POPULARITY
Categories
Figuring out if your multiple sclerosis is changing from the relapsing remitting to the secondary progressive stage can be murky. Signs of progression are discussed like slower walking and worsening memory. The underlying reasons for progression are revealed including nervous system injury, remyelination failure, chronic inflammation and aging. Practical ways to improve progressive symptoms are shared. Successful trials for disease-modifying therapy for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) are highlighted. Tolebrutinib, under expedited review by the FDA, has been shown to slow down progression in SPMS patients by targeting cells in the central nervous system causing chronic inflammation. Introducing our new co-host Jamie Holloman MD from The MS Center for Innovations in Care! Dr. Holloman completed in neurology residency at Washington University, followed by a 3-year fellowship at the Cleveland Clinic. He interviews: Christopher Laganke MD, Founder of the Joanne P. LaGanke MS Center, Cullman, Alabama Barry Singer MD, Director of The MS Center for Innovations in Care, Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St. Louis
Formado en Estudiantes de Paraná, llegó rápidamente a Los Pumas y fue uno de los puntos altos en el Mundial 2003, pero su corazón dijo basta antes del histórico 2007. A partir de allí, supo reconvertirse y tranformarse en una pieza clave para el rugby argentino fuera del campo de juego. ¡Conozcan la historia de Martín Gaitán!
In this insightful episode, host Parm Padgett sits down with Dr. Alice Nieuwboer, a leading expert in Parkinson's rehabilitation, to unpack the complex and frustrating phenomenon of freezing of gait (FOG). From the role of dopamine loss and neural "overload" to the influence of stress, motor challenges, and cognitive demands, Dr. Nieuwboer explains what we know about the factors influencing FOG. She also shares the latest research on freezing subtypes, how medication impacts symptoms, and why defining FOG remains a moving target. Full of clinical pearls and research updates, this conversation offers fresh hope and practical strategies for therapists and clinicians navigating the challenges treating people with FOG. Show notes available: https://app.box.com/s/gcyeiq1xk326ltqxj6zgemlfqtkgoooa The Degenerative Diseases Special Interest Group is part of the Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy – www.neuroPT.org For questions about this podcast, please contact neuroddsig@gmail.com.
In this guest episode John and Chris welcome back Dr. Jen Perez from Gait Happens. They discuss the importance of foot health in athletic performance, the impact of footwear on foot function, common foot problems faced by athletes, and the significance of proper foot care and strength training. The conversation also delves into the causes of bunions and the importance of preventative care to avoid surgery. Dr. Perez also discusses various aspects of foot health, including the importance of muscle strength in foot function, the connection between ankle sprains and foot pain, and the relationship between pelvic floor health and foot function. Chapters00:00 Introduction to the Starting Block Podcast02:30 Welcoming Dr. Jen Perez Back03:18 Gate Happens: Mission and New Products05:15 Foot Health Education for All Practitioners06:04 The Impact of Foot Function on Overall Health08:35 Footwear and Its Effects on Athletic Performance11:10 Strategies for Foot Health and Recovery13:29 Introducing the Foot Health Kit16:33 Assessing Toe Strength and Function19:34 Common Foot Problems in Athletes21:06 Understanding Bunions and Their Causes28:57 Improving Foot Function and Aesthetics30:52 The Importance of Muscle Strength in Foot Health33:40 The Connection Between Ankle Sprains and Foot Pain36:04 Pelvic Floor and Foot Health40:26 Orthotics: When to Use and When to Avoid45:25 Rehabilitation and Return to Sport52:31 Foot Health Practices for Athletes**John, Chris and many of the show's guests are NOT licensed healthcare providers & make NO claims to be. The information provided in this show is not intended to be medical advice & should not be misconstrued as such. You assume all risk & liability by implementing any of the information shared on this show. You should seek the opinions of a qualified healthcare provider in your state/country before using any of the information provided in this show*
Podcast Show Notes: Scoliosis Treatment with Dr. Tony Nalda Episode Title: What is Rotoscoliosis? Understanding Rotation in Scoliosis Episode Summary: Many patients diagnosed with scoliosis are told they have rotoscoliosis, but what does that really mean? In this episode of Scoliosis Treatment with Dr. Tony Nalda, we break down the three-dimensional nature of scoliosis, how rotation impacts the spine, and why some cases have more severe twisting than others. Dr. Nalda also discusses the challenges of measuring spinal rotation, common symptoms of rotoscoliosis, and the best treatment strategies to address all three dimensions of the condition—bending, translation, and rotation—for the best long-term outcomes. Key Topics Covered: ✅ What is Rotoscoliosis? – A type of scoliosis where spinal rotation is more pronounced. ✅ Understanding the Three-Dimensional Nature of Scoliosis: Bending (Sideways Curve) – The most commonly recognized scoliosis feature. Rotation (Twisting of the Spine) – Causes rib and posture asymmetries. Translation (Shifting of the Spine) – Further misaligns posture and gait. ✅ How Does Rotation Impact Scoliosis? Rotation almost always occurs into the concavity of the curve. The larger the curve, the greater the degree of rotation in most cases. More rotation = more complexity in treatment and posture correction. ✅ Why Rotation is Difficult to Measure: Unlike Cobb angle (which measures curve severity), rotation is difficult to quantify accurately. Current assessments rely on visual evaluation rather than precise measurements. ✅ Symptoms of Rotoscoliosis: Uneven hips, shoulders, rib arches, and waist. Clothes not fitting properly due to asymmetrical body structure. Gait and coordination changes caused by spinal misalignment. ✅ Best Treatment Approach for Rotoscoliosis: Comprehensive, 3D-focused scoliosis care that addresses bending, translation, and rotation. Specialized therapy, traction, exercises, and bracing to reduce spinal misalignment. Why focusing only on curve reduction without addressing rotation can lead to instability in long-term correction. Key Takeaways: ➡️ Rotoscoliosis is simply scoliosis with a higher degree of rotation—making treatment more complex but manageable.➡️ Rotation often develops first, before the curve, making early detection crucial.➡️ Scoliosis treatment must address all three dimensions of the condition to achieve lasting correction.➡️ At Scoliosis Reduction Center, we offer specialized programs designed to correct bending, translation, and rotation for the best possible results. Resources & Links:
Learn more about Brodie's Research Database & AI Assistant
Do you ever wonder what your pets get up to when you're not home, plus Gurdeep shares his irrational Playoff superstition ...AND... Pooja tells you why spreadsheets could save your relationship.
