Podcasts about global methane pledge

More than 100 countries have pledged to cut methane emissions, with not much to show for it so far. What is being done to change that?Methane – the main component of natural gas – is the second most significant greenhouse gas, after carbon dioxide. It accounts for about 30% of all the human-induced warming the world has experienced since the 19th century.At COP26 in 2021, many countries got together to launch the Global Methane Pledge, to drive action on reducing emissions. There are now 111 countries, accounting in total for almost half of global methane emissions, that have signed up to that pledge. Their goal is to reduce global methane emissions by 30% by 2030.So how much progress has been made in the past few years? Not a lot, is the answer. Instead of starting to decline to meet that targeted 30% reduction, methane emissions have actually been going up.At COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan, last month, methane was one of the key items on the agenda. Many people there were talking about ideas for bending the curve, to get methane emissions heading in the right direction at last.While he was at the conference, host Ed Crooks talked to Henrique Bezerra, the regional lead for Latin America for the Global Methane Hub. That's an organization backed by philanthropic money that works on practical projects to cut methane emissions. Henrique discusses the options available to tackle the problem.Ed also talked to a key figure working to change one of the largest sources of methane emissions: the global oil and gas industry. Bjorn Otto Sverdrup is the chair of the executive committee for the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative, a group backed by 12 big international oil and gas companies that works on reducing emissions.He's also the head of the secretariat for a larger group that has signed up for the Oil and Gas Decarbonisation Charter. That includes more than 50 big oil and gas groups, including many leading national oil companies from emerging economies, that have pledged to work together to reach net zero emissions from their operations by 2050.What are companies really doing to cut emissions? What strategies and technologies can help detect and prevent leaks of methane? And how can carbon markets play in role in reducing emissions? Ed and his guests discuss those questions, and assess whether their efforts will start to pay off in time to hit the goals that so many countries have set.This episode is brought to you by Enbridge. Listen to Enbridge and GZERO's podcast Energized: The Future of Energy at GZEROmedia.com/theenergygangSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Methane in the Atmosphere: A Serious RiskMany of the solutions we often hear about when it comes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions revolve around reducing carbon emissions, as carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas emitted by human activities. Methane, however, is the second most common greenhouse gas, emitted through agricultural practices, landfill waste, coal mining, and oil and gas operations. While methane generally receives less attention than carbon dioxide when it comes to climate solutions, recent studies have shown that it is a more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, methane has a global warming potential 28-34 times higher than CO2 upon emission, which increases to 84-86 times over a 20-year period. How does methane enter our skies?The concentration of methane in the atmosphere has more than doubled over the past century. Both everyday infrastructure in older cities and major leaks at oil and gas fields add to the quantity of methane into the atmosphere. As for the source of these leaks, they are largely caused by equipment failures or faulty pipes and vessels. 2,595 gas incidents have been reported in the US from 2010 to 2021, adding up to 26.6 billion cubic feet of methane gas emitted. Methane impacts both the climate system and public health; breathing methane can cause damaged airways, lung diseases, asthma attacks, increased rates of preterm birth, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and heightened stroke risk.  What can we do?Mining operations can be improved to reduce methane leaks and oil and gas operations can greatly reduce emissions throughout the system. As our tools of measurement and technology improve, the world has realized the greater need to attack methane emissions, which led to the Global Methane Pledge in 2021. In this pledge, 158 countries and the EU pledged to make a distinct effort to reduce global methane emissions by at least 30 percent from 2020 levels by 2030. Part of reducing methane emissions involves switching from fossil fuels to electricity generated from renewable sources.  According to Environmental specialist and Stanford professor Dr. Rob Jackson, our skies will become cleaner once we switch to cleaner, electrical energy sources, including electric heat pumps to cool and heat our homes, electric water heaters, and especially electric stoves. According to the Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, methane emissions from gas stoves in America—when scaled to the 20-year global warming potential of the gas—were “comparable to the carbon dioxide emissions of approximately 500,000 gas-powered cars.” Health-wise, a study conducted by Stanford's Doerr School of Sustainability and PSE Healthy Energy found that “children who live in homes with gas stoves had a 24% higher risk of lifetime asthma and a 42% increased risk of having asthma currently.” Dr. Jackson says that making the switch to induction stoves is not only energetically cleaner and prevents the likelihood of gas leaks, but it also prevents us from being exposed to toxic pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and benzene gasses that come from gas stoves.Some potential drawbacks: the cost of electricityWhile induction stoves and a cleaner, electrical society sounds optimal, there are some challenges and barriers to making this a reality. First of all, not every person can afford to implement an induction stove and replace their functioning gas stove, as home renovations, rewirings, and big purchases such as a new stove cost a great deal of money. In this way, income inequality plays a major role in the way climate change impacts different people in society. Dr. Jackson uses the example of a person living in a lower-income community; surrounded by older, poorly-maintained appliances, people in these types of homes often breathe dirtier air indoors than outdoors. This is why Dr. Jackson proposes that the shift to clean energy be gradual; fueled by regulations and government support. Without social support, equal access to cleaner energy cannot be achieved.In terms of major gas leaks, change is hard to make as an individual. According to the Environmental Defense Fund, the best thing we can do is to fight for national policy to repair and prevent leaks wherever they occur: whether at mining facilities or under our sidewalks. This is a difficult task, as all individuals can do is push for political action, however agreements such as the Global Methane Pledge seem to be steps in the right direction.Who is our guest?Dr. Rob Jackson is a professor and senior research fellow at Stanford University, and author of Into the Clear Blue Sky, a novel on climate solutions. His lab focuses on using scientific knowledge to shape climate policies and reduce the environmental footprint of human activities. Currently, he chairs the Global Carbon Project, an effort to measure and control greenhouse gas emissions.ResourcesUS Environmental Protection Agency: Overview of Greenhouse GasesUNECE: The ChallengeMIT Technology Review: Methane leaks in the US are worse than we thoughtPIRG: Methane Gas LeaksEnvironmental Defense Fund: How Methane Impacts HealthGlobal Methane Pledge: About the Global Methane PledgeJournal of Environmental Science and Technology: Methane and NOx Emissions from Natural Gas Stoves, Cooktops, and Ovens in Residential HomesAmerican Chemical Society Publications: Gas and Propane Combustion from Stoves Emits Benzene and Increases Indoor Air PollutionEnvironmental Defense Fund: How to stop natural gas leaksFurther ReadingThe New York Times: Did I Turn Off the Stove? Yes, but Maybe Not the GasFor a transcript, please visit https://climatebreak.org/identifying-and-fixing-natural-gas-leaks-in-cities-with-dr-rob-jackson/

The Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) held a briefing discussing how nations can collaborate to monitor and mitigate methane emissions to improve air quality and meet emission reduction targets. Methane accounts for 30% of the rise in global temperatures since the Industrial Revolution and has 80 times the warming potential of carbon dioxide, making it a key lever in addressing the climate crisis.  Ahead of the United Nations annual conference on climate change (COP29), this briefing covered policies nations are implementing to effectively reduce their domestic methane emissions in the energy, agriculture, and waste sectors. Panelists discussed the implementation of the Global Methane Pledge, which 155 countries have signed, and highlighted the role of technology in improving methane monitoring, compliance, and reduction.

Climate scientists are warning methane - a highly potent greenhouse gas - is being "dangerously overlooked" when it comes to addressing global warming. Since it was first announced in 2021, more than 150 countries, including Australia, have signed up to the Global Methane Pledge. But just two per cent of climate finance goes towards slashing methane emissions.

In the next episode of the Energy Connects podcast, Editor-in-Chief Chiranjib Sengupta speaks to Ben Cahill, Senior Fellow, Energy Security and Climate Change Program, at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), for a broad discussion on the latest advances in the global LNG landscape, energy security and curbing emissions. Ben explains why the current US LNG pause could matter globally in the post-2030 capacity dynamics, the immediate ripple effects of the decision, and how the LNG sector and the energy industry in general is pursuing the pathway to a lower-carbon future. He also touches on the impact of clean energy initiatives such as the Global Methane Pledge and the Oil & Gas Decarbonisation Charter on the industry.

