Podcasts about spatiotemporal

O uso de roupas é um comportamento moderno importante. Separe trinta minutinhos do seu dia e descubra com a Mila Massuda como se originou esse comportamento e como ele contribuiu para a expansão bem-sucedida dos humanos em latitudes mais altas eclimas frios.   Apresentação: Mila Massuda (@milamassuda) Roteiro: Mila Massuda (@milamassuda) e Emilio Garcia (@emilioblablalogia) Edição: @Matheus_Heredia, Clayton Heringer (@tocalivros) e Juscelino Filho (@canalmusicalia) Produção: Prof. Vítor Soares (@profvitorsoares) e BláBláLogia (@blablalogia) Gravado nos estúdios TocaCast   ‌Quer ir além dos trinta minutinhos e se aprofundar no mundo da Ecologia?   CURSO DE ECOLOGIA POR APENAS R$42,00  https://cursosdebiologia.hotmart.host/     REFERÊNCIAS:   D'ERRICO, F. et al. The origin and evolution of sewing technologies in Eurasia and North America. Journal of Human Evolution, v. 125, p. 71–86, 1 dez. 2018.   ELIASON, C. M. et al. Exceptional preservation and the fossil record of tetrapod integument. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 284, n. 1862, p. 20170556, 6 set. 2017.   JABLONSKI, N. G. The evolution of human skin pigmentation involved the interactions of genetic, environmental, and cultural variables. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research, v. 34, n. 4, p. 707–729, 4 maio 2021.   KITTLER, R.; KAYSER, M.; STONEKING, M. Molecular Evolution of Pediculus humanus and the Origin of Clothing. Current Biology, v. 13, n. 16, p. 1414–1417, 19 ago. 2003.   KOWALCZYK, A.; CHIKINA, M.; CLARK, N. Complementary evolution of coding and noncoding sequence underlies mammalian hairlessness. eLife, v. 11, p. e76911, 7 nov. 2022.   LASISI, T. et al. Human scalp hair as a thermoregulatory adaptation. 22 jan. 2023.   LU, C. P. et al. Spatiotemporal antagonism in mesenchymal-epithelial signaling in sweat versus hair fate decision. Science, v. 354, n. 6319, 23 dez. 2016.   OCOBOCK, C. et al. Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis among a small sample of reindeer herders from sub-Arctic Finland. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, v. 41, n. 1, 20 abr. 2022.   PAGEL, M.; BODMER, W. A naked ape would have fewer parasites. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, v. 270, n. suppl_1, 7 ago. 2003.‌   ROGERS, ALAN R.; ILTIS, D.; WOODING, S. Genetic Variation at the MC1R Locus and the Time since Loss of Human Body Hair. Current Anthropology, v. 45, n. 1, p. 105–108, fev. 2004.   ‌TOUPS, M. A. et al. Origin of Clothing Lice Indicates Early Clothing Use by Anatomically Modern Humans in Africa. Molecular Biology and Evolution, v. 28, n. 1, p. 29–32, 7 set. 2010.

Join Pacific Mammal Research (PacMam) scientists to learn about different marine mammals each episode! We discuss a little about the biology, behavior and fun facts about each species. Have fun and learn about marine mammals with PacMam! www.pacmam.org This week: White Beaked Dolphins Presenters: Cindy Elliser, Katrina MacIver Music by Josh Burns Sources: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/white-beaked-dolphin https://nammco.no/white-beaked-dolphin/#1475762140594-0925dd6e-f6cc New Research: • IJsseldijk et al 2018 – Spatiotemporal analysis of strandings https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/374690 • Van Elk et al 2014 – Is dolphin morbillivirus virulent? https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0300985813516643 • Bertulli et al 2015 – photoID marks in Iceland https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-marine-biological-association-of-the-united-kingdom/article/abs/an-assessment-of-the-natural-marking-patterns-used-for-photoidentification-of-common-minke-whales-and-whitebeaked-dolphins-in-icelandic-waters/C90BB6B92A97B770842D962A3C21F98D • Bertulli et al 2015 photoID and site fidelity in Iceland https://journal.iwc.int/index.php/jcrm/article/view/512 • Bertulli et al 2021 – Fission-fusion dynamics https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1749-4877.12524 • Bertulli et al. 2016 – Color pattern in Iceland https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/mms.12312 • Haelters and Everaarts 2011 https://www.sosdolfijn.nl/websites/1711/images/two-cases-of-physical-interaction-between-white-beaked-dolphins-and-juvenile-harbour-porpoises-in-the-southern-north-sea.pdf • Samarra et al. 2022 – trophic ecology of white beaked and harbor porpoise https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v702/p139-152/

Heather Crume, California Geological Survey Surface creep has been documented on the San Andreas fault (SAF) since the 1960s. From Parkfield in the southeast to San Juan Bautista (SJB) in the northwest, the SAF is largely creeping and accommodating most of the ~38 mm/year right-lateral plate motion. The SJB section of the SAF lies at the northwest boundary of the central creeping section, forming a creeping-to-locked transition. These transition sections are known to be potential zones for earthquake nucleation. Spatiotemporal changes in fault creep within this locking transition provide a potential quantitative measure for the assessment of the seismic hazard of the SAF system in the region. In addition to steady fault creep, episodic creep events characterized by accelerated slip of a few millimeters to centimeters over several days occur. However, knowledge of the along-strike and downdip-extent and propagation velocity of these events is limited by the sparse density of current creepmeters. How do these events propagate? What is their magnitude? What factors drive their occurrence? Moreover, there is a need to address environmental effects that can confound creep data and develop appropriate corrections. To address some of these questions, we have initiated a densification of the current creepmeter array by installing new instruments and renovating those in disrepair. We report results from some of these sensors. At Fox Creek, south of Hollister, we installed two creepmeters 130 m apart to measure creep event propagation velocity. One was equipped with an orthogonal sensor to measure dilation. During the dry season ≈0.16-0.35 mm of fault dilation accompanied complex creep event sequences with cumulative amplitudes of 3.5-5.8 mm. In the months following each sequence the fault zone slowly returned to its pre-event width. During one creep event a southward propagating dislocation was present with a velocity of 0.4 km/hour. We also observe distinct differences in amplitude and shape of creep events. Further, we are able to correct for apparent left-lateral slip due to fault closing during a rain event using the relationship between the orthogonal and oblique instruments.

References Brain. 2023 Sep 13:awad309 McBroom, Amanda. 1970 "the Rose" httBps://youtu.be/cO59ITNCxzk?si=v-qx_2_mPq3zbCYH --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

