Podcasts about Los Alamos

INHALT: Vor fast genau 50 Jahren wurde ein Unternehmen gegründet, das heute jeder auf der Welt kennt. Ein gewisser Steve Jobs war es, der in einer Garage in Los Alamos erste Computer zusammenbastelte. Die Rede ist natürlich von APPLE. Wir schauen mal zurück, was damals passierte, in dieser legendären Garage. Und, auch die Satelliten-Navigation wird in diesem Sommer 25 Jahre alt VERSCHLAGWORTUNG: 50 Jahre APPLE 25 Jahre GPS DNA Speicher Murphy´s Gesetz GEMA INFO / FOLGENDE MUSIKTITEL WERDEN IN DIESER SENDUNG GESPIELT Bryan Adams - Summer of 69 Nancy Sinatra & Lee Hazlewood - Summer Wine Paso Doble - Computerliebe Spider Murphy Gang - Mit'n Frosch im Hois und Schwammerl in de Knia Boney M - Brown Girl in the Ring Nancy Sinatra - These Boots Are Made For Walkin' Gruß und vy 73, Rainer Englert (DF2NU)

Armed with outdated biplanes made of fabric and wood, teenage Soviet girls flew 30,000 bombing raids in complete darkness, becoming so feared that German soldiers wouldn't even light cigarettes at night.Join the DARKNESS SYNDICATE: https://weirddarkness.com/syndicateTake the WEIRD DARKNESS LISTENER SURVEY and help mold the future of the podcast: https://weirddarkness.com/surveyIN THIS EPISODE: During World War II, a squadron of crop duster-style planes flown by Soviet female pilots were used as bombers to terrorize Nazi troops. They were so terrifying to the enemy they earned the nickname “Night Witches.” (The Night Witches) *** The jackalope is a mythical animal – so why do so many people claim to have seen it, even in modern times? (Horned Hares) *** There are places all over the world even today where, during a wedding ceremony, you might hear the reverend say the words, “Do you take this corpse to be your lawfully wedded husband?” (Beyond the Grave Nuptials) *** An old grudge between a detective and a reporter led to one of the strangest—and most damning—fake news stories of all-time. A story that nearly ruined Lizzie Borden. (The Lizzy Borden Newspaper Hoax) *** In 1948, sightings of mysterious green lights in the skies of Los Alamos, New Mexico and the Sandia atomic-weapons laboratories and other sensitive military installations had the U.S. Government extremely worried. That means they the green balls of fire weren't from America – so what were they? (UFO's and Green Fireballs)ABOUT WEIRD DARKNESS: Weird Darkness is a true crime and paranormal podcast narrated by professional award-winning voice actor, Darren Marlar. Seven days per week, Weird Darkness focuses on all thing strange and macabre such as haunted locations, unsolved mysteries, true ghost stories, supernatural manifestations, urban legends, unsolved or cold case murders, conspiracy theories, and more. On Thursdays, this scary stories podcast features horror fiction along with the occasional creepypasta. Weird Darkness has been named one of the “Best 20 Storytellers in Podcasting” by Podcast Business Journal. Listeners have described the show as a cross between “Coast to Coast” with Art Bell, “The Twilight Zone” with Rod Serling, “Unsolved Mysteries” with Robert Stack, and “In Search Of” with Leonard Nimoy.DISCLAIMER: Ads heard during the podcast that are not in my voice are placed by third party agencies outside of my control and should not imply an endorsement by Weird Darkness or myself. *** Stories and content in Weird Darkness can be disturbing for some listeners and intended for mature audiences only. Parental discretion is strongly advised.CHAPTERS & TIME STAMPS (All Times Approximate)…00:00:00.000 = Lead-In00:01:10.087 = Show Open00:03:11.728 = The Night Witches00:13:58.669 = The Lizzie Borden Newspaper Hoax00:26:26.839 = UFOs And Green Fireballs00:36:08.840 = Horned Hares00:42:14.836 = Beyond The Grave Nuptials00:50:57.068 = Show Close SOURCES AND RESOURCES FROM THE EPISODE…“The Lizzy Borden Newspaper Hoax” by Dean Jobb for Crime Reads: https://tinyurl.com/yd9fvzes“Horned Hares” by Ellen Lloyd for Ancient Pages: https://tinyurl.com/ycarwu4d“The Night Witches” from Bugged Space: https://tinyurl.com/ybthkflf“Beyond the Grave Nuptials” by Lisa A. Flowers for Ranker: https://tinyurl.com/y7bevukf“UFO's and Green Fireballs” by Darryn King for History: https://tinyurl.com/y9eht7bk=====(Over time links may become invalid, disappear, or have different content. I always make sure to give authors credit for the material I use whenever possible. If I somehow overlooked doing so for a story, or if a credit is incorrect, please let me know and I will rectify it in these show notes immediately. Some links included above may benefit me financially through qualifying purchases.)= = = = ="I have come into the world as a light, so that no one who believes in me should stay in darkness." — John 12:46= = = = =WeirdDarkness® is a registered trademark. Copyright ©2025, Weird Darkness.=====Originally aired: June 10, 2020NOTE: Some of this content may have been created with assistance from AI tools, but it has been reviewed, edited, narrated, produced, and approved by Darren Marlar, creator and host of Weird Darkness — who, despite popular conspiracy theories, is NOT an AI voice.EPISODE PAGE at WeirdDarkness.com (includes list of sources): https://weirddarkness.com/NightWitches#NightWitches #SovietFemalePilots #588thNightBomberRegiment #WomenInWW2 #MarinaRaskova #WorldWar2Women #FemaleBomberPilots #SovietAirForces #PolikarpovPo2 #WomenPilotsWW2 #SovietWomenWarriors #WW2History #FemaleMilitaryAviators #46thGuardsRegiment #TamanGuards #SovietUnionWW2 #WomenInCombat #FemaleWarHeroes #WW2Bombers #SovietPilots #NaziGermany #EasternFrontWW2 #WomensHistory #MilitaryAviationHistory #WW2Aircraft #SovietHeroes #FemaleSquadron #WW2BombingRaids #RussianWomenPilots #CombatAviation #WorldWarIIStories #ForgottenHeroesWW2 #WomenWarriorsHistory #SovietMilitaryWomen #AerialWarfareWW2 #NightBombingTactics #FemaleFighterPilots #MilitaryHistory #UntoldWW2Stories #HeroesOfSovietUnion #WomensMilitaryService #AviationHistory #WW2EasternFront #WomenBreakingBarriers #FemaleVeteransWW2 #WarHeroines #HistoryMatters

What the if there was a nuclear reactor on the moon? NASA wants to launch a 100-kilowatt nuclear reactor to the lunar surface before 2030, powerful enough to run about 80 households. From the terrifying "tickling the dragon's tail" experiments at Los Alamos where scientists held uranium chunks apart with just a screwdriver, to the reality that plutonium feels "like holding a rabbit" when you touch it, explore how chain reactions work and why control rods keep reactors from exploding. Because nothing says "home sweet home" like splitting atoms 240,000 miles from Earth. Based on "NASA Is Getting Fired Up About a Nuclear Reactor on the Moon" by Kenneth Chang, published in The New York Times on Aug. 6, 2025 https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/06/science/nasa-nuclear-reactor-moon.html?unlocked_article_code=1.ck8.Dvm_.ld6cKROnhA6r&smid=url-share --- Find out more about Gaby's science fiction short story! Here are the links for the anthology. The physical copy can be ordered here : https://www.neonhemlock.com/books/luminescent-machinations-queer-tales-of-monumental-invention The ebook can be ordered here: https://www.neonhemlock.com/ebooks/luminescent-machinations-queer-tales-of-monumental-invention

This is a terribly sad anniversary, in any way you perceive it – especially for people of any faith tradition, like myself. We're replaying an episode from 2023 recorded on the occasion of the Academy Award-winning movie, “Oppenheimer”. It features my son-in-law, Dylan Cuellar, who was born and grew up in New Mexico, near Los Alamos, where the first several nuclear bombs were invented. Also, my daughter Kassia, Dylan's wife, who had a rare opportunity to explore the original Trinity test site, where the first bomb test occurred. It seems more relevant now. The facts: on the morning of AUGUST 6, 1945, the U.S. dropped the first fission uranium atom bomb from a US-made B-29 on Hiroshima in Japan. It killed 85,000+ people almost instantly. 150,000+ would die weeks and months later from radiation sickness. 98% of the deaths were civilians and not uniformed soldiers. In fairness, radiation sickness was not understood by either the U.S. physicists who built the bomb or the supervising generals at the time. A second plutonium bomb was dropped on Nagasaki 3 days later, with similar, catastrophic results. FDR died only weeks before the Nazi Germany surrender. Vice President HARRY TRUMAN hurriedly became the new President, knowing very little of the top-secret investments – like the atom bomb – that were in the works. Unlike FDR, Truman was a religious man, a life-long practicing Baptist. When eventually presented with these previously unknown facts, he faced a terrible choice between his own Christian faith and what most of his advisors believed was necessary to finally end the 7 year war that had already killed 55 million people (conservatively). His choice was controversial then – as it is now. The reality was the Japanese DID FINALLY SURRENDER only days after the 2 nuclear bombs were dropped on their cities. But - was it really worth the terrible body count? Although - on the other hand - how many more would have died on both sides if the Allies had staged a D-Day style amphibious invasion of Japan, as was planned? Casualty estimates for everyone were much, much worse in that scenario. When Truman did his nightly prayers to God, as he did for 50+ years, what did God say to him? Or, did he say anything at all? A soul-crushing, lose-lose choice no single person should ever have to make....but it was done… It's not up to your Scandal Sheet friends to tell you what's what. Just to present facts that are available to us. You guys call it yourself. I think we all agree that we appreciate that horrible war ended and, while there have been other wars on the planet since, none have reached the size and scale of WW2. Let us know you thoughts at scandalsheetpod@gmail.com.

EP 254. In this week's update:Despite back-to-back data breaches and legal blowback, women are still queuing up by the millions for Tea.  This is one hot dating app that's apparently more viral than secure.North Korean IT operatives are clocking into remote jobs worldwide. Fueled by GenAI and fake identities in what CrowdStrike calls a daily cybersecurity crisis.A British luggage startup managed to lose more than just bags. Airportr briefly exposed diplomatic travel data and full backend access to anyone with a browser and curiosity.According to Veracode, nearly half of all AI-generated code is insecure. And that should leave you feeling insecure, especially if your code reviews have been neglectedMicrosoft confirmed Chinese engineers have long supported the same SharePoint software recently hacked by Beijing.  The breach hit hundreds of U.S. institutions—including nuclear and homeland security.Russian state hackers tricked foreign embassies into installing fake updates from “Kaspersky.”  The malware came with a rogue root certificate—and full surveillance capabilities.Signal's president warned it might pull out of Australia over demands to weaken encryption. The country's privacy pushback continues—and secure apps are packing their bags.Los Alamos is pouring resources into AI research—because in 2025, the most powerful weapon might be a large language model, rather than a missile.Finish that cuppa, we have a lot to cover!Find the full transcript to this podcast here.

Vor genau 80 Jahren zerstörte eine amerikanische Atombobe die japanische Stadt Hiroshima fast vollständig. Die Überlebenden sind heute im Schnitt 86 Jahre alt. Sie werden den jüngeren Generationen nicht mehr lange aus erster Hand davon erzählen können. KI und Ersatz-Zeitzeugen sollen helfen. Wie, das hat Asienkorrespondent Martin Kölling sich vor Ort angeschaut. Gast: Martin Kölling, NZZ-Asienkorrespondent Host: Sarah Ziegler Martins Reportage aus Hiroshima findest du in der [NZZ](https://www.nzz.ch/international/80-jahre-hiroshima-japan-haelt-die-erinnerung-an-die-atombombe-wach-ld.1895924). Im Juli haben wir in [NZZ Akzent](https://www.nzz.ch/podcast/in-der-geheimstadt-los-alamos-wurde-die-erste-atombombe-entwickelt-mit-dem-historischen-erbe-wird-aber-nicht-allzu-kritisch-umgegangen-ld.1893149) über den ersten Atombombentest der Welt gesprochen. US-Korrespondentin Marie-Astrid Langer war in Los Alamos zu Besuch, der Geburtsstadt der Bombe. In der japanischen Politik wird auf einmal wieder über eine atomare Bewaffnung geredet, trotz der Erfahrungen des Landes. Das hat vor allem mit einer jungen, nationalistischen Partei zu tun, die wir uns auch im [NZZ Akzent](https://www.nzz.ch/podcast/hat-japan-jetzt-auch-einen-donald-trump-ld.1895701) mal genauer angeschaut haben.

