Podcasts about zone 2 training

Dr. Ben Skutnik, PhD, CSCS*D, NSCA-CPT*D, is an Assistant Professor of Kinesiology and Human Performance Lab Director at Butler University and Head of Nutrition Coaching at Power Athlete. Dr. Ben Skutnik joins the show to separate fact from fad in aerobic training, debunking zone 2 hype and explaining why VO2 max matters but isn't everything. Expect to learn why reading scientific literature is its own skill, how uncontrolled variables quietly derail hypertrophy and menstrual-cycle training research, why treating people as fragile backfires, why anecdote in human performance often outruns the research, how "closing the loop" with clients beats chasing mechanisms, what the Norwegian 4x4 method gets right (and what most zone 2 research gets wrong about training zones), and how to actually build VO2 max with the critical power model, and much more. Connect with Ben: Power Athlete Coach Bio LinkedIn Google Scholar Episodes you'll enjoy next: #400 — Build Aerobic Fitness Before Mitochondrial Peptides: AMPK, VO2 Max & Recovery — Dr. Dwayne Jackson: Listen here #374 — Zone 2 Cardio: What the Science Really Says (Pros, Cons & Better Options) with Kristi Storoschuk: Listen here Episode Timestamps: 1:46 — Why Ben was recommended for this conversation on cardiovascular and aerobic programming 7:31 — Reading scientific literature is a skill set of its own 14:05 — Hypertrophy training to failure and uncontrolled variables in research 16:27 — Debunking myths about training around the menstrual cycle 18:20 — Human resilience and the danger of treating people as fragile 22:09 — Why consistency beats trying to "hack" optimization 22:40 — Nutrition fear-mongering and overly restrictive diets 27:25 — Changing one variable at a time vs. the "kitchen sink" approach 29:55 — Why anecdotal evidence in human performance is often ahead of the research 34:48 — The ethics of placebo and "closing the loop" with clients 37:34 — The psychology of performance: the NFL kicker example 43:13 — The Norwegian 4x4 method and zone 2 training myths 46:40 — Why most zone 2 research relies on the wrong zone model 52:53 — HYROX, CrossFit, and Goodhart's Law in training 1:05:18 — Is VO2 max overrated? Performance vs. health tradeoffs 1:15:25 — Building VO2 max: interval protocols and the critical power model 1:26:02 — Life-changing results: taking deconditioned clients from VO2 max 18 to 35 1:30:09 — Where to find Ben Skutnik and his work at Butler University and Power Athlete Get the Daily Fitness Insider newsletter (free): https://www.miketnelson.com/newsletter

“As your time commitment goes down, the importance of intensity goes up,” says Kristi Storoshuk. Storoschuk is a PhD candidate in Muscle Physiology at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. Her research focuses on the relationship between skeletal muscle metabolism and whole-body metabolism, with an emphasis on how nutrient–exercise timing influences physiological adaptations to exercise. Storoschuk has contributed to peer-reviewed publications and is passionate about translating complex scientific findings into practical, evidence-based recommendations. Outside of her academic work, Kristi is the founder of a women's health coaching program focused on improving metabolic health through sustainable nutrition and exercise, particularly in the context of preconception health.  00:00 - What is Zone 2 training?  08:14 - The limitations of Zone 2 training 11:18 - Prioritizing intensity when time is limited 15:56 - All about interval training 19:16 - The truth about building your aerobic base 21:02 - We shouldn't train cardio like elite athletes 24:48 - Fat burning & Zone 2 26:10 - Talking weekly cardio protocol 30:03 - Storoschuk's habits 33:03 - Unpacking exercise culture & trends  37:22 - Recovery, wearables, & intuition  43:10 - HIIT above all else Referenced in the episode:  Read Storoschuk's research about Zone 2: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-025-02261-y  For more about Storoschuk, visit her website: https://krististoroschuk.com/  We hope you enjoy this episode, and feel free to watch the full video on YouTube! Whether it's an article or podcast, we want to know what we can do to help here at mindbodygreen. Let us know at: podcast@mindbodygreen.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Forget the scale - it doesn't tell you what actually predicts longevity. In this episode, Dr. Barrett walks through a 5-part scorecard you can start tracking from home: waist-to-height ratio, grip strength, metabolic markers (glucose, insulin, A1C), VO2 max, and sleep quality. He breaks down the research behind each one and why these fundamentals matter more than any supplement stack, peptide, or hormone protocol - plus simple, practical ways to start improving your score today.. . . Watch the episode on YouTube here! Click here to view the episode transcript! Podcast Team Dr. Barrett Deubert - Host Grant Crenshaw - Editor (00:00) - Intro (02:04) - #1: Processed Foods (04:42) - #2: Indoor Air Quality (08:03) - #3: Plastics & Endocrine Disruptors (11:27) - #4: Light & Circadian Rhythm (13:09) - #5: Noise & Stimulation (16:34) - Recap (17:53) - Closing Thoughts DISCLAIMERThis content is strictly the opinion of Dr. Barrett Deubert and is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended to provide medical advice or to replace medical advice or treatment from a physician. All viewers of this content are advised to consult their doctors or qualified health professionals regarding health questions and concerns. Neither Dr. Deubert nor the Real Health Co. takes responsibility for possible health consequences of any person or persons reading or following the information in this educational content. All audience members, especially those taking prescription or over-the-counter medications, should consult their physicians before beginning any nutrition, supplement, or lifestyle program.

Go check out our FREE Skool community, it's got amazing tools in there and a thriving community of cyclists - https://www.skool.com/roadman/aboutWhy does Zone 2 training work brilliantly for some riders, but leave others stuck, tired, and going nowhere? In this episode, we unpack the missing context behind endurance training advice with insights from Mattias Reck, coach to Mads Pedersen. The key idea is simple: the zone is relative, but the cost is absolute. For pros riding huge hours at huge watts, avoiding the middle makes sense. For time-crunched amateurs, tempo, sweet spot, and upper Zone 2 may be the most valuable training you can do. We cover fuelling, fatigue resistance, durability, and how to train for the life you actually have.One of the tools you will have heard Anthony chat about in this podcast is Training Peaks. Without this platform we can't get into the detail required to pricesly train within zones. If you want to go and check out this incredible training tool go to ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://bit.ly/4qWyEKK⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and use ROADMAN – 20% off an annual TrainingPeaks Premium subscription⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Parlee Cycles ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠"Whether it's a tough day, a gruelling training session, an epic road trip or sitting on the side of the road, exhausted and wondering how you'll get to the top... The answer is regularly to just get back in the saddle and ride. Ride The F...ing Bike. RTFB!"Go check out their amazing bikes at https://www.parleecycles.com/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠4Endurance⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Pro level fuel, made accessible. Myself and Sarah trust 4Endurance for all our fuelling needs. Their reange is HUGE and won't break the bank. Go check them out here https://4endurance.com/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠BIKMO⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Bikmo protects you and your bike fromtheft, accidental damage, race-day disasters, and even baggage claim shenanigans. Yourhelmet, GPS, and other kit are covered too. Got more than one bike? Of course you do – you get 50% off each extra bike on the same policy.Protect your ride before it's too late – head to ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Bikmo.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to get covered. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠POC ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠POC's new Amidal brings aero performance, cooling, and safety together, with Mips protection, deep ventilation, and a cleanly integrated rear Knog light.Head to ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠poc.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ to check out the Amidal and see why it could become your go-to helmet for every ride.⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠VITTORIA TYRES⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Make choosing your next gravel tyre simple with Vittoria's terrain-based range, from fast-rolling options to grippier tyres for rougher rides.Head to Vittoria.com to find the tyre that matches the terrain you actually ride.

-Zone 2 training is a form of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise performed at roughly 60-70% of your maximum heart rate.-It is usually performed by running, biking or rowing for at least 45 minutes.-This training emphasizes aerobic metabolism, where your body primarily burns fat for fuel while building mitochondrial efficiency, capillary density, and overall endurance.-It has become a popular topic of discussion in the CrossFit community, but is it necessary to include in your training?-Pat & Adrian discuss this topic.

