Podcasts about Exercise physiology

AI is rapidly changing nearly every industry, and endurance coaching is no exception.In this episode, CTS Head Cycling Coach Adam Pulford explores where AI can genuinely help athletes improve, where it falls short, and why the future of coaching may be more collaborative than competitive.We discuss training data, prompting, bias, TrainingPeaks, Claude, ChatGPT, Vekta, Kristin Faulkner's use of AI, and the areas where experienced coaches still provide value that algorithms struggle to replicate.HOSTAdam Pulford has been a CTS Coach for nearly two decades and holds a B.S. in Exercise Physiology. He's participated in and coached hundreds of athletes for endurance events all around the world.​​Free Cycling Training Assessment: https://trainright.com/cycling-training-assessment-welcome/Interested in working with a coach? Schedule a free consult: https://trainright.com/coaching/cycling/Self-coached athlete? Check out our TrainRight Membership: https://trainright.com/membership/Find more free resources here: https://trainright.com/blog/Resources:Best-ever 20-minute power and 3 Pan-Am golds: Inside the AI tech Olympic Champion Kristen Faulkner built, and is testing on, herself | Cycling WeeklyStrava Launches MCP Connector, Allowing Athletes to Sync Training History to ClaudeVekta

Dr. Milica McDowell wants you to move and move well.  Dr. Milica is a Doctor of Physical Therapy, entrepreneur, educator, and USA Today national bestselling author who has spent more than two decades helping people move better, feel better, and live healthier lives. Dr. McDowell specializes in helping people build strength, mobility, resilience, and longevity and has worked with everyone from individuals recovering from injury and chronic pain to high performers seeking to optimize their health, performance and quality of life. Dr. McDowell holds degrees in Exercise Physiology, Health Promotion, Physical Therapy, and a Doctorate in Physical Therapy. She has served as a university faculty member, delivered more than 300 professional lectures across the country, developed medical education programs used worldwide, and founded multiple companies in healthcare, fitness, and sports performance. In 2023 she was recognized as one of the  Top 50 Women in Healthcare. And because that is not enough, she is currently getting her MBA at USC.  Her book, Walk: Rediscover the most natural way to boost your heath and longevity; one step at a time co-authored with renowned gait expert Dr. Courtney Conley, has quickly become a USA Today national bestseller and shines a bright light on one of the most powerful, and overlooked tools for improving health: walking. Ironically, in the UK the title is a bit different; Walk; Your Life Depends on It. Direct. I like it. Dr. Milica is as cool as they come and has a clear and singular goal of helping everyone live their best lives. When you think of doctors that you want to work with because of the way the care they give, the way they engage, their bedside manner and how they lead by example; you're thinking of Dr. Milica McDowell.  0:00 – “Introducing Milicia McDowell & Her Journey” 3:05 – Early Influences & Finding Her Passion 8:20 – Building a Career Around Health & Performance 14:10 – Lessons Learned From Working With Athletes 20:00 – Movement, Longevity & Staying Active for Life 26:15 – Common Mistakes People Make With Their Health 32:05 – The Mindset Behind Sustainable Success 38:10 – Overcoming Challenges & Adapting Through Change 44:20 – Coaching, Education & Empowering Others 50:15 – Advice for Improving Health at Any Age 56:30 – What's Next & Future Goals 1:02:10 – Final Reflections & Closing Thoughts

In this episode Coach Angie and Coach Abby answer questions about running marathons (and getting faster) after age 50, considerations for female runners in menopause and perimenopause, heart rate training, the Maffetone Method, ultra training and more! Thanks to everyone who sent in a question! Speak with a MTA Running Coaching about your goals! We are here to help you get to the next level. MetPro.co -get a complimentary assessment and consultation with a metobolic coach. Lagoon Sleep -With Lagoon pillows, you'll fall asleep faster because you're matched with the pillow that will be most comfortable for your sleep position and body type. Use the code “MTA” for 15% off your first purchase. Altra Running -Altra shoes are designed with the Altra Fit, with room for your toes for comfort, balance, and strength. Use code MTA10 for 10% off. And Stay Out There with Altra. IQBAR brain and body-boosting bars, hydration mixes, and mushroom coffees. Their Ultimate Sampler Pack includes all three! Get 20% off plus FREE shipping. Just text “MTA” to 64000. Coach Angie Spencer is a running coach and registered nurse who has finished 72 marathons (including 6 ultramarathons). She lives in central Pennsylvania with Trevor and their three sons. Coach Abby Omerza is the Head Coach at MTA and has a Master of Science in Exercise Physiology and Fitness Leadership. She's a Boston qualifier, ultra-runner, and triathlete who lives near Chicago, Illinois.

Spine specialist, Dr. Anna Jurik shares her experience treating the cervical spine with Cox Technic. Dr. Anna Jurik is a licensed Chiropractic Physician and a Registered and Licensed Dietitian/ Nutritionist. She is a graduate of National University of Health Sciences, where she earned her degrees in Chiropractic Medicine, a Masters in Advanced Clinical Practice and a certificate in Massage Therapy. She currently holds a position as a teaching clinician at the university and is ranked as a Professor. Her unique background has allowed her to take her teaching experiences outside of the standard classroom.  She has taught seminars, which has allowed her to educate her colleagues as well as personally expand her mindset and experiences. Dr. Jurik also holds degrees in Exercise Physiology and Dietetics, and has earned various certifications and trainings over the years in order to diversify her treatment options. These include Graston Deep Tissue Technique, Kinesio-taping, Webster Technique, Pediatrics & Prenatal care, Rehabilitation of the Spine, Craniosacral Therapy, Rehabilitation of the Spine, Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization, Acupuncture, Cox Technique and Chinese Medicine.  This unique background has allowed her to truly treat every patient holistically. It allows her to work with a patient and put together a natural and specific plan to achieve and help maintain the best health possible.  It has also allowed her to have a wide knowledge base that she is able to share with those she is educating. Resources: 630-629-9664 Clinic ajurik@nuhs.edu Episode 254 Dr. Anna Jurik - Compression Fractures Episode 130 Dr. Anna Jurik - National University of Health Sciences Find a Back Doctor The Cox 8 Table by Haven Medical

In this episode, hosts Chris and Mecca speak with Dr. Danny Longman and Dr. Colin Shaw about the mismatch between humans and modern built environments, exploring both the negative biological impacts of living in industrialized cities and the positive effects of spending time in nature. Dr Danny Longman graduated from the University of Cambridge with a BA (Hons) in Natural Sciences (2005–08), followed by an MPhil (2008–09) and PhD (2011–14) in Human Evolution. He remained at Cambridge as a Postdoctoral Researcher (2015–19) before joining Loughborough University as a Lecturer. He has since been promoted to Senior Lecturer. Outside of work, Danny is a keen sportsman with a passion for ultra-endurance sport, nature, and travel. Dr. Colin Shaw graduated from the University of Western Ontario (Canada) with a BA (Hons) in Anthropology and Kinesiology (2000) and an MSc in Exercise Physiology (2000-02), then moved to the University of Cambridge, where he obtained an MPhil (2003-04) and a PhD (2004–08) in Biological Anthropology. He was a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (2008-2009), Penn State (2010-2011), and the University of Cambridge (2011-2015). He is now a Senior Lecturer at the University of Zurich. ------------------------------ Find the paper discussed in this episode: Longman, D.P. and Shaw, C.N. (2026), Homo sapiens, industrialisation and the environmental mismatch hypothesis. Biol Rev, 101: 580-601. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.70094 ------------------------------ Contact the Sausage of Science Podcast and the Human Biology Association: Facebook: facebook.com/groups/humanbiologyassociation/, Website: humbio.org Chris Lynn, Co-Host, Website: cdlynn.people.ua.edu/, E-mail: cdlynn@ua.edu Mecca E. Howe, Co-Host, E-mail: howemecca@gmail.com, LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/mecca-howe/

Heat adaptation can improve performance, comfort, and recovery in hot conditions. But many athletes make the mistake of treating heat training as free fitness.In this episode, CTS Coach Adam Pulford breaks down the differences between active and passive heat training, how each method works, and why heat should be viewed as a training stressor in its own right.We discuss plasma volume expansion, sauna protocols, heated trainer rides, hydration, recovery considerations, and how to integrate heat adaptation without compromising the quality of your training.HOSTAdam Pulford has been a CTS Coach for nearly two decades and holds a B.S. in Exercise Physiology. He's participated in and coached hundreds of athletes for endurance events all around the world.​​Free Cycling Training Assessment: https://trainright.com/cycling-training-assessment-welcome/Interested in working with a coach? Schedule a free consult: https://trainright.com/coaching/cycling/Self-coached athlete? Check out our TrainRight Membership: https://trainright.com/membership/Find more free resources here: https://trainright.com/blog/Resources:Beat the Heat – a hot bath after exercise boosts performance in the heatExercise under heat stress: thermoregulation, hydration, performance implications, and mitigation strategies - PubMedActive vs. passive heat training: which is best?

