74, 103737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103737 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34896792/). 4. Bersch, I., & Mayr, W. (2023). Electrical stimulation in lower motoneuron lesions, from scientific evidence to clinical practice: a successful transition. European journal of translational myology, 33(2), 11230. https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2023.11230 (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10388603/). 5. Burnham, R., Martin, T., Stein, R., Bell, G., MacLean, I., & Steadward, R. (1997). Skeletal muscle fibre type transformation following spinal cord injury. Spinal cord, 35(2), 86–91. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3100364 (Burnham, R., Martin, T., Stein, R., Bell, G., MacLean, I., & Steadward, R. (1997). Skeletal muscle fibre type transformation following spinal cord injury. Spinal cord, 35(2), 86–91. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3100364). 6. Carlson B. M. (2014). The Biology of Long-Term Denervated Skeletal Muscle. European journal of translational myology, 24(1), 3293. https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2014.3293 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26913125/). 7. Carraro, U., Boncompagni, S., Gobbo, V., Rossini, K., Zampieri, S., Mosole, S., Ravara, B., Nori, A., Stramare, R., Ambrosio, F., Piccione, F., Masiero, S., Vindigni, V., Gargiulo, P., Protasi, F., Kern, H., Pond, A., & Marcante, A. (2015). Persistent Muscle Fiber Regeneration in Long Term Denervation. Past, Present, Future. European journal of translational myology, 25(2), 4832. https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2015.4832 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26913148/). 8. Chandrasekaran, S., Davis, J., Bersch, I., Goldberg, G., & Gorgey, A. S. (2020). Electrical stimulation and denervated muscles after spinal cord injury. Neural regeneration research, 15(8), 1397–1407. https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.274326 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31997798/). 9. Ding, Y., Kastin, A. J., & Pan, W. (2005). Neural plasticity after spinal cord injury. Current pharmaceutical design, 11(11), 1441–1450. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612053507855 (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3562709/). 10. Dolbow, D. R., Bersch, I., Gorgey, A. S., & Davis, G. M. (2024). The Clinical Management of Electrical Stimulation Therapies in the Rehabilitation of Individuals with Spinal Cord Injuries. Journal of clinical medicine, 13(10), 2995. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13102995 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38792536/). 11. Hofer, C., Mayr, W., Stöhr, H., Unger, E., & Kern, H. (2002). A stimulator for functional activation of denervated muscles. Artificial organs, 26(3), 276–279. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1594.2002.06951.x (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11940032/). 12. Kern, H., Hofer, C., Mödlin, M., Forstner, C., Raschka-Högler, D., Mayr, W., & Stöhr, H. (2002). Denervated muscles in humans: limitations and problems of currently used functional electrical stimulation training protocols. Artificial organs, 26(3), 216–218. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1594.2002.06933.x (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11940016/). 13. Kern, H., Salmons, S., Mayr, W., Rossini, K., & Carraro, U. (2005). Recovery of long-term denervated human muscles induced by electrical stimulation. Muscle & nerve, 31(1), 98–101. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.20149 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15389722/). 14. Kern, H., Rossini, K., Carraro, U., Mayr, W., Vogelauer, M., Hoellwarth, U., & Hofer, C. (2005). Muscle biopsies show that FES of denervated muscles reverses human muscle degeneration from permanent spinal motoneuron lesion. Journal of rehabilitation research and development, 42(3 Suppl 1), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1682/jrrd.2004.05.0061 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16195962/). 15. Kern, H., Carraro, U., Adami, N., Hofer, C., Loefler, S., Vogelauer, M., Mayr, W., Rupp, R., & Zampieri, S. (2010). One year of home-based daily FES in complete lower motor neuron paraplegia: recovery of tetanic contractility drives the structural improvements of denervated muscle. Neurological research, 32(1), 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1179/174313209X385644 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20092690/). 16. Kern, H., & Carraro, U. (2014). Home-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation for Long-Term Denervated Human Muscle: History, Basics, Results and Perspectives of the Vienna Rehabilitation Strategy. European journal of translational myology, 24(1), 3296. https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2014.3296 (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4749003/). 17. Kern, H., Hofer, C., Loefler, S., Zampieri, S., Gargiulo, P., Baba, A., Marcante, A., Piccione, F., Pond, A., & Carraro, U. (2017). Atrophy, ultra-structural disorders, severe atrophy and degeneration of denervated human muscle in SCI and Aging. Implications for their recovery by Functional Electrical Stimulation, updated 2017. Neurological research, 39(7), 660–666. https://doi.org/10.1080/01616412.2017.1314906 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28403681/). 18. Kern, H., & Carraro, U. (2020). Home-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation of Human Permanent Denervated Muscles: A Narrative Review on Diagnostics, Managements, Results and Byproducts Revisited 2020. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 10(8), 529. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10080529 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32751308/). 19. Ko H. Y. (2018). Revisit Spinal Shock: Pattern of Reflex Evolution during Spinal Shock. Korean journal of neurotrauma, 14(2), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.13004/kjnt.2018.14.2.47 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30402418/). 20. Mittal, P., Gupta, R., Mittal, A., & Mittal, K. (2016). MRI findings in a case of spinal cord Wallerian degeneration following trauma. Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia), 21(4), 372–373. https://doi.org/10.17712/nsj.2016.4.20160278 (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5224438/). 21. Pang, Q. M., Chen, S. Y., Xu, Q. J., Fu, S. P., Yang, Y. C., Zou, W. H., Zhang, M., Liu, J., Wan, W. H., Peng, J. C., & Zhang, T. (2021). Neuroinflammation and Scarring After Spinal Cord Injury: Therapeutic Roles of MSCs on Inflammation and Glial Scar. Frontiers in immunology, 12, 751021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.751021 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34925326/). 22. Schick, T. (Ed.). (2022). Functional electrical stimulation in neurorehabilitation: Synergy effects of technology and therapy. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90123-3 (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-90123-3). 23. Swain, I., Burridge, J., & Street, T. (Eds.). (2024). Techniques and technologies in electrical stimulation for neuromuscular rehabilitation. The Institution of Engineering and Technology. https://shop.theiet.org/techniques-and-technologies-in-electrical-stimulation-for-neuromuscular-rehabilitation 24. van der Scheer, J. W., Goosey-Tolfrey, V. L., Valentino, S. E., Davis, G. M., & Ho, C. H. (2021). Functional electrical stimulation cycling exercise after spinal cord injury: a systematic review of health and fitness-related outcomes. Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 18(1), 99. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-021-00882-8 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34118958/). 25. Xu, X., Talifu, Z., Zhang, C. J., Gao, F., Ke, H., Pan, Y. Z., Gong, H., Du, H. Y., Yu, Y., Jing, Y. L., Du, L. J., Li, J. J., & Yang, D. G. (2023). Mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy after spinal cord injury: A narrative review. Frontiers in nutrition, 10, 1099143. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1099143 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36937344/). 26. Anatomical Concepts: https://www.anatomicalconcepts.com/articles

durée : 00:09:55 - L'invité de 7h50 - par : Helene Fily - Grégoire Courtine, professeur à l'école polytechnique de Lausanne et Jocelyne Bloch, neurochirurgienne, étaient les invités de France Inter ce jeudi. Ils dirigent le centre de recherche NeuroRestore, qui fait remarcher des personnes paraplégiques.

durée : 00:09:55 - L'invité de 7h50 - par : Helene Fily - Grégoire Courtine, professeur à l'école polytechnique de Lausanne et Jocelyne Bloch, neurochirurgienne, étaient les invités de France Inter ce jeudi. Ils dirigent le centre de recherche NeuroRestore, qui fait remarcher des personnes paraplégiques.

Réparer la moelle épinière : l'espoir de remarcher pour les personnes paralysées existe. On en parle avec Grégoire Courtine, professeur à l'école polytechnique de Lausanne, et Jocelyne Bloch, neurochirurgienne.Tous les soirs du lundi au vendredi à 19h sur France 5, Anne-Elisabeth Lemoine et toute son équipe accueillent celles et ceux qui font l'actualité du jour.

Nos invités du jeudi 24 avril 2025 : Affaire Bétharram : la fille de François Bayrou, Hélène Perlant, parle pour la première fois à la télévision aux côtés de Alain Esquerre, porte-parole de l'association des “Victimes de Bétharram”. Recherche sur la moelle épinière: Grégoire Courtine, professeur à l'école polytechnique de Lausanne, et Jocelyne Bloch, neurochirurgienne. Avec également comme chaque soir L'édito de Patrick Cohen, le 5 sur 5 de Lorrain Sénéchal.Tous les soirs du lundi au vendredi à 19h sur France 5, Anne-Elisabeth Lemoine et toute son équipe accueillent celles et ceux qui font l'actualité du jour.

Mercredi 18 décembre 2024, SMART TECH reçoit Jocelyne Bloch (cofondatrice, Onward Medical) et Grégoire Courtine (cofondateur, Onward Medical)-----------------------------------------------------------------------SMART TECH - Le magazine quotidien de l'innovationDans SMART TECH, l'actu du numérique et de l'innovation prend tout son sens. Chaque jour, des spécialistes décryptent les actualités, les tendances, et les enjeux soulevés par l'adoption des nouvelles technologies.

