Podcasts about Los Olivos

It's Wednesday, June 11th, A.D. 2025. This is The Worldview in 5 Minutes heard on 140 radio stations and at www.TheWorldview.com.  I'm Adam McManus. (Adam@TheWorldview.com) By Jonathan Clark and Adam McManus Islamic legal system discourages Christian conversion in Brunei, Iran & Yemen Christians face significant persecution in countries that follow Sharia law like Brunei, Iran, and Yemen.  The Islamic legal system is used to ban people from converting out of Islam to another religion.  International Christian Concern notes, “The abuse inflicted upon the Christians of these nations is an open secret.  … Forcing Christians into prisons — often under the guise of slanderous accusations, sexually assaulting Christian women, and forcing Christ followers into demeaning work has become commonplace in far too many nations.” Muslims experienced highest growth rate among religions Pew Research released a report on the growth of religious groups in the world between 2010 and 2020. All religious groups except Buddhists increased numerically during the time frame. Muslims grew the most, followed by the religiously unaffiliated. Christians increased by about five percent from 2.1 billion to 2.3 billion people.  As a share of the global population, only Muslims and the religiously unaffiliated experienced growth. Christians and Buddhists decreased as a share of the global population while Hindus, Jews, and other religions held steady. Muslims have a notably higher fertility rate than other religious groups around the world. Supreme Court affirmed right of Catholic group to tax exemption In the United States, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously in favor of a Catholic nonprofit last Thursday. The state of Wisconsin had denied a tax exemption for the Catholic Charities Bureau in 2016. The case went before the state Supreme Court which ruled against the nonprofit.  Nick Reaves, an attorney at Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, commented on the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling. He said, “When every justice agrees and says ‘Yes, this is foundational to our understanding of religious freedom, that you can't discriminate among religions,' that's really exciting for us.” RFK Jr. replaced entire Advisory Committee on Immunization The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is replacing the 17 members of the Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices. The committee makes vaccine recommendations to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Biden administration had appointed all 17 members. Secretary Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. stated, “A clean sweep is necessary to reestablish public confidence in vaccine science. ACIP's new members will prioritize public health and evidence-based medicine. The Committee will no longer function as a rubber stamp for industry profit-taking agendas.” The younger the kids of divorce, the worse the trauma The National Bureau of Economic Research released a report last month about the effects of divorce on children. The study noted that nearly a third of American children experience parental divorce before adulthood. Children had more negative outcomes the younger they were when the divorce occurred.  Researchers wrote, “We find that parental divorce reduces children's adult earnings and college residence while increasing incarceration, mortality, and teen births.” Speaking of husband and wife, in Matthew 19:6, Jesus said, “So then, they are no longer two but one flesh. Therefore, what God has joined together, let not man separate.” Trump: We “will always defend right of every American to worship God freely” The White House released a presidential message on Pentecost Sunday this week. The message from President Donald Trump said, “Today, I join in prayer with Christians joyfully celebrating the descent of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost—one of the most sacred events of the Christian faith. We commemorate the fulfillment of Jesus Christ's earthly mission and the birth of His holy and living Church. "As we celebrate this glorious feast day, we also honor all Christians who, like the Apostles, have willingly endured persecution because of their faith.  My Administration will always defend the right of every American to worship God freely and without fear.” On the day of Pentecost, the Apostle Peter said,  “Repent, and let every one of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins; and you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.” (Acts 2:38) Lesson from The American Miracle movie: “God governs in the affairs of men” If you have not yet seen The American Miracle, the new docudrama about God's providential hand in America's founding, then get tickets to see it tonight.  And bring a bunch of your friends with you. It's the last day it will be in the theaters. Actress Lauren Lael portrayed the daughter of a slave named Elizabeth “Mumbet” Freeman who was portrayed by Christian singer Nicole C. Mullen. Remarkably, the slave won her freedom in a Massachusetts court on August 22, 1781.  This is what Lauren Lael said. LAEL: “I think that one of the biggest Biblical themes that The American Miracle embodies is, I think, a spirit of integrity and a message of hope and a message also of connectedness, that really exalts God. This is such a pivotal time that this type of message needs to come out.” People who have seen the film have been reminded afresh of God's intervention in American history. TESTIMONIAL 1: “Something that I've learned in the film tonight is that we cannot underestimate how great our God is and how powerful He is, and how much He does govern the affairs of men." TESTIMONIAL 2: "It really reminded me how great our country is, because the Lord ordained America to be great.” TESTIMONIAL 3:  “I enjoyed it immensely. And I thought, if there's ever been any doubt about the faith and the beliefs of our founders, then this movie clears all that up and lets you know that, yes, they believed that God governs in the affairs of men.” Watch the trailer. Go to the website www.AmericanMiracleMovie.com, watch the trailer, click on the Tickets tab, type in your zipcode, and purchase tickets for tonight. It's the last night of a 3-night national run. 18 Worldview listeners gave $9,129 to fund our annual budget And finally, toward our midpoint goal of $61,750 to fund half of The Worldview newscast's annual budget by this Friday, June 13th, 18 listeners stepped up to the plate.  We missed our 20-donor daily goal by two donors. Our thanks to Anna in Great Falls, Montana who gave $4, Trudy in Los Olivos, California and Gwyndol in Albany, Oregon – both of whom gave $25, as well as Cathy in Fate, Texas who gave $35. We appreciate Janet in Canton, Illinois, Ed in Ramara, Ontario Canada, Emily in DeForest, Wisconsin, Sheila in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, and Jess in  Forestville, California – each of whom gave $50. We're grateful to God for Titus in Omaha, Nebraska who gave $80, Kerry in Parowan, Utah who gave $100, Melissa in Great Falls, Montana who gave $110, and Calvin in Odessa, Minnesota  who gave $300. And we were touched by the generosity of Elizabeth in Carol Stream, Illinois  who gave $1,000, Keith and Lisa in Lansing, Michigan who gave $1,000, an anonymous donor in Texas who gave $1,000, Rick and Shannan in Lynchburg, Virginia who pledged $100 per month for 12 months for a gift of $1,200, and Scooter in Naples, Florida who will match all four of those gifts with another $4,000. Those 18 Worldview listeners gave a total of $9,129.  Ready for our new grand total? Drum roll please.  (Drum roll sound effect) $ 23,800.20 (People clapping sound effect) That means we still need to raise $37,949.80  by this Friday, June 13th to hit the half-way mark, to stay on the air, and fund our 6-member Worldview newscast team for another fiscal year. In an audience of this size, I know that there is someone who could fund half of that amount with a one-time gift of $18,974.90. A couple of you could give a one-time gift of $5,000.  If you were one of 8 more people who could give a one-time gift of $1,000, Scooter in Naples, Florida will match you with a corresponding $1,000 gift. Could 10 of you pledge $100 per month for 12 months? And another 20 of you pledge $50/month for 12 months?  We could knock this annual budget out of the park overnight if everyone did something. Just go to TheWorldview.com and click on Give on the top right.   Click on the button that indicates a recurring donation if you want to give monthly. Invest in a newscast that's succinct, factual, and Biblically based. Close And that's The Worldview on this Wednesday, June 11th, in the year of our Lord 2025. Subscribe for free by Spotify, Amazon Music or by iTunes or email to our unique Christian newscast at www.TheWorldview.com. Or get the Generations app through Google Play or The App Store. I'm Adam McManus (Adam@TheWorldview.com). Seize the day for Jesus Christ.

Luis Herrero entrevista a Jesús Moliné, obispo emérito de Chiclayo y a Agustín Herrero, agustino, director del colegio Los Olivos de Málaga.

On this episode of the California Now Podcast, host Soterios Johnson welcomes actor and comedian Josh Meyers, cohost of Family Trips with the Meyers Brothers— a podcast he does with his brother, late-night talk show host Seth Meyers. In this engaging conversation, Meyers shares the inspiration behind the podcast, its memorable guests (from Bill Gates to Tiffany Haddish), and why childhood vacations provide such great storytelling material. “It's a great equalizer,” he notes. “They all were kids once, and they all took trips with their families.” Meyers talks about his Los Angeles neighborhood Franklin Village, name-dropping a few go-to local spots. He also shares his love for solo ski trips to Mammoth Mountain. “When it gets to the winter, I can't stop myself from going up to Mammoth. I love it so much,” he gushes. He also maps out a dream California road trip from L.A. to Palm Springs to Idyllwild, highlights under-the-radar gems like Los Olivos and Sea Ranch, and shares a particularly indulgent memory: a legendary lunch at the French Laundry in Yountville. In Family Trips fashion, the episode closes with a rapid-fire round of questions, where Meyers chooses his ideal trip setting—“you had me at mountains”—and declares the ultimate Golden State driving soundtrack.

La clave esta en ir al monte calvario donde muero a mi mismo, si te sientes desanimado porque crees que no vas hacia ninguna parte sube a la montaña de la visión, ¿Cómo sabes si es de Dios? Si lo que recibes ahí te lleva a morir a ti mismo para beneficiar a los demás, y el monte calvario se convertirá en el monte de Los Olivos y como buen siervo y fiel recibirás la recompensa de parte de Dios. Dejemos que Dios nos de su visión porque en el morir a nosotros mismos esta la victoria… Busca primero el reino de Dios.