Les émissions de gaz à effet de serre sont indiscutablement un fléau pour le changement climatique, étant un facteur lié à la montée des températures. Si l'on connaît évidemment le dioxyde de carbone, il faut savoir que le méthane aurait d'après la communauté scientifique, un pouvoir de réchauffement 80 fois plus important que le CO2. Et malheureusement, les émissions mondiales de méthane surtout dans l'industrie du pétrole, du charbon et du gaz, ont atteint un triste record en 2023. La faute à des fuites de ce gaz… Une situation injustifiée et qui est arrivée sans réelle raison d'après une analyse de l'Agence internationale de l'énergie, puisque des solutions pour éviter les fuites existent !Plus précisément, l'AIE a imputé au secteur des énergies fossiles 120 millions de tonnes d'émissions de méthane en 2023, soit une augmentation par rapport à 2022. Si une diminution devrait avoir lieu très prochainement au regard des changements amorcés dans le secteur et des engagements pris à la COP28, les émissions de méthane sont responsables d'environ 30 % du réchauffement mondial depuis la révolution industrielle. Le souci, c'est que ces émissions de méthane de l'industrie fossile restent proches du record de 2019 et très loin des 75 % de réduction nécessaires d'ici 2030 pour tenir la limite de 1,5 °C de réchauffement fixé par l'accord de Paris. L'agence internationale de l'énergie estime que réduire de 75 % les fuites coûterait "environ 170 milliards de dollars, soit moins de 5 % des revenus de l'industrie fossile en 2023. Autre point intéressant, les deux tiers du méthane émis par l'industrie fossile proviendrait de seulement dix pays, avec la Chine étant de loin le premier émetteur au monde, notamment à cause de sa consommation de charbon, suivi par les États-Unis pour son utilisation du pétrole et au gaz, ainsi que la Russie.Les plus grandes fuites de méthane, détectées par satellite, ont je cite « augmenté de plus de 50 % par rapport à 2022, représentant 5 millions de tonnes supplémentaires ». L'une d'elle au Kazakhstan, a duré environ 200 jours. Malgré cela, l'AIE veut rester optimiste. Je cite, « les politiques et réglementations importantes annoncées ces derniers mois, ainsi que les nouveaux engagements pris au sommet climat de la COP28 à Dubaï, peuvent provoquer bientôt le déclin de ces fuites, et par conséquent, des émissions de méthanes ». À la COP28, 52 compagnies pétrogazières se sont engagées à atteindre « près de zéro méthane » dans leurs opérations d'ici 2030. Plus de 150 pays, dont récemment l'Azerbaïdjan, hôte de la COP29, ont aussi rejoint l'initiative « Global Methane Pledge », qui vise à réduire de 30 % ces émissions entre 2020 et 2030. Je cite l'agence « si toutes ces promesses sont parfaitement remplies et à temps, elles réduiraient les émissions d'environ 50 % d'ici 2030 » fin de citation. Pour s'assurer que les choses vont dans le bon sens, l'AIE, se félicite aussi de pouvoir compter je cite « sur un nombre croissant de satellites de pointe surveillant les fuites de méthane, comme le MethaneSAT », lancé avec succès début mars par une fusée SpaceX et contrôlé depuis la Nouvelle-Zélande.Analyse de l'AIE : https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2024 Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

With over 150 countries signing a Global Methane Pledge to reduce methane emissions by 30% by 2030, tracking will be essential worldwide. A purpose-built satellite, MethaneSAT, has been launched to do just that, with the satellite a project of the Environmental Defense Fund. Data will be available, to everyone, worldwide. * * *Want to watch this podcast as a video? This Week in Engineering is available on engineering.com TV along with all of our other shows such as End of the Line, Designing the Future, Manufacturing the Future, and the Engineering Roundtable.

Support us on Patreon... Tennant, Luke and Frankie are calling all Summerupperers to come join the expanded LMSU universe and support our just-launched Patreon! Our hope is to make this passion project of ours a tad more sustainable. You can sign up here:  https://www.patreon.com/LetMeSumUp.---Your intrepid hosts have charged into 2024 and are serving you the hottest takes on the spiciest topics. It's good to be back!We kick things off by recapping Big Thinkers Ross Garnaut and Rod Sims' appearance at the National Press Club on 14 February where the duo presented some big think ideas on how Australia could acquire energy Superpower status. A Carbon Solutions Levy proposed on the carbon content of all fossil fuels produced in or imported to Australia would fund the Capacity Investment Scheme, building of new transmission and hydrogen pipelines and support early development in Superpower industries like processing iron, aluminium and other critical minerals for export. Is this a Deadpool/Wolverine bromance destined for critical success? Only time may tell! Our main paperThe Australian Government's hotly anticipated Cleaner, Cheaper to Run Cars: The Australian New Vehicle Efficiency Standard is out for consultation (you've got until March 4 people) and the scrutiny of your intrepid hosts. We have been talking about vehicle efficiency standards for donkeys' years and the Government is keen to no longer be in a club with Russia as one of two advanced economies left without them. An ambitious timeline to see us converge with proposed (OR ARE THEY) US standards by 2028 would push a big uptick of EVs in new vehicle fleets but will it all be down to our ability to COMPLETE A GOVERNMENT IT PROJECT in time? One more thingsTennant's One More Thing is ex-Bloomberg New Energy Finance charts maven Nat Bullard has published his latest annual chart-a-thon on decarbonisation progress. It is a nerdy datafeast with loads that is positive, some provocative, and a sprinkling of grimness.Frankie's One More Thing is the US EPA's introduction of a Waste Emissions Charge for methane on oil and gas facilities that exceed specified thresholds. Combined with rule changes announced at COP28 as part of their Methane Emissions Reduction Program, provides a roadmap other signatories to the Global Methane Pledge could be getting on with!Luke's One More Thing is riff on one of Garnaut's reflections in the Q&A following his press club address; governments of the past have taken on the task of making (and winning) the argument for doing Hard Things in the National Interest. It worked in the 1980s for microeconomic reform, can it work in the 2020s for climate policy? And that's all from us Summerupperers! Support our Patreon at patreon.com/LetMeSumUp, send your hot tips and suggestions for papers to us at mailbag@letmesumup.net and check out our back catalogue at letmesumup.net.

In this episode Harvard Law professor and EELP's Founding Director Jody Freeman, speaks with Bjorn Otto Sverdrup, Chair of the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative's Oil and Gas Executive Committee, Riley Duren, CEO and Founder of Carbon Mapper, Peter Zalzal Distinguished Counsel and Associate Vice President of Clean Air Strategies at Environmental Defense Fund, and EELP's Executive Director, Carrie Jenks. They discuss international and domestic efforts to reduce methane emissions, the Global Methane Pledge from COP 26, the Oil and Gas Decarbonization Charter from COP 28, the Biden administration's recently released final methane rule for the oil and natural gas sector, the technology innovation that is making it increasingly possible to detect methane leaks, and the climate benefits of focusing on methane. Transcript available here http://eelp.law.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/CleanLaw-91-transcript.pdf

En Dubái, los líderes del mundo, grandes empresas y actores de la sociedad civil buscan soluciones y pactos para luchar contra la climática. Estos días, el metano ha estado en el centro de las discusiones. Se trata de un gas que tiene un poder de calentamiento de la atmósfera 40 veces más elevado que el CO2.   Desde DubáiAunque no lo parezca, los cultivos de arroz, la digestión de los bovinos y la extracción de hidrocarburos tienen un punto en común: son actividades humanas que emiten grandes cantidades de metano, un gas que contribuye gravemente al calentamiento de la atmósfera.Durante la última década, gracias al auge de la observación satelital, los científicos han descubierto una realidad preocupante: las emisiones de metano son mucho más elevadas que lo que reportan las empresas y estados.  “La constante ha sido que en cada lugar donde realizamos un estudio detallado de emisiones (de metano), lo que nos encontramos es que son mucho más altas de lo reportado ya sea por los gobiernos en los inventarios nacionales o las empresas en sus reportes de emisiones.”, indica a RFI el doctor Daniel Zavala-Araiza, científico de la ONG internacional Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) y que coordina el equipo de estudio del metano. “Eso nos pasó en EE.UU., en Canadá y de manera más reciente en México: encontramos que las emisiones eran más del doble de lo que los datos del gobierno y la industria local sugeriría”, ejemplifica el científico.En 2021, en el marco del Global Methane Pledge, la comunidad internacional se comprometió a reducir un 30% las emisiones globales de metano en 2030, con relación a 2020. El cumplimiento de dicha promesa permitiria enfriar la atmósfera 0,2°C de aquí a 2050. Pero a pesar de este compromiso y de la existencia de soluciones técnicas sencillas para reducirlas, las fugas masivas de metano persisten en países como Kazajistán, Rusia, China, EE.UU. o Emiratos Árabes Unidos.  En esta COP28 en Dubái, medio centenar de empresas de extracción de hidrocarburos, entre las cuales varias empresas nacionales y gigantes como Shell, Exxon o TotalEnergies se comprometieron a reducir al máximo sus emisiones de metano de aquí a 2030 poniendo fin a la quema rutinaria de gas en antorcha, por ejemplo. Estados Unidos también anunció una regulación más estricta para el sector energético.Según Daniel Zavala-Araiza, estos compromisos voluntarios de empresas de hidrocarburos para eliminar las emisiones de metano, aunque son bienvenidas, no son suficientes. La COP, debe ser, según el investigador, el momento de consensuar regulaciones más ambiciosas. “Hemos visto desde el sábado una combinación de regulaciones más ambiciones de parte de EE.UU., de la Unión Europea y de empresas que se juntan para minimizar las emisiones (…). Las acciones voluntarias por si solas no van a funcionar, necesitamos regulaciones”. La ONG EDF lanzará a principios del año entrante un satélite que permitirá detectar con más precisión las fugas de metano y poder así denunciar su existencia.

This week, Bryony speaks with Jason Anderson, Senior Program Director at ClimateWorks, who oversees the Governance & Diplomacy and Super Pollutant programs. His work spans efforts ranging from implementing the Paris Agreement to cleaning up dirty shipping and preventing methane leakage. Jason has over 25 years of experience in climate and clean energy, beginning in the solar energy conversion office at the U.S. Department of Energy, which led him to promote photovoltaics for rural electrification in Central America. Jason then worked in a range of climate organizations in Brussels for 15 years, ranging from Climate Action Network Europe to the Institute for European Environmental Policy to the World Wildlife Foundation (WWF). Jason was a lead author of the IPCC special reports on ozone and climate interactions, and on carbon capture and storage; in 2007 Jason was acknowledged for his contribution to the IPCC's Nobel Peace Prize. Jason holds a Masters in Public Policy degree and a Masters in Science in energy and resources from the University of California Berkeley, and a degree in biological anthropology from Harvard University.   Links  Climateworks Governance & Diplomacy Program which Jason oversees: https://www.climateworks.org/programs/governance-diplomacy/ COP 28 Website: https://www.cop28.com/en/ Read a summary of the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer: https://www.unep.org/ozonaction/who-we-are/about-montreal-protocol Read the US EPA's summary of 2016 Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol: https://www.epa.gov/ozone-layer-protection/recent-international-developments-under-montreal-protocol Explore the Climate and Clean Air Coalition's work on short-lived climate pollutants: https://www.ccacoalition.org/content/short-lived-climate-pollutants Read about the Environmental Defense Fund's new MethaneSAT: https://business.edf.org/insights/methane-satellites-usher-in-new-era-of-emissions-visibility-and-transparency/ Explore the Global Methane Pledge: https://www.globalmethanepledge.org/  Related Episodes Episode 143: Johannah Christensen – Is Shipping the Easiest “Hard-to-Abate” Sector? - https://www.cleaningup.live/is-shipping-the-easiest-hard-to-abate-sector-ep143-johannah-christensen/  

Reducing methane emissions is a critical aspect of climate action and must go hand-in-hand with decarbonising our energy systems if we want to limit global warming to 1.5°C. As a signatory to the Global Methane Pledge, what is Malaysia's responsibility in cutting methane emissions by our oil and gas industry? On this episode of #ConsiderThis Melisa Idris speaks to Dr Shareen Yawanarajah, Director of Global Energy Transition at the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), a global nonprofit driving scientific efforts to focus the world's attention on the importance of reducing methane emissions.