En el episodio de hoy, tratamos de responder a la pregunta que formulamos, sobre todo matizando la autonomía o no de esos CPGs en la médula humana. Revisamos los principales autores y estudios sobre el tema y ahondamos en la evidencia más actual sobre el sistema de interneuronas que conforman los CPGs y las implicaciones para la neurorrehabilitación (estimulación epidural y terapia intensiva). Referencias del episodio: 1. Angeli, C. A., Edgerton, V. R., Gerasimenko, Y. P., & Harkema, S. J. (2014). Altering spinal cord excitability enables voluntary movements after chronic complete paralysis in humans. Brain : a journal of neurology, 137(Pt 5), 1394–1409. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awu038 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24713270/). 2. Barkan, C. L., & Zornik, E. (2019). Feedback to the future: motor neuron contributions to central pattern generator function. The Journal of experimental biology, 222(Pt 16), jeb193318. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.193318 (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6739810/). 3. Brown, T. G. (1911). The Intrinsic Factors in the Act of Progression in the Mammal. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character, 84(572), 308–319. http://www.jstor.org/stable/80647 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/80647). 4. Cherni, Y., Begon, M., Chababe, H., & Moissenet, F. (2017). Use of electromyography to optimize Lokomat® settings for subject-specific gait rehabilitation in post-stroke hemiparetic patients: A proof-of-concept study. Neurophysiologie clinique = Clinical neurophysiology, 47(4), 293–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2017.01.008 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28318816/). 5. Courtine, G., Gerasimenko, Y., van den Brand, R., Yew, A., Musienko, P., Zhong, H., Song, B., Ao, Y., Ichiyama, R. M., Lavrov, I., Roy, R. R., Sofroniew, M. V., & Edgerton, V. R. (2009). Transformation of nonfunctional spinal circuits into functional states after the loss of brain input. Nature neuroscience, 12(10), 1333–1342. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2401 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19767747/). 6. Dietz V. (2010). Behavior of spinal neurons deprived of supraspinal input. Nature reviews. Neurology, 6(3), 167–174. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2009.227 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20101254/). 7. Dimitrijevic, M. R., Gerasimenko, Y., & Pinter, M. M. (1998). Evidence for a spinal central pattern generator in humans. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 860, 360–376. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09062.x (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9928325/). 8. Dzeladini, F., van den Kieboom, J., & Ijspeert, A. (2014). The contribution of a central pattern generator in a reflex-based neuromuscular model. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 8, 371. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00371 (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4071613/). 9. Gizzi, L., Nielsen, J. F., Felici, F., Moreno, J. C., Pons, J. L., & Farina, D. (2012). Motor modules in robot-aided walking. Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 9, 76. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-9-76 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23043818/). 10. Gosgnach S. (2022). Synaptic connectivity amongst components of the locomotor central pattern generator. Frontiers in neural circuits, 16, 1076766. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2022.1076766 (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9730330/). 11. Grillner, S. (1981). Control of Locomotion in Bipeds, Tetrapods, and Fish. Comprehensive Physiology, 1179-1236 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cphy.cp010226). 12. Guertin P. A. (2014). Preclinical evidence supporting the clinical development of central pattern generator-modulating therapies for chronic spinal cord-injured patients. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 8, 272. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00272 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24910602/). 13. Harkema, S., Gerasimenko, Y., Hodes, J., Burdick, J., Angeli, C., Chen, Y., Ferreira, C., Willhite, A., Rejc, E., Grossman, R. G., & Edgerton, V. R. (2011). Effect of epidural stimulation of the lumbosacral spinal cord on voluntary movement, standing, and assisted stepping after motor complete paraplegia: a case study. Lancet (London, England), 377(9781), 1938–1947. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60547-3 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21601270/). 14. Kathe, C., Skinnider, M. A., Hutson, T. H., Regazzi, N., Gautier, M., Demesmaeker, R., Komi, S., Ceto, S., James, N. D., Cho, N., Baud, L., Galan, K., Matson, K. J. E., Rowald, A., Kim, K., Wang, R., Minassian, K., Prior, J. O., Asboth, L., Barraud, Q., … Courtine, G. (2022). The neurons that restore walking after paralysis. Nature, 611(7936), 540–547. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05385-7 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36352232/). 15. Minassian, K., Jilge, B., Rattay, F., Pinter, M. M., Binder, H., Gerstenbrand, F., & Dimitrijevic, M. R. (2004). Stepping-like movements in humans with complete spinal cord injury induced by epidural stimulation of the lumbar cord: electromyographic study of compound muscle action potentials. Spinal cord, 42(7), 401–416. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3101615 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15124000/). 16. Minassian, K., Persy, I., Rattay, F., Dimitrijevic, M. R., Hofer, C., & Kern, H. (2007). Posterior root-muscle reflexes elicited by transcutaneous stimulation of the human lumbosacral cord. Muscle & nerve, 35(3), 327–336. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.20700 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17117411/). 17. Radhakrishna, M., Steuer, I., Prince, F., Roberts, M., Mongeon, D., Kia, M., Dyck, S., Matte, G., Vaillancourt, M., & Guertin, P. A. (2017). Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Phase I/IIa Study (Safety and Efficacy) with Buspirone/Levodopa/Carbidopa (SpinalonTM) in Subjects with Complete AIS A or Motor-Complete AIS B Spinal Cord Injury. Current pharmaceutical design, 23(12), 1789–1804. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666161227152200 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28025945/). 18. Reier, P. J., Howland, D. R., Mitchell, G., Wolpaw, J. R., Hoh, D., & Lane, M. A. (2017). Spinal cord injury: repair, plasticity and rehabilitation. eLS, 1-12 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9780470015902.a0021403.pub2).

El fiscal de la Corte Penal Internacional, Karim Khan, solicitó al tribunal la emisión de órdenes de aprehensión contra el primer ministro israelí, Benjamin Nentanyahu y su ministro de Defensa, Yoav Gallant. Así mismo lo hizo contra Yahya Sinwar, jefe de Hamás, contra Mohammed Diab Ibrahim al Masri, comandante de las Brigadas Al Qassam, y contra Ismail Haniyeh, jefe de la oficina política de Hamás. Israel y Estados Unidos rechazaron los alegatos del fiscal.Tras la muerte del presidente de Irán, Ebrahim Raisi, en un accidente de helicóptero al noroeste del país, asumió el primer vicepresidente, Mohammad Mokhber, quién anunció que las elecciones presidenciales del país persa tendrán lugar el viernes 28 de junio.Además… La Conagua anunció que llegó a México la tercera ola de calor del 2024; Michael Cohen, antiguo abogado de Trump, volvió al estrado por el juicio al magnate en el caso Stormy Daniels; y la justicia británica le concedió a Julian Assange la posibilidad de apelar, una vez más, su extradición a Estados Unidos.Nuestra #EsquinaElectoral con las notas electorales más importantes del día: La candidata por Morena al municipio de Rincón Chamula, María de la Luz Hernández y Adriana Osorio Romero, candidata a regidora por el Partido Revolucionario Democrática en Zoquitlán fueron atacadas con armas de fuego en diferentes episodios. Mientras Claudia Sheinbaum rechazó un cuarto debate con Xóchitl y Pablo Lemus, candidato de Movimiento Ciudadano a la gubernatura del estado de Jalisco, se salvó de quejas sobre violencia de género en su contra.Y para #ElVasoMedioLleno… Decenas de tetrapléjicos mejoran su destreza con las manos tras recibir estimulación eléctrica gracias al neurocientífico suizo, Grégoire Courtine, y su equipo que utilizan electroestimulación para lograr este avance.Para enterarte de más noticias como estas, síguenos en nuestras redes sociales. Estamos en todas las plataformas como @telokwento. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Cette semaine, Frédéric Courtine, cofondateur d'Airzen Radio, que j'ai rencontré lors de la deuxième édition de Bordeaux Fête le Podcast, le 5 avril 2024. En écoutant cet épisode, vous en apprendrez plus sur : # L'historique derrière Airzen Radio au moment de la création des radios libres, après l'élection de Francois Mitterand dans les années 80 # Son parcours et sa rencontre avec ses associés Jean-Louis Simonet, Anne-Marie Le Couvreur. En 1999, ils créent une première radio d'entreprise pour France Telecom avant l'existence des podcasts avec radio en flux et en live. Cela débouche en 2004 sur la création de Mediameeting # La norme DAB+ et la difficulté de mesurer les audiences sans Mediametrie et l'augmentation de la notoriété d'Airzen # Airzen : un investissement pour le groupe Mediameeting qui fonctionne aujourd'hui grâce à 30 pigistes avec une tonalité éditoriale “positive”. Les flashs info qui s'interdisent les faits divers et Airzen qui revendique une autre façon d'informer sans anxiété # Airzen qui s'est emparé de 4 domaines en 2018 : bien-être/santé, mieux consommer, écologie et équilibre au travail # L'objectif d'Airzen : parvenir à 1% d'audience nationale # La création d'Airzen Parents s'adresse à des communautés de parents (futurs et jeunes parents) qui réutilise les contenus diffusés sur les ondes d'Airzen # Pas de projet de faire de la radio filmée : les vidéos peuvent être privilégiées pour les réseaux sociaux ou élargir au champ de la presse écrite # Leur prochain projet : une plateforme d'écoute et de compilation de podcasts (avec ceux d'Airzen et des podcasteurs externes) sur podcasts.fr. Pour en savoir plus : # Airzen Radio # Le truc cool de Frédéric : boucler la boucle depuis la création de sa radio jusqu'à la création d'Airzen. # Rejoignez la communauté WhatsApp juste ici. # Abonnez-vous à la chaîne YouTube ici. Pour découvrir tout ça, c'est par ici si vous préférez Apple Podcast, par là si vous préférez Deezer ou encore là si vous préférez Spotify. Et n'oubliez pas de laisser 5 étoiles et un commentaire sympa sur Apple Podcast si l'épisode vous a plu. Mediarama est un podcast du label Orso Media produit par CosaVostra. Retrouvez Mediarama sur : Apple Podcasts | Spotify |Deezer