Winegrowing regions in Washington State have many unique challenges from salty soils, to low organic matter, to nematodes. Devin Rippner, Research Viticulture Soil Scientist with USDA-ARS and his colleagues at Washington State University are developing a research vineyard to study soil health building practices. They are testing a variety of management strategies including adjusting irrigation volume to correct for salt build-up, mowing for weed management, compost applications and synthetic fertilizers, and different cover crops. The team is tracking the cost of each practice and will ultimately evaluate wine quality in the coming years. Taking a deeper dive into the future of soil sampling, Devin explains X-ray CT imagery. He has used this technology to evaluate the structure and organic matter from soil columns and aggregates. X-ray CT imagery has also been used to evaluate the impact grape seeds have on tannin flavor profiles. Resources:         80: (Rebroadcast) The Goldilocks Principle & Powdery Mildew Management 90: Nematode Management for Washington Grapes A workflow for segmenting soil and plant X-ray CT images with deep learning in Google's Colaboratory Devin Rippner, USDA ARS Functional Soil Health Healthy Soils Playlist Red Wine Fermentation Alters Grape Seed Morphology and Internal Porosity Soil Health in Washington Vineyards Vineyard soil texture and pH effects on Meloidogyne hapla and Mesocriconema xenoplax Washington Soil Health Initiative Vineyard Team Programs: Juan Nevarez Memorial Scholarship - Donate SIP Certified – Show your care for the people and planet   Sustainable Ag Expo – The premiere winegrowing event of the year Vineyard Team – Become a Member Get More Subscribe wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.   Transcript [00:00:00] Beth Vukmanic: Wine growing regions in Washington State have many unique challenges from salty soils to low organic matter to nematodes. [00:00:13] Welcome to Sustainable Wine Growing with the Vineyard Team, where we bring you the latest in science and research for the wine industry. I'm Beth Vukmanic, Executive Director. [00:00:23] In today's podcast, Craig McMillan, Critical Resource Manager at Niner Wine Estates, with longtime SIP certified vineyard and the first ever SIP certified winery, speaks with Devin Rippner, Research Viticulture Soil Scientist with USDA ARS. [00:00:41] Devin and his colleagues at Washington State University are developing a research vineyard to study soil health building practices. [00:00:49] They are testing a variety of management strategies, including adjusting irrigation volume to correct for salt buildup, mowing for weed management, Compost applications and synthetic fertilizers and different cover crops. The team is tracking the cost of each practice and will ultimately evaluate wine quality in the coming years. [00:01:08] Taking a deeper dive into the future of soil sampling. Devin explains X ray CT imagery. He has used this technology to evaluate the structure in organic matter from soil columns and soil aggregates. X ray CT imagery has also been used to evaluate the impact that grape seeds have on tannin flavor profiles. [00:01:28] Now let's listen in. [00:01:29] Craig Macmillan: Our guest today is Devin Rippner. He is a research soil scientist with the USDA agricultural research service. He's based out of Prosser, Washington, and he's also an adjunct in the department of crop and soil sciences with Washington state university. [00:01:46] Devin, thanks for being here. [00:01:48] Devin Rippner: Absolutely. Pleasure to be here, Craig. [00:01:50] Craig Macmillan: You are on the leadership team of the Washington State Soil Health Initiative. I think it's a pretty cool little program. Tell us what it is and what it's all about. [00:01:59] Devin Rippner: Yeah, absolutely. So the Washington State Legislature allocated funding to study soil health and soil health building practices in a variety of agricultural systems and so to access that money a number of groups put in competitive proposals at the Prosser Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, we put in a proposal to study soil health in wine grape systems. [00:02:24] Originally, we actually had it in juice grapes as well, but we were not able to get enough funding for both. Juice grapes are actually a big product out of Washington. [00:02:32] Craig Macmillan: I did not know that. That's interesting. What varieties? [00:02:34] Devin Rippner: Mostly Concord? [00:02:36] I'm less familiar with it. It's something I would, I would like to work in cause they have different constraints than wine grapes. [00:02:41] Ours is focused on wine grapes, but there are systems looking at tree fruit, at potatoes, at small crane cropping systems. There are a variety of systems that are being evaluated. [00:02:54] Craig Macmillan: I looked at a flyer that kind of outlined some of the ideas and issues around , the Wine Grape part. Can you tell us a little bit about that? [00:03:01] Devin Rippner: we have fairly unique soils. We have pretty alkaline soils here in Washington. We're on the arid side of the Cascades. So think Reno rather than like Seattle. we tend to accumulate salts. We also have very coarse textured soils. So a lot of sands to sandy loams or loamy sands. Very little clay. [00:03:23] We have typically under 10 percent clay in a lot of the grape growing regions of washington. we also have low organic matter, because it doesn't rain much here. There has never been a chance for a lot of plants to grow. And so we just have never really built up organic matter. So we typically have about, let's say, maybe 1 percent to 2 percent organic matter in our soils. [00:03:44] That's about half a percent carbon to 1 percent carbon, which is typically it's pretty low for a lot of soils. [00:03:50] Craig Macmillan: It is. [00:03:51] Devin Rippner: those are some of, some of the like unique challenges around soil health. There's also problems with pests. Haven't had too much of an issue with Phylloxera. That's changing. [00:04:01] There are a variety of nematode pests that cause problems in grapes here. When you plant a vineyard into an old vineyard, you're basically putting baby vines into a place that might have a bunch of pests that aren't a big deal for really mature vines. [00:04:14] But as soon as you put a baby in that environment, it does not thrive. [00:04:18] Finding ways to deal with nematode pests, things like that over time , is really important. So those are kind of the things that we are, we are looking at, at our site. [00:04:27] Craig Macmillan: What kind of practices are you investigating to address these things? I hadn't really thought of that about it till now, but nematode is a good one. that's a tough pest. [00:04:37] Devin Rippner: funny thing is this is a long term site, right? So, so our practices for those will really come later. I had a nematologist that worked for me. And she evaluated our soils for for the pathogenic nematodes for wine grapes, and we don't really have them but the thing is they build over time, right? [00:04:52] Just because there might be a few in that soil But when they start colonizing the grape roots over time, they can become problematic We functionally have a rootstock trial at the end of all of our experimental rows and, and rootstocks have been found to be very effective at preventing nematode problems or decreasing the severity of nematode problems. [00:05:13] We will be able to kind of look at that with our rootstock trial. [00:05:17] Craig Macmillan: Do you have any of the GRN stocks in that? [00:05:19] Devin Rippner: We don't, so we have own rooted vines and then we have Telekey 5c 1103p 110r. Let's see then I think St. George [00:05:30] I'm trying to remember what, what the last one is. It's escaping me right now. I apologize. [00:05:34] Craig Macmillan: Well, no, it's all right. Some of the more common root stocks, basically the ones that are very popular. [00:05:39] Devin Rippner: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. [00:05:41] The reality is that a lot of the like vitis rupestris, vitis riparia, , they are less prone to nematode parasitism. Than Vinifera. , that's the reality of it. [00:05:50] Craig Macmillan: Yeah. Less susceptible. I think it's probably the best way to put it. Nothing's bulletproof when it comes to this, this problem. [00:05:57] Devin Rippner: And Michelle Moyer in Washington has been doing a lot of work with this, with Inga Zasada, who's a USDA scientist. And their, their results are really cool. They're finding that when you try to fumigate, it helps for a little while, but the rebound is bad, and it's just easier to just use rootstocks. [00:06:15] Craig Macmillan: Yeah. Talk to me a little bit more about, you said salinity can be an issue [00:06:19] Devin Rippner: Yeah, [00:06:20] Craig Macmillan: So here's the, the back and forth on that. You would think that a, a coser, your textured soil salinity would be less of an issue, but you don't get the rain to take advantage of that. Is that , the issue here? [00:06:30] Devin Rippner: 100%. That's exactly it. We build up layers called caliche layers, which are evidence of a lack of water moving downward. [00:06:38] So it's, it's really evidence of water moving down and then back up due to evaporation. We get big buildups of carbonates in our soils and carbonates are a type of salt. [00:06:48] So as you apply other chemicals, Salts, a salty irrigation water , we tend to build up salts in our soils. A lot of our irrigation water comes from the Yakima River or other rivers in the area, columbia River. But there are places where people are on deeper wells and they are seeing salt accumulation in their vineyards. [00:07:06] And it's, it's really challenging to deal with. [00:07:09] Craig Macmillan: Do you have any strategies that you're looking at? Anything you're trying out? [00:07:13] Devin Rippner: at our site over time, we're going to look at higher irrigation volumes versus lower irrigation volumes and seeing if that will change the accumulation of salt at our site. , that's kind of the main experiment around that with our soil health vineyard. [00:07:27] Craig Macmillan: Obviously you're doing this with some pretty salty irrigation water and you're comparing that to less salty water. At one site, you're only gonna have one type of water, right? [00:07:36] Devin Rippner: Right. That's not something that we'll be able to do, but one of the interesting things is we are applying compost and. Our compost can be pretty salty. [00:07:45] So we'll, we'll be getting compost. That'll be kind of four decisiemen per meter. I I'm sorry to use those units and so that, so that is salty. [00:07:54] Craig Macmillan: Yeah, it's salty. [00:07:55] Devin Rippner: Young grapevines, if they grew only in that, they would really struggle. It's over the, the two deciSiemen per meter kind of threshold for grapevines. That's something where we're, you know, we are using clean irrigation water, but some of our amendments coming in can be saltier. [00:08:10] When we have kind of a, a low and high irrigation treatment, we can evaluate the salt accumulation in the root zone. From that particular amendment, right? [00:08:19] Craig Macmillan: What about other types of fertilizer? Are there organic fertilizers or something like that that might be less of a salt contributor than let's say a traditional nitrate based fertilizer? [00:08:28] Devin Rippner: As it turns out, at least for us, we don't apply. a massive amount of nitrogen to our grapevines, so we're often applying between 20 and say 60 pounds of N per year which is not a lot compared to say corn or, tree fruit or, or hops or things like that. [00:08:45] And so we, we don't, Exactly. Expect to see a buildup of, of those salts over time. Honestly, some of the organic amendments end up being saltier than our fertilizer. [00:08:55] That's something when we do a high and low for irrigation, we will be able to look at the accumulation of, of nitrates and things like that. [00:09:02] Cause in our arid environment, you do get accumulations of nitrate, which is kind of funny. [00:09:06] Craig Macmillan: Yeah, that's interesting. You also mentioned the soil pH, alkalinity. What, what's going on there? How bad is it in different spots? What can you do about it? I, I'm fascinated by this because like when you look at viticulture, you have like a lot of knobs on the mixing board, right? You got a lot of sliders and, Soil , you can't slide it very well. It's like very hard to make changes to soil over time. [00:09:33] Devin Rippner: it is. [00:09:33] Craig Macmillan: very slow and very difficult. So I'm very interested in , this issue here. [00:09:39] Devin Rippner: It's funny at our site, the soil pH isn't too bad. It's about 8. Across the board, from the, from the top that so, so we've been measuring from the top of the soil down to about 90 centimeters. About three feet. We do see a pH tick up in our sub soil, but still it's, it's around the eights. [00:09:56] We actually have a lot of carbonates in our soil. There's only more organic carbon in the top six inches of our soil. And from that point on, most of our carbon is in the form of carbonates. [00:10:06] Which is kind of unique. And so once you get down to like 60 to 90 centimeters, so two to three feet in the soil, functionally, 90 percent of the soil carbon is carbon from carbonate. [00:10:16] So dealing with that in the region there's wide variation, so people that are planting into old wheat ground where they've used a lot of ammonium based fertilizers or urea, the pH can be in the fives. And then I, I mean, I've measured soil pH is up to about 9. 8 around here. So, so quite high. [00:10:35] Those soils are hard to deal with. So these are carbonate buffered systems. So to try to lower the pH, you basically have to get rid of all the carbonates. And that is not really feasible. We do see in some of the vineyards that we work in. And again, a lot of this data is preliminary. [00:10:51] I'm trying to get stuff out right now. Getting the vineyard set up has been a massive undertaking. And I've been lucky to work with a great team to, to get it done, but it has taken a lot of my time. [00:11:01] Um, but we, we do see seasonal fluctuations with irrigation. So soils might start off with a pH around eight drop over the course of the growing season into the sixes and then as they dry down for winter time. So we cut irrigation. The pH will start to rise back up as the carbonates move from the subsoil to the surface. [00:11:21] Craig Macmillan: Interesting. Interesting. Let's talk about your vineyard. If I understand correctly, you have a research vineyard there in Prosser that you are building from scratch or have built from scratch. Is that true? [00:11:30] Devin Rippner: Yes. . It is a new vineyard to study soil health building practices. We just finished our second season. And we were very lucky. Vina Matos which is a company out of Portugal. They mechanically planted it for us. [00:11:45] Scientist, so it's, it was, yeah, it was a bit of an undertaking. Even now I've gotten a lot better on a tractor than I was. And, you know, I like to run, like, I'd like to do x ray stuff. And then I'm out there on a tractor, like, yeah, doing stuff. It's a unique challenge. [00:11:59] So we do have a vineyard manager Dr. Liz Gillespie is the vineyard manager. , she honestly does most of the tracker work. I only sub in when she's down with an illness or something like that. [00:12:09] It's been a team effort for the last couple of years. [00:12:12] Craig Macmillan: What are you doing in there? You've talked about a couple of topics, but, and how big is this, this vineyard? [00:12:17] Devin Rippner: It's not that big. It's about 4. 1 acres. , [00:12:20] Craig Macmillan: that's, you know, for research, that's good. [00:12:22] Devin Rippner: yeah, yeah, it is good. We functionally have a business as usual. So we call it our Washington 2021 standard. So it's kind of what growers just do. So that's spraying undervined for weed control and then just let resident vegetation pop up where it may and mow it down. [00:12:39] Most people don't spray or till , their tractor rows. They just. Kind of let it go. We don't get that much rain. You end up selecting for annual grasses it's actually a pretty good weed composition for a tractor row. So then we start building from there. [00:12:52] One of our treatments is what if you just mowed everywhere, right? The goal is to select for annual grasses everywhere over time. [00:12:59] And then we have another treatment where we're mowing everywhere. But we're applying compost for fertilization. Our other treatments get synthetic fertilizers for fertilization, and then we have our compost treatment where we're mowing. [00:13:12] Then we have an undervined cover crop, so that's like our cover crop treatment. [00:13:16] We're curious about undervine legume cover crops. So we have a short subterranean clover that , we've seated in to hopefully eventually start adding nitrogen to the system and, and hopefully we'll be able to back off on more of the synthetic fertilizers over time in that system, but we'll let the vines guide us, right? [00:13:35] Craig Macmillan: What species of clover is that? [00:13:37] Devin Rippner: I'm not sure the exact, so it would be like Dalkey. [00:13:39] it's a clover that basically has low flowers and shoots seed downward. And so , that allows it to replant itself really effectively. [00:13:47] The flowers tend to be below the foliage. So we won't have to worry about mowing them down too badly. , they stay low. And so that's why we selected that. just to try to keep the flowers low and keep foliage away from our vines. [00:14:01] Craig Macmillan: Anything else? [00:14:03] Devin Rippner: Yeah, so then we have our aspirational treatment, which is kind of a mix of the subterranean clover cover crop. And then we have compost fertilization and then kind of breaking the full factorial. We're actually changing what's in , , the tractor row. We're planting an intermediate wheatgrass. [00:14:20] We started with crusted wheatgrass. It's so funny with these experiments. , we seeded in crusted wheatgrass a couple of times and just did not take it's not very effective for competing against other weeds, and it's not very good with traffic. And so now , we're seeding in intermediate wheatgrass. [00:14:35] , it is more traffic tolerant and is more weed tolerant. So we're hoping that we'll be able to outcompete all the other annual grasses and just have kind of a perennial grass cover crop. [00:14:46] Craig Macmillan: Is it on these courses? So is this camp is compaction less of a problem? I would think. [00:14:53] Devin Rippner: We do have some compaction. That we've seen out there. Certainly mechanical planting can cause some extra compaction. It, it takes a lot of force to, you know, rip a giant hole in the ground to drop the vines into. And so we do see some compaction from that. [00:15:06] We have taken bulk density cores from all over the vineyard. And we're hoping to see changes over time in that compaction. So we've done bulk density course from under vine and then in the tractor row. And so we're hoping that over time, these various practices will alter the bulk density, hopefully lower the bulk density in the tractor row. [00:15:27] Craig Macmillan: And then I'm assuming that you're also keeping track of costs for these things. [00:15:32] Devin Rippner: yes, we have been keeping track of costs. We are keeping track of the hourly labor , for mowing. Honestly, we've, we've purchased some undervine mowers and , we have really struggled to find a good solution for our young vines. [00:15:45] We're going to, Purchase another one soon. The biggest thing is that if you have a swing arm on it, it's got to be gentle enough that it, it'll push out of the way , with a bamboo stake in the ground. [00:15:55] And a lot of the existing swing arm mowers for orchards and vineyards it takes a lot of force to move that swing arm. [00:16:03] It's been a real challenge for us. So, so we ended up having people go out with weed eaters, which is super expensive and is actually something that some vineyards do either biodynamic vineyards in the area that they'll send people out with weed eaters to go control the weeds under vine. [00:16:17] I don't want this to be just like a hyper specialized science experiment. If we're sending people out with weed eaters, it sounds a little bit ridiculous, but there are folks in the industry that do it. So it's not. It's not that ridiculous. [00:16:28] Craig Macmillan: It's not that ridiculous. It's legitimate. [00:16:31] Whatever tool that you can make work, depending on the size of your vineyard and depending on what your conditions are. But yeah, you're in row mode. That's going to be an issue until these vines are mature to no doubt about that. I hope you still have a vineyard after knocking down these bamboo stakes. [00:16:44] You don't have like real results yet. You've only just gotten started. [00:16:47] Devin Rippner: We've only just gotten started you know, some of the results that we got were prior to our planting, there were no differences among our treatment blocks for our treatments across the site. So that's nice kind of starting at a, a pretty even baseline. [00:17:03] We're going to track the changes over time. Honestly. I hate to speculate, we don't have the data for it yet, but we've been applying, our synthetic fertilizers based on our like compost mineralization rate. And one of the things that's pretty obvious when you walk out there is that weed competition is brutal for young vines. [00:17:23] So where we're spraying with herbicide under the vines, there's less weed competition. Those vines are just bigger., [00:17:28] we're going to up the amount of fertilizer that we apply next year to try to, like, get around that. And it's one of the challenges at our site is that for long term research, we have to manage our vineyard in a way that kind of limits how many comparisons that we can make. Functionally, two out of our three rows are buffers. It just eats up an enormous amount of space and I'm, I'm hesitant to start putting other treatments into those areas. Like, oh, what if we vary the fertilizer rate to see what the effect is with relation to mowing, right? [00:18:01] So can we get over the weed pressure by, Applying more fertilizer. One of my main takeaways is that a lot of the recommendations that you might get for like, for conventional management won't necessarily work if you're trying to change your system [00:18:16] That's where, you know, growers are going to have to play around and understand that if they're mowing under vine, there is going to be more weed pressure and those weeds take up nitrogen. [00:18:27] You may have to fertilize more. I mean, that, that's just a consequence of, of weed competition. [00:18:32] Craig Macmillan: yeah, yeah, yeah. That's interesting. And in irrigation water too, [00:18:37] Devin Rippner: Oh yeah. Yeah, for sure. Absolutely. They use a lot of water. There's no doubt about it. [00:18:42] Craig Macmillan: Which actually brings me back to the clover. I planted crimson clover in my yard once and I irrigated it and it was really pretty and I actually put two and a half foot, three foot high risers off of my lawn sprinklers to get a sprinkler high enough that I could keep growing it. And I was able to grow it up to about three feet tall and it was gorgeous. It was absolutely amazing. But it does make me wonder if, what's a subterranean clover? It's a low growing clover, but how much effect does irrigation have on it in terms of making it taller or taller? [00:19:13] Devin Rippner: That's a good question. I haven't looked into it that much. I consulted with some colleagues here. Who've done work with a variety of cover crops, and they were the ones that recommended the subterranean clover. It has a short stature and part of it is because of how it flowers and seeds, it can't get that tall because it's, it pushes its seeds into the ground. [00:19:32] And so there's no real benefit for it getting taller because then it will be farther away from where it needs to put its seeds. [00:19:39] That's a real concern. I mean, I've learned so much by , having a vineyard gophers, voles, rats, mice, they can be problematic. Right. And if you have a tall cover crop, that's getting into your vines, like that's an easy pathway up. [00:19:52] Keeping the, those undervine weeds and cover crops short is really important. [00:19:58] Craig Macmillan: Yeah. It's also really important for the success of your predators. [00:20:01] Your barn nows and whatnot. They can't really do much when things are tall. So keep going, keep good luck. You're in it. You're in it now, Devon, [00:20:09] Devin Rippner: Oh, yeah. No, that's