At Cop26 was launched the Global Methane Pledge to catalyse action to reduce methane. The problem is that no one really knew how much methane leaked nor who emitted what. Even the emitters didn't have a clear view of the problem.First came satellites, that provided a regional assessment of the problem. But they only solved a fraction of the equation. In order to get more granular and be able to precisely identify methane leaks and attribute them, new technologies had to be applied. Sensors are now carried by planes, drones or are stationary. And their constant monitoring finally allows the methane to be tracked at a micro level. The combination of those different technologies has revolutionised the tracking of methane leaks and help fix them. We have the pleasure of welcoming an old friend of the show, Gregg Rotenberg, a 20-year clean tech veteran and CEO Kairos Aerospace. Kairos is the global leader in mitigating methane emissions. Kairos and alongside others like MIQ, is firmly leading the methane chase.And it's just the beginning, because, if the US is starting to fix the problem, other countries like Venezuela, Mexico, Turkmenistan, Iraq or Libya couldn't care less and are totally irresponsible when it comes to methane. Certainly, a good subject of discussion for COP28. ----Useful links;https://kairosaerospace.com/https://www.basinwide.org/ ----The Episode is delivered in partnership with the Energy Institute. www.energyinst.org A supporter of the Methane Guiding Principles and Aiming for Zero initiatives, the Energy Institute and its industry partners are working to make energy lower carbon, safer and more efficient. ------The Episode is sponsored by PV CASE. PV CASE is the ultimate design software for solar PV developers from the earliest stages of planning all the way to the procurement phase. https://pvcase.com/RedefiningEnergy

Today I'll be chatting with Jean-François Gauthier, VP of Strategic Initiatives at GHGSat - Global Emissions Monitoring. GHGSat is a global leader in greenhouse gas emissions monitoring. They use satellite based and aerial remote sensing technology to identify emissions such as methane leaks and provide this information to companies looking to better their environmental impact. I personally find this technology to be fascinating and am excited to learn more.  Follow us on social media @sustainabiliME.pod GHGSat: https://www.ghgsat.com/en/ Global Methane Pledge: https://www.globalmethanepledge.org/ 

Hear from Nicky Dee, Co-Founder of Carbon13, as we take a closer look at the climate startup ecosystem and how it's changing the way we decarbonize. Many sectors, especially hard-to-abate ones such as steel and cement, are failing to align with a 1.5-degree world and still require fundamental change to become viable in a low carbon economy. Recognizing that there is no one-size-fits-all solution, we often turn to innovation as a way to find creative solutions to decarbonization challenges. Many entrepreneurs and innovators are turning their attention to climate and environmental issues, but given the scale and urgency of the challenges, more are always needed. Building on what we learnt about startups in the previous episode of this podcast, this discussion will dive into the world of venture builders which specialize in incubating climate startups, harnessing the creative power of entrepreneurs to tackle the climate emergency. We explore some key aspects of climate venture building, including: The process of creating a startup; How to build a team of the right people; and How these startups can help catalyse the transition to net-zero. For more information on climate risk, visit GARP's Global Sustainability and Climate Risk Resource Center: https://www.garp.org/sustainability-climate If you have any questions, thoughts, or feedback regarding this podcast series, we would love to hear from you at: climateriskpodcast@garp.com Links from today's discussion: Carbon13 – https://carbonthirteen.com/C Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership – https://www.cisl.cam.ac.uk/ Entrepreneur First – https://www.joinef.com/ Kita – carbon insurance– https://www.kita.earth/ Kita CEO Natalia Dorfman on the Climate Risk Podcast - https://www.garp.org/podcast/powerful-risk-management-cr-050423 Blue Methane – removing methane from water – https://www.bluemethane.com/ Global Methane Pledge – https://www.globalmethanepledge.org/ Naturebound – measuring and monitoring biodiversity - https://naturebound.ai/ Preoptima – real-time carbon analysis for construction projects –  https://www.preoptima.com/ Biozeroc – carbon neutral construction materials – https://www.biozeroc.com/ Speaker's Bio Nicky Dee, Co-Founder and Chief Innovation and Sustainability Officer at Carbon13 Nicky has over 20 years' experience engaging with startups and a variety of stakeholders to promote sustainability. She co-founded Carbon13 to build and invest in companies to address the climate emergency. Over the last two years, this has included 46 pre-seed investments in cutting-edge net zero startups, including Kita, who's CEO Natalia Dorfman featured in the previous episode of this podcast. Nicky has pioneered a range of activities including innovation prizes, low carbon investments, corporate engagement mechanisms and startup ecosystems. She has a PhD from the University of Cambridge, and is a Senior Associate with the Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership.

