Podcasts about Heinrich Hertz

Der württembergische Ministerpräsident Christian Mergenthaler spricht im Stuttgarter Staatstheater über die Kultur im Rundfunk. Heinrich Hertz und "die wunderbaren Gebilde der elektrischen Wellen". Elektronen füllen uns mit Andacht. Wenn die Stimme des Führers zu einem 60-Millionen-Volk spricht. Gibt außer Buchdruckkunst-Erfindung nichts Größeres als diese Übertragung der Rede. Technik ist nicht kulturfeindlich. Schwäbische Stämme gehen in die Tiefe. Soldatische Auffassung. Kulturelle Schöpfungen des Schwabenlandes. Kepler, Hölderlin, Schiller. Trotz unserer Liebe zu Schwaben gibt es für uns nur ein Vaterland: Deutschland.

STERNENGESCHICHTEN LIVE TOUR 2025! Nächste Shows in ESCHWEILER (26. Mai) und MÜNCHEN (4. Juni). Tickets unter https://sternengeschichten.live Ohne digitale Bilder wäre die Astronomie heute nicht das, was sie ist. Der Ursprung dieser Technologie liegt in ein paar schlauen Gedanken über Licht, die Albert Einstein vor mehr als 100 Jahren gehabt hat. Was er sich gedacht hat, erfahrt ihr in der neuen Folge der Sternengeschichten. Wer den Podcast finanziell unterstützen möchte, kann das hier tun: Mit PayPal (https://www.paypal.me/florianfreistetter), Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/sternengeschichten) oder Steady (https://steadyhq.com/sternengeschichten)

Ever wondered how hallucinogens like Salvia Divinorum affect the brain? In this episode, Neurofeedback legend Jay Gunkelman shares insights from a groundbreaking EEG study that captured 10-second, 1000-microvolt brain waves during a live altered state experiment. We also dive deep into the neurochemistry of consciousness, the science of near-death experiences, and why EEG analysis needs an upgrade. Plus, what does modern neuroscience say about autism, epileptiform content, and brain feedback loops?

Deutschland steht für Ingenieurskunst, exzellente Ausbildung und eine starke Industrie. Doch bei Zukunftstechnologien droht das Land ins Hintertreffen zu geraten. Es gibt eine sehr gute Hochschullandschaft, aber "wenn unsere Startups Geld aus Kalifornien bekommen, gehen die guten Ideen eben nach Kalifornien", sagt Oliver Kraft, Vizepräsident des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT). Besonders in den Zukunftsbranchen wiederholt sich dieses Muster: Photovoltaik, Batterietechnologie, Künstliche Intelligenz - überall gab es vielversprechende Ansätze, doch oft fehlte der langfristige Wille zur Förderung.Besonders bitter: Es mangelt nicht an klugen Köpfen oder innovativen Ideen, sondern an finanzieller und struktureller Unterstützung. In den 2000er Jahren war Deutschland führend in der Solartechnologie, bevor Unternehmen reihenweise aufgegeben haben oder ins Ausland abgewandert sind. "Unsere Photovoltaik-Industrie haben wir erst einmal aus dem Land vertrieben - und jetzt tun wir es gerade zum zweiten Mal", warnt Kraft.Auch in der Batterietechnik sah es gut aus: "Vor 15 Jahren waren wir in der Forschung zur Lithium-Ionen-Batterie weit vorn und haben auch das aufgegeben, weil die deutsche Industrie abgewunken hat", so Kraft. Dasselbe drohe nun im Bereich der Künstlichen Intelligenz: Während in den USA Milliarden in KI-Startups fließen, läuft die Förderung in Deutschland eher schleppend.Doch nicht alles sieht düster aus. 2024 feierte das KIT sein 200-jähriges Bestehen - eine Hochschule, die Pionierleistungen hervorgebracht hat: Das damalige Polytechnikum Karlsruhe war Vorbild für das berühmte Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in den USA. Carl Benz studierte in Karlsruhe, bevor er das Automobil erfand. Heinrich Hertz entdeckte die elektromagnetischen Wellen, die später Basis für Funk, WLAN und Mobilfunk wurden. Otto Lehmann legte mit der Erforschung von Flüssigkristallen den Grundstein für moderne Displays.Karlsruhe entwickelt sich durch das KIT immer mehr zu einem Hotspot für IT-Unternehmen - über 50 Prozent der Gewerbesteuereinnahmen der Stadt kommen mittlerweile aus der Tech-Branche. Auch bei Ausgründungen gibt es Lichtblicke: "Startups aus dem KIT wurden von großen Playern wie Zoom übernommen, die hier Entwicklungszentren aufbauen", erzählt Kraft. Diese Dynamik müsse auf andere Technologiefelder ausgeweitet werden, damit Deutschland nicht an globalem Einfluss verliere.Ein vielversprechender Bereich ist die Materialwissenschaft, in der das KIT eine Vorreiterrolle spielt. Hier wird mit Künstlicher Intelligenz an autonomen Laboren geforscht, die neue Werkstoffe schneller entdecken und entwickeln als je zuvor. Wie das funktioniert und wieso Oliver Kraft trotz aller Schwierigkeiten positiv auf den Standort Deutschland blickt, erzählt er in der neuen Folge von "So techt Deutschland". Sie haben Fragen für Frauke Holzmeier und Andreas Laukat? Dann schreiben Sie eine E-Mail an sotechtdeutschland@ntv.de Alle Rabattcodes und Infos zu unseren Werbepartnern finden Sie hier: https://linktr.ee/sotechtdeutschlandUnsere allgemeinen Datenschutzrichtlinien finden Sie unter https://datenschutz.ad-alliance.de/podcast.htmlWir verarbeiten im Zusammenhang mit dem Angebot unserer Podcasts Daten. Wenn Sie der automatischen Übermittlung der Daten widersprechen wollen, klicken Sie hier: https://datenschutz.ad-alliance.de/podcast.htmlUnsere allgemeinen Datenschutzrichtlinien finden Sie unter https://art19.com/privacy. Die Datenschutzrichtlinien für Kalifornien sind unter https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info abrufbar.

News; birthdays/events (LAUREN!!!); all technology comes with pros and cons...we all seem to want the pros...but not the cons!; word of the day. News; game: general trivia; what is something a hotel should provide...but don't; sfa...bad dad jokes. News; game: mindtrap; what kind of music would you listen to in an MRI?; should we set limits on tourism? News; game: movie password; why are we so stressed out when our kids play sports?; goodbye/fun facts....National Radio Day celebrates that radio continues to impact the world for the better! The first person to identify radio waves was a German physicist Heinrich Hertz in 1886. But it took about three decades for a practical receiver to be invented, which was due to the work of Italian inventor, Gulielmo Marconi. The film and television industry has paid heed to the world of radio in various ways, through movies and TV shows like: news radio, frasier, good morning vietnam. 

En 1875, el escocés James Maxwell publicó su teoría sobre las ondas magnéticas pilar fundamental para la invención de la radio. Tres años más tarde, en 1888, el alemán Heinrich Hertz crea el primer detector y transmisor de ondas electromagnéticas  En mil 1895, Guglielmo Marconi, italiano, inventa el primer receptor de ondas hertzianas. Aleksandr Popov, científico ruso, inventa la primera antena electromagnética en 1896 Un año después, en 1897, el serbio Nikola Tesla presenta la patente para el primer radiotransmisor Es el año de 1899 y el italiano Guglielmo Marconi realiza la primera transmisión de país a país, de Inglaterra a Francia. Un año más tarde, en 1900, el canadiense Reginald Fessenden, realiza la primera emisión radiofónica desde Massachusetts Llega la I Guerra Mundial y en 1914 la radio se utiliza como elemento comunicativo entre los ejércitos Para 1922, el inglés John Reith funda en Londres, la BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) En 1927, el norteamericano George Frost inventa la primera radio diseñada para utilizarse en un automóvil Es en 1933 cuando otro norteamericano, Edwin Amstrong, inventa la emisión de radio en F.M. la conocida frecuencia modulada. En 1946 se realiza un evento trascendental; O.N.U., realiza su primera emisión radial un 13 de febrero, instituyéndose a partir de ese día, el día mundial de La Radio. Llega el año de 1948 y con él el transistor básico para el radio portátil, una invención del estadounidense William Shockley. Para 1963, el también norteamericano John Robinson Pierce propone su teoría de los tubos de ondas progresivas haciendo posible con ello, la radio satelital. 30 años después,1993 el estadounidense Carl Malamud, inventa la radio por internet, tan usual en nuestros tiempos. En el 2001, hace casi un cuarto de siglo, el norteamericano Dave Winer prueba el concepto de podcast en su blog de Radio Userland. Cerramos este recorrido donde conocimos a algunos de quienes hicieron posible la radio, con una frase del locutor argentino Héctor Larrea: “... nada me abrió los brazos, nada me hizo pasear el alma, nadie me mimó y nada me dio todo lo que la radio me ofreció.”