There is no shortage of advice when it comes to cardio, fat loss, and hormones.And when it comes to women…this is where a lot of the misinformation becomes the most convincing.You'll hear things like:Fasted cardio wrecks your hormones.Zone 2 cardio doesn't work for women.Birth control is killing your progress in the gym.And the reason these claims spread so quickly is because they sound scientific.They reference cortisol.They reference metabolism.They reference sex-specific physiology.But when you actually break them down…Most of these claims are built on misinterpreted data, poor extrapolation, or conclusions drawn from research that doesn't apply to real-world training.In Part 2 of this series, I'm joined once again by Lyle McDonald to break down some of the most common physiology-based myths targeted at women.We unpack what the research actually shows when it comes to fat loss, training adaptations, and hormonal responses and more importantly, how to apply that in a practical coaching context.Because at the end of the day, your results are not dictated by fear-based narratives.They're dictated by your habits, your consistency, and your ability to apply the fundamentals correctly.HERE IS WHAT WE COVER:DOES FASTED CARDIO ACTUALLY CAUSE MUSCLE LOSS IN WOMEN?HOW CORTISOL RESPONSES SHOULD BE INTERPRETED IN TRAININGIS ZONE 2 CARDIO INEFFECTIVE FOR WOMEN?WHY LOW-INTENSITY CARDIO IS ONE OF THE MOST SUSTAINABLE FAT LOSS TOOLSHOW HIGH-INTENSITY CARDIO CAN INTERFERE WITH RECOVERY & PERFORMANCEDO ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES IMPACT MUSCLE GROWTH & STRENGTH?If you haven't listened to Part 1 yet, make sure to go back and check it out — where we break down resistance training myths around load, rest periods, and programming.WHERE TO CONNECT WITH ME:Follow Brandon on IG: https://www.instagram.com/brandondacruz_/Email: Bdacruzfitness@gmail.comFor Info on Brandon's Coaching Services: https://form.jotform.com/bdacruzfitness/coachinginquiry

Zone 2 training is often labeled as “fat burning,” but what does that actually mean in real-world performance? Should athletes, hunters, and endurance enthusiasts be eating more fat during long efforts? Or is the body primarily relying on stored energy systems regardless of what you eat? In this episode of the Valley to Peak Nutrition Podcast, we break down one of the most misunderstood concepts in endurance nutrition: fat as fuel. We explore whether the body is using dietary fat or stored body fat during low-intensity exercise, how carbohydrates still play a critical role, and why it's never as simple as “fat vs carbs.” You'll learn how energy systems actually interact during Zone 2 training, multi-day efforts, and long-duration mountain objectives—and why relying on a single fuel source can limit performance. If you've ever wondered how to properly fuel Zone 2 training, ultras, backcountry hunts, or long mountain days, this episode will give you the clarity you need.   Download the cheat sheet Check out Valley to Peak and other Resources.  In this episode: What “fat as fuel” actually means in Zone 2 training The difference between stored body fat and dietary fat How the body actually breaks down and uses fat for energy Why fat and carbohydrates are always used together (not separately) The role of intramuscular triglycerides in endurance performance Why muscle glycogen still matters—even at low intensities The real timeline for dietary fat to become usable energy Why higher intensity changes everything about fuel usage How carbohydrate supports fat metabolism (“fat burns in a carbohydrate flame”) Why calorie balance—not macronutrient manipulation—drives fat loss Key Takeaways: Zone 2 training is not 100% fat-burning—it's a blend of fat and carbohydrate use Most fat used during exercise comes from stored body fat, not what you just ate Dietary fat takes hours to become usable fuel during activity Carbohydrates are essential for higher intensity and mental performance Fat and carbs work as a system—not competing fuel sources Great listen for those interested in:  Endurance athletes Trail runners & ultrarunners Backcountry hunters and hikers Cyclists and hybrid athletes Anyone training in Zone 2 or long-duration efforts  

Go to my sponsor https://joinissa.com/livelean to become a Certified Personal Trainer and use promo code: LiveLean to get $100 off your order. Zone 2 training benefits go way beyond cardio and at 45, I can't afford to ignore them anymore. In this video I break down exactly what Zone 2 training does to your body at the cellular level, why it's one of the most powerful tools for fat loss, metabolic health, blood sugar control, brain protection, and longevity and why it needs to be in your program alongside your HIIT and lifting. This is a follow up to my Zone 2 Training For Beginners video (linked below), so if you haven't watched that one yet, start there first.

Athletes who make smart decisions. Improving Oly lifts. Will Zone 2 improve high intensity efforts? How many Pull-ups & Dips = 1 Muscle-up? No-equipment workout. Active vs Full Rest Days.

Go to my sponsor https://joinissa.com/livelean to become a Certified Personal Trainer and use promo code: LiveLean to get $100 off your order. If HIIT is the only cardio in your program, you're leaving some of the biggest health and longevity gains on the table. Zone 2 training is the missing piece. It builds metabolic flexibility, controls blood sugar, slows cellular aging, and creates a base of endurance for everything you do in life, whether that's riding your bike, hiking, or keeping up with your kids without running out of gas. In this video I break down exactly what Zone 2 is, how to find your personal Zone 2 heart rate range without a lab, and how I seamlessly structure 180 minutes of it into my week alongside my HIIT and resistance training sessions. RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS VIDEO ► ISSA CPT Certification — joinissa.com/livelean | Use code LIVELEAN for $100 off ► Free 7 Day Trial To My Workout App: https://www.liveleantv.com ► Live Lean Body Quiz: https://www.liveleantv.com/quiz ► Free 7 Day Meal Plan And Recipes: https://www.liveleantv.com/free-stuff ► Polar H10 Heart Rate Chest Strap: https://www.liveleantv.com/cheststrap ► Apple Watch: https://www.liveleantv.com/watch ► Handheld Lactate Monitor: https://amzn.to/41SknER ► Read the blog here: https://www.liveleantv.com/zone-2-training-for-beginners/ ► Listen to the podcast here: https://www.liveleantv.com/podcast TIMESTAMPS 00:00 Introduction 00:38 I Do 180 Minutes of Zone 2 Every Week (My Exact Routine) 01:25 5 Cardio Training Heart Rate Zones Explained 02:38 How To Find Your Zone 2 With Zero Equipment: The Talk Test and RPE 03:32 How To Calculate Your Zone 2 Heart Rate Range With A Heart Rate Monitor 06:26 The MAF 180 Formula: How To Calculate Your Zone 2 Heart Rate 07:31 The Most Accurate Way To Find Your Zone 2: Blood Lactate Testing Explained 08:30 Zone 2 Training: Which Heart Rate Calculation Should You Use? 09:28 How Much Zone 2 Training Do You Actually Need Per Week? ABOUT BRAD GOUTHRO AND LIVE LEAN TV Brad Gouthro is a fitness entrepreneur, content creator, and coach helping busy men in their 30s and 40s build lean, athletic bodies that last for life. Live Lean TV covers training, nutrition, recovery, and longevity science with practical, real-world strategies you can actually stick to. DISCLAIMER The information in this video is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional before starting any new exercise program. WANT MORE DAILY TIPS ON HOW TO LIVE LEAN?: ► INSTAGRAM: http://www.instagram.com/bradgouthro ► INSTAGRAM: http://www.instagram.com/JessicaGouthroFitness ► INSTAGRAM: http://www.instagram.com/LiveLeanTV ► SNAPCHAT: https://www.snapchat.com/add/bradgouthro ► FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/LiveLeanTV ► TWITTER: https://www.twitter.com/bradgouthro ► TWITTER: https://www.twitter.com/LiveLeanTV ► TIK-TOK: https://www.tiktok.com/@bradgouthro ► TIK-TOK: https://www.tiktok.com/@liveleantv #zone2training #Zone2Cardio #HeartRateTraining #LongevityFitness #MenOver40 #LiveLeanTV #InclineTreadmill #MetabolicHealth #FatBurning #CardioTraining #HIITvZone2 #MAF180 #AerobicTraining #HeartHealth #fitnessover40 About Live Lean TV: Welcome to Live Lean TV. The online fitness and nutrition show, hosted by Brad and Jessica Gouthro, teaching you how to LIVE THE LEAN LIFESTYLE 365 days a year. Watch hundreds of fat blasting & muscle building workouts, easy and delicious recipes, as well as fitness and nutrition tips to get you your dream body (and maintain it 365 days a year). Make sure you click the SUBSCRIBE button for new fitness and nutrition episodes every week! Business Enquiries: info@LiveLeanTV.com

Welcome to Episode 266 of Pelo Buddy TV, an unofficial Peloton podcast & Peloton news show. This week we cover the following topics: Peloton has added a new official "Low Impact & Arms" class type. Peloton's new 18 week marathon program is now available. Peloton has a new collection for "Zone 2" heart rate training. There will be a Mumford & Sons artist series in May, plus some other special classes. Robin Arzon has put together an unofficial 3 day split strength program. Peloton has several new classes in honor of Earth Day. Peloton highlighted some classes in "This Week at Peloton." There were some 40-50% off apparel sales this week. The next Peloton earnings call will be on May 7th. DJ John Michael is back at Peloton, and shared why he has been gone. Susie Chan & her team set a course record at an ultramarathon. The newest Peloton Off Air episode features Bradley Rose. Ash Pryor is in Columbus for an event. Peloton is hosting a group 5K in Miami. Peloton had a billboard for the Boston Marathon. Erik Jager was featured in Men's Health in Germany. Matty Maggiacomo had Kelsie Watts in studio with him. Class Picks of the Week Enjoy the show? Become a Pelo Buddy TV Supporter!  Find details here: https://www.pelobuddy.com/membership-levels/ You can find links to full articles on each of these topics from the episode page here: https://www.pelobuddy.com/pelo-buddy-tv-episode-266/ The show is also available via YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/PeloBuddy This episode is hosted by Amanda Segal (#Seglo3) and Chris Lewis (#PeloBuddy).