On this episode, Chief Editor Barbara Cheifet speaks with Polina Anikeeva from MIT, Grégoire Courtine from EPFL, and Jocelyn Bloch, a neurosurgeon at Lausanne University Hospital. These three leaders in the field of neurotechnologies discuss new devices that help us learn how our brain works, implantable brain-computer interfaces that are helping patients with neurological disorders walk again, and why this field is so exciting today. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Dans ce numéro du Journal des biotechs, Jocelyne Bloch et Grégoire Courtine,cofondateurs de Onward, présentent la medtech qui a pour ambition de permettre à certaines personnes paralysées de recouvrer l'usage de leurs jambes. Science, technologie, taille du marché, développements en cours : ils abordent les différents points de l'actualité de Onward et ses perspectives.

Marc Gauthier has Parkinson's disease. 马克·高蒂尔患有帕金森病。 The disease affects his nervous system, weakens his muscles and causes his arms and legs to shake. 这种疾病影响了他的神经系统，削弱了他的肌肉，导致他的胳膊和腿颤抖。 The 63-year-old Gauthier had not been able to leave his home for some time. But that was until he became the first person to receive a new Swiss-designed medical device that greatly improved his ability to walk. 63岁的高蒂尔已经有一段时间无法离开家了。但直到他成为第一个接受瑞士设计的新型医疗设备的人，该设备极大地提高了他的行走能力。 Gauthier received a medical device called a neuroprosthetic at Switzerland's Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV). Part of the device, called an electrode field, is placed against part of the nervous system which runs in the back called the spinal cord. Another part of the device, found under his skin below the stomach, uses electricity to stimulate the spinal cord to start up his leg muscles. It is called an electrical impulse generator. 高蒂尔在瑞士洛桑大学医院 (CHUV) 接受了一种名为神经假体的医疗设备。该设备的一部分（称为电极场）放置在位于背部的神经系统（称为脊髓）的一部分上。该装置的另一部分位于他胃下方的皮肤下，利用电力刺激脊髓来启动他的腿部肌肉。它被称为电脉冲发生器。 "It changed my life because I'm now independent," said Gauthier, a native of the French city of Bordeaux, as he sat with his doctors at CHUV. "I can leave my home, run errands. I even go on foot." “这改变了我的生活，因为我现在独立了，”来自法国波尔多市的高蒂尔在 CHUV 医院与医生坐在一起说道。“我可以离开家，跑腿。我什至步行去。”The number of people affected by Parkinson's disease has doubled over the past 25 years, the World Health Organization found. Worldwide estimates showed that more than 8.5 million people suffered from the disease in 2019. Grégoire Courtine is one of the doctors leading the project. He said the electrical pulses delivered to Gauthier's spinal cord has permitted him to walk the way he would have without the disease. 世界卫生组织发现，过去 25 年来，帕金森病患者数量增加了一倍。全球估计显示，2019 年有超过 850 万人患有这种疾病。Grégoire Courtine 是领导该项目的医生之一。他说，传送到戈蒂尔脊髓的电脉冲使他能够像没有疾病时那样行走。"We strongly believe that many individuals could benefit from this therapy," said Courtine. He is a professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), the University of Lausanne and CHUV. “我们坚信许多人可以从这种疗法中受益，”库尔廷说。他是瑞士洛桑联邦理工学院 (EPFL)、洛桑大学和 CHUV 的教授。 The study was published in Nature Medicine recently. The findings by Courtine's team at the NeuroRestore research center suggest the technology could be used more widely in patients with more progressed Parkinson's. Many of those with more progressed, or advanced, Parkinson's have severe problems with being able to move. 该研究近期发表在《自然医学》杂志上。NeuroRestore 研究中心的 Courtine 团队的研究结果表明，该技术可以更广泛地应用于患有进展性帕金森氏症的患者。许多患有更严重或晚期帕金森病的人在行动方面存在严重问题。 Dave Marver is chief executive officer of Onward Medical, which designed the medical device. He said that the device was similar to another device called an implantable defibrillator and those used to deal with pain. But he added the device is special in the way that it targets the spinal cord.Dave Marver 是 Onward Medical 的首席执行官，该医疗设备由该公司设计。他说，该设备类似于另一种称为植入式除颤器和用于治疗疼痛的设备。但他补充说，该装置的特殊之处在于它针对脊髓的方式。 "For the health care system, it will look and feel familiar, but it will offer therapy that doesn't exist today," he said. “对于医疗保健系统来说，它看起来和感觉起来都很熟悉，但它将提供当今不存在的治疗方法，”他说。 Courtine's team plans to carry out continuing researching and test the device on six new patients next year. Courtine 的团队计划明年继续研究并在六名新患者身上测试该设备。 Jocelyne Bloch is the doctor who performed the operation on Gauthier and co-director of NeuroRestore. She said with this therapy, if people can gain belief in themselves and can go out, socialize and do more things, it is a big plus “… in their daily activities and quality of life.” 乔斯琳·布洛赫 (Jocelyne Bloch) 是为高蒂尔进行手术的医生，也是 NeuroRestore 的联合主任。她说，通过这种疗法，如果人们能够对自己产生信心，能够出去、社交和做更多的事情，那么“......对他们的日常活动和生活质量来说”是一个很大的优势。

Neuroimplante contra el Parkinson / FFMpeg multi-hilo / Primer misil derribado en el espacio / Datacenters calentando 10.000 hogares / Apple cancela iMac 27 Patrocinador: El proyecto CRECE de Cruz Roja es una nueva iniciativa para luchar contra la soledad no deseada. Es un proyecto innovador desde el punto de vista tecnológico y social, con el objetivo de diseñar y probar nuevos métodos de ayuda social que eviten la institucionalización. — Si te encuentras en esta situación, quieres colaborar o ser voluntario, apúntate. Neuroimplante contra el Parkinson / FFMpeg multi-hilo / Primer misil derribado en el espacio / Datacenters calentando 10.000 hogares / Apple cancela iMac 27

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A tour de force, a dynamic duo, a powerful pair … somehow these phrases are not adequate when describing the incredible work of Dr. Grégoire Courtine and Dr. Jocelyn Bloch. Their remarkable discoveries in the field of spinal cord injury are bringing treatments to the forefront - using a brain-spine interface to facilitate movement for those living with paralysis. With the help of their dedicated team of scientists, what we once hoped for is now a reality. This is exciting stuff. Prepare to be amazed!Dr. Jocelyne Bloch is a neurosurgeon at the University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland, also known as CHUV, where she leads the Functional Neurosurgery Unit. Dr. Grégoire Courtine is a neuroscientist with a background in physics.Both Dr. Bloch and Dr. Courtine are professors within the NeuroX Institute of the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), within the Neurosurgical Department of CHUV, and at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Lausanne (UNIL).They co-founded the Defitech Center for Interventional Neurotherapies, named NeuroRestore, which they lead together as Co-Directors. NeuroRestore is a research, innovation, and treatment center that develops and applies bioengineering strategies involving neurosurgical interventions to restore neurological functions. https://www.neurorestore.swiss/In 2014, Dr. Bloch and Dr. Courtine also co-founded ONWARD Medical with the aim to translate the neurotherapies developed at NeuroRestore into clinical treatments. Dr. Courtine is Chief Scientific Officer (CSO) of ONWARD Medical N.V. (Euronext: ONWD). https://www.onwd.com/They are recognized worldwide for their conception of neuroprosthetic implants that restored walking in people with chronic paralysis, the results of their research have been published in numerous articles by science and nature journals, and broadly publicized in print and broadcast media across the world.Thank you again to both Dr. Bloch and Dr. Courtine for joining us for today's episode! This production is a collaborative effort of volunteers working to create a quality audio and visual experience around the subject of spinal cord injury. A special shout out of appreciation to Clientek for providing studio space and top-notch recording equipment. Most importantly, thank YOU for being part of the Spinal Cast audience!Interested in watching these episodes?! Check out our YouTube playlist! - https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL40rLlxGS4VzgAjW8P6Pz1mVWiN0Jou3vIf you'd like to learn more about the MCPF you can visit our website - https://mcpf.org/Donations are always welcomed - https://mcpf.org/you-can-help/