See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Fanny Medina es la primera andaluza que ejerció la medicina. Es importante ese detalle porque no es la primera andaluza que estudió esa carrera, pero sí la primera que ejerció. Por eso es interesante pasear por su vida y contar las dificultades que encontró. Esta es la historia de Fanny Medina. Artículo del episodio: https://www.diariosur.es/sur-historia/fanny-medina-primera-20200824194327-nt.html Otros capítulos relacionados: Pepita Durán: https://www.diariosur.es/podcast/memoria-sur/episodio-pepita-duran-saga-familiar-acabo-cine-20230313113311-aud.html Elena León Gaitán: https://www.diariosur.es/podcast/memoria-sur/episodio-elena-leon-gaitan-marenga-arrojaba-mar-20230313110219-aud.html
Thank you for tuning in for another episode of Life's Best Medicine. Cheryl Erpelding is the Horsemanship Director at Bethany's Gait Ranch—a non profit ranch that pairs rescue horses with active duty, veterans, first responders, and their families to help both heal and grow. Cheryl has years of experience in horsemanship, riding, training, teaching, and showing. Before leaving California in 2023, she was a wrangler and volunteer at the Saddles in Service non-profit that helped veterans, first responders, and others with PTSD. She helped them learn how to work with horses and taught them how to ride. She continues to work with military/first responders at Bethany's Gait in the same fashion. In this episode, Dr. Brian and Cheryl talk about… (00:00) Intro (04:43) What Bethany's Gait Ranch is and how Cheryl got involved with them (05:44) Why being and working with horses can help veterans struggling with PTSD (12:34) How horses are able to sense humans' emotional states (14:16) Success stories of veterans who have improved their PTSD and quality of life at Bethany's Gait (17:32) Some interesting facts about horses that non-horse-people probably don't know (21:14) Family events and activities at Bethany's Gait Ranch (22:06) Fundraiser events coming up at Bethany's Gait (24:26) How veterans can get in touch with Bethany's Gait (25:57) Other services and resources offered by Bethany's Gait (27:13) Outro For more information, please see the links below. Thank you for listening! Links: Resources Mentioned in this Episode: Cheryl Erpelding: Bethany's Gait FB: https://www.facebook.com/BethanysGaitR Bethany's Gait Website: https://bethanysgait.org Bethany's Gait Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/bethanysgaitr/ Dr. Brian Lenzkes: Arizona Metabolic Health: https://arizonametabolichealth.com/ Low Carb MD Podcast: https://www.lowcarbmd.com/ HLTH Code: HLTH Code Promo Code: METHEALTH • • HLTH Code Website: https://gethlth.com
Walk This Way: How Humanoid Gait Can Be Designed to Walk More Like Humans by Marwa ElDiwiny
La invitada en el episodio #302 del podcast Máximo Desempeño es Natalia Gaitán, conocida como "La Capi", quien nos comparte su extraordinario recorrido desde vencer la leucemia a los 5 años hasta convertirse en capitana de la Selección Colombia y referente del fútbol femenino. Descubre cómo transformó cada desafío en fortaleza, defendiendo la equidad en el deporte y manteniendo su lema "El genio se compone con el 2% de talento y 98% de perseverante aplicación". Además, Pablo nos regala una poderosa reflexión titulada "Jugar Para Ganar: El Arte de la Ambición Consciente", donde explora la diferencia entre quienes actúan desde el miedo y quienes se lanzan con intención clara de conquistar sus metas. Un episodio sobre resiliencia, liderazgo auténtico y la mentalidad necesaria para convertir los sueños en realidad. En tu vida ahora mismo, ¿estás jugando para no perder, o estás jugando para ganar?
In this podcast, Tom Novacheck, Steven Koop discuss their book Gait Problems in Cerebral Palsy: Identification, Patient Goals, and Surgical Treatment. Gait Problems in Cerebral Palsy focuses on the surgical care and postoperative rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy as they grow through early and late childhood, and adolescence. It is available now at bit.ly/gaitproblemsincerebralpalsy. 00:05 Introduction 00:31 Why was this book written? 02:29 How is the book structured? 05:37 How is this book different? 08:06 Conclusion 09:44 Thank you Follow DMCN on Podbean for more: https://dmcn.podbean.com/ ___ Watch DMCN Podcasts on YouTube: https://bit.ly/2ONCYiC __ DMCN Journal: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (DMCN) has defined the field of paediatric neurology and childhood-onset neurodisability for over 60 years. DMCN disseminates the latest clinical research results globally to enhance the care and improve the lives of disabled children and their families. DMCN Journal - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14698749 ___ Find us on Twitter! @mackeithpress - https://twitter.com/mackeithpress
El veterano de Malvinas, Jorge Gaitán pasó por el aire de Radio 5 para hablar sobre la lucha a nivel nacional que lleva adelante la Confederación, en defensa de los derechos de todos los ex combatientes.