Bas van Hooren is a sport scientist, sport science consultant, and a runner with multiple national championship medals. In this interview we discuss a number of topics Bas has researched, including practical applications of these findings.     IN THIS EPISODE YOU'LL LEARN ABOUT: -Are cool-downs necessary?  -Is there a physiological or biomechanical difference between treadmill and outdoor running?  -What do we know about the physiology and training characteristics of the best older athletes in the world (70+)?  -Are there "sensitive periods" and what are the issues with the Long-Term Athlete Development model?  -Strength and conditioning science and application for runners and endurance athletes -Devices and technology   SHOWNOTES: https://scientifictriathlon.com/tts411/   SCIENTIFIC TRIATHLON AND THAT TRIATHLON SHOW WEBPAGE: www.scientifictriathlon.com/podcast/   SPONSORS: FORM Smart Swim Goggles give you unprecedented real-time feedback in your swim training through a display on the goggle lens. See every split to stay on pace, track your stroke rate and don't let it drop, use heart rate to become more scientific and precise with your training (through integration with Polar HR monitors) and analyse more in-depth metrics post-swim in the app. You can also use a vast library of workouts or training plans, or build your own guided workouts. Get 15% off the goggles with the code TTS15 on formswim.com/tts.    ZEN8 - The ZEN8 Indoor Swim Trainer is a unique Dryland Swim Trainer that allows you to improve technique, power, and swim training consistency. With the trainer you can do specific power and technique work, including working on your catch and core activation, and it helps you stay consistent even if you don't have much time to train. You can try the Zen8 risk-free for up to 30 days, and you can get 20% off your first order on zen8swimtrainer.com/tts.   LINKS AND RESOURCES: Bas' Twitter, website and Research Gate Do We Need a Cool-Down After Exercise? A Narrative Review of the Psychophysiological Effects and the Effects on Performance, Injuries and the Long-Term Adaptive Response - van Hooren & Peake 2018 A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Crossover Studies Comparing Physiological, Perceptual and Performance Measures Between Treadmill and Overground Running - Miller et al. 2019 Is Motorized Treadmill Running Biomechanically Comparable to Overground Running? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Over Studies - van Hooren et al. 2020 Mechanical Properties of Treadmill Surfaces Compared to Other Overground Sport Surfaces - Colino et al. 2020 Physiological, Spatiotemporal, Anthropometric, Training, and Performance Characteristics of a 75-Year-Old Multiple World Record Holder Middle-Distance Runner - van Hooren et al. 2022 A physiological comparison of the new—over 70 years of age—marathon record holder and his predecessor: A case report - van Hooren & Lepers 2023 Sensitive Periods to Train General Motor Abilities in Children and Adolescents: Do They Exist? A Critical Appraisal - van Hooren & De Ste Croix 2020 The Effects of Set Structure Manipulation on Chronic Adaptations to Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - Jukic et al. 2021 Running: Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology in Practice - book by Frans Bosch   RATE AND REVIEW: If you enjoy the show, please help me out by subscribing, rating and reviewing: www.scientifictriathlon.com/rate/   CONTACT: Want to send feedback, questions or just chat? Email me at mikael@scientifictriathlon.com or connect on Instagram, Facebook, or Twitter.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.31.551302v1?rss=1 Authors: Ling, Y. H., Ye, J., Yu, C., Liang, C., Park, G., Corden, J., Wu, C. Abstract: Efficient gene expression demands RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) to find chromatin targets precisely in space and time. How RNAPII manages this complex diffusive search in a 3D nuclear space remains largely unknown. The disordered carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNAPII, which is essential for recruiting transcription-associated proteins, forms phase-separated droplets in vitro, hinting at a potential role in modulating RNAPII dynamics. Here, we use single-molecule tracking and spatiotemporal mapping in living yeast to show that the CTD is responsible for confining RNAPII diffusion within a subnuclear region enriched for active genes, but without apparent phase separation into condensates. Both Mediator and global chromatin organization are required for sustaining RNAPII confinement. Remarkably, truncating the CTD disrupts RNAPII spatial confinement, prolongs target search, diminishes chromatin binding, impairs pre-initiation complex formation, and reduces transcription bursting. This study illuminates the pivotal role of the CTD in driving spatiotemporal confinement of RNAPII for efficient gene expression. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.31.551212v1?rss=1 Authors: Gulbinaite, R., Nazari, M., Rule, M. E., Bermudez Contreras, E. J., Cohen, M. X., Heimel, J. A., Mohajerani, M. H. Abstract: Human primary visual cortex (V1) is entrained by the rhythmic light and responds more strongly, or resonates, to ~10, ~15-20, ~40-50 Hz flicker. Full-field flicker also elicits geometric hallucinations, the origin of which has only been explored in computational models and human EEG with limited spatial resolution. Here, we recorded cortical responses to flicker in awake mice using high spatial resolution widefield imaging in combination with high temporal resolution glutamate-sensing fluorescent reporter (iGluSnFR). Resonance frequencies in mouse V1 were similar to those in humans (8 Hz, 15 Hz, 33 Hz). Spatially, all flicker frequencies evoked responses in V1 corresponding to retinotopic stimulus location and some evoked additional spatial peaks. These flicker-induced cortical patterns displayed standing wave characteristics and matched linear wave equation solutions in an area restricted to the visual cortex. Taken together, the interaction of travelling waves with cortical area boundaries leads to spatiotemporal activity patterns, which may affect perception. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.28.550941v1?rss=1 Authors: Malik, A., Boyaci, H. Abstract: The lightness of a surface depends not only on the amount of light reflected off it but also on the context it is embedded in. Despite a long history of research, neural correlates of context-dependent lightness perception remain a question of ongoing debate. The current study seeks to expand upon the existing literature by measuring fMRI responses to a dynamic version of a classical effect called simultaneous lightness induction (SLI), where a central disk appears lighter when embedded in a darker surround compared to when embedded in a lighter surround. During the fMRI experiment, we presented ten participants with a dynamic SLI stimulus by modulating the luminance of either the achromatic surround (surround-modulation condition) or the achromatic disk (disk-modulation condition) at four different frequencies ranging from 1 to 8 Hz. Behaviorally, when the surround luminance is modulated at low frequencies, participants perceive an illusory change in the lightness of the disk (lightness induction). In contrast, they perceive little or no induction at higher frequencies. Utilizing this temporal dependence and controlling for long-range responses to border contrast and luminance changes, we found that activity in the primary visual cortex (V1) correlates with lightness induction. However, such a correlation was not evident in extrastriate areas, V2, V3, and V4. These findings provide evidence for the involvement of V1 in the processing of context-dependent lightness. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.19.549752v1?rss=1 Authors: Dong, B., Mahapatra, S., Clark, M. G., Carlsen, M., Mohn, K. J., Ma, S., Brasseale, K., Crim, G., Zhang, C. Abstract: Controlling chemical processes in live cells is a challenging task. The spatial heterogeneity of biochemical reactions in cells is often overlooked by conventional means of incubating cells with desired chemicals. A comprehensive understanding of spatially diverse biochemical processes requires precise control over molecular activities at the subcellular level. Herein, we develop a closed-loop optoelectronic control system that allows the manipulation of biomolecular activities in live cells at high spatiotemporal precision. Chemical-selective fluorescence signals are utilized to command lasers that trigger specific chemical reactions or control the activation of photoswitchable inhibitors at desired targets. We demonstrate the capability to selectively produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) solely at targeted organelles using blue light. Notably, the induction of ROS in the endoplasmic reticulum leads to a more pronounced disruption of tubulin polymerization and a reduction in green fluorescent protein signals, in comparison to that in lipid droplets. Moreover, when combined with a photoswitchable inhibitor, we selectively inhibit tubulin polymerization within subcellular compartments. This technology enables spatiotemporal control over chemical processes and drug activities, exclusively at desired targets, while minimizing undesired effects on non-targeted locations. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.28.546950v1?rss=1 Authors: Monfared, R. V., Abdelkarim, S., Derdeyn, P., Chen, K., Wu, H., Leong, K., Chang, T., Lee, J., Versales, S., Nauli, S., Beier, K., Baldi, P., Alachkar, A. Abstract: Primary cilia, dynamic microtubule-based organelles, play crucial roles in cellular homeostasis, development, and signal transduction. Despite the recognition of their importance, the complex dynamics of cilia, particularly their potential roles in the brain, circadian rhythms, and neurological processes, remain largely unexplored. Here, we conduct a comprehensive exploration of the spatiotemporal variability and circadian rhythms of primary cilia length and orientation across 22 distinct mouse brain regions by analyzing over 10 million individual cilia. We found that both cilia length and angle in numerous brain regions exhibit very dynamic changes over a 24 hour period. Specifically, the fluctuations in cilia length and orientation have notable peaks during both light and dark phases. Our comprehensive analysis further revealed that cilia display a distinct distribution at 45 degree increments, indicating that the orientation of cilia within the brain is not random but rather prefers specific orientations. Collectively, these findings provide invaluable insights into the complex interplay between cilia dynamics, circadian rhythms, and brain function. Our data also highlight cilia's significance in the brain's response to environmental changes and regulation of time-dependent physiological processes. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.24.546388v1?rss=1 Authors: Kupers, E. R., Kim, I., Grill-spector, K. Abstract: When multiple visual stimuli are presented simultaneously in the receptive field, the neural response is suppressed compared to presenting the same stimuli sequentially. The prevailing hypothesis suggests that this suppression is due to competition among multiple stimuli for limited resources within receptive fields, governed by task demands. However, it is unknown how stimulus-driven computations may give rise to simultaneous suppression. Using fMRI, we find simultaneous suppression in single voxels, which varies with both stimulus size and timing, and progressively increases up the visual hierarchy. Using population receptive field (pRF) models, we find that compressive spatiotemporal summation rather than compressive spatial summation predicts simultaneous suppression, and that increased simultaneous suppression is linked to larger pRF sizes and stronger compressive nonlinearities. These results necessitate a rethinking of simultaneous suppression as the outcome of stimulus-driven compressive spatiotemporal computations within pRFs, and open new opportunities to study visual processing capacity across space and time. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.02.539164v1?rss=1 Authors: Kim, I., Kupers, E. R., Lerma-Usabiaga, G., Grill-Spector, K. Abstract: Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.27.538587v1?rss=1 Authors: Toth, A. D., Szalai, B., Kovacs, O. T., Garger, D., Prokop, S., Balla, A., Inoue, A., Varnai, P., Turu, G., Hunyady, L. Abstract: The varying efficacy of biased and balanced agonists is generally explained by the stabilization of different active receptor conformations. In this study, systematic profiling of transducer activation of AT1 angiotensin receptor agonists revealed that the extent and kinetics of {beta}-arrestin binding exhibit substantial ligand-dependent differences, which however completely disappear upon the inhibition of receptor internalization. Even weak partial agonists for the {beta}-arrestin pathway acted as full or near full agonists, if receptor endocytosis was prevented, indicating that receptor conformation is not an exclusive determinant of {beta}-arrestin recruitment. The ligand-dependent variance in {beta}-arrestin translocation at endosomes was much larger than it was at the plasma membrane, showing that ligand efficacy in the {beta}-arrestin pathway is spatiotemporally determined. Experimental investigations and mathematical modeling demonstrated how multiple factors concurrently shape the effects of agonists on endosomal receptor-{beta}-arrestin binding and thus determine the extent of bias. Among others, ligand dissociation rate and G protein activity have particularly strong impact on receptor-{beta}-arrestin interaction, and their effects are integrated at endosomes. Our results highlight that endocytosis forms a key spatiotemporal platform for biased GPCR signaling and can aid the development of more efficacious functionally-selective compounds. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.27.538530v1?rss=1 Authors: Mesnildrey, Q., Aksenov, A., Renaud-D'Ambra, M., Hartwigsen, G., Volpert, V., Beuter, A. Abstract: Efficient language production requires rapid interactions between different brain areas. These interactions can be severely affected by brain lesions. However, the neurophysiological correlates of the spatiotemporal dynamics during language production are not well understood. The current pilot study explores differences in spatiotemporal cortical dynamics between five subjects with post-stroke aphasia and five control subjects. Electroencephalography was recorded during picture naming in both groups. Average-based analyses (event-related potential (ERP), frequency-specific Global Field Power (GFP)), reveal a strong synchronization of cortical oscillations, especially within the first 600ms post-stimulus, with a time shift between participants with aphasia and control subjects. ERPs and the corresponding brain microstates indicate coordinated brain activity alternating mainly between frontal and occipital zones. This behavior can be described as standing waves between two main sources. At the single-trial scale, traveling waves (TW) were identified from both phase and amplitude analyses. The spatiotemporal distribution of amplitude TW reveals subject-specific organization of several interconnected hubs. In patients with aphasia this spatial organization of TW reveals zones with no TW notably in the vicinity of stroke lesions. The present results provide important hints for the hypothesis that TW contribute to the synchronization and communication between different brain areas especially by interconnecting cortical hubs. Moreover, our findings show that cortical dynamics is affected by brain lesions. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.17.537173v1?rss=1 Authors: Gallimore, C. G., Ricci, D., Hamm, J. P. Abstract: Context modulates neocortical processing of sensory data. Unexpected visual stimuli elicit large responses in primary visual cortex (V1): a phenomenon known as deviance detection (DD) at the neural level, or mismatch negativity (MMN) when measured with EEG. It remains unclear how visual DD/MMN signals emerge across cortical layers, in temporal relation to the onset of deviant stimuli, and with respect to brain oscillations. Here we employed a visual oddball sequence (a classic paradigm for studying aberrant DD/MMN in neuropsychiatric populations) and recorded local field potentials in V1 of awake mice with 16-channel multielectrode arrays. Multiunit activity and current source density profiles showed that while basic adaptation to redundant stimuli was present early (50ms) in layer 4 responses, DD emerged later (150-230ms) in supragranular layers (L2/3). This DD signal coincided with increased delta/theta (2-7Hz) and high-gamma (70-80Hz) oscillations in L2/3 and decreased beta oscillations (26-36hz) in L1. These results clarify the neocortical dynamics elicited during an oddball paradigm at a microcircuit level. They are consistent with a predictive coding framework, which posits that predictive suppression is present in cortical feed-back circuits, which synapse in L1, while prediction errors engage cortical feed-forward processing streams, which emanate from L2/3. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.31.534636v1?rss=1 Authors: Lynch, K. M., Cabeen, R. P., Toga, A. W. Abstract: Neocortical maturation is a dynamic process that proceeds in a hierarchical manner; however, the spatiotemporal organization of cortical microstructure with diffusion MRI has yet to be fully defined. This study characterized cortical microstructural maturation using diffusion MRI (fwe-DTI and NODDI multi-compartment modeling) in a cohort of 637 children and adolescents between 8 and 21 years of age. We found spatially heterogeneous developmental patterns broadly demarcated into functional domains where NODDI metrics increased and fwe-DTI metrics decreased with age. Using non-negative matrix factorization, we found cortical regions that correspond to lower-order sensory regions mature earlier than higher-order association regions. Our findings corroborate previous histological and neuroimaging studies that show spatially-varying patterns of cortical maturation that may reflect unique developmental processes of cytoarchitectonically-determined regional patterns of change. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.31.535147v1?rss=1 Authors: Hladyshau, S., Stoop, J. P., Kamada, K., Nie, S., Tsygankov, D. V. Abstract: Rho-GTPases are central regulators within a complex signaling network that controls the cytoskeletal organization and cell movement. This network includes multiple GTPases, such as the most studied Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA, and their numerous effectors that provide mutual regulation and feedback loops. Here we investigate the temporal and spatial relationship between Rac1 and Cdc42 during membrane ruffling using a simulation model which couples GTPase signaling with cell morphodynamics to capture the GTPase behavior observed with FRET-based biosensors. We show that membrane velocity is regulated by the kinetic rate of GTPase activation rather than the concentration of active GTPase. Our model captures both uniform and polarized ruffling. We also show that cell-type specific time delays between Rac1 and Cdc42 activation can be reproduced with a single signaling motif, in which the delay is controlled by feedback from Cdc42 to Rac1. The resolution of our simulation output matches those of the time-lapsed recordings of cell dynamics and GTPase activity. This approach allows us to validate simulation results with quantitative precision using the same pipeline for the analysis of simulated and experimental data. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.28.534553v1?rss=1 Authors: Zucha, D., Abaffy, P., Kirdajova, D., Jirak, D., Anderova, M., Kubista, M., Valihrach, L. Abstract: The role of non-neuronal cells in the resolution of cerebral ischemia remains to be fully understood. To decode key cellular processes that occur after ischemia, we performed spatial and single-cell transcriptomic profiling of mouse brain tissue during the first week of injury. Cortical gene expression was severely disrupted, being defined by inflammation and cell death in the lesion core, and glial scar formation on the periphery. For each of the three major glial populations, an inflammatory-responsive state, resembling the reactive states observed in neurodegenerative contexts, was documented. The recovered spectrum of ischemia-induced oligodendrocyte states supports the emerging hypothesis that oligodendrocytes actively respond to and modulate the neuroinflammatory stimulus. Thus, we present a landmark transcriptomic dataset that provides a comprehensive view of spatiotemporal organization of processes in the post-ischemic brain and documents the conservation of glial response in CNS pathology. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.24.534057v1?rss=1 Authors: Yip, H. M. K., Allison-Walker, T. J., Cloherty, S. L., Hagan, M. A., Price, N. S. C. Abstract: Ocular following is a short-latency, reflexive eye movement that tracks wide-field visual motion. It has been studied extensively in humans and macaques and is an appealing behaviour for studying sensory-motor transformations in the brain due to its rapidity and rigidity. We explored ocular following in the marmoset, an emerging model in neuroscience because their lissencephalic brain allows direct access to most cortical areas for imaging and electrophysiological recordings. In three experiments, we tested ocular following responses in three adult marmosets. First, we varied the gap between saccade end and stimulus motion onset (post-saccadic delay), from 10 to 300 ms. As in other species, tracking had shorter onset latencies and higher eye speeds with shorter post-saccadic delays. Second, using sine-wave grating stimuli we explored the dependence of eye speed on spatiotemporal frequency. The highest eye speed was evoked at ~16 Hz and ~0.16 cycles per degree (cpd), however, the highest gain was elicited at ~1.6 Hz and ~1.2 cpd. The highest eye speed for each spatial frequency was observed at a different temporal frequency, but this interdependence was not consistent with complete speed tuning of the ocular following response. Finally, we found the highest eye speeds when saccade and stimulus motion directions were congruent, although latencies were unaffected by direction congruence. Our results showed comparable ocular following in marmosets, humans and macaques, despite over an order of magnitude variation in body and eye size across species. This characterization will help future studies examining the neural basis of sensory-motor transformations. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.01.530693v1?rss=1 Authors: Shi, Y., Sun, S., Li, J., Wang, S., Yu, Y., Guo, K., Yang, J., Han, L., Wei, W., Qiu, J. Abstract: Introduction: Understanding the cellular composition and trajectory of human tooth development is valuable for dentistry and stem cell engineering research. Previous single-cell studies have focused on mature human tooth and developing mice tooth, but cell landscape on human embryonic dental development is still lacking. Objective: We aimed to construct the spatiotemporal cell atlas of aborted fetus tooth germ. Methods: We collected tooth germ tissues from aborted fetus (17-24 week) for single cell RNA sequence and spatial transcriptome. Subsequent clustering, spatial projection, pseudotime, gene regulation network, pathway enrichment and signaling network analysis were applied to reveal the cellular composition as well as its biological significance. Results: We classified all cells into seven subclusters of epithelium, seven clusters of mesenchyme and other cell types like Schwann cell precursor and pericyte. For epithelium, the matrix cell-striatum intermedium branch and the ameloblast branch diverged from a same set of KRT15+-HOPX+-ALCAM+ epithelial stem cell lineage, but the spatial distribution of two branches were not clearly distinct. This trajectory received spatially adjacent regulation signals from mesenchyme and pericyte, including JAG1 and APP. The differentiation of pulp cell and pre-odontoblast showed four waves of temporally distinct gene expression, which involved regulation networks of LHX9, DLX5 and SP7 and were regulated by upstream ligands like BMP family. Conclusion: We provided a reference landscape for the research on human early tooth development, covering different spatial structures and developmental periods. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.01.530588v1?rss=1 Authors: MIzukoshi, T., Yamada, S., Sakakibara, S.-i. Abstract: The levels of purines, essential molecules to sustain eukaryotic cell homeostasis, are regulated by the coordination of the de novo and salvage synthesis pathways. In the embryonic central nervous system (CNS), the de novo pathway is considered crucial to meet the requirements for the active proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). However, how these two pathways are balanced or separately utilized during CNS development remains poorly understood. In this study, we showed a dynamic shift in pathway utilization, with greater reliance on the de novo pathway during embryonic stages and on the salvage pathway at postnatal-adult stages. The pharmacological effects of various purine synthesis inhibitors in vitro and the expression profile of purine synthesis enzymes indicated that NSPCs in the embryonic cerebrum mainly utilize the de novo pathway. Simulatenously, NSPCs in the cerebellum require both the de novo and the salvage pathways. In vivo administration of de novo inhibitors resulted in severe hypoplasia of the forebrain cortical region, indicating a gradient of purine demand along the anteroposterior axis of the embryonic brain, with cortical areas of the dorsal forebrain having higher purine requirements than ventral or posterior areas such as the striatum and thalamus. This histological defect of the neocortex was accompanied by strong downregulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)/ribosomal S6 kinase (S6K)/S6 signaling cascade, a crucial pathway for cell metabolism, growth, and survival. These findings indicate the importance of the spatiotemporal regulation of both purine pathways for mTORC1 signaling and proper brain development. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