Este episodio coincide con la semana del Día Mundial de la Radio, y en él os hablamos de los avances científicos que fueron necesarios para llegar a la radio, al aparato, porque el desarrollo fue rapidísimo. Treinta años antes de los primeros experimentos de Marconi la gente ni siquiera imaginaba que las ondas de radio pudieran existir: fueron una serie de descubrimientos, primero teóricos y después experimentales, los que convirtieron la radio en una realidad científica lista para ser transformada en tecnología. Hoy os contamos esa historia, de la mano de sus dos protagonistas más importantes: James Clerk Maxwell y Heinrich Hertz. Si os interesa el asunto de las fuentes naturales de radio podéis escuchar dos episodios de nuestro pódcast hermano, La Brújula de la Ciencia, que dedicamos en exclusiva a ellos. En el capítulo s07e26 hablamos de las ondas de radio que produce nuestro planeta y en el s08e21 hablamos de la radio que nos llega del espacio exterior. Este programa se emitió originalmente el 15 de febrero de 2024. Podéis escuchar el resto de audios de Más de Uno en la app de Onda Cero y en su web, ondacero.es

Con Alberto Aparici viajamos a la prehistoria de la radio, para conocer la historia de los otros padres de la radio, dos personas sin las cuales ni siquiera habría existido la idea de construir un aparato de radio: James Clerk Maxwell y Heinrich Hertz. ¿Cuál fue el experimento de Hertz para poner en práctica lo que eran únicamente ideas en la cabeza de Maxwell? ¿Qué son las ondas electromagnéticas y cómo funcionan? Con todo esto, acabamos hablando de la relación entre nuestras cocinas de inducción y los principios físicos de las ondas de radio, y de las ondas de radio que existen en la naturaleza. 

Con Alberto Aparici viajamos a la prehistoria de la radio, para conocer la historia de los otros padres de la radio, dos personas sin las cuales ni siquiera habría existido la idea de construir un aparato de radio: James Clerk Maxwell y Heinrich Hertz. ¿Cuál fue el experimento de Hertz para poner en práctica lo que eran únicamente ideas en la cabeza de Maxwell? ¿Qué son las ondas electromagnéticas y cómo funcionan? Con todo esto, acabamos hablando de la relación entre nuestras cocinas de inducción y los principios físicos de las ondas de radio, y de las ondas de radio que existen en la naturaleza. 

Seit etwa einem halben Jahr befindet sich der deutsche Kommunikationssatellit Heinrich Hertz im All. Er verfügt über eine Vielzahl neuer Instrumente und Verfahren, die im All einem Praxistest unterzogen werden. Der Satellit ist sehr flexibel nutzbar. Lorenzen, Dirkwww.deutschlandfunk.de, Sternzeit

Foundations of Amateur Radio Cars have been here for well over a century and so has radio. Cars pretty much start when Carl Benz first applied for a patent for his "vehicle powered by a gas engine" on the 29th of January 1886 which is regarded as the birth certificate for automobiles. Radio starts as a thing when Heinrich Hertz proves that radio waves exist in 1888. Since then things have changed, a lot. Today, both these technologies, cars and radio, are everywhere. It's estimated that there are 1.47 billion vehicles on the planet today, in contrast, there are only 44 thousand broadcasters across the globe, serving about 4 billion people, or half the population. So, cars win, right? Not so fast. The Wi-Fi Alliance estimates that there's 3.8 billion Wi-Fi devices being shipped this year alone and there's about 19.5 billion in use. Many of those are mobile phones, so they're not only using Wi-Fi, but GSM, CDMA, 3G, 4G or 5G radios. In many cases they'll have Bluetooth on board and will be receiving GPS information from the currently five constellations in orbit around Earth. Some will even have an FM receiver on board, just to cram another radio inside the same box. To give you a better sense of scale, 2022 saw 4.9 billion Bluetooth devices shipped. In 2010 it was estimated that there were a billion GPS users, today there are more than six billion users being served by GPS systems for positioning, navigation and precision timing. I haven't even talked about other uses of radio, like radar, astronomy, remote sensing, remote control, keyless entry and countless other related and interconnected technologies. So, while there's a car for every five or so people, there's at least two Wi-Fi radios per person and probably more like a dozen radios per person when you start counting those embedded in our daily lives. So, why is it that we have an estimated car enthusiast population of 10% and an estimated radio amateur population of 0.04%? It's not to do with the popularity of the topic. Google trends shows that both cars and radio are consistently trending downwards at about 2% each year since 2016. Radio is consistently twice as popular as cars. When you rank the global popularity of cars vs radio, out of 47 countries, 40 countries care more about radio than cars. South Africa and India care about cars 74% to 26% radio, even New Zealand, 56% vs 44%, cars to radio. At the other end of the scale, Peru, 2% cars, 98% radio. Germany, home for both Heinrich Hertz and Carl Benz, 92% radio, 8% cars. Popular search engines aside, there are other places to look for content. Take platforms like Prime Video, Netflix, Apple TV+ and YouTube. When you search for radio or cars on those platforms it's interesting to see what comes back and explore how relevant it is. I'll encourage you to do the experiment, but as a surprise to nobody, the results are universally woeful but illustrative. Searching for cars returns mostly relevant content, but a search for radio brings back results that have absolutely nothing to do with the topic. Seriously, on Netflix, two documentaries about Pele and Beckham, both famous footballers, neither known for their interaction with radio, rank higher than a documentary on Prime about radio astronomy, cunningly titled, wait for it: "Radio Astronomy". Even the initially promising Netflix result "Amateur" in response to the term "radio" is about a 14 year old basketball player navigating the dark side of sports. While we're at it, just for giggles, I checked the closed captioning for the movie and the word "radio" doesn't appear in the movie, at all. Speaking of representation, Netflix recently published their entire list of content for the first half of the year. The word radio appears exactly once, "John Mulaney: Kid Gorgeous at Radio City" and that doesn't even turn up as a search result when you go looking for "radio". The word "cars" appears 18 times in the Netflix library. So, why is it that topics like "radio", which is demonstrably twice as popular as "cars", and perhaps a dozen times more, let's call it, numerous, in society, has such a poor showing and what can we as connoisseurs on the topic of "radio" do about this? Cars are represented in a plethora of movies, series and shows featuring reviews, mods, restorations and entertainment. There's topic specific channels and social media. There's shops, events, races and so much car merchandise. Is that what's missing in radio, or more specifically, amateur radio, marketing, or is it something else? I'm keen to hear your thoughts. My email address is cq@vk6flab.com, get in touch. For my efforts, I'm publishing my podcast on YouTube and manually working my way through my back catalogue of over six hundred episodes, complete with a, YouTube imposed, limited five thousand character summary of the transcript, just to increase the chances of radio being a relevant search result when someone who's interested in our community comes looking. I'm Onno VK6FLAB

Wer ins All will, braucht eine Rakete. Europa wollte ins All, also hat es sich eine Rakete gebaut. Warum die "Ariane 5" eine ganz besondere Rakete ist, erfahrt ihr in der neuen Folge der Sternengeschichten. Wer den Podcast finanziell unterstützen möchte, kann das hier tun: Mit PayPal (https://www.paypal.me/florianfreistetter), Patreon (https://www.patreon.com/sternengeschichten) oder Steady (https://steadyhq.com/sternengeschichten)

Der erste Versuch endete vor fast dreißig Jahren nach 37 Sekunden in einem Feuerball. Heute um 23:30 Uhr ist der letzte Start einer Ariane-5-Rakete vom europäischen Weltraumzentrum in Kourou in Französisch-Guayana geplant. Das Baumuster geht gewissermaßen in Rente, aber vorher bringt die europäische Rakete unter anderem noch den deutschen Kommunikationssatelliten "Heinrich Hertz" in seine Umlaufbahn. Wie sich so ein Raketenstart ganz aus der Nähe anfühlt, das weiß Reinhard Hildebrandt recht genau. Er war viele Jahre Leiter der europäischen Startmannschaft in Kourou und hat mit SWR Aktuell Moderator Stefan Eich über seine Erlebnisse gesprochen.