En este episodio
It is difficult to believe that in the over 100 episodes of the Parkinson's Experience, we have not talked extensively about gait and balance. Gait and balance is something a lot of us Parkies face at some point in our journey. This symptom can be very scary and life limiting and, therefore, important. Why does this happen and what can we do? I spoke with a researcher in this space, Dr. Dan Peterson, who has a lab and studies people with movement disorders and making some progress on finding some help. The discussion is next. Stay tuned. Resources: FOG tricks & hacks paper : https://www.neurology.org/doi/10.1212/WNL.0000000000201159 Mancini article about gait: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41531-025-00897-1 Nice presentation by Bas Bloem (leading expert in PD, on the benefits of exercise generally for PD): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6d0J81VomY https://gaitandbalancelab.asu.edu/ https://www.dbsandme.com/en.html
Kā funkcionēja tiesu sistēma totalitārā režīmā un ko ar šo padomju mantojumu izdarīja 90. gados? Viens no aizvadītā gada Latvijas Zinātņu akadēmijas atzītajiem pētījumiem ir profesores Daigas Rezevskas tiesību teorija. Skaidrojam, kāda bija tiesiskuma loma vēsturē un kāda tā ir mūsdienās demokrātiskā sabiedrībā. Stāsta Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskā fakultātes profesore, tiesību zinātnes doktore Daiga Rezevska. Saruna ar pētnieci izskanēja arī raidījumā Labrīt. Liecības par mantošanas vēsturi Latvijā Mantošanas tiesības gadsimtu gaitā, no vienas puses, mainījušās pamatīgi, bet, no otras puses, tās saglabājušas visai nemainīgu kodolu. Lai kādi laiki būtu, nemainīgas palikušas arī ar mantojumu saistītās ķildas. Kādas ir senākās liecības par mantošanas vēsturi Latvijā, ko varēja mantot sievietes un vai arī jaunākie bērni varēja kļūt par mantiniekiem? Mantošanas vēstures pēdas varam samanīt jau antīkās pasaules laikos - grieķu un romiešu kultūrā -, un šie pamati saglabājušies līdz mūsu dienām. Šoreiz skatu vēršam tieši uz Baltijas tiesību telpu, tātad arī Latviju, un skaidrojam mantošanas tiesību pirmsākumus mūsu teritorijā. Kādi avoti sniedz liecības par mantošanas kārtību sākotnēji un pārmaiņām laika gaitā? Stāsta Latvijas Universitātes Juridiskās fakultātes profesors Jānis Lazdiņš. Profesors vispirms ieskicē to, kas zināms par rakstītajām jeb pozitīvajām tiesībām. Fakts, ka mantojuma saraksta augšgalā parasti ir vecākais dēls, ir diezgan nostiprinājies priekšstats. Tāpēc Jānim Lazdiņam vaicāju, vai arī jaunākais bērns varēja izvirzīties priekšplānā un būt pirmais mantinieks. Profesors norāda, ka liela nozīme tam, par kuru laika posmu runājam. Ja skatāmies pēc pozitīvajām tiesībām no baltu un līvu zemes vai zemnieku tiesībām, tad tur netiek izdalīts ne vecākais, ne jaunākais bērns. Skandalozas prāvas tieši par mantošanas tiesībām Baltijā īsti nav zināmas. Skaidrs ir tas - kur mantošana, tur notiek strīdi neatkarīgi no kārtas un mantojuma apjoma. Varbūt, ja mūsu zemē būtu valdījuši karaļi un hercogi, tad mantojumu skandāli mums būtu labāk zināmi. Raidījuma ievadā savā grāmatu plauktā ļauj ielūkoties ģeoloģes doktore Latvijas Universitātes muzeja Ģeoloģijas kolekcijas eksperte Vija Hodireva. Viņa atklāj, ka daudz iegūst ne tikai no zinātniskām publikācijām, bet arī no populārzinātniskām, un iepazīstina ar emeritētā profesora Ojāra Āboltiņa grāmatu “Tā bija, atgadījās, notika… Ģeologa dzīves atsegums” "Tā ir atmiņu grāmata. Tā ir vēsture ģeoloģijai, vēsture laikam jau no 50. gadiem pagājušajā gadsimtā, kur viņš savās izjūtas un emocijās par savu dzīvi stāstot, parāda šo posmu no sava skatupunkta," atzīst Vija Hodireva.
En 10AM de Caracol Radio estuvieron Ignacio Gaitán, presidente ejecutivo de AFIDRO, y Gloria Guzmán, abogada especializada en atención en salud, quienes hablaron sobre la realidad de la escasez de medicamentos en Colombia
In this episode, Parm interviews Lisa Inglis, the winner of the DDSIG poster award at CSM 2025 in Houston. Lisa, a PT and professor at Daemen college, explains her research related to measuring backward walking and comparing backward walking characteristics of people with and without Parkinson's Disease (PD). She goes on to discuss potential uses of backward gait assessment in PT practice. The Degenerative Diseases Special Interest Group is part of the Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy – www.neuroPT.org Show notes available here
In this Healthy, Wealthy, and Smart Podcast episode, host Dr. Karen Litzy welcomes Patrick Tarnowski, PT, MBA, a physical therapist and chief commercial officer at One Step, to discuss the gait analysis. Gait analysis is the study of how we walk, a crucial area of focus for physical therapists, especially regarding aging and overall health. Pat shares his extensive background in healthcare, spanning over two decades, and describes his journey from patient care to leading innovations in gait analysis and patient outcomes. Listeners will gain insights into the importance of gait analysis, how it changes with age, and what it means for improving health and mobility. Please tune in to learn more about this vital aspect of physical therapy and its impact on patient care. Time Stamps: [00:01:51] Gait analysis and biomechanics. [00:07:28] Gait analysis essentials. [00:08:35] Observational gait analysis effectiveness. [00:12:38] Correlating patient goals with analysis. [00:18:01] Functional assessment in treatment plans. [00:22:39] Patient confidence and gait analysis. [00:24:56] Gait speed as vital sign. [00:31:15] Gait analysis using smartphones. [00:34:40] Monitoring patients in real world. [00:38:45] Importance of mobility in health. More About Patrick Tarnowski, PT, MBA: As Chief Commercial Officer at OneStep, Pat is accountable for the company's US market entry through strategic provider partnerships. His deep healthcare experience as a leader in health plans, health systems, medical devices, startups and digital care delivery support and enable OneStep's growth and scale. As an entrepreneur, Pat has successfully launched and scaled care delivery companies, digital solutions that focused on health and wellbeing, disease management and virtual care and worked with providers to achieve success in value-based payment models. He received his degree in physical therapy from Boston University and his master's in business administration from the University of St. Thomas. A lifelong learner, Pat has also held several academic appointments and is a grant reviewer for the National Science Foundation's SBIR seed fund and served as an Industry Mentor for their I-Corp Innovation program. He has been the principal investigator in numerous clinical studies and is the Vice President of Professional Practice of the Minnesota Chapter of the American Physical Therapy Association's and the Minnesota Cancer Alliance Steering Committee. Pat lives in Minneapolis with his family, dog Maizey and is a committed outdoors enthusiast and endurance athlete. Resources from this Episode: One Step Website Pat on LinkedIn Jane Sponsorship Information: Book a one-on-one demo here Front Desk @ Jane Mention the code LITZY1MO for a free month Follow Dr. Karen Litzy on Social Media: Karen's Twitter Karen's Instagram Karen's LinkedIn Subscribe to Healthy, Wealthy & Smart: YouTube Website Apple Podcast Spotify SoundCloud Stitcher iHeart Radio
Episode 331 of the Football Fitness Federation Podcast is with Professor at St Etienne University JB Morin We discussed: ▫️Sprint Mechanics ▫️Structuring 30min Speed sessions ▫️Gait Retraining ▫️Resisted Sprinting & much more! You can follow JB on Instagram @jb.morin.1 Keep up to date with the amazing work our sponsors are doing here: Hawkin Dynamics - https://www.hawkindynamics.com Good Prep - https://thegoodprep.com Discover the power of nutrition at WWW.THEGOODPREP.COM and use code FFF15 for 15% off your first order Bridge Athletic - www.bridgeathletic.com Hytro - hytro.com Maximise your athletic potential with Hytro BFR. Easier, safer and more practical BFR for squads to prepare for and recover from exercise than ever before. Click the link [[ https://bit.ly/3ILVsbU ]] to speak to our Pro Sports team about how to get Hytro BFR at your club. Metrics - www.wearemetrics.co.uk Join our online community & get access to the very best Football Fitness content as well as the ability to connect with Sport Scientists and Strength & Conditioning coaches from around the world. To get FULL access to all of these & even more like this, sign up to a FREE month on our online community at the link below. www.footballfitfed.com/forum/index.aspx Keep up to date with everything that is going on at Football Fitness Federation at the following links: Twitter - @FootballFitFed Instagram - @FootballFitFed Website - www.footballfitfed.com
#Commanders fans, grab your popcorn (or whatever you sneak into the stadium, we won't judge), because this episode is loaded! Jon Allen trade rumors are heating up—should Washington cash in or hold tight? We break it all down, including what kind of haul the Commanders could get. Spoiler: probably not an actual offensive line.Meanwhile, in news NO ONE had on their bingo card, former Redskins CB Scott Turner is now the HUD Secretary—because if you can cover receivers, you can definitely cover… housing policy? Sure.