Today's episode is a rebroadcast of our conversation with Grégoire Courtine from two years ago. Dr. Courtine has been pivotal in the successful application of epidural stimulation in humans with SCI, in both his research and device commercialization. In this episode, we talk about Dr. Courtine's motivation to study spinal cord injury and epidural stimulation in particular. We discuss the translation of his early rodent model research into humans and the mechanism of the therapy, such as targeted modulated stimulation coupled with intention and the reorganization of spared neural tissue. We also discuss the device's application and it's outcomes in different severities of injury, as well as his hopes for future application. More info here: u2fp.org/get-educated/curecast/episode-78.html

En este episodio especial nos acompaña Daniel Pérez Marcos, un doctor en ingeniería biomédica trabajando en neurotecnología en Lausana, Suiza, y creador del podcast Pasando la Cuarentena. Hoy hablamos con él de las lesiones medulares, aquellas que ocurren principalmente después de accidentes, de moto, coche, caídas graves, etc., y en las que se daña la médula espinal, y de cómo se están creando posibles mejoras para los pacientes por medio de implantes medulares. Estas lesiones tienen consecuencias devastadoras, sobre todo físicas, para la persona. A todos nos suena el término parapléjico/a, y lo asociamos a gente en silla de ruedas. Pero, ¿qué significa exactamente? ¿En qué consiste la lesión? En un laboratorio de la EPFL en Lausana, Suiza, dirigido por el científico Gregoire Courtine y la neurocirujana Jocelyne Bloch, se llevan a cabo estudios clínicos que tienen como objetivo restaurar las funciones motoras en personas con lesión crónica de la médula espinal. Repasamos la historia de esta lesión, qué se ha hecho en el pasado para mejorar las perspectivas vitales de quien la sufre, y en qué se está trabajando de cara al futuro. Nos centraremos en los implantes medulares, dispositivos capaces de estimular e incluso regenerar la médula espinal. Aquí tenéis un vídeo en YouTube con el que Grégoire Courtine explica su proyecto y muestra un caso de éxito: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fihWjdRCcOo Finalmente, nos preguntamos si iniciativas como Neuralink de Elon Musk pueden ser revolucionarias o si todavía queda mucha tela que cortar. ¡Esperamos que os guste! Música del episodio Introducción: Safe and Warm in Hunter's Arms - Roller Genoa Cierre: Inspiring Course Of Life - Alex Che Puedes encontrarnos en Twitter y en Facebook y apoyarnos suscribiéndote al podcast en Podhero o haciéndote fan en iVoox. Si quieres un mes gratis en iVoox Premium, haz click aquí.

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Bringing back mobility to those who lost it. This is the challenge that Jocelyne Bloch, neurosurgeon at the CHUV, together with the neuroscientist Grégoire Courtine from EPFL and their teams at .NeuroRestore and Onward set out to address. A decade after demonstrating that the technology developed by Prof. Courtine's lab was able to bring back lower limb mobility to paraplegic rats, it has now been applied to humans in a research context through their joint work with phenomenal outcomes: most paraplegic patients implanted with the stimulation system they have developed were able to retrieve significant mobility of their lower limbs, enabling them to stand, walk and even climb stairs! Based on an electrode array coupled to a pulse generator (both fully implantable) remotely controlled, the system delivers selective stimulation of the spinal cord at the locations where the lower limb muscles are activated, in a sequence that replicates the mobility patterns that abled people demonstrate. Images of patients having experienced this technology, moving out of their wheelchair to stand and walk, have been seen throughout the world, and the hope that it brings for those concerned is immense, considering also the other applications that it could open for the rehabilitation of the upper limbs or for blood pressure regulation. In the latest episode from Impulse, we had the chance to sit down with Jocelyne and exchange with her on the infancy of this therapy, where she takes us through its working principle, the challenges that come along with bringing such a technology from the lab to the market, as well as on the life-changing benefits it may hold for patients in the future. With great humility, she also talks about how she manages to combine her clinical practice as a functional neurosurgeon, to leading a research group composed of over 80 collaborators, all of that while raising two children and with a husband at home! Timeline: 05:20 - Jocelyne's background and what led her to functional neurosurgery 08:18 - Approach taken to enable paraplegic rats to walk again and moving towards human applications 14:55 - The first human implantation 17:20 - Towards autonomous mobility renewal 18:25 - The STIMO study focusing on mobility and upcoming trials 21:03 - Managing expectations of patients 23:20 - Making a viable therapy with a reasonable rehabilitation training phase 26:17 - Leveraging potential synergies with exoskeletons 27:23 - Current technological constraints 28:34 - Origins and purpose of .NeuroRestore, and the close collaboration with Onward 33:03 - Towards upper limbs and hands rehabilitation therapies 34:10 - Retrieving sensory feedback thanks to the current therapy 35:23 - Adding brain-computer interaction layers to the current therapy 37:56 - Staying on top of things when working as a neurosurgeon, leading a clinical research center, and a family life 39:41 - Evolving as a woman in the field of neurosurgery What we also talked about with Jocelyne: Grégoire Courtine Patrick Aebischer Jean-Guy Villemure Bogdan Draganski Baroreflex Neuroprosthetics Neuroplasticity EEG ECoG CHUV UNIL EPFL Medtronic Elon Musk We cited with Jocelyne some of the past episodes from the series: #3 – Augmenting the lives of paraplegics with exoskeletons – Tristan Vouga – Twiice #5 – Transforming diagnostics through spatial biology – Déborah Heintze – Lunaphore If you want to know more about .NeuroRestore, we invite you to consult their website. We also invite you to follow their activities on LinkedIn. If you are interested in learning more about the startup Onward, we invite you to check out their website as well as their LinkedIn page. You can contact Jocelyne by email: jocelyne.bloch@chuv.ch If you want to give me feedback on the episode, ask questions or suggest potential guests, feel free to do so through LinkedIn or by email: m.chaffard05@gmail.com.

Has the future of spinal cord injury treatment arrived? On this episode, I sit down with Drs. Gregoire Courtine and Jocelyne Bloch to discuss their recently published and highly publicized paper on restoring motor function after paralysis. They briefly dive into their protocol, their approach to Epi-Stim, and their answer to the magic wand question.You will want to hear this episode if you are interested in...A brief overview of the recent paper published by Drs. Courtine and Bloch [2:43]How Drs. Courtine and Bloch designed their protocol to strengthen residual pathways [5:31] What Dr. Courtine wished he knew 20 years ago [7:46]Dr. Bloch's training and evolution as a neurosurgeon [8:48]Dr. Courtine breaks down his approach to Epi-Stim [10:36]Drs. Courtine and Bloch answer the magic wand question [12:27]Resources & People MentionedActivity-dependent spinal cord neuromodulation rapidly restores trunk and leg motor functions after complete paralysis (Paper)Explaining STIMO (Christopher Reeve Foundation interview) Connect with Drs. Gregoire Courtine and Jocelyne BlochONWARD (Website) Connect With Maxwell Boakyehttps://maxwellboakye.com/podcast Like on FacebookFollow on TwitterFollow on LinkedInDrMaxBoakye (at) Gmail.com