Send us a textNote: Audio Only, See YouTube For Full Video Step back in time with me as we explore the ancient wonders of Tsankawi at Bandelier National Monument. This remarkable archaeological site offers a rare window into the lives of ancestral Puebloan people who made these cliffside dwellings their home centuries ago.Walking through what was once a bustling central plaza, I discovered pottery fragments scattered across rocks—tangible connections to those who lived here long before us. As tradition dictates, these artifacts remain undisturbed where they were found, preserving both archaeological integrity and respecting native beliefs that removing such items means taking ancestral spirits with you.The cave dwellings themselves tell fascinating stories of ingenuity and adaptation. Natural cavities in the cliff face were skillfully enlarged and enhanced with smoke-blackened ceilings and plaster walls for insulation and strength. Imagine climbing ladders as your daily commute, moving between different levels of these vertical neighborhoods! From inside these ancient homes, perfect viewing portals frame distant landscapes, including snow-capped mountains—the same views enjoyed by residents hundreds of years ago.Perhaps most moving are the petroglyphs etched into stone surfaces throughout the site. Spirals, directional markers, human figures, and handprints speak across time, though their exact meanings remain mysterious. When my hand perfectly matched an ancient handprint carved into rock, I felt an intimate connection spanning centuries—two humans touching across time.Whether you're fascinated by archaeology, indigenous culture, or simply appreciate breathtaking landscapes with rich histories, Senkawi offers something truly special. Join me on this journey through time, and remember to respect and protect these precious sites so future generations can experience the same wonder. Have you visited any ancient dwellings? I'd love to hear about your experiences in the comments below!Support the show

This is a terribly sad anniversary, in any way you perceive it – especially for people of any faith tradition, like myself. We're replaying an episode from 2023 recorded on the occasion of the Academy Award-winning movie, “Oppenheimer”. It features my son-in-law, Dylan Cuellar, who was born and grew up in New Mexico, near Los Alamos, where the first several nuclear bombs were invented. Also, my daughter Kassia, Dylan's wife, who had a rare opportunity to explore the original Trinity test site, where the first bomb test occurred. It seems more relevant now. The facts: on the morning of August 6, 1945 the U.S. dropped the first fission uranium atom bomb from a US-made B-29 on Hiroshima in Japan. It killed 85,000+ people almost instantly. 150,000+ would die weeks and months later from radiation sickness. 98% of the deaths were civilians and not uniformed soldiers. In fairness, radiation sickness was not understood by either the U.S. physicists who built the bomb or the supervising generals at the time. A second plutonium bomb was dropped on Nagasaki 3 days later, with similar, catastrophic results. FDR died only weeks before the Nazi Germany surrender. Vice President HARRY TRUMAN hurriedly became the new President, knowing very little of the top-secret investments – like the atom bomb – that were in the works. Unlike FDR, Truman was a religious man, a life-long practicing Baptist. When eventually presented with these previously unknown facts, he faced a terrible choice between his own Christian faith and what most of his advisors believed was necessary to finally end the 7 year war that had already killed 55 million people (conservatively). His choice was controversial then – as it is now. The reality was the Japanese DID FINALLY SURRENDER only days after the 2 nuclear bombs were dropped on their cities. But - was it really worth the terrible body count? Although - on the other hand - how many more would have died on both sides if the Allies had staged a D-Day style amphibious invasion of Japan, as was planned? Casualty estimates for everyone were much, much worse in that scenario. When Truman did his nightly prayers to God, as he did for 50+ years, what did God say to him? Or, did he say anything at all? A soul-crushing, lose-lose choice no single person should ever have to make....but it was done… It's not up to your Scandal Sheet friends to tell you what's what. Just to present facts that are available to us. You guys call it yourself. I think we all agree that we appreciate that horrible war ended and, while there have been other wars on the planet since, none have reached the size and scale of WW2. Let us know you thoughts at scandalsheetpod.com.