In 1887, the German physicist Heinrich Hertz discovered radio waves.  While the first practical use of this discovery was communication, there were also some who realized that radio waves could serve another purpose.  It was possible to use these radio waves to detect objects at a distance. It was something that revolutionized warfare and weather forecasting and might revolutionize consumer technology.  Learn more about RADAR, how it works, and how it was developed on this episode of Everything Everywhere Daily. Subscribe to the podcast!  https://link.chtbl.com/EverythingEverywhere?sid=ShowNotes -------------------------------- Executive Producer: Charles Daniel Associate Producers: Peter Bennett & Thor Thomsen   Become a supporter on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/everythingeverywhere Update your podcast app at newpodcastapps.com Discord Server: https://discord.gg/UkRUJFh Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/everythingeverywhere/ Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/EverythingEverywhere Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/everythingeverywheredaily Twitter: https://twitter.com/everywheretrip Website: https://everything-everywhere.com/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Foundations of Amateur Radio Our community is full of TLAs, or three letter acronyms. Some of them more useful than others. For example, I can tell you thank you for the QSO, I'm going QRT, QSY to my QTH. Or, thanks for the chat, I'll just shut up and take my bat and ball and go home. Acronyms arise every day and it came as no surprise to spot a new one in the wild the other day, SHF. It was in a serious forum, discussing antennas if I recall, so I didn't blink and looked it up. Super High Frequency. Okay, so, where's that? I'm familiar with VHF and UHF and as radio amateurs we're often found somewhere on HF, that's Very High Frequency, Ultra High Frequency and High Frequency if you're curious. Turns out that the ITU, the International Telecommunications Union has an official list, of course it does. The current ITU "Radio Regulations" is the 2020 edition. It's great bedtime reading. Volume one of four, Chapter one of ten, Article two of three, Section one of three, Provision 2.1 starts off with these words: "The radio spectrum shall be subdivided into nine frequency bands, which shall be designated by progressive whole numbers in accordance with the following table." When you look at this table you'll discover it starts with band number four and ends with band number twelve, between them covering 3 kHz to 3000 GHz. In position ten you'll see the designation "SHF", covering 3 to 30 GHz, centrimetric waves. A couple of things to note. The list starts at band four. There are of course frequencies below 3 kHz. The list ends at twelve, but there are frequencies above 3000 GHz. You'll also note that I'm not saying 3 Terahertz, since the ITU regulations specify that you shall express frequencies up to 3000 GHz using "gigahertz". Interestingly the same document has a provision for reporting interference where you can report using Terahertz frequencies, so I'm not sure how the ITU deals with such reports. Another thing to note is that this table doesn't actually define what SHF means. It's nowhere in the radio regulations either, I looked. I'm not sure where the words Super High Frequency came from. There is an ITU online database for looking up acronyms and terms. That leads to a document called "Nomenclature of the frequency and wavelength bands used in telecommunications", which also doesn't use "Super High Frequency" anywhere. That said, using the ITU band four, where its definition starts, the VLF band, or Very Low Frequency, followed by LF, Low Frequency, MF, Medium Frequency, the familiar HF or High Frequency, VHF, UHF, then SHF and beyond that, EHF, Extremely High Frequency and THF or Tremendously High Frequency, yes, Tremendously High. There's a report called the "Technical and operational characteristics and applications of the point-to-point fixed service applications operating in the frequency band 275-450 GHz". It introduces the term "THF which stands for tremendously high frequency" but adds the disclaimer that "this terminology is used only within this Report." Seems that there are plenty of documents on the ITU website using that same definition, so I'm guessing that the cat is out of the bag. THF by the way is defined as being for 300 to 3000 GHz frequencies. By the way, the ITU TLA finder exposes that THF stands for Topology Hiding Function. Where's a good acronym when you need it? Speaking of definitions, I came across the definition of a "taboo channel" which according to the ITU is "A channel which coincides with the frequency of the local oscillator in the single super heterodyne receiver which is tuned to an analogue channel." Anyway, we still have a way to go. Below band four, less than 3 kHz, we have ULF or Ultra Low Frequency, SLF, Super Low Frequency and ELF, Extremely Low Frequency, which is defined as band one, between 3 and 30 Hz. Below that, some have suggested TLF, or Tremendously Low Frequency which apparently goes between 1 and 3 Hz with a wavelength between 300,000 down to 100,000 km. Others have suggested that this is an internet meme, but so far it seems to me that it has just as much legitimacy as any of the other wordings, since it appears that the ITU explicitly excludes such definitions, even if internal documents introduce terms from time to time. It did make me wonder, what comes after Tremendously High Frequencies, Red? Turns out, yes, well, infra-red pretty much follows on from Tremendously High Frequencies. If you think that's the end of it, think again. The IEEE, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers has its own definitions, of course it does. Unfortunately they decided that you need to pay for their standard. It was first issued in 1976 "to remove the confusion". There's an xkcd comic called "Standards", number 927 if you're looking. It goes like this: Situation: There are 14 competing standards. 14?! Ridiculous! We need to develop one universal standard that covers everyone's use cases. Yeah! Soon: Situation: There are 15 competing standards. Anyway, the IEEE designates that after UHF comes L or Long wave, followed by S, or Short wave, then comes C, the compromise between Short wave and X or cross or Exotic. Then there's Ku, Kurtz Under, K, Kurtz, and Ka or Kurtz above, Kurtz being the German word for Short. There's the V band and the W band which follows the V band. Had enough yet? NATO, the EU and the US define these using letters of the alphabet. And broadcasters use Band Numbers which link up to nothing in particular. I wonder if the measure of a society is just how many different ways can be used to describe the same thing. Perhaps we should have stopped at Hertz or Hz, which was established in 1930 by the International Electrotechnical Commission, as an expression of the number of times that a repeated event occurs per second, in honour of Heinrich Hertz. One more three letter acronym, the International Electrotechnical Commission is better known as the IEC. I wonder if the ITU is taking suggestions, ginormous, utterly, inordinately, awfully and humongously seem like perfect opportunities for future expansion. I'm Onno VK6FLAB.