Title: One Man's Hero is Another Man's TraitorDescription: Today, Steve and Jacob Herr try to find something to like about the 1999 film, One Man's Hero. This film tries to tell the story of the San Patricio Battalion. Does it succeed or is it a nightmare of history in film?Learn More About our Guest:Jacob Herr, actor and historianhttps://www.trendyhistory.org/listing/erin-go-bragh-batallon-de-sa?product=2You can learn more about Beyond the Big Screen and subscribe at all these great places:www.atozhistorypage.comwww.beyondthebigscreen.comClick here to support Beyond the Big Screen!https://www.subscribestar.com/beyondthebigscreenhttps://www.patreon.com/beyondthebigscreenClick to Subscribe:https://www.spreaker.com/show/4926576/episodes/feedemail: steve@atozhistorypage.comwww.beyondthebigscreen.comhttps://www.patreon.com/historyofthepapacyParthenon Podcast Network Home:parthenonpodcast.comOn Social Media: https://www.facebook.com/groups/atozhistorypagehttps://www.facebook.com/HistoryOfThePapacyPodcasthttps://twitter.com/atozhistoryMusic Provided by:"Crossing the Chasm" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/Image Credits:By http://www.cinemotions.net/data/films/0315/39/1/affiche-One-Man-s-Hero-1999-1.jpg, Fair use, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=22125033Begin Transcript:Thank you again for listening to Beyond the Big Screen podcast. We are a member of the Parthenon Podcast network. Of course, a big thanks goes out to Jacob Herr. Links to learn more about Jacob and his history themed merchandise can be found at trendinghistory.com or in the Show Notes. In this episode, we talk about the 1999 film One Man's Hero based on the history of the San Patricio Battalion in the Mexican American War. In the last episode, Jacob led us through the real history and background of this fascinating story. Listening to that episode only makes this one even better!You can now support beyond the big screen on Patreon and Subscribe Star. By joining on Patreon and Subscribe star, you help keep Beyond the Big Screen going and get many great benefits. Go to patreon dot com forward slash beyond the big screen or subscribe star dot com forward slash beyond the big screen dot com to learn more.Another way to support Beyond the big screen is to leave a rating and review on Apple Podcasts. These reviews really help me know what you think of the show and help other people learn about Beyond the Big screen. More about the Parthenon Podcast Network can be found at Parthenonpodcast.com. You can learn more about Beyond the Big Screen, great movies and stories so great they should be movies on various social media platforms by searching for A to z history. Links to all this and more can be found at beyond the big screen dot com. I thank you for joining me again, Beyond the big Screen.[00:00:00] I'd like to welcome back. Jacob heard to beyond the big screen, Jacob has been on to talk about Billy, the kid and film and in history and in the last episode. So I highly suggest you go back and listen to the last episode. He gave us a ton of background and context on the San Patricio battalion from the Mexican-American war.Today, we are going to talk about the 1990. Film one man's hero, a film that dramatizes the events of the San Patricio battalion during the, the Mexican American war. And like I said, I highly encouraged people to go back and listen to our episode on the history of the St. Patrice CEO's. Catholic deserters from the U S army to the Mexican army during the Mexican-American war.I really think you'll enjoy it. But, um, just to set things up for today in this 1999 film, starring Tom Berenger, what's the very short story of the San Patricio. So the [00:01:00] very short, uh, nutshell version of the, uh, San Patricio, they were a group of immigrants. Most of them, uh, associated with, uh, Catholicism, but others just trying to seek new life in America and winding up in the military at the outbreak of the Mexican American war.And. Through the circumstances of the conflict. Many of these immigrants had ended up, uh, deserving the U S army making their way to Mexico and then offering their services to the Mexican military because they found they found a stronger connection. Culturally to the Mexican people then to the United States.Now this film at stars, as we said, Tom Berenger has Sergeant Lieutenant, captain, John Riley. Uh Berenger. He almost makes a, made a career out of playing the grizzled army Sergeant. And this time he does it with an Irish [00:02:00] accent, we have a . De Alameda, he plays Courtine on. I found him as kind of the shining star of the movie for me, even though his part's kind of almost an explicable, but I think that as an actor, he did a wonderful job and, um, de Alomeda is actually a Portuguese actor and a shout out to, uh, a great friend of the show and a personal friend.On Tonio from Portugal who pointed this out to me. And then the other main star, I guess, or the movie you could say is Daniella Romero who plays in Marta. The love interest in this really strange love triangle between Kortina Tom Berenger's, Riley character, and then Marta. And she was a famous Mexican musician of the eighties and nineties, I guess it's really hard to find a place.Dart with this movie, I guess for me it happens. It's one of my first questions of the movie is [00:03:00] really upfront. And the movie Sergeant Riley, he turns on a dime w I, and he desserts from the army. He's pretty cool with the army. If he's putting the, uh, the, as a us Sergeant, he's putting people in their place.He has like one kind of sorta negative interaction with his, uh, commander and then like, boom, bang, bang keys deserted the us army he's and he's fighting for the Mexican army. I have to imagine in history. And we talked about in the last episode, it didn't happen that quickly, but why do you think in the movie it, they did it that quickly.Um, two reasons. Uh, bad writing. And, uh, secondly, uh, when you're trying to take a history that in courses, multiple years and multiple different political and social environments, and you have to put them together into this two-hour movie that you're going to show to the public and try to make money off of it.[00:04:00] There's a lot to cram in. And that's, I think that's one of the big problems when you have this dramatic shift in. Less than 10 minutes into the movie, it comes off as very awkward. And very poorly written and here's, um, anomaly that I found out about the writing of the movie. Apparently the guy who had written the script, his name was Milton S Gelman.He had actually had a history of writing for television, not an exclusively. Fifties, Western television that we had talked about in our Sam Peck and Paul pat Garrett, and Billy, the kid episode, he wrote episodes for tombstone territory, Gunsmoke that entire sub genre of television in the fifties and sixties.Now here's the kicker. He actually passed away in 1990. So he never actually got to see [00:05:00] this script that he created. Turn into the final product. And so it must have just been bouncing around from one studio to another, before it was picked up by the director and the producer, uh, LanSchool. It makes a lot of sense because it does, it has.Taste and appeal of a Western, but not in a good way either. I just, I love to get your thoughts on this because you're an actor and have done stage and probably have a ton more experience and education in this, but it seemed the whole theme of the movie is a tight shot. Everything is zoomed in to an you on these, like.Moments and you miss the whole big picture, like all the action it zoomed in and we'll get into it. But in the battle of Churubusco you get no sense of the battle. It just looks [00:06:00] like there's like 10 guys on each side going at it. And it just seemed the whole movie to me is it's two zoomed in and you get no idea of the big picture.Yeah. And now granted, I have seen some movies where that is actually used to your advantage, where you have very, a very small amount of extras or main characters. And you're trying to encompass a historical battle that had thousands or tens of thousands of people, you know, shooting at each other and hacking each other to death.Um, but when you're trying to capture it on film, Um, one of the ways that you can try to make things look larger than what you really have to work with is that you use the camera almost as if the camera man is like another person in that battle. Um, Sergei Eisenstein did it in Alexander Nevsky and even, uh, I know another famous director had done [00:07:00] it in an independent project.Orson Welles did it in chimes at midnight, 1965. The difference though, is that when you're using cinematography like that, you're trying to get a first person perspective where everything has to be clear, everything you need to have an established sense of what is at stake. And a connection to the characters.We're not connected to these characters because they're so poorly written. They're not characters, they're caricature and because everything is so hectic, we have no idea. What's. I thought that was, I felt like a day Alameda. Kortina almost Telegraph that he made a line while Berenger is Sergeant Riley, he's injured and Marta's rehabilitating him.

New Device Helps People With Paralysis Walk Again Spinal cord injuries are notoriously difficult to treat, especially for those who have been paralyzed for several years. Now, researchers have developed a new implant that is able to reverse paralysis in patients with complete spinal cord injuries. The device uses specially designed electrodes, which bring the brain back into communication with the patient's lower body. The findings were recently published in the academic journal Nature Medicine. Ira talks with the study's co-authors, Jocelyne Bloch, a neurosurgeon at Lausanne University Hospital, and Grégoire Courtine, professor of neuroscience at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, based in Lausanne, Switzerland.   Could Protein-Based Vaccines Help Close The Global Vaccination Gap? A new generation of COVID-19 vaccines are being developed and distributed around the world. They're called recombinant-protein vaccines. But the tech is actually not at all new. In fact, It's been used to produce hepatitis C and pertussis vaccines for decades. These protein-based vaccines have an edge over mRNA vaccines in a few ways. They're just as effective, cheaper and simpler to manufacture, and easier to distribute. So why, two years into the pandemic, have they just started gaining traction? And can recombinant-protein vaccines help close the global coronavirus vaccination gap? Ira discusses these developments with Dr. Maria Elena Bottazzi, the co-creator of Corbevax, a patent-free protein-based vaccine, for which she was recently nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. She's also the co-director of the Center for Vaccine Development at Texas Children's Hospital, and a professor at the Baylor College of Medicine, based in Houston, Texas.   How Cuba Developed Five COVID-19 Vaccines Cuba was able to quickly produce five coronavirus vaccines, thanks to the island's robust biotech industry. For decades, Cuba has produced its own home-grown vaccines and distributed them to neighboring countries. But sanctions and political dynamics have complicated Cuba's ability to distribute their COVID-19 vaccines with the world. Ira talks with Helen Yaffe, senior lecturer of economic and social history at Glasgow University, and author of We Are Cuba! How a Revolutionary People Have Survived in a Post-Soviet World.   Fish Make More Noise Than You Think One of the most famous films of undersea explorer Jacques Cousteau was titled The Silent World. But when you actually stop and listen to the fishes, the world beneath the waves is a surprisingly noisy place. In a recent study published in the journal Ichthyology & Herpetology, researchers report that as many of two-thirds of the ray-finned fish families either are known to make sounds, or at least have the physical capability to do so. Some fish use specialized muscles around their buoyancy-modulating swim bladders to make noise. Others might blow bubbles out their mouths, or, in the case of herring, out their rear ends, producing “fish farts.” Still other species use ridges on their bodies to make noises similar to the way crickets do, grind their teeth, or snap a tendon to sound off. The noises serve a variety of purposes, from calling for a mate to warning off an adversary. Aaron Rice, principal ecologist in the K. Lisa Yang Center for Conservation Bioacoustics at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology in Ithaca, walks Ira through some of the unusual sounds produced by known fish around the world—and some mystery noises that they know are produced by fish, but have yet to identify.    