Gait analysis is an essential skill for physical therapists—especially when evaluating patients with radiculopathies, post-surgical deficits, or neurological impairments. In this episode of PT Snacks Podcast, we break down the phases of gait, from stance to swing, and explore how myotomal weakness can lead to key gait deviations.Learn how knee buckling, Trendelenburg gait, foot drop, and other compensations can signal underlying neurological deficits. We'll also discuss how gait deviations can present in post-op patients recovering from disc herniation surgery, and why understanding these patterns is critical for both orthopedic and neuro PTs.If you're looking to refine your observational skills and improve patient outcomes, this episode is packed with clinical insights to help you master gait analysis.Support the showWhy PT Snacks Podcast?This podcast is your go-to for bite-sized, practical info designed for busy, overwhelmed Physical Therapists and students who want to build confidence in their foundational knowledge without sacrificing life's other priorities. Stay Connected! Never miss an episode—hit follow now! Got questions? Email me at ptsnackspodcast@gmail.com or leave feedback HERE. On Instagram? Find unique content at @dr.kasey.hankins! Need CEUs Fast?Time and resources short? MedBridge has you covered: Get over $100 off a subscription with code PTSNACKSPODCAST: MedBridge Students: Save 75% with code PTSNACKSPODCASTSTUDENT—a full year of unlimited access for less!(These are affiliate links, but I only recommend MedBridge because it's genuinely valuable.) Want to Support the Show?Help me keep creating free content by: Sharing the podcast with someone who'd benefit. Contributing directly via the link below (optional, but deeply appreciated). Thanks for tuning in—your support makes this...
En Caracol Radio estuvo María Gaitán, nieta de Jorge Eliécer Gaitán y actual directora del Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica.
Grace Shaw, aka Mallrat joins us on the pod this week for a chat about how to chose the right cover, our shared love of a vocal synth, being the support for the upcoming Kylie Minogue tour, where her desire to sing came from, the unexpected direction for her next album, and what's up with her cat, Barb.Shout outs @lilmallrat, and cheers to the legends at @younghenrys for sponsoring the pod!FREE PALESTINEWatch videos of the pods and get weekly bonus episodes on our Patreon — it's only 5 bucks a month, but it's still 5 bucks!:https://patreon.com/whatagreatpunkJoin us all in the TNSW Discord community chat:https://tnsw.co/discordWatch our Comedy Central mockumentary series and TNSW Tonight! on YouTube:https://youtube.com/thesenewsouthwhalesTNSW on Spotify:https://open.spotify.com/artist/0srVTNI2U8J7vytCTprEk4?si=e9ibyNpiT2SDegTnJV_6Qg&dl_branch=1TNSW: @thesenewsouthwhalessJamie: @mossylovesyouTodd: @mrtoddandrews https://patreon.com/whatagreatpunkhttps://thesenewsouthwhales.comShout-outs to the Honorary Punks of the Pod:Harry WalkomHugh FlassmanZac Arden BrimsClaireJimi KendallLachy TanDerrotonin69Adjoa SamMatt Sanders
Episode 5-504 – Gait Happens with Dr. CourtneyHello my running friends. Welcome to episode 5-504 of the RunRunLive podcast. This is a race week episode. I am writing this Intro 5 days out from the Mesa Marathon. As you are listening to this I may be out on the course!In today's episode we have a great chat with Dr. Courtney Conley from Gait Happens. We have a great conversation about running gait and foot health. She really knows her stuff and you can tell she's passionate about helping people stay on the roads. I see in my notes that they gave me a coupon code RunRunLive10 – not sure what that gets you but you can look up GaitHappens.com and see what services interest you. So, yeah, I'm racing this week. It's been a good training cycle. I learned a lot. And I'll talk about that in Section One. In section two I'm going to give thoughts on a personal power seminar I sat through this week. Because it's kinda bugging me. ...Buy a book -> https://booklocker.com/books/13731.htmlWebsite -> http://www.oldmanapocalypse.com Buy me Coffee -> https://www.buymeacoffee.com/cyktrussellSubscribe page on Acast -> https://plus.acast.com/s/after-the-apocalypsePodcast on Acast -> https://shows.acast.com/after-the-apocalypseFacebook group -> https://www.facebook.com/groups/oldmanapocalypseYouTube -> https://www.youtube.com/@cyktrussellPatreon to support the show -> https://www.patreon.com/AftertheApocalypseMerch Store -> https://www.teepublic.com/stores/after-the-apocalypse Twitter -> cyktrussell@twitter.comRunRunLiveWebsite -> https://www.runrunlive.comPodcast on Acast -> https://shows.acast.com/runrunlive Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Episode 211 NPTEFF Gait Step Length Alterations
Si quieres que te acompañe a desarrollar tu Marca Personal de éxito, apúntate ya a nuestro Máster de Marca Personal:
This episode Kate and Nancy discuss a scoping review of 46 research papers on the effects of horseshoe type on equine gait. Open Access Research Reference/Link: Aoun, R., Takawira, C., & Lopez, M. J. (2025). Horseshoe effects on equine gait-A systematic scoping review. Veterinary surgery : VS, 54(1), 31–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.14162
Dr. Chan joins the podcast to discuss the results of their pilot study with Dr. Eduardo De Pablo-Fernández. The study uses a foot vibrotactile stimulation as an external cue for the treatment of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. Together they discuss how vibrotactile devices can be implemented in clinical practice. Read the article.