The Network, by Scott Woolley, tells the history of wireless communications, and the stories of the characters that were a part of it. It's the first book strictly about media history that I'm summarizing and adding to my best media books list. Wireless communications start with wired communications Wireless communications today of course include cell phones, but The Network takes us from the wireless telegraph, to radio, to television, and finally to satellites. First, it gives a little background on the history of the electric telegraph, the invention which suddenly made it possible to move, in minutes, messages that used to take weeks to reach their destinations. The electric telegraph was able to change the world thanks to one simple action: The ability to move a piece of metal at the end of a wire. That was enough to develop codes that could transmit messages, based upon the simple movement of that piece of metal. This process started in 1822, when Christian Órsted attached a copper wire to a battery and saw a nearby compass needle move. There was a several-decade-long race to develop an electric telegraph. The first transatlantic cable was opened for business by 1866. A big customer of these telegraph services were stock traders, who could buy shares in London, sell them a few seconds later in New York, and always profit if their trades were executed in time. Morse code was the winning format for turning the movement of a piece of metal into messages that could travel around the world. A claim in The Network I couldn't find a source for, but that sounds pretty cool: The clouds in New York City at night used to have projected on them news, election results, and sports scores – in Morse code. From a worthless accidental discovery to worthwhile wireless The history of wireless communication started with a discovery as accidental as Christian Órsted's: Heinrich Hertz noticed that metal objects moved slightly when lightning struck nearby. He later conducted experiments where he successfully generated sparks through the air. It was pretty cool, but he concluded that the invisible waves he had discovered were “of no use whatsoever.” Electrical signals that traveled through the air were made very useful, indeed, by Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi. For much of its early years, most people thought his Marconi Company was a scam. Like the dot-com and crypto booms, many companies at the dawn of wireless technology made off with investors' money. One article, with the headline, “Wireless and Worthless,” pointed out that more criminals were being prosecuted from wireless companies than from any other industry. Besides, what did we need wireless technology for, when there were companies such as The Commercial, which was probably the hottest tech company in New York in the early 1900s? It owned five of the sixteen cables crossing the Atlantic Ocean, and one of the two that crossed the Pacific – which was 10,000 miles long. 10,000 miles was pretty impressive, especially when you consider that in 1896, Guglielmo Marconi could only send a wireless message one mile. What was the point? The pseudo-events of Guglielmo Marconi Marconi was good at building buzz for his wireless technology through public demonstrations – you could call them pseudo-events, a la Daniel J. Boorstin's The Image, which I talked about on episode 257. In front of an audience, he'd ask a volunteer to carry around a “magic box.” He'd build tension from the stage, then push a lever, which would make the magic box buzz from afar. In 1898, when his wireless range was somewhere around ten miles, Marconi set up a telegraph receiver on the yacht of the prince of Wales. Queen Victoria sent the first mundane wireless text message, asking, “Can you come to tea?” The prince replied, “Very sorry, cannot come to tea.” After all, he was on the ocean. By 1899, Marconi could send a message over the English channel, and by 1901, he could send a message 225 miles. Marconi had competition in trying to send a wireless message across the Atlantic, which was 3,000 miles. Nikola Tesla, with the money of J.P. Morgan, was working on a fifty-five ton, 187-foot-tall steel super-antenna. And Marconi didn't have the funding to build something like that. Marconi won that race across the Atlantic. In one of his publicity stunts, he was able to relay “Marconigrams,” as he called them, from celebrities in London to celebrities at a dinner party in New York. But, that wasn't enough to impress stock traders who relied on wired telegrams – the messages took ten minutes to arrive, with pre-arranged help in expediting them as they traveled to and from coastal locations on wired connections. And radio waves are easier to transmit at night than during business hours, when radiation from the sun interferes with wireless signals. As the Titanic sank, Marconi rose But in 1912, the day before Marconi Company investors were to vote on whether to further fund the company, the Titanic sank. Using Marconi's wireless technology, an ocean liner, the Olympic, fielded a message from the Titanic, over 500 miles away, which included coordinates, and said, “We have struck an iceberg.” Another ocean liner, the Carpathia, came to the rescue. Thanks to Marconi's wireless technology, of the Titanic's 2,223 passengers, 706 survived. What followed sounds like the third act of a great movie: When Marconi arrived at a lecture that had already been scheduled, there was a crowd overflowing out the building. He received a standing ovation, including from the once-skeptical Thomas Edison. And the vote of Marconi shareholders, on whether to issue another $7 million in stock to build stations for intercontinental telegraphs, was a no-brainer. David Sarnoff: The early days of an innovator Working at Marconi at that time was the young David Sarnoff, who had started at Marconi after being fired for taking the day of Rosh Hashanah off work at Marconi's rival company, the Commercial. A Russian immigrant, Sarnoff's father had recently become unable to work, so he had set off to support the family as an office messenger boy, at only fifteen. Being a telegraph operator was a hot tech job at the time. David Sarnoff bought a used telegraph key, so he could spend his evenings practicing his coding skills – his Morse-coding skills. He worked his way up until he was managing Marconi's New York office, but then transferred to what seemed like a step down – as an inspector in the engineering department. Edwin Armstrong's signal amplifier It was as chief inspector David Sarnoff met Edwin Armstrong, who demonstrated to him an amazing signal amplifier. From a Marconi station in New Jersey, Armstrong's amplifier turned signals from an Ireland station from barely audible, to loud and crisp. They were then able to listen in on signals from competitor Poulsen Wireless, as their San Francisco station communicated with their Portland station. They were even able to listen to Poulsen's Hawaii station, despite the fact Poulsen's own San Francisco station – the breadth of a continent closer – could barely pick up the signal, amidst a Hawaiian thunderstorm. Sarnoff thought he had found the key technology that would help Marconi dominate wireless telegraphy, and free it from having to share its revenue with rival cabled networks. Instead, Guglielmo Marconi himself refused to believe the results of the story, and another executive publicly chided Sarnoff within the company for conducting the unauthorized experiments, which he believed merely drove up the prices of inventors' patents. Edwin Armstrong becomes Major Armstrong Armstrong ended up selling the patent for his amplifier to AT&T. Through the use of that amplifier and other wireless-technology inventions, Edwin Armstrong achieved the rank of Major Armstrong in WWI. During WWI, Britain and Germany cut one another's cables, making wireless communication even more important. The British military took over Marconi's wireless stations within their empire. Armstrong helped intercept Germany's wireless communications. RCA, born from a patent pool But during the war, the way wireless technology patents were split up amongst companies became a problem. It was impossible to build useful devices without using a variety of innovations, and thus infringing on other companies' patents. The Navy used its wartime powers to allow American manufacturers to use any wireless patents they wanted, without consequence. Once the war was over, the military sought to maintain this freedom of innovation, and – as a matter of national security – keep the American radio industry out of foreign hands. They struck a deal to cut off the American portion of the British Marconi company, and pool together patents from AT&T, Westinghouse, G.E., and – interestingly – United Fruit Company, who had patents for communications systems on their Central American banana plantations. The name of this new company: RCA. Its general manager: David Sarnoff. Sarnoff's radio Sarnoff had pitched to his bosses at Marconi, in 1915, a “Radio Music Box.” Far more complex than moving a piece of metal, voice had first been transmitted over radio waves in 1906, and The Navy had done “radio telephone” calls, but nobody had thought of using radio to transmit to a wide audience. His pitch described a box with amplifier tubes, and what he called a “speaking telephone.” He wrote, “There should be no difficulty in receiving music perfectly when transmitted within a radius of 25 to 50 miles. Within such a radius there reside hundreds of thousands of families.” Sarnoff had already experimented with the concept by transmitting music, to a boat cruising around Manhattan, from a phonograph in Marconi's New York office. Sarnoff's bosses at Marconi had ignored his radio music box pitch, but once he was in charge at RCA, he was free to pursue the idea. Sarnoff hadn't gotten much support for his ideas at Marconi, but he had learned the value of a well-crafted pseudo-event. The upcoming boxing match between the American, Jack Dempsey, and the Frenchman, Georges Carpentier was the perfect opportunity to show the value of using radio waves to broadcast sound to a large audience. The pseudo-event that launched radio As was customary for big events at the time, if you wanted an update, you could gather near a telegraph station, where someone would announce a text-message update of the event. In Paris, a flare was to be released from a plane after the fight: white if Dempsey won, red if Carpentier. But if you truly wanted to know what was happening, you had to be one of the ninety-one thousand people there in the stadium. So, the rich and famous were flocking to New York. 300 rooms were booked at the Plaza, 500 at the Waldorf Astoria, and 800 at the Biltmore. Actress Mary Pickford took her yacht all the way from Hollywood, through the Panama Canal, and some came in the 1921 version of a private jet: a private train car. But for the first time, people who couldn't be at the fight could get blow-by-blow updates. RCA teamed up with amateur radio operators, who rented out auditoriums and received a voice broadcast from ringside, via “radiophone.” This helped solve the chicken-and-egg problem of getting mass-audience radio started. You couldn't get people to buy receivers if they hadn't experienced a broadcast – and if there was nothing being broadcast – and it wasn't worth broadcasting if nobody had receivers. By getting a lot of people together for a global event everybody was already talking about, it was worthwhile to do a broadcast, and people got to see the potential of radio. Radio in its infancy Over the next three years, secretary of commerce Herbert Hoover granted licenses to 600 radio stations – small ones that broadcast across a particular city or county. There were no radio stations or programs in much of rural America. But Sarnoff was pushing the adoption of higher-powered AM transmitters that could broadcast to multi-state regions. This idea was opposed by the smaller stations that didn't want their audiences stolen, and also by AT&T. AT&T's raw deal in radio AT&T believed that since radio involved transmitting the voice, they, as the phone company, should be in charge of it. They also didn't want to lose revenue: For AM radio programs to be syndicated from one station to another, they had to be sent over AT&T's phone lines, as they would come out distorted if transmitted wirelessly. Additionally, AT&T felt duped from the negotiations over the RCA patent pool, which Sarnoff had been in charge of. Sarnoff had proposed that AT&T get the rights to sell radio transmitters, while RCA would sell radio receivers. This didn't seem like a bad deal in 1920, before the Dempsey/Carpentier fight, but now it looked like a raw deal, indeed. In 1924, RCA's AM radio sales were over $50 million, while AT&T had a measly market of 600 radio stations. Most of those stations ignored AT&T's patents and built their own transmitters, and AT&T wasn't successful in getting the revenue that was rightfully theirs. The first radio ad The radio broadcasting industry was experimenting with business models. AT&T ran the first radio ad in 1922. For fifty dollars, a suburban housing development got to broadcast on an AT&T station. Herbert Hoover called advertising-funded radio “the quickest way to kill broadcasting.” He wanted instead to fund radio broadcasts by placing a surcharge on the sale of each consumer radio receiver. David Sarnoff was on his side, which was odd, since an advertising-funded model would make his radios cheaper to consumers. Divvying up the radio waves There were also fights over who could broadcast on what frequency. The Radio Act of 1912 had been passed, after amateur telegraphers' messages had interfered with one another while communicating about the Titanic sinking. Hoover tried to regulate the frequencies some stations were broadcasting on, but it turned out the 1912 act had only regulated airwaves at least six-hundred meters long – the technological limit at the time. Some stations protested by deliberately overlapping their broadcasts, resulting in an hour of unpleasant squelches, followed by a message to support the passing of a law to regulate the airwaves. The Federal Radio Commission was formed in 1927, for that purpose. In 1934, it became the FCC, overseeing all types of electronic communications. How AM held back FM Sometimes, an inferior technology dominates, as VHS did over Beta, but sometimes, despite the best efforts of entrenched interests, the better technology prevails, as did eventually FM radio, over AM. AM radio signals are imprinted sounds on waves that vary according to amplitude, or the height of the waves. Thus “AM,” for “amplitude modulation.” FM radio waves are varied according to the frequency of the waves, or their width. Engineers in the radio industry and academia once thought frequency modulation wouldn't work. A 1922 paper from AT&T claimed to prove mathematically that it “inherently distorts without any compensating advantages whatsoever.” But Major Armstrong was pushing hard for the FM method. Armstrong once again conducted a demonstration for Sarnoff. His “little black box” that transmitted an FM signal had vastly superior sound quality than an AM radio. Sarnoff let Armstrong run tests with FM equipment from RCA's offices atop the Empire State Building – the tallest in the world at the time. The FM signal delivered better sound quality than AM with one twenty-fifth the signal power. FM threatened existing AM interests There was a lot at stake in switching to FM: It could deliver better sound quality, and – since signals could be transmitted on a variety of frequencies – it could add thousands of stations to the dial. But, there were already tens of millions of AM radios, and hundreds of expensive radio station transmitters that would become obsolete. A benefit to RCA, however, would be that with clearer signals, they would no longer have to pay AT&T for use of their phone network for syndicating content. Y2K of the 1940s: The bogus sun-spot scare In 1941, the FCC approved a band of FM stations between 42 and 50 MHz. At the start of WWII, Major Armstrong pushed the military to switch to FM, and waived any licensing fees, increasing adoption. After the war, there was a controversy about sunspots: They work in an eleven-year cycle, and in FCC proceedings, one engineer rose a stink about how the next time sunspots came around, they would interfere with stations on the existing FM band. Despite the fact nearly every expert disagreed with that prediction, the FCC moved the FM dial to the current 88 to 108 MHz band. This made $75 million worth of devices soon-to-be worthless, and pissed off hundreds of thousands of FM early adopters. (When the strongest sunspots in two centuries came along, the old FM band worked fine.) The stifling of FM radio continued. The FCC eventually cut FM broadcasts from a 150 mile radius to a 50-mile radius, which may not sound like much, but translates to a ninety-percent cut in coverage area. Conveniently, this meant FM stations could no longer send programs to neighboring markets through the air, and had to instead pay to use AT&T's expensive and low-fidelity telephone wires. AM radio interests had also taken over most FM stations, where they simply rebroadcast their AM programs. There was little incentive to buy an FM set, and by 1946, nine of ten radio manufacturers weren't bothering to make them. All of this was enough to prompt Major Armstrong to file an antitrust suit against RCA, claiming David Sarnoff was conspiring to stifle the FM radio industry. The bold bets Sarnoff made in TV David Sarnoff was very focused on making television work around that time. He made some bold bets that helped NBC, a spin-off from RCA, be the first on the air. Searching for office space during the Great Depression, Sarnoff had decided to move RCA and NBC into the expensive 30 Rockefeller Plaza, aka “30 Rock.” He pissed off shareholders by building elaborate radio studios. He had special wires installed in NBC's studios – for transmitting TV signals around the building – that weren't used for another twenty years. He had a giant studio built, with rotating stage, to work with television cameras that didn't even exist. Overall, he spent $50 million on television research over the course of twenty-five years, and it took a long time to pay off. Battles over TV airwaves The FCC's poor decisions continued in the proliferation of television. Despite warnings from engineers such as Major Armstrong, they allocated VHF channels so poorly, only one or two stations worked in most cities. They had to learn from their mistakes and start over with UHF stations. But UHF wavelengths were so short, the lower the channel number a station had, the further and more clearly their signal could travel. So, stations fought over the smaller-numbered of the sixty-eight channels. The television satellite David Sarnoff was there, once again, innovating in television. There was a battle over the color standard, and Sarnoff and RCA's NSTC standard was finally adopted by the FCC in 1953. “Relay-1” was the first American communications satellite, launched in 1962. It helped bypass AT&T's cables for syndicating programs, thus doubling RCA's revenue. Some events had previously been broadcast via airplane to expand coverage area. Relay-1's first trans-Pacific broadcast was supposed to carry to Japan an address from President Kennedy. Instead, it carried coverage of his assassination, and footage of the new president, Lyndon B. Johnson. There's your The Network summary As you can see, The Network covers a lot of the early history of wireless communications. It also does it with an engaging narrative style. There is of course much more. Read it to find out: Why there's no channel one. How Lyndon B. Johnson's wife Lady Bird built her media empire with some suspiciously favorable treatment from the FCC. The visions that Sarnoff had late in life for fiber optics, the internet, and e-books. Whether Major Armstrong's suicide at 63 had anything to do with his legal battles against David Sarnoff and RCA. If you've enjoyed this summary, you'll no doubt enjoy The Network. Thank you for having me on your podcasts! Thank you for having me on your podcasts. Thank you to David Elikwu at The Knowledge. As always, you can find interviews of me on my interviews page. About Your Host, David Kadavy David Kadavy is author of Mind Management, Not Time Management, The Heart to Start and Design for Hackers. Through the Love Your Work podcast, his Love Mondays newsletter, and self-publishing coaching David helps you make it as a creative. Follow David on: Twitter Instagram Facebook YouTube Subscribe to Love Your Work Apple Podcasts Overcast Spotify Stitcher YouTube RSS Email Support the show on Patreon Put your money where your mind is. Patreon lets you support independent creators like me. Support now on Patreon »       Show notes: https://kadavy.net/blog/posts/the-network-scott-woolley/

