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10 episodes with Critical appraisal
4 episodes with Critical appraisal
2 episodes with Critical appraisal
2 episodes with Critical appraisal
2 episodes with Critical appraisal
2 episodes with Critical appraisal
2 episodes with Critical appraisal
2 episodes with Critical appraisal
2 episodes with Critical appraisal
In this episode of the St. Emlyn's podcast, Rick Body and Greg Yates delve into the concept of likelihood ratios, an advanced yet practical tool for diagnosing patients in the emergency department. Building on the previous episode about predictive values, they explain how likelihood ratios help compare the probability of test results between diseased and non-diseased patients. They provide examples, like evaluating chest pain and using the Smith Calculator for Anterior ST Elevation, to show how likelihood ratios can change clinical decision-making. Rick and Greg also discuss Bayesian reasoning and how pretest and post-test probabilities are used in practice. 00:00 Introduction to the Podcast 00:34 Understanding Likelihood Ratios 02:05 Practical Example: Chest Pain Case 03:53 Calculating Likelihood Ratios 07:17 Applying Bayesian Reasoning 09:50 Recap and Conclusion
Send us a textWelcome Back to Headfirst: A Concussion Podcast, Today, we have Dr. Joe Warne who is a leading authority in sports science, biomechanics, and physiology, specializing in the biomechanics of running and the role of footwear. With a wealth of hands-on experience in Strength and Conditioning, Dr. Warne has worked with elite athletes and teams, also serving as a high-performance coach and sports science consultant. Holding a PhD, his ground-breaking research has positioned him as a foremost expert on how footwear affects athletic performance and injury prevention. He has published extensively on these topics and delivered keynote addresses at major international conferences. Currently, Dr. Warne is a lecturer at Technological University Dublin, where he teaches research methods and sports science, and also directs the university's Sports Science Replication Center. Renowned for his rigorous, critical approach to research integrity, he brings this expertise to the topic of today's discussion. - How Dr Warne Come into The Field of Research (01:20)- Running and Super Shoes (03:15)- Research Methods, Philosophy and Critical Appraisal (4:40)- Exploratory & Confirmatory Research: Using Concussion as an Example (7:00)- Scientific Culture (08:34)- Sample Sizes in Research (12:08)- P Hacking (16:17)- Andrew Wakefield Example and Claims in Research (18:40)- Learning Process in Research and Peer Review Credibility (23:57)- Scoop Creep and Reviewing Process (29:00)- Research Units in Higher Education (30:30)- Assessing an Article (35:10)- When to extrapolate the research (38:00)- Dr Joe Warnes Vison and How to Support His Work (43:00) Sports Science Replication Centre: https://ssreplicationcentre.com/author/joe-warne/ Twitter/X: @joeWarne1 Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=jWwlBl4AAAAJ&hl=en
THE CRITICAL APPRAISAL | ReflectionsTuesday | Pastor Ayo Agunloye | January 7 2025 by GospelBells
In this episode of The AJN Podcast, lead authors Ellen Fineout-Overholt, PhD, RN, EBP-C, FNAP, FAAN, and Kerry A. Milner, APRN, FNP-BC, EBP-C, discuss the fourth article in the Evidence-Based Decision-Making (EBDM) series, “Critical Appraisal of Evidence for DNP-Prepared Nurses,” which highlights the importance of collaborating with a librarian to retrieve the necessary evidence for answering clinical questions. It also covers the initial 2 stages of the critical appraisal process: rapid critical appraisal and evaluation. The article can be found here: https://journals.lww.com/ajnonline/fulltext/2024/10000/critical_appraisal_of_evidence_for_dnp_prepared.22.aspx Find the entire collection of EBDM articles and a repository of helpful tools associated with this series here: https://journals.lww.com/ajnonline/pages/collectiondetails.aspx?TopicalCollectionId=60
Are you interested in the controversy between experimentation and projectification? Summary of the article titled Experimentation or projectification of urban change? A critical appraisal and three steps forward from 2021 by Jonas Torrens and Timo von Wirth, published in the Urban Transformations journal. This is a great preparation to our next interview with Frank Elavsky in episode 272 talking about the need for urban experimentations. Since we are investigating the future of cities, I thought it would be interesting to see urban experimentation outside of only project-thinking. This article proposes three steps to overcome the challenges of "projectification" to foster genuine urban change. As the most important things, I would like to highlight 3 aspects: Integrating experimental practices into routine urban processes can bridge the gap between short-term projects and lasting change. Urban experiments often fall into the trap of projectification, limiting their long-term impact. Cities need to adopt more open-ended, flexible approaches to experimentation that encourage deeper learning and transformation. You can find the article through this link. Abstract: Urban experimentation has proliferated in recent years as a response to sustainability challenges and renewed pressures on urban governance. In many European cities, diverse and rapidly changing experimental forms (e.g. urban living laboratories, pilots, trials, experimental districts) are becoming commonplace, addressing ambitious goals for smartness, circularity, and liveability. Academically, there is a growing concern for moving beyond the focus on individual experiments and the insistence on upscaling their primary transformation mechanism. However, the phenomena of ‘projectification' – whereby project-based forms of organising have become ubiquitous, shaping expectations about experimentation – is increasingly perceived as a barrier. Nevertheless, how specifically experimentation and projectification intersect remains unclear. Our theoretical perspective examines how the widespread tendency towards projectification shapes urban experimentation and the potential implications for urban transformations. It problematises the current wave of experimentation and how it contributes to the projectification of urban change processes. We present three steps to redress this issue and indicate directions for future research. Connecting episodes you might be interested in: No.165 - Interview with Michael Healy about smart city being the council's R&D department No.260 - Interview with Haydn Read about urban experiments You can find the transcript through this link. What wast the most interesting part for you? What questions did arise for you? Let me know on Twitter @WTF4Cities or on the wtf4cities.com website where the shownotes are also available. I hope this was an interesting episode for you and thanks for tuning in. Music by Lesfm from Pixabay
We discuss the teaching mission of the institutional church, its relation to the church's statements of faith, and what the institutional church must and may not teach about politics on several important points. We talk about the Reformed confessional view of submission to civil governance, the recent failure of some churches in the face of unlawful state dictates, the error of theonomic views, and how a biblically Reformed covenantal hermeneutic informs a correct view of general equity.https://reformedlibertarians.com/018Main Points of Discussion00:00 Introduction00:32 Episode description01:00 Why are we discussing this?02:15 What is the church's teaching mission?05:07 One way the Reformed confessions are part of the church's mission07:34 False teaching about submission to God-ordained civil governance13:43 Not a matter of political theory14:53 False teaching of original and so-called “general equity theonomy”19:28 Proper meaning of general equity24:30 The Reformed biblical covenantal hermeneutic30:39 Recap32:53 Disestablishmentarianism and Biblical criterion of proportional retributionAdditional Resources:What Does Romans 13 Say About Civil Government?https://reformedlibertarians.com/002Why Is The Right Of Resistance Important?https://reformedlibertarians.com/006Answers to Objections to Reformed Confessional View of Romans 13https://reformedlibertarians.com/episode/why-isnt-the-state-biblically-justified-resolving-romans-13-objections/Annotated bibliography of Reformed Political Resistance Theologyhttps://tinyurl.com/RefoPoliResistBibPaper and video presentation of “Theonomy, General Equity, and Libertarianism” by Jonathan McIntoshhttps://reformedlibertarians.com/theonomy-general-equity-and-libertarianism-by-jonathan-mcintoshExcerpt from “Men In Combat Over The Civil Law: ‘General Equity' in WCF 19.4” by Peter Wallace and Craig Troxelhttps://sites.google.com/view/general-equity/Lecture series on Reformed Covenant Theology in systematic, biblical, and practical perspectives by Lee Ironshttps://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwrDNUO5MDu9WPd6FaReLxZkaK7VO8plEVideo explaining the relations between the Abrahamic, Old Mosaic, and New Covenants, by Lee Ironshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z_ScAhK-s2s5 videos explaining the typological works principle in the Old Mosaic Covenant, by Lee Ironshttps://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwrDNUO5MDu-vEf9AeUSZt8UY53E7OYnFThe Westminster Confession of Faith (1788)https://opc.org/wcf.htmlThe Belgic Confession of Faith (1958)https://threeforms.org/the-belgic-confession/Resources on the false teaching of Theonomy- Meredith G. Kline's article on theocracyhttps://meredithkline.com/klines-works/articles-and-essays/the-relevance-of-the-theocracy/- Lee Irons' article on Theonomy's Dispensational Hermeneutichttps://www.the-highway.com/theonomy-hermeneutic_Irons.html- Lane Tipton's article on The Eschatology of Hebrews 2:1-4: A Critical Appraisal of the Theonomic Thesishttps://kerux.com/doc/1501A1.asp- T. David Gordon's article on Critique of Theonomy: a Taxonomyhttps://web.archive.org/web/20200718055717/http://tdgordon.net/theology/theonomy.pdfCan Christian Civil Government Be 'Theocratic'?https://reformedlibertarians.com/015“Against Civil Establishment Of Religion” by Gregory Baushttps://reformedlibertarians.com/against-civil-establishment-of-religion/The Reformed Libertarians Podcast is a project of the Libertarian Christian Institute: https://libertarianchristians.com and a member of the Christians for Liberty Network: https://christiansforliberty.netAudio Production by Podsworth Media - https://podsworth.com
In this St. Emlyn's podcast, Rick Body and Greg Yates, continue our exploration of diagnostic test accuracy, shifting our focus to positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). These concepts are vital for anyone preparing for exams or looking to enhance their application of diagnostic tests in clinical practice. While our last podcast discussion centred on sensitivity and specificity, PPV and NPV offer a different, arguably more clinically practical perspective on interpreting test results. Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) are essential tools for understanding the effectiveness of diagnostic tests. PPV helps us determine the likelihood that a patient with a positive test result actually has the condition, whereas NPV helps us gauge the probability that a patient with a negative test result does not have the disease. These values are crucial for making informed clinical decisions, particularly when considering the prevalence of a condition in the population. Today, we'll delve into these concepts, their practical applications, and why it's important to consider both PPV and NPV alongside sensitivity and specificity. You can find more about this on the St Emlyn's Blog and please don't forget to like and subscribe.
“Come with me if you want to live.” That iconic statement from Arnold Schwarzenegger in T2 couldn't be more true today; if you want to survive in the modern dermatology... The post Who Wore (or taught) It Better: A Critical Appraisal of AI Generated Answers to Patient Questions About Mohs Surgery. appeared first on JDDonline - Journal of Drugs in Dermatology.
Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Shard Theory - is it true for humans?, published by Rishika Bose on June 14, 2024 on The AI Alignment Forum. And is it a good model for value learning in AI? (Read on Substack: https://recursingreflections.substack.com/p/shard-theory-is-it-true-for-humans) TLDR Shard theory proposes a view of value formation where experiences lead to the creation of context-based 'shards' that determine behaviour. Here, we go over psychological and neuroscientific views of learning, and find that while shard theory's emphasis on context bears similarity to types of learning such as conditioning, it does not address top-down influences that may decrease the locality of value-learning in the brain. What's Shard Theory (and why do we care)? In 2022, Quintin Pope and Alex Turner posted ' The shard theory of human values', where they described their view of how experiences shape the value we place on things. They give an example of a baby who enjoys drinking juice, and eventually learns that grabbing at the juice pouch, moving around to find the juice pouch, and modelling where the juice pouch might be, are all helpful steps in order to get to its reward. 'Human values', they say, 'are not e.g. an incredibly complicated, genetically hard-coded set of drives, but rather sets of contextually activated heuristics…' And since, like humans, AI is often trained with reinforcement learning, the same might apply to AI. The original post is long (over 7,000 words) and dense, but Lawrence Chan helpfully posted a condensation of the topic in ' Shard Theory in Nine Theses: a Distillation and Critical Appraisal'. In it, he presents nine (as might be expected) main points of shard theory, ending with the last thesis: 'shard theory as a model of human values'. 'I'm personally not super well versed in neuroscience or psychology', he says, 'so I can't personally attest to [its] solidity…I'd be interested in hearing from experts in these fields on this topic.' And that's exactly what we're here to do. A Crash Course on Human Learning Types of learning What is learning? A baby comes into the world and is inundated with sensory information of all kinds. From then on, it must process this information, take whatever's useful, and store it somehow for future use. There's various places in the brain where this information is stored, and for various purposes. Looking at these various types of storage, or memory, can help us understand what's going on: 3 types of memory We often group memory types by the length of time we hold on to them - 'working memory' (while you do some task), 'short-term memory' (maybe a few days, unless you revise or are reminded), and 'long-term memory' (effectively forever). Let's take a closer look at long-term memory: Types of long-term memory We can broadly split long-term memory into 'declarative' and 'nondeclarative'. Declarative memory is stuff you can talk about (or 'declare'): what the capital of your country is, what you ate for lunch yesterday, what made you read this essay. Nondeclarative covers the rest: a grab-bag of memory types including knowing how to ride a bike, getting habituated to a scent you've been smelling all day, and being motivated to do things you were previously rewarded for (like drinking sweet juice). For most of this essay, we'll be focusing on the last type: conditioning. Types of conditioning Conditioning Sometime in the 1890s, a physiologist named Ivan Pavlov was researching salivation using dogs. He would feed the dogs with powdered meat, and insert a tube into the cheek of each dog to measure their saliva.As expected, the dogs salivated when the food was in front of them. Unexpectedly, the dogs also salivated when they heard the footsteps of his assistant (who brought them their food). Fascinated by this, Pavlov started to play a metronome whenever he ...
Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Shard Theory - is it true for humans?, published by ErisApprentice on June 14, 2024 on The AI Alignment Forum. And is it a good model for value learning in AI? (Read on Substack: https://recursingreflections.substack.com/p/shard-theory-is-it-true-for-humans) TLDR Shard theory proposes a view of value formation where experiences lead to the creation of context-based 'shards' that determine behaviour. Here, we go over psychological and neuroscientific views of learning, and find that while shard theory's emphasis on context bears similarity to types of learning such as conditioning, it does not address top-down influences that may decrease the locality of value-learning in the brain. What's Shard Theory (and why do we care)? In 2022, Quintin Pope and Alex Turner posted ' The shard theory of human values', where they described their view of how experiences shape the value we place on things. They give an example of a baby who enjoys drinking juice, and eventually learns that grabbing at the juice pouch, moving around to find the juice pouch, and modelling where the juice pouch might be, are all helpful steps in order to get to its reward. 'Human values', they say, 'are not e.g. an incredibly complicated, genetically hard-coded set of drives, but rather sets of contextually activated heuristics…' And since, like humans, AI is often trained with reinforcement learning, the same might apply to AI. The original post is long (over 7,000 words) and dense, but Lawrence Chan helpfully posted a condensation of the topic in ' Shard Theory in Nine Theses: a Distillation and Critical Appraisal'. In it, he presents nine (as might be expected) main points of shard theory, ending with the last thesis: 'shard theory as a model of human values'. 'I'm personally not super well versed in neuroscience or psychology', he says, 'so I can't personally attest to [its] solidity…I'd be interested in hearing from experts in these fields on this topic.' And that's exactly what we're here to do. A Crash Course on Human Learning Types of learning What is learning? A baby comes into the world and is inundated with sensory information of all kinds. From then on, it must process this information, take whatever's useful, and store it somehow for future use. There's various places in the brain where this information is stored, and for various purposes. Looking at these various types of storage, or memory, can help us understand what's going on: 3 types of memory We often group memory types by the length of time we hold on to them - 'working memory' (while you do some task), 'short-term memory' (maybe a few days, unless you revise or are reminded), and 'long-term memory' (effectively forever). Let's take a closer look at long-term memory: Types of long-term memory We can broadly split long-term memory into 'declarative' and 'nondeclarative'. Declarative memory is stuff you can talk about (or 'declare'): what the capital of your country is, what you ate for lunch yesterday, what made you read this essay. Nondeclarative covers the rest: a grab-bag of memory types including knowing how to ride a bike, getting habituated to a scent you've been smelling all day, and being motivated to do things you were previously rewarded for (like drinking sweet juice). For most of this essay, we'll be focusing on the last type: conditioning. Types of conditioning Conditioning Sometime in the 1890s, a physiologist named Ivan Pavlov was researching salivation using dogs. He would feed the dogs with powdered meat, and insert a tube into the cheek of each dog to measure their saliva.As expected, the dogs salivated when the food was in front of them. Unexpectedly, the dogs also salivated when they heard the footsteps of his assistant (who brought them their food). Fascinated by this, Pavlov started to play a metronome whenever h...
Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Shard Theory - is it true for humans?, published by Rishika on June 14, 2024 on LessWrong. And is it a good model for value learning in AI? TLDR Shard theory proposes a view of value formation where experiences lead to the creation of context-based 'shards' that determine behaviour. Here, we go over psychological and neuroscientific views of learning, and find that while shard theory's emphasis on context bears similarity to types of learning such as conditioning, it does not address top-down influences that may decrease the locality of value-learning in the brain. What's Shard Theory (and why do we care)? In 2022, Quintin Pope and Alex Turner posted ' The shard theory of human values', where they described their view of how experiences shape the value we place on things. They give an example of a baby who enjoys drinking juice, and eventually learns that grabbing at the juice pouch, moving around to find the juice pouch, and modelling where the juice pouch might be, are all helpful steps in order to get to its reward. 'Human values', they say, 'are not e.g. an incredibly complicated, genetically hard-coded set of drives, but rather sets of contextually activated heuristics…' And since, like humans, AI is often trained with reinforcement learning, the same might apply to AI. The original post is long (over 7,000 words) and dense, but Lawrence Chan helpfully posted a condensation of the topic in ' Shard Theory in Nine Theses: a Distillation and Critical Appraisal'. In it, he presents nine (as might be expected) main points of shard theory, ending with the last thesis: 'shard theory as a model of human values'. 'I'm personally not super well versed in neuroscience or psychology', he says, 'so I can't personally attest to [its] solidity…I'd be interested in hearing from experts in these fields on this topic.' And that's exactly what we're here to do. A Crash Course on Human Learning Types of learning What is learning? A baby comes into the world and is inundated with sensory information of all kinds. From then on, it must process this information, take whatever's useful, and store it somehow for future use. There's various places in the brain where this information is stored, and for various purposes. Looking at these various types of storage, or memory, can help us understand what's going on: 3 types of memory We often group memory types by the length of time we hold on to them - 'working memory' (while you do some task), 'short-term memory' (maybe a few days, unless you revise or are reminded), and 'long-term memory' (effectively forever). Let's take a closer look at long-term memory: Types of long-term memory We can broadly split long-term memory into 'declarative' and 'nondeclarative'. Declarative memory is stuff you can talk about (or 'declare'): what the capital of your country is, what you ate for lunch yesterday, what made you read this essay. Nondeclarative covers the rest: a grab-bag of memory types including knowing how to ride a bike, getting habituated to a scent you've been smelling all day, and being motivated to do things you were previously rewarded for (like drinking sweet juice). For most of this essay, we'll be focusing on the last type: conditioning. Types of conditioning Conditioning Sometime in the 1890s, a physiologist named Ivan Pavlov was researching salivation using dogs. He would feed the dogs with powdered meat, and insert a tube into the cheek of each dog to measure their saliva.As expected, the dogs salivated when the food was in front of them. Unexpectedly, the dogs also salivated when they heard the footsteps of his assistant (who brought them their food). Fascinated by this, Pavlov started to play a metronome whenever he gave the dogs their food. After a while, sure enough, the dogs would salivate whenever the metronome played, even if ...
Link to original articleWelcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Shard Theory - is it true for humans?, published by Rishika on June 14, 2024 on LessWrong. And is it a good model for value learning in AI? TLDR Shard theory proposes a view of value formation where experiences lead to the creation of context-based 'shards' that determine behaviour. Here, we go over psychological and neuroscientific views of learning, and find that while shard theory's emphasis on context bears similarity to types of learning such as conditioning, it does not address top-down influences that may decrease the locality of value-learning in the brain. What's Shard Theory (and why do we care)? In 2022, Quintin Pope and Alex Turner posted ' The shard theory of human values', where they described their view of how experiences shape the value we place on things. They give an example of a baby who enjoys drinking juice, and eventually learns that grabbing at the juice pouch, moving around to find the juice pouch, and modelling where the juice pouch might be, are all helpful steps in order to get to its reward. 'Human values', they say, 'are not e.g. an incredibly complicated, genetically hard-coded set of drives, but rather sets of contextually activated heuristics…' And since, like humans, AI is often trained with reinforcement learning, the same might apply to AI. The original post is long (over 7,000 words) and dense, but Lawrence Chan helpfully posted a condensation of the topic in ' Shard Theory in Nine Theses: a Distillation and Critical Appraisal'. In it, he presents nine (as might be expected) main points of shard theory, ending with the last thesis: 'shard theory as a model of human values'. 'I'm personally not super well versed in neuroscience or psychology', he says, 'so I can't personally attest to [its] solidity…I'd be interested in hearing from experts in these fields on this topic.' And that's exactly what we're here to do. A Crash Course on Human Learning Types of learning What is learning? A baby comes into the world and is inundated with sensory information of all kinds. From then on, it must process this information, take whatever's useful, and store it somehow for future use. There's various places in the brain where this information is stored, and for various purposes. Looking at these various types of storage, or memory, can help us understand what's going on: 3 types of memory We often group memory types by the length of time we hold on to them - 'working memory' (while you do some task), 'short-term memory' (maybe a few days, unless you revise or are reminded), and 'long-term memory' (effectively forever). Let's take a closer look at long-term memory: Types of long-term memory We can broadly split long-term memory into 'declarative' and 'nondeclarative'. Declarative memory is stuff you can talk about (or 'declare'): what the capital of your country is, what you ate for lunch yesterday, what made you read this essay. Nondeclarative covers the rest: a grab-bag of memory types including knowing how to ride a bike, getting habituated to a scent you've been smelling all day, and being motivated to do things you were previously rewarded for (like drinking sweet juice). For most of this essay, we'll be focusing on the last type: conditioning. Types of conditioning Conditioning Sometime in the 1890s, a physiologist named Ivan Pavlov was researching salivation using dogs. He would feed the dogs with powdered meat, and insert a tube into the cheek of each dog to measure their saliva.As expected, the dogs salivated when the food was in front of them. Unexpectedly, the dogs also salivated when they heard the footsteps of his assistant (who brought them their food). Fascinated by this, Pavlov started to play a metronome whenever he gave the dogs their food. After a while, sure enough, the dogs would salivate whenever the metronome played, even if ...