Today we're looking at food waste and loss on an international scale. Did you know that over 1/3 of the world's food is lost or wasted? In low- and middle-income countries, over 40% of food loss occurs before a crop even makes it to the market. This food loss undermines efforts to end hunger and malnutrition. Wasted food contributes 8 to 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Addressing this challenge is critical to global food security, nutrition, and climate change mitigation. Interview Summary   Norbert: Ahmed, let's begin with a question for you. Can you tell our listeners why USAID has decided to prioritize addressing food loss and waste?   Ahmed: Thank you, Norbert. Food loss and waste is increasingly a part of our global agenda, whether we are talking about food security and nutrition, economic growth, or climate change. As you mentioned, 30 to 40% of food produced is either lost or wasted throughout the farm to consumer supply chain. Many of USAID partner countries lose up to 35% of their food annually at multiple points. In the field due to spoilage and damage, while being transported or stored, and when it goes unused by consumers. Nutrient-dense foods, such as fruits, vegetables, dairy, and meat are highly perishable and often lost due to bruising or spoilage, thus decreasing nutrient-rich foods in the market. These losses equate to one out of every four calories intended for human consumption, enough to feed 2 billion people. According to the World Resource Institute, just a 25% reduction in food loss and waste across the world would decrease the food calorie gap by 12%.   On the climate mitigation side, emission from food loss and waste create nearly 8 to 10% of all greenhouse gas emission. If food loss and waste was a country, it would be the third largest emitter. The global food crisis requires us to think about accelerated pace of change, and in many ways food loss and waste is a low-hanging fruit. The investment in time and energy to grow it are already made. Now we are maximizing its benefit. There really is a huge opportunity. Food loss and waste is a triple win. It will improve nutrition and food security. It will improve income for small order farmers, but also for others all along the supply chain, so it can be a force multiplier for job creation. It is a great entry point for our agenda for improving opportunity for women and youth, so it has an equity component, and it is important for addressing climate crisis.   Brenna: Nika, turning to you. I understand that part of your role at USAID is to produce a podcast called "Kitchen Sink Food Loss and Waste." What was the rationale and objective of creating the podcast, and what are your plans for the future?   Nika: The monthly USAID "Kitchen Sink Food Loss and Waste" podcast was an idea born from the USAID community of practice to increase awareness and promote knowledge sharing among USAID staff, implementing partners, and development professionals. The podcast began with a 101 episode, explaining what food loss and waste is, why we should care, and how we can reduce it. We have episodes featuring experts speaking on technical topics ranging from the role of the private sector and youth in reducing food loss and waste, to solutions that include post-harvest handling innovations and cold chain. In a special December 2022 episode with USAID's Dina Esposito, Bureau for Resilience and Food Security, together with Senior Climate Advisor Ann Vaughan, the episode explores USAID's prioritization of food loss and waste, and the triple win opportunities inherent in food loss and waste programming, that engages women and youth while emphasizing nutrition.   We are now available wherever you listen to podcasts. Each episode has an audio-only format, as well as a video recording that can be found on YouTube. We hope to reach a wider audience, including organizations, private sector members, and individuals interested in reducing their own food loss and waste. We have some exciting upcoming episodes with different formats, including a food loss and waste storytelling episode with a dramatic reenactment similar to "This American Life," and case studies for missions.   Ultimately, it is our goal to increase the frequency of episodes to two per month, and to continue to feature high-level speakers and technical experts, including our inter-agency colleagues. The podcast has proven to be a great way to connect internally and externally, and has sparked excitement and interesting conversations. I love receiving emails from individuals I haven't previously interacted with because of their interest in the podcast. And we're always open to suggestions for topics and speakers, so I encourage anyone listening to reach out. The podcast is a new medium for us, and one that has not only been successful in raising awareness, but has also been quite fun to work on.   Brenna: Norbert and I have been doing this for a little bit, and it is really fun to talk to other people about food loss and waste, and thanks so much for sharing what you all are doing. It seems really fun to listen to a dramatic reading about food waste, so I'll have to watch for that in the future. Ahmed, turning to you now. Could you talk about what USAID is doing internationally to address food loss and waste and incorporate climate and methane mitigation?   Ahmed: Thank you for this question and I'm glad you asked it. At the UN Food System Summit last year USAID announced its commitment to address food loss and waste, including investing $60 million over five years in new research contributing to critical evidence-driven solutions to reduce food loss and waste. This includes support for Feed the Future, the US Government Global Hunger and Food Security Initiative led by USAID. The Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Post-Harvest Loss Reduction is working in with collaboration in Ghana to locally produce technologies that will thoroughly dry and safely store grains for future use. Technologies like this are critical as more than 750,000 metric tons of maize are lost each year to rot and disease across the country contribute to over half million metric tons of greenhouse gases. The Women Poultry Association has adopted these technologies to help them overcome those harvest challenges. With the proper drying and the storage of maize enabled by these technologies, farmers and association member, Josephine Evans, has been able to increase her flock of birds from 1000 to 50,000 over five years. Successes like these have helped farmers endure a historic climate change related maize shortage and continue providing animal source food to maintain food and nutrition security.   Additionally, the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Food Processing and Post-Harvest Handling has been doing some exciting work with youth in Kenya, linking youth groups with agro-dealers to incentivize youth to sell food loss and waste reducing imports such as hermetic bags and moisture meters to smallholder farmers who were underserved by existing input supply chains. The Innovation Lab and their Kenya partners worked with over 300 youth and did a randomized control study to look at what was most successful. Youth were given a small amount of imports, for example, bags to sell to farmers. Youth with existing assets like motorcycles or small businesses made net profit of $75 a month, while youth with less assets only made $10 more a month and were less successful in sale. Figuring out how to make sure we can help uplift youth at all income levels will be important. These examples highlight how food loss and waste initiatives can be beneficial for growing the income of women and youth along with improving nutrition.   Additionally, we also invested supplemental funds provided by the US Congress in response to the global food security crisis. Part of these supplemental funds were used to fund food loss and waste partnership facility. It's currently open for application by small and medium enterprises in Bangladesh, Kenya, Nepal, Nigeria, Niger and Tanzania. These countries have been hard hit by Russian invasion of Ukraine and have high-level food loss and waste. So this targeted and timely investment can make real difference. Through the market system partnership, food loss and waste partnership facility, businesses can apply for matching grants that will increase the uptake and scaling of technologies and management practices that reduce food loss and waste with any emphasis in nutrition.   As USAID continues to invest in food loss and waste effort, we'll continue to link our work to other sectors. Food loss and waste is not just a climate adaptation initiative but also an important knock in effect for a climate mitigation, especially as reducing food loss and waste reduces methane emission. I think this is one of the most exciting co-benefit that also gets the broader community and world excited about reducing food loss and waste. Methane is emitted when food brought in the field and transport at market which happens there is not proper storage and of course when food is wasted and thrown out by consumers or wholesalers. According to the IPCC, methane accounts for 30 to 50% global warming. The United Nation Environmental Unit estimates that food loss and waste is associated with methane emission near 50 metric ton per year. Additional measures like a shift to renewable energy and reduction of food loss and waste can reduce methane emission by 15% by 2030. So if we can cut methane emission, as called for by the Global Methane Pledge, by at least 30% from 2020 levels by 2030 which could eliminate over 0.2 degrees warming by 2050 and really buy us more time to deal with other gases that are contributing to climate crisis and making the world a more dangerous place.   Brenna: Thanks so much for sharing those opportunities with us, Ahmed and all the progress that's already being made in this space.   Norbert: Nika, let's turn back to you. What is USAID doing to keep food loss and waste as a development agenda priority?   Nika: Thanks, Norbert. Happy to share how USAID is ensuring that food loss and waste remains a priority. We recently launched a food loss and waste community of practice, which brings together our Feed the Future Innovation Lab research partners, private sector businesses, the World Bank and Foundations, along with USAID staff in DC and in our missions to exchange ideas, identify priority focus areas and advance new partnerships. We also have six food loss and waste, "upstander missions." So named because they will no longer be bystanders to food loss and waste, but are ready to take action to advance this agenda within their food security portfolios.   At last year's COP27 climate conference there was not only an agriculture theme day, there were also six pavilions on food and an important emphasis on food systems featuring several food loss and waste panels. COP28 will include even more focus on food systems, which will create exciting momentum for food loss and waste. We would love to see food loss and waste as a standalone session or initiative at COP 28.   The US government has joined The Food is Never Waste Coalition, working with Champions 12.3 to halve food waste by 2030 and to reduce food losses by at least 25% with a goal of creating more sustainable and resilient food systems. USAID engages with our inter-agency colleagues including USDA, EPA, and FDA to promote strategic engagement on food loss and waste issues. We have several exciting international food loss and waste workshops in the planning phase for this year.   Of course, we are trying to amplify our messages and promote knowledge management, including through the USAID Kitchen Sink Podcast and by hosting food loss and waste theme months on the Agrilinks website to share learnings and success stories. Country specific data can really help move the needle forward. We're excited to be working with IFPRI, who has done a deep dive on the economic impacts of reducing food loss and waste. While there are some caveats to the research, cutting food loss and waste in half in Nigeria, for example, could increase GDP by one to 2%, while decreasing poverty and hunger by 4.4%. That's huge and that will get the attention of finance ministers and other policymakers who are essential to making changes.   Norbert: Wow! Thank you for that response and I'm so impressed by the systemic view that you all are taking both in terms of looking across the food supply chain and how your agency works with other agencies across the federal government and also other international organizations. That's really wonderful work. I would like to learn a little more about the link between food loss and waste and the food safety agenda.   Nika: I'm glad you brought up the food systems approach because that is definitely an emphasis at the agency and food safety is of course, part of that. I joined the agency as an AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellow in the food safety division. So, the linkages between food loss and waste and food safety are near and dear to me and as we say in the food safety division safe food is saved food. In a world where as many as 830 million go to bed hungry every night and 420,000 die from unsafe food every year, we cannot afford to lose food due to poor post-harvest management and contamination. Moreover, nutrient dense foods, such as fruits, vegetables, dairy and meat are often highly perishable and lost due to bruising or spoilage, thus decreasing the availability of nutrient-rich foods on the market. Just a 25% reduction in food loss and waste across the world would decrease the food calorie gap by 12%. Improving cold chain logistics, storage facilities and food processing technologies can improve food safety and reduce food loss, improving agricultural led economic growth. Technologies to reduce food waste can also help improve food safety and shelf life. For example, practices or technologies that improve post-harvest handling and processing, transportation and cold chain can improve food safety and reduce food loss and waste due to spoilage. Food that is lost or unsafe cannot be sold. Leading to losses in revenue and impacts on food security and nutrition due to decreases in the amount of food available. Improving food safety systems improves food loss and waste efforts directly and indirectly while increasing access to nutritious food.   Bios   Nika Larian is a Food Loss and Waste Advisor in the Center for Nutrition within the US Agency for International Development (USAID) Bureau of Resilience and Food Security. Dr. Larian is passionate about the intersection of nutrition, food safety, and climate sustainability. Nika is the producer of the USAID Kitchen Sink Food Loss and Waste Podcast and Co-Chair of the Global Nutrition Coordination Plan (GNCP) Food Safety Technical Working Group. Previously, she was an American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Science and Technology Policy Fellow at USAID, working as a Food Systems Advisor. Nika received her Ph.D. in Nutritional Sciences at the University of Kentucky in 2019. Her doctoral research explored the effects of environment pollutants on human health, namely diabetes and obesity. Working at USAID, she has provided technical assistance and policy guidance on US Government nutrition strategies and engaged with colleagues across the interagency. Ahmed Kablan is a Senior Science Advisor, Center for Nutrition/Food Safety Division/Bureau for Resilience and Food Security/USAID. Dr. Kablan manages several research programs in the area of Nutritious and Safe Foods that includes the Food Safety Innovation Lab, Post-harvest Loss Reduction Innovation lab. Dr. Kablan leads the Nutrition Center's efforts on Food loss and waste, food safety and nutrition research; member of the Interagency Risk Assessment Committee (IRAC), member of the Interagency Committee on Human Nutrition Research (ICHNR), member of the external advisory boards for the Partnership for Aflatoxin in Africa (PACA), the Food Systems for Nutrition Innovation lab, The Golden Rice & the Food Safety Innovation Lab. Dr. Kablan is a co-lead of the USAID Food Loss and Waste (FLW) community of practices, representing USAID on the UNFSS Food is never a waste Coalition and member of the interagency food loss and waste working group. Dr. Kablan leads the center for nutrition efforts on climate change and food systems and is a member of the USAID climate change technical working group and the USG Climate Change, Food Systems, Nutrition Security, and the Interagency Climate Change and Human Health Group (CCHHG) under the U.S. Global Change Research Program. Dr. Kablan has wide technical expertise in nutrition, food Safety, nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, double burden of malnutrition, metabolic syndrome, food safety & public health.  