We finally reach the discovery of electrons. The path starts with experiments on electricity in small vacuum vessels and vacuum pumps, improved by Heinrich Geissler, further improved by William Crookes, and then proving that their mysterious cathode rays were matter, not light, responding to electric and magnetic fields and possessing a mass, as J.J. Thomson showed. Robert Millikan determined the actual mass of the electron. We hear about Thomas Edison's strange electrical effect, and Heinrich Hertz's photoelectric effect. Finally we end with a variety of possible models attempting to explain the structure of atoms.Discovery MattersA collection of stories and insights on matters of discovery that advance life...Listen on: Apple Podcasts SpotifySupport the show

Welcome to August 20th, 2022 on the National Day Calendar. Today we celebrate amazing mashups in the kitchen and in the lab. Few things are as sweet as the Southern favorite pecan pie, but when someone decided to add chocolate, this candy-like dessert went over the top. Pecan trees are native to the American South, and this classic pie sprung up in the region around the late 1800s. Though sugar pies with a mixture of eggs, sugar and flavorings existed throughout Europe before then, the addition of crisp pecans is a claim to fame that's purely American. But adding a handful of chopped chocolate will likely make this Southern belle a true crowd pleaser. On National Chocolate Pecan Pie Day, celebrate the American way of taking things over the top! While some inventions are created by just one genius, radio was born from a meeting of the minds. Oddly enough, these pioneers never sat down together. In Germany, the research of Heinrich Hertz proved that electricity could be transmitted wirelessly. From Croatia, Nikola Tesla provided the Tesla coil. And the first commercially available wireless was thanks to the Italian born Marconi. His technology was first used by the military but it was a Marconi wireless that broadcast the distress signal from the Titanic. Broadcast stations began airing programs in the 1920s that featured news from around the globe, and when entertainment followed the world became synchronized by the power of sound. On National Radio Day we celebrate this invention that is truly a melting pot of genius.   I'm Anna Devere and I'm Marlo Anderson. Thanks for joining us as we Celebrate Every Day. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Heinrich Hertz hat die Grundlagen gelegt und viele andere, zum Beispiel der Düsseldorfer Christian Hülsmeyer mit seinem Telemobiloskop, haben es weiter entwickelt: Das Radar. Wie funktioniert es eigentlich und welche Anwendungsmöglichkeiten gibt es heute? Darüber sprechen wir in dieser Folge.