Critical Appraisal - My 2 hour ASCO lecture - Day 2 version by Plenary Session
Dr Mark Horowitz joins Dr Ron Ehrlich to explore the world of mental health and antidepressants, uncovering alarming statistics, debunking common myths, and discussing the challenges of withdrawal. Dr. Horowitz shares his personal journey and professional insights, advocating for a holistic and personalised approach to mental health care. Tune in for a compelling discussion that challenges conventional wisdom and promotes a deeper understanding of mental health. ---- Shownotes are available at Dr Mark Horowitz: Antidepressants - A Critical Appraisal ---- Join the Unstress Health Community & Transform Your Life! https://bit.ly/3SRq0gg Connect with Dr Ron at Unstress Health Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/unstresshealth/ Facebook: https://fb.me/unstresshealth Email: admin@unstresshealth.com DISCLAIMER: This podcast provides general information and discussion about medicine, health and related subjects. This content is not intended and should not be construed as medical advice or as a substitute for care by a qualified medical practitioner. If you or any other person has a medical concern, he or she should consult with an appropriately qualified medical practitioner. Guests who speak in this podcast express their own opinions, experiences and conclusions. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Although new therapies are being discovered all the time (medical progress), current research shows that many of these advances are ultimately demonstrated to be false in subsequent studies. In order to understand which discoveries are likely to be true progress vs. mere hype, every clinician should understand these basic but surprising aspects of scientific evidence before recommending a new therapy for a patient. We will explore the concepts of the fragility (Fragility Index), flaws (Critical Appraisal), and fallacy (Ioannidis Equation) in this lecture. Session recorded on Thursday, November 9th, 2023 at Session Block 1 at 3:45pm EST; speaker: Burton Lee Session webpage: https://www.medicalmissions.com/events/gmhc-2023/sessions/separating-progress-from-hype-in-medicine-fragility-flaws-fallacy-in-scientific-evidence
Update Series (2023) Lesson 33: A Critical Appraisal of the 2021 AUA/SUFU Guideline on Adult Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Now in its 42nd installment, the AUA Update Series is renowned for delivering high-quality lessons to practicing urologists, fellows and residents. All content is developed by internationally recognized experts in urology, making the AUA Update Series the most professional and sought-after self-study program available. Improve your practice and patient care by staying abreast of the latest treatments and surgical techniques in urology. For more information, please visit the AUA Update Series on the AUAUniversity: auau.auanet.org/update23
Bas van Hooren is a sport scientist, sport science consultant, and a runner with multiple national championship medals. In this interview we discuss a number of topics Bas has researched, including practical applications of these findings. IN THIS EPISODE YOU'LL LEARN ABOUT: -Are cool-downs necessary? -Is there a physiological or biomechanical difference between treadmill and outdoor running? -What do we know about the physiology and training characteristics of the best older athletes in the world (70+)? -Are there "sensitive periods" and what are the issues with the Long-Term Athlete Development model? -Strength and conditioning science and application for runners and endurance athletes -Devices and technology SHOWNOTES: https://scientifictriathlon.com/tts411/ SCIENTIFIC TRIATHLON AND THAT TRIATHLON SHOW WEBPAGE: www.scientifictriathlon.com/podcast/ SPONSORS: FORM Smart Swim Goggles give you unprecedented real-time feedback in your swim training through a display on the goggle lens. See every split to stay on pace, track your stroke rate and don't let it drop, use heart rate to become more scientific and precise with your training (through integration with Polar HR monitors) and analyse more in-depth metrics post-swim in the app. You can also use a vast library of workouts or training plans, or build your own guided workouts. Get 15% off the goggles with the code TTS15 on formswim.com/tts. ZEN8 - The ZEN8 Indoor Swim Trainer is a unique Dryland Swim Trainer that allows you to improve technique, power, and swim training consistency. With the trainer you can do specific power and technique work, including working on your catch and core activation, and it helps you stay consistent even if you don't have much time to train. You can try the Zen8 risk-free for up to 30 days, and you can get 20% off your first order on zen8swimtrainer.com/tts. LINKS AND RESOURCES: Bas' Twitter, website and Research Gate Do We Need a Cool-Down After Exercise? A Narrative Review of the Psychophysiological Effects and the Effects on Performance, Injuries and the Long-Term Adaptive Response - van Hooren & Peake 2018 A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Crossover Studies Comparing Physiological, Perceptual and Performance Measures Between Treadmill and Overground Running - Miller et al. 2019 Is Motorized Treadmill Running Biomechanically Comparable to Overground Running? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Over Studies - van Hooren et al. 2020 Mechanical Properties of Treadmill Surfaces Compared to Other Overground Sport Surfaces - Colino et al. 2020 Physiological, Spatiotemporal, Anthropometric, Training, and Performance Characteristics of a 75-Year-Old Multiple World Record Holder Middle-Distance Runner - van Hooren et al. 2022 A physiological comparison of the new—over 70 years of age—marathon record holder and his predecessor: A case report - van Hooren & Lepers 2023 Sensitive Periods to Train General Motor Abilities in Children and Adolescents: Do They Exist? A Critical Appraisal - van Hooren & De Ste Croix 2020 The Effects of Set Structure Manipulation on Chronic Adaptations to Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - Jukic et al. 2021 Running: Biomechanics and Exercise Physiology in Practice - book by Frans Bosch RATE AND REVIEW: If you enjoy the show, please help me out by subscribing, rating and reviewing: www.scientifictriathlon.com/rate/ CONTACT: Want to send feedback, questions or just chat? Email me at mikael@scientifictriathlon.com or connect on Instagram, Facebook, or Twitter.
In this episode we're talking to researcher Hanna Pfeifer about the role of Islamism in the global order. Hanna Pfeifer is Professor of political science with a focus on radicalisation and violence research at the Department of Social Sciences, which is funded by the Johannah Quandt Jubilee Fund. She is also the head of the research group "Terrorism" at the Peace Research Institute in Frankfurt. Hanna studied political science in Munich and Paris and completed her doctorate at Helmut Schmidt University in Hamburg. She completed her post-doc at the University of Cambridge. Hanna's research focuses on Islam and Islamism in the global order. Shownotes: https://www.hsfk.de/en/staff/employees/hanna-pfeifer Politicising the Rebel Governance Paradigm. Critical Appraisal and Expansion of a Research Agenda | 2023 Pfeifer, Hanna / Schwab, Regine (2023): Politicising the Rebel Governance Paradigm. Critical Appraisal and Expansion of a Research Agenda. Introduction to the Special Issue, in: Small Wars and Insurgencies, 34:1, 1–23, DOI: 10.1080/09592318.2022.2144000. The Politics of Recognition, Armed Non-State Actors, and Conflict Transformation | 2022 Pfeifer, Hanna / Geis, Anna / Clément, Maéva (2022): The Politics of Recognition, Armed Non-State Actors, and Conflict Transformation, PRIF Report 4/2022, DOI: 10.48809/prifrep2204. Recognition dynamics and Lebanese Hezbollah's role in regional conflicts | 2021 Pfeifer, Hanna (2021): Recognition dynamics and Lebanese Hezbollah's role in regional conflicts, in: Geis, Anna/Clément, Maéva/Pfeifer, Hanna (eds), Armed non-state actors and the politics of recognition, Manchester: Manchester University Press, https://www.manchesterhive.com/view/9781526152763/9781526152763.00018.xml . Recognising armed non-state actors: Risks and opportunities for conflict transformation | 2021 Geis, Anna / Clément, Maéva / Pfeifer, Hanna (2021): Recognising armed non-state actors: Risks and opportunities for conflict transformation, in: Geis, Anna/Clément, Maéva/Pfeifer, Hanna (eds), Armed non-state actors and the politics of recognition, Manchester: Manchester University Press, https://www.manchesterhive.com/view/9781526152763/9781526152763.00009.xml . Who are these “Islamists” everyone talks about?! Why academic struggles over words matter | 2020 Pfeifer, Hanna / Schwab, Regine / Süß, Clara-Auguste (2020): Who are these “Islamists” everyone talks about?! Why academic struggles over words matter , PRIF Blog, 3.12.2020. The Normative Power of Secularism. Tunisian Ennahda's Discourse on Religion, Politics, and the State (2011-2016) | 2019 Pfeifer, Hanna (2019): The Normative Power of Secularism. Tunisian Ennahda's Discourse on Religion, Politics, and the State (2011-2016), in: Politics and Religion, 12:3, 478–500, DOI: 10.1017/S1755048319000075 . Once Upon a Time. Western Genres and Narrative Constructions of a Romantic Jihad | 2019 Pfeifer, Hanna / Spencer, Alexander (2019): Once Upon a Time. Western Genres and Narrative Constructions of a Romantic Jihad, in: Journal of Language and Politics, 18:1, 21–39, DOI: 10.1075/jlp.18005.spe Discursive Struggles over World Order | 2017 Pfeifer, Hanna (2017): Discursive Struggles over World Order. Exploring Encounters between Islamists and the West, Hamburg: Helmut Schmidt University (PhD Thesis).
In this conversation, Daniel Belkin and Mitch Belkin interview Andrew Foy, MD, about evidence-based medicine, applying Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy (GDMT) to hospitalized patients, and evaluating aggressive versus conservative blood pressure goals in patients with comorbitidies. They discuss Dr. Foy's article on Hayek, critical appraisal of the medical literature, medical conservatism, and his skepticism around Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography as compared to Functional Stress Testing in patients with coronary artery disease. Finally, they touch on alternative visions of medical practice, content expertise in COVID, as well as statins as a potential cause of diabetes.Who is Parker Rogers?Andrew Foy, MD is a cardiologist and Associate Professor of Medicine and Public Health Sciences at Penn State College of Medicine. His research interests include management of emergency department patients with low-risk chest pain, management of patients with benign and renovascular hypertension, as well as unnecessary and overly-aggressive medical care. Support the showFollow us at @ExMedPod Subscribe to our Youtube channelConsider supporting us on Patreon
Long term listeners to the St Emlyn's podcast may remember our series entitled ‘Critical Appraisal Nuggets' (CANs). We are absolutely delighted to reinvigorate this project under the leadership of Professor Rick Body, with the episode on semi structured interviews. In this easily digestible and succinct podcast Rick and Laura Howard go through the pros and cons of setting up semi structured interviews and how these can be used effectively in qualitative research. In the latest episode, we cover a qualitative research technique: semi-structured interviews. Qualitative research might be out of your comfort zone: we're generally more comfortable with quantitative measures – numbers and statistics. It's something they have experience with, having previously published a paper exploring the impact of events that happen at work on the wellbeing of emergency physicians. This was a labour of love for Laura. Laura wrote a powerful blog about it here. Semi-structured interviews are a great way to get the really rich data we need to understand something in greater depth. They allow us to ask ‘why?' as well as just ‘what?', ‘who?' and ‘when?'. But reading qualitative research papers can be difficult when it takes us out of our comfort zone. In this CAN podcast, Laura and Rick take us through what semi-structured interviews are, why we might use them, how you design and conduct them, and they also have some pearls of wisdom about how to make transcribing them a lot less painful. By the end, we hope that you'll feel confident with the basics of the technique. And if you want to practice your critical appraisal, why not put their study under the microscope?
Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Shard Theory in Nine Theses: a Distillation and Critical Appraisal, published by LawrenceC on December 19, 2022 on LessWrong. TL;DR: Shard theory is a new research program started by Quintin Pope and Alex Turner. Existing introductions tend to be relatively long winded and aimed at an introductory audience. Here, I outline what I think are the nine main theses of shard theory, so as to give a more concrete introduction and critique. Acknowledgements: Thanks to Thomas Kwa for the conversation that inspired this post. Thanks also to Alex Turner for several conversations about shard theory and Charles Foster and Teun Van Der Weij for substantial feedback on this writeup. Epistemic status: As I'm not a member of Team Shard, I'm probably misrepresenting Team Shard's beliefs in a few places here. Introduction Shard theory is a research program that aims to build a mechanistic model between training signals and learned values in agents. Drawing large amounts of inspiration from particular hypotheses about the human reward learning system, shard theory posits that the values of agents are best understood as sets of contextually activated heuristics shaped by the reward function. In this post, I'll attempt to outline nine of the main theses of shard theory, as of late 2022. I'll explain the novelty of each thesis, how it constrains expectations, and then give my opinions and suggest some few experiments that could be done to test the theses. Existing explainers of shard theory tend to be aimed at a relatively introductory audience and thus are relatively verbose. By default, I'll be addressing this post to someone with a decent amount of AI/ML research background, so I'll often explain things with reference to AI/ML terminology or with examples from deep learning. This post is aimed primarily at explaining what I see as the core claims, as opposed to justifying them; any missing justifications should not be attributed to failures of Team Shard. It's also worth noting that shard theory is an ongoing research program and not a battle-tested scientific theory, so many of these claims are likely to be revised or clarified over time. Related work Alex Turner's Reward is not the optimization target is probably the first real “shard theory” post. The post argues that, by default, the learned behavior of an RL agent is not well understood as maximizing reward. Instead, the post argues that we should try to study how reward signals lead to value formation in more detail. He uses a similar argument to argue against the traditional inner and outer alignment split in Inner and outer alignment decompose one hard problem into two extremely hard problems. David Udell's Shard Theory: An Overview first introduces the shard theory research program, as well as the terminology and core claims of shard theory. Turner and Pope's The shard theory of human values applies the shard theory to human value formation. It outlines three assumptions that the shard theory of human values makes regarding humans (the cortex is randomly initialized, the brain does self-supervised learning, and the brain does reinforcement learning). Other posts flesh out parts of the shard theory of human values (e.g. “Human value and biases are inaccessible to the genome”) and justify the use of human values as a case study for alignment. (“Humans provide an untapped wealth of evidence about alignment”, “Evolution is a bad analogy for AGI”.) Geoffrey Miller's The heritability of human values: A behavior genetic critique of Shard Theory argues that the high heritability of many kinds of human values contradicts the core claims of shard theory. Thomas Kwa's Failure modes in a shard theory alignment plan gives definitions for many of the key terms of shard theory and outlines a possible shard theory alignment plan, before raisin...
Link to original articleWelcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Shard Theory in Nine Theses: a Distillation and Critical Appraisal, published by LawrenceC on December 19, 2022 on LessWrong. TL;DR: Shard theory is a new research program started by Quintin Pope and Alex Turner. Existing introductions tend to be relatively long winded and aimed at an introductory audience. Here, I outline what I think are the nine main theses of shard theory, so as to give a more concrete introduction and critique. Acknowledgements: Thanks to Thomas Kwa for the conversation that inspired this post. Thanks also to Alex Turner for several conversations about shard theory and Charles Foster and Teun Van Der Weij for substantial feedback on this writeup. Epistemic status: As I'm not a member of Team Shard, I'm probably misrepresenting Team Shard's beliefs in a few places here. Introduction Shard theory is a research program that aims to build a mechanistic model between training signals and learned values in agents. Drawing large amounts of inspiration from particular hypotheses about the human reward learning system, shard theory posits that the values of agents are best understood as sets of contextually activated heuristics shaped by the reward function. In this post, I'll attempt to outline nine of the main theses of shard theory, as of late 2022. I'll explain the novelty of each thesis, how it constrains expectations, and then give my opinions and suggest some few experiments that could be done to test the theses. Existing explainers of shard theory tend to be aimed at a relatively introductory audience and thus are relatively verbose. By default, I'll be addressing this post to someone with a decent amount of AI/ML research background, so I'll often explain things with reference to AI/ML terminology or with examples from deep learning. This post is aimed primarily at explaining what I see as the core claims, as opposed to justifying them; any missing justifications should not be attributed to failures of Team Shard. It's also worth noting that shard theory is an ongoing research program and not a battle-tested scientific theory, so many of these claims are likely to be revised or clarified over time. Related work Alex Turner's Reward is not the optimization target is probably the first real “shard theory” post. The post argues that, by default, the learned behavior of an RL agent is not well understood as maximizing reward. Instead, the post argues that we should try to study how reward signals lead to value formation in more detail. He uses a similar argument to argue against the traditional inner and outer alignment split in Inner and outer alignment decompose one hard problem into two extremely hard problems. David Udell's Shard Theory: An Overview first introduces the shard theory research program, as well as the terminology and core claims of shard theory. Turner and Pope's The shard theory of human values applies the shard theory to human value formation. It outlines three assumptions that the shard theory of human values makes regarding humans (the cortex is randomly initialized, the brain does self-supervised learning, and the brain does reinforcement learning). Other posts flesh out parts of the shard theory of human values (e.g. “Human value and biases are inaccessible to the genome”) and justify the use of human values as a case study for alignment. (“Humans provide an untapped wealth of evidence about alignment”, “Evolution is a bad analogy for AGI”.) Geoffrey Miller's The heritability of human values: A behavior genetic critique of Shard Theory argues that the high heritability of many kinds of human values contradicts the core claims of shard theory. Thomas Kwa's Failure modes in a shard theory alignment plan gives definitions for many of the key terms of shard theory and outlines a possible shard theory alignment plan, before raisin...
On today's episode, we chat with Dr. Sheldon Cheskes, principal investigator of the landmark DOSE VF trial. In this study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, Dr. Cheskes and his team wanted to evaluate DSED and VC defibrillation as compared with standard defibrillation in patients who remain in refractory ventricular fibrillation during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. In this episode, we walk through the study design, methodology, results, and perhaps most importantly, critically appraise the study to see how it works in the real world! Timestamps: 02:48: Dr. Cheskes Intro 06:15: Study Intro 16:45: Patients 18:18: Intervention – Vector Change 25:45: Intervention – DSED 37:12: Comparison/Outcome 40:23: Results 54:15: Critical Appraisal
Missing novel Covid treatments and cutting edge pharma tech? Well, don't worry because Evusheld is the newish monoclonal antibody thing that might be useful as a prophylactic treatment for those people for whom vaccines don't work. But how do we know what do we know, what don't we know, and how can we make this all comprehensible if someone asks us about it?
Psychedelics as a potential treatment for depression is an irresistible topic in the mainstream press, but what is the evidence base for their use? In this podcast, psychiatrist and journal Digital Editor Dr. Julia Ann Koretski (of Mass General Brigham Newton-Wellesley Hospital) leads Dr. Ishrat Husain and Dr. Richard Balon through an illuminating discussion of where we stand in clinical trials research and the important limitations of current findings. Dr. Husain is the senior author of “A Critical Appraisal of Evidence on the Efficacy and Safety of Serotonergic Psychedelic Drugs as Emerging Antidepressants: Mind the Evidence Gap” in the November-December 2022 issue of the journal (Volume 42, Issue 6). He is a psychiatrist and researcher at the Center for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto. Dr. Balon, Associate Editor of the journal and psychiatrist at Wayne State University in Detroit, is author of the accompanying editorial, “Are Magic Mushrooms Really Magic? Psilocybin in the Treatment of Depression.”
In this episode, Ian discusses the importance of understanding research design and analysis to accurately determine the efficacy of research findings, as well as the frequency with which most research findings are demonstrably proven 'false' over time, according to researchers at Stanford. Additionally, he discusses the impact of clinical scholars understanding how to piece together methodological designs while reading wide swaths of clinical literature and how it makes their critical appraisal skills better.
Today's rabies prophylaxis is almost 100% effective at preventing human death from the bite of a rabid animal. How did people come to understand rabies, and then develop a vaccination for it? Research: Etymologia: Rabies. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2012 Jul [date cited]. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1807.ET1807 Velasco-Villa, Andres et al. “The history of rabies in the Western Hemisphere.” Antiviral research vol. 146 (2017): 221-232. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.03.013 Pearce JLouis Pasteur and Rabies: a brief noteJournal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2002;73:82. Wendt, Diane. “Surviving rabies 100 years ago.” National Museum of American History. 10/28/2013. https://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/2013/10/surviving-rabies-100-years-ago.html Blancou, Jean. “The Evolution of Rabies Epidemiology in Wildlife.” Director General, Office International des Épizooties. https://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/sites/g/files/dgvnsk491/files/inline-files/EVOLUTION_RABIES_EPIDEMIOLOGY_WILDLIFE.pdf Lite, Jordan. “Medical Mystery: Only One Person Has Survived Rabies without Vaccine--But How?.” Scientific American. 10/8/2008. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/jeanna-giese-rabies-survivor/ Zeiler, Frederick A., and Alan C. Jackson. “Critical Appraisal of the Milwaukee Protocol for Rabies: This Failed Approach Should Be Abandoned.” Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques, vol. 43, no. 1, 2016, pp. 44–51., doi:10.1017/cjn.2015.331. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. “Mass Treatment of Humans Exposed to Rabies -- New Hampshire, 1994.” 7/7/1995. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038110.htm Ledesma, Leandro Augusto et al. “Comparing clinical protocols for the treatment of human rabies: the Milwaukee protocol and the Brazilian protocol (Recife).” Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical vol. 53 e20200352. 6 Nov. 2020, doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0352-2020 Braus, Patricia. "Rabies." The Gale Encyclopedia of Science, edited by Katherine H. Nemeh and Jacqueline L. Longe, 6th ed., vol. 6, Gale, 2021, pp. 3671-3673. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX8124402043/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=fb022ca3. Accessed 13 Apr. 2022. Gelfand, Toby. “11 January 1887, the Day Medicine Changed: Joseph Grancher's Defense of Pasteur's Treatment for Rabies.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Volume 76, Number 4, Winter 2002, pp. 698-718 (Article). Published by Johns Hopkins University Press https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2002.0176 Nadal, Deborah. “A Child, A Dog, A Virus and an Anthropologist.” Practicing Anthropology, Fall 2016, Vol. 38, No. 4. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26539805 Botting, Jack H. “Rabies.” From Animals and Medicine: The Contribution of Animal Experiments to the Control of Disease. Open Book Publishers. (2015). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt15m7ng5.7 Baer, George M. “The History of Rabies.” From Rabies: Second Edition. Edited by Alan C. Jackson and William H. Wunner. 2007. Jackson, Alan C. “History of Rabies Research.” From: Rabies: Scientific Basis of the Disease and Its Management. Third Edition. 2013. Hansen, Bert. “America's First Medical Breakthrough: How Popular Excitement about a French Rabies Cure in 1885 Raised New Expectations for Medical Progress.” The American Historical Review , Apr., 1998, Vol. 103, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2649773 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.