Florian Dobler and Nathalie Alexander from the Laboratory for Gait Analysis in St. Gallen, Switzerland, join the show to discuss their recent research on the impact of obesity on femur development. The conversation spans several of their gait-related studies on lower extremity rotation and the effects of femoral and tibial osteotomies. Your hosts are Carter Clement from Children's Hospital of New Orleans and Tyler McDonald from University of South Alabama. Music by A. A. Aalto. References: 1) Body Mass Index is Related to Femoral Anteversion, Hip Rotation During Gait, and Passive Hip Range of Motion in Children and Adolescents. Dobler et al. JPO, Oct 2024. PMID: 39482988. 2) Effect of femoral derotational osteotomy in patients with idiopathic increased femoral anteversion on joint loading and muscular demands. Alexander et al. JCO, Aug 2024. PMID: 39391579. 3) Compensatory gait deviations in patients with increased outward tibial torsion pre and post tibial derotation osteotomy. Alexander et al. Gait & Posture, 2020. PMID: 31981934. 4) Does pathologically increased or decreased tibial torsion affect muscle activations during walking in typically developing adolescents? Alexander et al. Journal of Biomechanics, 2021. PMID: 34509912.
Narek reports progressive gait difficulties, including frequent tripping and reduced foot clearance during swing phase. Which examination is MOST appropriate to evaluate the primary cause of his impairments? A) Neurological assessment of the deep common peroneal nerve B) Assessment of proprioception in the lower extremities C) Passive motion of the ankle into plantarflexion D) Skin assessment on the bottom of the heel Join the FREE Facebook Group: www.nptegroup.com
In this episode of the Crackin' Backs podcast, we are honored to host Dr. Courtney Conley, a renowned expert in foot and gait mechanics. As the founder of Gait Happens, Dr. Conley has dedicated over 25 years to helping individuals reclaim optimal foot function. She holds a Doctorate in Chiropractic Medicine and dual Bachelor's degrees in Kinesiology and Human Biology. Her extensive clinical experience includes working with professional athletes from teams such as the Phoenix Suns, New York Yankees, Cleveland Browns, New York Giants, and San Francisco 49ers.In this insightful conversation, Dr. Conley delves into the critical role of foot health in overall well-being and longevity. She discusses how various footwear choices can significantly alter gait biomechanics, potentially leading to musculoskeletal issues. With the plethora of footwear options available today—from minimalist shoes to highly cushioned models—Dr. Conley offers guidance on selecting footwear that promotes optimal gait and musculoskeletal health.The discussion also explores historical changes in footwear design and their influence on modern foot ailments, providing lessons from past practices to inform current choices. Dr. Conley shares her expertise on identifying suitable running shoes amidst ever-changing information and addresses the prevalence of Achilles injuries, particularly in relation to cleats and ballet shoes, which can be detrimental to foot mechanics.Additionally, Dr. Conley examines the practices of taping ankles and feet, known as spatting, and offers practical advice on strengthening exercises for the feet and ankles that listeners can implement immediately. She provides her perspective on the growing trend of barefoot walking, weighing its potential benefits against the risks of injuries and infections. Drawing from various cultural practices, she offers insights into optimal foot function and health.The conversation also touches on the use of toe spacers as a tool for addressing foot alignment issues. Dr. Conley evaluates their effectiveness and discusses whether they are a valuable tool or merely a passing trend.For more information on Dr. Courtney Conley and her work, visit Gait Happens. To schedule a consultation or learn more about her clinical practice, contact Total Health Solutions in Lakewood, Colorado.Tune in to this episode to gain a comprehensive understanding of foot health and its profound impact on your overall well-being.We are two sports chiropractors, seeking knowledge from some of the best resources in the world of health. From our perspective, health is more than just “Crackin Backs” but a deep dive into physical, mental, and nutritional well-being philosophies. Join us as we talk to some of the greatest minds and discover some of the most incredible gems you can use to maintain a higher level of health. Crackin Backs Podcast
We love a mailbag episode, where we get to answer your questions! Nathan, Matt, and David field listener questions about everything from walking in carbon-plated shoes, the impact of different styles of shoes on knee pain, to cutting holes in the uppers of shoes (you'll never guess what Matt used to do to shoes). We want to hear from you! DM us on Instagram or email us at doctorsofrunning@gmail.com. Check out our friends at Skratch and save 25% on your first order with code DOCTORSOFRUNNING! Get your DOR Merch: https://doctors-of-running.myspreadshop.com/ Chapters 0:00 - Intro 3:00 - The use of carbon plated shoes for walking 9:16 - The impact of rockers, cushioning, and heel drop on the knee 18:00 - Should we ever modify the uppers of our shoes? 29:20 - Cushioned, orthotic-friendly trail shoes for long races 40:36 - How do stability shoes impact gait mechanics? 49:22 - Wrap-up
Quadriceps Strength Does Not Associate with Gait Adaptation Ability in Individuals with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Evans-Pickett A, Franz JR, Padua DA, et al. J Athl Train. Published Ahead of Print. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-0266.24 Due to copyright laws, unless the article is open source we cannot legally post the PDF on the website for the world to download at will. Brought to you by our sponsors at: CSMi – https://www.humacnorm.com/ptinquest Learn more about/Buy Erik/Jason/Chris's courses – The Science PT Support us on the Patreons! Music for PT Inquest: “The Science of Selling Yourself Short” by Less Than Jake Used by Permission Other Music by Kevin MacLeod – incompetech.com: MidRoll Promo – Mining by Moonlight Koal Challenge – Sam Roux
Discover how Barrett's Method integrates the body and mind, the transformative power of healing through movement, and how gait analysis can reveal deep insights about our physical and mental states. We'll delve into the mind's role in overall well-being, the profound connection between mental health and physical practices, and the importance of understanding oneself to unlock true potential.From the art of breathwork to specialized training for hands, neck, and feet, this episode is a holistic journey through injury prevention and movement beyond the ordinary. Whether you're a wellness enthusiast or curious about the mind-body connection, this episode is packed with inspiration and actionable insights.We hope you enjoy!Keep up with me (socials)https://www.instagram.com/beyond.terrain/https://linktr.ee/beyondterrainOur vision at Beyond Terrain is best supported by sharing our work!To go above and beyond:BCH: bitcoincash:qq7eq276ylanluc5e39unrqshkvs9xsemg07yxezf7ETH: beyondterrain.ethBTC: bc1qqwc470ktgj3l4myqxr5hq67rnlqys0qm98u6f0Learn more from and support our esteemed guest, Mr. Barrett Smithhttps://www.instagram.com/movementcoachbarrett/?hl=en