Harvard Kennedy School Professor Robert Stavins and Professor Daniel Jacob of Harvard's School of Engineering and Applied Sciences are at the forefront of new efforts to monitor and control methane, a potent greenhouse gas. It used to seem like methane wasn't such a big deal. It was that other climate gas, the one that was the butt of cow flatulence jokes and that only stayed in the atmosphere for a decade or so. But since important global warming targets are now just 7 years away and science has developed a better understanding of both methane's pervasiveness and its potent role in warming the atmosphere, it's now very much on the front burner for increasingly concerned climate policymakers. The good news is that the science of monitoring methane emissions has taken huge leaps forward recently, thanks to advances in supercomputing, weather modeling, and satellite imaging, to the point where we could soon have daily real-time monitoring and measuring of methane emissions around the globe. Our two guests are playing an important role in that effort. Robert Stavins is an economist and the director of the Harvard Environmental Economics Project and the Harvard Project on Climate Agreements. Daniel Jacob was named the world's top environmental scientist last year by Research.com and his groundbreaking work has been instrumental in creating methane monitoring systems so precise they can track emissions to a specific company or another individual source—from space. Both say that the need to address the methane issue is urgent and that the countries of the world now have the wherewithal to get methane emissions under control. There are hopeful signs, including a major international agreement called the Global Methane Pledge, but the big question will be whether global leaders have the will to follow through.Robert Stavins is the A.J. Meyer Professor of Energy & Economic Development, Director of Graduate Studies for the Doctoral Programs in Public Policy and in Political Economy and Government, Cochair of the MPP/MBA and MPA/ID/MBA Joint Degree Programs. He is the Director of the Harvard Environmental Economics Program and the Harvard Project on Climate Agreements. He is a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, a University Fellow of Resources for the Future, former Chair of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Economics Advisory Board, and a member of the editorial councils of scholarly periodicals. His research has examined diverse areas of environmental economics and policy and has appeared in a variety of economics, law, and policy journals, as well as several books. Stavins directed Project 88, a bipartisan effort cochaired by former Senator Timothy Wirth and the late Senator John Heinz to develop innovative approaches to environmental problems. He has been a consultant to government agencies, international organizations, corporations, and advocacy groups. He holds a BA in philosophy from Northwestern University, an MS in agricultural economics from Cornell, and a PhD in economics from Harvard.Daniel Jacob is the Vasco McCoy Family Professor of Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Engineering in the School of Engineering & Applied Science at Harvard University. His research covers a wide range of topics in atmospheric chemistry, from air quality to climate change, and has led the development of the GEOS-Chem global 3-D model of atmospheric composition. In 2022, he won both the Best Scientist Award and the Environmental Sciences in United States Leader Award from Research.com as the top environmental scientist in the world. Jacob has also served as a mission scientist on eight NASA aircraft missions around the world and was awarded NASA's Distinguished Public Service Medal in 2003. Jacob has trained over 100 Ph.D. students and postdocs over the course of his career.  In 1994 he was made a Fellow of American Geophysical Union (AGU) and was awarded the James B. Macelwane Medal. He holds a Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering from Caltech. Ralph Ranalli of the HKS Office of Public Affairs and Communications is the host, producer, and editor of HKS PolicyCast. A former journalist, public television producer, and entrepreneur, he holds an AB in Political Science from UCLA and an MS in Journalism from Columbia University.The co-producer of PolicyCast is Susan Hughes. Design and graphics support is provided by Lydia Rosenberg, Delane Meadows and the OCPA Design Team. Social media promotion and support is provided by Natalie Montaner and the OCPA Digital Team. 

“Things that we used to think were 20 or 30 years into the future are in fact happening today…  Climate change is noticeably changing the extent, the severity, and the frequency of these kinds of events.” This stark assessment from Jonathan Pershing, Program Director of Environment at the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, is at the center of a discussion of progress made and needed for international climate commitments, the role of critical minerals in the green energy transition, and climate-related migration trends with ECSP Senior Fellow Sherri Goodman and ECSP Program Associate Amanda King in this week's episode of New Security Broadcast. Pershing brings a wealth of perspective to the conversation, drawing on his roles formally supporting Special Presidential Envoy for Climate John Kerry, and serving both as a Special Envoy for Climate Change at the U.S. Department of State and lead U.S. negotiator to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change.   As the world is currently tuning in to the 2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP27) in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, Pershing noted that the year since COP 26 occurred in Glasgow “really feels like a bit of a tipping point in the scale.” One notable yardstick can be found in a comparison of the scales of global security dimensions and refugee crises occurring over the past year. While about 5 million people have been displaced by Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and under 10 million compelled to move because of the ongoing conflict in Syria, he continued, climate catastrophe has displaced nearly 30 million people in Pakistan alone.  “One event, short term,” Pershing said. Against this backdrop, Pershing observed that a key problem facing COP27 attendees is that “people have not been able to make as much progress as we'd like to have made.” Implementation is going to be hard, he said. “We know we've got the money now at the table, but how do you carry it forward?” A central point of contention at this year's conference is the long-standing commitment that the developed world would help the developing world transition to renewables. Pershing identified China as a major player in the global transition to renewable energy. “If we look at the total global development of renewable energy,” he said, “and divide up the world into two parts—one part is China.” Indeed, China's slice of that pie “is as big if not bigger than the rest of the world combined in terms of its installation of new renewable capacity.”  Pershing considered that the world is not up to the scale needed for the coming decades in terms of obtaining the materials necessary for this energy transition. In examining the U.S. role in the renewable energy transition, for example, he noted that the U.S. has been historically reluctant to create the new facilities required for the essential minerals to make such a transition. Pershing also said that while the U.S. has a share in global mines, it is only a piece of the total amount. If the U.S. wants to build out its capacity for these resources, it will take a global network.  While the energy transition and mining for critical minerals can be a point of conflict, Pershing added that it may also be a possible point of cooperation between the U.S. and China. But what would such partnership look like? “It could occur in places where it doesn't conflict with the underlying security tensions between the countries,” Pershing said, “but yet offers a real opportunity to transition to the future that we must have.” This common ground might include places where policy is central, and where information could be exchanged about creating more efficient and environmentally-sound mining operations. The Democratic Republic of Congo is one place suggested by Pershing as a nation offering the U.S. and China a chance to work together to minimize deforestation as global networks seek growing access to minerals.  Pershing concluded by offering the Global Methane Pledge as an example of the significant movement on climate change that might be realized via international climate commitments. Of the many flavors of greenhouse gases contributing to climate change, the dominant challenge is carbon dioxide, but the second most prominent contributor is methane. Yet for much of the history of climate negotiations, the dynamics of methane were underplayed. Pershing pointed to the hope offered by the growing number of countries joining the Global Methane Pledge, and pushing to realize the many near-term preventative measures that can be accomplished if the world works on reducing methane emissions. The pledge itself, he said, “could be the kind of model that helps shape some of the answers, not just to methane, but to carbon dioxide, and the other greenhouse gases.”  Sources: Global Methane Pledge 

In a tantalising pre-COP27 gathering your intrepid hosts start by dissecting the implications of the Australian Government's commitment to sign up to the Global Methane Pledge. An initiative spear-headed by the EU and US ahead of COP26, the pledge requires signatories to commit to cutting methane emissions 30% on 2020 levels by 2030. More seaweed coming to a trough near your friendly neighbourhood cows? Most certainly, but as always, there are sectors that present more quick wins (read on!) and others that will be slower to mooove.The locus of our focus this week is a paper by UK-based think tank Ember, 'Tackling Australia's Coal Mine Methane Problem' by Dr Sabina Assan. The paper picks up on the recent revisions by the IEA to Australia's estimated fugitive methane emissions from coal mines based on new-fangled satellite imagery and suggests measures to improve measurement, reporting, mitigation and ultimately, avoidance of coal mine methane emissions. A topical choice ahead of COP27 to be sure. What did we make of it you may ask? Listen on for spicy vindaloo and yogurt antimatter takes!Frankie's One More Thing starts us off at the bleak end of the climate action spectrum with UNEP's Emissions Gap Report 2022. TLDR: there is currently no credible pathway to 1.5C and current policies have us on track to 2.8C of warming by the end of the century. Your intrepid hosts, ever the optimists, like to picture the window into a clean energy future Utopia is just that bit further ajar with comfort taken in recent commitments from the US and the conservative nature of models representing the uptake of renewable energy (see episode 11!).Tennants's One More Thing had him scandalously plugging another podcast! Quelle horreur! Michael Liebreich, we salute your fantastic pod Cleaning Up and in particular, your recent episode with former Greek finance minister Yanis Varoufakis on the structure of energy markets. A cracking and timely conversation about the role of Government in driving more structural energy market governance reform. If you felt so inclined to return the favour to your friendly neighbour pod here at Let Me Sum Up we'd love to have you on to talk all things energy transition and dare I say it, explore demand side action with fellow efficiency acolytes. Slide on in to our DMs ;-)Luke's One More Thing brings us home by christening YOU our dear listeners with a well deserved moniker "Summer-upperers". With more syllables than the title of the pod we feel this is incredibly ON BRAND for your fortnightly one-hour, 45-min podcast on all things climate and energy. Massive thanks to listener Cynan for the inspo in coining the collective noun for this burgeoning pod community!The next time you hear from us dear Summer-upperers will be from COP27 in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt! We look forward to dissecting and reporting the goings on over the next two weeks. Make sure you follow us on Twitter at @LukeMenzel, @TennantReed and @FrankieMuskovic and in the meantime please send us your spicy vindaloo takes and suggestions for papers at mailbag@letmesumup.net.