Originally from Chicago, Ill, George L. Jackson grew up in California. In 1961, a young Jackson convicted of armed robbery for allegedly stealing $70 from a gas station. Outrageously, Jackson was sentenced to one year to life, despite assurances from his attorney of a favorable deal if he plead guilty. Jackson would experience the racist injustice of the U.S. system at the height of the global liberation movements of the era, which couldn't help but bleed into the rapidly expanding U.S. prison system. Jackson's political radicalization and activism did not occur until he was imprisoned, which was not uncommon. In A People's History of the United States, Howard Zinn comments that, “there had always been political prisoners—people sent to jail for belonging to radical movements, for opposing war. But now a new kind of political prisoner appeared, the person convicted of an ordinary crime, who, in prison, became awakened politically” Read the full article here: https://www.liberationschool.org/george-jackson-blood-in-my-eye/
Does the environmentalist motto, ‘Think Globally, Act Locally', point us towards sustainable food systems' solutions? In this episode, Dr. Navin Ramankutty from UBC and Ken Meter from the Crossroads Resource Center in Minneapolis explore whether locally produced foods, provided by small-scale farmers, are inherently more sustainable than that which comes from larger producers many miles away. The discussion suggests that scale and proximity are not necessarily correlated with better environmental performance across the board, but that there are still good reasons for building strong food systems at the community level, and ensuring that small scale farmers can earn a sustainable livelihood.
Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: human psycholinguists: a critical appraisal, published by nostalgebraist on the LessWrong. (The title of this post is a joking homage to one of Gary Marcus' papers.) I've discussed GPT-2 and BERT and other instances of the Transformer architecture a lot on this blog. As you can probably tell, I find them very interesting and exciting. But not everyone has the reaction I do, including some people who I think ought to have that reaction. Whatever else GPT-2 and friends may or may not be, I think they are clearly a source of fascinating and novel scientific evidence about language and the mind. That much, I think, should be uncontroversial. But it isn't. (i.) When I was a teenager, I went through a period where I was very interested in cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics. I first got interested via Steven Pinker's popular books – this was back when Pinker was mostly famous for writing about psychology rather than history and culture – and proceeded to read other, more academic books by authors like Gary Marcus, Jerry Fodor, and John Anderson. At this time (roughly 2002-6), there was nothing out there that remotely resembled GPT-2. Although there were apparently quite mature and complete formal theories of morphology and syntax, which could accurately answer questions like “is this a well-formed English sentence?”, no one really knew how these could or should be implemented in a physical system meant to understand or produce language. This was true in two ways. For one thing, no one knew how the human brain implemented this stuff, although apparently it did. But the difficulty was more severe than that: even if you forgot about the brain, and just tried to write a computer program (any computer program) that understood or produced language, the results would be dismal. At the time, such programs were either specialized academic models of one specific phenomenon – for example, a program that could form the past tense of a verb, but couldn't do anything else – or they were ostensibly general-purpose but incredibly brittle and error-prone, little more than amusing toys. The latter category included some programs intended as mere amusements or provocations, like the various chatterbots (still about as good/bad as ELIZA after four decades), but also more serious efforts whose reach exceeded their grasp. SYSTRAN spent decades manually curating millions of morphosyntactic and semantic facts for enterprise-grade machine translation; you may remember the results in the form of the good old Babel Fish website, infamous for its hilariously inept translations. This was all kind of surprising, given that the mature formal theories were right there, ready to be programmed into rule-following machines. What was going on? The impression I came away with, reading about this stuff as a teenager, was of language as a fascinating and daunting enigma, simultaneously rule-based and rife with endless special cases that stacked upon one another. It was formalism, Jim, but not as we knew it; it was a magic interleaving of regular and irregular phenomena, arising out of the distinctive computational properties of some not-yet-understood subset of brain architecture, which the models of academics and hackers could crudely imitate but not really grok. We did not have the right “language” to talk about language the way our own brains did, internally. (ii.) The books I read, back then, talked a lot about this thing called “connectionism.” This used to be a big academic debate, with people arguing for and against “connectionism.” You don't hear that term much these days, because the debate has been replaced by a superficially similar but actually very different debate over “deep learning,” in which what used to be good arguments about “connectionism” are repeated in cruder form as bad arguments...
Royal College of Emergency Medicine (RCEM) bu yılın (2021) ortalarında acil tıp eğitim müfredatını güncelledi. Bu müfredatta ilginç bulduğum bazı noktalara değinmek ve Türkiye'deki acil tıp müfredatına yapılabilecek katkıları tartışmaya açabilmek ümidiyle bu yazıyı yazmak istedim. İki sistemin de içinde bulunmuş biri olarak faydalı olacağını düşündüğüm farklılıkların altını çizmek istiyorum. Yazıda karşılaştırdığım müfredatlara bağlantılardan ulaşabilirsiniz: Acil Tıp Uzmanlık Eğitimi Çekirdek Müfredatı v.2.4 (2019) Royal College of Emergency Medicine curriculum Uzmanlık Öğrencisinin Değerlendirilmesi Öncelikle bir uzmanlık öğrencisinin nasıl değerlendirildiğine değinelim. Her yıl için önceden belirlenmiş eğitim hedefleri mevcut. Bunlara ulaştığını kanıtlamak için uzmanlık öğrencisi karşılaştığı bir vaka hakkında bir uzmana elektronik portfolyo üzerinden bir değerlendirme belgesi yolluyor. Buna work based assessment (WBA) deniyor. WBA'lar bir girişimsel işlemin direkt değerlendirilmesi, kısa vaka tartışması, uzun vaka tartışması gibi farklı tiplerde, ve bunların hangisinden ne kadar yapılması gerektiği yılın başında belli. Bunun yanında ilk 3 yıl bitmeden ve uzmanlık seviyesine gelmeden verilmesi gereken merkezi sınavlar da var. Her yıl sonunda, başta belirlenmiş amaçlar doğrultusunda yapılan WBA'lar ve gerekli sınavlardaki başarılar, katılınan kurslar (kısaca o yıl boyunca yapılan her şey), yerel bir kurul tarafından birlikte değerlendirilerek öğrencinin bir sonraki yıla geçecek bilgi ve birikimi elde edip etmediğine karar veriliyor. Bu sürecin adı Annual Review of Competency Progression (ARCP, Gelişimin Yıllık Değerlendirilmesi olarak tercüme edilebilir). Müfredatta neler güncellendi Eski RCEM müfredatı klinik yeterliklerin daha ön planda olduğu klasik bir eğitim modeli üzerine kurulmuştu. Buna rağmen Türkiye'deki müfredatta pek ön plana çıkmayan klinik bilgi ve yeteneklerin dışında kalan konuları çeşitli sınavlar ve uzman/hoca değerlendirmeleri ile ölçüyorlardı. (Critical Appraisal sınavı ile makale okuma ve yorumlama, Management Long Cases sınavı ile acil servisin yönetimi gibi) Yeni müfredat klinik ve klinik dışı konuları başarılı-başarısız şekilde iki uçlu bir olarak değerlendirmek yerine, reflektif pratik (Reflective practice) konseptini ön plana çıkartıp gelişimi gözlemleyen bir tarzda belgelemeyi amaçlıyor. Bunu biraz açmak gerekirse, öğrenciden kendi performansını değerlendirmesi, bir vakadan neler öğrendiği, eksiklerini nasıl giderebileceği veya neyi iyi yaptığı gibi noktaları yorumlaması bekleniyor. Bu konularda yazdığı bir değerlendirme yazısını elektronik portfolyosuna WBA ile birlikte kaydediyor. RCEM müfredattında Specialist Learning Outcomes (SLO) kavramı yeni getirilen bir kavram. Burada uzmanlık eğitimi boyunca edinilmesi gereken tecrübe, beceri ve bilginin birleştirilerek bir sonuç olarak tanımlandığını görüyoruz. Türkçeye Uzmanlıkta Öğrenme Amaçları gibi çevirebiliriz belki. SLO ile kastedilen şey eğitim dönemi sonunda tek başına karar verebilen ve danışılan hastalara en uygun şekilde yön verebilecek yetkinlik seviyesi. Specialty Learning Outcomes 1) Fizyolojik olarak stabil erişkin hastaların tüm zorluk seviyelerindeki akut bakımıCare for physiologically stable adult patients presenting to acute care across the full range of complexity 2) Acil serviste klinik soruları yanıtlama ve güvenli karar vermeSupport the ED team by answering clinical questions and making safe decisions 3) Kritik durumdaki erişkin hastaların tanınması, resüsitasyonu ve stabilizasyonu, müdahaleyi ne zaman sonlandıracağını bilmeIdentify sick adult patients, be able to resuscitate and stabilise and know when it is appropriate to stop 4) Tüm zorluk seviyelerindeki travma hastalarının bakımıCare for injured patients across the full range of complexity 5) Tüm yaşlardaki, gelişme düzeylerindeki ve karmaşık ihtiyaç sahibi olan çocuk hastaların bakımıCare for children of all ag...
Have you ever really considered the actual meaning that word "normal" in the context of teaching anatomy and physiology? Is it even meaningful at all? We explore that in the context of human body temperature in Episode 101. And I give some practical tips as we continue our conversation about my open, online, randomized testing scheme. 0:00:00 | Introduction 0:00:47 | What Does Normal Mean? 0:08:32 | Sponsored by AAA 0:10:01 | What is Normal Body Temperature? 0:27:21| Sponsored by HAPI 0:29:13 | In Our Last Episode... 0:32:20 | Sponsored by HAPS 0:33:35 | Practical Tips on Testing 0:52:39 | What About Lab Practicals? 1:01:31 | Staying Connected ★ If you cannot see or activate the audio player, go to: theAPprofessor.org/podcast-episode-101.html
August 2, 2021 JEFFREY D. JOHNSON, Founder of Free Grace Press & Pastor of Grace Bible Church in Conway, AR, home of the Grace Bible Institute, who will address: “The FAILURE of NATURAL THEOLOGY: A Critical Appraisal of the Philosophical Theology of THOMAS AQUINAS” Subscribe: iTunes TuneIn Android RSS Feed Listen:
Key references for this episode are: Brossard, Dominique, and Bruce Lewenstein. “A Critical Appraisal of Models of Public Understanding of Science: Using Practice to Inform Theory.” In Communicating Science: New Agendas in Communication, 11–39, 2010. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203867631. Kahan, Dan M., Asheley Landrum, Katie Carpenter, Laura Helft, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. “Science Curiosity and Political Information Processing.” Political Psychology 38 (February 1, 2017): 179–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12396. Pew Research Center's Journalism Project. “How Americans Get Science News and Information,” September 20, 2017. https://www.journalism.org/2017/09/20/science-news-and-information-today/. Music provided by CommercialMusic in Funk Groove
For Língua Inglesa Oral IV.