And now for something completely different!  Last October, The Santa Fe Institute held its third InterPlanetary Festival at SITE Santa Fe, celebrating the immensely long time horizon, deep scientific and philosophical questions, psychological challenges, and engineering problems involved in humankind's Great Work to extend its understanding and presence into outer space. For our third edition, we turned our attention to visionary projects living generations will likely not live to see completed — interstellar travel, off-world cities, radical new ways of understanding spacetime — as an invitation to engage in science as not merely interesting but deeply fun. For our first panel, we decided to inquire: What is time, really? How has science fiction changed  the way we track and measure, speak about, and live in time? And how do physics and complex systems science pose and answer these most fundamental questions?Welcome to COMPLEXITY, the official podcast of the Santa Fe Institute. I'm your host, Michael Garfield, and every other week we'll bring you with us for far-ranging conversations with our worldwide network of rigorous researchers developing new frameworks to explain the deepest mysteries of the universe.In this week's episode, we share the Complex Conceptions of Time panel from InterPlanetary Festival 2022, moderated by SFI President David Krakauer and featuring an all-star trinity of panelists: science journalist James Gleick, sci-fi author and SFI Miller Scholar Ted Chiang, and physicist and SFI Professor David Wolpert. In this hour, we play with and dissect some favorite metaphors for time, unroll the history of time's mathematization, review time travel in science fiction, and examine the arguments between free will and determinism.Be sure to check out our extensive show notes with links to all our references at complexity.simplecast.com — as well as the extensive, interactive web-based “Voyager Golden Record Liner Notes” with links to not only all of the panels from IPFest 2022 but also copious additional resources, including contributor bios, peer-reviewed publications, science fiction and nonfiction science writing, and more…If you value our research and communication efforts, please subscribe, rate and review us at Apple Podcasts or Spotify, and consider making a donation — or finding other ways to engage with us — at santafe.edu/engage.If you'd like some HD virtual backgrounds of the SFI campus to use on video calls and a chance to win a signed copy of one of our books from the SFI Press, help us improve our science communication by completing a survey about our various scicomm channels. Thanks for your time!Lastly, we have a bevy of summer programs coming up! Join us June 19-23 for Collective Intelligence: Foundations + Radical Ideas, a first-ever event open to both academics and professionals, with sessions on adaptive matter, animal groups, brains, AI, teams, and more.  Space is limited!  The application deadline has been extended to March 1st.OR apply to the Graduate Workshop on Complexity in Social Science.OR the Complexity GAINS UK program for PhD students.(OR check our open listings for a staff or research job!)Join our Facebook discussion group to meet like minds and talk about each episode.Podcast theme music by Mitch Mignano.Episode cover art by Michael Garfield with the help of Midjourney.Follow us on social media:Twitter • YouTube • Facebook • Instagram • LinkedIn(SOME) Mentioned & Related Links:David KrakauerMathematical languages shape our understanding of time in physicsby Nicolas GisinDoes Time Really Flow? New Clues Come From a Century-Old Approach to Mathby Natalie WolchoverThe Principle of Least ActionPath Integral FormulationClosed Timelike CurveThe Time Machineby H. G. WellsKip ThorneJames GleickGenius: The Life and Science of Richard FeynmanThe Physicist and The Philosopherby Jimena CanalesTed Chiang“Story of Your Life”ArrivalExhalationRussian Doll (TV series)“The Merchant and the Alchemist's Gate”David WolpertComplexity 94 - David Wolpert & Farita Tasnim on The Thermodynamics of CommunicationComplexity 45 - David Wolpert on The No Free Lunch Theorems and Why They Undermine The Scientific MethodA Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court by Mark TwainIntuitionist Mathematics