Australia's federal budget will see a massive increase of 56% in electricity costs over the next 18 months.RBA data shows Australia's home prices to drop by up to 20% The latest inflation data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics shows annual inflation was 7.3% for the September quarter, the highest since June 1990. Australia has joined the Global Methane Pledge, becoming one of the last major developed economies to sign on to an effort to reduce emissions of the potent greenhouse gas 30% from 2020 levels by the end of this decade. Premier Daniel Andrews plans to restore the SEC in Victoria after 3 decades of privatisation.Follow my socials on: https://twitter.com/leongettlerhttps://www.instagram.com/leongettler/https://www.linkedin.com/in/leongettler/https://www.facebook.com/talkingbusinesspodcasthttps://business.google.com/dashboard/l/17460167277811417147?hl=en&gmbsrc=au-en-z-z-z-gmb-s-119-u~mhp-ns_hom_8-u&omec=EI_z6RYYASIBATIBATotZ21ic3JjPWF1LWVuLXotei16LWdtYi1zLTExOS11fm1ocC1uc19ob21fOC11QAFKEwjq4cCIj5D3AhXNnWMKHUB5Cqg%3Dhttps://www.youtube.com/c/LeonGettler/discussion?app=desktop Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that traps energy far more efficiently than carbon dioxide. Reduction of methane emissions is thus essential to slowing climate change, and livestock are a major source of these emissions. Dr. Phil Cardoso talks with Dr. Alex Hristov of Penn State University about nutritional strategies for mitigating production of methane by dairy cattle. They discuss the effectiveness of several different feed additives at reducing methane emissions and their effects on DMI and milk production.PaperCast is also available as an audio podcast!Find us on: Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/dairy-focus-papercast/id1530748959Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/223Pv4qwRcMFyyy3CXdL3rPodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/3098543Podchaser: https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/dairy-focus-papercast-1420022RSS: https://feeds.buzzsprout.com/1327510.rssLinks to papers and other sources mentioned in this video --------------------------------------------------------------- Hristov et al. 2022. Symposium review: Effective nutritional strategies to mitigate enteric methane in dairy cattle.DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21398https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(22)00392-7/fulltextInternational Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO) https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/energy/what-we-do/imeoJoint EU-US Statement on the Global Methane Pledge https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_21_5206Hristov et al. 2015, An inhibitor persistently decreased enteric methane emission from dairy cows with no negative effect on milk production.DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1504124112https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.150412411273rd Annual Meeting of EAAP. Porto, Portugal, September 5–9 2022.https://eaap2022.org/docs/Final_Programme_EAAP22.pdf#page=53Arndt et al. 2022, Full adoption of the most effective strategies to mitigate methane emissions by ruminants can help meet the 1.5 °C target by 2030 but not 2050.DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111294119https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2111294119Duin et al. 2016, Mode of action uncovered for the specific reduction of methane emissions from ruminants by the small molecule 3-nitrooxypropanol.DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600298113Pitta et al. 2022, The effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol, a potent methane inhibitor, on ruminal microbial gene expression profiles in dairy cows.DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01341-9https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-022-01341-9FAO-IPCC Expert Meeting on Climate Change, Land Use and Food Security. Rome, Italy January 23–25 2017.https://www.fao.org/3/i7068e/i7068e.pdfHristov and Melgar 2020, Short communication: Relationship of dry matter intake with enteric methane emission measured with the GreenFeed system in dairy cows receiving a diet without or with 3-nitrooxypropanol.DOI: 10.1017/S1751731120001731https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1751731120001731?via%3Dihubhttps://globalresearchalliance.org/research/livestock/networks/feed-nutrition-network/Hammond et al. 2016, Review of current in vivo measurement techniques for quantifying enteric methane emission from ruminants.DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.05.018https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0377840116302048Roque et al. 2019, Inclusion of Asparagopsis armata in lactating dairy cows' diet reduces enteric methane emission by over 50 percent.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652619321559DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.193Martins et al. 2022, Effects of feeding method and frequency on lactationalperformance and enteric methane emission in dairy cows.https://www.adsa.org/Portals/0/SiteContent/Docs/Meetings/2022ADSA/Abst

Today, Rachel Withers criticises the Coalitions response to the governments plan to sign up to the Global Methane Pledge. Subscribe to The Politics on the LiSTNR app to hear new episodes as soon as they drop, and head to The Monthly dot com dot au to subscribe to The Politics newsletter, delivered straight to your inbox every weekday afternoon.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Methane, a potent greenhouse gas, is the second largest contributor to climate change after carbon dioxide. Reducing methane emissions is one of the main priority initiatives of the European Green Deal and essential for reaching 2030 climate targets and 2050 climate-neutrality goals. The EU is also one of the instigators of the Global Methane Pledge adopted at COP26 in Glasgow, which commits its signatories to 30% methane reductions by 2030 (compared to 2020 baseline).Most of anthropogenic methane emissions come from the agriculture, energy and waste sectors. In the EU, the livestock sector is responsible for 53% of methane emissions. However, there are currently no legislative measures in place to drive reductions from that sector. The EU Methane Regulation, published in December 2021, focuses exclusively on energy.Civil society voices have called for a renewed focus on tackling methane emissions from the livestock sector. Efforts to reduce methane emissions in the energy and waste sectors alone will not suffice to meet ambitious targets set by the European Green Deal and Global Methane Pledge. Measures available range from better regulation of large meat and dairy companies and technical measures to policies driving reductions in meat and dairy production and consumption.Relisten to this EURACTIV Hybrid Conference to find out how the EU can tackle methane emissions in its livestock sector to help reach 2030 climate targets and commitments made under the Global Methane Pledge. Discussed questions included:- How to improve the current legislative framework to tackle methane emissions in the livestock sector?- How to encourage the sector to move towards more sustainable and low GHG food production?- Which policy measures are likely to yield most methane reductions?- How best to combine government policies, large company regulations, and individual lifestyle choices to produce the best results in reducing methane emissions?

Recent research shows that levels of Methane gas in the atmosphere are rising rapidly. It is over 80 times more potent as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide so poses a major threat to the world's goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 C. At COP26, over 100 countries signed a Global Methane Pledge to reduce man-made emissions by 2030 – experts say cutting methane emissions is ‘the most powerful lever we have for reducing warming... over the next 30 years'. So what can be done to stop the levels rising further? We hear how farmers in Bangladesh, along with other parts of Asia, are using wetting and drying techniques in rice paddies to reduce emissions; how cows are being fed special dietary supplements with a surprising ingredient: seaweed, but why naturally occurring wetlands are a cause for concern. Presenters Kate Lamble and Neal Razzell are joined by: Xin Lan, Greenhouse Gas Scientist with NOAA and University of Colorado Drew Shindell, Special Representative on Methane Action for the Climate and Clean Air Coalition Ermias Kebreab, Professor at the Department of Animal Science at the University of California, Davis, Humnath Bhandari, Bangladesh country representative, International Rice Research Institute, Producers: Alex Murray and Serena Tarling Researcher: Immy Rhodes Reporter: Akbar Hossain, BBC Bengali Series Producer: Alex Lewis Sound engineer: Tom Brignell Editor: Richard Vadon

In a 20-year time frame, methane is 80 times more damaging to the climate than carbon dioxide. Nationally, 37% of methane emissions come from cows. 17% of all US methane emissions come from food waste rotting in landfills. More than 100 countries, including the US, signed The Global Methane Pledge, promising to reduce methane emissions by 30% by 2030.  In California, a new law went into effect directly addressing the state's methane emissions from organic waste and dairy farms. The law targets a 40% reduction in the same time frame. That's ambitious. What effect will this law have on industrial agriculture, and the general population?   Guests: Neil Edgar, Executive Director, California Compost Coalition J Jordan, Policy Coordinator, Leadership Council for Justice and Accountability Michael Boccadoro, Executive Director, Dairy Cares Monique Figueiredo, Chief Executive Officer / Founder / Co-Owner, Compostable LA Allen Williams, Understanding Ag Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In a 20-year time frame, methane is 80 times more damaging to the climate than carbon dioxide. Nationally, 37% of methane emissions come from cows. 17% of all US methane emissions come from food waste rotting in landfills. More than 100 countries, including the US, signed The Global Methane Pledge, promising to reduce methane emissions by 30% by 2030.  In California, a new law went into effect directly addressing the state's methane emissions from organic waste and dairy farms. The law targets a 40% reduction in the same time frame. That's ambitious. What effect will this law have on industrial agriculture, and the general population?   Guests: Neil Edgar, Executive Director, California Compost Coalition J Jordan, Policy Coordinator, Leadership Council for Justice and Accountability Michael Boccadoro, Executive Director, Dairy Cares Monique Figueiredo, Chief Executive Officer / Founder / Co-Owner, Compostable LA Allen Williams, Understanding Ag Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In a 20-year time frame, methane is 80 times more damaging to the climate than carbon dioxide. Nationally, 37% of methane emissions come from cows. 17% of all US methane emissions come from food waste rotting in landfills. More than 100 countries, including the US, signed The Global Methane Pledge, promising to reduce methane emissions by 30% by 2030.  In California, a new law went into effect directly addressing the state's methane emissions from organic waste and dairy farms. The law targets a 40% reduction in the same time frame. That's ambitious. What effect will this law have on industrial agriculture, and the general population?   Guests: Neil Edgar, Executive Director, California Compost Coalition J Jordan, Policy Coordinator, Leadership Council for Justice and Accountability Michael Boccadoro, Executive Director, Dairy Cares Monique Figueiredo, Chief Executive Officer / Founder / Co-Owner, Compostable LA Allen Williams, Understanding Ag Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this episode, we recap what happened at COP26 in November 2021 and Malaysia's flood crisis. Though Malaysia signed Global Methane Pledge, and overall the Glasgow Climate Pact, does it mean real climate action for the rakyat? Are we moving away from false solutions like net zero 2050 or carbon-neutrality? More lives will be lost than saved as temperatures rise. Do not forget these floods and everyone who were affected, we must demand accountability. Follow KAMY: https://www.klimaactionmalaysia.org/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/KlimaActionMalaysia/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/KlimaAction Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/klimaaction/ Music from Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/fugu-vibes/spatial License code: 0BE8VBOHJNGLQM5C https://uppbeat.io/t/soundroll/smack-it License code: JW4NCHRTQQEJLVPM

Over the last century, the amount of methane in the atmosphere has more than doubled. A rapid, large-scale effort to tackle its emissions could slow global warming by 30%. Last year, the EU played a major role in launching the Global Methane Pledge signed by over 100 countries representing 70% of the global economy committing to reduce methane emissions this decade. Up until now, little has been done in Europe on the regulatory front to reduce methane emissions from oil and gas. But the European Commission is to change that by finalising a regulation aimed at cutting down methane emissions as part of a gas package of legislation published on 15 December. As the world's largest gas importer, with 85% of the bloc's natural gas produced outside its borders, the EU's plan to crack down on methane emissions is crucial. The European Commission's methane proposal has been criticised by some industry and climate stakeholders for not going far enough in dealing with extraterritorial emissions. Attention now turns to the European Parliament and Member States to set the tone of the negotiations in the coming months to ensure the EU methane legislation achieves deep greenhouse gas reductions. Listen to this EURACTIV Virtual Conference to find out how the EU can tackle energy sector methane emissions and reach its 2030 climate targets and the 2050 climate neutrality goal. Questions included:– Are the proposed methane measurement, monitoring and mitigation requirements enough to address Europe's methane problem?– How can the EU lead the way on reducing methane emissions at a global level?  