Last time we spoke about Operation Downfall. The Allies, under General Krueger, initiated a decisive campaign to clear the Japanese from Luzon. As they faced the entrenched Shobu Group, challenges included treacherous terrain and a resilient enemy. Simultaneously, Japan braced for an invasion, mobilizing reinforcements and devising defensive strategies to ward off the impending Allied assault. As July approached, General Yamashita's forces prepared to execute a final breakout, but progress was hampered by relentless guerrilla attacks and adverse weather conditions. With Operation Downfall looming, Allied troops focused on strategic landings in Kyushu and Honshu, driven by a relentless determination to defeat the Japanese militarily. The intense battles of Luzon became a precursor to this monumental operation, marking a turning point in the Pacific War.  This episode is The Siege of Japan Welcome to the Pacific War Podcast Week by Week, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about world war two? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on world war two and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel you can find a few videos all the way from the Opium Wars of the 1800's until the end of the Pacific War in 1945.  Boy I have been waiting a long time to come to this point. One of the most significant events in human history that deeply affects us to this very day. Nuclear war is as much a threat today as it was during the cold war. The dropping of the Atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were deeply complicated events fraught with issues of morality. It goes without saying whether or not the bombs needed to be dropped, their actual impact on the surrender of Japan and so forth are still issues hotly debated to this very day. I have spoken on the issue countless times on my personal channel and podcast, but I figure to do this subject justice I will create a full episode for it. Thus in this episode we are going to just cover what happened, but rest assured I will come back to this later on. As we last explored, following the successful invasion of Luzon in the Philippines, along with the fall of Iwo Jima and Okinawa, American forces began preparing for the final invasion of the Japanese Home Islands. This operation was codenamed Operation Downfall. One key initiative leading up to this invasion was a comprehensive air-sea blockade and bombardment campaign against Japan itself. Previously, we detailed the extensive firebombing and precision bombing efforts executed by General LeMay's 21st Bomber Command. However, during this crucial period, the B-29 Superfortress bombers undertook a distinct operation under the codename Starvation. This single operation would be one of the largest factors that contributed to the surrender of Japan and its one most people have never heard of. In July 1944, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz proposed a bold plan to use B-29 Superfortress bombers to mine the waterways surrounding the Japanese Home Islands. Although Generals Henry H. Arnold and Walter Hansell expressed concerns that this mining campaign could distract from the B-29's primary role as a strategic bombardment aircraft, they eventually agreed to assign one bomber group to focus on aerial mining when conditions permitted. On December 22, Hansell's 21st Bomber Command was directed to formulate a naval mining program aimed at executing between 150 to 200 sorties each month, which was set to begin in April 1945. However, by this time, General Curtis LeMay had taken command of the 21st Bomber Command. LeMay was notably enthusiastic about the idea and successfully recommended to Washington an upgraded mining program that aimed to deploy up to 1,500 mines each month using a full B-29 wing. LeMay viewed aerial mining in a different light than Arnold or Hansell, seeing it as a vital extension of strategic bombing. He recognized that most of Japan's war production materials, as well as a significant portion of its food supplies, were imported from regions such as China, Southeast Asia, and the Dutch East Indies. Japan's industrial heartland is primarily found on Honshu, its largest and most industrialized island, while Shikoku, another island, also lacks essential resources such as iron ore and high-quality coal. These crucial materials were sourced from Kyushu and Hokkaido, both of which are other Japanese islands. All these resources were transported by sea, so without easy access to raw materials, Japan's industrial output would come to a grinding halt. The only aircraft capable of deploying mines effectively where they were needed were the B-29s. Areas such as the Inland Sea, the Sea of Japan, and the Korean Peninsula were out of reach for other Allied aircraft. Additionally, Allied submarines could only venture into these perilous waters with great risk. Notably, about 80% of Japan's merchant fleet utilized the Shimonoseki Strait, a critical waterway that separates Kyushu from Honshu. Understanding the strategic advantage of closing this strait, LeMay decided to allocate an entire wing of B-29s specifically to mine this vital route. Brigadier General John Davies commanded the 313th Bombardment Wing, tasked with deploying approximately 2,000 naval mines each month into Japanese waters. The primary goals of this operation were to prevent essential raw materials and food supplies from reaching the Home Islands, hinder the supply and mobilization of Japanese military forces, and disrupt transportation routes in the Inland Sea of Japan. Between March 27 and April 12, Davies' bombers targeted key enemy shipping bases located in Kure, Sasebo, and Hiroshima. They also focused on the Shimonoseki Strait, a narrow and strategically important waterway that links the Inland Sea with the Tsushima Strait. Notably, after these attacks, this strait was successfully closed for two weeks. On May 3 and 5, the 313th Bombardment Wing laid down a total of 1,422 mines in the waters surrounding the Shimonoseki Strait, as well as near major urban centers like Tokyo, Nagoya, Kobe, and Osaka. These efforts aimed to severely disrupt maritime commerce between Japan's major industrial areas. Just a week later, the minefields expanded from the Shimonoseki Strait to include Kyushu, the southernmost of Japan's four main islands, and northwest Honshu, the largest island containing Tokyo. By the end of that month, these mines were proving remarkably effective, accounting for the sinking of more ships than Japanese submarines. In fact, within the Shimonoseki Strait alone, 113 ships had been sunk. Between June 7 and July 8, American forces expanded and fortified minefields along the western coast of Japan while also replenishing the existing minefields in the Shimonoseki Strait and the Inland Sea. During this effort, they successfully laid a total of 3,542 mines across 14 missions. The "total blockade" officially commenced on July 9 and continued until the end of the war. Throughout this period, American forces executed 474 sorties, dropping another 3,746 mines that replenished existing minefields and extended coverage to harbors in Korea. In total, Brigadier General Davies conducted 46 missions that laid down 26 minefields containing 12,135 mines. Remarkably, only 15 B-29s were lost during these operations. In turn, the mines accounted for the sinking or damaging of 670 Japanese ships, with a total loss of 1.25 million tons. This mining campaign effectively strangled Japanese industry, as the denial of essential raw materials to factories proved more disruptive than the direct bombing of the plants themselves.  Despite the clear vulnerability of Japan's economy to disruptions in coastal shipping, Japanese authorities were alarmingly unprepared to address the threat posed by air-dropped mines. By August 1945, Japan had committed 349 ships and 20,000 personnel to counter the Starvation campaign, but these efforts were overwhelmingly ineffective. The shipping crisis escalated to such a degree that searchlights and anti-aircraft batteries were redeployed from urban centers to defend expected mining targets. Additionally, suicide boats were employed in desperate attempts to clear the minefields. Royal Navy historian S.W. Roskill commented on the situation, stating, “The blockade had, in fact, been far more successful than we realized at the time. Although submarines initially played a critical role in enforcing the blockade, it was the air-laid mines that ultimately strangled Japan.” Japanese officials shared this assessment. A director from a Tokyo steel company reflected on the situation, noting that the denial of essential raw materials to factories caused far greater disruption than the direct bombing of the plants themselves. This contradicted the views of US Army Air Forces experts back in Washington. In a striking remark after the war, a Japanese minesweeping officer told American forces, “The result of B-29 mining was so effective against shipping that it eventually starved the country. You could have likely shortened the war by starting this campaign earlier.” Meanwhile, General LeMay continued his firebombing campaign against Japan. By the end of May, urban areas around Tokyo Bay had been devastated, prompting the 21st Bomber Command to shift focus westward toward the densely populated industrial complexes lining Osaka Bay. On June 1, 521 B-29s were dispatched to bomb industrial targets situated along the Yodo River, with an escort of 148 P-51 fighters. Unfortunately, an undetected thunderstorm struck en route, which meant only 27 P-51s reached Osaka, while another 27 crashed, and the remaining fighters had to return to Iwo Jima. Despite these complications, the B-29s bombed from altitudes ranging between 18,000 and 28,500 feet, successfully dropping 2,788 tons of incendiary bombs on Osaka. The attack resulted in the burning of 3.15 square miles, destroying 136,107 houses and 4,222 factories. Four days later, on June 3, 530 unescorted B-29 Superfortresses launched a bombing raid on the city of Kobe. Of those, 473 aircraft targeted the city, resulting in the destruction of 4.35 square miles. This devastating strike led to the demolition of 51,399 buildings, while another 928 suffered significant damage. The raid, however, came with losses, as 11 bombers were downed, and 176 were damaged in the operation. On June 7, 449 B-29s returned to Osaka. Despite facing heavy cloud cover that restricted visibility, they managed to burn an additional 2.21 square miles of the city, destroying another 55,333 buildings.  By the conclusion of General Curtis LeMay's maximum-effort area bombing campaign, the six most significant industrial cities in Japan, Tokyo, Nagoya, Kobe, Osaka, Yokohama, and Kawasaki, had been left in ruins. Major factories were either destroyed or severely damaged, while thousands of smaller household and feeder industrial units were consumed by flames. Casualty figures surged into six figures, leaving millions of people homeless. The evacuation of survivors further complicated efforts to secure labor for the factories that remained operational. Japan's air-raid protection system proved woefully inadequate to withstand a protracted siege by very heavy bombers. The system lacked sufficient organization, trained personnel, shelters, fire-fighting equipment, and facilities for relief and evacuation. Additionally, there was a significant deficiency in civilian indoctrination regarding emergency procedures. Under the relentless pressure of repeated major attacks, local Air Raid Precaution organizations collapsed, adding strain to an already overburdened imperial government. Japanese civilians, who had been conditioned by victory propaganda, displayed little of the discipline that helped German citizens endure years of aerial bombardment. As news of military defeats and the impact of B-29 precision strikes filtered into the great cities, residents began to lose confidence in their leaders' ability to protect them or care for the victims of the attacks. Abe Motoki, the Minister of Home Affairs at the time, later remarked, “I believe that after the raids on Tokyo on May 23-24, 1945, civilian defense measures in that city, as well as in other parts of Japan, were considered a futile effort.” Regarding the operational cost of this campaign for the 21st Bomber Command, it was not considered excessively burdensome. Over the course of 17 maximum-effort incendiary attacks, LeMay dispatched a total of 6,960 B-29s, which dropped 41,592 tons of bombs. The losses amounted to 136 B-29s, averaging only 1.9% of the sorties, a rate significantly lower than what had been endured in earlier months, and quite acceptable by the standards of conventional strategic bombing. Meteorologists predicted that the summer monsoon would keep Japan's skies covered with clouds for most of the upcoming months, from June to August. As a result, LeMay shifted strategies under what became known as the Empire Plan. This approach prioritized targeting industrial and military sites during daylight hours when the weather permitted, while secondary cities that had sufficient industrial capability became targets for nighttime area attacks. This change meant that since no single target warranted a full four-wing maximum effort, multiple missions could be scheduled in a single day. Accordingly, on June 9, 110 B-29s attacked three aircraft factories located in Narao, Atsuta, and Akashi. The strikes successfully destroyed the factories in Narao and Atsuta, but an unfortunate miscalculation led to the bombing of the town near Akashi. The following day, June 10, a force of 280 B-29s, escorted by 107 P-51 Mustang fighters, targeted six distinct sites in the Tokyo Bay area. The mission yielded significant results, with all targets sustaining heavy damage. Finally, on June 15, 516 B-29s were dispatched for one last firebombing raid against Osaka and the neighboring city of Amagasaki. In this combined assault, 444 bombers dropped over 1,350 tons of incendiary bombs, incinerating an additional 1.9 square miles in Osaka and more than half a square mile in Amagasaki. Starting on June 17, General Curtis LeMay's firebombing campaigns began to focus on medium-sized secondary cities across Japan. On that day, 477 B-29 Superfortresses targeted the cities of Omuta, Hamamatsu, Yokkaichi, and Kagoshima, burning a combined total of six square miles in these urban areas. The success of this initial multi-target mission ensured the continuation of the program, establishing an operational pattern that would remain standard during the final weeks of the war. In total, multiple incendiary attacks were conducted on sixteen occasions, averaging about two missions per week. Between June 17 and August 14, American forces carried out 8,014 sorties, dropping a staggering 54,184 tons of incendiaries across 58 secondary cities. On June 22, 446 B-29s were dispatched to strike six targets located in southern Honshu, including the crucial Kure Naval Arsenal. In this mission, 382 bombers released 2,103 tons of bombs, inflicting heavy damage to these essential manufacturing facilities. Just four days later, on June 26, a force of 510 B-29s, accompanied by 148 P-51 Mustang escorts, targeted locations in southern Honshu and the nearby island of Shikoku. However, dense clouds over much of the area complicated assembly and forced many aircraft to attack targets of opportunity individually or in small groups. As a result, adverse weather conditions would delay subsequent daytime raids until July 24.  In the coordinated strike program that commenced in June, the decision to focus on either the Empire Plan or urban industrial targets was largely influenced by weather conditions. As the program took shape, the 315th Bombardment Wing (VH) became available for combat operations. This wing operated somewhat independently from the other bomber units, with its activities significantly guided by the specialized equipment of its aircraft. Authorized for deployment in the Pacific in December 1944, the 315th settled at Northwest Field, Guam, during May and June. Its commander, Brigadier General Frank A. Armstrong, Jr., was a seasoned veteran of the strategic air offensive against Germany. The B-29s of the 315th Wing differed in two key respects from those of other units. They were equipped with the AN/APQ-7 (Eagle) radar, a sophisticated radar system designed for bombing, instead of the conventional AN/APQ-13 radar. The latter had primarily served as a navigational aid. While crews had become adept at using the AN/APQ-13 for night or poor-weather bombing, it lacked the precision necessary for accurate strikes. The Eagle radar, however, offered significantly greater definition and, although it required a long bomb run averaging seventy miles, this was not considered a serious hindrance in the tactical context of Japan. To further enhance its night-bombing capabilities, the Superfortresses had been stripped of all armament except for the tail gun. This modification, along with the Eagle radar, clearly marked the 315th as a dedicated night-bombing unit. There were various proposals for the use of these specially equipped B-29s, including high-altitude bombing, area bombing, and aerial mining. However, by the time the 315th Wing was ready for combat, the 313th Bombardment Wing had already gained proficiency in aerial mining, while all wings had become adept at area bombing using the AN/APQ-13. Training for the 315th had focused heavily on night radar tactics, with less emphasis on visual bombing and daytime formation flights. It was evident that if the Eagle radar was to undergo a thorough scientific evaluation, it should be tested against a specific set of targets that were preferably large in size and located along the coastline. In the view of the 21st Bomber Command, the oil industry met these requirements perfectly. The 315th Bombardment Wing initiated its specialized campaign on June 26 with a targeted strike against the Utsube Oil Refinery in Yokkaichi, the top-priority target. By August 14, the wing had conducted 15 additional missions against a total of 10 targets, which included various petroleum refineries and synthetic plants, such as the Maruzen Oil Company in Wakayama, Mitsubishi Oil Company in Kawasaki, and Nippon Oil Company plants spread across Akita, Kansai, Kudamatsu, and Amagasaki, as well as the Imperial Fuel Industry Company in Ube and Toa Fuel Industry in Wakayama. During the campaign, the 315th Wing dispatched a total of 1,200 B-29s, 1,095 of which successfully bombed their primary targets, dropping 9,084 tons of 500-pound general-purpose bombs deemed particularly effective against the scattered installations. The increase in bomb load capacity was made possible by stripping the planes of unnecessary equipment and conducting bombing missions individually at night. As the crews gained experience, they were able to increase the average weight carried from 14,631 pounds during the first mission to 20,684 pounds by August 9. Despite concerns about safety from removing most of the aircraft's armaments, only four planes were lost and 66 sustained damage throughout the campaign. The 20th Air Force estimated that the B-29 attacks led to the destruction of approximately 6 million barrels of tank storage capacity, and the United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS) reported that refining capacity had been reduced from 90,000 barrels a day in December 1941 to around 17,000 barrels. However, the strategic impact was more apparent than real, as many storage tanks were empty and refinery production had fallen to just 4% of capacity before the very heavy bomber campaign began. The lack of precise intelligence regarding the state of Japan's economy had justified the emphasis on the oil program as a form of reinsurance. Nevertheless, the blockade had effectively severed the nation's oil resources, resulting in tankers remaining idle at the docks. On July 1, Admiral Halsey's 3rd Fleet departed San Pedro Bay to initiate the first preliminary strikes in preparation for Operation Olympic. This operation involved battleships and heavy cruisers conducting surface bombardments of industrial targets in eastern Japan, while lighter forces performed anti-shipping sweeps along the coast. Additionally, a fleet of submarines advanced ahead of Admiral McCain's Task Force 38 to eliminate picket boats and establish lifeguard positions. At 18:15 on July 9, the force began its 25-knot approach toward the Home Islands, launching its first strikes against the Tokyo area at 04:00 on July 10. A total of 1,732 sorties were executed, targeting locations from Koriyama to Hamamatsu, dropping 454 tons of bombs and 1,648 rockets over Honshu with negligible opposition. American airmen reported the destruction of 109 enemy aircraft and damage to 231 during these strikes.   Following this, Halsey's fleet moved north to bombard Hokkaido and northern Honshu, which were beyond the effective range of the B-29s and had previously evaded attack. At 05:59 on July 14, Rear-Admiral John Shafroth's Bombardment Group Able, consisting primarily of three battleships and two heavy cruisers, was tasked with attacking the Kamaishi Works of the Japan Iron Company. By midday, Shafroth's forces had opened fire on Kamaishi, marking the first surface bombardment of Japan by a hostile fleet in over 80 years. Between 12:10 and 14:19, a total of 802 16-inch shells, 728 8-inch shells, and 825 5-inch shells were expended, setting the town ablaze as key industrial and residential targets were hit and resulting in the sinking of one oil tanker, two barges, and one small ship in the harbor. Simultaneously, McCain's carriers closed to within 80 nautical miles of Japan, launching 1,391 sorties against Hokkaido and northern Honshu to target railways, shipping, and airfields, again facing only light resistance. In the ensuing strikes, American planes sank over 50,000 tons of shipping and naval craft, including the destroyer Tachibana, four minesweepers, eight naval auxiliaries, and around 20 merchant vessels, with significant losses occurring at Muroran and Hakodate. In addition, 25 enemy planes were destroyed, while American losses totaled 24 aircraft and 17 airmen, about half of whom were lost in combat. Task Force 38 launched another assault on July 15, executing 966 combat sorties that dropped 355 tons of bombs and expended 2,093 rockets. This operation resulted in the sinking of 65 vessels and damaging 128 others, as well as the destruction of 48 locomotives and damage to 28. Widespread destruction was inflicted on several facilities, particularly the Aomori–Hakodate railcar ferry system, which transported 30% of the coal between Hokkaido and Honshu. The strikes devastated the ferry system, sinking eight ferries, beaching eight more, and damaging two. In total, 70 auxiliary sailing colliers were sunk, and 11 were damaged, along with 10 steel freighters lost and 7 damaged. The ferry strikes were the brainchild of Halsey's operations officer, Captain Ralph “Rollo” Wilson. “When the first action reports began to sift in,” Halsey related: He snatched them up and pored over them; the ferries were not mentioned. Later reports also ignored them. Rollo was sulking and cursing when the final reports arrived. I heard him whistle and saw him beam. “Six ferries sunk!” he said. “Pretty soon we'll have ‘em moving their stuff by oxcarts and skiffs!”  Additionally, 20 city blocks in Kushiro were razed. The most significant outcome of these operations was the virtual severance of Hokkaido from Honshu. By the end of the raids, Halsey's 3rd Fleet had achieved the sinking of 140 ships and small craft, damaging 235 others, and destroying 38 planes while damaging 46. Meanwhile, Rear-Admiral Oscar Badger's Bombardment Group Baker, composed of three battleships, two light cruisers, and eight destroyers, was assigned to bombard Muroran. Between 09:36 and 10:25, this group fired 860 16-inch shells at the Nihon Steel Company and the Wanishi Ironworks, targeting both the coal liquefaction plant and coke ovens. This bombardment inflicted severe damage on those facilities and resulted in the destruction or damage of 2,541 houses in Muroran. As Hasley recalled “These sweeps and bombardments accomplished more than destruction. they showed the enemy that we made no bones about playing in his front yard. From now on, we patrolled his channels and shelled his coast almost every night that the weather permitted.” Additionally, Rear-Admiral James Cary Jones' four light cruisers conducted a sweep along the east coast of Honshu to hunt for Japanese shipping; however, they reported no contacts during their mission. Early on July 16, Task Force 38 retired east of Honshu to begin refueling and rendezvoused with Admiral Rawlings' Task Force 37, which agreed to operate closely as an additional task group for Admiral Halsey. At 03:50 on July 17, the two task forces began launching strikes against central Honshu despite adverse weather conditions. The American forces executed 205 sorties targeting the Mito area, while British aircraft flew 87 sorties against airfields and railyards along the northwest coast of Honshu. Despite the bad weather, several small craft and locomotives were destroyed, though the operation resulted in the loss of nine aircraft and four airmen. Later that afternoon, Halsey detached Badger's augmented Bombardment Group to attack Hitachi, a significant industrial and electronics-producing city. The 53-minute bombardment commenced in fog and rain at 23:14, during which 1,207 16-inch shells, 267 14-inch shells, and 292 6-inch rounds were expended against the Tago and Mito Works of the Hitachi Manufacturing Company, as well as the Yamate Plant and copper refining facilities of Hitachi Mine, resulting in severe devastation. On July 18, McCain's two leading carriers launched a total of 592 sorties against Yokosuka, specifically targeting the heavily camouflaged battleship Nagato at the naval base. The attacks resulted in the sinking of one old cruiser, one minesweeper, one submarine, one incomplete destroyer, and three patrol vessels, in addition to damaging one subchaser, one old destroyer, and one old battleship. Although Nagato was hit multiple times and suffered heavy damage, it managed to stay afloat. Meanwhile, three carriers also targeted airfields and other opportunities in Tokyo, while Task Force 37 attacked a seaplane base at Kitaura and airfields at Nobara, Naruto, Chosi, Kanoike, Natori, and Kitakawa. The recent raids resulted in the destruction of 43 enemy planes and damage to 77 others on the ground, along with the destruction of three locomotives and the derailing of four electrified train cars by rockets. However, the American forces incurred losses of 14 aircraft and 18 aircrew, as the 3rd Fleet flyers reported encountering the fiercest anti-aircraft fire they had yet experienced. Additionally, Rear-Admiral Carl Holden's four light cruisers were detached during the night to sweep shipping off Sagami Bay and to target the radar site at Cape Nojima. On July 21, Captain Thomas Hederman's Destroyer Squadron 61, consisting of nine destroyers, was assigned to conduct another anti-shipping sweep off Sagami Bay. Pursuing four radar contacts, the destroyers engaged targets at midnight on July 22, firing guns and torpedoes from 7,000 yards. This action resulted in the sinking of the 800-ton freighter No.5 Hakutetsu Maru and damaging the 6,919-ton Enbun Maru. In response, Japanese coastal artillery, the minesweeper W-1, and subchaser Ch-42 returned fire, but Hederman's squadron successfully retired without damage. Although minor in scale, the Battle of Sagami Bay would ultimately be the last surface action of the war. Meanwhile, as part of Operation Barney, a planned submarine penetration of the Sea of Japan, nine submarines succeeded in sinking 27 Japanese merchant vessels and one submarine, totaling 54,786 tons.  On June 8, the submarine Barb commenced her twelfth patrol, tasked with terrorizing the Sea of Okhotsk using her newly installed 5-inch rocket launchers. Over the following weeks, Skipper Commander Eugene “Luckey” Fluckey executed successful rocket bombardments on Shari, Hokkaido, and targets in Shikuka, Kashiho, and Shiritoru on Karafuto (southern Sakhalin), also employing the submarine's deck guns to destroy 35 sampans in the town of Kaihyo To. Observing Karafuto trains transporting military supplies to ports, Fluckey devised a plan to intercept these trains. Engineman Third Class Billy Hatfield recalled how, as a child, he had placed nuts on railroad ties and watched as the weight of passing trains cracked them between rail and tie. Realizing this principle could be adapted, he suggested rigging an automatic detonator. Fluckey had many volunteers for the mission, including a Japanese POW, and carefully selected Hatfield and seven others, deciding against leading the shore party himself. Just after midnight on July 23, 1945, Fluckey maneuvered Barb to within 950 yards of the Karafuto coast. Led by Lieutenant William Walker, the team launched two rubber rafts at 00:30. Before they left, Fluckey instructed them, “Boys, if you get stuck, head for Siberia, 130 miles north, following the mountain ranges. Good luck.” Upon reaching the shore, the Americans located the tracks and buried a 55-pound scuttling charge and battery beneath the rails, positioning it under a water tower they planned to use as a lookout. As Motor Machinist's Mate First Class John Markuson climbed up, he unexpectedly found he was scaling a sentry tower, causing him to retreat without alerting the sleeping guard. When a train passed, the team dove for cover before resuming their work after it had gone by. Shortly after 01:30, Walker's team signaled their return to Barb, which was now just 600 yards offshore. Fifteen minutes later, while the boats were halfway back, Fluckey heard the rumble of an approaching train. He hoisted a megaphone and urged the crew to “Paddle like the devil, boys!” At 01:47, a 16-car Japanese train struck Hatfield's detonator, resulting in a massive explosion that sent debris soaring 200 feet into the air and reportedly killed 150 Japanese. Minutes later, all eight Americans were safely aboard Barb, which then slipped back into the night, having successfully executed the only amphibious invasion of Japan during World War II. Returning to the main action, Halsey aimed to eliminate the remnants of the Combined Fleet at the heavily fortified Kure Naval Base. Consequently, Task Force 38 began launching the first of 1,363 sorties against ships and airfields in Kyushu, Shikoku, and Honshu, ringing the Inland Sea at 04:40 on July 24. A total of 599 tons of bombs and 1,615 rockets were unleashed over Kure, resulting in the sinking or damaging of 22 warships, which totaled 258,000 tons. Among the affected vessels were the battleships Hyuga, Ise, and Haruna; fleet carriers Amagi and Katsuragi; the escort carrier Kaiyo; heavy cruisers Tone and Aoba; as well as light cruisers Oyodo and Kitakami. In addition, another 53 vessels amounting to 17,000 tons were sunk at various locations, including Hiroshima Bay, Niihama, Bungo Channel, and Kii Channel. At Kobe, the incomplete fleet carrier Aso was also attacked and damaged. American Hellcats and Corsairs effectively swept aside Japanese aerial opposition, shooting down 18 enemy planes while destroying 40 aircraft and damaging another 80 on the ground. Furthermore, around the Inland Sea, 16 locomotives were destroyed and five were damaged, while 20 hangars sustained damage. Three oil tanks were set ablaze at Kure and one at Tano. Additionally, four electric trains and a roundhouse were strafed at Hamamatsu, and various military installations, including barracks, warehouses, power plants, and factories around the airfields, received significant damage. Simultaneously, Rear-Admiral Rawlings' Task Force 37 conducted 257 sorties against targets in Japan and the surrounding offshore areas, sinking the escort carrier Shimane Maru in Shido Bay, along with a number of destroyers, small escorts, and coasters. Meanwhile, Jones' light cruisers swept through the Kii Channel before bombarding the Kushimoto seaplane base and airfields at Cape Shionomisaki during the night. Supporting these efforts, General LeMay dispatched 625 B-29s against seven targets in the Nagoya and Osaka areas, successfully inflicting heavy damage on all of them despite the spotty weather, marking this as the last major attack on the Japanese mainland during the war, as two weeks of cloudy weather ensued. In the early hours of July 25, McCain's aircraft carriers resumed launching strikes against airfields and shipping in the Inland Sea and the Nagoya-Osaka areas. During this operation, they executed a total of 655 sorties, expending 185 tons of bombs and 1,162 rockets, successfully sinking nine ships totaling 8,000 tons and damaging another 35 vessels. The strikes also resulted in the downing of 21 Japanese planes, with an additional 61 aircraft destroyed on the ground and 68 damaged. After refueling on July 27, Halsey's carrier forces moved to launch points located 96 nautical miles off Shikoku. At 04:43 on July 28, they resumed strikes over the Inland Sea, focusing on targets from northern Kyushu to Nagoya, as well as airfields across Honshu along the Sea of Japan. This resulted in McCain flying a total of 1,602 sorties, dropping 605 tons of bombs and expending 2,050 rockets. These attacks sank 27 ships, amounting to 43,000 tons, including the battleships Ise and Haruna, the fleet carrier Amagi, and the Combined Fleet flagship Oyodo. Additionally, 78 vessels totaling 216,000 tons were reported damaged, among them the fleet carrier Katsuragi, heavy cruiser Tone, and light cruiser Kitakami. American pilots reported the destruction of 21 Japanese aircraft in the air and claimed 115 destroyed on the ground across 30 area airfields. They also successfully destroyed 14 locomotives, four oil cars, two roundhouses, three oil tanks, three warehouses, one hangar, and a transformer station. In support of these efforts, Task Force 37 conducted 260 sorties against the eastern Inland Sea, targeting the dockyard at Harima and sinking or severely damaging four corvettes at Maizuru. Meanwhile, the 7th Air Force's 11th and 494th Bombardment Groups carried out a day-long raid on Kure, successfully sinking the heavy cruiser Aoba. By sunset that evening, the Imperial Japanese Navy had effectively ceased to exist, though the cost for the Americans was steep, with losses amounting to 101 planes and 88 men since July 24. As Halsey moved east to target the Osaka-Nagoya area, Shafroth's reinforced Bombardment Group was detached on July 29 to bombard Hamamatsu. During the night, they successfully unloaded 810 16-inch shells, 265 14-inch shells, and 1,035 8-inch shells, damaging the Imperial Government Railway locomotive works, igniting a blaze at the Japanese Musical Instrument Company, and wreaking havoc on infrastructure along the critical Tokaido main line. The following day, McCain's carriers conducted 1,224 sorties against airfields in Osaka, Kobe, Maizuru, and Nagoya, expending 397 tons of bombs and 2,532 rockets. These strikes resulted in the sinking of 20 vessels totaling 6,000 tons and damaging another 56 ships. The pilots also claimed destruction of 115 enemy aircraft on the ground, while inflicting severe damage on numerous industrial targets, including aircraft factories and naval docks in Maizuru. In Miyazu Bay, the destroyer Hatsushino struck an air-dropped naval mine, marking the final loss of 129 Japanese destroyers sunk during the war. That night, seven destroyers advanced deep into Suruga Bay, unleashing 1,100 5-inch shells on Shimizu within seven minutes, successfully destroying or damaging 118 industrial buildings. Typhoon weather would impede the operations of the 3rd Fleet for the next two weeks, as Admiral Nimitz ordered Halsey to steer clear of southern Japan, which was set to become the target of a new and deadly weapon: the atomic bomb. The U.S. Army had begun its project to develop an atomic bomb on August 16, 1942, under the auspices of the Manhattan Project. The project was directed by Major-General Leslie Groves and involved renowned scientists such as Robert Oppenheimer, Enrico Fermi, Niels Bohr, Richard Feynman, and Albert Einstein. Over time, it expanded to include a design center at Los Alamos and two production facilities at Hanford and Clinton. By August 1945, the teams at Los Alamos had successfully designed, developed, and built a gun-type atomic bomb capable of forcing five pounds of uranium-235 against another 17 pounds at high speed, thereby achieving critical mass and releasing immense heat, light, blast, and radiation. The team was also experimenting with an even more powerful device: the plutonium bomb, which utilized an implosion method whereby a sphere of plutonium was compressed by conventional explosives to reach criticality. By early August, scientists had managed to produce enough nuclear material to create only one uranium device, known as Little Boy, and one plutonium bomb, referred to as Fat Man. Each weapon had the potential to annihilate an entire city, and American leaders were prepared to use them if it could compel the Japanese Empire to surrender without necessitating an invasion of Japan. A Targeting Committee led by Groves, consisting of Manhattan Project and Air Force personnel, recommended Hiroshima, Niigata, Kokura, and Nagasaki as primary targets.  Groves' Targeting Committee employed several criteria to select sites for atomic bomb targets. The chosen targets had to possess strategic value to the Japanese and be situated between Tokyo and Nagasaki. Additionally, the target needed to feature a large urban area with a minimum diameter of three miles and must be relatively untouched by previous bombings, ironically spared for potential atomic destruction at a later stage. A crucial condition was that, to the best of their knowledge, these areas should harbor no concentrations of Allied prisoners of war. However, this requirement was challenging to ascertain accurately due to a lack of reliable information about the locations of prisoners. Initially, the committee considered 17 candidates and selected five primary targets: Hiroshima, Yokohama, Kokura, Niigata, and Kyoto. On May 28, they narrowed the list to three: Kyoto, Niigata, and Hiroshima. Hiroshima was significant as it housed Hata's 2nd General Army headquarters and featured a large shipyard, while Niigata was a major industrial city with an important port. Moreover, Kyoto held considerable cultural and religious significance for the Japanese. Secretary of War Stimson, having previously cautioned General Arnold about the humanitarian consequences of targeting cities with incendiary bombings, insisted on removing Kyoto from the list after intense discussions with Groves. On July 21, President Truman concurred with Stimson during their meetings in Potsdam, deciding that Kyoto should be spared. Subsequently, Kokura, known for its large arsenal and ordnance works, replaced Kyoto. Additionally, LeMay's staff reportedly included Nagasaki as an alternate target due to potential weather issues, as it was home to Mitsubishi's arms factories, electric production facilities, ordnance works, and extensive dockyards, making it a valuable target. Meanwhile, a high-level civilian Interim Committee, under Secretary of War Henry Stimson, ultimately advised President Truman on the use of nuclear weapons, reasoning that their deployment would be no worse than the current incendiary bombing campaigns against Japan. The committee also recommended that an atomic bomb be deployed as soon as possible, without warning, to maximize shock value and target a "war plant… surrounded by workers' houses." Following a successful operational test of the experimental plutonium bomb conducted at Trinity on July 16, President Truman authorized General Spaatz to prepare for the bomb drops before August 3. Colonel Paul Tibbets' 509th Composite Group had been specially organized in secret since September 1944 to deliver nuclear weapons, and by June, it had arrived at Tinian under the command of LeMay's 21st Bomber Command. General Twinning replaced LeMay as commander of the 21st on August 1, and he would ultimately issue the direct orders for Tibbets to drop the atomic bomb. The atomic bomb mission had a convoluted command structure. The Joint Chiefs of Staff were largely left out of the chain of command. LeMay was Tibbet's nominal commander; however, Groves still had extensive control over the operation through his deputy Brigadier General Thomas Farrell on Tinian. The 21st Bomber Command would determine when the atomic bomb mission was launched, based on suitable weather conditions. Even at this stage, General of the Air Force Henry "Hap" Arnold and LeMay were still skeptical about the Manhattan Project; they thought B-29 incendiary and high-explosive bombing operations would suffice to end the war soon. LeMay even questioned the 509th CG pilots' ability to conduct the mission; he wanted seasoned Pacific B-29 veteran crews to drop the nuclear cargo. While the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) and Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) prepared for an impending invasion, the U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) continued its bombing campaign against Japan. The crews of the 509th Composite Group needed to acclimate to the navigational challenges, varied weather conditions, extensive distances, and the geography of the region, all while becoming accustomed to combat situations. Training commenced at Tinian on June 30, with conventional operational missions over Japan beginning on July 20. To prepare for their atomic missions, the crews trained with "pumpkins," which were specially constructed bombs designed to mimic the appearance and weight of nuclear weapons. This allowed them to practice handling and releasing the bombs. They also rehearsed navigational procedures, visual bomb release techniques, and dropping the weapon at an altitude of approximately 30,000 feet. Following the drop, the crew conducted high-speed, radical turns to evade the nuclear effects after detonation. During their first mission, a B-29 from the 509th sought an alternative target in Tokyo. The crew aimed to drop their 10,000-pound "pumpkin" on the Imperial Palace, but unfortunately, they missed their target. Had they succeeded in killing the emperor, it could have significantly impacted Japan's decision-making process, potentially fortifying the Japanese people's resolve to continue the war. Military leaders might have seized control in the aftermath, pushing their forces to keep fighting. Throughout their training, the units of the 21st Bomber Command intentionally avoided targeting Hiroshima, Niigata, Kokura, and Nagasaki during these practice runs. In total, Tibbets directed his crews on numerous combat missions that targeted 28 cities and involved the dropping of 49 "pumpkins." Remarkably, the 509th lost no aircraft during these operations. While Tibbets focused on perfecting the delivery method, the weapons Little Boy and Fat Man were being transported to Tinian. Some weapon assemblies were delivered by C-54 and B-29 aircraft from Kirtland Field near Albuquerque, while the cruiser Indianapolis delivered the fissionable material for Little Boy from San Francisco on July 26. Four days later, the submarine I-58 unexpectedly attacked the Indianapolis with six torpedoes while the cruiser was en route to Guam, successfully sinking it. Of the crew, 850 Americans survived the sinking, and another 316 were belatedly rescued by August 8. By July 31, most of the assembly of Little Boy had been completed. However, a detonation expert would need to emplace the cordite charges to fire the uranium "bullet" through the gun device to the uranium core after take-off, minimizing the risk of an inadvertent nuclear explosion in the event of a B-29 crash. Additionally, the crew carrying the atomic bomb had to exercise caution when descending once Little Boy was armed because the primary radar or a backup barometric fuse could potentially trigger an explosion if the aircraft descended too rapidly with the fuses in place. On August 2, B-29 crews arrived at Tinian with the assemblies for Fat Man. On that same day, General Twinning and President Truman approved the plan to bomb Hiroshima. Two days later, Colonel Tibbets briefed the crews about the mission, confirming that he would pilot the aircraft carrying the atomic bomb. Tibbets' B-29 No. 82, later named Enola Gay, was supported by three weather reconnaissance aircraft that reported conditions at Hiroshima, Kokura, and Nagasaki, as well as two additional B-29s assigned to conduct scientific and photographic missions. At 02:45 on August 6, Enola Gay took off from Tinian, with diversionary attacks by 604 B-29s throughout Japan also scheduled for that day, as coordinated by Twinning. After passing through Iwo Jima at approximately 05:55, Captain William Parsons and Second-Lieutenant Morris Jeppson armed the bomb at 07:30. Throughout the journey, the B-29s ascended slowly, reaching an altitude of over 30,000 feet as they crossed Shikoku and Honshu, finally reaching Hiroshima at 31,060 feet. At 09:12, Tibbets executed his final approach from the 'initial point', flying east-west over the city towards the intersection of the Ota and Motoyasu Rivers. Approximately at 09:15, Little Boy was released, and Enola Gay immediately began its turn away to escape the impending explosion. However, the bomb mistakenly descended towards the Shima Surgical Hospital rather than the intended target, the Aioi Bridge. At 09:16, Little Boy detonated at an altitude of 1,890 feet, just as Tibbets was about six miles away from the blast point. As a result of the atomic blast, the immediate area around the epicenter was heated to an astonishing 1 million degrees Celsius, instantly incinerating or vaporizing all people, animals, buildings, and other items within that zone. Hiroshima police officials estimated that immediate casualties amounted to 71,379 individuals who were either killed or reported missing. In the surrounding areas, the blast effects crushed unreinforced structures before igniting them, resulting in an additional 68,023 wounded, with 19,691 of those injuries classified as serious. Subsequent assessments, potentially incorporating the impacts of radiation sickness or more precise accounting, recorded 30,524 individuals as seriously wounded and 48,606 as slightly wounded. Just two minutes after detonation, a growing mushroom cloud of highly radioactive dust and debris soared to a height of 20,000 feet. Within eight minutes, Tibbets' crew could observe the mushroom cloud from 390 miles away. Ultimately, the dust cloud peaked at approximately 60,000 feet in altitude. Soon after, a thick, black, radioactive rain fell upon the areas beneath the cloud. The center of the city was utterly devastated; over four square miles of the urban center, which encompassed seven square miles in total, were completely flattened, resulting in about 60% of the city's area being destroyed. An additional 0.6 square miles suffered damage, while more than 75% of the city's 90,000 buildings were obliterated. The ensuing fires compounded the devastation, contributing to countless deaths and injuries. Tragically, some American prisoners of war were present in Hiroshima and lost their lives in the explosion. Meanwhile, Enola Gay safely returned to Tinian at 14:58, where Tibbets was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, while the rest of the crew received Distinguished Flying Crosses for their participation in the mission. I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. Japan was broken. To be perfectly honest she had been broken long ago. Her leadership had been spending months trying to figure out the best possible way to surrender, while the civilians and troops were suffering horribly. Aerial mining strangled her of food, high explosive and incendiary bombs, killed untold scores of people, and then the Atomic weapons were let loose upon her. It was over.