If you are focusing on improving your FatMax in 2026, you're likely wasting time and money. Not only is fat a more expensive substrate to burn than carbohydrate (you get less energy for the same amount of oxygen by oxidising fat), but the Fatmax number you see in your lab report is mostly noise and very little signal.  In today's episode of That Triathlon Show I'll explain exactly why that is, but I'll also give you a tool to evaluate any test or measure that you might (or might not) want to be tracking, from Time Trials to VO2max, HRV and various biomarkers like ferritin and testosterone.  HIGHLIGHTS AND KEY TOPICS:  What is Fatmax and Maximal Rate of Fat Oxidation?  How reliable is Fatmax testing?  How to measure the noise of a test using the Coefficient of Variation (CV) How to calculate the Smallest Detectable Change (SDC) of any test or measure Why the SDC of Fatmax is the equivalent of you having to go from 300 to 384W for your 20-minute power to be able to say that this was real improvement and not just noise (!!)  CVs and CV ranges for common tests and measures used in triathlon, Ironman and other endurance sports, including Time Trials, Time To Exhaustion, VO2max, lactate and ventilatory thresholds, economy and gross efficiency, lactate concentration, Critical Power and W', HRV, ferritin, testosterone, TSH and more Why carbohydrate is a 7% more efficient energy substrate than fat, and why you should be oxidising carbs in your next Ironman.  DETAILED EPISODE SHOWNOTES:  We have detailed shownotes for all of our episodes. The shownotes are basically the podcast episode in written form, that you can read in 5-10 minutes. They are not transcriptions, but they are also not just surface-level overviews. They provide detailed insights and timestamps for each episode, and are great especially for later review, after you've already listened to an episode.  The shownotes for today's episode can be found at https://scientifictriathlon.com/tts700/ LINKS AND RESOURCES:  Full bibliography in the shownotes: https://scientifictriathlon.com/tts700/ WHAT SHOULD I LISTEN TO NEXT? If you enjoyed this episode, I think you'll love the following episodes, related to sports science and (the third episode listed) fat adaptation and performance.  The replication crisis in sports science with Joe Warne, PhD | EP#468 The Skeptic's Guide To Sports Science with Nicholas Tiller, PhD | EP#239 High carbohydrate, low carbohydrate, or periodised carbohydrate intake with Louise Burke, PhD | EP#236 You can find our full episode archives here, where you can filter for categories such as Triathlon Training, Racing, Science & Physiology, Swimming, Cycling, Running etc. You can also find separate archives for specific series of episodes I've done, specifically Q&A episodes, TTS Thursday episodes, and Beginner Tips episodes.  LEARN MORE ABOUT SCIENTIFIC TRIATHLON:  The Scientific Triathlon website is the home of That Triathlon Show and everything else that we do Contact us through our contact form or email me directly (note - email/contact form messages get responded to much more quickly than Instagram DMs) Subscribe to our Newsletter Follow us on Instagram Learn more about our coaching, training plans, and training camps. We have something to offer for everybody from beginners to professionals.  HOW CAN I SUPPORT THAT TRIATHLON SHOW (FOR FREE)?  I really appreciate you reading this and considering helping the show! If you love the show and want to support it to help ensure it sticks around, there are a few very simple things you can do, at no cost other than a minute of your time.  Subscribe to the podcast in your podcast app to automatically get all new episodes as they are released. Tell your friends, internet and social media friends, acquaintances and triathlon frenemies about the podcast. Word of mouth is the best way to grow the podcast by far!  Rate and review the podcast (ideally five stars of course!) in your podcast app of choice (Spotify and Apple Podcasts are the biggest and most important ones). Share episodes online and on social media. Share your favourite episodes in your Instagram stories, start a discussion about interesting episodes on forums, reference them in your blog or Substack.  SPONSORS: Precision Fuel & Hydration produce our favourite gels, sports drinks, and electrolyte and carbohydrate products here at That Triathlon Show and Scientific Triathlon. Use the free Fuel & Hydration Planner to get a personalised plan for your carbohydrate, sodium and fluid intake in your next event, and get 15% off your first 2026 order by using the code TTS2026 at checkout. Rouvy is hands down the most complete indoor cycling platform for triathletes. Among their thousands of beautiful bike courses from all around the world, all filmed in stunning quality, they have over 75 IRONMAN and IRONMAN 70.3 race courses plus 20+ Challenge Family courses, so you can pre-ride your race from home. Real gradients, real visuals, and real feel! Head to rouvy.com and use the code TTS to get your first month free on top of a 7-day free trial. Effortless Swimming produce the best swim goggles for triathletes and open water swimmers. Their NanoClear anti-fog lenses give you clear, fog-free vision that lasts and doesn't wear off. Don't let foggy or leaky goggles ruin another swim. Go to shop.effortlessswimming.com and use the code TTS15 to get 15% off your goggles, and get a free two-month Effortless Swimming course membership.LEARN MORE ABOUT SCIENTIFIC TRIATHLON: The Scientific Triathlon website is the home of That Triathlon Show and everything else that we doContact us through our contact form or email me directly (note - email/contact form messages get responded to much more quickly than Instagram DMs)Subscribe to our NewsletterFollow us on InstagramLearn more about our coaching, training plans, and training camps. We have something to offer for everybody from beginners to professionals. HOW CAN I SUPPORT THAT TRIATHLON SHOW (FOR FREE)? I really appreciate you reading this and considering helping the show! If you love the show and want to support it to help ensure it sticks around, there are a few very simple things you can do, at no cost other than a minute of your time. Subscribe to the podcast in your podcast app to automatically get all new episodes as they are released.Tell your friends, internet and social media friends, acquaintances and triathlon frenemies about the podcast. Word of mouth is the best way to grow the podcast by far! Rate and review the podcast (ideally five stars of course!) in your podcast app of choice (Spotify and Apple Podcasts are the biggest and most important ones).Share episodes online and on social media. Share your favourite episodes in your Instagram stories, start a discussion about interesting episodes on forums, reference them in your blog or Substack. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. 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For so many women, the word "metabolism" has become tied to frustration, body shame, and the feeling that something must be wrong with them. You try to eat less, move more, push harder, and still feel like your body is not responding the way you hoped it would. Metabolism gets talked about constantly, but almost never explained correctly. But what if your body is not fighting against you at all, and has actually been trying to protect you this entire time? In this episode, we are joined by Dr. Alyssa Olenick. She holds a PhD in Exercise Physiology, is a certified sports nutritionist, and a CrossFit Level 2 Trainer whose entire research background is rooted in metabolism and metabolic health. She is also a competitive strength athlete and ultramarathon runner who trains the way she teaches. What she brings to this conversation is the kind of clarity around women's health, strength training, and cardiovascular fitness that most women never get access to from a single source. In this episode, you will discover: The part of metabolic health that has nothing to do with calories or weight What most women are never told about how resistance training actually works in the body What your fitness level actually signals about your long term women's health Why endurance training and strength training are not interchangeable, and why that distinction matters How hybrid training fits into a real schedule without overhauling everything you are already doing What cardio workout routines are actually building in your body over time Where athletic performance fits in even if you have never thought of yourself as an athlete This conversation is grounded in science but written for real life, and it meets you exactly where you are with your body and your health. The science of how your body works is not as complicated as it has been made out to be, and this episode shows exactly why. Let's rebrand wellness together! Elizabeth, Tara & Maria Connect with Dr. Alyssa Olenick: Website: www.doclyssfitness.com Programs: www.thelyssmethod.com Instagram: www.instagram.com/doclyssfitness  Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCW4CCAMyceAtaGVKhpUqcfQ Podcast: https://doclyssfitness.com/podcast/ Scientific publications: https://doclyssfitness.com/press/   Connect with us! The Ultimate Self Care Planner: https://elizabethharrisnutrition.ck.page/9e817ab37e Elizabeth Harris, MS, RDN, LDN FB: Health and Healing with Intuitive Eating community https://www.facebook.com/groups/healthandhealingwithintuitiveeating Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/ElizabethHarrisNutrition Take the free quiz, What Type of Eater Are You?: https://elizabethharrisnutrition.com/quiz Tara De Leon, Master Personal Trainer Email: FitnessTrainer19@hotmail.com Website: www.taradeleonfitness.com Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/tara_de_leon_fitness Join Tara's Newsletter: www.taradeleonfitness.com/connect Maria Winters, LCPC, NCC Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/coaching_therapist/ FB: https://www.facebook.com/MWcoachingtherapy Website: www.thecoachingtherapist.com   If you want to start a podcast or grow your existing one, visit julianabarbati.com and let them know we sent you!

In this episode of the Flex Diet Podcast, I sit down with Dr. Nathan Jenkins to discuss how to improve performance, body composition, and long-term health through the lens of aerobic development and metabolic flexibility. Nathan shares his journey from exercise physiology and coaching CrossFit athletes to his new role teaching physiology at the University of Georgia School of Medicine. We discuss why metabolic flexibility is such a powerful framework for understanding everything from biochemistry and exercise performance to metabolic disease. We also dive into interpreting maximal exercise testing data, including VO₂ measurements, EKG analysis, and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), along with how different energy systems work together during training and competition. Nathan explains why building an aerobic base is critical for repeated high-intensity performance, how pacing impacts outcomes, and why the ability to "suffer" is actually a trainable skill. To wrap up, we cover practical strategies you can apply right away, including prioritizing protein and carbohydrates, improving sleep quality, and addressing common micronutrient deficiencies through blood work, such as magnesium, vitamin D, and omega-3 status. Sponsors: Daily Fitness Insider Newsletter: https://flex-diet.kit.com/bfa1510fa8 Available now: Grab a copy of the Triphasic Training II book I co-wrote with Cal Deitz here. Episode chapters: 02:47 Meet Dr Nathan Jenkins 04:38 CrossFit Nutrition Reality Check 07:09 Leaving Tenure for Family 09:21 Back to Academia and Med Ed 11:29 Why Exercise Physiology Matters 14:36 Stress Tests Reveal Pathology 18:19 Max Testing and NIRS Setup 22:42 Raw Data Over Machine Outputs 24:18 Bohr Effect and Oxygen Delivery 28:09 Energy Systems in the Real World 33:05 Coaching Basics That Matter 35:40 Teaching Cardio From First Principles 36:36 Aerobic Base Reality Check 37:19 Cardio for Meatheads Pitch 39:13 CrossFit Endurance Breakthroughs 41:49 Fixing Time Domain Weakness 45:46 Pacing Like Froning Fraser 48:42 RAAM Gamesmanship Story 51:45 Pain Management Truths 53:23 VO2 Max Feels the Same 55:54 Suffering as a Skill 59:09 Cold Plunge Mindset Study 01:00:52 Caffeine Placebo and Belief 01:03:22 Heat Acclimation and 10K Prep 01:04:36 Metabolic Flexibility Lens 01:08:16 Teaching Diabetes Integration 01:10:56 Bloodwork Meets Flexibility 01:12:37 Where Fat Goes Wrong 01:15:07 Sustainable Deficit Strategy 01:16:34 Four Priorities Blueprint 01:17:21 Protein and Carb Targets 01:21:08 Sleep and Micronutrients 01:27:06 Omega-3 Testing Nuance 01:29:36 Wrap Up and Next Steps 01:31:52 Newsletter and Flex Diet Cert 01:33:20 Final Thanks and Subscribe Flex Diet Podcasts you may enjoy: Episode 344: Metabolic Adaptations, Lactate, and Training Smarter with Dr. Phil Batterson YouTube: https://youtu.be/PPZyO1nxSPA Episode 383: Body Composition, Strength Training, and Sustainable Habits with Martin Silva YouTube: https://youtu.be/p8oM0gW488U Connect with Dr. Jenkins: Website: https://www.drnathanjenkins.com/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drnathanjenkins Get In Touch with Dr Mike: Instagram: Drmiketnelson YouTube: @flexdietcert Email: Miketnelson.com/contact-us Get the Daily Fitness Insider newsletter (free): https://www.miketnelson.com/newsletter