Zum Beispiel Radio hören funktioniert über elektromagnetische Wellen. Wie diese Wellen funktionieren, hat Heinrich Hertz in Karlsruhe entdeckt

news birthdays/events movie trailers that are better than the actual movie chris bassitt face injury/ever been clocked that hard? news has someone ever taken you up on an offer you really didn't mean? listener feedback break game: what year was it? news how are you supposed to end an email? Best? Thanks? game: outburst do you take your pet on errands? how about travel plans with your pet? news are you serious or lax about laundry? gym bracelet system...could this applied to regular/daily life? goodbye/fun facts....National Radio Day recognizes the great invention of the radio. Amazingly, not just one person can be credited with its beginning....Several inventors participated in the invention of the radio in the late 1800s....In Germany, Heinrich Hertz's research proved electricity could be transmitted wirelessly. Elsewhere, the prolific inventor Nicola Tesla patented multiple inventions. He provided the radio with the Tesla coil. However, when it comes to the first commercially available wireless, Italian, Guglielmo Marconi receives the honor. ..An American contributor to the radio, Lee de Forest, invented the Audion vacuum. This invention made live broadcasting possible..According to FCC statistics, at the end of 2012, more than 15,000 licensed broadcast radio stations were operating in the U.S.

This Invention Took A Global Village To Create! Welcome to August 20th, 2021 on the National Day Calendar. Today we celebrate amazing mashups in the kitchen and in the lab. Few things are as sweet as the Southern favorite pecan pie, but when someone decided to add chocolate, this candy-like dessert went over the top.  Pecan trees are native to the American South, and this classic pie sprung up in the region around the late 1800s.  Though sugar pies with a mixture of eggs, sugar and flavorings existed throughout Europe before then, the addition of crisp pecans is a claim to fame that's purely American.  The only other variation that puts this dessert on the map is a shot of bourbon whiskey.  But for sheer decadent appeal a handful of chopped chocolate will likely make this Southern belle a true crowd pleaser.  On National Chocolate Pecan Pie Day, celebrate the American way of taking things over the top! While some inventions are created by just one genius, radio was born from a meeting of the minds.  Oddly enough, these pioneers never sat down together.  In Germany, the research of Heinrich Hertz proved that electricity could be transmitted wirelessly.  From Croatia, Nikola Tesla provided the Tesla coil.  And the first commercially available wireless was thanks to the Italian born Marconi.  His technology was first used by the military but it was a Marconi wireless that broadcast the distress signal from the Titanic.   Broadcast stations began airing programs in the 1920s that featured news from around the globe, and when entertainment followed the world became synchronized by the power of sound.  On National Radio Day we celebrate this invention that is truly a melting pot of genius.   I'm Anna Devere and I'm Marlo Anderson.  Thanks for joining us as we Celebrate Every Day.

“It's for the community. We're trying to serve the community. We all live here. You know, how are we going to serve our community going forward?” - Greg In this episode, our featured voice is the president of the San Francisco Radio Club Greg Albrecht. The San Francisco Radio Club was formed in 1909 by a handful of radio enthusiasts with the objective of exchanging messages over the air. We wanted to host the San Francisco Radio Club on the show because it is another one of our wonderful nonprofits that are supporting our community through providing emergency communication services as well as educating and training community members in amateur radio and emergency mesh operations. You can find out more about club membership here:Greg mentions in our interview the term Ham or Hams. The actual meaning of HAM is taken from the three pioneers that helped to create what has become our global radio system. The letter H stands for Hertz from (Heinrich Hertz) who helped to develop the theory of electromagnetic waves. The letter A stands for Armstrong from (Edwin Howard Armstrong) who was successful in inventing FM (Frequency Modulation) and the letter M stands for Marconi (Gugliemo Marconi) who was the first person to transmit radio signals across the Atlantic Ocean in 1901. There's a Etymology of ham radio that disputes this and you can dive into more about ham radio hereGreg also mentions that the San Francisco Radio Club works with the Auxiliary Communications Service in San Francisco. Greg told us the story about his work on the San Francisco Wireless Emergency Mesh system and you can find out more about that here

The Association of Old Crows (AOC) wants to make our podcasts the best they can be. To help us succeed, we'd like to hear your thoughts. Please take just a few minutes to complete our 2022 listener survey, because your opinion is very important to us. Thank you!The story of electromagnetic spectrum operations (EMSO) continues with the discovery of wireless telegraphy and how it forever changed the global landscape. In this episode, we trace the life of Guglielmo Marconi through his dreams and determination as a young engineer who believed the experiments of Heinrich Hertz could change the world, to the shrewd businessman who ushered us into the Dawn of the Electronic Age. From experiments at home in Italy to helping nations communicate wirelessly across the Atlantic Ocean, Marconi helped the world become globally interconnected in a way that many thought impossible at the turn of the 20th Century.   To help us learn about the unique life and accomplishments of Marconi, and the impact that wireless telegraphy had on the world of EMSO, we hear insights from Harry Klancer and Al Klace from the Information Age Learning Center, a non-profit organization located at the historic site of the American Marconi Belmar Wireless Station, which ultimately became the U.S. Army Camp Evans Signal Laboratory. To learn more about today's topics or to stay updated on EMSO and EW developments, visit our website.The AOC thanks BAE SYSTEMS for sponsoring this episode.

The Association of Old Crows (AOC) wants to make our podcasts the best they can be. To help us succeed, we'd like to hear your thoughts. Please take just a few minutes to complete our 2022 listener survey, because your opinion is very important to us. Thank you!Electromagnetic energy is a fundamental part of our universe. Humans discovered ways to use this energy for many purposes. From radio to TV, smartphones to Wifi. But electromagnetic energy also influenced another major sector: military operations. Along came the Crows, people who learned electromagnetic energy, applied it to military combat operations, and forever impacted modern warfare. Today, we begin the story of how the greatest scientific minds came to understand this natural phenomenon, how it changed the way we think, live and communicate, and how now electromagnetic spectrum operations, or EMSO, have influenced every major military campaign over the past 100 years.This episode takes you to the scientific roots of EMSO. We hear insights from Mr. Charles “Chuck” Quintero from the Johns Hopkins University of Applied Physics Laboratory, who discusses the evolution of natural philosophy from Sir Isaac Newton to James Clerk Maxwell to Heinrich Hertz. He tells the stories behind the great minds of scientists, physicists, and mathematicians and how they contributed to Maxwell's theories on electromagnetism and the impact it later had on the world of EMSO.To learn more about today's topics or to stay updated on EMSO and EW developments, visit our homepage.The AOC thanks BAE SYSTEMS for sponsoring this episode.

Une émission insolite et scientifique à la fois, avec des chroniques, des jeux et une belle dose de découvertes! Pour répondre à notre curiosité commune: c'est en 1899 que l'Itlaien Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937) réussit la première communication télégraphique par ondes hertziennes. La radio est née! Et ce grâce aux inventions de Heinrich Hertz qui a créé, en labo, des ondes électromagnétiques, d'Edouard Branly qui a fait transiter la voix par ces ondes et celle d'Alexandre Popov: les antennes. La mise en commun de toutes ces inventions par Marconi a révolutionné les télécommunication: qu'on coupe ces câbles!