what it feels like. I feel like I jumped into the deep end of a pool, but didn't realize it was so deep. And so, yeah, I'm learning. [00:20:17] Craig Macmillan: Because prior to a few years back, cause you were, you were at Davis and you were at the Oakville station. Is that right? For a little while. [00:20:24] Devin Rippner: I pulled some samples from Oakville, but no, I was mostly on main campus. I'm a soil chemist by training. Grapevines are relatively new for me. I worked for Andrew McElrone, who , does some great work a lot of my previous work did not involve grapes, and it was mainly, like, tomatoes or other annual crops, and often, like, pretty lab based stuff. [00:20:47] And so this has been a real deep dive for me to do something different. [00:20:53] Craig Macmillan: which is an excellent transition to some of your work which you did at other crops, but you also did some other interesting things related to vines and to soil. And that is x ray CT imagery. You were the first person to introduce me to this concept. I I had no idea I guess I should say X ray micro CT imagery. What, what are the exact terminology? What is it? What can it do? What can we learn? [00:21:20] Devin Rippner: Thanks for bringing this up. Let me just try to keep it simple and I'll build out from there. Just like a doctor's office where you can get an X ray you can actually X ray soils. And plants and look inside of them. X ray computed tomography is where instead of just taking one x ray, maybe you take 1000 x rays as the sample is slowly moving. And what you end up with is the ability to make a three D reconstruction of that sample. Where you're able to look inside of it. [00:21:50] Materials that absorb x rays look different than materials that don't absorb x rays. And so you're able to start Teasing apart structures that are inside of plants and soils [00:22:01] There's different levels to that. Humans have X ray computed tomography done on them, right? You can go in and have that procedure done to look inside of you. It's very much like an MRI there are some tools that it. look at very big volumes. And then there are some tools that look at very small volumes. [00:22:19] That's where there's the x ray microcomputed tomography is looking at very small volumes. And a lot of times those instruments they're low often located. With synchrotrons. So a synchrotron is a particle accelerator that moves electrons at about the speed of light. And then as they're going at the speed of light, , it bends them, it shifts the path of the electrons. [00:22:43] And in doing so , Theory of relativity says that when you have a big shift , in the direction of these electrons they must lose energy. And so they lose energy as the brightest light that we know of in the known universe. And so some of that light are x rays and those x rays are very tunable, and there's a lot of them. [00:23:03] And so we can basically focus on a really tiny area. And still have a lot of x rays. That lets us look at really small things and still have like good contrast and be able to image them relatively quickly. This field is advancing quickly. I know it sounds pretty crazy to talk about x raying soils and plants and things like that. [00:23:23] But the reality is these x rays can also be used to identify elements. And so you can do elemental speciation. So you can be like, Oh, all of the phosphorus there is as phosphate rather than some other form or it's calcium phosphate, not magnesium phosphate. That's called x ray adsorption, near edge structures. [00:23:42] That's how people do that. A long time ago, these instruments used to be unique. You do like a tomography and then you do like these Zains do elemental information, but those things are converging. Now it's possible to do like x ray CT and also do elemental analysis and speciation on the same sample. [00:24:01] in 100 years, that may be how we do our soil testing is you literally have one of these instruments on the back of a tractor. You pull a soil core. You do a quick scan and you say, here's our structure. We can also see the organic matter inside of the soil column. And then by inference from the outer edge of the soil column, we can get What elements are there and what form they're in and then make predictions on their availability. [00:24:27] Were very far from that, but that's like the vision that I have in my head is that at some point, , these will be sensors that people can just use in the field. Will they use an enormous amount of energy? Absolutely. Technology has, shifted in my lifetime and a lot of things that have seemed absurd in the past are now commonplace. [00:24:47] Craig Macmillan: What kinds of things, and it can be other crops as well, but in particular, there was one you did with, I think, grape seeds. Those are the things that can do what, what have you actually. Zapped [00:24:59] Devin Rippner: Yeah. [00:24:59] Craig Macmillan: a better word. [00:25:01] Devin Rippner: You know. [00:25:01] Craig Macmillan: mind here. Okay. So [00:25:03] Devin Rippner: Yeah. So I work with a lot of folks at different national labs. So the Pacific Northwest National Lab is a lab I work at a lot. And we've done a lot of imaging of soil cores and they're big soil cores. So three inches by 12 inch soil cores and to look at soil structure and we're working on segmenting out organic matter from them. [00:25:22] That's something that was not previously possible, but with modern neural networks and deep learning, we can actually train. Neural networks to identify specific compounds in the soil and identify them. We've done it with soil columns. I've done some work with soil aggregates. [00:25:38] So we can look at very small things as well. I've looked at grape seeds, so we had a little study where working with some folks at Davis they pulled out grape seeds, before, during and after fermentation, functionally, and we looked at how the structures of the seeds were changing. [00:25:58] The idea here is that grapeseeds provide a lot of tannins and they're not necessarily like the best tannins for wine, but they do provide a lot of tannins. [00:26:07] People have always wondered like, why do grapeseeds kind of supply a constant amount of tannins during the fermentation process? And as it turns out, it's because the structure of the seeds is changing during fermentation, [00:26:18] They start cracking. And so the internal structures become more accessible during fermentation. [00:26:23] And so that's what we were seeing using x ray tomography is these internal changes that were happening inside of the grape seeds that could potentially promote tannin extraction. [00:26:32] Craig Macmillan: That is fascinating. That explains a lot. I'm just thinking through, Tannin management. The date currently is in the beginning of November 2024. So we're just wrapping up a harvest here in the Paso Robles, central coast area. And so I've been thinking a lot about tannin management last couple of months on behalf of my friends who make wine, not myself. That's not entirely true. Is there a practical application to that in terms of like timing or conditions or things that would contribute to the, the cracking breakdown of these seeds that you identified? [00:27:05] Devin Rippner: We weren't able to go like that in depth and it's some, it's an area that I would like to build on. But the idea is that. The fermentation is a pretty harsh environment. You have a massive change in pH. Microbes are working hard. You have the production of ethanol, which allows the extraction of different compounds. [00:27:24] The seeds are seemingly being modified during fermentation. There needs to be more work done in this area in terms of seed tanning management. We now have kind of a, the more physical. Explanation for why those cannons are coming out of the seeds. [00:27:39] If you are able to pull your seeds earlier from fermentation, I mean, that's like a ridiculous thing to say, but you know, [00:27:45] Craig Macmillan: no, I mean, winemakers are very clever there's a lot of techniques that have become more prominent, I think, in the last 10, 15 years in terms of things like pressing off early, so getting your extraction fast and then finishing out the fermentation off of skins, off of seeds, you know, that's one way that you can do it really using seed maturity as a major variable in your pick decision is another one that I've seen people really draw to. [00:28:09] I remember people crunching on seeds and going, yeah, that's mature. Now I'm seeing people reject a pick date based on that. [00:28:17] Like we were going to wait for these seeds to mature fully before we pull because of, because of these issues with a seed tannin. So just knowing that I think is fascinating. [00:28:28] And if we can put some time and pH things on that, that would be really cool. Are you going to be using this technology with the with the research plot for anything? [00:28:36] Devin Rippner: Oh, yeah. Yeah. I mean, we [00:28:39] already have started that. We've already started down that route. Shortly after planting we collected soil cores from, , the vine row. And then from where the, the planter tires were functionally running just to look at changes in bulk density. So like kind of how compressed the soil is and then trying to get at changes in porosity. [00:28:58] We looked at these cores relative to , a field next door. That has had very relatively little disturbance in the past, like 4 to 10 years. It's kind of variable but has had less disturbance than say, like, right after planting a vineyard mechanically. Some of the things we see are you know, when you mechanically plant a vineyard, the bulk density , in the vine row is much lower than where the tractor tires are running that intrinsically makes sense. [00:29:26] And they're kind of both different than a place that's been no till or low disturbance for four to 10 years. Some of the things that are most interesting, and, and again, this is preliminary, it's got to go through peer review. . But when we look at the CT scans, you can actually see where worms have been moving, [00:29:45] In these, like, low till and no till plots or this field that has just not really been disturbed. [00:29:51] , so worms are actually making sizable holes in the ground, and those holes contribute to the porosity in these, like, low disturbance soils compared to these very disturbed soils. And that was a really interesting thing to visually see. You can see the worm castings in the scan. [00:30:10] I don't know if you've ever seen worm castings before, but they kind of, they're these little, like, kind of football shaped Things that are all clumped together our soils don't really aggregate. [00:30:20] We don't have enough organic matter and we don't have enough clay. And so that's like driving force behind aggregation in our soil seemingly is worm castings. For me, that was just mind blowing. [00:30:31] I was not expecting to see that. I think I was expecting to see a lot of roots or like root channels and they're there, but the worms are like following these roots and root channels around. [00:30:41] I'm a very visual person. And so when I do CT stuff, it's like, Oh, wow. Like I can see it with my eyes. If I can't see it with my eyes, it's hard for me to believe. But when I see it with my eyes, , it's believable. [00:30:52] Craig Macmillan: We've done a number of interviews recently around so the microbiome and just soil biology kind of in general, , is that gonna be part of your analysis as some of these projects go forward? [00:31:03] Devin Rippner: Yeah, absolutely. So we've done something called phospholipid fatty acid analysis. [00:31:09] So that gives us an idea of kind of, The microbial consortium that's there right when we sample phospholipids don't really stick around in soils. They're quickly degraded. We would like to do some sequencing challenges. We don't have a microbiologist on the team. And, and so we would, we would have to pay for the sequencing. [00:31:28] And even then sequencing is really interesting because, you could be like, oh, we did say 16 S-R-R-N-A sequencing. And that's like, that's a particular like region or a particular type of sequencing that is, that only picks up on say bacteria. [00:31:47] Whereas if you want to see fungi, maybe you need to do something called ITS sequencing. And so unless you do like all of the sequencing, you can get an idea of what's happening to the bacterial communities or the fungal communities. But unless you do all of them, it's really hard to get a more holistic picture. [00:32:05] And then, a lot of the sequencing that we do or is done we're missing things. If the regions analyzed aren't big enough, like we can be blind to specific things that we know are there. And so things like my understanding is that fungal mycorrhizae can actually be hard to detect by sequencing. [00:32:21] And so even if you visually see them in the roots by staining, you may not pick them up by sequencing. It is a challenge. Now, I, you know, I think that certainly studying the microbiome and understanding its relationship , with vine performance and soil health is, is crucial and is really, you know, one of the things that it's kind of the Holy grail [00:32:41] Craig Macmillan: Yeah. [00:32:43] Devin Rippner: We're trying to get there. [00:32:44] Craig Macmillan: We're trying to get there. That is definitely the message, but it also, there's definitely the potential. I think that there's a lot of people working on this. I think we're going to get there. It's, genomics is so big. I've talked to people that are like, at some point we, we, we will probably be able to get down to species, so we will know the bad actors from the good actors, we'll get a sense of what the real ecology is. [00:33:05] That's a decade plus away still, but we're going there. Right? We're we're gonna figure it out. We're gonna figure it out at some point. We're gonna get there. [00:33:14] Devin Rippner: Yeah, I agree. And there's, there are some techniques. There's some really cool techniques. So Jennifer Petridge at Lawrence Livermore lab does a lot Carbon 13 labeling of root exudates. So she basically gives plants, she treats them with carbon 13, enriched CO2. And then she looks at how much of the carbon 13 is then incorporated into the DNA of microbes to try to get at how well associated they are with plants. [00:33:41] I think that work is just incredible. And there's some folks at Davis that are, are working that in that area as well. That's kind of the stuff that gets me really excited to seeing when people are trying to really tie it into what's feeding on root carbon, , who's getting these exudates, things like that. [00:33:59] , that to me is one of the, One of the ways that we'll be able to, like, get at these questions is to, to start differentiating, the bulk soil microbiome from like the, the real rhizosphere associated microbiome. [00:34:11] Craig Macmillan: so you got a lot going on. You got , you got a bunch of different things happening. What's the path ahead look like for you? [00:34:17] Devin Rippner: Sure. So, and with with the soil health vineyard. I mean, I'm very excited to keep that going. We'll do another large sampling event in 2027 or 2028. We'll start making wine from our grapes. Not next year, but the year after that. So we'll be excited to see how our different management strategies influence our wine. [00:34:40] The wines that come out of the vineyard, or the wines made, made from the grapes that come out of the vineyard. So those are some of the things , I'm most excited about with regard to the vineyard. [00:34:50] Otherwise, I have a lot of data that I need to process and get out. That's something that's next. [00:34:56] I, I'm collaborating with some folks from the University of Illinois in Berkeley lab to look at changes to the Moro plots in Illinois over time. So that's the oldest agricultural experiment in the United States. The plots there have been in experimental treatments for 149 years. [00:35:15] And the reason I'm involved is because vineyards can be very long lived things, right? I mean, there are vines in California 100 years old. [00:35:23] This is one of the few experiments to me that's like comparable to what we see in vineyards. And so I'm really curious about, you know, how do, how do management practices influence soil structure, microbiome, the metagenome, the metabolome, things like that, on these century long timelines. [00:35:43] That to me is like some of the really interesting questions. If you have a vineyard for, for a century, or if you want a vineyard for a century, what do you need to do? How do you make that work? Knowing that it's going to take 20 years to have your vineyard be profitable. [00:35:57] I mean, you're already on a different timescale than annual crops, right? yeah. And so it's just like, how, how do we make our, our vineyards as sustainable and long lived as possible? Because , that, that initial investment is huge. It is so much money. [00:36:13] Craig Macmillan: I think that's really great. I think coming up with findings on other crops, but with practices that could be transferable is really great. You know, we don't need to be in our little grape silo. All the time. And in fact some of the soil microbiome stuff have been with interviews with people that had no connection to vineyards whatsoever. And it was great. The things that they were learning, they were absolutely transferable to this crop as well. That hasn't gotten that kind of attention. Grapevines are tough little suckers, really from an evolutionary standpoint, they're pretty rugged and so we can kind of get away with a lot just because of that. [00:36:48] And now I think the margin for error is less and less, especially when we get into tougher and tougher sites like you're talking about and different conditions, especially if you've farmed it for a while and things have changed. Being able to look at other, other systems and see what's there. [00:37:03] What is one thing that you would tell growers around this topic of research? [00:37:09] Devin Rippner: vineyard is very informed by grower practices. We have a grower board that like helps us make decisions. A message that I will say is like science is science and science is often pretty, you know, Like straight laced and rigid because it must be. know, We're going to find things and those results hopefully will be interesting. [00:37:27] But it's not the be all and end all . of science and research. Growers continuing to try innovative things push the boundaries of what they think is possible is really how we get progress. And I am hopeful , once this vineyard is more established to start going back out and working with growers. [00:37:48] When I first started in Prosser, I sampled from probably 40 different vineyards around the state just to get an idea of what the soil properties were like. And we've done some, some experiments with that. Some of our results are that permanganate oxidize oxidizable carbon. So this POC C classically it's been called active carbon. [00:38:08] There's some new research that suggests that it's, that's maybe a misnomer and it's really, often plant derived carbon. [00:38:15] It seems like there are some effects from that, that suppress disease. And I think that , that's an area where growers can really kind of play around and see if there's , waste from their vineyard and applying it to their vines trying to look at what that does to their, POC C values and also try, just getting in trying to look at some of the past issues that those vines may have and see if there's any decreases. [00:38:41] A lot of observational science is really important. I like hearing from growers that, yeah, I did this thing and it looks like it made a difference. There's a lot of value in that and, and I don't discount like grower knowledge in any way, shape, or form. Like it is deep knowledge growers know things that I don't, and I find that out all the time. [00:39:02] I value those observations. They they give me guidance on how I want to do my work. And we do try to incorporate that stuff into the soil health vineyard. Over time we are going to have to figure out like, You know, can we sustain funding for a vineyard for, say, 50 years if all we're doing is like a cover crop, some compost, and then a mix? [00:39:23] That seems like it's maybe not the most sustainable thing. Science requires that type of stuff, but it's just not that sustainable. So finding ways to make use of our, border rows and stuff like that is going to be important. And a lot of the research that we do is going to be informed by grower observations. [00:39:39] Craig Macmillan: Yep. Yep. Exactly. Where can people find out more about you and your work? [00:39:44] Devin Rippner: Sure. So you can look me up online. Devin Rippner a lot of stuff will pop up. There's a USDA website that has a listing of my publications and things like that. I also have a personal website. So those are some places to, to check out my work. [00:40:00] I try to make sure that my stuff is open access and usable. So, like the deep learning code, the image segmentation code that I co developed for X ray ct work is now being applied to like other types of imaging on. So people are using it at hops and a variety of other things on. [00:40:18] So that code is online. Like you can find it it's associated with my papers. You can play around with it and try it with your own stuff. Mhm. And, and, and that's a big thing for me is like open data. I, I love sharing a lot of the, the data that I have and the code that I have so that people can, repeat what I did. [00:40:35] Look me up online and yeah, you'll be, you can find that, find those resources. [00:40:40] Craig Macmillan: we will have links to a lot of that on the show page. So please visit the show page and check this stuff out. I was really happy to hear you use the word repeatability. [00:40:49] Devin Rippner: Yeah, [00:40:50] Craig Macmillan: Yeah. And I also was really, it's hard. it's very, very hard and it's often overlooked. You know, the, , the scientific methods we know today was all built around the idea of repeatability. That's how you demonstrate whether something's real, real, or if it's only real under certain conditions, blah, blah, blah, blah. So that's really great. I'm glad you're doing that. [00:41:08] Well, I want to thank you for being on the podcast. This is a Devin Rippner. He is a research soil scientist with USDA agricultural research service and an adjunct position with the crop and soil science department at Washington state university. Really fun conversation, Devin, lots to think about. I will be following this closely. Or annually, probably [00:41:31] Devin Rippner: Cool. [00:41:31] Yeah. [00:41:32] Craig Macmillan: these things are slow. I'm not going to be checking every week. But I just think it's really cool project and is real inspiration. And I would love to see the same kind of thing replicated in other places. [00:41:41] Devin Rippner: Great. Thanks Craig. That was really fun. [00:41:43] Beth Vukmanic: Thank you for listening. [00:41:49] If you enjoyed this podcast, Vineyard Team has a couple of in field tailgate meetings coming up this year that you won't want to miss. [00:41:56] The first is on February 20th in Paso Robles, and it is a dry farming grower around table. Now you don't need to be a dry farmer to enjoy this event. There'll be a number of different growers here talking about their experiences, trials, challenges, and successes. [00:42:13] The second event is on March 12th, and it is Grazing as a Sustainable Practice for Vineyards, taking place in Los Olivos, and we hope to have some adorable sheep on site. [00:42:24] Make sure you check out the show notes for links to Dev lots of research articles, plus, sustainable wine growing podcast episodes, 80. The Goldilocks principle and powdery mildew management, 90 nematode management for Washington grapes, plus a whole healthy soils playlist. [00:42:42] Now for the fine print, the views, thoughts, and opinions expressed are the speaker's own and do not represent the views, thoughts, and opinions of the USDA ARS. As such, the views, thoughts, and opinions. Presented by the speaker do not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the United States Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. The material and information presented here is for general information purposes only. [00:43:14] If you liked this show, do us a big favor by sharing it with a friend, subscribing, and leaving us a review. You can find all of the podcasts at vineyardteam.org/podcast. And you can reach us at podcast@vineyardteam. org. [00:43:28] Until next time, this is Sustainable Wine Growing with the Vineyard Team.   Nearly perfect transcription by Descript