Garrett Lord is the Co-founder and CEO of Handshake, the career and social network for Gen Z, connecting a million employers, 1,600 universities, and 18 million students and alumni.We talk through the explosive growth in Handshake's human AI data labeling business, how AI is changing the job market and careers, advice for scaling a three-sided marketplace, and Garrett's approach to hiring executive-level talent.We also get into the early days of Handshake, tapping out his dad's retirement account to fund the first years, driving across the US landing the first customers, sleeping in McDonald's parking lots, sneaking into careers fairs, and inside Handshake's first fundraise that took over seven months.Shoutout to Jeff Richards, James Alcorn, Ilir Sela, and Ben Christensen for helping brainstorm topics for Garrett.Thanks to Ramp for supporting this episode. It's the corporate card and expense management platform used by over 40,000 companies, like Shopify, CBRE and Stripe. Time is money. Save both with Ramp. Get your $250 here.Timestamps:(3:44) More Gen Z than LinkedIn(7:11) Helping frontier labs label AI data(14:43) Masters and PhD students flock to Handshake(16:52) Why Handshake will win in AI data labeling(19:24) Growing to $250m+ Revenue(21:56) KPIs in recruiting marketplace(24:45) How AI will change careers(33:57) How to build a Seal Team Six AI team(37:06) Interning at Los Alamos(40:00) Breaking into Silicon Valley from Michigan(44:19) Helping friends get jobs at Palantir(48:13) Driving across the US sleeping in McDonald's parking lots(54:52) Funding early days with his dad's retirement account(57:37) Handwriting letters to get the first six customers(1:03:06) Early product failures and iterations(1:11:01) Fundraising, crashing on couches for seven months(1:17:07) Finally closing a Seed round(1:20:05) Moving from Michigan to SF with no money(1:23:38) Importance of sequencing new features(1:29:10) Handshake's exec recruiting process(1:32:01) Building a company with your best friendsReferencedTry HandshakeCareers at HandshakeGumloopPeter Thiel Startup SchoolPaul Graham's blogFollow GarrettTwitterLinkedInFollow TurnerTwitterLinkedInSubscribe to my newsletter to get every episode + the transcript in your inbox every week.