Heinrich Rudolph Hertz demonstrou em 15 de março de 1888 que a eletricidade pode ser gerada pelas ondas eletromagnéticas movendo-se à velocidade da luz. O físico alemão se baseou na teoria do eletromagnetismo e nos trabalhos experimentais realizados pelo também físico e matemático escocês James Clerk Maxwell um ano antes.----Quer contribuir com Opera Mundi via PIX? Nossa chave é apoie@operamundi.com.br (Razão Social: Última Instancia Editorial Ltda.). Desde já agradecemos!Assinatura solidária: www.operamundi.com.br/apoio★ Support this podcast ★

22 ŞUBAT 2021Albay Talat Aydemir darbe girişiminde bulunduTarihte bugün yaşanan olaylar arasında; Talat Aydemir'in darbe girişimi, 1848 İhtilallerinin başlaması, Pakistan'ın Bangladeş'in bağımsızlığını tanıması var…DÜNYA TARİHİNDE BUGÜN YAŞANANLAR1819 - İspanya, Florida'yı Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ne 5 milyon dolara sattı.1848 - Paris'te işçiler ayaklandı. İki yıl boyunca Avrupa'yı altüst edecek olan, işçi devrimleri çığırı açıldı.1942 - Avusturyalı yazar Stefan Zweig, Brezilya'nın Petropolis kentinde eşiyle birlikte intihar etti.1944 ABD savaş uçakları, Hollanda kentleri Nijmegen, Arnhem, Enschede ve Deventer'i yanlışlıkla bombaladı; sadece Nijmegen'de 800 kişi öldü.1974 İkinci İslam Zirvesi Başladı Pakistan Bangladeş'in Bağımsızlığını TanıdıTÜRKİYE TARİHİNDE BUGÜN YAŞANANLAR1950 Yüksek Seçim Kurulu kuruldu.1962 Harp Okulu Komutanı Albay Talat Aydemir Hükümet Darbesi Yapmak İstedi. Ancak darbe başarılı olmadı. BUGÜN DOĞANLAR272 - Roma imparatoru I. Konstantin (Büyük Konstantin doğdu.1732 - ABD'nin ilk Başkanı George Washington, doğdu.1810 - Polonyalı piyanist ve bestecisi Frederic Chopin, dünyaya geldi.1857 - Alman fizikçi Heinrich Hertz, doğdu.1943 - Alman ekonomist ve politikacı (eski IMF Başkanı ve Almanya Cumhurbaşkanı) Horst Köhler, dünyaya geldi.BUGÜN ÖLENLER1512 - İtalyan tüccar ve kâşif Amerigo Vespucci, hayatını kaybetti.

Am 22. Februar 1857 wurde in Hamburg Heinrich Hertz geboren. Als Physiker erzeugte und maß Hertz zum ersten Mal elektromagnetische Schwingungen. Die Frequenz der Schwingungen wird seit 1894 - dem Todesjahr des Forschers - nach ihm benannt.

Foundations of Amateur Radio One of the things I love most about this hobby is the ability to randomly dart off into any related direction and learn new stuff. For example, the names Nikola, Guglielmo, Heinrich and Edwin emblazoned on a t-shirt sent to me by a very appreciative listener Jack KI4KEP, started an exploration into the deeds and misdeeds of the people behind those names. The first three might be somewhat familiar, Nikola Tesla whom we have to thank for inventions like Alternating Current, the Tesla coil, wireless power, radio remote control and many others. The Tesla company is named as a tribute to him. The magnetic flux density uses the letter T as its symbol and its called the Tesla. As a side note, if you've ever struggled to decide if a symbol needs to be a capital letter or not, like say the V for volt, the A for ampere, the O for ohm, the m for meter, the s in second or the K in kelvin, you just need to remember that if the unit is named after a person, the symbol needs to be a capital letter. That does assume that you know that the unit is named after an actual person, like say the Earl of Sandwich. Name two in our list, Guglielmo Marconi is the person whom we can thank for the practical development of radio communication, using improved spark-gap transmitters, the development and commercialisation of long-distance radio transmissions and his association with many other services such as a transatlantic radio-telegraph service, providing communications to shipping such as Jack Phillips and Harold Bride who were employed by the Marconi International Marine Communication Company to act as radio operators on the RMS Titanic on its fateful voyage. Our third name, Heinrich comes into sharp focus when I add his surname, Hertz. His name continues on in our day-to-day language and Heinrich Hertz is responsible for validating many of the underlying principles of our hobby. Using a spark-gap transmitter he was the first to conclusively prove the existence of electromagnetic waves which were predicted by James Clerk Maxwell. He also came up with the parabolic antenna, the dipole antenna, measurement of electric field intensity, electromagnetic waves and many other experiments. If you've ever seen a bullet hole in glass, you've seen a Hertzian cone. The last name had me stumped. It took a question to learn that Edwin shares a name with a famous cyclist and a famous astronaut, namely Armstrong. Edwin Howard Armstrong has been called "the most prolific and influential inventor in radio history". If you're like me you may not have heard of Edwin Armstrong. You might be surprised to learn that he's responsible for the regenerative circuit, the super-heterodyne circuit and while he was working on defending his invention against a claim made by a patent attorney he stumbled on the super-regeneration circuit. If you're a radio amateur, you'll likely have heard those terms, if not, they're electronic circuits that make radio receivers more sensitive which forms the basis of many radios in use today. My Yaesu FT-857d is a super-heterodyne radio for example. It doesn't stop there. The biggest claim to fame that Edwin Armstrong brings to the table is the invention of FM radio. It took many years and a protracted lawsuit that lasted until almost a year after he died to finally have Armstrong formally established as the inventor of FM. Not for a minute will I suggest that my exploration was comprehensive or in-depth, but it made my day when I put on a t-shirt with the names of those inventors who made it possible for me to be here and share this with you today. On the shoulders of giants wearing a t-shirt with their names I stand. I'm Onno VK6FLAB

Heinrich Hertz war der erste, dem es gelang im Experiment elektromagnetische Wellen zu erzeugen, man nennt sie auch Radiowellen. Sie sind unsichtbar, aber gottlob nicht unhörbar.

Heinrich war 29 Jahre alt war, als er in Karlsruhe die elektromagnetischen Wellen entdeckte. Zu seiner Zeit war das anwendungsfreie Grundlagenforschung. Vom praktischen Nutzen: der gesamten Funktechnik – hat Hertz nichts mitbekommen. Er starb nur sieben Jahre später an einer seltenen Krankheit. Ist er dem Neid der Götter zum Opfer gefallen, wie sein Lehrer von Helmholtz klagte? Tatsächlich ist Heinrich Hertz zu früh gestorben, um mit einem Nobelpreis geehrt zu werden.

Você consegue imaginar um mundo sem Wi-Fi, rádio e exames de raio-x? Essas invenções só foram possíveis porque, em 1888, o físico alemão Heinrich Hertz conseguiu provar a existência das ondas.

VoiceAmerica teams up with StoryTech and Host Lori H. Schwartz to bring you all the digital thought leadership live from the NAB show 2017 Advanced Advertising Pavilion.

Join Adabot as he learns about electromagnetic energy with the help of a new friend - Mr. Heinrich Hertz. ----------------------------------------- Visit the Adafruit shop online - http://www.adafruit.com Subscribe to Adafruit on YouTube: http://adafru.it/subscribe Join our weekly Show & Tell on G+ Hangouts On Air: http://adafru.it/showtell Watch our latest project videos: http://adafru.it/latest New tutorials on the Adafruit Learning System: http://learn.adafruit.com/ Music by bartlebeats: http://soundcloud.com/bartlebeats -----------------------------------------

The Two Guys with PhDs Talking about Comics are proud to have as their guest Marisa Acocella Marchetto. Her new graphic novel, Ann Tenna, was just released by Knopf, and it's a fantastical, sci-fi-infused story of psychological balance and self-discovery in our overly “media-cated” culture. The titular protagonist, a glamorous, super-connected entrepreneur of glitz and gossip, becomes disconnected from her higher self…literally. Her cosmic doppleganger, Superann, steps into Ann's life via a near-fatal accident, and results are a hard-cold lesson in emotional and interpersonal priorities. Along the way, Ann visits psychedelic celestial planes, experiences out-of-this-world fashions, rubs elbows with the spirits of Coco Chanel and Heinrich Hertz, and taps into universal networks of communication that put our social media to shame. Andy and Derek talk with Marisa about the genesis of of this narrative and how it fits in with her earlier books, Just Who the Hell Is She, Anyway? and Cancer Vixen. They learn that Ann Tenna actually has long roots dating back to some of Marisa's earliest comics efforts, but that the story evolved over time to take on deeper meaning informed by the author's own traumatic experiences. In fact, they spend a good bit of time talking with Marisa about Cancer Vixen, how that book has helped define her career, and about her efforts as the founder and chair of the Marisa Acocella Marchetto Foundation at Mount Sinai Beth Israel Comprehensive Cancer Center. Along the way, the guys make it a point to address Marisa's sense of humor, her work for The New Yorker, her iconographic fascination (obsession?) with eyes, her razor-sharp word play, and the cool font that she created specifically for the new book. So get those antennas up and consider this podcast episode a most necessary transmission, beaming to you with love from the other-worldly offices of Comics Alternative Central.