Comedian Forrest Shaw (@forrestshaw) returns to the show to talk about stalking manatees with police helicopters, gambling addiction, his upcoming podcast I've Got a Problem, survival of the wittiest, a lost branch of humanity's family tree, Matt's upcoming comedy shows in Eureka and Medford and Andy's upcoming Warsaw Poland Bros shows in Santa Barbara and Los Olivos.

Esta propuesta cuenta con un enfoque medioambiental. Comenzando con prácticas responsables en su funcionamiento. Desde la reutilización del agua hasta la transformación de residuos.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Comenzamos el programa “Voces del Misterio” Nº 977 con una investigación paranormal en la finca "Los Olivos", en Badajoz. Emilio Carrillo nos habla de las Experiencias Cercanas a la Muerte (ECM). Entrevistamos a Daniel Ramos acerca del Eneagrama y la esencia. Seguiremos con el tema de los bulos y la desinformación, un análisis de cómo nacen, quién se beneficia y cómo detenerlos. Y finalmente, cerraremos el programa analizando la figura del profeta francés Michel de Nostradamus. RECORDAROS QUE ESTE PODCAST NO ES EL OFICIAL del programa “Voces del Misterio”, para comentarios sobre los temas tratados o las opiniones de los colaboradores del programa, por favor, contactar con el programa en http://www.vocesdelmisterio.com/ o través del correo electrónico "vocesdelmisterio@gmail.com". Sigue a PARANORMALIA a través de la WEB (https://paranormaliaweb.github.io/), FACEBOOK (https://www.facebook.com/paranormaliaweb/) o TWITTER (https://twitter.com/paranormaliaweb). ¡FELICES FIESTAS!

"Voces del Misterio" nº.977 en el que hablamos de temas muy diversos como de las Experiencias Cercanas a la Muerte (ECM) con Emilio Carrillo, seguiremos hablando de una investigación paranormal en Badajoz, en la finca "Los Olivos". Entrevistamos a Daniel Ramos que nos hablará del Eneagrama y la esencia; seguiremos con los bulos y la desinformación en un análisis de como nacen, quién se beneficia y como detenerlos, finalmente cerraremos hablando de la figura del profeta francés Nostradamus. Todo esto en "Voces del Misterio", Real Betis Radio, 96.8 fm. Voces del Misterio nº.977: Experiencias Cercanas a la Muerte con Emilio Carrillo, investigación Los Olivos, Nostradamus.

The Vikings keep rolling and win their White Out game on Monday night. And another glorious road trip for Craigers up the California Coast including stops in Los Olivos, Paso Robles, Carmel and Montecito. Plus a visit to one of John Steinbeck's old haunts - the Forge in the Forest in Carmel. Added bonus: Kilby keeps giving with 5 movies you can watch over and over and never get bored. Let's go. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Escucha el mensaje del pastor Popín (Celso Pérez) desde Amor a Quisqueya "Lugar de Nuevos Comienzos". Síguenos en Instagram, Facebook y Youtube / Amor a Quisqueya. Llama al (829) 292 1539 para más información. --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/amoraquisqueya/support

On this episode of the Do Epic Shit Today Podcast, I sat down with my crew chief (*cough husband) to talk about the super crazy adventure that the Back on the Ranch 100 Miler provided; a 3.3 mile loop in the hot Los Olivos, California sun. An immense amount of sh*t  went down in those 27 hours - the mind games, the lack of sleep and delusion, the relentless sun and kind and epic humans I met along the way. Due to a potential race cancellation, I signed up for this particular race, 6 days prior to race day and the narrative to get my ass to the start line - is a gnarly and entertaining story.Listen in for some helpful ultra race tips, how I was able to navigate the mental challenges, the importance of having a kickass crew and some wholesome chuckles. Instagram: @tallishxWebsite: https://www.tallishx.com/Support the showSave 10% on Do Epic Shit Today Merch Discount Code: TALLISH10https://www.tallishx.com/

El Monte de los Olivos-Pastor Gustavo Padilla Iglesia de Cristo Ebenezer Hosanna Tegucigalpa

Detectado un nuevo caso del virus del Nilo en Villanueva de la Reina. Con este ya van tres en la misma semana junto a los anotados en Linares y en Ibros. Los ayuntamientos ya están tomando medidas de limpieza. Más de 61.380 estudiantes jiennenses de Secundaria, Bachillerato y FP comienzan este lunes a las clases. Conocemos con FAMPA "Los Olivos" cómo comienza el curso.  En deportes el Jaén fútbol sala es campeón andaluz, y el Linares en Segunda ref, se reencuentra con la victoria. Escuchar audio