Zone two isn't about pace or feel; it's about heart rate, and testing it every four to six weeks is the only way to know if you're actually getting faster.If you've been grinding out zone two runs hoping to get faster but have no idea if it's actually working, you're not alone. Most runners skip the one step that separates guessing from knowing: a simple, repeatable test you can do every four to six weeks to track real aerobic progress. In this episode, I break down how to test and improve your zone two fitness so you can run farther, faster, and more efficiently without burning out. You'll learn why most runners get this wrong, how to set a proper baseline, and how to track real progress over weeks and months. I also walk through a simple, repeatable test and a training approach that helps you see consistent gains, all while keeping things manageable and injury-free.Key TakeawaysZone two training works best when measured by heart rate, not just pace or effort.Testing regularly every 4–6 weeks gives a clear picture of improvement and prevents wasted effort.Consistency over months is key—small, gradual progress leads to big gains without burnout.Timestamps[00:18] What You'll Learn[01:36] Mistake of Zone 2/MAF Pacing[04:05] Use This Training Plan to Improve Your Zone 2[05:01] Variation of MAF - IMAT[05:47] How to MAF Test Part 2[07:07] Where to Do MAF Test[08:18] Traps to Avoid[09:10] How Slow I Was When I First Did This Test[11:03] Don't Stop in the Middle of the Test[11:54] Other Benefits of MAF Testing[12:40] Watch This to Understand Base BetterLinks & Learnings

Dr. Mike Hart interviews elite runner Brady Holmer about endurance training, VO2 max physiology, and common misconceptions. Holmer explains that zone 2 builds the aerobic base and enables high training volume with less fatigue, notes heart-rate zones are ideally defined by lactate thresholds, and says he primarily uses perceived exertion rather than lactate or heart rate during training. He advises against guiding workouts by wearable HRV scores, arguing accurate HRV requires standardized morning measurements and that wearable data can create a nocebo effect; trends may be informative, but subjective feel should come first. They discuss polarized vs pyramidal training and typical 80/20 intensity distributions, effective session durations, mechanisms limiting VO2 max (central vs peripheral), and why Norwegian 4x4 intervals work by maximizing time near 85–90% max heart rate. They cover breathing/nose breathing, inspiratory muscle training, sauna/hot baths as performance adjuncts, nutrition timing of carbohydrates, and supplements including beetroot, beta-alanine, urolithin A, and post-exercise ketones. Brady Holmer is an endurance-focused performance expert and elite runner whose work explores the science and practice of aerobic fitness, VO2 max, recovery, and smarter cardio training. In this episode, he explains how zone 2 training builds the foundation for endurance, why HRV and wearable data should be interpreted carefully, and how protocols like Norwegian 4x4 can improve performance when used in the right context. Through a blend of long-term training experience, research literacy, and practical coaching insight, Holmer helps listeners better understand how to train harder, recover smarter, and think more clearly about what actually improves cardiovascular fitness.   Training & Cardio Zone 2 Cardio Overview (Cleveland Clinic): https://health.clevelandclinic.org/zone-2-cardio   Lactate / Threshold-Based Training Threshold zones review (PMC): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6537749/   Lactate-guided threshold interval training (PMC): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10000870/   Norwegian 4x4 Classic VO2 max paper (PubMed): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17414804/   4x4 protocol heart-rate response study (PMC): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7399937/   Polarized Training Meta-analysis / review (PubMed): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38717713/   Older landmark paper (PubMed): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24550842/   Pyramidal Training Pyramidal vs. polarized study (PMC): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9299127/   HRV & Wearables   Marco Altini Official site: https://www.marcoaltini.com/ HRV4Training: https://www.hrv4training.com/   HRV Measurement / Use HRV4Training article with Marco Altini: https://www.hrv4training.com/blog2/heart-rate-variability-hrv-training-with-dr-marco-altini-how-to-exercise-using-hrv   Oura Ring Official: https://ouraring.com/   WHOOP Official: https://www.whoop.com/   Experts & Writing   Dr. Andy Galpin Official site: https://www.andygalpin.com/   Brady Holmer Substack profile: https://substack.com/@bradyholmer   Physiologically Speaking: https://www.physiologicallyspeaking.com/   Supplements & Recovery Exercise / Performance Supplements NIH overview: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/ExerciseAndAthleticPerformance-HealthProfessional/   Creatine Cleveland Clinic overview: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/17674-creatine   Beta-Alanine NIH consumer overview: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/ExerciseAndAthleticPerformance-Consumer/   ISSN position stand (PMC): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4501114/   Beetroot / Dietary Nitrate Review (PMC): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4008816/   Meta-analysis (PubMed): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23580439/   Urolithin A Mitopure / official: https://www.mitopure.com/   Altitude training camp study (PMC): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12628386/   Exogenous Ketones Ketone-IQ official: https://ketone.com/   Post-exercise ketone monoester and EPO study (PubMed): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36449571/   Post-exercise ketones improved endurance training adaptations study (PubMed): https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41757674/   Show Notes 00:00 HRV Training Myth 00:59 Zone Two Benefits 02:11 Finding True Zone Two 03:59 RPE Over Wearables 06:27 HRV Done Right 12:06 80 20 Training Split 15:23 Zone Two Session Length 18:37 Cardio Adaptation Science 24:03 Norwegian 4x4 Explained 30:30 Sports Versus Machines 32:54 Leg Day Timing Tips 34:58 Best Leg Exercises 38:21 Nordic Curl Reality Check 39:11 Portable Nordic Setup Tips 39:51 Biggest Running Mistake 40:18 Nose Breathing Zone Two 42:16 Breathing Tools And Myths 43:08 Inspiratory Muscle Training 44:51 How Much Benefit Really 46:27 Sauna For VO2 Max 48:35 Heat Mimics Altitude 50:59 Sauna Fertility Debate 52:54 Red Light Therapy Reality 54:30 Carbs Fuel The Work 56:25 Timing Carbs Around Training 57:52 Best Carb Food Choices 59:41 Supplements For Cardio 01:00:20 Creatine Beta Alanine Beetroot 01:02:16 Urolithin A Breakthrough 01:05:01 Ketones After Training 01:07:31 Other Supplements And Caffeine 01:09:07 SARMs Peptides And Doping 01:10:10 VO2 Max And Longevity 01:10:49 Wrap Up And Where To Follow   The Hart2Heart podcast is hosted by family physician Dr. Michael Hart, who is dedicated to cutting through the noise and uncovering the most effective strategies for optimizing health, longevity, and peak performance. This podcast dives deep into evidence-based approaches to hormone balance, peptides, sleep optimization, nutrition, psychedelics, supplements, exercise protocols, leveraging sunlight, and de-prescribing pharmaceuticals — using medications only when absolutely necessary. Beyond health science, we explore the intersection of public health and politics, exposing how policy decisions shape our health landscape and what actionable steps people can take to reclaim control over their well-being. Guests range from out-of-the-box thinking physicians such as Dr. Casey Means (author of "Good Energy") and Dr. Roger Sehult (Medcram lectures) to public health experts such as Dr. Jay Bhattacharya (Director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Dr. Marty Mckary  (Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and high-profile names such as  Zuby and Mark Sisson (Primal Blueprint and Primal Kitchen). If you're ready to take control of your health and performance, this podcast is for you.We cut through the jargon and deliver practical, no-BS advice that you can implement in your daily life, empowering you to make positive changes for your well-being.   Connect with Dr. Mike Hart Instagram: @drmikehart Twitter: @drmikehart Facebook: @drmikehart

Are you training too hard—or not hard enough? In this episode of the Find Your Edge podcast, Coach Chris Newport breaks down heart rate training zones, why common formulas like “220 minus age” miss the mark, and how VO₂ max and lactate testing can dramatically improve your performance, fat burning, and longevity.You'll learn:Why Zone 2 training is so powerfulHow VO₂ max and ventilatory thresholds workWhat lactate testing actually tells usWhy heart rate zones change by sportHow proper testing saves time and boosts resultsWhether you're an endurance athlete or simply want to train smarter, this episode will help you unlock more effective and enjoyable workouts.Book your metabolic testing here: https://www.theenduranceedge.com/sweat-metabolic-vo2-testing/ Read the blog here: https://www.theenduranceedge.com/heart-rate-training-zones/ Support the show

Most runners need to slow down to speed up. In this episode, we talk about the benefits of Zone 2 training (also known as EZAF) and how most runners should be using it. EDGE Coach Quip Podcast: Ep 223: The Benefits of Zone 2 Training