Climbing faster isn't always about increasing FTP or producing bigger power numbers. In this episode, CTS Coach Adam Pulford breaks down the pacing strategies, tactics, fueling, and key workouts that help cyclists climb faster with the fitness they already have.HOSTAdam Pulford has been a CTS Coach for nearly two decades and holds a B.S. in Exercise Physiology. He's participated in and coached hundreds of athletes for endurance events all around the world.The Problem with Chasing Data - RPE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wsywx731ki0​​Free Cycling Training Assessment: https://trainright.com/cycling-training-assessment-welcome/Interested in working with a coach? Schedule a free consult: https://trainright.com/coaching/cycling/Self-coached athlete? Check out our TrainRight Membership: https://trainright.com/membership/Find more free resources here: https://trainright.com/blog/

Endurance athletes have access to more data than ever before, but data alone doesn't guarantee better decisions. In this episode, CTS Coach Adam Pulford breaks down the role of Rate of Perceived Effort (RPE) in training and racing, and why internal awareness remains one of the most important skills an athlete can develop.We cover pacing, training zones, effort calibration, common mistakes athletes make with RPE, and how to integrate subjective feedback with power and heart rate for better long-term performance. Wattage tells you what you did, RPE tells you what it cost.HOSTAdam Pulford has been a CTS Coach for nearly two decades and holds a B.S. in Exercise Physiology. He's participated in and coached hundreds of athletes for endurance events all around the world.​​Free Cycling Training Assessment: https://trainright.com/cycling-training-assessment-welcome/Interested in working with a coach? Schedule a free consult: https://trainright.com/coaching/cycling/Self-coached athlete? Check out our TrainRight Membership: https://trainright.com/membership/Find more free resources here: https://trainright.com/blog/Resources:https://trainright.com/rpe-rating-of-perceived-exertion-in-training-and-racing/https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/abstract/2001/02000/a_new_approach_to_monitoring_exercise_training.19.aspx?utm_source=chatgpt.comhttps://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2017.00612/full?utm_source=researchgate.net&utm_medium=articlehttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10422765/?utm_source=chatgpt.comhttps://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2024.1341972/full?utm_source=chatgpt.comhttps://support.trainerroad.com/hc/en-us/articles/360021324932-RPE-Key-Explained

Recovery isn't just about what happens right after training, it's about all the little things between sessions that add up. In this episode, CTS Coach Adam Pulford breaks down the habits that quietly interfere with adaptation and leave athletes carrying more fatigue than they realize.We cover sleep, fueling, easy day intensity, stress management, post-workout recovery, and why the basics matter far more than expensive recovery gadgets or trends.HOSTAdam Pulford has been a CTS Coach for nearly two decades and holds a B.S. in Exercise Physiology. He's participated in and coached hundreds of athletes for endurance events all around the world.​​Free Cycling Training Assessment: https://trainright.com/cycling-training-assessment-welcome/Interested in working with a coach? Schedule a free consult: https://trainright.com/coaching/cycling/Self-coached athlete? Check out our TrainRight Membership: https://trainright.com/membership/Find more free resources here: https://trainright.com/blog/Resources:Recovery Podcast with Christie Aschwandan: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/trainright-podcast/id1494799053?i=1000722793917 The Power of Habit by Charles Duhigg: https://charlesduhigg.com/the-power-of-habit/Loving What Is by Byron Katie: https://thework.com/loving-what-is-revised-edition/Atomic Habits by James Clear: https://jamesclear.com/atomic-habitsSport Psychologist: Dr Justin Ross: https://trainright.com/mental-health-skills-sports-performance-justin-ross/https://www.drjustinross.com/Recovery Window & Nutrient Timing: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3577439/https://www.mysportscience.com/post/2015/06/30/nutrition-and-acute-recoveryInfrared Sauna; Marginal Gains: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10286597/

On this episode of the Discover Strength Podcast, Luke Carlson shares key takeaways from the 2026 Discover Strength Summit, featuring exercise scientist Dr. Lauren Colenso-Semple. Together, they unpack the evidence-based realities surrounding menopause, metabolism, muscle loss, and resistance training for women.Luke explores why so many women have been misled about exercise, how fear-based fitness messaging has created confusion, and what the latest research actually says about strength training during midlife and beyond. From debunking myths about metabolism slowing during menopause to discussing why exercise should not be viewed solely as a tool for weight loss, this episode delivers practical, science-backed insights every woman should hear.If you want a clearer understanding of how to train smarter, avoid misinformation, and focus on what truly matters for long-term health and strength, this episode is for you.Discover Strength offers free Introductory Workouts at any location across the United States. You can schedule your free Introductory Workout HERE !

This week's episode builds directly off Wednesday's conversation with former NFL first-round draft pick Adam Archuleta, where we discussed intent-based training, speed development, and the training methods that helped shape his rise to becoming one of the most explosive athletes in football.That conversation sparked an interesting follow-up discussion around long-term speed development, efficiency of training, and what actually separates good combine preparation from truly elite results. While Adam discussed the years of work that helped improve his speed profile, this episode shifts toward the modern world of combine preparation and the coaches who have consistently produced high-level testing performances in a shorter time frame.Enter Tony Villani.Tony is one of the most respected names in elite athlete development and NFL Combine preparation. As the founder of XPE Sports he has trained multiple first-round draft picks across the NFL, MLB, and NBA, helping athletes maximize their testing numbers and dramatically improve their draft stock. His work has helped shape the modern combine preparation landscape, particularly in speed development and explosive performance.Tony earned his Master's Degree in Exercise Physiology from George Washington University, where his graduate research on exhaustive interval training was published in the European Journal of Applied Physiology. His career path included stops with the Washington Capitals, Orlando Magic, and Cris Carter's FAST Program before launching XPE in 2002.This episode dives into the realities of speed development, combine prep, and what actually moves the needle when athletes are trying to separate themselves at the highest level.XPE: https://tonyvillani.com/SHREDmill: https://tonyvillani.com/shredmill/

Active women are often blindsided by an osteopenia or osteoporosis diagnosis. This week, we explain why—and, more importantly, what to do about it—with Professor Belinda Beck, PhD, investigator on the groundbreaking LIFTMOR trial, which found that high-intensity resistance and impact training was both effective and safe for postmenopausal women with low bone density. This episode is a deep dive into how bone remodeling works and why mechanical loading—especially the right combination of impact exercise and progressive heavy strength training—is essential for building and maintaining bone strength. We also cover peak bone mass, estrogen, menopause, and the foundational role of nutrition, including calcium and vitamin D, in supporting stronger bones for life.Dr Belinda Beck is a Professor of Exercise Physiology at Griffith University (Gold Coast, QLD) and Director of The Bone Clinic in Brisbane. Her work, primarily related to the effects of mechanical loading on bone, includes a series of clinical trials (the LIFTMOR and MEDEX-OP trials) that changed the way osteoporosis is managed with exercise. In 2015, she established The Bone Clinic, a translational research facility and clinical practice in Brisbane providing the ONERO® exercise program for osteoporosis which has been licensed for delivery around the world. She has been awarded almost $8M in research funding and has published over 150 papers and chapters in the field. She is a Fellow of numerous bone and exercise societies (including ACSM, ASBMR, ESSA and SMA), is on the Board of the Australian and New Zealand Bone and Mineral Society, Sports Medicine Australia, the SOS Fracture Alliance, the International Osteoporosis Foundation Capture the Fracture Governance Committee, and the Healthy Bones AustraliaMedicine and Science Advisory Committee.Resources:High-Intensity Resistance and Impact Training Improves Bone Mineral Density and Physical Function in Postmenopausal Women With Osteopenia and Osteoporosis: The LIFTMOR Randomized Controlled Trial hereThe Bone Clinic & ONERO® programWatch on YouTubeSign up for our FREE Feisty 40+ newsletter: https://feisty.co/feisty-40/Join Feisty at the Grand Traverse in Duluth, MN on October 3rd! Use code FEISTY20 for $20 off when you register at https://feisty.co/events/the-grand-traverse/Learn More about our 2026 Feisty Events, including Bike Camps and Cycling Trips: https://feisty.co/events/Follow Us on Instagram:Feisty Menopause: @feistymenopauseHit Play Not Pause Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/807943973376099Support our Partners:Cozy Earth: Use Code HITPLAY at https://cozyearth.com/ for up to 20% off Eternal - Get 15% off their services with code FEISTY15 at https://eternal.coMidi Health: You Deserve to Feel Great. Book your virtual visit today at https://www.joinmidi.com/Previnex: Get 15% off your first order with code HITPLAY at https://www.previnex.com/ Wahoo: Use the code FEISTY2026 to get a free Headwind Smart Fan (value $300) with the purchase of a Wahoo KICKR RUN at https://shorturl.at/WVhdr

Quality training is often reduced to intensity, but that's only part of the picture. In this episode, CTS Coach Adam Pulford breaks down what high-quality training actually looks like and why it's often misunderstood.We cover the three pillars of high-quality training: the process, the result, and yes, the FUN! You'll learn why pushing harder isn't the answer, how to close the intention–execution gap, and how to structure rides that actually move your fitness forward.HOSTAdam Pulford has been a CTS Coach for nearly two decades and holds a B.S. in Exercise Physiology. He's participated in and coached hundreds of athletes for endurance events all around the world.​​Free Cycling Training Assessment: https://trainright.com/cycling-training-assessment-welcome/Interested in working with a coach? Schedule a free consult: https://trainright.com/coaching/cycling/Self-coached athlete? Check out our TrainRight Membership: https://trainright.com/membership/Find more free resources here: https://trainright.com/blog/Resources:https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/ijspp/18/5/article-p557.xmlAlex Hutchinson Interview: https://trainright.com/elastic-limits-human-performance-alex-hutchinson/