Co-Host Chris Teague was confronted with a very difficult task in our lead road test this week. His job was to pilot the 2024 Nissan Z NISMO around the twists and turns of Maine's backroads. Sure, it was a tough assignment, but, as has so often been said, someone had to do it. The 2024 Nissan Z NISMO enhances the iconic sports car with track-ready performance, featuring a 420-horsepower twin-turbo engine, upgraded suspension, and revised aerodynamics. How did Teague enjoy the experience? Did he apply for hazardous-duty pay? He'll have more in his full 6-foot-tall report. When Ford introduced the Bronco Sport small SUV, its executives weren't certain that its buyers were ready for heavy-duty off-road ability. But several years into the program, they are more than ready to believe it. Why? Because their customers asked them for it. As a result, the 2025 Bronco Sport can be equipped with its own Sasquatch package, which mimics the full-on off-road gear available on the full-size Bronco. While that's good news, the even better news is that Host Jack Nerad got a chance to drive a 2025 Bronco Sport with the Sasquatch package on some very challenging terrain in Eastern Tennessee. That's the site of Ford's latest Bronco Off-Roadeo adventure playground. As part of a small group of auto journalists, he got behind the wheel of the 2025 Bronco Sport Sasquatch to see if it could stand up to the rigors of some tough, rock-strewn, water-soaked trails. He'll share his findings in this episode. This week our special guest is Andre Ravinowich, Hyundai's Senior Manager of Product Planning. Jack Nerad spoke with him at length about the exciting changes to the 2025 Hyundai Tucson, one of the brand's most important vehicles, at a recent event in Los Olivos, California. We think you'll enjoy hearing what he has to say. In the news this week, J.D. Power has lowered its electric vehicle sales forecast for this year and next. We'll have the details on what's going on and why EVs aren't selling as well as many so-called experts expected. In a related story, a major global automaker has just abandoned its pledge to be all-electric in 2030. We'll tell you the brand, what they just announced and offer our comments. On a happier note, an important Japanese brand is vowing to increase its North American presence with an onslaught of new vehicles. We'll have the details on that coming up. And there was sadness in the Nerad household as we said goodbye to a vehicle that served our family well for 25 years. We'll have a few words about Clifford coming up in this episode of America on the Road. America on the Road is brought to you by Driving Today.com, Mercury Insurance, and EMLandsea.com , the publisher of Nerad's latest book, Dance in the Dark, which is available HERE on Amazon.com

Nos trasladamos al pueblo palestino de Qusra para conocer el cambio en su vida diaria desde el pasado 7 de Octubre. El activista social y uno de los primeros objetores de conciencia en la Península Martí Olivella acaba de llegar de Ramallah y explica la situación que viven los agricultores sin poder recolectar y trabajar sus tierras o pastorear el ganado. En Octubre y Noviembre comienza la recolección de la aceituna, pero necesitan la ayuda internacional para hacerlo. Escuchamos la música de: KAMILYA JUBRAN- Al Shaatthe Al-Akhar; AMAL MURKUS - HKaye; RAFEEF ZIADAH- A Place; SANAA MOUSSA- Nijmet El-Subeh; DAM- Dathiruni; WAHEEB NASAN+ JAE DEEN- A Free Palestine; LABESS- Ifrikiya; FOEX, ANA TIJOUX + SHADIA MANSOUR- Somos Sur.Escuchar audio

VINTAGE episode from s4, e4-P1: A story worth telling, saving pennies, underdog, Los Olivos and interview with Jessica Gasca, owner & winemaker, the Story of Soil wine. ON THE ROAD with MR CA WINE is about California's cool, aspirational lifestyle and awesome wines hosted by Chuck Cramer, a California native, living in London and is the Director of European sales & marketing, Terlato Wines. This is a wine journey covering the hottest topics in the world of California wine, chatting along the way with the key influencers in the industry who make it all happen. This week's episode includes an interview with Jessica Gasca, owner & winemaker,the Story of Soil.  

¿Qué significan la lámpara de oro y los dos olivos en la visión de Zacarías? Descubre cómo estas imágenes simbolizan el poder y la provisión de Dios para Su pueblo en Zacarías 4. O post La lámpara de oro y los olivos | Zacarías 4 | Reavivados por su Palabra apareceu primeiro em Nuevo Tiempo.

El desborde del sistema cloacal en el barrio Los Olivos, en Buenos Aires de Herrera, Santo Domingo Oeste, mantiene preocupados a residentes del lugar, lo que podría generar un brote de bacterias.

Join host Lata Murti and guests in recognizing the 57th anniversary of Loving v. Virginia–the U.S. Supreme Court case that led to the legalization of interracial marriage–as well as the first anniversary of Multiracial Heritage Week (June 7-14, 2023). In the second of this two-part series on multiracial identity on California's Central Coast, Kaito Lopez, a 2020 graduate of Cal Poly San Luis Obispo who is now a Botanist with the U.S. Forest Service, and Kalyan Balaven, Head of School at Dunn School in Los Olivos, talk to Lata about their experiences being multiracial not only on California's Central Coast but also in other regions of the U.S. and the world. Although we cannot take your calls live during this pre-recorded show, you are invited to listen, learn and send your questions to voices@kcbx.org. Listen to Central Coast Voices every Thursday from 1-2pm on KCBX.

Forma parte del grupo de investigación Diana del departamento de física de la Universidad de Murcia, que, en colaboración con la Politécnica de Madrid, ha publicado un trabajo en la revista "Communications Biology Nature" sobre los olivos tipo arbequina y sobre cómo economizar agua a través de unos pelos que poseen en las hojas.

En este programa participan:- Javier Marín - Blázquez, profesor titular de Ingeniería en Inteligencia Artificial de la Facultad de Informática de la Universidad de Murcia, sobre la charla "Inteligencia artificial: qué es, dónde estamos y qué nos aguarda", organizada en el ciclo Cartagena Piensa.- Lluis Montoliu, vicedirector del Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, sobre la conferencia "Avances genéticos en investigación y salud" organizada para estudiantes del Instituto Floridablanca de Murcia y el centro educativo Los Olivos de Molina de Segura, organizada por la Fundación de Estudios Médicos de Molina de Segura. Le entrevistan Marta Ferrero y Cristina Soto.- Elena Martínez, directora de la Unidad de Calidad de la empresa Derivados Químicos, sobre la igualdad de la mujer en las industria química.- Uno de los directores de las campañas de investigación arqueológicas en la Isla del Fraile, Alejandro Quevedo, se ha incorporado al Instituto de Historia del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, lo que conlleva que el CSIC entra en la codirección de las campañas de investigación de la Isla del Fraile. Lo cuenta Jaime Zaragoza.

BIBLIA IN SITU — Ep. 9 | Monte de los olivos by Oscar Sotres

Noticias desde el bosque de Los Olivos

Join wine educator Katie Phillips as she interviews winemaker Jill Russell on all things Cambria Winery.

Hotel, Travel, Los Olivos, Fence, HOA

Rusty Quirk is a chef and the owner of Linnaea's Cafe in downtown San Luis Obispo. If you've spent any time in SLO since 1984, you probably remember the little cafe with the long walk to a leafy back patio with a koi pond. Linnaea's is one of a rare breed of small, family-owned businesses in SLO that have retained their original charm for several decades. It's a cozy, simple place where the focus falls more on fostering relationships and art than on getting esoteric with the coffee. And now with Rusty at the helm, it's going to have even more delicious pastries, too. She has served as pastry chef at Hotel SLO, Bell's in Los Alamos and Bar Le Cote in Los Olivos. (By the way, I butchered the pronunciation of that restaurant in our interview, and Rusty was gracious enough not to correct me. Anyway, mea culpa.) Here she talks about her experiences on the line in kitchens from New York to California, her background in graphic design, and how her musician husband is helping to boost the musical offerings at the cafe.   Website: linnaeascafe.com Instagram: @linnaeascafe

I didn't realize it until just now, but I've known Michael and Sarah Cherney for years. Okay, I didn't know-them know-them, but I definitely enjoyed their hospitality a few times at Sides' Hardware and Shoes, the charming restaurant in Los Olivos where Michael was chef and Sarah worked front of house. The Cherneys have since started their own business called Peasant's Feast in an iconic restaurant space in Solvang — a town known more for its aebleskivers and Christmas-all-year-round charm than for its cuisine. With the success of the restaurant, they've opened a beautiful second spot called Peasant's Deli across the walkway. There's also a fun little secret inside the deli worth exploring, but I'll let them pique your interest. We talked about Michael's veggie legs, Sarah's theater background, and how deferred dreams led them right to the Peasant's Feast's door. Website: peasantsfeast.com / peasantsdeli.com Instagram: @peasantsfeast / @peasantsdeli Photo: Bri Burkett  

The Taste of Santa Barbara is in full swing, and The Indy host Alexandra Goldberg got a glimpse at the week-long food and drink celebration.Joining us on the show this week is Todd Schulkin, Executive Director of the Julia Child Foundation for Gastronomy and the Culinary Arts, who talked about how Julia Child inspired the culinary world to know where your food comes from.Julia Child is a culinary educator who spent her summers in Santa Barbara, and became a popular television personality on her series The French Chef. Her legacy on the culinary world remains, inspiring cooking schools like Apples to Zucchini to take part in her mission of food education.Alexandra visited A to Z Cooking School for Pascale Beale's “Souffle Perfection” class, and also spoke with Nancy Martz, executive director of the school, and Jeff King, coordinator of adult cooking classes.Then, The Indy reporter Rebecca Fairweather explored Terre et Sang in Los Olivos, a vineyard operated by a mother-son duo who share the same passion for grapes and family. Rebecca sat down with Duncan and Dalita Harmon to chat about why they call winemaking “a labor of love.”Hosted by Alexandra Goldberg.Terre et Sang segment begins at 28:27.The Indy: A Podcast was co-created by Molly McAnany and the Santa Barbara Independent.Music for this episode written by Molly McAnany and Ketsa.Follow ‘The Indy' on social media @theindypod to support and contact podcast@independent.com for advertisements.For more information, visit: https://sbce.events/https://www.terreetsang.com/

Welcome back to The Nerd Expansion! Today's guest is the one and onlyJennifer Sanett and her nerd love is Wine. It's fizzy, sparkling and everything VINO. Raise your glasses!Jenn and Sasha went through Calabasas HS together, musical theater brought us even closer (cmon Pass The Candle!)... and then my senior year I discovered the Great Gatsby, and their prohibition era cocktails, and champagne in coupé glasses. Then, Jenn went to Disneyland...  And New York. This is when Jenn realized she could combine her love of wine/booze from Gatsby, and her proximity to Solvang and Los Olivos, to start becoming a wine goddess!Find JenniferHosted By: Nick Bowan & Sasha WeissTheme song written by Korrie YamaokaPerformed by Sasha Weiss & Korrie Yamaoka

In this episode C Monster shares this last weekend's adventures and shenanigans at the Born to Run Ultra event in Los Olivos. C Monster meets Travis Jecker and shares his story and the positive impact of helping others through his non-Profit. His non-profit is called Positive rides and helps people with disabilities to get them an all-terrain wheelchair which helps them experience trails, beaches and many other non-pavement roads. 

El pastor Moisés nos habla sobre la enseñanza de Jesús que creemos ocurrió el miércoles antes de la cruz. Se basa en Mateo 24, y nos lleva a lo largo del capítulo sobre los eventos que Jesús anunció. Nos presenta que hay algunos de su profecía que ocurrieron y otros que están por ocurrir. Pero nos da tres puntos para estar listos para cuando llegue el momento que Jesús nos anunció, no te pierdas la tercera parte de la Serie: Siete Días De Vida. - PRÓXIMOS PASOS  ¿Quieres dar el próximo paso? ¡Queremos ayudar! Envía un mensaje de texto con SIGUIENTE al 909-281-7797 o visítanos en sunrisechurch.org/nextsteps.  - DAR A LA IGLESIA SUNRISE Imagina lo que Dios puede hacer cuando confiamos en Él para dar. Comienza a donar hoy en sunrisechurch.org/give.  - SÍGUENOS EN LAS REDES SOCIALES:  Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SunriseChurchCA Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sunrisechurchca Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/SunriseChurch

A story worth telling, saving pennies, underdog, Los Olivos and interview with Jessica Gasca, owner & winemaker, the Story of Soil. ON THE ROAD with MR CA WINE is about California's cool, aspirational lifestyle and awesome wines hosted by Chuck Cramer, a California native, living in London and is the Director of European sales & marketing, Terlato Wines. This is a wine journey covering the hottest topics in the world of California wine, chatting along the way with the key influencers in the industry who make it all happen. This week's episode includes an interview with Jessica Gasca, owner & winemaker,the Story of Soil.  

El brigadier general Carlos Triana, comandante de la Policía de Bogotá, conversó con La W sobre el asesinato de dos policías en medio de una persecución en el barrio Los Olivos en la localidad de Bosa, al sur de la capital.

This week on Inside Julia's Kitchen, we're sharing a live recording from a recent event held at Mattei's Tavern in Los Olivos, and hosted by the Santa Barbara Culinary Experience. At this special sneak peek event, Todd Schulkin spoke to the food and beverage team behind the reopening of this historic inn and restaurant, including Executive Chef Rhoda Magbitang, Beverage Manager Rasmus Marquart, Director of Food and Beverage Ja Sean Hall, General Manager of the Tavern Christy Guzman, and General Manager Dave Elcon. Plus, each guest shares their own Julia Moment.Photo Courtesy of Heather Daenitz and @craftandcluster on Instagram.Heritage Radio Network is a listener supported nonprofit podcast network. Support Inside Julia's Kitchen by becoming a member!Inside Julia's Kitchen is Powered by Simplecast.