In Part 3 of our four part GAIT ANALYSIS special, our special guest is Dr Izzy Moore, Associate Professor in Human Movement & Sports Medicine at Cardiff Metropolitan University. Other Episodes: Part 1 with Dr. Max Paquette, Associate Professor of the University of Memphis Human Performance Center is available on all popular podcast apps and YouTube. Part 2 with Dr JF Esculier, Vice-President & Director of Research & Development at The Running Clinic. Part 3 with Dr Izzy Moore, Associate Professor in Human Movement & Sports Medicine at Cardiff Metropolitan University.   Part 4: JOIN US LIVE Thursday March 2nd 8pm (GMT): Dr. Allison Gruber, Assistant Professor in the Department of Kinesiology at Indiana University Bloomington. GAIT ANALYSIS COURSE IN MAY If you are interested in starting a Gait Analysis service or updating it to be more evidence informed, podcast host Matt Phillips will be giving his course ‘Gait Analysis For Runners: A Modern Approach' in May 2023. • Two live ONLINE mornings - Saturday 6th & 13th May • One IN PERSON full day - Saturday 20th May at The School in Exeter. Full details at Runchatlive.com and The School Website. Topics discussed with Dr Izzy Moore in this episode: 1:20 Details of all episodes of this Gait Analysis Series  2:15: Dr Izzy Moore - over a decade of running related research 6:40 Running Researchers that influenced Dr Izzy Moore: Dr Daniel Lieberman, Dr Irene Davis, Dr Allison Gruber  11:00 Hardware & software that Dr Moore uses at Cardiff University for running related research 14:20 Dr Moore's studies with Grainne Donnelly & Emma Brockwell 'Running During Pregnancy & Post Partum, Parts A & B' (2022)   22:30 The relationship of sex-specific kinematic variables & running economy  27:10 Should we be encouraging running form changes in female runners pursuing improved running performance? 33:00 Camille Herron: Interesting example of femoral anteversion  34:00 Sprint Mechanics vs Distance Running 36:30 The relationship of sex-specific kinematic variables & running injury 39:40 Spatiotemporal variables: Cadence and Step Length 48:20 Free Software: Predicting Optimal Gait Characteristics Spreadsheet (link below) 49:30 Breast Biomechanics 55:20 Follow Dr Izzy Moore on Twitter: @IzzyMoorePhD Useful Links   Twitter: @IzzyMoorePhd ResearchGate Dr Izzy Moore Download Link for 'Predicting Optimal Gait Characteristics Spreadsheet' Our sincere thanks to Dr Izzy Moore for giving up her time to be a guest! Join us for Part 4 on Thursday March 2nd 8pm (GMT) with guest Dr. Allison Gruber, Assistant Professor in the Department of Kinesiology at Indiana University Bloomington. Please Support Our Podcast! If you appreciate what we do on Runchatlive Podcast, please take a couple of minutes to leave us a rating & review. It really does make all the difference in helping us reach out to a larger audience. iPhone users you can do this from your phone, Android users you will need to do it from iTunes.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.17.528983v1?rss=1 Authors: Fameli, N., van Breemen, C., Groschner, K. Abstract: Specificity of control over virtually all essential cellular functions by Ca2+ is based on the existence of separated, autonomic signaling modules. Spatiotemporal definition of Ca2+ signals involves the assembly of signaling complexes within the nano-architecture of contact sites between the sarco/endoplasmic (SR/ER) reticulum and the plasma membrane (PM). While the requirement of precise spatial assembly and positioning of the junctional signaling elements is well documented, the role of the nano-scale membrane architecture itself, as an ion reflecting confinement of the signaling unit, remains as yet elusive. Utilizing the NCX1/SERCA2-mediated ER Ca2+ refilling process as a junctional signalling paradigm, we provide here the first evidence for an indispensable cellular function of the junctional membrane architecture. Our stochastic modeling approach demonstrates that junctional ER Ca2+ refilling operates exclusively at nano-scale membrane spacing, with a strong inverse relationship between junctional width and signaling efficiency. Our model predicts a breakdown of junctional Ca2+ signaling with loss of reflecting membrane confinement, irrespective of the spatial positioning of the molecular signaling elements. Alterations in the molecular and nano-scale membrane organization at organelle-PM contacts are suggested as new concept in pathophysiology. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.16.528781v1?rss=1 Authors: Orima, T., Motoyoshi, I. Abstract: The human visual system rapidly recognizes the categories and global properties of complex natural scenes. The present study investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of neural signals involved in ultra-rapid scene recognition using electroencephalography (EEG) decoding. We recorded visual evoked potentials from 11 human observers for 232 natural scenes, each of which belonged to one of 13 natural scene categories (e.g., a bedroom or open country) and had three global properties (naturalness, openness, and roughness). We trained a deep convolutional classification model of the natural scene categories and global properties using EEGNet. Having confirmed that the model successfully classified natural scene categories and the three global properties, we applied Grad-CAM to the EEGNet model to visualize the EEG channels and time points that contributed to the classification. The analysis showed that EEG signals in the occipital lobes at short latencies (~88 ms) contributed to the classifications other than roughness, whereas those in the frontal lobes at relatively long latencies (~250 ms) contributed to the classification of naturalness and the individual scene category. These results suggest that different global properties are encoded in different cortical areas and with different timings, and that the encoding of scene categories shifts from the occipital to the frontal lobe over time. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.14.528558v1?rss=1 Authors: Clary, R. C., Jenkins, B. A., Lumpkin, E. A. Abstract: As the juncture between the body and environment, epithelia are both protective barriers and sensory interfaces that continually renew. To determine whether sensory neurons remodel to maintain homeostasis, we used in vivo two-photon imaging of somatosensory axons innervating Merkel cells in adult mouse skin. These touch receptors were highly plastic: 63% of Merkel cells and 89% of branches appeared, disappeared, grew, regressed and/or relocated over a month. Interestingly, Merkel-cell plasticity was synchronized across arbors during rapid epithelial turnover. When Merkel cells remodeled, the degree of plasticity between Merkel-cell clusters and their axons was well correlated. Moreover, branches were stabilized by Merkel-cell contacts. These findings highlight the role of epithelial-neural crosstalk in homeostatic remodeling. Conversely, axons were also dynamic when Merkel cells were stable, indicating that intrinsic neural mechanisms drive branch plasticity. Two terminal morphologies innervated Merkel cells: transient swellings called boutons, and stable cups termed kylikes. In Atoh1 knockout mice that lack Merkel cells, axons showed higher complexity than control mice, with exuberant branching and no kylikes. Thus, Merkel cells limit axonal branching and promote branch maturation. Together, these results reveal a previously unsuspected high degree of plasticity in somatosensory axons that is biased, but not solely dictated, by plasticity of target epithelial cells. This system provides a platform to identify intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that govern axonal patterning in epithelial homeostasis. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Kanazawa University NanoLSI Podcast: The offshoot of cells visualized in real timeTranscript of this podcastHello and welcome to the NanoLSI podcast. Thank you for joining us today. In this episode we feature the latest research by Richard Wong and colleagues at the Kanazawa University NanoLSI. The research described in this podcast was published in the Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, in November 2022 Kanazawa University NanoLSI website https://nanolsi.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/en/The offshoot of cells visualized in real timeIn a study recently published in the Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, researchers from Kanazawa University use high-speed microscopy to capture the dynamics of nanosized sacs released from cells.Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are tiny sacs released by cells to deliver chemical messengers to other cells. Since sEVs are compatible with biological tissue they are being investigated as carriers for nanodrugs. However, the impact of physiological stress—such as changes in temperature—on the structure of sEVs is obscure. A research team led by Richard Wong and Keesiang Lim at Kanazawa University has now used an advanced form of microscopy to elucidate these changes in real time.The temperature, acid, and salt levels in our bodies can fluctuate with factors such as disease. Thus, research on sEVs for drug development requires a deeper understanding of how stressful environments affect the vesicles' structure. For their study, the team first isolated sEVs from cells. Next, using a technique known as high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) the structure of sEVs was revealed to be either spherical or ellipsoidal in shape. HS-AFM also enabled the researchers to accurately measure the sizes of sEVs without rupturing or damaging the vesicular membranes.The effect of varying temperatures on sEVs was the first parameter assessed. At temperatures higher than normal (37°C) body temperature the vesicles showed deformations in shape coupled with a loss of elasticity of their membranes. On the other hand, sEVs in cold conditions (4°C) had a reduced ability to release any internal material effectively.The researchers then studied the effects of pH (acid levels) on sEVs. The physiological pH of the bloodstream is 7.4. A pH less than 7 indicates acidic conditions and anything more than that is termed alkaline. The sEVs seemed to maintain their shape in acidic conditions (pH 4) but in alkaline conditions (pH 10) they were deformed. However, at a pH of 4 the sEVs were smaller in size suggesting their internal contents had been lost.Now, salt levels (known as osmotic pressure) at a concentration of 0.15 M are healthy. However, changes in osmotic pressure can have detrimental effects on cells. As conditions were gradually changed it was found that the spherical nature of sEVs decreased at high salt concentrations (1.8 M) but seemed to remain intact at low concentrations (0 M). After a while, vesicles in high osmotic conditions showed ruptured membranes.An understanding of these dynamics is imperative to formulating sEVs as pharmaceutical aids in different disease conditions. This study established HS-AFM as a useful tool to depict changes in sEVs under various physiological conditions in real time. “In summary, our study demonstrates the feasibility of HS-AFM for structural characterization and assessment of nanoparticles,” concludes the team.ReferenceElma Sakinatus Sajidah, Keesiang Lim, Tomoyoshi Yamano, Goro Nishide, Yujia Qiu, Takeshi Yoshida, Hanbo Wang, Akiko Kobayashi, Masaharu Hazawa, Firli Dewi, Rikinari Hanayama, Toshio Ando, Richard Wong. Spatiotemporal tracking of small extracellular vesicle nanotopology in response to physicochemical strNanoLSI Podcast website