Do you work with any clients who have trouble clearing their foot in swing phase of gait? If you said yes, this episode is for you! Dr. Tyler Susko, the founder and CTO of Cadense, Inc. is here to share the fascinating origin story behind Cadense's flagship product - the world's first variable friction shoes. The concept stemmed from Dr. Susko's PhD research at MIT, where he developed the "MIT Skywalker" - a robotic system that allowed patients to walk by dropping the floor during the swing phase. A comment from a research participant led Dr. Susko to create a passive, material-based shoe design that can dynamically adjust its coefficient of friction. Through extensive prototyping and user testing, the Cadense shoes have shown promising results for patients with a variety of neurological conditions, including stroke, cerebral palsy, Parkinson's and multiple sclerosis. The shoes help facilitate foot clearance and improve gait symmetry and rhythmicity. If you want to see these for yourself and try them out Cadense offers a free pair to clinicians who sign up for the Cadense Coaches program. The program provides free shoes and support to clinicians interested in incorporating the technology into their practice. He also shares exciting plans for future research and development, including projects on AFO-compatible shoes and variable friction on different sides of the shoe. Learn more about Cadense and the Cadense Coaching Program at https://cadense.com Follow them on IG @cadenseadaptive
You were never meant to walk around in shoes. In fact, they're actually causing your blood to aggrigate and decreasing your cellular oxygenation... you heard that right. Shoes prevent you from earthing/grounding, which causes a build of of pH in your body, which causes blood cells to stick together, decreasing their oxygen carrying capacity. On top of that, there's a load of bone, joint and muscular problems created by wearing shoes. But since barefoot is a no go, here's what you can do instead. This is Episode 7 of our 14 part Eudemonia Miniseries. Eudemonia is a brand new health and wellness event, hositng some of the biggest names and brightest minds in the world, to share what's new and exciting in the health, wellness and longevity space. TOPICS DISCUSSED IN THIS EPISODE: The history of shoes What your shoes are really doing to your body Root causes of your aches and pains Why barefoot is best Barefoot shoe options More from Galahad Clark and Vivo Barefoot Shoes Instagram (personal): @galahadclark Instagram Vivo Barefoot: @vivobarefoot Website: vivobarefoot.com Need help with your gut? Visit my website gutsolution.ca to join a program: Get help now Contact us: reversablepod.com/tips Leave us a Review: https://www.reversablepod.com/review SOCIAL MEDIA: Instagram Facebook YouTube
“Gait retraining has always been a significant part of the injury rehab space I've been involved in as a kinesiologist and osteopath. You can do great manual work on the table and get things moving the way you want, but if you return to the same patterns that caused the problem in the first place, those changes won't last long.” Jordan Collison, head cross-country coach at the University of Windsor, joins Brad Miles in this episode to share his insights on the transformative impact of gait retraining. Did you know it can reduce injuries by 62%? Jordan breaks down how addressing movement patterns, like overstriding, can make athletes more efficient and resilient. This episode highlights how tools like Lever play a role in balancing recovery and performance. From easing athletes back into running after injuries to improving training consistency, Jordan explains how this approach keeps athletes healthy and performing at their best. With a blend of science, experience, and practical advice, this episode challenges you to think: How often do we overlook the fundamentals in our pursuit of progress? Jordan's perspective offers fresh ideas for runners, coaches, and anyone seeking to optimize their performance. Quotes “Gait retraining has always been a significant part of the injury rehab space I've been involved in as a kinesiologist and osteopath. You can do great manual work on the table and get things moving the way you want, but if you return to the same patterns that caused the problem in the first place, those changes won't last long.” (11:40 | Jordan Collison) “This ties back to gait retraining. One of the biggest issues I see is overstriding—where the foot extends out in front of the knee and center of mass. It's like applying the brakes with every step, resembling more of a walking gait than a running one. We work to shift people back to a running pattern, almost like a marching motion, where the foot lands beneath the knee, creating a more vertical shin angle. This positions them optimally to be ready to hit the ground efficiently.” (16:20 | Jordan Collison) “I often ask people how they run faster, and a common response I get is, ‘I try to take a longer stride.' A lot of people believe that simply reaching for a longer stride will help, but the truth is that a longer stride should come from putting more power into the ground, allowing you to travel further without reaching for it. That's one of the key differences we focus on in gait analysis.” (17:49 | Jordan Collison) “A common exercise I recommend is stiff ankle hops. The goal is not to have a lot of flexibility or a ‘pogo' bounce in the ankle, but to keep the ankle stiff and minimize time spent on the ground. This exercise is especially important for masters athletes. After 30, the ability to maintain ankle stiffness becomes the biggest difference between a 20-year-old and a 40-year-old. Staying on top of exercises like this helps prevent the loss of ankle stiffness, which is one of the first things to deteriorate with age.” (21:14 | Jordan Collison) Links Connect with Jordan Collison: https://www.instagram.com/windsorlancerxc/ https://www.instagram.com/jordan_collison/ https://www.instagram.com/levermovement/ https://www.instagram.com/bradmiles/ https://levermovement.com/ Podcast production and show notes provided by HiveCast.fm