En nouvelle diffusion: Toucher, vibrations et illusions L'espèce humaine est mauvaise dans la perception des vibrations par le toucher et a du mal à appréhender certaines fréquences. C'est ce qui ressort d'une recherche menée par les universités de Genève et de Fribourg. Cette étude montre à quel point la perception que nous avons du monde qui nous entoure peut sʹéloigner de sa réalité physique. Les détails avec Daniel Huber, professeur associé au Département des neurosciences fondamentales de lʹUniversité de Genève (Unige), interrogé par Bastien Confino. Les maths chez les Mayas Tristan Miquel s'intéresse à l'usage des mathématiques chez les Mayas. Architecture, astronomie, géographie… La civilisation précolombienne était particulièrement avancée dans ces domaines. Avec Pierre Bellefleur, ancien professeur de lʹUniversité Laval au Québec et passionné des civilisations précolombiennes. Contrôler les neurones par l'optogénétique Contrôler les neurones de la moëlle épinière par la lumière, cʹest ce que propose des scientifiques de lʹEcole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). Ce principe, appelé lʹoptogénétique, consiste ici à installer un implant dans la colonne vertébrale qui permet dʹactiver ou dʹinhiber certains neurones en fonction de besoins spécifiques. Cette technique pourrait aider les victimes de lésions de la moëlle épinière. Les explications de Grégoire Courtine, professeur à lʹEPFL et directeur du centre NeuroRestore, interrogé par Bastien Confino. L-Check, une consultation en santé sexuelle pour les femmes Les femmes qui ont des rapports sexuels avec des femmes disposent enfin dʹune consultation dédiée. Le L-Check de la Fondation PROFA a démarré ses activités au début du mois de juillet 2021 à Renens. Une infirmière conseil en santé sexuelle et une médecin sont à disposition des intéressées une après-midi par semaine. Avec Naomi Portella, infirmière conseil en santé sexuelle et l'une des initiatrices de cette consultation. Un sujet de Stéphane Délétroz.

M. Henri COURTINE, judoka qui a marqué l’histoire de notre discipline, nous a quittés le 20 février 2021. Seul 10ème dan français, il a été champion, professeur, cadre technique, depuis les clubs parisiens jusqu’à la fédération française de judo ou même la fédération internationale ou encore le comité olympique. Eric Pariset, qui le qualifie de "père spirituel" nous raconte le parcours du judoka mais aussi de l'homme, meilleur ami de son père Bernard Pariset. Retrouvez tous les contenus Secrets de Judokas sur le site : secretsdejudokas.com Un podcast 100% judo pour tous les judokas qui veulent progresser... et surtout partager ! Conseils concrets, réflexions, interviews... toutes les dimensions du judo sont abordées : mentales, physiques et techniques. Parce qu'il n'y a que dans le partage que l'on progresse, bienvenue !

Des chercheurs suisses et canadiens ont développé un implant qui permet de contrer les problèmes de tension fréquents chez les personnes souffrant dʹune lésion de la moëlle épinière. Cette technologie permet aux patients de reprendre le contrôle de leur tension, sans aucun médicament. Les détails avec Grégoire Courtine, directeur du centre NeuroRestore du Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV) et de l'Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), interrogé par Bastien Confino.

Deuxième rencontre autour de la bouffe avec Nora Bouazzouni, journaliste, traductrice et autrice de l'essai Faiminisme. Nous nous sommes retrouvées lors de sa venue au festival Dangereuses Lectrices, où elle a présenté son travail sur scène et en dédicace. J'ai d'ailleurs glissé un enregistrement de sa lecture de l'article « Comment l'impératif écologique aliène les femmes » au milieu de cet épisode, presque comme si vous y étiez. Nous avons discuté sexisme & violences systémiques en cuisine, d'éducation au goût, de charge domestique et écologique, et du Noma. Quelques références entendues dans l'épisode : • Nora Bouazzouni, Faiminisme, éditions Nouriturfu, publié en septembre 2017• Nora Bouazzouni, « Comment l'impératif écologique aliène les femmes », publié le 22 août 2019 sur Slate http://www.slate.fr/story/180714/ecologie-feminisme-alienation-charge-morale• Nora Bouazzouni, « La revanche de la pâtisserie », publié le 14 avril 2018 sur Slate http://www.slate.fr/story/160330/revanche-patisserie-chefs-table• Le Noma est un restaurant gastronomique situé à Copenhague, dirigé par le chef danois René Redzepi https://noma.dk(En bien plus accessible je recommande Morgenstedet, une cantine bio et végétarienne dans le quartier autonome de Christiania.)• Robert J. Courtine, dit La Reynière, était un critique culinaire au Monde de 1952 à 1993, après une première carrière de journaliste collaborationniste sanctionnée d'une peine de cinq ans de prison. « Au sortir de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les lois d'épuration promulguées pendant la Libération interdisent aux journalistes coupables d'accointances avec la presse collaborationniste d'exercer leur métier, sauf aux rubriques considérées comme mineures : tourisme et gastronomie. » Stéphane Méjanès, Tailler une plume, p.11, Editions de L'Epure, mai 2019. Le pseudonyme gastronome de Courtine est inspiré du critique culinaire Alexandre Balthazar Laurent Grimod de La Reynière.• Adam Rapoport a démissionné de son poste d'éditeur en chef du site Bon Appétit suite à la publication d'une photo de lui en blackface. Cette affaire est survenue après qu'une des contributrices du site, Sohla El-Waylly, a révélé que seules les personnes blanches étaient rémunérées pour leurs vidéos publiées pour Bon Appétit.https://www.eonline.com/news/1159430/bon-appetit-s-sohla-el-waylly-says-only-white-editors-are-paid-for-test-kitchen-videos• Sohla El-Waylly a depuis sa propre émission « Stump Sohla » chez Babish Culinary Universe d'Andrea Rea https://www.vulture.com/article/sohla-el-waylly-profile.html• Myriam Bahaffou est une chercheuse indépendante en philosophie et en études de genre, militante écoféministe et pour un « véganisme éclairé », également invitée au festival Dangereuses Lectrices• « Les femmes politiques n'ont représenté que 25% des invité·es politiques dans les médias pendant cette période (du premier confinement en France, ndlr) (contre 30% en temps normal). » (p.9) « Pendant le confinement du printemps 2020, on a observé une chute des contributions de femmes chercheuses dans les revues scientifiques au niveau mondial, tandis que les contributions masculines augmentaient de 50%. » (p.180), extraits de Présentes de Lauren Bastide, éditions Allary, publié le 3 septembre 2020 Merci à Studio Dilettante et en particulier Hadrien Bibard sans qui cet épisode n'aurait pu être enregistré.Vous pouvez me retrouver sur Twitter @Lucie_Inland ainsi que sur Instagram @lucieinland, et Studio Dilettante sur Twitter @StuDilettante et Tipeee pour le coup de pouce financier.La musique en fin d'épisode est un extrait de « This Impermanent Gold » de Félicia Atkinson, sous licence Creative Commons.

Ce n'est pas d'hier que circule une variété sans cesse renouvelée de discours sur la fin des temps. Il existe même un terme pour les désigner, soit « eschatologie », composé à partir des mots grecs eschatos, qui signifie « dernier », et logos, qui signifie « parole ». Si des mythes anciens, en s'ancrant dans une conception circulaire du temps, nous annonçaient un monde nouveau à naître sur les ruines de l'ancien, la collapsologie, aujourd'hui discipline toute récente, estime qu'une civilisation nouvelle surgira sur les ruines de la civilisation industrielle. Script: Isabelle Lachance et Laurent Turcot Pour soutenir financièrement la chaîne, trois choix: 1. Cliquez sur le bouton « Adhérer » sous la vidéo. 2. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hndl 3. UTip: https://utip.io/lhistoirenousledira Avec: Laurent Turcot, professeur en histoire à l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada Abonnez-vous à ma chaine: https://www.youtube.com/c/LHistoirenousledira Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/histoirenousledira Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/turcotlaurent Les vidéos sont utilisées à des fins éducatives selon l'article 107 du Copyright Act de 1976 sur le Fair-Use.   Pour aller plus loin: COURTINE, Jean-Jacques, « La peur, à l'âge de l'anxiété ». dans Histoire des émotions, 3. De la fin du XIXe siècle à nos jours, Paris, Seuil, 2017, p. 307-325. DELUMEAU, Jean. Une histoire du paradis. Paris, Fayard, 1992. DELUMEAU, Jean. La peur en Occident (XIVe-XVIIIe siècle). Paris, Fayard, 1978. #histoire #documentaire