Taylor Josephine Stephanie Luciow (aka Taylor Mitchell) was an up and coming country folk singer in Canada, but since October of 2009, she has been famous for a much different and darker reason: She's the only human (on record) to have been killed by a coyote.What happened in the Cape Breton Highlands National Park that led to this? A recent study titled "Severe environmental conditions create severe conflicts: A novel ecological pathway to extreme coyote attacks on humans" shed light on exactly why this death happened, and we go over it all.We also go over a TWS article and other scientific paper called "Spatiotemporal relationships of coyotes and free-ranging domestic cats as indicators of conflict in Culver City, California" about why so many cats were being killed in an area where coyotes lived (spoiler: it's not the coyotes fault).If you'd like to visit the Cape Breton Highlands National Park in Canada and want to know how to stay safe around their wildlife, you can visit their website here. If you visit the park and have a negative encounter with a coyote, call and report the incident to 1-877-852-3100.Support the showSupport the show by shopping at www.getoutalivepodcast.com/shopFollow us on Instagram, Facebook, Tiktok, check out our website GetOutAlivePodcast.com and join us on Patreon!You can find Ashley @TheAngryOlogist on Twitter

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.27.525870v1?rss=1 Authors: Cleland, L. D., Rowland, H. M., Mazza, C., Saal, H. P. Abstract: The human foot sole is the primary interface with the external world during balance and walking, and also provides important tactile information on the state of contact. However, prior stud- ies on plantar pressure have focused mostly on summary metrics such as overall force or centre of pressure under limited condi- tions. Here, we recorded spatiotemporal plantar pressure pat- terns with high spatial resolution while participants completed a wide range of daily activities, including balancing, locomotion, and jumping tasks. Contact area differed across task categories, but was only moderately correlated with the overall force expe- rienced by the foot sole. The centre of pressure was often located outside the contact area or in locations experiencing relatively low pressure, and therefore a result of disparate contact regions spread widely across the foot. Non-negative matrix factorisation revealed low-dimensional spatial complexity that increased dur- ing interaction with unstable surfaces. Additionally, pressure patterns at the heel and metatarsals decomposed into separately located and robustly identifiable components, jointly capturing most variance in the signal. These results suggest optimal sen- sor placements to capture task-relevant spatial information and provide insight into how pressure varies spatially on the foot sole during a wide variety of natural behaviours. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.25.525474v1?rss=1 Authors: Hu, Y., Yu, Q. Abstract: Visual imagery, the ability to generate visual experience in the absence of direct external stimulation, allows for the construction of rich internal experience in our mental world. Most imagery studies to date have focused on cue-induced imagery, namely the to-be-imagined contents were triggered by external cues. It has remained unclear how internal experience derives volitionally in the absence of any external cues, and whether this kind of self-generated imagery relies on an analogous cortical network as cue-induced imagery. Here, leveraging a novel self-generated imagery paradigm, we systematically examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of self-generated imagery, by having participants volitionally imagining one of the orientations from a learned pool; and of cue-induced imagery, by having participants imagining line orientations based on associative cues acquired previously. Using electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in combination with multivariate encoding and decoding approaches, our results revealed largely overlapping neural signatures of cue-induced and self-generated imagery in both EEG and fMRI; yet, these neural signatures displayed substantially differential sensitivities to the two types of imagery: self-generated imagery was supported by an enhanced involvement of anterior cortex in generating and maintaining imagined contents, as evidenced by enhanced neural representations of orientations in sustained potentials in central channels in EEG, and in posterior frontal cortex in fMRI. By contrast, cue-induced imagery was supported by enhanced neural representations of orientations in alpha-band activity in posterior channels in EEG, and in early visual cortex in fMRI. These results jointly support a reverse cortical hierarchy in generating and maintaining imagery contents in self-generated versus externally-cued imagery. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.04.521821v1?rss=1 Authors: Currie, J., Manda, V., Hidalgo, V., Ludwig, R. W., Lam, M. P. Y., Lau, E. Abstract: The functions of proteins depend on their spatial and temporal distributions, which are not directly measured by static protein abundance. Under protein misfolding stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway remediates proteostasis in part by altering the turnover kinetics and spatial distribution of proteins, yet a global view of these spatiotemporal changes has yet to emerge and it is unknown how they affect different cellular compartments and pathways. Here we describe a mass spectrometry-based proteomics strategy and data analysis pipeline, named Simultaneous Proteome Localization and Turnover (SPLAT), to measure concurrently the changes in protein turnover and subcellular distribution in the same experiment. Investigating two common UPR models of thapsigargin and tunicamycin challenge, we find that the global suppression of protein synthesis during UPR is dependent on subcellular localization, with more severe slowdown in lysosome vs. endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein turnover. Most candidate translocation events affect pre-existing proteins and likely involve vesicular transport across endomembrane fractions including an expansion of an ER-derived vesicle (ERV) compartment containing RNA binding proteins and stress response proteins. In parallel, we observed specific translocations involving only newly synthesized protein pools that are indicative of endomembrane stalling. The translocation of a subclass of cell surface proteins to the endomembrane including EGFR and ITGAV upon UPR affects only heavy labeled proteins, which suggest their internalization is driven by nascent protein trafficking rather than ligand dependent endocytosis. The approach described here may be broadly useful for inferring the coordinations between spatial and temporal proteome regulations in normal and stressed cells. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.03.518999v1?rss=1 Authors: Serrano-Pozo, A., Li, Z., Woodbury, M. E., Munoz-Castro, C., Wachter, A., Jayakumar, R., Bryant, A. G., Noori, A., Welikovitch, L. A., Hu, M., Liao, F., Lin, G., Pastika, T., Tamm, J., Abdourahman, A., Kwon, T., Bennett, R. E., Talanian, R. V., Biber, K., Karran, E. H., Hyman, B. T., Das, S. Abstract: Astrocytes play a critical role in brain homeostasis and normal functions but their changes along the spatiotemporal progression of Alzheimers disease (AD) neuropathology remain largely unknown. Here we performed single-nucleus RNA-sequencing on brain regions along the stereotypical progression of AD pathology from donors ranging the entire normal aging-AD continuum comprising 628,943 astrocyte nuclei from 32 donors across 5 brain regions. We discovered temporal gene-expression-trajectories with gene sets differentially activated at various disease stages. Surprisingly, a gene set enriched in proteostasis and energy metabolism, was upregulated in late-stage but unexpectedly returned to baseline levels in end-stage, suggesting exhaustion of response in "burnt-out" astrocytes. The spatial gene-expression-trajectories revealed that astrocytic genes of tripartite synapses are dysregulated in parallel to the stereotypical progression of tangle pathology across regions. We identified astrocyte heterogeneity across brain regions with a continuum from homeostatic to reactive cells through "intermediate" transitional states. These findings suggest complex astrocytic dysfunction in AD neurodegeneration. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.02.518809v1?rss=1 Authors: Clusella, P., Deco, G., Kringelbach, M. L., Ruffini, G., Garcia-Ojalvo, J. Abstract: Spatiotemporal oscillations underlie all cognitive brain functions. Large-scale brain models, constrained by neuroimaging data, aim to trace the principles underlying such macroscopic neural activity from the intricate and multi-scale structure of the brain. Despite substantial progress in the field, many aspects about the mechanisms behind the onset of spatiotemporal neural dynamics are still unknown. In this work we establish a simple framework for the emergence of complex brain dynamics, including high-dimensional chaos and travelling waves. The model consists of a complex network of 90 brain regions, whose structural connectivity is obtained from tractography data. The activity of each brain area is governed by a Jansen neural mass model and we normalize the total input received by each node so it amounts the same across all brain areas. This assumption allows for the existence of an homogeneous invariant manifold, i.e., a set of different stationary and oscillatory states in which all nodes behave identically. Stability analysis of these homogeneous solutions unveils a transverse instability of the synchronized state, which gives rise to different types of spatiotemporal dynamics, such as chaotic alpha activity. Additionally, we illustrate the ubiquity of this route towards complex spatiotemporal activity in a network of next-generation neural mass models. Altogehter, our results unveil the bifurcation landscape that underlies the emergence of function from structure in the brain. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.30.518507v1?rss=1 Authors: Kristensen, S. S., Jorntell, H. Abstract: To understand how sensory events are represented in and perceived by the brain, one must understand how varying internal brain states affect neuronal decoding of sensory input. Recent studies indicate global state changes in the brain impact the representation of haptic events in neurons of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). It could be argued that the manipulations used so far to alter the cortical circuitry behavior were artificial and not reflective of normal information processing in the neocortex. In the present study we therefore wanted to explore if natural visual stimulation also could impact the interpretation of given tactile input patterns. We recorded the unitary extracellular responses to a set of spatiotemporal tactile input patterns presented either alone or together with simultaneously multicolor flashing lights from a large number of neurons in parallel in the rat primary somatosensory cortex (S1). We found that the visual input, mildly but consistently altered the temporal spike outputs to tactile input patterns in S1 neurons. We argue that the visual input change the global cortical state to an extent that it affects the cortical representation of haptic events even within the S1 and that this is an indication that the cortical network in its information processing may be far more reliant on globally distributed network dynamics than traditionally thought. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.24.517789v1?rss=1 Authors: Volpert, V., Xu, B., Tchechmedjiev, A., Harispe, S., Aksenov, A., Mesnildrey, Q., Beuter, A. Abstract: We present an analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the oscillations in the electric potential that arises from neural activity. Depending on the frequency and phase of oscillations, these dynamics can be characterized as standing waves or as out-of-phase and modulated waves, which represent a combination of standing and moving waves. We characterize these dynamics as optical flow patterns, in terms of sources, sinks, spirals and saddles. Analytical and numerical solutions are compared with real EEG data acquired during a picture-naming task. Analytical approximation of standing waves allows us to establish some properties of pattern location and number. Namely, sources and sinks have mainly the same location, while saddles are located between them. The number of saddles correlates with the sum of all the other patterns. These properties are confirmed in both the simulated and real EEG data. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.17.516709v1?rss=1 Authors: Eom, M., Han, S., Kim, G., Cho, E.-S., Sim, J., Park, P., Lee, K.-H., Kim, S., Rozsa, M., Svoboda, K., Choi, M., Kim, C.-H., Cohen, A., Chang, J.-B., Yoon, Y.-G. Abstract: Here we report SUPPORT (Statistically Unbiased Prediction utilizing sPatiOtempoRal information in imaging daTa), a self-supervised learning method for removing Poisson-Gaussian noise in voltage imaging data. SUPPORT is based on the insight that a pixel value in voltage imaging data is highly dependent on its spatially neighboring pixels in the same time frame, even when its temporally adjacent frames do not provide useful information for statistical prediction. Such spatiotemporal dependency is captured and utilized to accurately denoise voltage imaging data in which the existence of the action potential in a time frame cannot be inferred by the information in other frames. Through simulation and experiments, we show that SUPPORT enables precise denoising of voltage imaging data while preserving the underlying dynamics in the scene. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.16.516836v1?rss=1 Authors: Kazemivash, B., VanErp, T. G., Kochunov, P., Calhoun, V. Abstract: Schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder with serious symptoms including delusions, disorganized speech, and hallucinations that can have a long-term detrimental impact on different aspects of a patient's life. It is still unclear what the main cause of schizophrenia is, but a combination of altered brain connectivity and structure may play a role. Neuroimaging data has been useful in characterizing schizophrenia, but there has been very little work focused on voxel-wise changes in multiple brain networks over time, despite evidence that functional networks exhibit complex spatiotemporal changes over time within individual subjects. Recent studies have primarily focused on static (average) features of functional data or on temporal variations between fixed networks; however, such approaches are not able to capture multiple overlapping networks which change at the voxel level. In this work, we employ a deep residual convolutional neural network (CNN) model to extract 53 different spatiotemporal networks each of which captures dynamism within various domains including subcortical, cerebellar, visual, sensori-motor, auditory, cognitive control, and default mode. We apply this approach to study spatiotemporal brain dynamism at the voxel level within multiple functional networks extracted from a large functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) dataset of individuals with schizophrenia (N=708) and controls (N=510). Our analysis reveals widespread group level differences across multiple networks and spatiotemporal features including voxel-wise variability, magnitude, and temporal functional network connectivity in widespread regions expected to be impacted by the disorder. We compare with typical average spatial amplitude and show highly structured and neuroanatomically relevant results are missed if one does not consider the voxel-wise spatial dynamics. Importantly, our approach can summarize static, temporal dynamic, spatial dynamic, and spatiotemporal dynamics features, thus proving a powerful approach to unify and compare these various perspectives. In sum, we show the proposed approach highlights the importance of accounting for both temporal and spatial dynamism in whole brain neuroimaging data generally, shows a high-level of sensitivity to schizophrenia highlighting global but spatially unique dynamics showing group differences, and may be especially important in studies focused on the development of brain-based biomarkers. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.17.516923v1?rss=1 Authors: Wu, Y.-h., Podvalny, E., He, B. J. Abstract: While there is a wealth of knowledge about core object recognition--our ability to recognize clear, high-contrast object images, how the brain accomplishes object recognition tasks under increased uncertainty remains poorly understood. We investigated the spatiotemporal neural dynamics underlying object recognition under increased uncertainty by combining MEG and 7 Tesla fMRI in humans during a threshold-level object recognition task. We observed an early, parallel rise of recognition-related signals across ventral visual and frontoparietal regions that preceded the emergence of category-related information. Recognition-related signals in ventral visual regions were best explained by a two-state representational format whereby brain activity bifurcated for recognized and unrecognized images. By contrast, recognition-related signals in frontoparietal regions exhibited a reduced representational space for recognized images, yet with sharper category information. These results provide a spatiotemporally resolved view of neural activity supporting object recognition under uncertainty, revealing a pattern distinct from that underlying core object recognition. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