Dr Susie Mitchell hears the story of the 19th Century Scottish scientist James Clerk Maxwell. Maxwell's lifelong curiosity about the world and his gift for solving complicated puzzles led him to a string of discoveries. He was the first person to demonstrate a way of taking colour photographs, and he used mathematics to work out what the rings of Saturn were made of before any telescope or spacecraft was able to observe them close up. His most important achievement however was the discovery of electromagnetism, as neatly described by four now famous lines of equations. His prediction of electromagnetic waves led on to a huge range of today’s technology, from mobile phones and wi-fi equipment to radio, X-rays and microwave ovens. Albert Einstein considered him a genius, and another scientist Heinrich Hertz described him as ‘Maestro Maxwell’. The 2015 International Year of Light celebrates, amongst other events, the anniversary of his ground-breaking publication about electromagnetism. So the only question is - how come the name James Clerk Maxwell isn't better known? (Photo: James Clerk-Maxwell. Credit: Hulton Archive/Getty Images)

Dominique PESTRE, EHESS, Paris

Dominique PESTRE, EHESS, Paris

      For Dad He would have loved this       Tutankhamun (alternatively spelled with Tutenkh-, -amen, -amon) was an Egyptianpharaoh of the 18th dynasty (ruled ca. 1332 BC – 1323 BC in the conventional chronology), during the period of Egyptian history known as the New Kingdom. He is popularly referred to as King Tut. His original name, Tutankhaten, means "Living For Dad he would have loved this Go to   According to the September 2010 issue of National Geographic magazine, Tutankhamun was the result of anincestuous relationship and, because of that, may have suffered from several genetic defects that contributed to his early death.[19] For years, scientists have tried to unravel ancient clues as to why the boy king of Egypt, who reigned for 10 years, died at the age of 19. Several theories have been put forth; one was that he was killed by a blow to the head, while another was that his death was caused by a broken leg.      Lord Carnarvon was an enthusiastic amateur Egyptologist, undertaking in 1907 to sponsor the excavation of nobles' tombs in Deir el-Bahri (Thebes). Howard Carter joined him as his assistant in the excavations.[5] It is now established that it was Gaston Maspero, then Director of the Antiquities Department, who proposed Carter to Lord Carnarvon.[6] He received in 1914 the concession to dig in theValley of the Kings, in replacement of Theodore Davis who had resigned. In 1922, he and Howard Carter together opened the tomb of Tutankhamun in the Valley of the Kings, exposing treasures unsurpassed in the history of archaeology.     Lord C                    Howard Carter     RADAR   for RAdio Detection AndRanging.[1] The term radar has since entered English and other languages as the common noun radar, losing all capitalization.   James Clerk Maxwell FRS FRSE (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish[1][2]mathematical physicist.[3] His most prominent achievement was to formulate a set of equations that describe electricity, magnetism, and optics as manifestations of the samephenomenon, namely the electromagnetic field.[4] Maxwell's achievements concerning electromagnetism have been called the "second great unification in physics",[5] after the first one realised by Isaac Newton.     The first permanent colour photograph, taken by James Clerk Maxwell in 1861James Clerk Maxwell FRS     Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (22 February 1857 – 1 January 1894) was a German physicist who clarified and expanded James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light, which was first demonstrated by David Edward Hughes using non-rigorous trial and error procedures. Hertz is distinguished from Maxwell and Hughes because he was the first to conclusively prove the existence of electromagnetic waves by engineering instruments to transmit and receive radio pulses using experimental procedures that ruled out all other known wireless phenomena.[1] The scientific unit of frequency – cycles per second – was named the "hertz" in his honor.[2]     Guglielmo Marconi     for his development of Marconi's law and a radio telegraph system. Marconi is often credited as the inventor of radio, and he shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy".[2][3][4] As an entrepreneur, businessman, and founder of the The Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company in Britain in 1897, Marconi succeeded in making a commercial success of radio by innovating and building on the work of previous experimenters and physicists.[5][6] In 1924,   12 December 1901, using a 152.4-metre (500 ft) kite-supported antenna for reception, the message was received atSignal Hill in St John's, Newfoundland(now part of Canada) signals transmitted by the company's new high-power station at Poldhu, Cornwall. The distance between the two points was about 3,500 kilometres (2,200 mi). Heralded as a great scientific advance, there was—and continues to be—considerable skepticism about this claim Feeling challenged by skeptics, Marconi prepared a better organized and documented test. In February 1902, the SS Philadelphia sailed west from Great Britain with Marconi aboard, carefully recording signals sent daily from the Poldhu station. The test results producedcoherer-tape reception up to 2,496 kilometres (1,551 mi), and audio reception up to 3,378 kilometres (2,099 mi). The maximum distances were achieved at night, and these tests were the first to show that for mediumwave and longwave transmissions, radio signals travel much farther at night than in the day   Robert Watson-Watt     Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Watt, KCB, FRS, FRAeS (13 April 1892 – 5 December 1973) was a pioneer and significant contributor to the development of radar. Radar was initially nameless and researched elsewhere but it was greatly expanded on 1 September 1936    This system provided the vital advance information that helped the Royal Air Force win the Battle of Britain.[2][1]     Higgs boson           Peter  Higgs still teaching             The Higgs boson or Higgs particle is an elementary particle initially theorised in 1964,[6][7] and tentatively confirmed to exist on 14 March 2013.[8] The discovery has been called "monumental"[9][10] because it appears to confirm the existence of the Higgs field,[11][12] which is pivotal to the Standard Model and other theories within particle physics. It would explain why some fundamental particles have mass      The LHC tunnel is located 100 metres underground, in the region between the Geneva International Airport and the nearby Jura mountains. It uses the 27 km circumference circular tunnel previously occupied by LEP which was closed down in November 2000. CERN's existing PS/SPS accelerator complexes will be used to pre-accelerate protons which will then be injected into the LHC. The LHC resumed operation on Friday 20 November 2009 by successfully circulating two beams, each with an energy of 3.5 trillion electron volts. The challenge that the engineers then faced was to try to line up the two beams so that they smashed into each other. This is like "firing two needles across the Atlantic and getting them to hit each other"   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=joTKd5j3mzk   3 minute video explains everything   Terracotta Army   Terracotta Army there were over 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses and 150 cavalry horses, the majority of which are still buried in the pits near by Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum.[2] Other terracotta non-military figures were also found in other pits and they include officials, acrobats, strongmen and musicians. There are four main pits associated with the terracotta army.[24][25] These pits are located about 1.5 km east of the burial mound and are about 7 metres deep. The army is placed as if to protect the tomb from the east, where all the Qin Emperor's conquered states lay. Pit one, which is 230 metres long and 62 metres wide,[25] contains the main army of more than 6,000 figures.[26] Pit one has 11 corridors, most of which are over 3 metres wide, and paved with small bricks with a wooden ceiling supported by large beams and posts. This design was also used for the tombs of noblemen and would have resembled palace hallways. The wooden ceilings were covered with reed mats and layers of clay for waterproofing,      Some of these weapons such as the swords are still very sharp and found to be coated with chromium oxide. This layer of chromium oxide is 10–15 micrometre thick and has kept the swords rust-free and in pristine condition after 2,000 years       Graphene   Andre Geim: It's the thinnest material you can get -- it's only one atom thick. A tiny amount can cover a huge area, so one gram could cover a whole football pitch. It's the strongest material we are aware of because you can't slice it any further. Of course, we know that atoms can be divided into elementary particles, but you can't get any material that is thinner than one atom, or it wouldn't count as a material anymore. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dTSnnlITsVg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFacA6OwCjA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sugmA-pll4k

Heinrich Hertz ist einer der großen Physiker des 19. Jahrhunderts. Das gesamte Rundfunkwesen geht auf seine Ideen und Experimente zurück, sein Name ist sogar zu einer physikalischen Messeinheit geworden. Der Wissenschaftshistoriker Ernst Peter Fischer zeigt, mit welch unterschiedlichen Phänomenen sich Hertz beschäftigt hat.