This week we starts things off by discussing zone 2 training, how to be a good time trialist, polarised training with high volume and ERG mode on the trainer. We then talk about food & diet for a little bit before a short but interesting discussion of what is the most important run session of the week. And, as always, we finish the show off by reading and responding to your Spotify comments! Nord VPN:Take advantage of a great deal with Nord VPN use the code triathlonhour or visit nordvpn.com/triathlonhour to get a huge discount in the 2 year plans PLUS 4 extra months! It is risk free with Nord's 30 days money back guarantee! Precision: Use the code TTH25 to get 15% off your first order with Precision at  Precision Fuel & Hydration  or subscribe to the Patreon and access the link that will save you 20% on every order, not just your first Patreon Pillar: Use the code TTH to get 15% off your first order with Pillar Performance at Pillar Performance or use  The Feed  for North American customers Lever: Use the code TTH for 20% off your Lever system  Lever Listen to the AFTER HOURS podcast on Patreon here - CLICK HERE  

In this conversation, Landry Bobo discusses the importance of Zone Two training for cyclists, emphasizing its benefits for improving FTP, fat burning capabilities, endurance, recovery, repeated sprint ability, and overall efficiency. He explains how understanding the purpose behind Zone Two training can enhance motivation and commitment to a training plan. Bobo also highlights the significance of volume over intensity in training and encourages cyclists to focus on technique during long rides.Email me at Landry@evoq.bikeFree Power File Analysis From a Professional Coach: https://www.evoq.bike/power-file-analysis-lbStrava: https://www.strava.com/athletes/1317545IG: @‌landry_bobo

–Part 1 of this series is all about “Zone 2” basic biology & concepts.I want to help clear the air on some key points of what Zone 2 training does for your health.And, why we must focus on this type of exercise training for longevity & disease prevention--LINKS:Zone 2 cardio for CrossFit athletesZone 2 training for peak performanceWhat is fitness..#FunctionWithPurpose#FPTEducation-----The Function with Purpose Podcast.All things health - wellness - fitness - & education through the physical therapy perspective.Fortress PT is here to serve the Charlotte-Metro area by highlighting the importance of how & why physical therapy should be a part of your health & wellness lifestyle.PURSUIT | PRECISION | PURPOSE..DISCLAIMER:  THIS PODCAST SERVES FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.  IT IS NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR ADVICE FROM YOUR PERSONAL PHYSICAL THERAPIST OR OTHER HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL(S)...Amy@fortressphysicaltherapy.com980-272-8044https://linktr.ee/FortressPT.#FunctionWithPurpose #DrAmyPT #FPTosteopractor #FPTAthlete #FPTEducation #FPTTraining #TeamFPT #Charlotteagenda #CharlotteNC #CharlotteMetroArea #QueenCity #704 #980 #Physicaltherapy #Physio #Physiotherapy #GetPT1st #Physical #Therapy #Health #Wellness #Fitness #CLT#charlottephysicaltherapy #charlottephysicaltherapist

Message me your 'Takeaways'.Most men think they know their bodies. They don't. And the gap between what you feel and what's actually happening under the hood is where decline begins.If you're training without data, you're flying blind. In this episode Lachlan breaks down the five numbers that predict whether a man ages powerfully or ages early. These are the same metrics he used while running 58 marathons in 58 days across the US and Australia, and the same metrics his clients use to rebuild strength, clarity, and confidence.You'll learn why resting heart rate exposes stress, how HRV predicts emotional load, why sleep destroys more progress than poor training, and why VO2 max is the ultimate long-term health indicator.This is The Man That Can Project. If you want to know exactly where you sit across the Core Four, take the scorecard below.Step into 2026 with clarity, confidence, and direction. My one-on-one coaching is a high-performance transformation across health, mindset, relationships, and leadership. Only 2 spaces open at the end of this year. Apply now before they're gone:APPLY NOW Support the showTake the "Self Leadership" Scorecard: HERE Follow Lachlan:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lachlanstuart/YouTube: https://youtube.com/@lachlanstuart91Website: https://themanthatcanproject.com/Newsletter: https://lachlan-stuart-tmtcp.ck.page/profileDo Something Today To Be Better For Tomorrow

What if running slower was actually the secret to running faster—and most people just never stick around long enough to see it?If you've ever felt like you're working hard but not getting faster, or keep getting injured, burned out, or stuck in a running rut, this episode breaks down the exact method to rebuild your fitness from the ground up. You'll learn why running slower than you think builds real, lasting speed, what to expect each week during your first two months of low-heart-rate training, and the six mistakes that silently sabotage progress before most people ever see results.Key TakeawaysRunning slower builds endurance faster than constant high-intensity training because it strengthens the aerobic system, boosts mitochondria, and prevents burnout.Most people fail at zone two training because they quit before week seven—right when the real progress begins.True speed comes from consistency, patience, and knowing your heart rate zones instead of chasing pace or instant results.Timestamps[00:09] What You'll Learn[00:34] How Running Slow Makes You Fast —My Story[01:37] What Is Zone 2 Running?[03:41] The 6 Common Mistakes: Mistake #1 Using Watch based/Optical HR Monitor[04:22] Use This to Run Farther and Longer with a Low HR[04:40] Mistake #2: Using the 220 – Age Formula.[06:00] Mistake #3: Letting Pace Dictate Effort.[06:38] Mistake #4: Living In The Gray Zone And Doing Too Much Zone 3 And Zone 4 Work[07:36] Mistake #5: Ignoring External Factors.[08:02] Mistake #6: Giving Up Too Soon.[08:21] Help Another Runner Be Amazing[08:48] What To Expect When You First Start Training: Week By Week[11:58] How To Find Your Zone 2 Hr - The Tests[12:55] Find Zone 2 Breath Test[14:37] Why Zone 2 Is So Important[15:53] What You Really Need Is Base TrainingLinks & Learnings

We often think fitness is about pushing harder. More miles. More sweat. More effort.But what if the real secret to lifelong performance and metabolic health lies not in intensity, but in understanding the quiet signals your body sends every day?This week on Live Well Be Well, I'm joined by world renowned physiologist Dr. Iñigo San Millán, director of performance for UAE Team Emirates and one of the leading experts in mitochondrial health, endurance physiology, and chronic metabolic disease. Iñigo has spent decades studying elite athletes and everyday patients, and his work reveals a striking truth. The systems that help world champions thrive are the same systems that protect us from illness, fatigue, and burnout.We explore the science behind training zones, lactate, and metabolic flexibility, but also the human side of energy, longevity, and self trust. Because understanding your physiology is not only about performance. It is about reclaiming your capacity to feel strong, stable, and well in your own life.Here's What We Dive Into:- How mitochondria underpin long-term health and signal metabolic resilience.- Why Zone 2 training improves energy stability and protects against chronic disease.- What lactate truly reveals about your physiology beyond exercise performance.- How elite athletes teach us about metabolic dysfunction and adaptation.- Why nutrition shapes mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity.- What drives burnout and fatigue at the cellular level and how to reverse it.- How to train smarter by listening to heart rate, breath, and internal cues.- Why most people are unintentionally overtraining or undertraining and how to find balance.Love,Sarah Ann

Zone 2 training has become all the rage, but a 2025 review is taking a step back and questioning whether it really produces the gains we thought it does. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Is zone 2 training actually effective for women? In this conversation with Dr. Stacy Sims, she breaks down the science behind Zone 2 and explains why women may need to rethink how they train for fitness and longevity.Dr. Stacy SimsListen to the full episode⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.Watch the full episode on YouTube ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠here⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.⁠⁠⁠***This episode is sponsored by Spatone – the No.1 iron-rich water supplement.This is a product I genuinely believe in — one I've used personally and recommended in the clinic for years. Spatone is a natural iron-rich water that's incredibly gentle on the stomach. No harsh tablets, no digestive upset — just one naturally sourced ingredient that works.If you're looking for iron support that actually feels good to take, this is the one I trust. You can pick up Spatone at Boots: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Spatone Apple Daily Iron Shots + Vitamin C 28 Sachets - Boots⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠**This episode is also sponsored by London Nootropics, the best-in-class adaptogenic coffee I trust. Made with Hifas da Terra mushroom extracts, it supports focus, calm, and energy, and helps you stay sharp throughout the day. Enjoy 20% off with code LIVEWELLBEWELL at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠londonnootropics.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠***If you enjoyed this episode you might also like:Dr. Stacy Sims EXPOSES the Myths Hurting Women's Health | Fasting, Protein & Exercise https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1uksGzoick***Sign up to Sarah's Compassionate Cure newsletter: Science Simplified, Health Humanised. Join thousands in exploring actionable insights that prioritise compassion, clarity, and real-life impact. ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://sarahmacklin.substack.com/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠***Let's be friends!