This week on Facts with Fiona, we take you on a trip up the California Coast to a rural town just north of Santa Barbara. Los Olivos is a hidden gem which lies in the heart of the Santa Ynez Valley, my favorite wine country and home to Brander Vineyard, Santa Barbara's premier Sauvignon Blanc and Bordeaux style wine producer since 1975. A visit to Brander is like visiting a wine estate in Provence. As soon as you enter the property you feel you've been teleported to France. Head vintner and owner, Fred Brander and head winemaker, Fabian Bravo, take us on a full tour of the winery, vineyards, on-site production facility, tasting room, art gallery and grounds. We witness the full cycle harvest production of Brander's Cabernet Franc from grape to bottle. We saw every part of the harvest process from picking to crushing, pressing and bottling. We even made some friends along the way like Yogi, the vineyard dog, son of head winemaker Fabian Bravo and mascot for Brander. ‘Brander Vineyard' is available exclusively on Friday, September 30th on Spotify, Apple Podcasts and iHeartRadio. Grab a glass and tune in. You don't want to miss this. Watch the full episode: https://youtu.be/C-o9cmPXSHg. Love the show? Follow us and leave a review! And for more behind-the-scenes footage, follow Fiona on Instagram @FionaMoriarty and Twitter @FactswithFiona. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/factswithfiona/support

Follow Me On Instagram @djelninolmp

This week on Facts with Fiona, we take you on a trip up the California Coast to a rural town just north of Santa Barbara. Los Olivos is a hidden gem which lies in the heart of the Santa Ynez Valley, my favorite wine country and home to Brander Vineyard, Santa Barbara's premier Sauvignon Blanc and Bordeaux style wine producer since 1975. A visit to Brander is like visiting a wine estate in Provence. As soon as you enter the property you feel you've been teleported to France. Head vintner and owner, Fred Brander and head winemaker, Fabian Bravo, take us on a full tour of the winery, vineyards, on-site production facility, tasting room, art gallery and grounds. We witness the full cycle harvest production of Brander's Cabernet Franc from grape to bottle. We saw every part of the harvest process from picking to crushing, pressing and bottling. We even made some friends along the way like Yogi, the vineyard dog, son of head winemaker Fabian Bravo and mascot for Brander. ‘Brander Vineyard' is available exclusively on Friday, September 30th on Spotify, Apple Podcasts and iHeartRadio. Grab a glass and tune in. You don't want to miss this. Watch the full trailer https://youtu.be/C-o9cmPXSHg. Love the show? Follow us and leave a review! And for more behind-the-scenes footage, follow Fiona on Instagram @FionaMoriarty and Twitter @FactswithFiona. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/factswithfiona/support