Du Canada aux profondeurs de notre cerveau en passant par les pyramides. Voilà où nous emmène Bertrand Duplat, fondateur de Robeauté et nouvel invité de Génération Do It Yourself. Cet ingénieur - entrepreneur - inventeur est un passionné. Capable de créer un logiciel de création d’applis 3D temps réel (oui, Virtools c’est lui) - logiciel racheté par Dassault System - de développer un robot archéologique chargé de découvrir de nouvelles cavités dans la pyramide de Khéops ou de diriger une équipe multiculturelle et multidisciplinaire chargée de créer des robots (3 fois plus petits qu’un grain de riz) voyageant dans notre cerveau pour aider les chirurgiens. Lenteur, résilience, étapes, concentration, gestion du temps, management, valeurs et moonshot au programme de cet épisode incroyable. TIMELINE : 8' Microrobots dans le cerveaux : fantasmes, scam et réalité22' Moonshot : un pas après l'autre25' Tout comprendre sur les microrobots et leur intérêt dans le traitement de lourdes pathologies cérébrales45' Nécessité de la collaboration transdisciplinaire et transculturelle1h01 Modèle économique de la recherche1h40 Des robots dans les pyramides1h50 Être à l'écoute des besoins d'un projet2h10 Allier rationalité et poésie, puiser l'inspiration partout autour de soi pour progresserSHOW NOTES : Arthur André, le neurochirurgien avec lequel il travaille le plus Mehdi Benchoufi et ses articles sur la blockchain dans la médecine Mehdi Tayoubi et la mission ScanPyramids. Grégoire Courtine et comment il utilise la science pour faire remarcher les gens (qui a très clairement inspiré un certain Elon Musk)Boris Vian, Calder, Carlo Mollino, De Vinci, James Williamson (The Stooges), Kira Roessler (Black Flag), Brian May (Queen) … qui prouvent que l’on peut être créatif et scientifique. Le scam énorme qu’a été Theranos, du livre qui retrace tout cela, Bad Blood : Secret and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup et ses conséquences aux Etats-Unis Bruno Soulez, notre nouveau COO chez CosaVostra et son super podcast, IFTTD - If This Then DevVivatech Frederic Bonnard, la seule personne de mon entourage ayant eu comme managers Steve Jobs (ça claque)Le McDonald’s de la porte de Champerret et surtout, de son dirigeant Sezene MotaGénérations IA : 80 films et séries pour décrypter l’Intelligence Artificielle, d’Alexandre Pachulski pour comprendre enfin tous les films de science-fiction et qui nous pose la question : mais qui est-on ? André Breton, en particulier Les champs magnétiques, un livre de poésie écrit en écriture automatique, le livre emblématique du surréalisme, L’amour fou et Nadja #42 Cristina Cordula – Du Brésil aux plateaux télés de M6 #54 Alexandre Prot  -  De McKinsey à QONTO (en passant par les cigarettes électroniques)#143 Alexandre Pachulski – Talentsoft – L’Intelligence Artificielle pour casser le moule – et si on créait une nouvelle société ?#145 Jonathan Anguelov – Aircall – La force intérieure. Tout casser alors qu’on part de rien #151 Virginie Guyot – Patrouille de France – Débriefer pour atteindre l’excellence #152 Martin Toulemonde - Chronodrive & Sparkling Partners - La confiance à priori pour résoudre des problèmesUn grand merci à Morgan Prudhomme pour la musique ainsi que le montage. Contactez-le sur : https://studio-module.com

Durcir l’armée de terre, c’était le maître mot de la journée de présentation des capacités militaires au camp de Satory. Thierry Burckhard, chef d’état-major de l’armée de terre a de nouveau rappelé que les armées doivent se préparer à des conflits de haute intensité. C’était l’objectif de l’exercice Gorgones 2020 qui, cette semaine, a réuni les forces spéciales de l’armée de terre au camp de la Courtine dans le centre de la France.

durée : 00:04:13 - Le zoom France Bleu Creuse - Ce camp, qui accueille 15.000 militaires, s'étend sur 6.000 hectares de terrain, dont de nombreuses zones restent très sauvages. Cet été, une portion du ruisseau du Breuil a été reconstruite en une semaine. Le but : protéger les truites fario, une espèce toujours présente en Creuse mais menacée.

Jason and Matthew interview Dr. Gregoire Courtine, the Chief Science Officer of GTX Medical and Professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Dr. Courtine has been researching spinal cord stimulation for over 20 years and is hoping to bring that research to clinical relevance with emerging clinical trials with GTX’s LIFT (non-invasive electrical spinal cord stimulation) and GO2 (targeted epidural spinal stimulation). We will continue the conversation in an upcoming Part 2 with Dr. Courtine about the research, the development of GTX and both the possibilities and limitations for functional recovery now and in the future. Grégoire Courtine was originally trained in Mathematics and Physics, but received his PhD degree in Experimental Medicine from the University of Pavia, Italy, and the INSERM Plasticity and Motricity, in France, in 2003. From 2004-2007, he held a Postdoctoral Fellow position at the Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) under the supervision of Dr. Reggie Edgerton, and was a research associate for the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation (CDRF). In 2008, he became Assistant Professor at the faculty of Medicine of the University of Zurich where he established his own research laboratory. In 2012, he was nominated Associate Professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) where he holds the International paraplegic foundation (IRP) chair in spinal cord repair at the Center for Neuroprosthetics and the Brain Mind Institute. He published several articles proposing radically new approaches for restoring function after spinal cord injury, which were discussed in national and international press extensively. He received numerous honors and awards such as the 2007 UCLA Chancellor's award for excellence in post-doctoral research and the 2009 Schellenberg Prize for his innovative research in spinal cord injury awarded by the International Foundation of Research in Paraplegia. https://www.gtxmedical.com/ https://people.epfl.ch/gregoire.courtine/?lang=en

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.30.228767v1?rss=1 Authors: Perich, M. G., Conti, S., Badi, M., Bogaard, A., Barra, B., Wurth, S., Bloch, J., Courtine, G., Micera, S., Capogrosso, M., Milekovic, T. Abstract: Behavior relies on continuous influx of sensory information about the body and the environment. In primates, cortex integrates somatic feedback to accurately reach and manipulate objects. Yet, in many experimental regimes motor cortex seems paradoxically to operate as a feedforward, rather than feedback-driven, system. Here, we recorded simultaneously from motor and somatosensory cortex as monkeys performed a naturalistic reaching and object interaction behavior. We studied how unexpected feedback from behavioral errors influences cortical dynamics. Motor cortex generally exhibited robust feedforward dynamics, yet displayed feedback-driven dynamics surrounding correction of behavioral errors. We then decomposed motor cortical activity into orthogonal subspaces capturing communication with somatosensory cortex or behavior-generating dynamics. During error correction, the communication subspace became feedback-driven, while the behavioral subspace maintained feedforward dynamics. We therefore demonstrate that cortical activity is compartmentalized within distinct subspaces that shape the population dynamics, enabling flexible integration of salient inputs with ongoing activity for robust behavior. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Grégoire COURTINE, professeur associé, Centre des neuroprothèses EPFL et Jocelyne BLOCH, professeure associée, Service de neurochirurgie CHUV

We meet the French doctor making major advances in the treatment of paraplegic patients. He tells Andrew Mueller how he used his background in maths and physics to devise a spinal bridge that’s helping people to get moving.