Can you do critical appraisal of published articles, if you've only got access to newspaper coverage and the abstract? It's not ideal, but it's often what you've got, and you can probably do more than you think.
Season five of our podcast continues with another presentation from our 2020 annual conference: ‘Engaged Phenomenology’ Online. This episode features Lewis Coyne, University of Exeter. ABSTRACT: In recent years the phenomenological approach to bioethics has been rejuvenated and reformulated by, amongst others, the Swedish philosopher Fredrik Svenaeus. Building on the now-relatively mainstream phenomenological approach to health and illness, Svenaeus has sought to bring phenomenological insights to bear on the bioethical enterprise, with a view to critiquing and refining the ‘philosophical anthropology’ presupposed by the latter. In this talk I will offer a critical but sympathetic analysis of Svenaeus’ efforts, focusing on both his conception of the aims of phenomenological bioethics and the broadly Heideggerian methods he employs. Doing so reveals certain problems with both. I argue that the main aim of phenomenological bioethics as set out by Svenaeus needs to be reformulated, and that there are important oversights in his Heideggerian approach to reaching this end. I will conclude by arguing that to overcome the latter problem we should draw on the works of Max Scheler and Hans Jonas in future research. BIO: I am an associate lecturer and honorary research fellow in philosophy at the University of Exeter, working at the intersection of existential phenomenology, practical ethics, and philosophical anthropology. My overarching interests are in the phenomena of life and death, and the ethics of technologically appropriating (human and non-human) nature. My publications on these topics include being co-editor of Moral Enhancement: Critical Perspectives (Cambridge University Press, 2018), and author of Hans Jonas: Life, Technology and the Horizons of Responsibility (Bloomsbury, 2020). This recording is taken from the BSP Annual Conference 2020 Online: 'Engaged Phenomenology'. Organised with the University of Exeter and sponsored by Egenis and the Wellcome Centre for Cultures and Environments of Health. BSP2020AC was held online this year due to global concerns about the Coronavirus pandemic. For the conference our speakers recorded videos, our keynotes presented live over Zoom, and we also recorded some interviews online as well. Podcast episodes from BSP2020AC are soundtracks of those videos where we and the presenters feel the audio works as a standalone: https://www.britishphenomenology.org.uk/bsp-annual-conference-2020/ You can check out our forthcoming events here: https://www.britishphenomenology.org.uk/events/ The British Society for Phenomenology is a not-for-profit organisation set up with the intention of promoting research and awareness in the field of Phenomenology and other cognate arms of philosophical thought. Currently, the society accomplishes these aims through its journal, events, and podcast. Why not find out more, join the society, and subscribe to our journal the JBSP? https://www.britishphenomenology.org.uk/
You guys know the JoFo loves Dane Ortlund’s book, Gentle and Lowly: The Heart of Christ for Sinners and Sufferers ( https://amzn.to/3bX5PKY ). But a recent review of the book by Jeremiah Johnson, Does Scripture Really Say That? A Critical Appraisal of "Gentle and Lowly" ( https://www.gty.org/library/blog/B210315/does-scripture-really-say-that-a-critical-appraisal-of-gentle-and-lowly ) is very negative. Does Johnson raises any good questions? Are his conclusions fair? Listen in to get the Doc’ and Devo’ take. Plus, we share some of our conversation with Jared Wilson on this week’s Banter of Truth. Support this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/doctrine-and-devotion/exclusive-content Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands
The speed of development of vaccines for COVID-19 has been unprecedented, exceeding expectations. A reflection of the process and lessons for the future. A conversation with Dr. Carol Baker. Topics discussed: The vaccine development for COVID-19 and key elements in the initial success Understand the clinical data leading to approval of the vaccines Comment on the future of vaccines with implementation of new technologies Guest: Dr. Carol Baker: Professor of Pediatrics and University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School. 2019 Albert B. Sabin Gold Medal Recipient and member of the National Academy of Medicine. Visit aac.asm.org to browse issues and/or submit a manuscript. Subscribe to Editors in Conversation (free) on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Android, Spotify, Email.
Episode 150 of the Institute of Performance Nutrition's "We Do Science" podcast! In this episode, I (Laurent Bannock) discuss "Muscle Protein Breakdown in Response to Nutrition and Exercise" with Professor Kevin Tipton PhD (UK).Discussion Topics Include:Overview of Muscle Protein Breakdown (MPB) as an important metabolic component of muscle remodelling, adaptation to training, and increasing muscle mass.Role of resistance exercise on MPB and Muscle Protein Synthesis (MPS).Practical nutrition recommendations for interventions to suppress MPB: a worthwhile strategy or not? What the evidence actually tells us is explored!Can nutrition impact any individual muscle protein?Why strategies aimed at optimising post exercise nutrition should focus on the response of muscle protein synthesis.Podcast Episode Transcript: Download PDF CopyKey Paper(s) Discussed / Referred to:Assessing the Role of Muscle Protein Breakdown in Response to Nutrition and Exercise in HumansRelated Podcast Episodes:#110 - "Nutrition Support for Exercise Induced Injury" with Professor Kevin Tipton#98 - "Protein: An Update" with Professor Stu Phillips and Professor Kevin Tipton#42 - "Mechanisms of Muscle Hypertrophy" with Brad Schoenfeld PhD#38 - "Nutrition and the Molecular Response To Strength Training" with Keith Baar PhD#34 - "Nutrient Priming & the Protein Synthetic Response" with D. Lee Hamilton PhD#18 - "Protein Nutrition & Critical Appraisal" with Professor Kevin Tipton#5 - "Protein" with Prof Stu Phillips and Prof Kevin TiptonCheck out our other podcasts, publications, events, and professional education programs for current and aspiring sports nutritionists at www.TheIOPN.com and follow our social media outputs via @TheIOPN
In this episode, we discuss some of the controversial recommendations from surviving sepsis guidelines and talk about the rational approach in adopting these guidelines.
21. Evidence Based Medicine | Critical Appraisal by Dr Thomas Perkins
This week Coleen and Rachel discuss theonomy with the guys from The Glory Cloud Podcast, Todd Bordow and Chris Caughey. Episode Resourses: The Glory-Cloud Podcast (series mentioned: Episodes 154-162) The Reformed Theocrats: A Biblical Theological Response by Lee Irons (PDF) The Eschatology of Hebrews 2:1-4: A Critical Appraisal of the Theonomic Thesis by Lane Tipton The Tale of Two Adams by Chris Caughey You can also download a free pdf copy here Comments on an Old-New Error Meredith Kline Kingdom Prologue: Genesis Foundations for a Covenantal Worldview by Meredith Kline Theonomy: A Reformed Critique Edited by William S. Barker and W. Robert Godfrey Women can join Theology Gals Facebook Group Theology Gals-Ladies Theology Discussion and Encouragement Follow Theology Gals: On Facebook On Twitter @TheologyGals On Instagram theologygals Email us at theologygals@gmail.com
This week Coleen and Rachel discuss theonomy with the guys from The Glory Cloud Podcast, Todd Bordow and Chris Caughey. Episode Resourses: The Glory-Cloud Podcast (series mentioned: Episodes 154-162) The Reformed Theocrats: A Biblical Theological Response by Lee Irons (PDF) The Eschatology of Hebrews 2:1-4: A Critical Appraisal of the Theonomic Thesis by Lane Tipton The Tale of Two Adams by Chris Caughey You can also download a free pdf copy here Comments on an Old-New Error Meredith Kline Kingdom Prologue: Genesis Foundations for a Covenantal Worldview by Meredith Kline Theonomy: A Reformed Critique Edited by William S. Barker and W. Robert Godfrey Women can join Theology Gals Facebook Group Theology Gals-Ladies Theology Discussion and Encouragement Follow Theology Gals: On Facebook On Twitter @TheologyGals On Instagram theologygals Email us at theologygals@gmail.com
In this episode, I rant about an article that Brad Mason wrote claiming that Standpoint Theory is NOT antithetical to Christianity. Maybe it isn't contrary to Brad Mason's version of Christianity, but it is clearly contrary to Biblical Christianity and I demonstrate why that is the case.
What does Weber, heralded as one of the "founders of socilogy", have to teach contemporary Marxists? Activist and academic Dan Davison-Vecchione gave a talk, follwed by discussion, at Ideas for Freedom 2019. Our summer camp: workersliberty.org/camp See also this article: https://newpol.org/issue_post/marx-and-weber-critics-capitalism/
Katja F. Achermann, LLM (Cantab), speaking on Panel II: 'International human rights in the digital context'. Slides for this presentation are available at: https://resources.law.cam.ac.uk/documents/CILJ_slides/Achermann.pptx Cambridge International Law Journal 8th Annual Cambridge International Law Conference, ‘New Technologies: New Challenges for Democracy and International Law’. For more information about the conference, and the Journal, see: http://cilj.co.uk/ This entry provides an audio source for iTunes.
Katja F. Achermann, LLM (Cantab), speaking on Panel II: 'International human rights in the digital context'. Slides for this presentation are available at: https://resources.law.cam.ac.uk/documents/CILJ_slides/Achermann.pptx Cambridge International Law Journal 8th Annual Cambridge International Law Conference, ‘New Technologies: New Challenges for Democracy and International Law’. For more information about the conference, and the Journal, see: http://cilj.co.uk/
In this second hour of this series, Mike and I discuss Engel's proposals for a BPS model. More importantly, though, this leads us into an important critique of not only BPS model, but models in general. We dive into current definitions of pain, and ways we can be “less wrong.” Lastly, we finish with barriers to overcoming biomedicine and shifting the paradigm, as well as what we can do to invest in students and new grads who's belief systems are now dissolved. If this episode doesn't leave you fired up to take action, then we are not sure what will. Enjoy! @Michael_Barbellmedicine (IG) https://www.barbellmedicine.com/ @Thelevelupinitiative (IG) https://www.thelevelupinitiative.com/ Pain Medicine and Its Models: Helping or Hindering? - Quintner et al.
Part of the critical appraisal nuggets series. You can read more here https://www.stemlynsblog.org/cans-critical-appraisal-nuggets-st-emlyns/ Also mentioned in this podcast 1. Definition of p-values on the bottom line https://www.thebottomline.org.uk/blog/ebm/p-value/ 2. Fragility index https://lifeinthefastlane.com/ccc/fragility-index/ 3. Confidence interval https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidence_interval
Pano Kanelos, the president of St. John's College, Annapolis joins us to discuss Jacob Klein's “The Idea of a Liberal Education” (1960) and “On Liberal Education” (1965), plus Sidney Hook’s “A Critical Appraisal of the St. John’s College Curriculum” (1946) and Martha Nussbaum’s “Undemocratic Vistas” (1987). What constitutes a liberal education? Should we all read the Western canon? Klein (and our guest) think that we need to wonder at the familiar, to explore the ancestry of our current concepts in order to avoid their sedimentation. Don't wait for part two; get the full, unbroken Citizen Edition now; you'll also get (soon) a bonus discussion. Please support PEL! Sponsored by Molekule, the only air purifier that actually destroys pollutants. Visit molekule.com and use offer code PEL for $75 off.