All are welcome to join peacemakers and activists on Saturday, August 9 th at 10am in Los Alamos to commemorate the 80 th year since the U.S. bombing of Nagasaki,Japan on that day in 1945.At 10 am, a vigil and protest will begin in the Manhattan Project National HistoricPark at Ashley Pond. We'll come together to sing songs of peace and against nuclearweapons, to honor the victims and survivors of nuclear bombs development, testing anduse around the world. We'll vow to never allow another nuclear atrocity.

This is Summer of Trinity - a daily description of events in the summer of 1945, touching points around the world but centered (as that summer was) on the Trinity nuclear test.  This episode has daily events for the week ending Saturday July 21th, 1945.   Sunday, July 15,1945 - 1 Day Before Trinity 12th Army Situation Map (Germany and surrounding areas) https://www.osti.gov/opennet/manhattan-project-history/Events/1945/trinity_evaluations.htm The American contingent arrives at Potsdam. The imminent start of the conference was a major reason the Trinity test had been planned of this week. Returning from his one-day shakedown cruise for the USS Indianapolis, Captain McVay meets with Captain William Parsons of Project Alberta and Admiral William R. Purnell - one of the chief military advisors for the Manhattan Project. They don't mention these connections to McVay, who is informed only that his ship has been chosen for an important mission: He is to proceed with all possible speed across the Pacific, first to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and then to the Marianas, on the edge of the Philippine sea. There he will deliver his cargo to the air base on the island of Tinian.  He is assured that every day saved delivering the cargo is a day closer to the end of the war. He is to safeguard the cargo at all costs - ALL costs. If the ship is lost, his first priority will be saving this cargo - if necessary, a lifeboat is to be used to ensure it is undamaged. McVay will not, however, be told what the cargo actually is.     There are some clues, however. There are two Army officers who will accompany the cargo and see it safely ashore at Tinian: Major Robert Furman, and Capt. James Nolan. While they are presented as “artillerymen,” McVay eventually learns from Captain Nolan that he is actually a doctor, with the implication that there are some health concerns about the cargo. Nolan assures McVay that there is no actual danger to the crew of the Indianapolis. Nolan does not mention that he is one of two medical doctors at Los Alamos - not that McVay would have know where that was - nor that he is the doctor who put together the safety plan to ensure the health of those attending the upcoming Trinity test. But McVay knows that there are not a lot of materials that are both relatively small and enough of a health concern to merit the attendance of a doctor. https://ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/profile/james-f-nolan/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_B._McVay_III https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Indianapolis_(CA-35)   Monday, July 16,1945 - Trinity Yoko Moriwaki's diary is available through online and other booksellers, and in some libraries. https://www.amazon.com/Yokos-Diary-Paul-Ham/dp/0733331173/r https://www.dearfolksies.com/wabern-germany-july-10-august-23-1945/6/ https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/node/400674   Tuesday, July 17,1945 - 1 Day After Trinity The Potsdam Conference began in Potsdam, occupied Germany. Representatives of the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States met to discuss how to administer postwar Germany. https://www.osti.gov/opennet/manhattan-project-history/images/szilard_petition.htm https://biology.indiana.edu/documents/historical-materials/gest_pdfs/hgSzilard.pdf   Wednesday, July 18,1945 - 2 Days After Trinity http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/library/correspondence/groves-leslie/corr_groves_1945-07-18_print.htm Thursday, July 19,1945 - 3 Days After Trinity  https://www.atomicheritage.org/history/timeline  Friday, July 20,1945 - 4 Days After Trinity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumpkin_bomb https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximity_fuze - The atomic bombs used these, which were actually a very new technology, but one that had already proven its worth - Patton proclaimed that the proximity fuze had contributed greatly to the American success in the Battle of the Bulge.  Saturday, July 21,1945 - 5 Days After Trinity https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Underhill https://ussunderhill.org/index.html

Reach out to Cody and Buhler to tell them what's up!It's just one of those days...On the latest episode of False Start, John Buhler (Lead Writer, FanSided.com) was back on the program to recount Athens and Fourth of July shenanigans with Cody Williams (Content Director, FanSided.com).Together, they looked at Big 12 Media Days beginning on Tuesday, as well as who some of the better quarterbacks in the country are.Outside of Tempe, who is taking Sam Leavitt over Garrett Nussmeier?To wrap up the show, the guys looked at James Franklin's chances of driving Penn State to a national championship, as well as some Local Scouting Report from Athens, Atlanta and Los Alamos.I could sleep when I lived alone and there were no fireworks, and this is False Start!