Today I'll be discussing a topic that I feel gets a bit of a bad rap from a population that may not fully understand it. I'm talking about aerobic conditioning using Zone 2 Training. Topics Include:What is Zone 2 Training?The myths of Zone 2 TrainingWhy its crucial to improving Power endurance and recovery Ready to take your game to the next level? With our holistic and data-driven approach, experienced coaches, and cutting-edge technology, RPP Baseball takes the guesswork out of player development. Twitter https://twitter.com/RPP_Baseball/ Instagram https://www.instagram.com/RPP_Baseball/ Call us at 201-308-3363 Email us at rpp@RocklandPeakPerformance.com Website ...

In this episode of the Discover Strength Podcast, CEO and exercise physiologist Luke Carlson interviews Dr. Brendon Gurd of Queen's University to unpack one of the biggest fitness buzzwords of the last five years: Zone 2 training.Dr. Gurd breaks down his recently published paper in Sports Medicine, titled “Much Ado About Zone 2”, and reveals what the current science says about the efficacy of Zone 2 training for improving mitochondrial function and cardiorespiratory fitness.Listeners will gain clarity on:What Zone 2 actually means in exercise physiologyWhy the 80/20 training model may be misunderstoodHow Zone 2 compares to high-intensity training for mitochondrial adaptationThe myth of the “fat-burning zone”Practical cardio recommendations for busy people who want maximum results in minimal timeWhether you're a biohacker, fitness enthusiast, or strength training purist, this episode will reshape how you think about cardio—and how to integrate it intelligently alongside resistance training.Discover Strength offers free Introductory Workouts at any location across the United States. You can schedule your free Introductory Workout HERE !

My Video On Endurance Training: https://youtu.be/zqga5N-xSsARelated Study: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11986187/Welcome to another episode of the Assemble Performance Podcast! In this solo episode, I dive deep into zone 2 training, an essential yet often misunderstood aspect of running. I discuss what zone 2 training is, why it's important, and how to properly implement it into your training routine. Whether you're a strength athlete new to running or an experienced runner unsure about training zones, this episode offers valuable insights into improving your aerobic capacity, fuel utilization, and overall running performance. I also outline common mistakes people make, explain the best methods to measure zone 2 training, and provide practical advice on how to integrate speed work and progress your training over time.Get 4 FREE Weeks of Hybrid Training: https://assembleperformance.com/4-week-training-plan-page Contact Me IG: https://www.instagram.com/justinsjones/ Email: justin@assembleperformance.com Website: https://assembleperformance.com/ Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@justinjonesfitness

Everyone is talking about Zone 2 training, but few understand the real science behind it. But thanks to a new scientific review, Much Ado About Zone 2: A Narrative Review Assessing The Efficacy of Zone 2 Training for Improving Mitochondrial Capacity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the General Population, the real benefits of Zone 2 training are clear - it's not the regime that many believe is the secret to better fitness and improved fat oxidation. The team speak to the co-author of the review, muscle physiologist Prof. Brendon Gurd from the School of Kinesiology and Health Studies at Queen's University in Canada, who explains how the review was done and the conclusions that were reached. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Hi everyone! Thanks to your questions & comments, there is a lot in this episode! So many topics and things to discuss. From summer training reminders, to the new discussion on the merit of zone 2 training, to talk about Tor de Geants and gear reviews. I hope you learn something and enjoy!    Resources: 1. My episode on HRV - https://runningislifepodcast.podbean.com/e/should-we-use-hrv-as-a-predictor-episode-239/ 2. The book "Feed Zone Portables" I mentioned - https://www.skratchlabs.com/products/feed-zone-portables?srsltid=AfmBOopvi6-4RX4WnU5bw3qJvrMUjsKdm_eS1pzTEaNQy1tUa8eGg8dt 3. Inside Sports Nutrition Podcast on Killian Jornet's Western States nutrition plan - https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/how-high-carb-was-killian-jornet-at-western-states-100-ep-191/id1597491931?i=1000718722764 4. Z2 Training Training Discussions: a. https://uesca.com/podcast/episode-34-the-lore-of-zone-2-the-scientific-reality-with-guest-dr-brendon-gurd/ b. https://www.physiologicallyspeaking.com/p/is-zone-2-training-optimal-for-mitochondrial c. https://stevemagness.substack.com/p/the-debate-over-easy-vs-high-intensity?triedRedirect=true 5. Trail Runner Nation Podcast BS Episode w/ Ian Sharman -https://trailrunnernation.com/2025/07/ep-737-cutting-through-the-bs/ 6. Sisyphus Hill Workout - https://themorningshakeout.com/workout-of-the-week-the-sisyphus-session/#:~:text=One%20set%20of%20repeats%20looks,back%20down%20to%20the%20bottom. Aaron's information: My Socials, Channels, & Newsletter: https://www.facebook.com/MRRUNNINGPAINSCOACHING https://www.instagram.com/runningislifecoaching/ https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQ6J512qA34z_N0KJSU4jfw https://www.strava.com/athletes/18431982  Email - coachsaft@gmail.com Thanks to all of you for listening! Please share the Podcast and please leave a review, rate, & subscribe if you haven't done so already! THANK YOU! Aaron Saft Running Is Life Coaching & Podcast

Is Zone 2 cardio really the key to longevity and fat loss—or have we been misled? In this solo episode, Louisa challenges the fitness status quo and reveals why low-intensity steady-state cardio might be wasting your time—especially if you're a woman. Drawing on new 2025 research and her deep background in exercise physiology, Louisa explains how men and women respond differently to training, and why higher-intensity workouts may be far more effective for improving mitochondrial health, brain aging, VO2 max, and metabolic flexibility. If you're a woman in your 30s, 40s, 50s, or 60s trying to optimize your longevity, brain function, and body composition—this is a must-listen.  True optimization and longevity never come from comfort alone. You'll learn: Why Zone 2 may not improve mitochondrial health like you think The real training zones that boost VO2 max, fat oxidation & brain function How perimenopausal and menopausal women must train differently The exact weekly routine to optimize longevity, body comp & cognition *** Subscribe to The Neuro Experience for more conversations at the intersection of brain science and performance. I'm committed to bringing you evidence-based insights that you can apply to your own health journey. *** A huge thank you to my sponsors for supporting this episode. Check them out and enjoy exclusive discounts: Troscriptions: Head to www.troscription.com/neuro | Code: NEURO for 10% your first order Boncharge: Head to www.boncharge.com | Code: NEURO15 for 15% off Ketone IQ: Head to www.ketone.com/NEURO for 30% OFF your subscription order + receive a free gift with your second shipment. Manukora: Head to www.manukora.com/neuro to save up to 31% plus $25 worth of free gifts with the Starter Kit. *** I'm Louisa Nicola — clinical neuroscientist — Alzheimer's prevention specialist — founder of Neuro Athletics. My mission is to translate cutting-edge neuroscience into actionable strategies for cognitive longevity, peak performance, and brain disease prevention. If you're committed to optimizing your brain — reducing Alzheimer's risk — and staying mentally sharp for life, you're in the right place. Stay sharp. Stay informed. Join thousands who subscribe to the Neuro Athletics Newsletter → https://bit.ly/3ewI5P0 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/louisanicola_/ Twitter : https://twitter.com/louisanicola_ *** Topics discussed: 00:00:00: Exercising in zone 2 is a waste of time 00:00:43: Research that shifted her views, especially for women 00:01:41: What Is Zone 2? – Definition and physiology explained 00:02:17: Zone 2 in Practice – How it's measured in real-world settings  00:03:23: Comfort Zone Training – Why Zone 2 is easy but not effective  00:04:16: Elite Athletes vs. The Rest of Us 00:05:10: Why intensity matters more 00:08:11: Time efficiency and real-life experience 00:09:23: Brain Health & Mitochondria – Higher intensity for cognition  00:10:15: Why Zone 2 doesn't have special signaling power  00:12:25: Why higher zones burn fat better  00:13:35: Zones 1 through 5 explained 00:14:00: Zone 5: The Death Zone 00:15:18: Menopause & Muscle Fibers  00:16:55: Lactate Fuels the Brain 00:18:11: How to Train for Longevity – Resistance, intensity, and logic 00:23:59: VO2 Max   00:26:40: Norwegian 4x4 and weekly training strategy  00:30:00: Resistance Training 101 – 5x5 sets, compound lifts, and strength focus  00:31:38: Zone 2 as Recovery – When and how to actually use it 00:33:07: Final Takeaway – Zone 2 isn't bad, but it shouldn't be your priority 