In this OIES podcast James Henderson talks to Professor Jonathan Stern about his latest paper, entitled “Measuring, Reporting and Verification of Methane Emissions from Natural Gas and LNG Trade.” Following the signing of the Global Methane Pledge at COP26 and the publication of the EU Methane Strategy the topic of methane emissions has become a […] The post Oxford Energy Podcast – Measuring, Reporting and Verification of Methane Emissions from Natural Gas and LNG Trade appeared first on Oxford Institute for Energy Studies.

With climate change an increasingly urgent priority on the global political agenda, what does this mean for farming? Alice Green, CLA Land Use Policy Adviser, shares with us the opportunities there are for the sector to take action on climate change, how the farming industry should be responding to the Global Methane Pledge and gives advice to farmers who are starting to think about net zero. You will also hear from Jon Foot, Head of Environment & Resource Management at AHDB, who will discuss how to cut through the complexity around carbon and develop an action plan, the potential to build soil carbon through farm management, and what AHDB are doing to help farmers to transition to net zero. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Is Build Back Better really dead? Could the climate and clean energy provisions live on? Political Climate weighs in on the timely issue of Senator Manchin's “no” on President Biden's marquee legislation. Plus, Brandon, Shane and Julia share some 2022 predictions.In the second half of the show we look at the troubling rise in global methane emissions. Methane is 80 times more potent as a global warming gas than carbon dioxide, and is responsible for roughly one-quarter of the climate warming we see today. Recognizing the scope and scale of the issue, the United States and European Union recently spearheaded a Global Methane Pledge at COP26, which has been signed by around 100 countries. In addition, the U.S. EPA has proposed new rules to tackle methane leaks from oil and gas production. To round out the episode, we speak to Sarah Smith, program director of super pollutants at the Clean Air Task Force, about why methane emissions are such a big problem and what's being done to address it. Listen and subscribe to Political Climate on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Stitcher or wherever you get podcasts! Follow us on Twitter at @Poli_Climate.P.S. All we want for Christmas are your Apple Podcast reviews! If you have a moment over the holidays, we'd love to get your feedback. Your ratings help us grow and if there's a topic you'd like the podcast to cover, please let us know!Recommended reading:NYT: What the Stalled Build Back Better Bill Means for Climate, in One ChartCanary Media: The US oil patch is the Wild West. We need regulation to control the sector's methane emissionsCNN: Biden announces new methane rules and launches global pledge to slash planet-warming emissions

This seminar is part of the REthink Energy lecture series, which is co-organised by the IIEA and ESB. On this occasion, a distinguished panel, will reflect on the outcome of COP26. In this conversation-style seminar, chaired by Alex White SC, chair of the IIEA Energy Group, the speakers examine some of the major developments agreed in the Glasgow Climate Pact and also discuss the significance of the sectoral coalitions formed during COP26, such as the ‘Beyond Coal and Gas Alliance' and the Global Methane Pledge. The panellists provide a range of perspectives and discuss the impact of COP26 on Ireland's climate priorities, on the EU's Green Deal agenda, and on the international community, in particular, on least developed countries. About the Speakers: Professor Morgan Bazilian is the Director of the Payne Institute for Public Policy and Professor at the Colorado School of Mines. Previously, he was Lead Energy Specialist at the World Bank. His work has been published in Science, Nature, Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, and Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. Previously Professor Bazilian was a senior diplomat at the United Nations. He has served as the EU's lead negotiator on technology at previous UN climate negotiations. Professor Bazilian is also a member of Ireland's Climate Change Advisory Council. Connie Hedegaard is Chair of the European Commission's Mission Board on Adaptation to Climate Change, an element of the Horizon Europe research and innovation programme. She also serves as Chair of the OECD's Round Table for Sustainable Development and as Chair of Aarhus University. From 2010-2014, Ms Hedegaard was European Commissioner for Climate Action. Previously, she was Minister for Environment and Minister for Climate and Energy, Denmark. Alicia O'Sullivan is a law student and Quercus Scholar for Active Citizenship at University College Cork (UCC). Ms O'Sullivan represented UCC and World YMCA at COP26. Previously, she represented Ireland at the first UN Youth Climate Summit. Ms O'Sullivan has also served as an Ocean Ambassador for Ireland. She is currently the Environmental Officer at UCC Students' Union.  Dr Sinéad Walsh is the Climate Director at the Department of Foreign Affairs. Previously, Dr Walsh served as EU Ambassador to South Sudan. Prior to this, she was Irish Ambassador to Sierra Leone and Liberia. Dr Walsh is the co-author of the book ‘Getting to Zero', which recounts her experience as a diplomat on the frontline of the Ebola crisis in West Africa.

Following COP26's "Global Methane Pledge" and "US-China Joint Climate Statement", China's methane reduction efforts became an area of international focus. In China's newest 14th Five Year Plan, Methane policies are set as priority for the first time. This episode takes a deep dive into the significance of Methane in combating climate change, and the 5 step action plan for methane reduction from Chinese Ministry of Ecology and Environment. 

Wong Siew Lyn and Law Yao Hua, the Co-Founders, Co-Editors and Writers from online journalism portal, Macaranga join us again for a round-up of big environmental news, from the month of November 2021. This month, we've got pledges on our minds - first, Malaysia's pledge at COP26 to stop deforestation by 2030, and also what Malaysia has agreed to, by signing the Global Methane Pledge, along with 103 other countries. We also try to figure out how carbon credits work, and what this form of trading is all about, especially for Malaysia.Image credit: Shutterstock & FlickrSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Wong Siew Lyn and Law Yao Hua, the Co-Founders, Co-Editors and Writers from online journalism portal, Macaranga join us again for a round-up of big environmental news, from the month of November 2021. This month, we've got pledges on our minds - first, Malaysia's pledge at COP26 to stop deforestation by 2030, and also what Malaysia has agreed to, by signing the Global Methane Pledge, along with 103 other countries. We also try to figure out how carbon credits work, and what this form of trading is all about, especially for Malaysia.Image credit: Shutterstock & FlickrSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Wong Siew Lyn and Law Yao Hua, the Co-Founders, Co-Editors and Writers from online journalism portal, Macaranga join us again for a round-up of big environmental news, from the month of November 2021. This month, we've got pledges on our minds - first, Malaysia's pledge at COP26 to stop deforestation by 2030, and also what Malaysia has agreed to, by signing the Global Methane Pledge, along with 103 other countries. We also try to figure out how carbon credits work, and what this form of trading is all about, especially for Malaysia.Image credit: Shutterstock & Flickr

On The Space Show for Wednesday, 17 November 2021: The United States has condemned a Russian anti-satellite missile test: The U.S. State Department has accused Russia of jeopardising the safety and security of space exploration following the launch of an anti-satellite missile against one of its own targets, the defunct Cosmos 1408 satellite. Planet Earth - Episode 26 Global Methane Pledge at COP 26: The United Nations Climate Change Conference 2021 Ursula von der Leyen (President, European Commission) Joe Biden (President, United States of America) Scott Morrison (Prime Minister, Australia) Gina McCarthy (former Head, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) The Methane Pavilion: The Space Race to Save the Planet Dr Steven Hamburg (Co-lead, MethaneSAT) Riley Duren (CEO, Carbon Mapper) Stephane Germain (President, GHGSat) Antoine Rostand (President/Founder, Kayrros) Celebrating Women in Space with Kerrie Dougherty: Join us for the November 2021 public meeting of the Space Association of Australia. This month we feature space historian Kerrie Dougherty who will reprise her World Space Week 2021 presentation, Women in Space. Find meeting details and registration here.