Send us a textPlease join Chris and Dan, as they learn A LOT on this episode. As we are rapidly approaching race day, or maybe on your drive down to ole Silverton town, give this one a listen. Terry Wallace grew up in Los Alamos, NM (at 7000 feet in the Jemez Mountains). So you could say he was raised on a diet of mountain life and adventures. During his formative years, his father (a chemist at Los Alamos National Laboratory) took Terry on nearly weekly trips to the San Juans for mineral collection and general exploration of the mining sites through which Hardrock runs today. Terry was on the geoscience faculty at the University of Arizona for twenty years and then spent almost 15 years at the Los Alamos National Laboratory ultimately rising to serve as Lab Director in 2018.  He is internationally recognized for his expertise in silver minerals which can be traced to his love of the San Juans Mountains near Silverton.

It's Tuesday, July 1, A.D. 2025. This is The Worldview in 5 Minutes heard on 140 radio stations and at www.TheWorldview.com.  I'm Adam McManus. (Adam@TheWorldview.com) By Kevin Swanson and Adam McManus Chinese Communists give pastors 3 years in jail for leading church Three pastors from Linfen Covenant Home Church in Shanxi, China have been sentenced to 2-4 years of prison time for various charges related to their leading an unregistered church in the communist country. The church issued a statement, announcing that “We honor the service of Li Jie, Han Xiaodong, and Wang Qiang who suffered for righteousness, and we are willing to bear the cross with the Lord. We receive this verdict with a grateful and obedient heart.” Jesus offers this encouragement in Revelation 2:10 -- “Do not fear any of those things which you are about to suffer. Indeed, the devil is about to throw some of you into prison, that you may be tested, and you will have tribulation ten days. Be faithful until death, and I will give you the crown of life.” Brazilian homeschool mother facing $20,000 of fines Today, a Brazilian court will hear a case of a mom prosecuted for homeschooling her son.   Regiane Cichelero is facing fines of $20,000 and threats of losing custody of her child, for choosing home education on religious grounds.  Alliance Defending Freedom International has taken up the case.  Her legal counsel, Julio Pohl, pointed out that “No parent should fear state punishment for choosing to homeschool their child. Regiane made a lawful and conscientious decision to teach her son at home. We are hopeful that the court will affirm her rights and take an important step toward protecting parental rights in Brazil.”   Regiane continues to homeschool despite the risks involved. Pray for this case, which may serve as a precedent for the other 70,000 homeschooled children in Brazil.   Victory of Christian Colorado camp over transgender agenda Also, Alliance Defending Freedom has announced a favorable settlement for the Idrahaje Christian Camp in Bailey, Colorado. The camp was under threat of losing its license for refusing to submit to state requirements regarding the transgendering of bathrooms and living quarters. The name of the camp is taken from the phrase “I'd rather have Jesus more than anything!”  They use the first two letters of the first four words. The State of Colorado agreed not to take any enforcement action against Camp IdRaHaJe for violation of the gender identity requirements. The state has also clarified in a memo on its website that “churches, synagogues, mosques, or any other place that is principally used for religious purposes” are exempt from the transgendering requirements. Syria's own government helped massacre 1,500 Alawites Reuters has reported on its investigation of the Syrian massacre of 1,500 Alawites in March of this year. The perpetrators included units belonging to the new government based in Damascus. Ahmed Hussein al-Sharaa of the Free Syrian Army and Al-Qaeda took over Syria in January of this year. The new government has also instituted a constitution stating that  “The religion of the President of the Republic is Islam. … Islamic jurisprudence is the principal source of legislation.” This constitutes a step up in Islamic rule over Syria. According to Open Doors, Syria is the 18th most dangerous country worldwide for Christians. Iraq allows Muslim men to “marry” 9-year-old girls The new Iraqi government is also following Islamic Sharia law closely. Earlier this year, Iraq's parliament voted to give Islamic courts more control in family law, and permit child marriages for girls as young as nine years of age.  Supreme Court allows parents to opt kids out & requires porn sites to verify age Here in America, the U.S. Supreme Court is allowing parents opt-out rights for their elementary-aged children from having to participate in homosexual-themed lessons. That comes by a vote of 6 to 3. Writing for the majority, Justice Samuel Alito emphasized that “What the parents seek here is not the right to micromanage the public school curriculum, but rather to have their children opt out of a particular educational requirement that burdens their well-established right ‘to direct ‘the religious upbringing' of their children'” under  the free exercise clause of the First Amendment.  Another 6-3 ruling, the High Court has also upheld a Texas Law requiring pornographic websites to verify users are over 18 years of age.  Only adults will be allowed into these sinful activities. Writing for the majority, Justice Clarence Thomas concluded, ”The power to require age verification is within a State's authority to prevent children from accessing sexually explicit content.” But, in Matthew 5:27-28, Jesus said, “You have heard that it was said to those of old, ‘You shall not commit adultery.'  But I say to you that whoever looks at a woman to lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart.” U.S. government buying its own bonds The U.S. government is buying back its own bonds. Barchart reports the largest buyback in history occurred earlier this month.  Under the direction of Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, the department bought $10 billion of its own bonds.  Federal Reserve on the ropes The Federal Reserve issued $150 billion of bonds in May, but only managed to sell half of them.   Also, the Fed has recorded its first two-year-in-a-row financial loss, totaling $192 billion in 2023 and 2024. This is the first time this has occurred in the Fed's 110-year history. Year to date,  the federal deficit  stands at $1.37 billion as of the end of May. That's 14% higher than last year at this time.  Dad jumps into ocean off Disney Cruise ship to save daughter Here's a story demonstrating a remarkable act of courage and love on the part of a dad. A young child fell off the fourth deck of a Disney cruiseliner on Sunday.   Her father took immediate action, dove in after her. . . and held her while treading water, until a rescue boat pulled them out of the ocean waters. An eyewitness explained what happened to WPLG News. EYEWITNESS: “They were playing shuffleboard that was on the fourth floor. The parents were playing, and then the little girl was climbing up on the railing and flew off.” One passenger said,  “The ship was moving quickly, so quickly, it's crazy how quickly the people became tiny dots in the sea, and then you lost sight of them.” Another passenger said, “I saw the mother crying and but when they rescued them, I think that's when the tears really started flowing.  I prayed to God to save them, and He did!” The Disney Dream was heading back from the Bahamas to Fort Lauderdale when the incident occurred. Worldview teens share their hearts 15-year-old Titus Beran in Omaha, Nebraska wrote me at Adam@TheWorldview.com. He said, “I love the verses included in the newscast! They really help me focus back on God's Word and bring every area of life, even politics and news, into captivity to the obedience of Christ.” And 16-year-old Leah Smith in Franklin, Kentucky wrote, “I have been subscribed to The Worldview in 5 Minutes for a little over a year. I don't watch the news on a regular basis, but have been continually blessed by the ministry of this website. It is so irregular to have such a concise, non-secular newscast that makes me aware of political news, needs of persecuted Christians, and even basic information that keeps me up to date on what is going on. “When I read your newscast transcript,  I am not only encouraged by stories of fellow believers, but I am also moved to pray for the issues in our world. God is truly using your Christian newscast to reach people with the truth. It has been a blessing in my life!” What Troy's three boys enjoy about The Worldview Troy in Horseshoe Bend, Arkansas talked to his three sons -- Sovereign, age 12, Shalom, age 10, and Apollos, age 7 -- about The Worldview. They said, “I like to start my morning at breakfast listening to it.” “I like how I get to hear about people around the world who need Jesus.”  And “I like that I can hear the news which is filtered through a Biblical lens.” Troy added, “We praise the Lord for all of you and your diligent service to the Lord. It is so exciting to hear about donors from all over the world who are united to us in Christ. What an encouraging example to our younger generation. Thank you from the bottom of our hearts.” 42 Worldview listeners gave $12,534.95 to fund our annual budget And finally, toward our $123,500 goal by yesterday, June 30, to fully fund The Worldview's annual budget for our 6-member team, 42 listeners stepped up to the plate. Our thanks to Sovereign, age 12, Shalom, age 10, and Apollos, age 7, in Horseshoe Bend, Arkansas who gave $4.50, Mamie in Tulsa, Oklahoma who gave $10 as well as Esther in Bolivar, Missouri, Henry in Elizabeth City, North Carolina, Holly in San Antonio, Texas, Carol in Kingston, New York, Amy in Ennis, Texas, and Jensen, age 9, in Humboldt, Saskatchewan, Canada – each of whom gave $25. We appreciate Mark in Goodyear, Arizona who gave $30, Kayden, age 16, in Gepp, Arkansas who gave $40 as well as Kolt, age 13, in Gepp, Arkansas, Isaiah in Fruita, Colorado, Alexander in Greensburg, Pennsylvania, Phillip in Alliance, Ohio, Sarah in Rolla, Missouri, and Constance in Los Alamos, California – each of whom gave $50. We are grateful to God for Joe and Sheryl in Westmoreland, Tennessee who gave $60, Michael in Torrance, California and Marty and Christa in Humboldt, Saskatchewan, Canada – both of whom gave $75, as well as Craig in Moriarty, New Mexico, Gay in Victoria, Texas, George in Edinburgh, Indiana, Debbie in Wildwood, Missouri, Gregory in Lodi, California, Duane in Moriarty, New Mexico, Marcia in Holland, Michigan, and an anonymous donor in Atlanta, Georgia – each of whom gave $100. We were touched by the generosity of Rusty in Marshall, Illinois and Josiah in Hillsboro, Kansas – both of whom gave $200, Frances in Beacon, New York who gave $240.45, Wes in Eden Prairie, Minnesota  and LuShun in Newport News, Virginia – both of whom gave $250, Kirtis in Gepp, Arkansas who gave $300, as well as Ed in Wellsburg, Iowo and Michele in Kindersley, Saskatchewan, Canada – both of whom pledged $25/month for 12 months for a gift of $300 each. And we were moved by the sacrifice of Danielle in Brighton, Colorado who gave $450, Brad and Judy in West Chicago, Illinois who gave $500, Troy in Horseshoe Bend, Arkansas who pledged $50/month for 12 months for a gift of $600, John in Auburn, Washington who gave $1,000, Max in Macon, Georgia  who gave $1,200, an anonymous donor from Louisiana who gave $1,200, and Jeanne in Columbia, South Carolina who gave $4,000. Those 42 Worldview listeners gave a total of $12,534.95 Ready for our new grand total? Drum roll please.  (Drum roll sound effect) $125,494.50!  (People clapping and cheering sound effect)   That means we exceeded our $123,500 goal to fund the 6-member Worldview newscast team by $1,994.50! On behalf of the entire Worldview newscast team -- including Kevin Swanson and Jonathan Clark who write the newscast transcript alongside myself, Emily Munday who helps research stories, Rebakah Swanson and Kayla White who add the music, select the image, and upload the audio to multiple platforms – thank you for sharing your treasure to ensure that we can deliver accurate news from a Biblical perspective for another fiscal year. 1 John 3:18 says, “Let us not love in word or talk, but in deed and in truth.”  Those of you who were prompted by the Lord to give financially and to pray for this ministry, you showed your love in your deeds. For that, we humbly thank you.  And I assure you, we'll be vigilant stewards of every hard-earned penny which you've entrusted to us. Close And that's The Worldview on this Tuesday, July 1st, in the year of our Lord 2025. Follow us on X or subscribe for free by Spotify, Amazon Music, or by iTunes or email to our unique Christian newscast at www.TheWorldview.com.  Plus, you can get the Generations app through Google Play or The App Store. I'm Adam McManus (Adam@TheWorldview.com). Seize the day for Jesus Christ.