In recent years “Zone 2 training” has gained immense popularity in fitness and health circles, often being proclaimed the “best” cardiovascular training for metabolic health.  Zone 2 training is sustained, low-intensity exercise below the lactate threshold that is commonly employed by many elite level endurance athletes, with a variety of proposed performance benefits. This led to interest from health-conscious folks about its ability to  improve markers like VO2 max and mitochondrial function, which are associated with better health outcomes and longevity.  Prof. Brendon Gurd, an exercise physiologist at Queen's University, is  the co-author of a recent review published in Sports Medicine that examined some of the claims made around zone 2 training and health in the general population. This episode looks at whether the evidence truly supports Zone 2 as a uniquely effective training zone or if this hype has outpaced the research. These insights help professionals and individuals make evidence-based recommendations and avoid unintended negative consequences of following certain ideas. About The Guest Dr. Brendon Gurd is a Professor in the School of Kinesiology and Health Studies at Queen's University, where his research focuses on exercise physiology and skeletal muscle adaptation. His work explores how different intensities and types of exercise influence mitochondrial content and function in muscle tissue, with the goal of understanding how to optimize health and performance through training. Timestamps [03:23] Discussion with Professor Brendan Gurd [05:56] Zone two training: Mechanisms and misconceptions [10:56] Practical applications and recommendations [22:16] Research gaps and future directions [35:47] Key ideas segment (Sigma Nutrition Premium) Links to Resources Subscribe to Sigma Nutrition Premium Join the Sigma email newsletter for free Enroll in the next cohort of our Applied Nutrition Literacy course List of Sigma's Recommended Resources Review paper: Storoschuk et al., 2025 – Much Ado About Zone 2: A Narrative Review Assessing the Efficacy of Zone 2 Training for Improving Mitochondrial Capacity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the General Population Lecture Slides: Prof. Brendon Gurd – Is Zone 2 the optimal intensity for inducing mitochondrial adaptation?

Zone 2 training changed the way I coach rugby players. In this video, I explain what Zone 2 is, why it works, and how to actually do it right. I cover heart rate, duration, timing etc. If you want better recovery, more endurance, and real match fitness, this is for you.In this episode: 00:00 Intro01:27 Heart Rate Spikes and Zone Two03:49 Overcoming the Hate for Running05:55 Using Heart Rate Monitors07:07 Duration and Frequency of Zone Two Sessions09:21 Zone Two During the Rugby Season10:51 Zone Two Feels Too Easy13:16 Time Management and Zone Two15:27 The Everlasting Benefits of Zone Two17:36 Final ThoughtsJoin Team Rugby MuscleGet personalised 1on1 Coaching from me for S&CGet early access to the ALL-NEW 5-day Rugby Athlete BlueprintSupport the show

Kristy Storschuk, PhD candidate in muscle physiology at Queen's University, discusses the science behind Zone 2 training and fasting, challenging popular myths about their benefits for mitochondrial health and metabolic flexibility.• Zone 2 training may not provide the unique benefits often attributed to it on social media• Research suggests exercise intensity is a more powerful driver of mitochondrial adaptations than staying in specific heart rate zones• Achieving higher volume at intensities above Zone 2 appears more beneficial for metabolic health• Elite athletes do significant Zone 2 training, but their adaptations may primarily come from their high-intensity work• VO2 max is a stronger predictor of all-cause mortality than other metrics• Fasting activates mitochondrial pathways in rodents but shows no similar effect in humans• Humans don't deplete muscle glycogen during fasting the way mice do• Metabolic flexibility refers to the body's ability to switch between fuel sources in different contexts• Many approaches can improve health and fitness – prioritize intensity you can recover fromIf you're interested in learning more about exercise physiology or following Kristy's research, you can find her online discussing the science of exercise metabolism and muscle adaptations.

Is Zone 2 training less effective for female hikers? Inside this episode we explore the subject and if it is something hikers need to be concerned with. == Review referenced in the episode: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39390310/ == Want to get fit, strong and resilient for your hiking adventures? Check out the Online Summit Program: https://www.summitstrength.com.au/online.html  

In dieser Folge spreche ich gemeinsam mit Dr. med. Golo Röhrken über das Thema Longevity – also ein langes, gesundes Leben – und wie ein ausgewogenes Mindset dabei helfen kann, Leistung und Selbstfürsorge in Balance zu halten. Golo ist Arzt, Sportwissenschaftler, Coach und Athlet. Seit über 15 Jahren beschäftigt er sich mit Training, Ernährung, Prävention und der Frage, wie Menschen ihre Leistungsfähigkeit im Einklang mit ihrer Gesundheit langfristig steigern können. Wir tauchen tief in Trainingsprinzipien wie Herzfrequenzzonen, Zone 2 Training und VO₂max ein und klären, warum diese Faktoren wichtige Hebel für Gesundheit und Fitness sind. Ein spannendes Gespräch für alle, die mehr aus ihrem Leben und Training herausholen möchten! Hast du Fragen oder Feedback? Schreib mir gern! ✉️ Mail: kontakt@fitlaura.de Folge mir, [@fit__laura](https://www.instagram.com/fit__laura/), auf Instagram, um tägliche Tipps, Motivation und Rezepte zu erhalten. Kennst du schon meine [App](https://www.fitlaura.de/membership/)? Das All in One Paket für DEINE Gesundheit! Teste sie gerne für 1 Monat, jederzeit kündbar & dich erwarten wöchentlich neue Inhalte zu den Bereichen BODY MIND FOOD. Weiterführende Informationen zu Dr. Golo Röhrken: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/doc_golo/ Podcast: https://open.spotify.com/show/3OgXXaQ1HtvBSav5lvaWAR

Why Zone 2 Changed My Rugby FitnessIn this episode, I break down how Zone 2 training transformed my performance. I cover why it matters for rugby, how to find your Zone 2, avoid common mistakes, and fit it into your week.In today's episode:00:00 Intro01:16 What is Zone 202:39 Why I Use It04:41 My Results10:46 How to Find Your Zone 216:08 How to Add It Weekly20:08 Mistakes I Made24:24 Final ThoughtsYou can now register for the Rugby Specific Fitness Masterclass hereJoin Team Rugby MuscleGet personalised 1on1 Coaching from me for S&CGet early access to the ALL-NEW 5-day Rugby Athlete Blueprint  Support the show

In this episode, I break down 5 rugby conditioning myths that are killing your progress. From overusing team sessions to misusing the Bronco test, I explain why most players train hard but still gas out. I'll also share what actually works — like smart zone 2 work, high-output sprints, and individualized plans. If you want to stop wasting time and get rugby-fit for real, this is the one to listen to.00:00 Introduction and Overview01:31 Myth 104:22 Myth 208:08 Myth 311:02 Myth 413:40 Myth 515:23 Conclusion and Final ThoughtsThanks for watching!! You can now register for the Rugby Specific Fitness Masterclass hereJoin Team Rugby MuscleGet personalised 1on1 Coaching from me for S&CGet early access to the ALL-NEW 5-day Rugby Athlete Blueprint Support the show

In this episode of the Rugby Muscle Podcast, I open up about the biggest mistake I made as a strength & conditioning coach — one that held back my athletes and limited progress more than I realized at the time. It's a commonly overlooked piece of the puzzle, but once I fixed it, the results changed fast. If you're serious about rugby performance, this one's for you.00:00 Intro 01:29 Early Coaching Philosophy and Mistakes02:48 The Shift in Training Philosophy05:17 Realization Through Endurance Athletes07:21 Implementing Aerobic Work09:03 Wrap up You can now register for the Rugby Specific Fitness Masterclass here: https://rugby-muscle.com/fitness-workshopJoin Team Rugby MuscleGet personalised 1on1 Coaching from me for S&CGet early access to the ALL-NEW 5-day Rugby Athlete BlueprintSupport the show

In this episode, Andrew discusses the concepts of Zone 2 and VO2 Max, focusing on their importance in aerobic activities and endurance sports. He explains the definitions, benefits, and training methods associated with Zone 2, emphasizing its role in improving mitochondrial health, cardiovascular fitness, fat burning, and cognitive function. The conversation also highlights the significance of Zone 2 training for both athletes and non-athletes, making it accessible and beneficial for everyone. This conversation delves into the concept of Zone 2 training, its benefits for both endurance and non-endurance athletes, and how to effectively incorporate it into a fitness routine. It also addresses common misconceptions about Zone 2, particularly regarding fat burning and weight loss, and emphasizes the importance of speed training for serious endurance athletes.Chapters00:00 Introduction to Zone 2 and VO2 Max05:48 Defining VO2 Max12:06 Performance Benefits of Zone 2 Training17:50 Cardiovascular Health and Zone 224:00 Cognitive Benefits of Zone 2 Training29:53 Conclusion and Key Takeaways35:22 How to Effectively Train in Zone 243:30 Common Misconceptions About Zone 2 Training56:05 The Truth About Fat Burning and Weight Loss01:02:24 The Role of Speed Training in Endurance SportsThe Co-Movement Gym Podcast is supported by Native Path Supplements and Lombardi Chiropractic. 