Every sport has had its watershed moment when a new technology upends the landscape and redefines what's possible. Baseball had torpedo bats, swimming the Lazer swimsuits, road cycling the introduction of aerodynamic carbon frames and in running we are living through an era defined by what were first, and best, described as “super shoes.”  For the last decade, the shoe industry has gone into overdrive to create shoes capable of blending impossible lightness with unbelievable energy return. The holy grail sought by shoe designers in this footwear arms race: crafting the pair of shoes that would propel the first man in history to a sub 2-hour marathon performance.  As of Sunday, we are now officially living in the new sub-2 era, as not one, but two men, Kenya's Sabastian Sawe and Ethiopia's Yomif Kejelcha, tore down the two-hour marathon barrier at last weekend's London Marathon.  While every factor imaginable aligned perfectly for these two men to take the sport somewhere no one has gone before, one factor in particular has drawn the lion's share of attention: the shoes. Both Sawe and Kejelcha ran in the just-released adidas Adios Pro Evo 3, a shoe touted as the lightest, fastest super shoe ever created. This week on The Shakeout Podcast we're diving into what makes these super shoes so super, and what physiological factors they impact that have helped runners achieve times long-thought impossible. To make sense of it all is Olympian and Mayo Clinic exercise physiologist Dr. Shalaya Kipp, a leading thinker in the science of shoe innovation. As one of the first researchers to quantify the running economy-improving benefits of super shoes, Shalaya reveals to us what specific factors are at play in these record-breaking shoes, how our bodies respond to these factors over the marathon distance and why runners of lesser ability might actually benefit the most from this new era of shoe tech.  Subscribe to The Shakeout Podcast feed on Apple, Spotify, YouTube or wherever you find your podcasts. [This collaboration is part of an advertising campaign led by the Podpass agency for Altitude Sports] Shop now at Altitude Sports and enjoy up to 20% off your first order with the promo code “shakeout2026” Click here to order

Dr. Courtney Conley holds a Doctorate in Chiropractic Medicine as well as two bachelor's degrees in Kinesiology and Human Biology. The founder and creator of Gait Happens, she has worked with professional athletic teams including the Phoenix Suns, New York Yankees, Cleveland Browns, New York Giants, San Francisco 49ers, and Minnesota Vikings. Dr. Conley is Head of Patient Care at Total Health Solutions and Total Health Performance, premier healthcare destinations renowned for their comprehensive and science-based approach to patient care. Dr. Milica McDowell holds two Bachelor of Science degrees (Exercise Physiology and Health Promotion, (Montana State University), a master's degree (Physical Therapy, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center), and a Doctorate degree (Physical Therapy, Idaho State University). She served as a university faculty member in Human Performance for nearly a decade, has developed numerous medical education curricula and has been an invited speaker on many national stages, including the American Physical Therapy Association and American College of Sports Medicine's conventions. Today on the show we discuss: why the 10,000 step rule is a myth rooted in marketing not science, how walking is a biological necessity that impacts your metabolism brain and mental health, why small “micro walks” can dramatically improve mood confidence and long-term consistency, the truth about fat loss and why walking works when you stack it with better sleep breathing and nutrition, how modern shoes are weakening your feet and what to do instead, and how to build a simple walking routine that actually improves longevity reduces depression and lowers your risk of disease and much more. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Most athletes focus on how strong they are when fresh. But performance is defined by what holds up as fatigue accumulates.In this episode, we break down durability: what it is, how to measure it through fatigue resistance, and why it's one of the most overlooked performance variables in endurance sport.We also cover how to train it effectively so you can maintain power, make better decisions late in races, and perform when it matters most.HOSTAdam Pulford has been a CTS Coach for nearly two decades and holds a B.S. in Exercise Physiology. He's participated in and coached hundreds of athletes for endurance events all around the world.​​Free Cycling Training Assessment: https://trainright.com/cycling-training-assessment-welcome/Interested in working with a coach? Schedule a free consult: https://trainright.com/coaching/cycling/Self-coached athlete? Check out our TrainRight Membership: https://trainright.com/membership/Find more free resources here: https://trainright.com/blog/Resources:Trainright.comDurability as an independent parameter of endurance performance in cycling - PMCDurability as an index of endurance exercise performance: Methodological considerations - PMC82. HOW TO TRAIN DURABILITY? - Knowledgeiswatt EnglishFatigue Resistance or Durability in Cycling: Tests & Training Tips — High North PerformanceRace Stronger, Longer: How to Build Fatigue ResistanceWhy Every Masters Cyclist Should Test Durability (Not Just FTP) 

What separates meaningful research from misleading results? In this episode, we sit down with Dr. James Steele to break down the most important—but often overlooked—aspect of exercise science: methodology.As part of our latest Project Discover study, we go beyond the headlines and dig into how research is actually conducted, why study design matters, and what it takes to produce results you can trust. Because in strength training, it's not just what a study finds—it's how it finds it.If you've ever wondered why studies seem to contradict each other, or how to separate high-quality evidence from noise, this episode will change the way you think about fitness research—and how you apply it to your workouts.Discover Strength offers free Introductory Workouts at any location across the United States. You can schedule your free Introductory Workout HERE !

In this short Flex Diet Podcast episode, I share a reminder that the PhysFlex Surge enrollment closes Monday, April 27, 2026 at midnight PST, and I give more context on what's inside the PhysFlex Certification. I explain how Level 1 (Flex Diet Cert) covers nutrition and recovery basics, while Level 2 (Physiologic Flexibility) focuses on becoming more robust and resilient by improving the four pillars of homeostatic regulation: temperature, pH, fuels (including ketones), and air (managing oxygen and CO2).  I walk through my eustress vs distress model, why most interventions work better with lower intensity and higher frequency, and how misapplying tools like cold immersion, sauna, or breathing methods can backfire without the right context. Episode Sponsor: Physiologic Flexibility Certification: https://physiologic.miketnelson.com/sales Available now: Grab a copy of the Triphasic Training II book I co-wrote with Cal Deitz here. Episode Chapters: 00:17 PhysFlex Surge Deadline 01:10 Who the Cert Is For 01:55 Four Pillars Overview 02:31 Time Cost and Zone 2 03:16 Sauna and Cold Progression 04:16 Eustress Versus Distress 05:01 Training Frequency Principles 07:43 Course Structure Breakdown 08:30 Research Meets Application 09:29 Context Matters Example 12:32 When Interventions Backfire 14:29 Wrap Up and Reminder 15:12 Medical Disclaimer Get In Touch with Dr Mike: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drmiketnelson/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@flexdietcert Email: Miketnelson.com/contact-us

Training alone might feel productive, but it's not always the most effective way to improve. In this episode, CTS Coach Adam Pulford explores the concept of social facilitation and how training with others can enhance performance, motivation, and skill development.We also cover when group rides can backfire, how to find the right balance between solo and group training, and how to structure your week to get the most out of both.CTS Camp Schedule:  https://trainright.com/camps/​​Free Cycling Training Assessment: https://trainright.com/cycling-training-assessment-welcome/HOSTAdam Pulford has been a CTS Coach for nearly two decades and holds a B.S. in Exercise Physiology. He's participated in and coached hundreds of athletes for endurance events all around the world.Interested in working with a coach? Schedule a free consult: https://trainright.com/coaching/cycling/Self-coached athlete? Check out our TrainRight Membership: https://trainright.com/membership/Find more free resources here: https://trainright.com/blog/Resources:Social Facilitation Theory In PsychologyMihály Csíkszentmihályi:Book: Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience: Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly: 8580001046242: Amazon.com: BooksOnline PDF: Mihaly-Csikszentmihalyi-Flow.pdfConcept: Mihály Csíkszentmihályi: The Father of FlowOnline Audio Book: Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi · Audiobook previewBrad Huff & Project Dudeman:https://www.tulsatough.com/project-dudemanhttps://www.bikereg.com/project-dudemanhttps://tulsaflyer.org/2026/04/02/culture/post/project-dudeman-cycling-tulsa/Bike Clubs | Bike Rides Near Me | USA Cycling:https://usacycling.sport80.com/public/widget/1

Professor of Female Endocrinology and Exercise Physiology, Kirsty Elliot Sale, is in studio with one part of Word On The Street, Rachel Sheehan, to take a look at the social media presence behind period cycles and exercise. They touch on the limitations of tracking apps, the misleading nature of social media, and debunk some of the most common myths about female athletes and exercise!

In this special milestone episode of Run with Fitpage, we celebrate our 250th episode with an in-depth conversation on one of the most misunderstood aspects of running — fatigue.Joining us is Prof Philipp Baumert, an expert in exercise physiology and injury prevention.  He breaks down the science behind why runners feel tired, why performance drops, and what actually happens inside the body during long runs particularly marathons.From central fatigue (brain-driven) to peripheral fatigue (muscle-level), this episode explores how your body regulates effort, why some runners recover faster than others, and what leads to that dreaded moment of hitting the wall.What You'll Learn in This Episode• What fatigue really is (beyond just “feeling tired”)• Difference between central, peripheral & mental fatigue• Why runners hit the wall after 30–35 km• How fueling strategy impacts performance• The importance of strength training for runners• How long fatigue actually lasts in the body• Smart ways to recover after a marathonRead more from his research here: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=PjIJ2ZcAAAAJ&hl=enAbout Vikas Singh:Vikas Singh, an MBA from Chicago Booth, worked at Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, APGlobale, and Reliance before coming up with the idea of democratizing fitness knowledge and helping beginners get on a fitness journey. Vikas is an avid long-distance runner, building fitpage to help people learn, train, and move better.For more information on Vikas, or to leave any feedback and requests, you can reach out to him via the channels below:Instagram: @vikas_singhhLinkedIn: Vikas SinghTwitter: @vikashsingh101Subscribe To Our Newsletter For Weekly Nuggets of Knowledge!