www.themidnighttrainpodcast.com  Become a Patron and get more episodes! www.patreon.com/accidentaldads  Imagine the scene: A serial murderer is guided by a specific “code” that kills only those who are guilty. He has access to crime scenes as a blood splatter analyst for the Miami police, gathering information and analyzing DNA to confirm a target's guilt before killing them. Sound familiar? It should, it's the premise of the TV show, “Dexter.”   Ah, yes, Dexter. I love that show. We figured we would talk about the life of Dexter even though Logan, of course, has never seen it. Jk.   Obviously, murder is never acceptable, right? It's the worst crime we can commit against one another, right? But what if, someone who didn't believe in the “thou shall not kill” premise decided to murder someone you love? What if someone raped or beat someone you love? What if a child was purposefully abused, raped, or arguably worse, murdered? Does that horrendous situation change the narrative? Would you, COULD YOU, take the life of the person or persons responsible for your now substantial and debilitating loss? I want you to honestly think about that as we go through today's episode.    Bottom line, do specific human piles of shit DESERVE TO DIE?   Pedro Rodrigues Filho, or Killer Petey, is a Brazilian serial murderer. He was convicted and is notorious for hunting out and murdering only criminals as a teenager, between the ages of 14 and 19, particularly an entire gang in retaliation for the killing of his pregnant girlfriend.   He served 34 years in prison before being released in 2007, having been formally imprisoned for 71 murders but claimed to have killed over 100 drug traffickers, rapists, and murderers. Filho was initially sentenced to eight more years in jail in 2011 on accusations of inciting violence and deprivation of liberty. However, he was released in 2018 after serving seven years on the condition that he behaved himself. Nevertheless, he murdered 47 inmates inside the prisons where he was held captive, most of whom were rapists.   Since his second release from prison in 2018, when he declared himself to be reformed from his self-declared vigilantism as a youth and committed to not committing any more crimes, Filho has gained notoriety as a YouTube personality in Brazil. He runs the channel Pedrinho EX Matador, later renamed 2P Entretenimento, where he comments on current crimes and teaches the general public that committing crimes is not something to be proud of.   South of Minas Gerais in Santa Rita do Sapuca, on a farm, Rodrigues was born. His father was abusive and, all in all, a piece of shit and had kicked his mother's belly during a fight while she was pregnant, leaving the poor unborn child with a bruised skull.    In a quarrel with an older relative at age 13, he shoved the young man into a sugar cane press, nearly killing him, and had pondered leaving him there to die before deciding to save him. He claimed that this was the first time he had felt the urge to kill.   When Filho was fourteen years old, his father was accused of stealing food from the high school kitchen where he worked as a security guard, resulting in him losing his job. In vengeance, Filho killed the vice-mayor of Alfenas with Filho's Grandfather's shotgun, as he was the one who fired his father. A month later, he killed another guard at the school whom he believed to be the real thief.    On the run, Rodrigues took refuge in Mogi das Cruzes, Greater São Paulo, where he began robbing drug dens and killing drug traffickers, making him a celebrity in the news media as the vigilante “Pedrinho Matador” (Lil' Petey Killer). Filho killed one of the gang leaders in the area he was ransacking. After killing the gang leader, he took over his role and began running the same gang, almost like a Riddick moment where you keep what you kill.   During this time, he met a woman named Maria Aparecida Olympia, nicknamed Botinha. After they found out they were pregnant, Filho proposed! So awesome to see that this man, with what could be perceived as a savage beast-like mentality, actually has a pretty big heart.   Unfortunately, a rival gang leader brutally murdered Filho's fiancee during Olympia's pregnancy.   After finding out about the murder, Filho kind of went full John Wick. He and a few of his friends went to the wedding of the rival gang member. The hit squad brutally massacred all involved in the death of his soon-to-be wife and the mother of his child. He killed 7 at the wedding and injured 16 more. All of this came after Filho went on a torture spree to find out who was involved initially. We don't know precisely how many were killed or hurt leading up to this point. Dudes an absolute monster and gave zero fucks.   Speaking of giving zero fucks, the boyfriend of Filho's favorite cousin knocked her up! Pretty exciting news. Except for the fact that the boyfriend refused to marry her, so… Filho shot and killed him.  Remember how we mentioned that Filho's Father was a piece of shit? Well, it gets worse. A few months after the massacre at the wedding, Filho found out that his mother had been killed. By his father. Who had butchered and dismembered her with a machete. After his father was committed to prison, Filho went and paid him a visit! While at the conjugal, Filho stabbed him 22 times! Not only did he kill his father, but he carved his heart out of him and took a rather large bite out of it. Amazing that he still somehow doesn't have any jail time or was even caught! Brazil, what's up down there?   Well, after a few years of Filho continuing his lifestyle of a gang leader, it's known that he killed a few more before good old Johnny Law caught up to him in 1973. After he was sentenced to 126 years in prison, he was transported in a police car with another inmate, where he supposedly murdered him in the police car.   Filho served only 34 years, however, while in prison. This is because the maximum time a criminal can serve is thirty years when convicted, according to Brazilian law. This was later changed to 40 years in 2019.    While in prison, he didn't slow down much on the killing. He murdered 47 other criminals serving time in the same prison as him. They were the worst of the worst, though. Murderers, rapists, sex traffickers, etc. That's valiant, right?   But being a killer of killers creates a pretty strong and bad reputation among other criminals. Especially when most of the prison population has that on their rap sheet. So he made some enemies while there.   He was ambushed by some of these people. During the ambush, he killed three of his attackers and injured the other two. One bad motherfucker.   He was up for release in 2003 but because of the murders within the prison, he was given an extra four years. But he only murdered bad guys. I mean, there was just the one-off murder of his cellmate because he snored too loud, but I mean, come on, who hasn't thought about that? No? Just me? Hmm. Anyways. He did mention that he enjoyed a few of the murders just because they were terrible people, and he wanted to kill them.   He was formally let free on April 24, 2007, but on September 15, 2011, he was detained at his home and later found guilty of riot and false imprisonment. He acknowledged that the fact that his girlfriend was not in jail was his primary reason for wanting to be released. However, he was ultimately sentenced to 128 years for these offenses.   Filho was released in 2018 due to Brazil's repeal of the law stating that those with a diagnosis of psychopathy can be imprisoned indefinitely and that the country's maximum penalty is 30 years. Since then, he has created a YouTube channel where he shares his experiences. In addition, he tries to teach others to not follow in his footsteps.   So let's sum this guy up:   Most of the time, Filho hunted down the various types of offenders he wanted to kill by looking up their names and addresses. He then brutally killed them in several methods. However, he admitted that his preferred method was to hack or stab them to death with swords. Usually, when he learned of a crime, that prompted him to take action. When driven by rage rather than thrill, he would occasionally capture criminals (usually professional criminals and drug dealers) and torture them to death. He sometimes modified his approach by following the path taken by his victims when they committed their own crimes, such as when he murdered his father or when he murdered seven people in one day.   Now how about we look at some other folks with the same motifs? Now they may not have as extensive of a rap sheet as Filho, but these following people had decided to make it known for taking justice into their own hands when the Justice system didn't seem to do enough for them. Marianne Bachmeier   She was a struggling single mother who learned with horror that her daughter Anna, age 7, had died. The girl missed school on May 5, 1980, and somehow ended up at the home of Klaus Grabowski, a 35-year-old butcher who lived next door. Later, a cardboard box containing Anna's remains was discovered on the side of a nearby canal. Grabowski was detained very quickly after his fiancée called the police to report the incident since he already had a criminal record for child abuse. Grabowski argued that he hadn't sexually molested the little girl before killing her, even after confessing to the crime.   Instead, Grabowski made the strange claim that the young girl had attempted to “blackmail” him by saying she would tell her mother he had assaulted her if he didn't give her money. Grabowski further claimed that the primary motivation for his decision to kill the kid in the first place was this alleged “blackmailing.”    The murder of Marianne Bachmeier's daughter had already infuriated her. But when the murderer related this tale, she grew even more irate. She was determined to get retribution when the man was put on trial a year later.   At Grabowski's 1981 trial in the Lübeck district court, his defense claimed that since he had been deliberately castrated for his crimes years earlier, he had only committed the offense due to a hormone imbalance.   The third day of the trial was Bachmeier's breaking point. She concealed a .22-caliber Beretta handgun in her handbag, took it out in the courtroom, and fired eight shots at the murderer. Grabowski received six rounds of fire before passing away in a pool of blood on the courthouse floor. Bachmeier reportedly responded, “I wanted to kill him,” according to Judge Guenther Kroeger.   Although it was evident from the several witnesses and Bachmeier's comments that it was indeed her who killed Grabowski, she was shortly placed on trial for the crime. She said, “He killed my daughter... I meant to shoot him in the face but I shot him in the back... I hope he's dead.”   With some celebrating Bachmeier as a hero and others denouncing her conduct, the “Revenge Mother” case swiftly gained notoriety in Germany. Before shooting Grabowski, Bachmeier said that she saw visions of Anna in the trial and could no longer stand for him to misrepresent her daughter. She allegedly sold her story to Stern magazine to pay her defense lawyers for $158,000.   In the end, the courts found Bachmeier guilty in 1983 of deliberate manslaughter. For her acts, she received a six-year prison term. Jason Vukovich   Unlike other real-life vigilantes, Jason Vukovich's search for justice began years before he set out to pursue it. Vukovich, born to a single mother in Anchorage, Alaska, on June 25, 1975, was quickly adopted by his mother's new husband, Larry Fulton. Fulton seemed devout in public, but in reality, he molested Vukovich during his nightly “prayer sessions.”   Vukovich and his brother were often beaten with belts and pieces of wood in addition to sexual torture. And to make matters worse, Fulton got away with all these horrific offenses, which infuriated Vukovich. As a result, Vukovich, who fled terrified at 16, spent years getting by on narcotics and small-time thievery.   He returned to Alaska in 2008, but his desire to get revenge on pedophiles like Fulton didn't go away. It culminated in 2016. Vukovich started by browsing the neighborhood sex offenders list. He then attacked and stole from three of the guys on the list as the last act.   In June 2016, Vukovich went after the three guys. Targeting Albee first, he drove to the residences of Andres Barbosa, Charles Albee, and Wesley Demarest. Then, on the morning of June 24, Vukovich broke into the man's house and smacked the 68-year-old before robbing him and fleeing.   Two days later, he approached Barbosa in a very identical manner. However, he arrived at the door at 4 a.m. this time. He assaulted Barbosa with a punch to the face, stole his truck, and fled the scene with two female accomplices and a hammer. Demarest was instructed to get on his knees as Vukovich struck him in the fucking face with a hammer.   Vukovich claimed, “I am an angel of vengeance. “I'm going to administer justice to those you injured.”   Shortly after, the hammer, stolen items, and a notepad with the names of the persons in it were all discovered by police on Vukovich who was hiding in a nearby car. As a result, 18 charges of assault, robbery, burglary, and theft were brought against him. He decidedly took a plea deal.   According to allthatsintersting.com, in 2018, Vukovich was sentenced to 28 years in prison, after which the judge stated that “vigilantism won't be accepted in our society.”   Vukovich has since expressed regret for his actions and urged others in his position not to follow in his footsteps: “I began my life sentence many, many years ago, it was handed down to me by an ignorant, hateful, poor substitute for a father. I now face losing most of the rest of my life due to a decision to lash out at people like him. To all those who have suffered like I have, love yourself and those around you, this is truly the only way forward.”   Gary Plauché   Now I'm pretty sure we all already know this story, but it fits the agenda of what we share.   Jeff Doucet, a 25-year-old karate teacher in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, enjoyed the total confidence of his young pupils and their parents. But on February 19, 1984, when Doucet took Jody Plauché, then 11 years old, for what was intended to be a 15-minute automobile journey, that confidence was horribly betrayed.   When their son didn't come home that day, Gary and June Plauché became quite concerned—and with good reason. Doucet had taken their small boy hostage and was transporting him to the West Coast. Before booking a room at a hotel in Anaheim, California, Doucet shaved his beard and colored Jody's hair to ward off suspicion.   The youngster was repeatedly assaulted there by Doucet until he eventually gave Jody permission to phone his parents. Jody was returned to his family after the police quickly tracked down the call and apprehended Doucet. In the meantime, Gary Plauché, Jody's father, traveled to the Baton Rouge airport to meet Doucet at arrivals and murder him.   Plauché drew a .38 pistol from his boot on March 16, 1984, as soon as he spotted Doucet at the airport. He had been talking to a friend on the other end of a payphone while waiting for Doucet to show up. Even saying, “Look out, he's coming. A shot is soon to be heard. The subsequent gunshot was recorded on tape since television cameras were filming.   Plauché had murdered the abuser of his kid, shooting a hollow-point bullet into Doucet's head from three feet away. Later, he was put on trial for murder, but the judge sitting on the opposing side of the courtroom was lenient. As a result, Plauché was shortly released after receiving a sentence of seven years with a suspended term, five years of probation, and 300 hours of community service.   Jody Plauché, on the other hand, took a while to comprehend all the trauma that had occurred to him at a young age. "I was outraged with what my father did after the incident," Jody said. “I did not want Jeff killed. I felt like he was going to go to jail, and that was enough for me.”   He continued, “But my parents, they didn't force me into recovery. They kind of let me recover at my own pace, and it took a while… but I was able to work through it and eventually accept my dad back in my life.” Jody eventually turned his experience into a book titled Why, Gary, Why?. Tityana Coppage Tityana Coppage is a woman from Kansas City, Missouri. She was known as a strong woman who tried to help and lead her family as a young adult. She was only 21 when she lost her brother – and it wasn't the first loss her family had to come to terms with. Her family was extended to several younger brothers with different last names who she cared for equally and passionately.   The brother she lost was Jayson Ugwuh Jr. He was a 16-year-old high school student who loved basketball and rap. He was a bright, cheerful kid despite knowing personal tragedies from mere years beforehand. He was gunned down in public on January 10 while walking with some of his friends. A car came up, opened fire, and then sped away. What provoked the incident remained a mystery. The only solid fact was that Jayson Jr. was the primary victim. Tityana and Jayson both endured a shocking loss in 2016 when a drive-by shooting claimed the lives of her young brother Jayden Ugwuh and younger cousin Montell Ross.   The boys were just 9 and 8, respectively, at the time of death. Jayson was present for the shooting and held his little brother Jayden as he faded and died from the bullet wounds.   The killer was never found. Tityana was only 16 when the incident occurred, leaving her mentally changed.   A few days before the killing of Lars, Coppage posted a tribute to her brother on Facebook. The post read: “I tried to shield y'all from everything I had to witness as a kid. I supported anything and everything you wanted to do in life. I tried to give you the best so you wouldn't have to look for fake love in the streets,” she wrote in the January 11 post. “I worked hard and long hours to keep a roof over y'all head, nice clothes and shoes on y'all feet refrigerator full of groceries. The streets didn't rise y'all I did this sh*t 10 toes down. I was at those games as much as I could, I was paying for your studio time for your trips no matter the cost. All I wanted is to see you happy finish school and make it to the top. But some how I still failed you. This wasn't you Jayson you was so sweet so quite a honorable young man why didn't you just hear me out I only wanted more time with you that's all.”   The object of Tityana's vengeance was Keith Lars. Just two days after her brother's death and burial, she gathered as much evidence as possible to affirm the identity of her brother's murderer.   She traced him as the car owner that carried the gunman who killed her brother and armed herself before they met. Lars didn't go down quietly.   They exchanged gunfire, but Tityana came alive and left Lars dead in his car in the parking lot in the city's northeast section. Court records state that Lars was found in the back of a Toyota near Virginia Avenue and Admiral Boulevard in Kansas City on January 13, with officers determining that the shooting had occurred close to the 500 block of Benton Boulevard. At that scene, police found 23 shell casings from two types of bullets. 8 were .45 caliber, and 15 were 9mm.   Was Tityana just an ordinary woman pushed beyond the brink to perform such a murderous act?   She had already seen injustice win with the still-unsolved deaths of her young siblings, and she didn't have enough trust in the system to properly avenge her brother's death.   She assumed the guilt of Lars and got in contact with someone called “Auntie” to arm herself with a .45 pistol, saying “I used to many on Bro!”    The fact that multiple gunshots were fired proves she was an amateur with a firearm. Thanks to witnesses who came forward and surveillance footage in the parking lot where the murder took place, authorities quickly identified Coppage. They arrested her for the murder, booking her into Jackson County Jail on a $200,000 bond.   Evidence was quickly collected against Coppage, and she did not deny the charges.   She insisted that she got justice for her dead brother, even going as far as to text his cell phone to assure him that she was sending his killer to him.   At the time, no formal evidence was collected, or investigations were pending towards Lars as the suspect, though he was armed and did drive the same, or very similar, truck seen at Jayson's murder scene. She admitted during questioning that she knew Lars would be in the parking lot when she shot him. However, Tityana initially claimed that the murder was accidental and that she only shot him in self-defense because he fired his weapon at her first. Coppage was spurred toward Lars by members of her community who seemed to indicate a shared but hushed knowledge of events that led to her brother's death.   The police weren't able to corroborate as much in their reporting. So all anyone seemed to know was that Lars may as well have been guilty and could have had his own criminal history.   Therefore, the extended family of the community assisted Coppage's vigilante act she grew up around. Coppage does not deny what she did or why and is charged with second-degree murder, which is murder without premeditation or planning.   By her admission, she fired her gun at the vehicle with Lars in it, but she claimed that he fired first and her weapon was meant for protection.   She was celebratory over his death, particularly over vengeance, meaning she went there assuming he was guilty and was armed to act. Coppage contacted Lars before the meeting to tell him she was coming to ask questions.   She claimed to call him to try and settle differences between him and her father, knowing that if she didn't take action, he absolutely would.   COPPAGE TEXTED HER DECEASED BROTHER AFTER KILLING LARS AS WELL. The message sent to Her brother's phone read: “I owe em that body,” according to an affidavit. This message and the ones sent to “Auntie” led authorities to file murder charges.   Rap artists DaBaby and 42 Dugg made public posts on Instagram voicing solidarity and have reached out to pay $20,000 each of her bond as support.   She is currently awaiting trial.   Jorge Porto-Sierra   Ok, so here we have someone that TECHNICALLY didn't kill anyone, but that wasn't for lack of trying.   When authorities responded to the scene at the Friendly Village Inn & Motel on U.S. Route 192 in Florida in 2018, witnesses recalled seeing Jorge shout, “I'm going to kill you, child molester,” as he drenched the property in gasoline with a cigarette in his hand.  Porto-Sierra then returned to the parking lot and attacked two individuals sitting in their car. After that, he rammed his Ford Focus into their vehicle and poured gasoline into it through an open window. Just as Porto-Sierra was preparing to set the car on fire, police arrived on the scene. He was quickly surrounded and told to surrender.   The 50-year-old Porto-Sierra admitted that he had planned to “barbecue all the child molesters on fire and kill them.” However, when police asked him why he didn't, Porto-Sierra claimed that the police had arrived too fast for him to do so.   Authorities soon discovered that at least two of the men Porto-Sierra targeted were indeed convicted, sex offenders. One man had been standing outside his room when Porto-Sierra leaped out of his car and launched into a tirade, prompting him to rush inside his room.   “They raped kids, they are all child molesters that all live here and deserve to die,” Porto-Sierra later said as he justified his actions to the police. While the Friendly Village Inn & Motel is indeed a popular place for convicted sex offenders (because it's far away from schools and playgrounds), and at least two of Porto-Sierra's targets were known sex offenders, the real-life vigilante still broke the law and thus found himself arrested for his actions.   As of 2020, Porto-Sierra is being held on no bond at the Osceola County Jail and charged with 4 counts of attempted murder.   André Bamberski Andre was born to Polish immigrants in France in the 1930s. He was in the thick of the war that affected him growing up. Later, Andre became a chartered accountant and married Danièle Gonnin, having two kids. However, at the time of the incident, Andre and Danièle were divorced, and the latter was married to Dieter Krombach, a doctor, in Lindau, Germany. Danièle initially told Andre that Dieter believed Kalinka died due to a heat stroke or the effects of a concussion from a few years prior. However, Andre wasn't so sure. Dieter had stated that on the morning of Kalinka's death, he had found her in bed, unresponsive; rigor mortis had already set in. However, Dieter tried to revive her by injecting her with a nervous system stimulant and two other stimulants. But that didn't work, and Kalinka was dead. The autopsy report read by Andre later showed that Kalinka had blood around her torn vagina. Inside, there was a whitish substance that was never tested. Besides injection marks on her arms, Kalinka had undigested food in her stomach. Experts later believed she died from asphyxiation from regurgitating her own food. All of this left Andre with only one theory: Dieter was responsible for the death. Andre believed Dieter raped and then killed Kalinka with an injection, possibly to keep her from talking about it. While the German prosecution closed the case, saying Kalinka died of natural causes, Andre didn't give up, following Dieter across Europe for years to bring him to justice. About a year after Kalinka's death, Andre went to Lindau, handing out fliers accusing Dieter of murder. He was arrested and then fined and sentenced in absentia. However, that didn't stop Andre. He then prodded the French authorities, eventually leading to Kalinka's body's exhumation; she was a French citizen. This time, it was revealed that her genitals had been missing since the autopsy, and there was no trace of them. Andre's work paid off when a French court convicted Dieter in absentia of violence, bringing on death without intention to do so, and sentenced him to 15 years. But with Germany refusing extradition, Dieter essentially remained a free man for many years. Then, in 1997, Dieter was convicted of raping a 16-year-old in his clinic. He received a two-year suspended sentence in addition to his license being revoked. But a couple of years later, Dieter moved around and worked in several clinics by providing a photocopy of his license as proof. Andre didn't give up, even hiring private detectives to find out what Dieter was up to. He said, “All my friends and family, including my father, told me to quit it at this point. They said, ‘You're not going to achieve anything.' But I'm a Slav, you see, and the Slavs are very emotional. I cried all the time when I thought about Kalinka. It was a question for me of moral duty. That was the most important thing: to get the truth.”   While Dieter received a 26-month prison sentence, he was released early, and Andre learned he was back to work yet again. Andre then resolved to bring Dieter to France in any way possible. He was in Bregenz, Austria, hoping to look for more information about Dieter in Scheidegg, Germany. Andre talked about kidnapping Dieter and eventually heard from Anton Krasniqi, who agreed to help him. In October 2009, Dieter was taken from his house by Anton and two other accomplices and left outside a building in Mulhouse, France, paving the way for Dieter's trial. While Dieter's pattern of drugging and raping women came to light, he was sentenced to 15 years behind bars. As for Andre, he admitted to knowing about the kidnapping plot but insisted he wasn't involved in the actual act. In June 2014, he was found guilty of ordering the kidnap and received a one-year suspended sentence. In the end, Andre was happy with the result. He believed that he had kept his promise to Kalinka about giving her justice. Regarding why Dieter would kill Kalinka, Andre said, “Kalinka had asked to move back to Toulouse, and to no longer stay with Krombach. She was about to escape from him: That could have been a motive. But one will never know. One can never know.” Andre quit his full-time job in 1999 to dedicate himself to bringing Dieter to justice. Through it all, he was supported by his partner (also called Danièle) for several years. Now in his 80s, Andre seems to live in Toulouse, France, and enjoying some much-needed time off.   This one is a DOOZY!    Drąsius Kedys was born on September 4, 1972, in Garliava, Lithuania. He and his former girlfriend Laimutė Stankūnaitė had a daughter in February 2004. Stankūnaitė was underage when she gave birth to Kedys' daughter. The couple split in 2006, and the parents got embroiled in a bitter custody battle. His former girlfriend, with the help of Andrius Ūsas, a politician and advisor to the former Speaker of the Seimas Viktoras Muntianas, obtained custody in November 2006. Kedys had visitation rights every other weekend, But later Stankunaite gave up her custody rights, giving them to the father. On November 29, 2008, Kedys submitted a formal complaint to the police, claiming Ūsas paid Stankūnaitė to sexually molest his daughter. In December 2008, Kedys obtained full custody of his daughter with no visitation rights for Stankūnaitė. The courts repeatedly confirmed that Stankūnaitė had no case to answer, thus dismissing Kedys' allegations against his former girlfriend as unsubstantiated. Nevertheless, the pre-trial investigation against Ūsas continued. In February 2009, Kedys further pressed accusations against Violeta Naruševičienė, Stankūnaitė's sister, claiming the former had participated in allowing men to molest her 4-year-old daughter. Finally, in July 2009, Kedys accused Jonas Furmanavičius, a district judge, and an individual known as Aidas of partaking in the molestation. All those people (except for Aidas) professed their innocence and accused Kedys of slander, criminal libel, and death threats. Kedys was frustrated with the apparent lack of progress in official investigations and convinced that the case was being deliberately stonewalled. So, he sent out 200 DVDs to Lithuanian politicians, media outlets, and law-enforcement agencies, featuring homemade video footage of his daughter's explicit testimony against three “uncles.” In addition, he promised to send the subtitled version to Members of the European Parliament. However, many sources criticized Kedys, who acted as the cameraman, for asking his daughter leading questions and heavily editing the film (it contained 50 segments filmed across nine occasions). On October 5, 2009, Furmanavičius and Naruševičienė were shot dead in Kaunas. Kedys became the prime suspect. On the same day, a national search of Kedys was announced, soon followed by an announcement of an international investigation, as he was thought to have left the country shortly after the murders. Kedys' friends Raimundas Ivanauskas and Eglė Barauskaitė were charged with accessory to murder.  The story caused an uproar in Lithuania, with much of the public siding with Kedys. In the public mind, the case was seen as a father's futile attempts to pursue justice and protect his daughter and being driven to desperate measures by anger at the injustice. Others questioned whether the killings were actually commissioned by Kedys himself. On April 17, 2010, at 6:49 a.m., after six months of a police search, a man fishing found Drąsius Kedys' body near Kaunas Reservoir. An autopsy concluded he had died between the evening of April 15 and the morning of the 16th. According to the official report, the cause of death was “choking on vomit” while being heavily intoxicated. However, his relatives were convinced that Kedys was murdered, pointing out wounds on his body. Kedys' relatives demanded a second opinion from independent experts. Finally, in April 2011, a report was received from the Swedish National Forensic Service confirming Kedys had died from alcohol and drug poisoning and that he choked on the contents of his own stomach. The Swedish report differed from the Lithuanian experts in determining “the injuries on the body appeared before his death” and that the “possibility of drowning is not excluded.” On April 24, Kedys was buried in Jonučiai cemetery. According to media reports, 6-10,000 people from across the country attended the ceremony. Ūsas, the main suspect in the pedophilia case, was officially charged with the sexual molestation of a minor. However, he was found drowned in a swamp in June 2010. The death was ruled an accident. Nevertheless, the court case against Ūsas continued, and the court found him innocent in November 2012.   Mirriam Rodriguez   Miriam's 20-year-old daughter mysteriously disappeared in 2012. Her daughter had been kidnapped and subsequently murdered, and several men were perpetrators of the crime. Dissatisfied with the Mexican justice system, Miriam decided to take matters into her own hands. To fool authorities and her daughter's kidnappers, Miriam changed her appearance as best she could and used fake identification to make it more difficult to trace her.  One of Miriam's first “victims” was a member of a Mexican cartel who was implicit in the kidnapping and murder of her daughter. She cornered him, held him at gunpoint, and told him, “If you move, I'll shoot you.” But she was just getting started. She eventually tracked down her daughter's killers one by one all across the country. But unfortunately, her vigilantism led to her ultimate downfall when multiple gunmen managed to kill her outside her home.  Becoming a vigilante against organized criminals is a considerable risk, but it was one that Miriam was willing to take to seek justice for her daughter.   Speaking of people standing up against gangs…   El Salvador's Mara Salvatrucha gang is better known as MS-13. Formed in Los Angeles in the 1980s, many members were deported for vicious crimes. However, several of them continued their criminal activity back home. The gang terrorized a nation plagued by a high poverty rate and a virtually helpless police force — until real-life vigilantes stepped up to help. Spanish for “Black Shadow,” Sombra Negra was first formed around the early 1990s due to El Salvador's authorities being glaringly overpowered by MS-13. Frustrated by the situation, Sombra Negra started targeting gang members for execution — especially MS-13 members. Sombra Negra members come dressed in black with bandanas over their faces. They patrol the streets in unlicensed vehicles and with tinted windows. And one of their primary missions is to capture MS-13 members — and make them “disappear.” As Sombra Negra has grown more powerful over the years, so have the legends of their brutal retribution against the gang members.   From sexual torture to dismemberment, the paramilitary group of vigilantes became more of a death squad than a traditional band of crimefighters. In El Salvador, it seemed that only extreme measures would stop MS-13. “Most of the victims were blindfolded, their hands or thumbs tied behind their backs, and they had received tiros de gracia (a coup de grâce), shots to the base of the skull at close range by weapons such as assault rifles and machine guns,” a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services report said.  From home invasions to sudden killings in the streets, Sombra Negra carries out its mission ruthlessly and describes it as a “social cleansing.” And some authorities are grateful. Even El Salvador's head of National Assembly Guillermo Gallegos has admitted: “Morally I support this type of expression because people are tired of the way of delinquency.” In the end, it's worth noting that many people have mixed feelings about real-life vigilantes. While they may sympathize with their motives in some cases, they may also find some of their choices reckless or unnecessarily dangerous. But there's no question that these vigilantes have left a massive impression on the world — for better or worse.   And there's another set of gang-fighting vigilantes…   Pablo Escobar needs little, if any, introduction. One of the most infamous drug lords in modern history, the Colombian kingpin ran a colossal cocaine empire that saw thousands of people killed. Yet, with corrupt authority figures in his pocket, Escobar's reign appeared resolute — until it wasn't. In the early 1990s, Escobar had two rival cartel members murdered when they visited him in an opulent prison (which he had built for himself). Fidel Castano, the other cartel's boss, was none too pleased. And so he helped form Los Pepes. Short for “Perseguidos por Pablos Escobar,” the paramilitary group welcomed “People Persecuted by Pablo Escobar.” Escobar was marked after he walked out of his prison in July 1992. At this point, even the U.S. government and CIA were aiding Los Pepes in their quest to find the kingpin. But unfortunately, Los Pepes also engaged in bloody bombings against Escobar that killed and injured civilians.   Some of these nearly killed their target, including a car bomb that injured Escobar's daughter. For more than a year, Los Pepes ruthlessly attacked anyone in Escobar's circle — from friends and relatives to public supporters and officials. Finally, it was in 1993 when they closed in on the man himself. After Los Pepes forced Escobar into hiding, Colombian intelligence intercepted a phone call from Escobar to his son. Now confident of his whereabouts, Colombian police and military forces headed for Escobar's newfound hiding place in the neighborhood of Los Olivos — ready for retribution after years of brutal violence in the country.  Whether Los Pepes members played an active role in killing him remains hotly contested, but one thing is sure: Without their vigilant quest to find Escobar, he would likely lead many more to their deaths. Ultimately, he was chased across rooftops and gunned down while on the run.   And lastly, what happens when an ENTIRE TOWN decides a lousy guy needs to die? It didn't take long for Ken McElroy to become the resident “bully” of Skidmore, Missouri. And considering his crimes, the “bully” label was putting things lightly. For years after he dropped out of school, he was accused of everything from theft and arson to child molestation and statutory rape. But despite being indicted 21 times, he dodged convictions at every turn. After McElroy raped a 12-year-old girl, he divorced his wife and married the child when she was 14 to avoid a statutory rape charge. When her parents objected, he shot their dog and burned down their house. And after he shot a farmer in 1976, he somehow produced two witnesses who claimed that McElroy was nowhere near the scene of the crime that day. Ken McElroy was a true terror for Skidmore residents, who wanted him removed immediately. McElroy's downfall was a long time coming, but it truly fell into motion in 1980 after he shot the town's elderly grocer in the neck. Though McElroy was charged with attempted murder and eventually convicted, he appealed the case and was released on bond.   Soon afterward, it seemed the entire town was present at a gathering on July 10, 1981, to discuss Ken McElroy. Though exactly what they said is unclear, there's no question that they decided McElroy had to go. Residents heard that McElroy had gone to the D&G Tavern for a drink. In a prime example of real-life vigilantes in action, the community walked to the bar to confront him. And with no warning, someone began shooting. Some accounts describe up to 50 vigilantes involved in the onslaught. In the end, McElroy was shot multiple times and struck by at least two firearms. He succumbed to the wounds in his truck. No one called an ambulance — or agreed to testify against another person in court. To this day, no one has ever been charged with his death.   Top 10 Vigilante Films https://screenrant.com/best-vigilante-films/