Gary Ward is a highly sought after individual in the world of movement, injury prevention and performance development. Creator of the Flow Motion Model, author of What the Foot and having worked with professional athletes in the Premier League, there isn't much Gary doesn't know when it comes to human movement. He educates professionals in the Anatomy in Motion ('AIM') Method both live and online and provide self help guidance for people in pain and discomfort to take ownership of their own body. This episode is packed full of so much insight, knowledge and will challenge your exisiting way of how thinking about how you move your body and how you think about healing from injury and chronic pain. In this episode we cover: How Gary's AIM method will help you bring your own body into alignment and create an environment to heal. How your prior injuries can cause your current pain and discomfort. Gary's Flow Motion Model, which sees the body as an interconnected system where everything works in harmony. How an abnormal GAIT cycle can be the root cause for your pain including chronic hip, back, hamstrings and more. The root cause(s) of bunions and why surgery and toe separators won't address or fix the underlying issue. Helpful links and resources: Website Facebook Instagram https://findingcentre.co.uk/ Use code livingwell-10 for 10% off one of Gary's Wake your body up courses Find out about Gary's Wake your body up series More info on Gary's AIM course here Get Gary's book What the Foot --------------------------------------------------------- Thanks to our amazing Sponsor, Vivarays Are you looking for a way to improve your sleep and boost your energy during the day? Meet Vivarays' Circadian Light Harmonizing Glasses! Unlike regular blue light blockers, these glasses are engineered with a deep understanding of light and its impact on your body. Designed by leading sleep experts, Vivarays helps keep your circadian rhythm in sync with nature, improving your hormonal balance, sleep quality, energy levels and productivity. Head over to https://vivarays.com/livingwell to check out their amazing glasses and use promo code ARTOFLIVINGWELL during checkout to save 10%. --------------------------------------------------------- Vitality Reboot Program - January 5-18th Revitalize Your Life in Just 14 Days! This program is designed to leave you feeling refreshed, energized, and ready to embrace the New Year becoming your strongest, truest self! Join our fabulous community today; the first 10 people to sign up will receive our new fabulous moisture wicking baseball hat. Register here! --------------------------------------------------------- Need more protein and energy in your day? Check out these amazing, high quality products from Kion, especially their essential amino acids, creatine and protein powders, which we both use daily. Use code 'ARTOFLIVING' for a discount off your purchase. ----------------------------------------------------------- Ask us a question/make a recommentation We'd love to hear from you! Click here to share your feedback and suggestions. ----------------------------------------------------------- Sign-up for your 15 minute Health Transformation Audit - Click here. ----------------------------------------------------------- Let us help you get to the root cause of your unwanted symptoms. Schedule a 15 minute consultation to discuss at-home functional medicine lab testing here. ----------------------------------------------------------- How can you support our podcast? Apple users, please subscribe and review our show on Apple Podcasts,we make sure to read them all. Android users, please be sure to subscribe to our show on Google Podcasts so that you don't miss any of the action. Tell a friend about The Art of Living Well Podcast® and our community programs. Share your favorite episode on social media and don't forget to tag us @theartofliving_well. Subscribe to our Youtube channel Shop our Favorite Products: https://www.theartoflivingwell.us/products Connect with us on social media: IG: @theartofliving_well FB: theartoflivingwell Get on our list so you don't miss out on announcements, programs and events. You can download our guests' favorite reads here. Learn more about your hosts: Marnie Dachis Marmet Stephanie May Potter
Abrimos el primer grabófono con una triste noticia: se ha pospuesto el concierto de Isabel Pantoja y es al que iba Edgar Hita con la Dolo. Con Luismi Pérez hablamos de una posible nueva DANA y de lo que esto significa realmente. Repasamos la prensa generalista y la actualidad deportiva. Con Darío García descubrimos que 'resulta que' hay gente con 75 años que no se han enamorado nunca. Con Adriana Mourelos cerramos un grabófono cargado de consecuencias de la DANA, política, políticos y los 40 Music Awards.
MISES EN SCENE le mercredi et vendredi à 9h30 et 18h30. Chronique théâtrale animée par Sonia Jucquin ou Géraldine Elbaz qui traite de l'actualité des pièces de théâtre. Cette semaine, Géraldine nous parle de la pièce "Blanche-Neige et les 7 nains" au Théâtre de la Gaité Montparnasse. Après Ados, Le Bossu de Notre Dame, Chevaliers, Princesse et Dragons et Au Pays du Père Noël, Olivier Solivérès vous embarque dans le légendaire conte de Blanche Neige et les 7 nains. Vous retrouverez avec plaisir la douce Blanche Neige qui devra affronter sa méchante et déjantée belle mère. Heureusement les 7 nains, à la fois joyeux et espiègles, seront là pour l'accompagner dans cette grande aventure. Redécouvrez ce conte mythique, revisité dans une version musicale, poétique, pleine d'humour et avec, pour la première fois en France sur un spectacle pour enfants, des hologrammes et du mapping pour encore plus de féérie et de magie ! Renseignement : https://gaite.com/spectacles/blanche-neige-et-les-sept-nains/ © Théâtre de la Gaité-Montparnasse Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.
Join Dr. Kevin Christie in an exciting episode of Modern Chiropractic Mastery as he sits down with Dr. Courtney Conley, a renowned specialist in foot and ankle care and the force behind the popular Instagram profile, Gaithappens. Dr. Conley shares her incredible journey from her early days as a ballet dancer dealing with foot issues to becoming a transformative figure in the chiropractic community.In this episode, Dr. Conley discusses her appearance on the Peter Attia podcast and its impact on her practice and professional positioning. She delves into her passion for the foot and ankle, emphasizing the importance of specialization and mastery in chiropractic practice. Whether you're interested in foot and ankle care or looking to enhance your practice, Dr. Conley's insights are invaluable.Key topics include:· The journey from ballet dancer to foot and ankle specialist.· Building a niche practice and the importance of positioning in the community.· The significance of content marketing and ethical promotion in chiropractic.· Mastering foot and ankle assessment and treatment techniques.· The upcoming MPI Gait Seminar with Dr. Conley and other industry leaders.Dr. Conley's story is a testament to the power of dedication, specialization, and strategic marketing. This episode is a must-listen for chiropractors looking to elevate their practice and make a lasting impact in their community.