In this episode of The Pet Food Science Podcast Show – Equine, Dr. Tanja Hess, Professor at Colorado State University, explains how feeding management shapes equine behavior, health, and welfare. She highlights how feeding frequency, forage access, and social interaction influence natural behaviors, metabolic health, and disease risk. Dr. Hess shares practical strategies to improve feeding systems and support horse well-being are also discussed. Listen now on all major platforms!"Feeding management includes decisions about forage availability, feeding frequency, and delivery methods, all of which directly influence equine behavior, health outcomes, and overall welfare conditions in managed systems."Meet the guest: Dr. Tanja Hess earned her DVM from Federal Fluminense University, followed by a Master's in Equine Clinics and a PhD in Equine Nutrition and Exercise Physiology from Virginia Tech. As a Professor at Colorado State University, her work focuses on equine nutrition, metabolism, and behavior, emphasizing feeding management and welfare. Liked this one? Don't stop now — Here's what we think you'll love!Don't miss the chance to be part of the Pet Food Inner Circle!Join now and connect with leading experts in pet nutrition: https://petfoodinnercircle.com/What will you learn:(00:00) Highlight(01:05) Introduction(07:08) Feeding behavior(09:17) Forage intake(11:29) Stereotypic behaviors(15:43) Feeding systems(17:25) Welfare signals(27:27) Final QuestionsThe Pet Food Science Podcast Show is trusted and supported by innovative companies like:* Kemin* Trouw Nutrition- Biorigin- DietForge- Rangen Group

In this episode, I talk about the Physiologic Flexibility Certification open from April 20 to April 27 and where to get all the details. At the core is physiologic flexibility, which is your body's ability to adapt, perform, and recover across different stressors, not just optimize one thing. I break down the four key systems that drive this: temperature, pH, fuels (carbs, fat, lactate, ketones), and breathing (O₂/CO₂), and how they all work together. We also get into why AI can miss the physiology, how a 30-second Wingate hits all four pillars, and how to apply this to real-world training with 40+ practical takeaways. Episode Sponsor: Physiologic Flexibility Certification: https://physiologic.miketnelson.com/sales Available now: Grab a copy of the Triphasic Training II book I co-wrote with Cal Deitz here. Episode Chapters: 00:19 Cert Enrollment Details 01:36 AI Pitfalls and Cold Plunge Example 04:05 Four Pillars Overview 05:26 Breathing Module Deep Dive 06:39 Homeostasis and Why It Matters 07:39 Basics First Then Add Stressors 08:51 Wingate Example All Systems Overlap 12:05 Time Efficient Programming 13:37 How to Join and Bonuses 14:48 Coach as Translator and Course Structure 16:22 Wrap Up and Medical Disclaimer Get In Touch with Dr Mike: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drmiketnelson/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@flexdietcert Email: Miketnelson.com/contact-us

Zone 2 training has become increasingly complicated, with subzones like 2a, 2b, and even 2c being thrown around. But does any of that actually improve your training?In this episode, we break down what Zone 2 really is, why most of this added complexity is unnecessary, and how to organize your endurance training more effectively. The goal is simple: build aerobic fitness without overthinking it. When it comes to endurance, simplicity done consistently beats complexity every time.​​Free Cycling Training Assessment: https://trainright.com/cycling-training-assessment-welcome/HOSTAdam Pulford has been a CTS Coach for nearly two decades and holds a B.S. in Exercise Physiology. He's participated in and coached hundreds of athletes for endurance events all around the world.Interested in working with a coach? Schedule a free consult: https://trainright.com/coaching/cycling/Self-coached athlete? Check out our TrainRight Membership: https://trainright.com/membership/Find more free resources here: https://trainright.com/blog/Resources:Trainright.comCycling Power Zones ExplainedCycling Training Zones: A Detailed Guide — High North PerformanceTrainright Guide to Heart Rate Training for Cycling - CTS   Cycling Power Zones: Training Zones Explained - TrainerRoad Bloghttps://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/trainright-podcast/id1494799053?i=1000700902926 

Bill Evans has a PhD in Exercise Physiology, coaching experience at the D1 level, and is the founder of Endurance Laboratory. He has more than 20 scientific papers published in his field and was formerly a senior scientist at Johns Hopkins University in their Applied Physics Laboratory. Today, he's helping you improve your running economy. We discuss: The impact of easy running and different types of workouts on economy How to order workouts during a season How drills, plyometrics, and strength training improve efficiency Long-term and short-term perspectives on economy To improve your form, don't miss our Form Cues Cheat sheet (my favorite 3 form cues, how to use them, and when). Thanks Boulderthon! Boulderthon is a top 10 race in America according to USA Today and one of the best fall marathons according to Runner's World. With a 5k, 10k, half marathon, and marathon, Boulderthon offers an amazing fall destination race weekend right at the foothills of the Rockies. Use code STRENGTH20 for $20 off the marathon or half marathon. Join me in Boulder, one of the top running destinations in the country, on September 27th, to experience the tight knit running community here, race on the epic streets of Boulder, and finish on historic Pearl Street. While I live in Denver, I travel to boulder probably once a week to run. It's arguably one of the best running locations in the United States. There'll probably be cool and crisp fall weather for racing fast, too. And don't worry, Boulderthon is a BQ-eligible, USA Track & Field Sanctioned Event. Boulderthon is on track to sell out again this year so don't miss out. Use code STRENGTH20 to save $20 on the marathon or half-marathon here and I hope to see you in Boulder this fall. Thanks Wahoo Fitness! We're supported by our newest partner - Wahoo Fitness and the best treadmill in the game, the Wahoo KICKR Run. I have been fortunate to run on a KICKR Run treadmill and they're unique - you will immediately know that you're experiencing one of the smoothest, sturdiest treadmills you can buy.  Go to Wahoo Fitness and use code STRENGTHRUNNING to get a free KICKR Headwind Bluetooth Fan ($319.99 value) with your purchase of a Wahoo KICKR Run treadmill.  They like to say that it's the treadmill that follows you, not the other way around. And that's because it's dynamic - there's a lateral tilt feature that mimics real-world terrain. So as you're running, it varies the side-to-side angle by half a degree every few seconds to keep your muscles ready for outdoor running. And the KICKR Run's dynamic pacing is straight out of a sci-fi movie: the treadmill will match your pace automatically: no controls needed. You'll get a more natural running experience with no breaking to reach controls or setting the pace manually.  See what all the pros are raving about with the Wahoo KICKR Run Treadmill. They changed the game for bike trainers in the cycling industry - and now they're doing the same for runners. Don't forget to use code STRENGTHRUNNING to get a free KICKR Headwind Bluetooth Fan! 

Most cyclists think they need more volume or more power to improve. Coach Adam Pulford explains why that's not always the case and how training density (doing the same work with less recovery) is one of the most effective ways to build durability, increase repeatability, and break through performance plateaus.Free Cycling Training Assessment: https://trainright.com/cycling-training-assessment-welcome/HOSTAdam Pulford has been a CTS Coach for nearly two decades and holds a B.S. in Exercise Physiology. He's participated in and coached hundreds of athletes for endurance events all around the world.Interested in working with a coach? Schedule a free consult: https://trainright.com/coaching/cycling/Self-coached athlete? Check out our TrainRight Membership: https://trainright.com/membership/Find more free resources here: https://trainright.com/blog/Resources:What Training Density Is and Why It Matters for Time-Crunched Cyclists Durability and repeatability of professional cyclists during a Grand TourFatigue Resistance or Durability in Cycling: Tests & Training Tips — High North Performance 

If you're fueling with high carbs during training and worrying about diabetes, weight gain, or gut issues, this episode will change how you think about sugar. Coach Adam Pulford breaks down why your body handles carbohydrates completely differently during exercise than at rest, clears up one of the biggest nutrition myths in endurance sports, and gives you a simple, practical fueling framework so you can stop being afraid of carbs and start performing at your best.Free Cycling Training Assessment: https://trainright.com/cycling-training-assessment-welcome/RESOURCESGut Training for Athletes:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28332114/https://www.gssiweb.org/docs/default-source/sse-docs/jeukendrup_sse_178.pdf?sfvrsn=2https://www.mysportscience.com/post/2017/03/25/training-the-gut-for-athletesGut Training & Microbiome:Can the gut microbiota be trained?Stephanie Howe:Stephanie Howe - CTS Ultrarunning Coachhttps://www.instagram.com/p/B76N6l7Bw8k/?hl=en&img_index=1About – Stephanie HoweASK A QUESTION FOR A FUTURE PODCAST HEREHOSTAdam Pulford has been a CTS Coach for nearly two decades and holds a B.S. in Exercise Physiology. He's participated in and coached hundreds of athletes for endurance events all around the world.Listen to the episode on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, YouTube, or on your favorite podcast platformInterested in working with a coach? Schedule a free consult: https://trainright.com/coaching/cycling/Self-coached athlete? Check out our TrainRight Membership: https://trainright.com/membership/Find more free resources here: https://trainright.com/blog/

Most cyclists think a massive amount of Zone 2 training is the secret to a bigger aerobic engine, but it's only part of the story. Coach Adam Pulford breaks down two workouts he uses with his athletes, from ProTour riders to time-crunched amateurs, to push aerobic fitness to the next level.Free Cycling Training Assessment: https://trainright.com/cycling-training-assessment-welcome/RESOURCESCycling's Latest Trend: Structured Zone 2 IntervalsZone 2 Training to Improve Aerobic Endurance and Fat Burning - CTSASK A QUESTION FOR A FUTURE PODCAST HEREHOSTAdam Pulford has been a CTS Coach for nearly two decades and holds a B.S. in Exercise Physiology. He's participated in and coached hundreds of athletes for endurance events all around the world.Listen to the episode on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Stitcher, Google Podcasts, or on your favorite podcast platformInterested in working with a coach? Schedule a free consult: https://trainright.com/coaching/cycling/Self-coached athlete? Check out our TrainRight Membership: https://trainright.com/membership/Find more free resources here: https://trainright.com/blog/

If your watch says your VO2 max went up… or down… should you trust it?In this episode of Find Your Edge, Coach Chris Newport breaks down:what VO2 and VO2 max actually meanhow Garmin and other devices estimate VO2 maxwhy wearable predictions can be useful—but limitedhow lab testing gives more accurate informationwhy economy, training, and consistency matter more than obsessing over one numberIf you've ever wondered whether your device is really right, this episode is for you.Experience the breakthrough when everything finally clicks! Train with expert coaches, fuel with incredible chef-prepared meals, and connect with athletes who love triathlon as much as you do. Join us April 22–26 at beautiful Lake Jocassee for four unforgettable days of swim, bike, run, learning, and community. Spots are almost full: Reserve yours here. Support the show