https://psychiatry.dev/wp-content/uploads/speaker/post-10683.mp3?cb=1667714042.mp3 Playback speed: 0.8x 1x 1.3x 1.6x 2x Download: Spatiotemporal Psychopathology – An integrated brain-mind approach and catatonia – Georg Northoff et al. Schizophrenia Research. 2022. Catatonia is featured by complexFull EntrySpatiotemporal Psychopathology – An integrated brain-mind approach and catatonia –

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.28.514255v1?rss=1 Authors: Chioccioli, M., Magruder, S., McDonough, J. E., Nouws, J., Gonzalez, D., Borriello, L., Traub, B., Ye, X., Hendry, C. E., Entenberg, D., Kaminski, N., Krishnaswamy, S., Sauler, M. Abstract: Tissue repair requires a highly coordinated cellular response to ensure the correct balance of replacement cells to lost cells. In the lung, alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells act as stem cells and can replace both themselves and alveolar type 1 cells (AT1); however, the complex orchestration of AT2 stem cell activity following lung injury is poorly understood owing to the inability to track individual stem cells and their dynamic behavior over time. Here, we apply live time lapse imaging to ex vivo mouse precision cut lung slice (PCLS) culture and in vivo mouse lung to track individual GFP-labeled AT2 cells for 72h following intra-tracheal administration of bleomycin. We observe highly dynamic movement of AT2 cells, including migration within and between alveoli, as well as the emergence of at least three distinct morphokinetic AT2 cell states. Small molecule-based inhibition of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway significantly reduced motility of AT2 stem cells following injury and reduced expression of Krt8, a known marker of intermediate progenitor cells. Together, our results uncover motility of alveolar stem cells as a new injury response mechanism in the lung and uncover properties of stem cell motility at high cellular resolution. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.24.513491v1?rss=1 Authors: Wilson, S., Pietsch, M., Cordero-Grande, L., Christiaens, D., Uus, A., Karolis, V. R., Kyriakopoulou, V., Colford, K., Price, A., Hutter, J., Rutherford, M., Hughes, E., Counsell, S., Tournier, J.-D., Hajnal, J. V., Edwards, D., O'Muicheartaigh, J., Arichi, T. Abstract: The development of connectivity between the thalamus and maturing cortex is a fundamental process in the second half of human gestation, establishing the neural circuits that are the basis for several important brain functions. In this study, we acquired high-resolution in utero diffusion MRI from 140 fetuses as part of the Developing Human Connectome Project, to examine the emergence of thalamocortical white matter over the second to third trimester. We delineate developing thalamocortical pathways and parcellate the fetal thalamus according to its cortical connectivity using diffusion tractography. We then quantify microstructural tissue components along the tracts in the fetal compartments that are critical substrates for white matter maturation, such as the subplate and intermediate zone. We identify patterns of change in the diffusion metrics that reflect critical neurobiological transitions occurring in the second to third trimester, such as the disassembly of radial glial scaffolding and the lamination of the cortical plate. These maturational trajectories of MR signal in transient fetal compartments provide a normative reference to complement histological knowledge, facilitating future studies to establish how developmental disruptions in these regions contribute to pathophysiology. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Find Dr. Ravindra's and Dr. Ervin's paper here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2021.09.003 If you would like to get in touch with the show our email is: clinicalneuroasktheexperts@gmail.com Links to the Internal Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology Social MediaTwitter - https://twitter.com/ClinicalNeuroph/Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/ClinicalNeurophysiology/Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/clinicalneuroph/Linkedin -https://www.linkedin.com/in/ClinicalNeurophysiology/detail/recent-activity/

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.19.512860v1?rss=1 Authors: Malagon, G., Myeong, J., Klyachko, V. Abstract: Asynchronous release is a ubiquitous form of neurotransmitter release that persists for tens to hundreds of milliseconds after an action potential (AP). How asynchronous release is organized and regulated at the synaptic active zone (AZ) remains debatable. Using nanoscale-precision imaging of individual release events in rat hippocampal synapses, we observed two spatially distinct subpopulations of asynchronous events, ~75% of which occurred inside the AZ and with a bias towards the AZ center, while ~25% occurred outside of the functionally defined AZ, i.e., ectopically. The two subpopulations also differed markedly in temporal properties, with ectopic events occurring at significantly longer time intervals from synchronous events. Both forms of asynchronous release did not, to a large extent, utilize the same release sites as synchronous events. Both asynchronous event subpopulations also differ from synchronous events in some aspects of exo-endocytosis coupling. Specifically, for synchronous but not asynchronous events, coupling with the fast calcium-dependent endocytosis had a gradient decreasing from the AZ center towards its periphery. These results identify two distinct subpopulations of asynchronous release events with distinctive spatiotemporal organization and coupling to endocytic mechanisms. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Dlaczego nie możemy sami się połaskotać i co nauka w ogóle wie o smyraniu i łaskotaniu? Co sprawia, że w pewnym amerykańskim miasteczku koty stały się lubianą kolacją wśród kojotów? W sobotnim odcinku podkastu Naukowo opowiem też o ofiarach z dzieci prekolumbijskiej cywilizacji oraz o tym co stało się, gdy wprowadzono pieniądze do społeczności, która pieniędzy nie znała. Zapraszam!Jeśli uznasz, że warto wspierać ten projekt to zapraszam do serwisu Patronite, każda dobrowolna wpłata od słuchaczy pozwoli mi na rozwój i doskonalenie tego podkastu, bardzo dziękuję za każde wsparcie!Zapraszam również na Facebooka, Twittera i Instagrama, każdy lajk i udostępnienie pomoże w szerszym dotarciu do słuchaczy, a to jest teraz moim głównym celem :) Na stronie Naukowo.net znajdziesz więcej interesujących artykułów naukowych, zachęcam również do dyskusji na tematy naukowe, dzieleniu się wiedzą i nowościami z naukowego świata na naszym serwerze Discord - https://discord.gg/mqsjM5THXrŹródła użyte przy tworzeniu odcinka:Proelss Sandra, Ishiyama Shimpei, Maier Eduard, Schultze-Kraft Matthias and Brecht Michael 2022The human tickle response and mechanisms of self-tickle suppressionPhil. Trans. R. Soc. B3772021018520210185, http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0185Davenport RN, Weaver M, Weiss KCB, Strauss EG. 2022. Spatiotemporal relationships of coyotes and free-ranging domestic cats as indicators of conflict in Culver City, California. PeerJ 10:e14169 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14169Owen Jarus, "76 child sacrifice victims with their hearts ripped out found in Peru excavation", https://www.livescience.com/child-sacrifices-chimu-people-peruPolly Wiessner, Cindy Hsin-yee Huang, "A 44-y perspective on the influence of cash on Ju/‘hoansi Bushman networks of sharing and gifting", https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2213214119Paul Gabrielsen, University of Utah, "A 44-year perspective study: How money brings hunter-gatherers new choices", https://phys.org/news/2022-10-year-perspective-money-hunter-gatherers-choices.html

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.07.511269v1?rss=1 Authors: Wang, Z., Li, Z., Luan, T., Cui, G., Shu, S., Liang, Y., Zhang, K., Yu, W., Cui, J., Li, A., Peng, G., Fang, Y. Abstract: The spinal cord is an assembly of spatially organized multicomponent cells that coordinates the transmission of motor, sensory and autonomic nerve functions. Although complex pathological and cellular alterations in spinal cord injury (SCI) have been documented, the spatiotemporal architecture of the molecular events that drive the injury progression remains poorly understood. Here, we conducted a spatially resolved transcriptomic profiling of gene expression in a mouse model of SCI, which demonstrated the comprehensive gene co-expression networks and transcriptional programs underlying the anatomic disorganization induced by SCI. Further, with integration of the single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets, we delineated the exquisite orchestration of multicellular transcriptional programs and in situ cell-cell interactions following SCI, and discerned regional diversity of astrocyte populations in intact and injured spinal tissues. The spatial molecular features endow the cell types with new biological significance, showcased by the identification of a distinct, SCI-induced population of astrocytes that exhibit functional heterogeneity in promoting both beneficial neuro/synapto-supportive and deleterious pro-inflammatory programs. Together, our dataset and analysis provide a rich resource and a spatiotemporal molecular atlas that potentially disentangle the cell organization in mammalian SCI and advance the injury management. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by PaperPlayer