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas. When it comes to reducing methane emissions, monitoring technology, economics, and policy all have an important role to play. This week, Switched On speaks with BNEF analysts Antoine Vagneur-Jones, who covers EMEA Energy Transitions, and Nakul Nair, who covers U.S. Gas & LNG. They tell us about methane emissions and what can be done. This episode is based on a report titled Global Demethanization Poised to Give U.S. LNG an Edge. You can also find Bloomberg's coverage of COP26 and the Global Methane Pledge on the Bloomberg COP26 blog. Switched on this week is hosted by Dana Perkins. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com

On this installment of our series, The Road To COP26 Presented By Octopus Energy, we look at how to mobilize public and private finance for climate action with investor and former presidential candidate Tom Steyer. As COP26's Finance day unfolds, we discuss what governments need to do to increase private finance in climate solutions, how much needs to be invested, and how to center equity and justice to accelerate mitigation and improve adaptation across the globe.  Co-hosts Ty Benefiel and Brock Benefiel also discuss the Global Methane Pledge, the announcement to end deforestation by 2030, and the formation of the First Movers Coalition. .Thank you to our sponsor Octopus Energy, a 100% renewable electricity supplier. Octopus Energy is currently serving millions of homes around the globe in countries like the United Kingdom, United States, New Zealand, and Germany.  Subscribe to our Substack newsletter "The Climate Weekly": https://theclimateweekly.substack.com/ As always, follow us @climatepod on Twitter and email us at theclimatepod@gmail.com. Our music is "Gotta Get Up" by The Passion Hifi, check out his music at thepassionhifi.com. Rate, review and subscribe to this podcast on iTunes, Spotify, Stitcher, and more! Subscribe to our new YouTube channel! Join our Facebook group. Check out our updated website! Further Reading: COP26: World leaders promise to end deforestation by 2030

Van Badham and Ben Davison dive into the Liberal lies, cover ups and side hustles that have come to typify the Morrison government. With Morrison himself called a liar, not just by President Macron but also, by Former Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull the credibility of Morrison's leadership is being called into question.  If other leaders can't trust Morrison what does that mean for our national security?  If we can't trust him here at home what does that mean for our economy, jobs, health and education systems? Dom Perrottet is holding a review of grant decisions following Glady's ICAC hearing testimony.  In a piece of pure political theatre the man who was treasurer and a member of the expenditure committee is pretending to not have been in government when his government was "throwing" money to win seats.   Did you know that Liberal Senator Hollie Hughes is also a consultant?  It has been revealed that the Senator for NSW has a side hustle as a consultant for a bio-fuels company that she has pay into a trust where she is the only shareholder and only beneficiary.  She's taken something meant to make our democracy stronger and perverted it to add to her $249,000 salary.  No wonder the Morrison government won't regulate the gig economy! The Cop26 Climate Conference has started in Glasgow and Morrison has wasted no time in rejecting the Global Methane Pledge and giving pride of place to massive gas exporter Santos.  In a move described as "a joke" by Malcolm Turnbull Santos' "Blue Hydrogen" process, where you burn and "carbon capture" gas to make renewable hydrogen instead of using solar, wind or hydro to make renewable hydrogen, has been promoted by the Australian stall and Morrison minister Angus Taylor.  On the plus side we have signed up to end deforestation and will participate in the protection of large parts of the worlds rainforests. The heart-warming news that every Australian awoke to this morning was the rescue of four year old Cleo Smith.  WA Police found the little girl alone in a locked house, her first words to them were "My name is Cleo".  The impact of the rescue, coming 18 days after her disappearance, is serving as a beacon of hope for many people after a trying period for the nation. Plus news on pay rises for hairstylists and a pay dispute at Country Road with gender equity undertones.

Prince Charles challenges Australia to COP26, plus the Amazonia for Life Initiative--protecting 80% By 2025. It's the Earthrise Alliance, and the Global Methane Pledge.

This Climate Week, we preview environmental policy proposals within the $3.5 Trillion Budget Reconciliation Bill. What will it mean for investors and the response to climate change?----- Transcript -----Jessica Alsford Welcome to Thoughts on the Market. I'm Jessica Alsford, global head of Sustainability Research team at Morgan Stanley.Stephen Byrd And I'm Stephen Byrd, head of Morgan Stanley's North American Research for the Power & Utilities and Clean Energy Industries.Jessica Alsford And on this special Climate Week episode, we'll be talking about some landmark climate and environmental policy proposals in the U.S. and the future of energy. It's Tuesday, September the 21st, at 2:00 p.m. in London.Stephen Byrd And 9:00 a.m. in New York.Jessica Alsford So, Stephen, earlier this month, the U.S. House of Representatives released a draft of some climate and environmental policies as part of its $3.5T budget reconciliation package. I want to dig into your takeaways, but first of all, maybe you could walk us through some of the headline proposals.Stephen Byrd Absolutely, Jessica. This is one of the most exciting pieces of proposed legislation we've seen in the United States, at least with respect to clean energy. And I'll just highlight a handful of very important provisions that are currently in the draft. First, there's a very bold, clean electricity performance program or CEPP that would provide significant incentives for utilities and other loads of green entities to increase their renewables every year. Secondly, there would be a new tax credit for energy storage and biofuels. Third, a major extension of tax credits for wind, solar, fuel cells and carbon capture and payment levels are higher in many cases. Fourth, significant incentives for domestic manufacturing of clean energy equipment. Fifth, what we would call direct pay for tax credits, which basically provides owners with the immediate cash benefit of tax losses. That provides enhanced financing efficiency and better cash flow. Six, a nuclear power production tax credit. Seven, a major clean hydrogen tax credit. And lastly, number eight, significant capital to reduce the risk of wildfires. So very significant. Covers a lot of different areas within the entire clean energy spectrum.Jessica Alsford Absolutely. There's a huge amount in there. I guess maybe just to pick out some key points, are there any particular technologies that you think could really incrementally benefit from this bill versus what the status quo is at the moment?Stephen Byrd Yes, there's definitely a handful of technologies that would benefit in a very significant way. I would say. Probably first on my list is green hydrogen. The proposed payment is three dollars a kilogram - this is the subsidy amount - which is a very large amount of subsidy, in our view, would really kick start growth of green hydrogen across the board in the United States. We did a deep dive into the economics of producing green hydrogen over time, and we do think this amount of subsidy would be a huge boost to the growth of green hydrogen, would defray much of the cost producing green hydrogen. So, any company involved in green hydrogen, I think would see a significant benefit here.Stephen Byrd Another, nuclear power, not new nuclear projects, but existing nuclear assets would receive significant financial support. That is going to serve essentially as a stabilizing force to ensure that we don't see additional shutdowns of nuclear power plants. So that's a big win. I'd say, also, energy storage gets a tax credit for the first time and demand for energy storage is already very high in the United States, but a tax credit that would essentially line up with wind and solar would, we think, provide further incentive for more rapid growth of energy storage. So those are a couple that I would highlight as significant beneficiaries from this proposed legislation.Jessica Alsford Now, this text is the initial draft and say we should probably expect to see changes. What are you hearing in terms of these proposals and how much could actually make it into a final bill?Stephen Byrd This is really interesting. We do think that much of this language will survive. There is one provision, a very important one, that has received pushback. That's the first on the list that I mentioned. This is the Clean Electricity Performance Program or CEPP. Senator Joe Manchin, who's quite important, as well as a few others, have pointed out concerns with the current drafting of the language, a few companies have also expressed concerns. So, we could see changes there, maybe even elimination of that provision. However, many of the other elements of this package do appear to have quite a bit of support. So solar, wind, energy storage, even green hydrogen, we think has a significant amount of support. So, we do think much of this will survive. The one that's been singled out recently is that CEPP.Jessica Alsford Now also on climate, the Biden administration and the EU have actually jointly announced that Global Methane Pledge, which is aiming to reduce methane emissions by at least 30% from 2020 to 2030. Now, what are your thoughts on this? How significant is it for the utility sector?Stephen Byrd Yes, Jessica, I think this cuts both ways in terms of the methane emissions goal. I think on the positive side, I think many investors, especially ESG investors, would like to see significant commitments to reducing methane emissions. And, you know, we can see why certainly methane is so much more harmful from a greenhouse gas perspective relative to CO2. So, I think many investors will applaud this. The big concern will be the cost and the customer bill impact. Right now, given the increase in natural gas prices in the United States and really globally, there is already a concern around the increase in customer bills for those customers who buy natural gas. So, this would increase the cost.Stephen Byrd That said, utilities have a long history of being able to recover these costs. So, on the positive side, this could result in better growth in earnings per share, as well as improved ESG perception and reality in the sense of lower emissions. The key question is how are we going to manage the cost of this? And right now, that's causing quite a bit of investor concern. So, it's a bit of a mixed message. I'd say in the long term, though, a positive from a better growth perspective and lower emissions perspective.Jessica Alsford And finally, from me in this context of the U.S. really increasing its focus on halting climate change, what are the opportunities that you think investors should be looking at?Stephen Byrd So we do see several business models and technologies that should benefit significantly from this policy shift. I would say developers of solar, wind and energy storage will see continued strong support under this legislation. Their incentives would remain in place until the next decade. We would see a lot of benefit for fuel-cell companies and companies involved in the development and transportation of green hydrogen - that would be a major area of support. Existing nuclear power plant owners would receive quite a bit of support as well. So, we do see quite a bit of benefit within this legislation, really providing strong economic support really across the board, but a few areas such as hydrogen that do stick out. But I'd say broadly, if this legislation is passed, clean energy investors would view this as a significant benefit for the entire sector because it is so comprehensive.Stephen Byrd Before we close, Jess, I wanted to ask you about how this might move the needle globally. Europe is clearly out in front on climate legislation, but assuming some or all of these proposals make it into a final bill, how likely is it that we could see similar government action globally?Jessica Alsford It's a timely question, Stephen, really, because we now have COP 26 conference coming up in November. It's being held in Glasgow this year, and we're expecting over 100 world leaders to attend. So, this really should be a catalyst for seeing far more climate focused action globally. Aside from the EU and the US, all eyes are certainly going to be on China. And here, our chief China economist has been writing about a shift in regulatory priorities, so China now are thinking more about a balance between growth and sustainability. And specifically on climate, there are three pillars where we expect to see action from China. First of all, investments in technology. Secondly, carbon pricing and finally on the green financing side.Jessica Alsford Stephen, on Climate Week, thanks for taking the time to talk.Stephen Byrd Any time, Jess. Great speaking with you.Jessica Alsford As a reminder, if you enjoy Thoughts on the Market, please do take a moment to rate and review us on the Apple Podcasts app. It does help more people to find the show.