In this episode of the Flex Diet Podcast, I sit down with my friend Kristi Storoschuk, a PhD candidate in exercise physiology, to unpack her review paper on zone 2 cardio and what the evidence actually shows. We dig into what “zone 2” really means (including lactate thresholds and why common proxies like heart rate and the talk test can miss the mark), where the 80/20 endurance model came from, and why messaging around zone 2 for mitochondrial function, fat oxidation, metabolic flexibility, and health may be overstated, especially for the general population.  Kristi explains why higher intensities often produce equal or better mitochondrial and performance-related adaptations, how training volume and population context change the conversation, and where low-intensity work like walking may still fit. Sponsors: Flex 4:  Kristi's Top 4 tips for improving aerobic fitness as a recreational lifter: https://flex-diet.kit.com/17ac1beade Daily Fitness Insider Newsletter: https://flex-diet.kit.com/bfa1510fa8 Coming up: ISSN 2026: https://www.sportsnutritionsociety.org/ Available now: Grab a copy of the Triphasic Training II book I co-wrote with Cal Deitz here. Episode Chapters: 04:04 Why Zone Two Went Viral 09:40 Defining Zone Two Lactate 14:15 Talk Test and Practical Limits 16:43 Does Zone Two Even Matter 21:08 The 80/20 Misapplied 26:14 Origins of Base Training 32:06 Mitochondria Volume vs Intensity 40:08 How Myths Persist Online 44:16 Zone Three Over Zone Two 44:46 Why Some Recover Faster 45:37 Overtraining Study Lessons 49:59 Listen To Output Signals 52:20 How Often To Train 54:42 Short Daily Progressives 57:46 Tabata Reality Check 01:00:19 Walking And Health Outcomes 01:05:23 Mitochondria Versus Performance 01:08:04 Lactate Threshold Beats VO2 01:12:43 Fueling And Final Wrap 01:14:33 Podcast Outro And Disclaimer Flex Diet Podcasts you may enjoy: Episode 360: Exploring Aerobic Development & Concurrent Training with Jason Brown YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkqim0EDfec&t=4s Episode 269: From Mitochondria to Metabolic Health Insights with PhD Candidate Kristi Storoschuk YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9EFRluKt6Q Connect with : Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/krististoroschuk/ Website: https://krististoroschuk.com/ Get In Touch with Dr Mike: Instagram: Drmiketnelson YouTube: @flexdietcert Email: Miketnelson.com/contact-us

Zone 2 intervals are trending across pro pelotons and training apps, but are they actually superior to steady endurance riding, or just a complicated solution to a simple problem? Coach Adam Pulford breaks down the science, shares real athlete data, and gives you an honest answer on whether structured Zone 2 intervals are worth your time.Free Cycling Training Assessment: https://trainright.com/cycling-training-assessment-welcome/RESOURCESCycling's Latest Trend: Structured Zone 2 IntervalsZone 2 Training to Improve Aerobic Endurance and Fat Burning - CTSASK A QUESTION FOR A FUTURE PODCAST HEREHOSTAdam Pulford has been a CTS Coach for nearly two decades and holds a B.S. in Exercise Physiology. He's participated in and coached hundreds of athletes for endurance events all around the world.Listen to the episode on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Stitcher, Google Podcasts, or on your favorite podcast platformInterested in working with a coach? Schedule a free consult: https://trainright.com/coaching/cycling/Self-coached athlete? Check out our TrainRight Membership: https://trainright.com/membership/Find more free resources here: https://trainright.com/blog/

A new scientific study has revealed that having regular hot baths can boost your performance as a long distance runner.Joining Seán to discuss is Elliott Jenkins, a PhD Candidate in Exercise Physiology at Cardiff Metropolitan University…

This episode examines how exercise and nutrition interact to influence glycaemic control, with particular focus on the postprandial period (i.e., the hours after eating) and on "time-efficient" exercise strategies such as low-volume interval training. Dr. Jenna Gillen outlines the physiological basis for why muscle contraction can acutely reduce post-meal glucose excursions, why repeated sessions can accumulate into longer-term improvements in insulin sensitivity, and why the nutrition context (pre- and post-exercise feeding, carbohydrate availability, and energy balance) can meaningfully alter observed outcomes. A key translational thread is that many clinically relevant improvements may come from small, feasible doses of activity; especially post-meal walking and brief "exercise snacks" used to interrupt sedentary time. However, the discussion considers who these interventions matter for most (and least). Postprandial glucose rises are normal in healthy individuals, whereas reducing exaggerated excursions is most relevant for those with insulin resistance, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes (T2D). Dr. Jenna Gillen is an Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology in the Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education at the University of Toronto.  Timestamps [02:42] Dr. Gillen's research focus [04:11] Understanding glycemic control [10:07] Fasted vs. fed state exercise [11:10] Post-meal exercise benefits [20:10] Low volume interval training [26:27] Interval training and blood glucose [31:29] Energy balance and insulin sensitivity [36:32] Exercise and nutrition interactions [40:11] Practical exercise recommendations [43:56] Key ideas segment (Premium-only) Links Go to episode page (with links to papers) Join the Sigma email newsletter for free Subscribe to Sigma Nutrition Premium Enroll in the next cohort of our Applied Nutrition Literacy course See Sigma's recommended resources

Save 20% on all Nuzest Products WORLDWIDE with the code MIKKIPEDIA at www.nuzest.co.nz, www.nuzest.com.au or www.nuzest.comCurranz Supplement: Use code MIKKIPEDIA to get 20% off your first order - go to www.curranz.co.nz  or www.curranz.co.uk to order yours NZ listeners - save 10% off Calocurb by using the code Mikkipedia10 at www.calocurb.co.nzThis week on the podcast, Mikki speaks to Dr Philip Prins, researcher and expert in exercise metabolism, about a new paper examining one of the most widely accepted ideas in sports nutrition: the role of carbohydrate in endurance performance.For decades, the dominant narrative has been that muscle glycogen depletion is the primary cause of fatigue during prolonged exercise, and that high carbohydrate intake is essential for sustaining performance. But Dr Prins and his colleagues revisit the evidence and ask a deeper question: is that explanation actually supported by the data?In this conversation, they explore the physiology of fatigue, the often-overlooked role of blood glucose and liver glycogen, and the phenomenon of exercise-induced hypoglycaemia as a potential driver of performance limitation. They also discuss how relatively small amounts of carbohydrate can improve performance, why higher intakes don't always translate into better outcomes, and what this means for current high-carbohydrate fueling recommendations.Along the way, Mikki and Dr Prins unpack fat oxidation in low-carbohydrate-adapted athletes, the importance of individual metabolic differences, and whether fueling strategies for endurance athletes may need to be far more individualised than current guidelines suggest.This is a fascinating discussion that challenges long-held assumptions about carbohydrate, fatigue, and how athletes should actually fuel for performance.Dr. Philip Prins is an Associate Professor of Exercise Science. Dr. Prince earned a B.S. in Kinesiology as well as an M.S. in Exercise Science from Georgia Southern University, and a Ph.D. in Exercise Physiology from the University of Pittsburgh. His research focuses on, among other things, the practical impact of lifestyle on metabolism and how metabolism impacts health, disease and performance outcomes. Among his many areas of expertise are nutritional ketosis, metabolic responses to exercise, and sports nutrition.Dr Prins can be found here: https://www.gcc.edu/Home/Academics/Faculty-Directory/Faculty-Detail/philip-prins Dr Prins Researchgate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Philip-PrinsStudy https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article/47/2/191/8432248 Previous podcasts https://podcast.mikkiwilliden.com/190 and https://podcast.mikkiwilliden.com/348  Contact Mikki:https://mikkiwilliden.com/https://www.facebook.com/mikkiwillidennutritionhttps://www.instagram.com/mikkiwilliden/https://linktr.ee/mikkiwilliden

Struggling to fit training into your busy life? Coach Adam Pulford breaks down a simple weekly framework that helps time-crunched cyclists build real fitness — without burning out or blowing up their schedule.Free Cycling Training Assessment: https://trainright.com/cycling-training-assessment-welcome/RESOURCESTime-Crunched? Here's the Training Week Framework That WorksHow to Build a Strong Week of Your Cycling Training Plan - Chris CarmichaelASK A QUESTION FOR A FUTURE PODCAST HEREHOSTAdam Pulford has been a CTS Coach for nearly two decades and holds a B.S. in Exercise Physiology. He's participated in and coached hundreds of athletes for endurance events all around the world.Listen to the episode on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Stitcher, Google Podcasts, or on your favorite podcast platformInterested in working with a coach? Schedule a free consult: https://trainright.com/coaching/cycling/Self-coached athlete? Check out our TrainRight Membership: https://trainright.com/membership/Find more free resources here: https://trainright.com/blog/CONNECT WITH CTSWebsite: trainright.comInstagram: @cts_trainrightTwitter: @trainrightFacebook: @CTSAthlete

In this episode of the Flex Diet Podcast, I sit down with coach Kevin Dineen to talk about where fitness and healthcare are headed and whether their merger is a net positive or negative. We dig into why people still default to asking physicians about training and nutrition, the problems created by siloed systems, and what a more client-centered model could look like with coaches, PTs, massage therapists, and physicians collaborating under one roof.  We also discuss the pros, cons, and liability concerns around coaches using blood work for performance, how hard training can skew lab results, and why basic habits like lifting, cardio, steps, and community support matter more than expensive supplement stacks. Kevin closes with key advice for newer coaches: professionalism, mentorship, travel to learn standards, and clarifying your “why.” Sponsors: Flex4: Kevin's top 4 things new coaches can do to get better at their craft: https://flex-diet.kit.com/17ac1beade Daily Fitness Insider Newsletter: https://flex-diet.kit.com/bfa1510fa8 Check out: Real Coaches Summit 2026: https://realcoachessummit.com Available now: Grab a copy of the Triphasic Training II book I co-wrote with Cal Deitz here. Episode Chapters: 04:42 Kevin Joins the Show 05:47 Peter Attia and Doctor Pedestals 10:01 Broken System and Referrals 13:06 Client First Collaboration Model 16:59 Trainer Centered Prevention 19:05 All-in-One Gym Healthcare Hub 23:33 Pricing Niche and Community 28:23 Supplement Hype vs Basics 34:15 Movement Over Nutrition Debate 35:16 Blood Work Timing and Context 38:01 Community Keeps You Honest 39:11 Programming Phases And Deficits 39:56 Blood Work As A Service 42:18 Leveling Up With Truth 44:48 Assessments Without Shame 47:00 Do The Obvious Work 52:15 Experience Finds Hidden Links 55:02 Licensing Versus Professionalism 01:00:52 Business Skills Raise The Bar 01:04:17 Where To Find Kevin 01:05:29 Listener Wrap Up  Flex Diet Podcast you may enjoy: Episode 295: Future of Coaching, Humanizing Your Brand, and the Rise of AI with Mike Doehla YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zB1Pa51OW3o&t=2s Connect with : Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/coachkevdineen Website: https://structurepf.com/ Get In Touch with Dr Mike: Instagram: Drmiketnelson YouTube: @flexdietcert Email: Miketnelson.com/contact-us