It's back-to-school, season, once again! It's natural for parents to have fears about their children “belonging” and fitting in. But can our children feel comfortable about being in school if we as parents don't feel the same? We are joined by Kalyan Ali Balaven, Head of the Dunn School in Los Olivos, California, who shares his story as a convert and the reasons he chose to embrace the role of an educator. Through his experience raising Muslim kids and students, you will learn how you can overcome your fears in sending your kids to school and better help your kids fit in, feel like they belong, and find the courage to express themselves and their cultural beliefs.

This week on Inside Julia's Kitchen, host Todd Schulkin welcomes winemaker Fabian Bravo of The Brander Vineyard in Los Olivos in the Santa Ynez Valley. They discuss Santa Barbara Sauvignon Blanc and wine produced in the region's seven AVAs, Fabian's path to becoming a winemaker, and Casita de Bravo, the wine label he runs with his wife, Megan. As always, Fabian shares his Julia Moment.Heritage Radio Network is a listener supported nonprofit podcast network. Support Inside Julia's Kitchen by becoming a member!Inside Julia's Kitchen is Powered by Simplecast.

Welcome to The Times of Israel's Daily Briefing, your 15-minute audio update on what's happening in Israel, the Middle East and the Jewish world, from Sunday through Thursday. Political correspondent Tal Schneider and features writer Renee Ghert-Zand join host Amanda Borschel-Dan. Rabbi Shalom Cohen, the influential spiritual leader of the Shas political party, died in Jerusalem this morning at the age of 91. What else do we know about him and his role in the party? We have two primaries coming up tomorrow, in Meretz and in Religious Zionism. Is there a revolution in the offing? Otzma Yehudit MK Itamar Ben Gvir is staging new “statesmanlike campaign” tactics. He's not really known for his level head. What's going on here? Ghert-Zand tells us about the new book "The Prophet of the Andes" by author Graciela Mochkofsky. And finally, we hear about Nazi victim Karel Švenk's "The Last Cyclist," which was rewritten based on survivor memories and recently filmed for television. Discussed articles include: Rabbi Shalom Cohen, spiritual leader of the Shas party, dies at 91 Jerusalem braces for mass crowds, traffic snarls at Shas spiritual leader's funeral How a Catholic-born Peruvian villager led hundreds to Jewish conversion – and Israel A lost comedy cabaret from the Terezin ghetto is reconstructed and finally staged Subscribe to The Times of Israel Daily Briefing on iTunes, Spotify, PlayerFM, Google Play, or wherever you get your podcasts. IMAGE: Inca Jew Iosef Sánchez and his family, Los Olivos, Lima, Peru, 2004 (Courtesy of Graciela Mochkofsky)See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Meghan and her sister Kate go on a very main-character-moment packed girls' trip to Los Olivos, drink lots of wine, and meet a California surfer vibes  cowboy, along with his fluffy baby cows. Plus, an unexpected text comes through. 

Kal Balaven is the Head of School at Dunn School in Los Olivos, California but that's not why we asked him to come on the show. In addition to his other duties as Head of School, Kal is also a podcaster hosting a show called The Whole Student Podcast which offers notable people the chance to share the story of the teachers who influenced them. In this episode, we'll not only hear from Kal about why he started a podcast, but we'll also hear about the teacher who changed his life.

Kathryn and Tug explore the classic varietal of Sémillon. It may not be a grape you hear of as often as, say, Sauvignon Blanc, but it's a big deal in the region of Bordeaux. Kathryn talks about the various styles of Sémillon and where it grows. On the home front, the couple discusses the battle for better sleep and surviving the summer with three kids. Tug gives thanks to Jenna Fischer and the Office Ladies podcast. Kathryn is loving her latest read: Disappearing Earth by Julia Phillips. The Wine of the Week is the Kings Carey, Sémillon, Los Olivos, California.

The first Friday of May is National Sauvignon Blanc Day! We are celebrating here at In Pour Taste with a whole episode dedicated to this versatile grape noted for its herbal flavors and racy acidity, which sound like a perfect pairing for this California sunshine

How do you take your coffee? That's the question winemaker Larry Schaffer of Tercero Wines asks when you visit his Los Olivos, CA tasting room. What's your coffee preference have to do with wine? The Marys were wowed by this! Join us and find out why. Schaffer makes his Tercero Rhone varietal wines in Santa Barbara County's Santa Ynez Valley. He's one of the most straight talking winemakers we've ever met! So pour a glass of wine, and get ready for a fun and entertaining chat, and discover why you need to try Larry's wines.

Al salir del Templo, los discípulos se admiraban de las grandes estructuras del mismo. El Maestro les dice que de todo eso no quedará piedra sobre piedra, que no sea derribada. Los discípulos le preguntaron: "¿Cuándo sucederán estas cosas, y qué señal habrá de tu venida y del fin del mundo?". Este episodio aborda le respuesta de Jesús a la inquietud de sus discípulos. Si deseas conocer más de mis contenidos en formato de Podcast, y de cómo apoyar este ministerio, no dejes de contactarme. Tengo otros dos podcasts: Reflexiones y Poemas, y Audios de Bendición, con el estudio diario de la Biblia. Contacto: Vía WhatsApp: +1 (484) 838 8989 Correo: omarmedina113@me.com Gracias por escuchar. Dios bendice tu vida. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/omar-medina71/support