Jessica Lewis, PT, DPT, PCS, is on the show again for this two part discussion on pathological gait with Sara and Sheila. Jessica is one of the co-creators of PCS Advantage, currently working on her PhD, and works in a gait and motion analysis lab at a children's hospital in Ohio. If you have not listened to part 1 of our conversation, please go back and listen to Season 4 Episode 8. Today is part two, the continuation of our discussion on pathological gait in the pediatric population. “The Toe Walking Tool: A novel method for assessing idiopathic toe walking children” Gait Patterns Reference Photo 1 Gait Patterns Reference Photo 2 Check out PCS Advantage Primary resources can be found on our website Use code PUSHING PEDS for $150 off your Medbridge subscription! Check out our website, and subscribe for our subscription only episodes Follow us on Instagram This episode was brought to you by the Pivot Ball Change Network.
In today's episode of Backpacker Radio presented by The Trek, we are joined by Dr. Courtney Conley. Dr. Conley is an internationally renowned foot and gait specialist, founder and creator of Gait Happens, and chiropractic physician who specializes in foot and gait mechanics. We chat all things related to foot health related to long-distance backpacking, including what to look for in footwear and what characteristics to avoid, how to best prepare your feet for a successful hike, and preventing and treating common foot injuries- including unconventional exercises to help you accomplish this. In a nutshell, Dr. Conley is a foot wizard and you will learn a great deal about setting your feet up for success on trail. We wrap the show with backpacking items to ditch to lower your base weight, what vegetable we would be, the triple crown of things that are true, but we're not buying it, and a one-minute gear review of a trail runner that's been gaining a lot of traction in the world of thru-hiking. Gossamer Gear: Use code “SNUGGLEBUG” for 20% off shelters at gossamergear.com. Helinox: Use code “BACKPACKER20” for 20% off at helinox.com. Sambob: Use code “BACKPACKER15” for 15% off at sambob.biz. [divider] Interview with Dr. Courtney Conley Gait Happens Website (Backpacker Radio listeners get 10% off consults, classes, and products) Time stamps & Questions 00:04:20 - Reminders: Support us on Patreon, suggest a guest for PCT Days, and apply for the Trek's full time position! 00:07:35 - Introducing Dr. Conley 00:08:40 - How did you decide to specialize in gait? 00:10:25 - How do you analyze people walking? 00:12:41 - What's the easiest gait problem to spot in the wild? 00:13:30 - If you could change one thing about everyone to improve their feet, what would it be? 00:16:52 - Discussion about shoe cushioning 00:18:10 - Discussion about walking barefoot 00:20:00 - In what circumstances would you recommend more cushion? 00:21:40 - Discussion about wide toe boxes 00:22:33 - What other brands have shoes that include your recommendations? 00:23:43 - Discussion about heel-toe drop 00:25:00 - Should everyone be striving to use a zero drop shoe? 00:28:30 - Discussion about toe strength 00:29:30 - How should someone build foot strength in preparation for a thru-hike? 00:32:30 - Who are your primary patients? 00:33:55 - Are achilles tears becoming more common and how can they be prevented? 00:36:14 - Discussion about plyometrics 00:38:20 - Where does more traditional strength training fit into foot strength? 00:41:15 - What's your view on toe socks? 00:42:30 - What can someone do with their kids to ensure they have strong feet? 00:46:03 - Would you ever recommend hiking boots? 00:50:38 - What are the most common issues you work with in backpackers? 00:53:29 - Can it be harmful to power through without an orthotic? 00:54:53 - What workouts should people do to prevent plantar fasciitis? 00:57:37 - Once you notice plantar fasciitis, what should you do? 01:00:00 - How can people help their feet recover? 01:06:10 - Discussion about healing from ankle sprains 01:06:45 - Discussion about stress fractures 01:08:51 - Can a weak foot lead to knee or hip injuries? 01:14:50 - Discussion about optimal shoes for running 01:17:20 - What do you wear for running? 01:17:50 - Do you have recommendations for long distance hiking shoes? 01:19:45 - Do you have recommendations for general foot ache? 01:23:34 - Any other product recommendations? 01:24:30 - Anything else we should have asked you? 01:29:91 - Is it bad if your foot is flat or you have a collapsed arch? 01:31:41 - What's your recommended regimen for going from a 5 millimeter drop to a 0 drop? 01:33:00 - Do you work with patients remotely? 01:35:05 - Kumo Question: What is the cheesiest pickup line you've ever heard or used? Segments Trek Propaganda: Driftless Hiking Trail: New Funding Package Is Big Win for Minnesota Long Trail by Kelly Floro Peg Leg: 7 Gear Items I Ditched To Cut My Base Weight in Half by Peg Leg QOTD: If you were a vegetable, what vegetable would you be? Triple Crown of things that are true, but I'm not buying it One-Minute Gear Review Mail Bag 5 Star Review [divider] Check out our sound guy @my_boy_pauly/. Leave us a voicemail! Subscribe to this podcast on iTunes (and please leave us a review)! Find us on Spotify, Stitcher, and Google Play. Support us on Patreon to get bonus content. Advertise on Backpacker Radio Follow The Trek, Chaunce, Badger, and Trail Correspondents on Instagram. Follow Backpacker Radio, The Trek and Chaunce on YouTube. Follow Backpacker Radio on Tik Tok. Our theme song is Walking Slow by Animal Years. A super big thank you to our Chuck Norris Award winner(s) from Patreon: Alex and Misty with NavigatorsCrafting, Andrew, Austen McDaniel, Austin Ford, Brad & Blair Thirteen Adventures, Brent Stenberg, Bryan Alsop, Christopher Marshburn, Coach from Marion Outdoors, Dayne, Derek Koch, Eric Casper, Erik Hofmann, Gillian Daniels, Greg Knight, Greg McDaniel, Hailey Buckingham, Liz Seger, Patrick Cianciolo, Sawyer Products, SPAM, Timothy Hahn, Tracy ‘Trigger' Fawns A big thank you to our Cinnamon Connection Champions from Patreon: 12 Trees Farms, Bonnie Ackerman, David, Dcnerdlet, Emily Galusha, Jeanie, Jeanne Latshaw, Joann Menzer, Katharine Rudzitis, Keith Dobie Jr, Merle Watkins, Peter, and Ruth S.