Can you actually "reset" your brain chemicals with a five-minute walk? Can a newborn really weigh as much as a standard toddler? And if you had a hysterectomy decades ago, why is your pelvis still throbbing in pain? In this episode, we talk to Professor Simon Rosenbaum, a researcher and exercise psychologist at UNSW Sydney, to find out why "lifestyle change" is now considered a first-line treatment for depression in Australia. We unpack the science of the "brain reset", why the best workout for your mental health is simply the one you don’t hate, and how movement can be a secret superpower for your resilience. Plus, in Med School, we take a deep dive into the world of "giant babies”. From the TikTok trend of "chonky bubbas" to the world record holder who gave birth to a nearly 10kg infant (yes, you read that right), we celebrate the incredible, superhero feats of the female body. And, in our Quick Consult, Dr. Mariam helps Linda, a 70-year-old listener dealing with chronic pelvic pain 30 years post-hysterectomy. She explains the reality of internal scar tissue, why "zero" is the only normal amount of pain regardless of your age, and the team of experts you need to reclaim your quality of life. EPISODE RESOURCES If you want to learn more about the topics discussed in today’s show, check out these helpful links: MOVE by Mamamia Health Direct - Physical Activity Guidelines GET IN TOUCH Sign up to the Well Newsletter to receive your weekly dose of trusted health expertise without the medical jargon. Ask a question of our experts or share your story, feedback, or dilemma - you can send it anonymously here, email here or leave us a voice note here. Ask The Doc: Ask us a question in The Waiting Room. Follow us on Instagram and Tiktok. Support independent women’s media by becoming a Mamamia subscriber CREDITS Hosts: Claire Murphy and Dr Mariam Guest: Professor Simon Rosenbaum Senior Producers: Claire Murphy and Sally Best Audio Producer: Scott Stronach Video Producer: Julian Rosario Social Producer: Elly Moore Mamamia acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the Land we have recorded this podcast on, the Gadigal people of the Eora Nation. We pay our respects to their Elders past and present, and extend that respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures.Information discussed in Well. is for education purposes only and is not intended to provide professional medical advice. Listeners should seek their own medical advice, specific to their circumstances, from their treating doctor or health care professional.Support the show: https://www.mamamia.com.au/mplus/See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Longevity and fitness are increasingly high priorities for Americans, with recent data indicating that nearly 84% of U.S. consumers consider wellness (including physical health and longevity) a top or important priority, according to McKinsey & Company.   Based on a survey by AARP and Forbes, 93% of adults aged 50 and older in the United States reported that regular exercise would help them live longer and healthier lives. Additionally, 81% of U.S. adults are willing to spend money to increase their longevity. Aaron Hines is a personal trainer and fitness coach who is focused on helping adults 45+ and athletes perform at their best — in sport, in life, and for life.   Aaron Hines is a multifaceted professional — known locally as The Mayor of Fitness — whose mission is to help people move better, feel better, and live stronger. A devoted husband to Amanda and proud father to Lincoln and Stetson, Aaron blends family, faith, and fitness into everything he does. A three-time bestselling author and nationally recognized personal trainer, Aaron has become one of the most trusted names in health and performance across Middle Tennessee. A former collegiate football player at Lambuth University, Aaron's passion for performance started on the field. He earned his degree in Health and Human Performance from the University of Tennessee at Martin and went on to complete a Master's in Exercise Physiology from Florida State University. Over the past 15 years, he's added more than a dozen elite certifications, including EXOS Sports Performance Specialist, NASM-FNS, and NASM-YES. As the Founder of Premier Performance Training in Brentwood, TN, Aaron specializes in helping adults over 45 lose weight, move pain-free, and rediscover their confidence through science-based, personalized training. His team also works with elite athletes — including NFL Hall of Famer Bruce Matthews, former Tennessee Titan Michael Archie, and PGA Tour professional Brandt Snedeker — to elevate their performance and longevity. Aaron's leadership has earned recognition throughout the community, including being named one of Nashville's Top Personal Trainers (2020) and leading a facility honored as Best Gym in 2020, 2021, and 2023.  His insights have been featured in Franklin Lifestyle Magazine, WebMD, Nashville Fit Magazine, and top podcasts like The Hit Streak with Nick Hiter. Whether you're an athlete chasing your next level or an adult ready to take control of your health, Aaron's approach is simple — you bring the commitment, and he'll bring the plan. For more information: https://premierperformancetrainer.com/ Instagram: @premierperformancetn     Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Is more carbohydrate always better, or does your gut need to be trained like your legs?In this episode, we sit down with Roxanne Vogel, PhD, Director of Research and Education at GU Energy Labs, to unpack what gut training actually means, how carbohydrates use different transport systems, and why carbohydrate tolerance varies so much between athletes. We also explore the "why" behind gut training, high carb feeding, metabolic flexibility, the role of hot environments, and what personalized carbohydrate strategies may look like in the near future.More about our guest:Roxanne Gonzales Vogel is a scientist, athlete, and adventurer. As the Director of Research and Education at GU Energy Labs, she oversees the brand's Performance Lab and works with elite athletes to optimize nutrition for performance, health, and longevity. She holds a PhD in Exercise Physiology from Southern Cross University in Australia, where her research focused on environmental physiology and strategies to improve athletic performance in the presence of environmental stressors, including heat, cold, and hypoxia. Roxanne's research interests are largely inspired by her pursuits as a high-altitude mountaineer and ultra-endurance athlete. In May of 2019, she summited Mount Everest in a fraction of the time it normally takes—two weeks as opposed to two months— using a novel pre-acclimation protocol and custom nutrition products she developed to make the record-breaking ascent possible. Roxanne is also an experienced trail runner, competing primarily in mountain ultramarathons, including the iconic Leadville 100 where she placed 4th in 2022. She has spent the past 15 years studying nutrition and its impact on body composition, athletic performance, and cognitive function. Roxanne currently lives and trains in Mammoth Lakes, CA.-------Drop a question in our free Patreon Community and get access to bonus content with Bob and Dina by upgrading to the Gold Level membership. You'll also be showing your support and helping to keep the podcast free of sponsorship ads. Let's connect on your platform of choice:  Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube.The show is brought to you by eNRG Performance and The Nutrition Mechanic. 

Send a textDr. Dan Pardi is the Chief Health Officer at Qualia Life Sciences, where he leads health education, protocol design, and health-improvement strategies. His work centers on translating cutting-edge science into actionable information and programs that support health span optimization and peak performance. Previously, Dan founded humanOS.me, a digital health platform developed with over 100 health-science professors. Its podcast, humanOS Radio, became the official podcast of the Sleep Research Society and a content partner of the Buck Institute for Research on Aging.He also served as Chief Health Architect at Restore Hyper Wellness, where he led new product strategy and served as key authority for intervention sciences.Through Vivendi Health, Dan provides bespoke consulting to individuals and organizations facing unique health challenges. He holds a PhD in Cognitive Neuroscience from Leiden University and Stanford, and a Master's in Exercise Physiology from Florida State.He's spoken at TEDx and the Institute for Human Machine Cognition, among others.Find Dr. Pardi at-https://www.qualialife.com/Find Boundless Body at- myboundlessbody.com Book a session with us here!

Reflections on the Peter Attia/Epstein scandal; How to lower lp(a)—does diet help? What are bio-active peptides? Could they stave off kidney disease? Scientists just tested the fittest 81-year-old in the world—here's what they found; Media erroneously report that intermittent fasting is not effective for weight loss; Sugary drinks may stoke anxiety in teens; Omega-3s support kids' reading fluency and spelling scores; Surprising study shows saturated fats not harmful to kidneys.

OVERVIEWCyclists almost always report a discrepancy between the power output and/or perceived exertion between indoor and outdoor cycling. Typically, this means struggling to achieve the same power output indoors than can be achieved outdoors for common workouts like FTP intervals or VO2 max efforts. Even easier Zone 2 rides can have higher RPE values (i.e., feel harder) indoors compared to outdoors. In Episode 294 of "The Time-Crunched Cyclist Podcast", Coach Adam Pulford reveals why indoor cycling feels harder, how you can narrow the gap between indoor and outdoor performance, and whether you should use different power training zones indoors vs outdoors.TOPICS COVEREDWhy indoor cycling feels harder than outdoor ridingWhich types of cycling workouts are affected more by moving indoorsHow to narrow the gap between indoor and outdoor performanceWhen to make different indoor and outdoor power training zonesRESOURCES Indoor vs Outdoor Power ExplainedKnowledge is Watt: https://www.instagram.com/knowledgeiswatt/- Indoor vs Outdoor Power post Can a Mismatch Between Course Gradient and Resistance Affect Performance When Using ERG Mode in a Zwift Workout? ASK A QUESTION FOR A FUTURE PODCASTHOSTAdam Pulford has been a CTS Coach for nearly two decades and holds a B.S. in Exercise Physiology. He's participated in and coached hundreds of athletes for endurance events all around the world.Listen to the episode on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Stitcher, Google Podcasts, or on your favorite podcast platformGET FREE TRAINING CONTENTJoin our weekly newsletterCONNECT WITH CTSWebsite: trainright.comInstagram: @cts_trainrightTwitter: @trainrightFacebook: @CTSAthlete

We sit down with Chris Harris from Precision Fuel & Hydration to talk about hydration and sodium needs for athletes before, during, and after exercise. We reference the recent review paper by Dr. McCubbin (linked below) as our discussion guide. This conversation will help you think more clearly about your own hydration strategy and why testing and context matter far more than blanket rules.Links: Review paper we reference by Dr. Alan McCubbinPrecision Fuel & Hydration Knowledge HubChris's own case studies on the Precision Fuel & Hydration websiteMore about our guest:Chris holds an MSc in Sport and Exercise Physiology and works as a Sports Scientist at Precision Fuel & Hydration, where he helps endurance athletes develop personalised hydration and fueling strategies informed by scientific research and multiple years working in the field. He previously worked as an Exercise Physiologist for several National Governing Bodies in the UK. Chris spends his 'spare time' being a competitive triathlete who has raced at the IRONMAN World Championships in Kona, ticked off a 2:40 marathon on debut, and generally loves practicing what he preaches!-------Drop a question in our free Patreon Community and get access to bonus content with Bob and Dina by upgrading to the Gold Level membership. You'll also be showing your support and helping to keep the podcast free of sponsorship ads. Let's connect on your platform of choice:  Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube.The show is brought to you by eNRG Performance and The Nutrition Mechanic. 