Commentary by Dr. Valentin Fuster
Dr Michael Tam is a GP, Senior Lecturer at The University of Sydney, Discipline of General Practice and Founder of "Morsels of Evidence - EBM for GPs" at evidencebasedmedicine.com.au Today we get into some pearls and common errors in EBM. - How to analyse new information for use in GP - What online resources are good for EBM searching - Assessing data and trials - How we can explain concepts like relative risk reduction, absolute risk reduction and needed number to treat to patients - Some bias in trials to be aware of e.g. changing end points, p-hacking - Good resources for clinicians on further EBM training Enjoy! Twitter @GPShowPodcast Facebook The GP Show Podcast
Data on biological variation can be used in many ways, most notably for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease and also for setting analytical performance specifications. In 2014, after the first strategic conference of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, a task force was established to develop criteria for evaluation of the literature on biological variation. A report from this group appears in the March 2018 issue of Clinical Chemistry.
Author: Sam Killian, M.D. Educational Pearls Traditionally, UTI diagnosis has been dependent on urine culture, urinalysis and clinical symptoms. But a recent study casts some doubt on the utility of urine cultures. A study in the Journal of Clinical Microbiology did urine cultures and E. coli PCR in 220 women with UTI symptoms and 86 women without UTI symptoms. In the symptomatic women, 67% had positive E. Coli PCR and 98% had a pathogenic bacteria in their urine culture. In the asymptomatic women, 10% had positive E. coli PCR and/or urine culture. Therefore, this study suggests that urine culture may be of limited utility, since symptoms alone seemed to predict bacteriuria. References: Burd EM, Kehl KS. A Critical Appraisal of the Role of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory in the Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2011;49(9 Supplement). doi:10.1128/jcm.00788-11.
I go through Deakin et al's recent paper, titled "Concussion in motor sport - A medical literature review and engineering perspective" which was published in October this year.
The overwhelming volume of evidence and its lack of relevance to patient care and decisions means health professionals require skills to sift evidence more efficiently: discarding what doesn't make a difference to focus on evidence that matters for health This talk will present a simple effective appraisal system based on two first steps to rapidly appraise and sift the evidence for its relevance and application to actual patient care, prior to assessing its validity. Professor Carl Heneghan is Director of CEBM, and an NHS Urgent Care GP, and has been interested for over twenty years in how we can use evidence in real world practice. This talk is being held as part of the Practice of Evidence-Based Health Care module which is part of the MSc in Evidence-Based Health Care and the MSc in EBHC Systematic Reviews.
The overwhelming volume of evidence and its lack of relevance to patient care and decisions means health professionals require skills to sift evidence more efficiently: discarding what doesn't make a difference to focus on evidence that matters for health This talk will present a simple effective appraisal system based on two first steps to rapidly appraise and sift the evidence for its relevance and application to actual patient care, prior to assessing its validity. Professor Carl Heneghan is Director of CEBM, and an NHS Urgent Care GP, and has been interested for over twenty years in how we can use evidence in real world practice. This talk is being held as part of the Practice of Evidence-Based Health Care module which is part of the MSc in Evidence-Based Health Care and the MSc in EBHC Systematic Reviews.
Show Notes Listen as we critically appraise the MACMAN Trial (JAMA 2017;317(5):483-493. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.20603).This trial is an RCT looking at VL vs DL for routine orotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit.This is part of our Journal Club Series - if you haven't listened to episode 1, hit pause and go listen to that first!Check out Pulmcast.com for complete show notes!
A critical appraisal nuggest on simple ways to understand the true effect of an intervention. Also see this more in depth podcast done with Iain Beardsell http://ebem.podbean.com/2011/11/03/statistics-2/ vb S
SRHE (Society for Research into Higher Education) Conference And Network Podcasts
SRHE (Society for Research into Higher Education) Conference And Network Podcasts
Rick and Simon talk about the merits of prospective and retrospective studies
Setting up a really great journal club.
Another Critical Appraisal Nugget on why analysis by intention to treat is so important.
Prof Rick Body and Niall Morris, Clinical Research Fellow, discuss selection bias and how it can affect clinical research. This podcast is the third in the St Emlyn's series "Clinical Appraisal Nuggets".
Rick and Simon talk blinding (and masking) for your critical appraisal delight. See more at http://stemlynsblog.org/cans-critical-appraisal-nuggets-st-emlyns/
Our series on critical appraisal nuggets in 5-10 mins. This week it's Randomisation. Great if you are revising for an exam in critical appraisal (e.g. FRCEM).
The first talk given as part of the Southeast Asia Seminar, St Antony's College during MT14 In 1999 Timor-Leste was given the opportunity to vote on a self-determination referendum that put an end to centuries of Portuguese colonial and Indonesian neo-colonial rule. Two and a half year later, Timor-Leste proclaimed its Independence, and set off on a road to create a modern, democratic state. Fifteen years have elapsed, and today most observers consider that Timor-Leste has been successful in upholding its own democracy and the rule of law. However, the road along which the country has travelled is full of hurdles and several challenges were met with varying degrees of success. In this talk, I shall start by assessing the odds faced by Timor-Leste in its endeavour to create a democratic state, and will then consider four areas of political relevance: the process of constitution-making; the role of elections and the behaviour of the electoral administration; the choice of the government system; and finally the much protracted decentralization reform. I will conclude with some notes on the challenges to democracy in the near future
Episode 18 of the Guru Performance 'We Do Science' podcast! In this episode I (Laurent Bannock) discuss 'Protein Nutrition & Critical Appraisal' with Professor Kevin Tipton (University of Stirling, UK). In this session we get into:Protein Need for Active PeopleAssessing & Reccomending Protein IntakeProtein Safety & ToxicityProtein, Insulin & Blood GlucoseProtein ResearchCritical Appraisal of Research & PublicationsCheckout our other podcasts, video blogs and articles on all things performance nutrition at www.GuruPerformance.com
Evidence-based medicine is the process of life-long, self-directed learning in which caring for patients leads to the search for, critical appraisal, and incorporation into practice of valid and clinically important information about diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, and other clinical and health-care issues. Tammy discusses approaches to critical appraisal.
In the new edition to Islam and Human Rights: Traditions and Politics (Westview Press, 2012), Ann Elizabeth Mayer analyzes the complex issue of international human rights standards in Muslim countries. In the book's preface, Dr. Mayer says that it could more accurately be titled “A Comparison of Selected Civil and Political Rights Formulations in International Law and in Actual and Proposed Human Rights Schemes Purporting to Embody Islamic Principles, with a Critical Appraisal of the Latter with Reference to International Law, Evolving Islamic Thought, and Relevant State Practice in the Middle East.” Throughout the book she makes that comparison in a way that is detailed, yet still easily approachable by someone new to the topic. In this 5th edition of the book she addresses increased pressures for human rights brought on by the Arab Spring, the efforts of Islamic regimes to use the human rights debate to their advantage, and the issue of the human rights of sexual minorities in the Middle East. Dr. Mayer's book describes not only the history and evolution of human rights under Islamic law, but also addresses how these developments might continue in the future. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
In the new edition to Islam and Human Rights: Traditions and Politics (Westview Press, 2012), Ann Elizabeth Mayer analyzes the complex issue of international human rights standards in Muslim countries. In the book’s preface, Dr. Mayer says that it could more accurately be titled “A Comparison of Selected Civil and Political Rights Formulations in International Law and in Actual and Proposed Human Rights Schemes Purporting to Embody Islamic Principles, with a Critical Appraisal of the Latter with Reference to International Law, Evolving Islamic Thought, and Relevant State Practice in the Middle East.” Throughout the book she makes that comparison in a way that is detailed, yet still easily approachable by someone new to the topic. In this 5th edition of the book she addresses increased pressures for human rights brought on by the Arab Spring, the efforts of Islamic regimes to use the human rights debate to their advantage, and the issue of the human rights of sexual minorities in the Middle East. Dr. Mayer’s book describes not only the history and evolution of human rights under Islamic law, but also addresses how these developments might continue in the future. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
In the new edition to Islam and Human Rights: Traditions and Politics (Westview Press, 2012), Ann Elizabeth Mayer analyzes the complex issue of international human rights standards in Muslim countries. In the book’s preface, Dr. Mayer says that it could more accurately be titled “A Comparison of Selected Civil and Political Rights Formulations in International Law and in Actual and Proposed Human Rights Schemes Purporting to Embody Islamic Principles, with a Critical Appraisal of the Latter with Reference to International Law, Evolving Islamic Thought, and Relevant State Practice in the Middle East.” Throughout the book she makes that comparison in a way that is detailed, yet still easily approachable by someone new to the topic. In this 5th edition of the book she addresses increased pressures for human rights brought on by the Arab Spring, the efforts of Islamic regimes to use the human rights debate to their advantage, and the issue of the human rights of sexual minorities in the Middle East. Dr. Mayer’s book describes not only the history and evolution of human rights under Islamic law, but also addresses how these developments might continue in the future. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
In the new edition to Islam and Human Rights: Traditions and Politics (Westview Press, 2012), Ann Elizabeth Mayer analyzes the complex issue of international human rights standards in Muslim countries. In the book’s preface, Dr. Mayer says that it could more accurately be titled “A Comparison of Selected Civil and Political Rights Formulations in International Law and in Actual and Proposed Human Rights Schemes Purporting to Embody Islamic Principles, with a Critical Appraisal of the Latter with Reference to International Law, Evolving Islamic Thought, and Relevant State Practice in the Middle East.” Throughout the book she makes that comparison in a way that is detailed, yet still easily approachable by someone new to the topic. In this 5th edition of the book she addresses increased pressures for human rights brought on by the Arab Spring, the efforts of Islamic regimes to use the human rights debate to their advantage, and the issue of the human rights of sexual minorities in the Middle East. Dr. Mayer’s book describes not only the history and evolution of human rights under Islamic law, but also addresses how these developments might continue in the future. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
In the new edition to Islam and Human Rights: Traditions and Politics (Westview Press, 2012), Ann Elizabeth Mayer analyzes the complex issue of international human rights standards in Muslim countries. In the book’s preface, Dr. Mayer says that it could more accurately be titled “A Comparison of Selected Civil and Political Rights Formulations in International Law and in Actual and Proposed Human Rights Schemes Purporting to Embody Islamic Principles, with a Critical Appraisal of the Latter with Reference to International Law, Evolving Islamic Thought, and Relevant State Practice in the Middle East.” Throughout the book she makes that comparison in a way that is detailed, yet still easily approachable by someone new to the topic. In this 5th edition of the book she addresses increased pressures for human rights brought on by the Arab Spring, the efforts of Islamic regimes to use the human rights debate to their advantage, and the issue of the human rights of sexual minorities in the Middle East. Dr. Mayer’s book describes not only the history and evolution of human rights under Islamic law, but also addresses how these developments might continue in the future. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
This is the first in a series of podcasts that New Books in History is offering in conjunction with the National History Center. The NHC and Oxford University Press have initiated a book series called “Reinterpreting History.”The volumes in the series aim to convey to readers how and why historians revise and reinterpret their understanding of the past, and they do so by focusing on a particular historical topic, event, or idea that has long gained the attention of historians. The first contribution to the “Reinterpreting History” series is Atlantic History: A Critical Appraisal (Oxford University Press, 2008). Today we'll be talking to the editors of the volume, Jack P. Greene and Philip D. Morgan. You may think that historians normally study states or nations, like France and China. But they also study areas of international or imperial interaction. The most famous example of this sort of “international” history is Fernand Braudel's The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II (1949), but there are many others. Among them one finds contributions to “Atlantic History,” itself a relatively new field. Its object is the “Atlantic World,” roughly, the history of the interaction of four continents (Africa, Europe, North America, and South America) from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. In this podcast, Greene and Morgan talk about the origin of the field, its work to date, and its prospects. For an introduction to Atlantic history, see Bernard Bailyn, Atlantic History. Concepts and Contours (Harvard University Press, 2005) andJ. H. Elliot, Empires of the Atlantic World. Britain and Spain in America, 1492-1830 (Yale University Press, 2006).There is also a lively Atlantic history discussion list. See H-Atlantic. Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven't already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