Hey Friend, I am VERY excited for you all to listen to this episode. I've got Andy Felton BACK, the author of Nourished by Design - a Christ Centered Approach to Nutrition. He was on the show just a few weeks ago and in our conversation it was very clear we needed a follow up episode to go dive deeper into the conversation on the specifics and practicals of nutrition.   We hit a lot of big questions about whether or not God cares about what we eat, the theological biological and environmental aspect of eating meat, and even into the primary driver of chronic disease. It's soo good and it just scratches the surface of what an be found in Andy's book. Details to get his book are below. But for now, I hope you enjoy this episode!   Blessings & Joy, Robin *** Andy Felton is a devoted Christian, husband, father of two boys, and the author of Nourished by Design, a book exploring the intersection of faith, food, and health. A former nuclear submarine officer and graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy, Andy now serves as a manager at Los Alamos National Laboratory. After overcoming his own health challenges, he is passionate about helping others align their physical and spiritual well-being with God's design for flourishing. Andy lives in Los Alamos, New Mexico, where he is an active member of Crossroads Bible Church.   Order Nourished by Design - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0F7GJDK4K Get the Companion Guide - https://nourishedbydesignbook.com/resources   *** Get the 20 in 20 recipe guide with 20 recipes ready in 20 minutes with meals that provide 30g of protein for FREE at visiondrivenhealth.com/resources.   *** When you're ready, here are 4 ways I can support you in your health journey:    1. Grab my free 5 Day Sugar Fast Devotional In this 5 Day Devotional you have the opportunity to drop weight and sugar cravings while gaining a totally new approach to health that is grounded in Jesus. Download it here: https://madewellhealth.com/sugarfast   2. Join my free Facebook group  In this group you'll have access to years of resources I've shared along with the new content I put out weekly. Additionally, you'll be in good company with fellow Jesus loving ladies looking to live a sustainable healthy lifestyle. Join us here: https://www.facebook.com/groups/RobinRhineMcD/   3. Take the Healthy Cooking Made Easy Mini Course  This short course will show you how to enjoy healthy cooking with confidence by saving time, cooking less, and loving what you make! Sign up here: https://go.madewellhealth.com/cooking   4. Work with Me Directly Whether it's joining my 6 week course, the Healthy Weight Loss Academy or getting 1-1 coaching, I am all about SIMPLIFYING healthy weight loss and providing the tools and resources you need to create healthy habits you'll keep by partnering with God and following my proven Sustainable Health process. For more info and to apply, click here: https://www.visiondrivenhealth.com/get-coaching  

Mangel på HMS er tema for dagen, når Kris tar deg gjennom historien om USAs tredje atombombe. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this episode of NucleCast, Jim Howe interviews Brian D'Andrea, CEO of TechSource, discussing the company's significant role in supporting America's nuclear security enterprise. They explore TechSource's growth, employee ownership, and the importance of retaining critical skills in the nuclear field. Brian shares insights into the company's project management approach, workforce development initiatives, and strategic partnerships that enhance their capabilities. Brian D'Andrea is an entrepreneurial leader and senior executive with proven experience creating early profitability in a start-up, driving continued growth, and sustaining operations through strategic oversight. As the CEO and Chairman of the Board of TechSource, Inc., Mr. D'Andrea believes that people are as important as profit margins since people drive business success. His unique abilities in bridging technical and management requirements, creating agile management teams, and empowering his staff to create innovative and implementable solutions to complex problems result in consistent success.Since joining TechSource, Mr. D'Andrea has lead corporate growth from $2M to over $34M per year while remaining debt-free and operating socially responsibly. His approach to corporate governance of high technology companies is grounded in decades of technical and management experience in aviation systems, nuclear sciences, accelerator technologies, non-proliferation, systems engineering and integration, and safety and security. His practical technical experience supports his performance of fiduciary and strategic oversight, including corporate strategy, planning, and execution; business transformation and restructuring; investment in emerging technologies; recruitment of key personnel; and strategic partnerships.In addition to TechSource, Mr. D'Andrea has held leadership positions in Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) and the U.S. Navy. His management experience spans major programs at the Navy, the Department of Energy, the National Nuclear Security Administration, national laboratories, and the Navajo Nation Public Safety Division.Mr. D'Andrea has a Masters of Environmental Engineering from Johns Hopkins University, a Bachelors in General Engineering from the Naval Academy, and certification in Lean Manufacturing from the University of Michigan. He holds a Project Management Professional certification and numerous other qualifications/trainings in management, emergency preparedness, FEMA, and DOD.He is a former Chairman of Leadership Los Alamos and a current board member of the Los Alamos Public Schools Foundation. Mr. D'Andrea was also a Naval Flight Officer and holds his private pilot's license. He lives in Los Alamos, NM with his wife Dana and their children, and enjoys spending his free time with them.To learn more about Mr. D'Andrea, go to his LinkedIn page at https://www.linkedin.com/in/v-brian-d-andrea-8a8a6Socials:Follow on Twitter at @NucleCastFollow on LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/company/nuclecastpodcastSubscribe RSS Feed: https://rss.com/podcasts/nuclecast-podcast/Rate: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/nuclecast/id1644921278Email comments and topic/guest suggestions to NucleCast@anwadeter.org

On this episode, Richard Whillet unravels a deep web of connections stretching from Epstein's DNA experiments with George Church to the hidden agendas behind Palantir's role in the LA Riots and its $30M ICE contract. They dig into Epstein's mysterious New Mexico Zorro Ranch, rumored ties to Dulce Base, Trementina vaults, and Los Alamos. The conversation spirals into occult territory with the homunculus myths of Rosemary's Baby and Crowley's Moonchild, before surfacing in the elite playgrounds of St. Barts and St. Thomas—linking Epstein, Diddy, and Mike Jeffries. Finally, they dive into the powerful nexus of Chabad Lubavitch, Trump, Putin, and Netanyahu—and their vision for the “World to Come” (Olam Haba) Please subscribe to the new Tin Foil Hat youtube channel:  https://www.youtube.com/@TinFoilHatYoutube Check out Sam Tripoli new crowd work special "Black Crack Robots" now for free. https://youtu.be/_FKugOeYaLc Check out Sam Tripoli's 2nd New Crowd Work Special “Potty Mouth” on YouTube for free. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22j3Ds5ArjM Grab your copy of the 2nd issue of the Chaos Twins now and join the Army Of Chaos: https://bit.ly/415fDfY Check out Sam "DoomScrollin with Sam Tripoli and Midnight Mike" Every Tuesday At 4pm pst on Youtube, X Twitter, Rumble and Rokfin! Join the WolfPack at Wise Wolf Gold and Silver and start hedging your financial position by investing in precious metals now!  Go to samtripoli.gold and use the promo code "TinFoil" and we thank Tony for supporting our show. LiveLongerFormula.com: Check out LiveLongerFormula.com/sam — Christian is a longevity author and functional health expert who helps you fix your gut, detox, boost testosterone, and sleep better so you can thrive, not just survive. Watch his free masterclass on the 7 Deadly Health Fads, and if it clicks, book a free Metabolic Function Assessment to get to the root of your health issues. CopyMyCrypto.com: The ‘Copy my Crypto' membership site shows you the coins that the youtuber ‘James McMahon' personally holds - and allows you to copy him. So if you'd like to join the 1300 members who copy James, then stop what you're doing and head over to: CopyMyCrypto.com/TFH You'll not only find proof of everything I've said - but my listeners get full access for just $1  Want to see Sam Tripoli live?  Get tickets at SamTripoli.com: San Diego:  Sam Tripoli and Tin Foil Hat Comedy Live July 17th-19th https://americancomedyco.com/collections/sam-tripoli-live-july-17-19   Boston, MA:  Tin Foil Hat Comedy Night Headlines Nick's Comedy Stop  August 1st https://www.nickscomedystop.com/event-details/special-event-tin-foil-hat-comedy-with-sam-tripoli-and-eddie-bravo-live   Broadbrook Ct: Tin Foil Hat Comedy and Swarm Tank at 8pm on August 2nd https://broadbrookoperahouse.thundertix.com/events/246069   Please check out Richard Willet's internet: Website: https://www.ickonic.com Twitter: https://x.com/WTAFRich Substack: https://substack.com/@richardwillett   Please check out Sam Tripoli's internet: Linktree: https://linktr.ee/samtripoli Please Follow Sam Tripoli's Stand Up Youtube Page: https://www.youtube.com/@SamTripoliComedy Please Follow Sam Tripoli's Comedy Instagram:  https://www.instagram.com/samtripolicomedy/ Please Follow Sam Tripoli's Podcast Clip Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/samtripolispodcastclips/   Thank you to our sponsors:  True Werk: TRUEWERK is hell-bent on creating the most technical, high-performance workwear in the world. The TRUEWERK story begins in the Colorado mountains where a trade worker knew there had to be a better solution than the wet, heavy gear that was weighing him down.  Check out the full lineup and get 15 percent off your first order at TRUEWERK.com/tinfoil. Blue Chew: Make life easier by getting harder and discover your options at BlueChew.com! And we've got a special deal for our listeners: Try your first month of BlueChew FREE when you use promo code TINFOIL -- just pay $5 shipping. That's promo code TINFOIL. Visit BlueChew.com for more details and important safety information, and we thank BlueChew forsponsoring the podcast.    

Dive into the extraordinary story of Marie and Mildred Maier, the original Doublemint Twins, whose encounter with an alien signal shook Chicago and exposed a shadowy government cover-up. On November 28, 1954, during a live WGN radio broadcast, the sisters recorded eerie, high-speed tones—described as a coded message resembling Jingle Bells—after host Jim Mills invited extraterrestrials to respond. What followed was a web of deception involving the CIA, fake Air Force officers, and a relentless UFO skeptic, Dr. Leon Davidson, who uncovered the truth.Explore the Maier's journey from advertising fame as Wrigley's Doublemint Twins to accidental UFO hunters.  Their WGN recording, detailed in a rare 1955 Journal of Space Flight article, caught the CIA's attention, leading to a covert operation to seize the tape. Posing as Air Force officers, CIA agents George O. Forrest and Dewelt Walker visited the sisters, claiming the signal was mere Morse code from a U.S. radio station. Was it?Enter Dr. Leon Davidson, a Los Alamos scientist who believed UFOs were a CIA-orchestrated psychological warfare tactic. In 1957, Davidson contacted the Maiers, exposing inconsistencies in the CIA's story and accusing the agency of fabricating UFO sightings to manipulate public perception during the Cold War. His dogged pursuit revealed a deeper conspiracy. The CIA's 1997 report, The CIA's Role in the Study of UFOs, 1947-90, later admitted mishandling the case, confirming Davidson's suspicions of agency involvement.Set against the backdrop of 1954's UFO frenzy, this episode uncovers a time when Cold War paranoia, public obsession with flying saucers, and government secrecy collided.  The Maier sisters' story is a microcosm of a nation grappling with the unknown. Why did the CIA go to such lengths to bury a single tape? Was the sisters' recording evidence of extraterrestrial contact, or part of a larger psychological operation?https://www.mydarkpath.com/73-doublemint-twins-vs-the-ciaRead MF Thomas' novels Like Clockwork https://amzn.to/417lOzyArcade https://amzn.to/4aTpisxA Sickness in Time https://amzn.to/41apSPKSeeing by Moonlight ...