Charly May is a physique coach with Team Forgd, working with Georgia Daniels, a master's student in Exercise Physiology, and an NPC figure competitor and overall winner. She won the overall at her first show, the NPC Western Michigan Bodybuilding Championships, and holds a degree in Kinesiology, as well as professional training certifications such as a CSCS and NASM-CPT. Charly has published research in human performance and cardiovascular health and has been hired by her university to teach undergraduate Physical Activity and Wellness courses. https://www.instagram.com/charlymay_/ Use code "ScottM" at www.BiolongevityLabs.com to save on all Peptides for fat loss, tissue healing, and much more! Get the best prices on quality, lab-tested peptides and help support the show.   This podcast is brought to you by LMNT Electrolytes! It's great for a hot summer day, a workout, or just working at your desk with cold water. Check it out and get your free sample pack along with any regular purchase when you use my custom link, www.drinklmnt.com/ScottMys. The LMNT Sample Pack includes one packet of their most popular flavors. This is the perfect offer for 1) anyone who is interested in trying all of our flavors or 2) anyone who wants to introduce a friend to LMNT. Go to www.drinklmnt.com/ScottMys to claim this awesome deal!

Tim Harford investigates some of the numbers in the news. This week:Is it true that someone needs to earn £71,000 before they receive more money than a family on benefits?Did Canadian prime minister Mark Carney get the GDP of Canada and the Nordic countries wrong?Are 1990s pop icons Right Said Fred right about what they said about church attacks?Is a sauna really ten times as hot as Wales in the winter?And Tim hits the science lab treadmill to find out if he can run a four-hour marathon.If you've seen a number in the news you want the team on More or Less to have a look at, email moreorless@bbc.co.ukContributors: Gareth Morgan, benefits expert and author of the Benefits in the Future blog Joe Shalam, policy director of the Centre for Social Justice Professor Kelly Morrison, head of physics at Loughborough University Dr Danny Muniz, a senior lecturer in Exercise Physiology at the University of HertfordshireCredits: Presenter: Tim Harford Reporters: Nathan Gower, Lizzy McNeill and Tom Colls Production co-ordinator: Brenda Brown Sound mix: Gareth Jones and James Beard Editor: Richard Vadon

Maintaining the ability to carry out everyday tasks and live independently is often described as a cornerstone of healthy ageing. But what actually happens to muscle strength, power, and functional ability as we get older? And how inevitable is their decline? At what point do changes in muscle function really begin to matter for day-to-day life? Is loss of strength an unavoidable consequence of ageing itself, or does it reflect something more modifiable? If declines are not fixed, what kinds of training or lifestyle interventions genuinely make a difference, and how strong is the evidence behind them? In this episode, exercise physiologist Dr Brendan Egan examines these questions through the lens of both epidemiological data and controlled training studies in older adults. What do we learn from short-term resistance training interventions lasting just a few months? Do the gains persist once supervised training ends? And what does this tell us about the practical challenges of maintaining functional capacity over the long term? The conversation also explores the idea of "use it or lose it" in muscle function, the role of resistance training in extending healthspan, and how exercise programmes can be designed to support independence later in life. Ultimately, the episode asks a simple but crucial question: what does the evidence actually say about staying strong, capable, and functionally independent as we age? Dr. Brendan Egan is an Associate Professor of Sport and Exercise Physiology the School of Health and Human Performance at Dublin City University. Currently, he is Associate Dean for Research in the Faculty of Science and Health. Timestamps [03:49] Understanding functional capacity [05:56] The importance of muscle strength and mass [14:09] Epidemiology and strength training [25:07] Concurrent training in older adults study [31:05] Barriers to strength training in older adults [34:18] Misconceptions about older adults and exercise [39:13] Exercise snacking and SBAE [51:04] Key ideas segment (Premium-only) Links & Resources Go to episode page (with links to studies) Join the Sigma email newsletter for free Subscribe to Sigma Nutrition Premium Enroll in the next cohort of our Applied Nutrition Literacy course

Your workouts may be doing less than you think, and science now proves why. This episode reveals how to build muscle, improve metabolism, and extend longevity in a fraction of the time using blood flow restriction training and intermittent hypoxia. You'll learn how to hack your mitochondria for faster recovery, stronger hormonal balance, and better brain performance without the burnout of high-intensity training. Watch this episode on YouTube for the full video experience: https://www.youtube.com/@DaveAspreyBPR Host Dave Asprey talks with Dr. Sten Stray-Gundersen, PhD, CSCS, one of the world's leading experts on blood flow restriction (BFR) training and metabolic physiology. With over a decade of research and teaching experience, Dr. Stray-Gundersen has explored how BFR and intermittent hypoxia can improve cardiovascular health, metabolism, and recovery. After earning his doctorate in Exercise Physiology from the University of Texas at Austin, he now serves as an Assistant Professor at the University of South Carolina, where he studies vascular adaptations, cognitive performance, and ergogenic aids. He's also a B Strong master trainer, developing individualized BFR protocols for athletes, military professionals, and everyday people looking to optimize human performance. Together, Dave and Sten uncover how BFR and oxygen cycling unlock powerful adaptations in the body's vascular, metabolic, and hormonal systems. You'll learn how strategic stress signals can trigger nitric oxide production, enhance glucose uptake, improve insulin sensitivity, and supercharge mitochondria for better energy and anti-aging benefits. They also explore how these methods can naturally boost testosterone, growth hormone, and even libido, all while protecting the nervous system and improving recovery. This episode dives deep into biohacking, functional medicine, and smart exercise efficiency, from Zone 2 and REHIT training to nitric oxide signaling, fasting, nootropics, and precision supplementation. Whether your goal is longevity, strength, or sharper cognition, this conversation shows you how to get maximum results with minimal time using the principles of Smarter Not Harder. You'll Learn:• How intermittent hypoxia works at the level of partial pressure and why altitude acclimation upgrades mitochondria and performance• Why hypoxia and muscle contraction increase glucose uptake independent of insulin and improve insulin sensitivity• How blood flow restriction (BFR) accelerates fatigue with light loads to drive hypertrophy, strength, and vascular adaptations• How BFR and hypoxia influence testosterone, growth hormone, nitric oxide, and libido through short, targeted stress• The roles of ENOS, INOS, and NNOS in nitric oxide signaling and what that means for circulation and brain perfusion• Who benefits most from BFR, including athletes, rehab patients, and older adults who cannot lift heavy• Why BFR produces systemic and “proximal” gains, including carryover to glutes and upper body during lower limb training• How to stack BFR with Zone 2, REHIT, and vibration plates for VO2 max, muscle, and time efficiencyDave Asprey is a four-time New York Times bestselling author, founder of Bulletproof Coffee, and the father of biohacking. With over 1,000 interviews and 1 million monthly listeners, The Human Upgrade brings you the knowledge to take control of your biology, extend your longevity, and optimize every system in your body and mind. Each episode delivers cutting-edge insights in health, performance, neuroscience, supplements, nutrition, biohacking, emotional intelligence, and conscious living. New episodes are released every Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, and Sunday (BONUS). Dave asks the questions no one else will and gives you real tools to become stronger, smarter, and more resilient. Keywords: Sten Stray-Gundersen, blood flow restriction training, B Strong, intermittent hypoxia, mitochondrial function, nitric oxide production, VO2 max, metabolic efficiency, vascular health, testosterone boost, growth hormone release, anti-aging performance, exercise recovery, glucose metabolism, functional medicine, biohacking fitness, REHIT training, Zone 2 optimization, strength and longevity, human performance science Thank you to our sponsors! -KILLSwitch | If you're ready for the best sleep of your life, order now at https://www.switchsupplements.com/ and use code DAVE for 20% off. -EMR-Tek | https://www.emr-tek.com/DAVE and use code DAVE for 40% off. -Leela Quantum Tech | Check out all HEAL360 products and research and get 10% off at https://leelaq.com/DAVE. -ARMRA | Go to https://tryarmra.com/ and use the code DAVE to get 15% off your first order. Resources: • Use code DAVE10 to get a discount on a BFR band today: https://shopify.bstrong.training/products/b-strong-training-system?ref=dave%2F • Dive deeper in Sten's work at: https://bstrong.training/ • Danger Coffee: https://dangercoffee.com/discount/dave15 • My Daily Supplements: SuppGrade Labs (15% Off) • Favorite Blue Light Blocking Glasses: TrueDark (15% Off) • Dave Asprey's BEYOND Conference: https://beyondconference.com • Dave Asprey's New Book – Heavily Meditated: https://daveasprey.com/heavily-meditated • Upgrade Collective: https://www.ourupgradecollective.com • Upgrade Labs: https://upgradelabs.com • 40 Years of Zen: https://40yearsofzen.com Timestamps: 0:00 - Trailer 1:25 - Guest Intro 5:40 - Intermittent Hypoxia & Altitude Acclimation 12:11 - Introduction to Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) 22:53 - Systemic Benefits & Who Can Use BFR 30:23 - BFR Effects on Hormones & Libido 40:37 - Nitric Oxide & Vascular Health 48:15 - Zone 2 Training with BFR 54:00 - Advanced Protocols: Stacking BFR 59:15 - Cognitive Enhancement & Wrap-Up See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.