Recently, some prominent researchers have suggested that women need far less zone 2 training than previously thought. Physiologists Julie Young and Dr. Dana Lis join us to debate that question. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dr. Inigo San Milan: Leading Expert in Metabolism, Exercise Physiology, and Cancer ResearchDr. Inigo San Milan is a globally recognized expert in metabolic health, exercise science, Zone 2 training, mitochondrial function, and cancer metabolism.His groundbreaking research has transformed the understanding of lactate, highlighting its role not just in athletic performance but also in metabolic diseases, cancer progression, and longevity. As a strong advocate of Zone 2 training, Dr. San Milan has demonstrated how it boosts mitochondrial efficiency, improves endurance, enhances fat metabolism, and supports overall healthspan.His pioneering approach explores cancer treatment through metabolic optimization, shifting the focus from traditional gene-targeted therapies to cellular energy balance and metabolic interventions. Dr. San Milan's work provides a science-backed strategy for disease prevention, peak performance, and longevity through targeted metabolic conditioning.Sponsors:ZocDoc: https://www.zocdoc.com/neuroHone Health Hormone Testing: https://honehealth.com/Momentous - Use code NEURO to get 20% off your order - https://www.livemomentous.com/neuroTimestamps0:00 Revolutionizing Cancer Treatment Through Metabolism Optimization5:00 Exploring Skeletal Muscle's Role in Cancer Prevention and Treatment13:14 Lactate's Role in Cancer and Metabolic Disorders18:21 Nanoparticles in Cancer Treatment and Funding Challenges22:21 Understanding Zone 2 Training and Its Potential Health Benefits25:52 Understanding Exercise Zones and Metabolic Fuel Sources31:39 The Benefits of Zone Two Training for Longevity and Health40:50 Rethinking Exercise Guidelines for Optimal Health43:11 Exploring the Impact of Zone 2 Exercise on Cancer50:41 Optimizing Exercise for Cancer Prevention and LongevityThe Neuro Athletics Newsletter Instagram: @louisanicola_Twitter : @louisanicola_YouTube: @Louisa NicolaThe Neuro Experience Podcast is proud to have hosted: Dr Andrew Huberman, Dr Gabrielle Lyon, Dr Layne Norton, Thomas DeLauer, Shawn Stevenson, Dr. Rocio Salas-Whalen, Saad Alam, Uma Naidoo, Dr. Lanna Cheuck, Angela Lee Pucci, Jillian Turecki, Dr. Jordan Feigenbaum, Dr. Darren Candow, Dr. Sue Varma, Evy Poumpouras, Dr Casey Means, Renee Deehan, Dr Chris Palmer, Dr Charles Brenner, Dr Joe Zundell, Dr Ray Dorsy, Dr Dale Bredeson, Dr. Ben Bikman

OVERVIEWThere's a misconception that mixing higher-intensity intervals and Zone 2 aerobic endurance riding in the same session is bad. The contention is that exposure to higher intensities hinders the stimulus that leads to improved fat oxidation. Coach Adam Pulford dispels this myth and explains how training zones work together and can be used in additive and complementary ways.TOPICS COVEREDHow training intensities complement each other rather than cancel each otherAspects of fitness that can be improved at ALL INTENSITIESThe limitation of focusing too much on improving fat oxidationHow progressive overload works to gradually build fitnessASK A QUESTION FOR A FUTURE PODCASTLINKS/RESOURCESIs Zone 2 Training Overhyped or Under Appreciated? #41 - Zone 2 training: why all the talk? With Dr Andrew CogganRethinking the role of fat oxidation: substrate utilisation during high-intensity interval training in well-trained and recreationally trained runnersForums: https://www.reddit.com/r/HubermanLab/comments/13cgwgb/zone_2_after_hiit/https://www.trainerroad.com/forum/t/high-zone-2-vs-sweet-spot-intervals/24263/2Sweet Spot Training In The Winter/Base Phase: Yes Or No? Physiological Benefits of Sweet Spot TrainingHOSTAdam Pulford has been a CTS Coach for nearly two decades and holds a B.S. in Exercise Physiology. He's participated in and coached hundreds of athletes for endurance events all around the world.Listen to the episode on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Stitcher, Google Podcasts, or on your favorite podcast platformGET FREE TRAINING CONTENTJoin our weekly newsletterCONNECT WITH CTSWebsite: trainright.comInstagram: @cts_trainrightTwitter: @trainrightFacebook: @CTSAthlete

In this first episode of 2025, Dr. Scott Watier and Tommy Welling break down the powerful combination of fasting and exercise for optimal health outcomes. They explore five distinct types of workouts - from post-meal walks to fasted training - explaining how each uniquely impacts metabolic markers and complements a fasting lifestyle. Using real-time glucose monitoring data and research-backed evidence, they demonstrate how strategic exercise choices can enhance fasting results while building sustainable fitness habits, offering listeners practical ways to maximize their health journey in the new year. ***JOIN THE NEXT MASTER YOUR FASTING CHALLENGE THAT STARTS Jan 29th, 2025!*** We'll GUIDE you how to FAST to LOSE FAT for good, and use 'fast cycling' to achieve uncommon results! REGISTER HERE! Click the Link for DATES, DETAILS, and FAQs! Resources and Downloads: SIGN UP FOR THE DROP OF THE ULTIMATE GUIDE TO BLOOD SUGAR CONTROL GRAB THE OPTIMAL RANGES FOR LAB WORK HERE! - NEW RESOURCE! - December 2024 FREE RESOURCE - DOWNLOAD THE NEW BLUEPRINT TO FASTING FOR FAT LOSS! SLEEP GUIDE DIRECT DOWNLOAD DOWNLOAD THE FASTING TRANSFORMATION JOURNAL HERE! Partner Links: Get your FREE BOX OF LMNT hydration support for the perfect electrolyte balance for your fasting lifestyle with your first purchase here! Get 30% off a Keto-Mojo blood glucose and ketone monitor (discount shown at checkout)! Click here! Our Community: Let's continue the conversation. Click the link below to JOIN the Fasting For Life Community, a group of like-minded, new, and experienced fasters! The first two rules of fasting need not apply! If you enjoy the podcast, would you please tap on the stars below and consider leaving a short review on Apple Podcasts/iTunes? It takes less than 60 seconds, and it helps bring you the best original content each week. We also enjoy reading them! Article Links:

In this tactical episode, I break down the specific methods to train your energy systems for pickleball performance. Building on last week's energy systems overview, I provide detailed protocols for both doubles and singles players to optimize their conditioning. Learn: The optimal zone 2 training approach for pickleball players A powerful weight training method that builds endurance Why most players train explosiveness incorrectly How to build lactic power & capacity for singles play The critical timing of different training protocols The exact formula to calculate your training zones Join the Ultimate Pickleball Off-Season Program. Click here to learn more. Get my weekly newsletter - Adaptation Book Erik for your next event Start AIM7 for Free Quotable moments: "Most people spend too much time on interval training and not enough time on aerobic capacity zone two stuff." - Dr. Erik Korem "Power and speed are the things that decline the fastest as we age. It's critical to maintain these qualities." - Dr. Erik Korem ABOUT THE BLUEPRINT PODCAST: The BluePrint Podcast is for busy professionals and Household CEOs who care deeply about their families, career, and health. Host Dr. Erik Korem distills cutting edge-science, leadership, and life skills into simple tactics optimized for your busy lifestyle and goals.   Dr. Korem interviews scientists, coaches, elite athletes, entrepreneurs, entertainers, and exceptional people to discuss science and practical skills you can implement to become the most healthy, resilient, and impactful version of yourself. On a mission to equip people to pursue audacious goals, thrive in uncertainty, and live a healthy and fulfilled life, Dr. Erik Korem is a High-Performance pioneer. He introduced sports science and athlete-tracking technologies to collegiate and professional (NFL) football over a decade ago. He has worked with the National Football League, Power-5 NCAA programs, gold-medal Olympians, Nike, and the United States Department of Defense. Erik is an expert in sleep and stress resilience. He is the Founder and CEO of AIM7, the #1 pickleball health and performance app that helps pickleball players win more, recovery faster, and prevent pain and injury. SUPPORT & CONNECT Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/erikkorem/ Twitter - https://twitter.com/ErikKorem LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/erik-korem-phd-19991734/ Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/erikkorem Website - https://www.erikkorem.com/ Newsletter - https://adaptation.beehiiv.com/subscribeSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Angela meets Paul Larsen, a former triathlete and expert in high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and fat metabolism, who shares his journey from competitive sports to academia, detailing his extensive research and work with Olympic programs in Australia and New Zealand. Together they examine the importance of understanding training stress versus life stress, the benefits of zone 2 training for recovery and fat metabolism, and how wearable technology can optimise training plans KEY TAKEAWAYS The heart rate zones are crucial for optimising training. Zone 2, calculated as 180 minus your age, is essential for enhancing fat metabolism and overall endurance. It's important to avoid spending too much time in Zone 3, as it can lead to increased cortisol levels and hinder fat loss. Engaging in low-intensity activities, such as walking, can significantly improve recovery, enhance fat metabolism, and support overall health. These activities help balance the nervous system and promote better sleep. HIIT involves longer intervals (2-5 minutes) that improve cardiovascular fitness and VO2 max, while SIT consists of short, maximal efforts (20-40 seconds) that recruit fast-twitch muscle fibres and enhance mitochondrial density. Both training stress and life stress impact heart rate variability and overall health. Managing life stressors is crucial for maintaining a healthy metabolic state, as high stress can lead to increased insulin levels and central adiposity. BEST MOMENTS "It's always the context over the content. Every person listening here is a little bit different."  "The heart rate variability is a surrogate of the status of the balance of the nervous system."  "If you can just get out there, get out the door, and do just what you said, you'll get quite a bit." "Zone three gets some general bad rap because it's so easy for us to kind of move into this one." VALUABLE RESOURCES Get a free snapshot of your health and personalised report at www.yourtotalhealthcheck.com Join The High Performance Health Community Save 15% on Qualia Mind with Code ANGELA15 at http://www.qualialife.com/angela ABOUT THE HOST Angela Foster is an award winning Nutritionist, Health & Performance Coach, Speaker and Host of the High Performance Health podcast. A former Corporate lawyer turned industry leader in biohacking and health optimisation for women, Angela has been featured in various media including Huff Post, Runners world, The Health Optimisation Summit, BrainTap, The Women's Biohacking Conference, Livestrong & Natural Health Magazine. Angela is the creator of BioSyncing®️ a blueprint for ambitious entrepreneurial women to biohack their health so they can 10X how they show up in their business and their family without burning out. Angela's BioSyncing®️ Blueprint is currently closed. Click here to get on the waitlist. The High Performance Health Podcast is a top rated global podcast. Each week, Angela brings you a new insight, biohack or high performance habit to help you unlock optimal health, longevity and higher performance. Hit the follow button to make sure you get notified each time Angela releases a new episode.   CONTACT DETAILS Instagram Facebook LinkedIn Affiliate Disclaimer: Note this description contains affiliate links that allow you to find the items mentioned in this video and support the channel at no cost to you. While this channel may earn minimal sums when the viewer uses the links, the viewer is under no obligation to use these links. Thank you for supporting the show! Disclaimer: The High Performance Health Podcast is for general information purposes only and do not constitute the practice of professional or coaching advice and no client relationship is formed. The use of information on this podcast, or materials linked from this podcast is at the user's own risk. The content of this podcast is not intended to be a substitute for medical or other professional advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Users should seek the assistance of their medical doctor or other health care professional for before taking any steps to implement any of the items discussed in this podcast.

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Have a question you want answered? Submit it here!Full Episode Releases September 10th!Ever wondered why Zone 2 training is the secret weapon for boosting mitochondrial health and not just another buzzword in fitness? Join us as we unlock the science behind exercise intensities and navigate through the five distinct training zones. You'll discover where Zone 2 fits in—just below the first lactate threshold—keeping fat oxidation high and preventing lactate buildup. We break down how heart rate can be used as an indirect measure of these zones and emphasize the importance of understanding individual physiological differences. We also delve into how your fitness level dictates when lactate begins to accumulate, influencing the effectiveness of your workouts.Maximizing your Zone 2 training can drastically enhance mitochondrial efficiency and build essential physiological systems. We'll reveal why lower-intensity exercise harnesses fat for energy, unlike high-intensity workouts that shift towards carbohydrates. Understand the crossover concept, where your body transitions from burning fat to carbohydrates, and get insights into sex differences in exercise. Premenopausal women, in particular, may have an edge in fat oxidation during sub-maximal exercise. We also explore the mitochondrial capacity in female training, comparing moderately trained females to their male counterparts, and discuss why training status and response are crucial for metabolic health. Don't miss out on this comprehensive guide to mastering Zone 2 training and optimizing your fitness journey.Your Host: Kimberly Beam Holmes, Expert in Self-Improvement and RelationshipsKimberly Beam Holmes has applied her master's degree in psychology for over ten years, acting as the CEO of Marriage Helper & CEO and Creator of PIES University, being a wife and mother herself, and researching how attraction affects relationships. Her videos, podcasts, and following reach over 500,000 people a month who are making changes and becoming the best they can be.

After a number of inquiries about heart rate zones and the best ways to train, we brought back a very popular episode featuring WHOOP Global Head of Human Performance, Principal Scientist, Kristen Holmes and endurance coach Paul Laursen. Paul is a Zone 2 cardio expert and has competed in 17 Ironman triathlons. He is the Co-Founder and CEO of HIIT Science and co-host of the Training Science Podcast. He's published over 150 scientific manuscripts and had his work cited more than 15,00 times. Kristen and Paul will discuss how Paul got started training and teaching (3:05), the relationship between the cardiovascular system and the nervous system (6:13), defining the different training zones (10:48), creating a weekly program with cardio zones (24:51), staying balanced with your training (29:08), autonomic recovery and Zone 2 as an active recovery tool (35:17), how Zone 2 can be linked to hormone levels (36:57), Paul's paper on metabolism and burning fat (41:51), the best medium for Zone 2 training (47:49), training for longevity and VO2 max (50:51), and how Paul thinks about sleep with his athletes (52:38).Resources:Paul's WebsitePaul's TwitterHIIT ScienceAutonomic Recovery after Exercise in Trained AthletesAthletes: Fit but UnhealthyFat Oxidation during HIITFollow WHOOPwww.whoop.comTrial WHOOP for FreeInstagramTikTokXFacebookLinkedInFollow Will AhmedInstagramXLinkedInFollow Kristen HolmesInstagramLinkedInSupport the Show.

View the Show Notes Page for This Episode Become a Member to Receive Exclusive Content Sign Up to Receive Peter's Weekly Newsletter Iñigo San-Millán is an internationally renowned applied physiologist and a previous guest on The Drive. His research and clinical work focuses on exercise-related metabolism, metabolic health, diabetes, cancer metabolism, nutrition, sports performance, and critical care. In this episode, Iñigo describes how his work with Tour de France winner Tadej Pogačar has provided insights into the amazing potential of elite athletes from a performance and metabolic perspective. He speaks specifically about lactate levels, fat oxidation, how carbohydrates in food can affect our lactate and how equal lactate outputs between an athlete and a metabolically unhealthy individual can mean different things. Next, he discusses how Zone 2 training boosts mitochondrial function and impacts longevity. He explains the different metrics for assessing one's Zone 2 threshold and describes the optimal dose, frequency, duration, and type of exercise for Zone 2. Additionally, he offers his thoughts on how to incorporate high intensity training (Zone 5) to optimize health, as well as the potential of metformin and NAD to boost mitochondrial health. Finally, he discusses insights he's gathered from studying the mitochondria of long COVID patients in the ICU. We discuss: The amazing potential of cyclist Tadej Pogačar [2:00]; Metrics for assessing athletic performance in cyclists and how that impacts race strategy [7:30]; The impact of performance-enhancing drugs and the potential for transparency into athletes' data during competition [16:15]; Tadej Pogačar's race strategy and mindset at the Tour de France [23:15]; Defining Zone 2, fat oxidation, and how they are measured [26:00]; Using fat and carbohydrate utilization to calculate the mitochondrial function and metabolic flexibility [35:00]; Lactate levels and fat oxidation as it relates to Zone 2 exercise [39:15]; How moderately active individuals should train to improve metabolic function and maximize mitochondrial performance [51:00]; Bioenergetics of the cell and what is different in elite athletes [56:30]; How the level of carbohydrate in the diet and ketogenic diets affects fuel utilization and power output during exercise [1:07:45]; Glutamine as a source for making glycogen—insights from studying the altered metabolism of ICU patients [1:14:15]; How exercise mobilizes glucose transporters—an important factor in diabetic patients [1:20:15]; Metrics for finding Zone 2 threshold—lactate, heart rate, and more [1:24:00]; Optimal Zone 2 training: dose, frequency, duration, and type of exercise [1:40:30]; How to incorporate high intensity training (Zone 5) to increase VO2 max and optimize fitness [1:50:30]; Compounding benefits of Zone 2 exercise and how we can improve metabolic health into old age [2:01:00]; The effects of metformin, NAD, and supplements on mitochondrial function [2:04:30]; The role of lactate and exercise in cancer [2:12:45]; How assessing metabolic parameters in long COVID patients provides insights into this disease [2:18:30]; The advantages of using cellular surrogates of metabolism instead of VO2 max for prescribing exercise [2:25:00]; Metabolomics reveals how cellular metabolism is altered in sedentary individuals [2:33:00]; Cellular changes in the metabolism of people with diabetes and metabolic syndrome [2:38:30]; and More. Connect With Peter on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and YouTube