Bệnh nhân mắc chứng liệt chi dưới do tổn thương tủy sống có thể đi lại được nhờ vào liệu pháp mới « kích thích tủy cột sống bằng xung điện ». Một nhóm các nhà khoa học Thụy Sĩ vừa công bố kết quả công trình nghiên cứu này trên tạp chí khoa học có uy tín Nature ngày 01/11/2018. Một tin vui mang lại nhiều hy vọng cho các bệnh nhân bị liệt chi dưới do các chấn thương tủy sống. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện dưới sự điều hành của ba nhà khoa học lớn : bà Jocelyne Bloch - bác sĩ phẫu thuật thần kinh người Thụy Sĩ thuộc Trung tâm Đại học Y khoa Lausanne (CHUV) ; Grégoire Courtine – giáo sư khoa học thần kinh người Pháp và nhất là Fabien Wagner, kỹ sư người Pháp, người phát triển phần mềm kích thích xung điện. Ông Fabien Wagner còn là người đưa ra ý tưởng cho dự án, bởi vì chính bản thân ông cũng là một người tàn tật. Báo Le Monde (07/11/2018) cho biết thêm cả hai chuyên gia người Pháp hiện đang giảng dạy tại trường đại học Bách khoa Liên bang (EPFL) tại Lausanne, Thụy Sĩ. Tham gia công trình còn có sự đóng góp nhiệt tình của ba bệnh nhân tình nguyện : Sebastian Tobler - 48 tuổi, David Mzee - 30 tuổi và Gert-Jan Oskam – 35 tuổi. Cả ba người này có cùng điểm chung là đều bị chấn thương tủy cột sống sau một tai nạn thể thao dẫn đến tình trạng bị liệt hai chân từ nhiều năm nay. Đây cũng là lần đầu tiên các bệnh nhân tham gia thí nghiệm lâm sàng chấp nhận trả lời báo chí công khai, không giấu danh tính như luật pháp quy định. Phương pháp trị liệu Việc điều trị được thực hiện như thế nào ? Trên đài RFI, bà Jocelyne Bloch trước tiên lưu ý phần não chỉ huy của cả ba bệnh nhân may mắn không bị tổn thương. Điều này cho phép các nhà khoa học tiến hành thử nghiệm liệu pháp xung điện tủy cột sống để phục hồi chức năng vận động. Bà cho biết: « Ba bệnh nhân mà chúng tôi nói đến đều đã bị tổn thương ở tủy cột sống, phần ở giữa lưng. Nhưng não bộ của họ không làm sao và vẫn có khả năng đưa ra các mệnh lệnh. Hai chân của họ cũng như tủy cột sống phần dưới vẫn nguyên vẹn. Vấn đề ở đây là có một sự gián đoạn trong hệ thống dây thần kinh chạy từ não xuống chân. Do vậy, chúng tôi đã dùng điện kích thích vào phần tủy cột sống, phía dưới phần bị tổn thương, để thúc đẩy các cơ bắp hoạt động, tạo thuận lợi cho việc cử động, bước đi. Có nghĩa là phần não chỉ huy vẫn hoạt động tốt, nhưng lại không có đủ các thần kinh sợi để truyền mệnh lệnh, cho phép bệnh nhân đi lại. Việc kích thích điện vào tủy cột sống tạo thuận lợi cho bệnh nhân đi lại.» Trước khi bước vào giai đoạn kích xung điện, cả ba bệnh nhân  phải trải qua một cuộc phẫu thuật. Các bác sĩ sẽ cài đặt một mảnh ghép ở phần thắt lưng, sát với tủy sống, trước điểm bị tổn thương và lắp một máy phát ở lồng ngực. Được điều khiển từ xa qua máy vi tính hay máy tính bảng, chiếc máy phát này sẽ truyền tải đến mảnh ghép các tín hiệu điện để kích hoạt mảnh ghép, để rồi từ đó kích thích các sợi thần kinh điều khiển các cơ chân. Bà Jocelyne Bloch cho biết tiếp : « Điều mới ở đây là chúng tôi đã hiểu được cơ chế cho phép bệnh nhân bước đi. Do vậy, chúng tôi dùng điện kích thích vào các vùng khác nhau của tủy cột sống để lần lượt kích hoạt động tác co, duỗi, tạo dễ dàng cho việc bước đi. Điểm khác biệt lớn là khi luyện tập cho bệnh nhân bị liệt như vậy, chúng tôi nhận thấy là sau vài tuần luyện tập dồn dập, với những bài tập dài, bệnh nhân đã phục hồi được các chức năng cơ bắp, sau nhiều năm bị liệt. » Với ông Gregoire Courtine, thời điểm này có ý nghĩa quan trọng. Việc luyện tập giúp khôi phục lại tính đàn hồi tế bào thần kinh, nghĩa là kích thích khả năng tái tổ chức các đường truyền thần kinh. « Bệnh nhân sẽ phải kích thích các cơ bắp. Cùng một lúc, hoạt động này sẽ kích thích vùng tương ứng ở tủy cột sống. Sự trùng hợp này cho thấy là các sợi thần kinh đang hồi phục ở điểm này », theo như giải thích của ông Gregoire Courtine với báo Le Monde. Đây chính là điểm khác biệt so với các công trình nghiên cứu của Mỹ cũng được công bố trong năm nay.  Ngày 24/09/2018, hai nhóm nghiên cứu của Mỹ – một tại Mayo Clinic (Minnesota) và nhóm thứ hai Susan Harkema, thuộc trường đại học Louisville (Kentucky), nổi tiếng trong lĩnh vực này – cùng loan báo đã làm cho ba bệnh nhân khác bị liệt chi dưới đi lại được. Tuy nhiên, các phương pháp của các nhà khoa học Thụy Điển dường như có phần tinh vi hơn so với các nghiên cứu của đồng nghiệp Mỹ. Các nhà khoa học tại Hoa Kỳ chủ yếu dựa vào việc dùng xung điện kích thích tủy cột sống liên tục, kèm theo một chương trình tập luyện kéo dài. Một chiến lược mà ông Gregoire Courtine đánh giá là « theo kinh nghiệm », chỉ cho phép bệnh nhân « đi lại trong những khoảng cách ngắn, với điều kiện xung điện vẫn đang hoạt động », và nhất là kết quả chỉ đạt được sau nhiều tháng dài hồi phục chức năng. Một cuộc phiêu lưu tương lai Đối với các nhà khoa học và những người tình nguyện tham gia thí nghiệm, chương trình nghiên cứu này chẳng khác gì một cuộc phiêu lưu khoa học và đậm chất nhân bản. Cuộc phiêu lưu này có được nhờ vào sự nhiệt tình và bền bỉ của ba bệnh nhân. Hiếm có một cuộc thí nghiệm lâm sàng nào mà người tham gia dấn thân nhiệt tình đến như thế. Tuổi còn trẻ là một yếu tố quyết định. Ở các bệnh nhân lớn tuổi, việc hồi phục chắc chắn sẽ khó khăn hơn.  Kết quả đạt được còn khiêm tốn, nhưng lại đáng khích lệ. Các nhà khoa học cũng lưu ý là mức độ tự lập của từng bệnh nhân hiện nay vẫn rất khác nhau do tình trạng tê liệt của mỗi người mỗi khác. Có người có thể đi được vài bước không cần xung điện, nhưng hiện tại họ cảm thấy đi lại dễ dàng hơn khi có xung điện và có thể đi đến 2 km. Với kết quả đạt này, các nhà khoa học Thụy Sĩ hy vọng sắp tới sẽ đạt được tiến bộ hơn. Thí nghiệm lâm sàng sẽ được mở rộng ra cho nhiều đối tượng khác. Các tác giả tin rằng nếu được điều trị sớm, khả năng hồi phục chức năng đi lại càng cao và nhanh. Bà Jocelyne Bloch nói: « Đương nhiên, chúng tôi mới chỉ bắt đầu và cố gắng đưa ra một quan niệm. Ý tưởng của chúng tôi là trong tương lai, sẽ áp dụng phương pháp này để chữa trị. Nhưng liệu giới bác sĩ có chữa cho các bệnh nhân bị liệt có thể đi lại được, như chúng tôi đã làm hay không ? Có thể là không và còn cần có thêm các công trình nghiên cứu khác nữa. Nhưng trong mọi trường hợp, giới chuyên gia cần cố gắng để làm việc này một cách tốt nhất. Tôi nghĩ rằng một trong những điều chủ chốt là cần phải bắt đầu chữa trị rất sớm. Trong trường hợp ba bệnh nhân mà chúng tôi miêu tả, thì họ đã trải qua từ 3 đến 7 năm bị liệt sau khi bị chấn thương. Theo tôi, cần phải bắt đầu chữa trị ngay sau khi xẩy ra tổn thương ở tủy cột sống và luyện tập trong những điều kiện tốt nhất. Đó là tiến bộ đầu tiên cần phải đạt được. Điều thứ hai là cần cải thiện hệ thống kích thích để cho bệnh nhân có thể sớm thích ứng với cơ chế vận động của mỗi người và trong lĩnh vực này, cần phải đạt được thêm những tiến bộ kỹ thuật. » Liệu giải pháp này có thể mở rộng sang các bệnh tê liệt vì những nguyên nhân khác ? Về điểm này, bà Jocelyne Bloch khẳng định đây là điều còn hạn chế của các nghiên cứu hiện nay: « Các loại bệnh thoái hóa thì hơi khó bởi vì đó là những bệnh liên tục phát triển. Ngược lại, có những bệnh liên quan đến vận động, chẳng hạn những người bị tai biến mạch máu não, hoặc bị parkinson, gặp khó khăn vận động, tôi nghĩ chắc chắn là công trình nghiên cứu này có thể cải thiện khả năng vận động, đi lại. » 

On ne guérit pas d’une paralysie. En revanche on pourrait imaginer la court-circuiter en passant par-dessus la lésion pour reconnecter les parties en amont et en aval de la moelle épinière. C’est l’idée que le chercheur de l’EPFL, Grégoire Courtine poursuit depuis de nombreuses années et 36.9° l’a suivi.

Grégoire Courtine, chercheur à l'université de Bourgogne à Dijon, est l'incarnation du scientifique européen. Il a travaillé à Munich, Milan... Aujourd'hui à Lausanne, il poursuit un projet financé par l'Europe : faire un jour remarcher des personnes paraplégiques. Une histoire de collaboration entre chercheurs et surtout entre citoyens européens.

La physiognomonie fait partie de la même famille que la chiromancie, lectures de lignes de la main, et de la craniométrie, lecture des os du crâne, soit la famille des superstitions auxquelles on accole le mot de science. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/hndl   Avec: Laurent Turcot, professeur en histoire à l'Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada Abonnez-vous à ma chaine: https://www.youtube.com/c/LHistoirenousledira Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/histoirenousledira Les vidéos sont utilisées à des fins éducatives selon l'article 107 du Copyright Act de 1976 sur le Fair-Use. Pour aller plus loin: CORBIN, Alain, VIGARELLO, Georges et Jean-Jacques COURTINE (dir.) Histoire du corps, 1. De la Renaissance aux Lumières. Paris, Seuil, 2005. COURTINE, Jean-Jacques et Claudine HAROCHE. Histoire du visage, exprimer et taire ses émotions (XVIe-début XIXe siècle). Paris, Payot, 1988. DENIS, Vincent. Une histoire de l'identité, France 1715-1815. Seyssel, Champ Vallon, 2008. LE BRETON, David. Des visages. Essais d'anthropologie. Paris, Métailié, 1991. LE BRETON, David. Anthropologie du corps et modernité. Paris, PUF, 1990.