This is the first in a series of podcasts that New Books in History is offering in conjunction with the National History Center. The NHC and Oxford University Press have initiated a book series called “Reinterpreting History.”The volumes in the series aim to convey to readers how and why historians revise and reinterpret their understanding of the past, and they do so by focusing on a particular historical topic, event, or idea that has long gained the attention of historians. The first contribution to the “Reinterpreting History” series is Atlantic History: A Critical Appraisal (Oxford University Press, 2008). Today we'll be talking to the editors of the volume, Jack P. Greene and Philip D. Morgan. You may think that historians normally study states or nations, like France and China. But they also study areas of international or imperial interaction. The most famous example of this sort of “international” history is Fernand Braudel's The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II (1949), but there are many others. Among them one finds contributions to “Atlantic History,” itself a relatively new field. Its object is the “Atlantic World,” roughly, the history of the interaction of four continents (Africa, Europe, North America, and South America) from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. In this podcast, Greene and Morgan talk about the origin of the field, its work to date, and its prospects. For an introduction to Atlantic history, see Bernard Bailyn, Atlantic History. Concepts and Contours (Harvard University Press, 2005) andJ. H. Elliot, Empires of the Atlantic World. Britain and Spain in America, 1492-1830 (Yale University Press, 2006).There is also a lively Atlantic history discussion list. See H-Atlantic. Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven't already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/african-american-studies
This is the first in a series of podcasts that New Books in History is offering in conjunction with the National History Center. The NHC and Oxford University Press have initiated a book series called “Reinterpreting History.”The volumes in the series aim to convey to readers how and why historians revise and reinterpret their understanding of the past, and they do so by focusing on a particular historical topic, event, or idea that has long gained the attention of historians. The first contribution to the “Reinterpreting History” series is Atlantic History: A Critical Appraisal (Oxford University Press, 2008). Today we'll be talking to the editors of the volume, Jack P. Greene and Philip D. Morgan. You may think that historians normally study states or nations, like France and China. But they also study areas of international or imperial interaction. The most famous example of this sort of “international” history is Fernand Braudel's The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II (1949), but there are many others. Among them one finds contributions to “Atlantic History,” itself a relatively new field. Its object is the “Atlantic World,” roughly, the history of the interaction of four continents (Africa, Europe, North America, and South America) from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. In this podcast, Greene and Morgan talk about the origin of the field, its work to date, and its prospects. For an introduction to Atlantic history, see Bernard Bailyn, Atlantic History. Concepts and Contours (Harvard University Press, 2005) andJ. H. Elliot, Empires of the Atlantic World. Britain and Spain in America, 1492-1830 (Yale University Press, 2006).There is also a lively Atlantic history discussion list. See H-Atlantic. Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven't already.
This is the first in a series of podcasts that New Books in History is offering in conjunction with the National History Center. The NHC and Oxford University Press have initiated a book series called “Reinterpreting History.”The volumes in the series aim to convey to readers how and why historians revise and reinterpret their understanding of the past, and they do so by focusing on a particular historical topic, event, or idea that has long gained the attention of historians. The first contribution to the “Reinterpreting History” series is Atlantic History: A Critical Appraisal (Oxford University Press, 2008). Today we’ll be talking to the editors of the volume, Jack P. Greene and Philip D. Morgan. You may think that historians normally study states or nations, like France and China. But they also study areas of international or imperial interaction. The most famous example of this sort of “international” history is Fernand Braudel’s The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II (1949), but there are many others. Among them one finds contributions to “Atlantic History,” itself a relatively new field. Its object is the “Atlantic World,” roughly, the history of the interaction of four continents (Africa, Europe, North America, and South America) from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. In this podcast, Greene and Morgan talk about the origin of the field, its work to date, and its prospects. For an introduction to Atlantic history, see Bernard Bailyn, Atlantic History. Concepts and Contours (Harvard University Press, 2005) andJ. H. Elliot, Empires of the Atlantic World. Britain and Spain in America, 1492-1830 (Yale University Press, 2006).There is also a lively Atlantic history discussion list. See H-Atlantic. Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven’t already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
This is the first in a series of podcasts that New Books in History is offering in conjunction with the National History Center. The NHC and Oxford University Press have initiated a book series called “Reinterpreting History.”The volumes in the series aim to convey to readers how and why historians revise and reinterpret their understanding of the past, and they do so by focusing on a particular historical topic, event, or idea that has long gained the attention of historians. The first contribution to the “Reinterpreting History” series is Atlantic History: A Critical Appraisal (Oxford University Press, 2008). Today we’ll be talking to the editors of the volume, Jack P. Greene and Philip D. Morgan. You may think that historians normally study states or nations, like France and China. But they also study areas of international or imperial interaction. The most famous example of this sort of “international” history is Fernand Braudel’s The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II (1949), but there are many others. Among them one finds contributions to “Atlantic History,” itself a relatively new field. Its object is the “Atlantic World,” roughly, the history of the interaction of four continents (Africa, Europe, North America, and South America) from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. In this podcast, Greene and Morgan talk about the origin of the field, its work to date, and its prospects. For an introduction to Atlantic history, see Bernard Bailyn, Atlantic History. Concepts and Contours (Harvard University Press, 2005) andJ. H. Elliot, Empires of the Atlantic World. Britain and Spain in America, 1492-1830 (Yale University Press, 2006).There is also a lively Atlantic history discussion list. See H-Atlantic. Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven’t already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
This is the first in a series of podcasts that New Books in History is offering in conjunction with the National History Center. The NHC and Oxford University Press have initiated a book series called “Reinterpreting History.”The volumes in the series aim to convey to readers how and why historians revise and reinterpret their understanding of the past, and they do so by focusing on a particular historical topic, event, or idea that has long gained the attention of historians. The first contribution to the “Reinterpreting History” series is Atlantic History: A Critical Appraisal (Oxford University Press, 2008). Today we’ll be talking to the editors of the volume, Jack P. Greene and Philip D. Morgan. You may think that historians normally study states or nations, like France and China. But they also study areas of international or imperial interaction. The most famous example of this sort of “international” history is Fernand Braudel’s The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II (1949), but there are many others. Among them one finds contributions to “Atlantic History,” itself a relatively new field. Its object is the “Atlantic World,” roughly, the history of the interaction of four continents (Africa, Europe, North America, and South America) from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. In this podcast, Greene and Morgan talk about the origin of the field, its work to date, and its prospects. For an introduction to Atlantic history, see Bernard Bailyn, Atlantic History. Concepts and Contours (Harvard University Press, 2005) andJ. H. Elliot, Empires of the Atlantic World. Britain and Spain in America, 1492-1830 (Yale University Press, 2006).There is also a lively Atlantic history discussion list. See H-Atlantic. Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven’t already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
This is the first in a series of podcasts that New Books in History is offering in conjunction with the National History Center. The NHC and Oxford University Press have initiated a book series called “Reinterpreting History.”The volumes in the series aim to convey to readers how and why historians revise and reinterpret their understanding of the past, and they do so by focusing on a particular historical topic, event, or idea that has long gained the attention of historians. The first contribution to the “Reinterpreting History” series is Atlantic History: A Critical Appraisal (Oxford University Press, 2008). Today we’ll be talking to the editors of the volume, Jack P. Greene and Philip D. Morgan. You may think that historians normally study states or nations, like France and China. But they also study areas of international or imperial interaction. The most famous example of this sort of “international” history is Fernand Braudel’s The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II (1949), but there are many others. Among them one finds contributions to “Atlantic History,” itself a relatively new field. Its object is the “Atlantic World,” roughly, the history of the interaction of four continents (Africa, Europe, North America, and South America) from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. In this podcast, Greene and Morgan talk about the origin of the field, its work to date, and its prospects. For an introduction to Atlantic history, see Bernard Bailyn, Atlantic History. Concepts and Contours (Harvard University Press, 2005) andJ. H. Elliot, Empires of the Atlantic World. Britain and Spain in America, 1492-1830 (Yale University Press, 2006).There is also a lively Atlantic history discussion list. See H-Atlantic. Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven’t already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
This is the first in a series of podcasts that New Books in History is offering in conjunction with the National History Center. The NHC and Oxford University Press have initiated a book series called “Reinterpreting History.”The volumes in the series aim to convey to readers how and why historians revise and reinterpret their understanding of the past, and they do so by focusing on a particular historical topic, event, or idea that has long gained the attention of historians. The first contribution to the “Reinterpreting History” series is Atlantic History: A Critical Appraisal (Oxford University Press, 2008). Today we’ll be talking to the editors of the volume, Jack P. Greene and Philip D. Morgan. You may think that historians normally study states or nations, like France and China. But they also study areas of international or imperial interaction. The most famous example of this sort of “international” history is Fernand Braudel’s The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II (1949), but there are many others. Among them one finds contributions to “Atlantic History,” itself a relatively new field. Its object is the “Atlantic World,” roughly, the history of the interaction of four continents (Africa, Europe, North America, and South America) from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. In this podcast, Greene and Morgan talk about the origin of the field, its work to date, and its prospects. For an introduction to Atlantic history, see Bernard Bailyn, Atlantic History. Concepts and Contours (Harvard University Press, 2005) andJ. H. Elliot, Empires of the Atlantic World. Britain and Spain in America, 1492-1830 (Yale University Press, 2006).There is also a lively Atlantic history discussion list. See H-Atlantic. Please become a fan of “New Books in History” on Facebook if you haven’t already. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Recently, the suggestion to use 6-thioguanine (6-TG) as an alternative thiopurine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been discarded due to reports about possible (hepato) toxicity. During meetings arranged in Vienna and Prague in 2004, European experts applying 6-TG further on in IBD patients presented data on safety and efficacy of 6-TG. After thorough evaluation of its risk-benefit ratio, the group consented that 6-TG may still be considered as a rescue drug in stringently defined indications in IBD, albeit restricted to a clinical research setting. As a potential indication for administering 6-TG, we delineated the requirement for maintenance therapy as well as intolerance and/or resistance to aminosalicylates, azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate and infliximab. Furthermore, indications are preferred in which surgery is thought to be inappropriate. The standard 6-TG dosage should not exceed 25 mg daily. Routine laboratory controls are mandatory in short intervals. Liver biopsies should be performed after 6-12 months, three years and then three-yearly accompanied by gastroduodenoscopy, to monitor for potential hepatotoxicity, including nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) and veno-occlusive disease (VOD). Treatment with 6-TG must be discontinued in case of overt or histologically proven hepatotoxicity. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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