How do motor synergies develop when we learning to catch a ball? How is this development shaped by the constraints imposed on the performer such as the information available during practice, the actions catching is nested within like postural control, and disorders like DCD ?   Articles: One more time about motor (and non‑motor) synergies Manipulating Visual Informational Constraints during Practice Enhances the Acquisition of Catching Skill in Children Inter-joint coupling and joint angle synergies of human catching movements Spatiotemporal characteristics of muscle patterns for ball catching Effects of Postural Constraints on Children's Catching Behavior Adaptations to Task Constraints in Catching by Boys with DCD Effects of a developmental task constraints intervention on kinematic synergies during two-hand catching in children with developmental delays More information: http://perceptionaction.com/ My Research Gate Page (pdfs of my articles) My ASU Web page Podcast Facebook page (videos, pics, etc)   Subscribe in iOS/Apple Subscribe in Anroid/Google   Support the podcast and receive bonus content   Credits: The Flamin' Groovies – ShakeSome Action Mark Lanegan - Saint Louis Elegy via freemusicarchive.org and jamendo.com

Today's guest on the pod is Baruch Barzel (1).Baruch has a wikipedia page (2), which summarizes his work very nicely. It says that he's known for his work in the research of complex and stochastic systems, specifically on stochastic moment equations and universality in network dynamics.Then it says: “Also a public lecturer in Israel, and presents a weekly corner on Jewish thought in Israel National Radio.” And you'll hear it when we talk! He's a born communicator, a great interview.I would say that Baruch studies how network structure and dynamics impact one another. The he wants to predict how signals spread along network pathways. That he wants to uncover the network components that contribute to the system's stability and resilience, to detectthe nodes and links that enable information to flow throughout the system. But, of course, his ultimate goal is to systematically use complex network data to understand, predict and control the observed behavior of the system he cares about.We talk about all that in the paper that I've been too lazy to read: “Spatiotemporal signal propagation in complex networks” (3), we might even spill over into  “Reviving a failed network through microscopic interventions” (4).References(1) https://www.barzellab.com(2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruch_Barzel(3) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-018-0409-0(4) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-021-01474-yCreditsThe podcast has theme music by Waylon Thornton (and a little bit by me as well). WT's songs are "American Heart" and "Seven". Via freemusicarchive.org and licenced under CC BY-NC-SA. The podcast was funded in part by the Villum Foundation.

In this episode, we highlight one of the winners of our poster awards at CSM 2022. Jason Longhurst talks to Katy McGraw about his research on gait characteristics in people with PD. His research looks at data from people without freezing, people with freezing on initiation, and people with non-initiation-type freezing. He discusses the role of gait variability in clinical presentation and expands on how this research might inform PT intervention and make interventions more specific to patients with different presentations in the future.  The Degenerative Disease Special Interest Group is part of the Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy – www.neuropt.org  Guest information:  Jason Longhurst Ph.D., PT, DPT, NCS  Assistant Professor St. Louis University  Related Articles   Ziegler K, Schroeteler F, Ceballos-Baumann AO, Fietzek UM. A new rating instrument to assess festination and freezing gait in Parkinsonian patients. Mov Disord. 2010 Jun 15;25(8):1012-8. doi: 10.1002/mds.22993. PMID: 20310009. 

Welcome back to Neurotech Pub!This episode is part two of a two part series on optical methods for recording and stimulating neural activity. Our guests on this episode are Elizabeth Hillman, PhD,  Mark Schnitzer, PhD, and Jacob Robinson, PhD. Last time we talked about optical recording methods, but in this episode we focus on optical stimulation methods. Cheers!Check out video and full transcript here: https://www.paradromics.com/podcast/episode-12-mind-control-with-lasers00:00 | Intro1:37 | Aspirational Papers1:56 | Packer Lab 2:10 | What is the claustrum?2:30 | Ian's paper (but only part of it!)3:02 | Two-Photon Bidirectional Control and Imaging In Vivo3:29 | Inferring Spikes from Calcium Imaging5:45 | Neuropixels are now in humans7:12 | Paper by Pachitariu et al 7:55 | Ian Oldenburg10:02 | Kaufman Lab11:21 | Cortical activity in the null space: permitting preparation without movement12:08 | Motor cortical dynamics shaped by multiple distinct subspaces during naturalistic behavior12:33 | Tickling Cells with Light14:41 | Light-activated ion channels for remote control of neuronal firing14:50 | Remote Control of Behavior through Genetically Targeted Photostimulation of Neurons15:20 | Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity16:03 | Red-shifted Opsins16:52 | eNpHR: a Natronomonas halorhodopsin enhanced for optogenetic applications17:26 | Genetically Targeted Optical Control of an Endogenous G Protein-Coupled Receptor18:16 | Neural Dust18:41 | Wireless magnetothermal deep brain stimulation19:05 | Neural Stimulation Through Ultrasound19:20 | Methods and Modalities: Sculpting Light21:35 | Recent advances in patterned photostimulation for optogenetics22:50 | Two-photon microscopy is now over 30 years old (Denk 1990)25:22 | Optical Recording State of the Art27:06 | Challenges of Deep Tissue 2-Photon Imaging28:21 | Deisseroth Lab28:29 | Temporal Precision of Optical Stimulation29:09 | Simultaneous all-optical manipulation and recording 30:40 | Targeted Ablation in Somatosensory Cortex 33:29 | Commercially Available Fast Opsins34:41 | Recent paper from Deisseroth Lab41:17 | Cortical layer–specific critical dynamics triggering perception42:21 | The Utah Array from Blackrock Neurotech44:52 | Principles of Corticocortical Communication50:43 | The Cost of Cortical Computation51:27 | Behaviour-dependent recruitment of long-range projection neurons in somatosensory cortex (2013) | Spatiotemporal convergence and divergence in the rat S1 "barrel" cortex (1987) | Diverse tuning underlies sparse activity in layer 2/3 vibrissal cortex of awake mice (2019) 52:56 | Gollisch and Meister 200853:22 | Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP)1:05:09 | Neurotech Pub Episode 11 -  Let There Be Light1:05:20 | Forecasting the Future1:05:41 | Temporally precise single-cell-resolution optogenetics1:06:16 | Large Scale Ca++ Recordings from Vaziri Lab1:07:11 | Cohen Lab1:07:19 | All Optical Electrophysiology 1:14:19 | Emiliani et al 20151:16:33 | All-Optical Interrogation of Neural Circuits1:16:53 | Mice Strains @ Jackson Lab1:17:00 | The Allen Institute1:20:39 | Neuroscience and Engineering Collaborations1:18:39 | Nicolas Pegard1:18:47 | Adesnik Lab1:24:41 | Shenoy, Sahani, and Churchland 20131:24:52 | Dimensionality reduction for large-scale neural recordings1:25:17 | Matlab: Understanding Kalman Filters1:25:58 | Two-photon excitation microscopy1:26:37 | Emiliani Lab Holography course1:26:57 | Optics by Eugene Hecht1:28:05 | Intro to Optics Course1:29:41 | What the Heck Is a Claustrum?1:33:53 | Cortical activity in the null space: permitting preparation without movement1:34:33 | Neural Manifolds and Learning1:35:19 | Locked-in Syndrome1:36:58 | Sabatini Lab1:37:07 | Probing and regulating dysfunctional circuits using DBS1:39:36 | Sliman Bensmaia | Nicho Hatsopoulos1:39:43 | The science and engineering behind sensitized brain-controlled bionic hands1:41:20 | Michael Long's singing rodents1:42:12 | Engram1:43:06 | Chang Lab1:43:19 | Tim Gardner | Michale FeeWant more? Follow Paradromics & Neurotech Pub on Twitter  Follow Matt A, Ian, Adam, & Matt K on Twitter

Note: This conversation was recorded June 25, 2021. Martin Kuldorff | Spatiotemporal Models of Outbreaks Martin Kuldorff (Harvard Medical School) talks about the integration of biological & demographic information (and general reality) in the spatiotemporal models used to detect disease outbreaks. He also discusses how these methods can be applied to non-infectious diseases like cancer. 0:00 - Spatio-temporal modeling of outbreaks 6:02 - Important features of spatio-temporal outbreak models 12:20 - Which diseases wouldn't you track for modeling? 19:02 - Multiple comparison adjustments of alarms 25:15 - Domain knowledge of outbreak features 29:30 Competing hazards & risks  34:30 Comparing hemispheres 37:00 - Bridging the gap for infectious diseases to cancer 45:10 - Retrospective data correction / changing monitoring  57:00 - Competing risks & statistics 1:01:30 - Deducing risks & affects through knowledge of immunological mechanisms 1:09:00 - Future scientific convos #datascience #science