Hey Friend, I am VERY excited for this episode because in it I interview the author of a book I have been wanting to exist for a long time. And actually, he felt the same way, which is why he wrote it.   In this episode we talk about what it means to follow Jesus and partner with God in healthy eating. We address some of the issues that exist in the church, in the United States, as well as some new perspective on the gift of food that God has given us.   I encourage you to listen the whole way through and consider reading Andy's new book, Nourished by Design. Links to purchase and more about Andy below!   Blessings, Robin *** Andy Felton is a devoted Christian, husband, father of two boys, and the author of Nourished by Design, a book exploring the intersection of faith, food, and health. A former nuclear submarine officer and graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy, Andy now serves as a manager at Los Alamos National Laboratory. After overcoming his own health challenges, he is passionate about helping others align their physical and spiritual well-being with God's design for flourishing. Andy lives in Los Alamos, New Mexico, where he is an active member of Crossroads Bible Church.   Order Nourished by Design - https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0F7GJDK4K Get the Companion Guide - https://nourishedbydesignbook.com/resources ** Get the How to Read Food Labels Guide at visiondrivenhealth.com/resources   ** 1. Grab my free 5 Day Sugar Fast Devotional In this 5 Day Devotional you have the opportunity to drop weight and sugar cravings while gaining a totally new approach to health that is grounded in Jesus. Download it here: https://madewellhealth.com/sugarfast   2. Join my free Facebook group  In this group you'll have access to years of resources I've shared along with the new content I put out weekly. Additionally, you'll be in good company with fellow Jesus loving ladies looking to live a sustainable healthy lifestyle. Join us here: https://www.facebook.com/groups/RobinRhineMcD/   3. Take the Healthy Cooking Made Easy Mini Course  This short course will show you how to enjoy healthy cooking with confidence by saving time, cooking less, and loving what you make! Sign up here: https://go.madewellhealth.com/cooking   4. Work with Me Directly Whether it's joining my 6 week course, the Healthy Weight Loss Academy or getting 1-1 coaching, I am all about SIMPLIFYING healthy weight loss and providing the tools and resources you need to create healthy habits you'll keep by partnering with God and following my proven Sustainable Health process. For more info and to apply, click here: https://www.visiondrivenhealth.com/get-coaching

What do a 1946 Western film, a fight for independence in the Balkans, a celebrity Engagement, a Fulbright Scholarship and Baskin-Robbins ice cream have in common? They are all part of the life story of a charismatic, hardworking, and big dreaming winemaker. Meet Sonja Magdevski of ⁠Clementine Carter Wines⁠ in Santa Barbara County's Los Alamos, where she's one of the OGs who turned the sleepy little town into a must visit wine destination.But, her first job in wine was planting a vineyard with no experience.We explore how Sonja fell in love with Grenache, her pioneering role in the Los Alamos wine community and her passion for storytelling through both wine and writing. Join us for an inspiring conversation about taking risks, following unexpected paths, and creating something truly unique. We're excited to have Sonja, a fellow journalist and an inspiration to so many people, joining us to share her story.

What do a 1946 Western film, a fight for independence in the Balkans, a celebrity Engagement, a Fulbright Scholarship and Baskin-Robbins ice cream have in common? They are all part of the life story of a charismatic, hardworking, and big dreaming winemaker. Meet Sonja Magdevski of Clementine Carter Wines in Santa Barbara County's Los Alamos, where she's one of the OGs who turned the sleepy little town into a must visit wine destination.But, her first job in wine was planting a vineyard with no experience.We explore how Sonja fell in love with Grenache, her pioneering role in the Los Alamos wine community and her passion for storytelling through both wine and writing. Join us for an inspiring conversation about taking risks, following unexpected paths, and creating something truly unique. We're excited to have Sonja, a fellow journalist and an inspiration to so many people, joining us to share her story.

What do you do when life breaks you open? When the storm hits harder than you expected and all the pieces feel too scattered to pick up? In this powerful and honest message, Laura Busse invites us into the kind of hope that doesn't ignore the pain, but stands firm in the middle of it. If you've ever felt overwhelmed, heartbroken, or like you're barely holding it together... this message is for you.

Meet your vineyard night-shift rodent patrol —barn owls. Bob Peak, a dedicated volunteer at Pacific Wildlife Care, shares how these incredible predators consume up to 30 gophers or voles a night. Learn fun facts about their short lifecycle, nesting habits, and how to properly install nest boxes (hint: ventilation and road direction matter!). Discover how you can encourage barn owls to thrive on your land—plus, hear how these owls even foster orphaned chicks. Resources:         REGISTER: 6/6/25 Tailgate | Bird Abatement and Managing Wildlife in the Vineyard 58: Barn Owls 84: Falconry Bird Abatement 118: Managing Rodent Pests in Vineyards with Integrated Pest Management Build Your Own Owl Box Cornell Lab All About Birds National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association Pacific Wildlife Care The Barn Owl Box Company The Barn Owl Trust (UK) UC Davis Raptor Center Vineyard Team Programs: Juan Nevarez Memorial Scholarship - Donate SIP Certified – Show your care for the people and planet   Sustainable Ag Expo – The premiere winegrowing event of the year Vineyard Team – Become a Member Get More Subscribe wherever you listen so you never miss an episode on the latest science and research with the Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast. Since 1994, Vineyard Team has been your resource for workshops and field demonstrations, research, and events dedicated to the stewardship of our natural resources. Learn more at www.vineyardteam.org.   Transcript [00:00:04] Beth Vukmanic: Meet your vineyard, night shift Rodent patrol - barn owls. Welcome to Sustainable Wine Growing with Vineyard Team, where we bring you the latest in science and research for the wine industry. I'm Beth Vukmanic, executive director [00:00:18] In today's podcast, Craig Macmillan critical resource manager at Niner Wine Estates with longtime SIP Certified Vineyard in the first ever SIP Certified winery. Speaks with Bob Peak, a dedicated volunteer at Pacific Wildlife Care. [00:00:34] Bob shares how these incredible predators consume up to 30 gophers or voles a night. Learn fun facts about their short lifecycle nesting habitats, and how to properly install nest boxes, hint, ventilation, and road direction matter. [00:00:50] Discover how you could encourage barn owls to thrive on your land plus. Here how these owls even foster orphaned chicks. [00:00:58] If you love this topic and want to learn even more about barn owls, you won't want to miss the June 6th, 2025 tailgate on bird abatement and managing wildlife in the vineyard. [00:01:09] Hosted at Jackson Family Wines Bar M Vineyard in Los Alamos, California. We'll see a live falconry demonstration and learn the latest barn owl research from California Polytechnic State University, including how changes in vineyard habitat affect foraging behavior. To register, just go to vineyard team.org/events or look for the link in the show notes. [00:01:33] Now, let's listen in. [00:01:38] Craig Macmillan: Our guest today is Bob Peak. He is a volunteer with Pacific Wildlife care in SLO County, California. And today we're gonna talk about barn owls. Thanks for being on the podcast, Bob. [00:01:48] Bob Peak: Thank you very much Craig, and I want to thank you and the Niner Wine Estates for this invitation. I think that this going to be very informative and quite fascinating actually. [00:02:00] Craig Macmillan: Yeah, so I'll give you a little bit of background on that. I met Bob, when he came out to Niner Wine estates, looking for clutches, looking for looking for outlets, and we learned all kinds of fascinating things. And I was like, I have got to talk to this guy on the podcast 'cause there's so much information and interesting things about barn owls that I didn't know, until a couple months ago. [00:02:23] But why don't we start with you telling us a little bit about, pacific wildlife Care. [00:02:28] Bob Peak: Yes. Pacific Wildlife Care was started 41 years ago here in the county by home rehabbers. There was no facility. People did their work in their specialty right out of their home, whether it was raccoons or opossums. We people tended to have a different skill that they were good at, and it started with very humble beginnings. [00:02:51] We finally reached a point where we could afford a facility and we went and occupied part of the PG&E power plant there in Morrow Bay. We are right next door to the Marine Mammal Center, if anyone knows where that is, and we are right now in the process of having to move as they are, also as there are plans coming up for the property. [00:03:17] We currently have had some donors step up and provide us with not only the 10 acres of land on Buckley Road in San Luis Obispo, but we are also very quickly in the process of building a brand new facility out there. [00:03:35] Craig Macmillan: That is really great. There's definitely a need for this. How did you personally become involved in wildlife rehabilitation? [00:03:43] Bob Peak: I needed something to do after I retired and I literally, I saw an ad in the Tribune, a local paper that said that they were looking for volunteers and I had had some experience with the birds of prey as a a child. I have a Native American background and they're a very important part of our culture. [00:04:04] we, we learned about them early on and the opportunity to work around people that were like-minded as far as with the animals in San Luis Bipo County was rather exciting. [00:04:18] Craig Macmillan: And so let's move on. Talk about barn owls specifically. Why is it important to encourage and protect barn owls? [00:04:24] Bob Peak: Ooh, that's a good question. barn owls are a species that really keep things in check. They're the balance to something that could get outta control very quickly. and I think we all see that, whether it's at our houses or at the wineries. And that's these, the rodents and other pests. That not only are harmful to us but they're harmful to our crops and even potential danger to us as well. [00:04:56] They are voracious eaters. They consume anywhere between six to eight voles or gophers a night. And that's each when a parent is feeding the young. That number can go up by times four. You could see that you might be 30 vols taken a night. So they do a tremendous job for the environment. And again, they, they're more of a checks and balances. [00:05:29] I think too that the more barn owls that you have in an area it means that you're basically protected. It's one of those things too where people also think the same way with the, the skunks or opossums and raccoons. They can be nuisances at times, but they serve a very good purpose in eliminating all kinds of pests, insects, and things that you don't want. [00:05:56] Craig Macmillan: What is the lifecycle of a barn owl? [00:06:00] Bob Peak: . I wrote a couple of notes down on this. The lifecycle is rather short for barn owl. The, they're cavity nesters, what happens is the, the barn owl parents make for life, they're monogamous. So they'll stick around they'll find a cavity barn or something that a box where they'll head in and lay anywhere between one and eight eggs. The incubation period is rather quick. [00:06:38] The breeding season is basically between late January and February for about six to eight weeks. , about a week and a half before the female laser eggs, she's nest bound. She's too heavy to fly. She can't even get out of the box. [00:06:53] Another thing that she does at that same time is she picks a little brood patch. On her belly to where she can remove those feathers. And once the young born, 'cause they have no feathers, she will put them right next to that skin of hers for the warmth that they're gonna need. [00:07:15] Incubation is 29 to about 34 days. Again, they could lay between one and eight eggs. And they can do that three times a year. They might just have one clutch of eight. They could have two or maybe even three if the conditions are right. [00:07:33] She'll turn these eggs every so many minutes and then it takes, oh, I would say, you know, like 29 to 34 days, [00:07:44] and then the chick to get out from the shell. The have this little hook on the end of their bill. It's an egg tooth that's on the end of their, bill. And then that will actually break the egg open and it does take a while for, it takes 12 to 36 hours for 'em to get out of that eggshell. Four to seven. [00:08:08] It'll be about four months before they'll see another. But brood, because once they leave, then they'll lay more eggs. [00:08:17] The four months will pass from the egg being laid to the young, gaining independence. That's it. And they pretty much don't receive much training from their parents. It's, they get out of the box and then they're on their own. Where a great horned owl will spend up to a year or more, even longer with their parents. [00:08:37] Craig Macmillan: Hmm. [00:08:39] Bob Peak: A freshly hatched barnells Pink mentioned that know they hatch in sequence of the way that they were laid. [00:08:46] Craig Macmillan: Oh. [00:08:46] Bob Peak: The oldest could be three weeks old when the youngest hatches. So there is a. A challenge for food with that young one because that big one's gonna be going after it. So that's right off the bat. You know, you got some you know, some things working against you. [00:09:03] The downey Plumage starts to show up about three weeks later. They tend to clutch together and for that warmth till then. And then the female again, is taking the food brought by the male. The male is doing all the hunting. And the male will bring it in. The female will grab that food and rip it apart and feed it individually to each of the babies. Very small pieces [00:09:31] about the time they're two weeks old, they can stand on their own and they can actually eat whole prey. And now that's something to see on itself, to watch these little critters take a vole or a small mouse and swallow that you think they're gonna choke. It's quite. For a parent, you know, you're worried, you know [00:09:53] once the, the youngest chick can feed itself, then mom will leave the nest for hunting too. No longer needed to rip food. And then it takes both parents to feed those animals. And because each of the young ones are gonna need three or more mice themselves. On top of mom and dad eating each needing 8, 6, 7, or eight themselves. [00:10:23] Average time to fledge is about nine weeks. Fledgling means they basically are fully feathered and ready to take off to see the world. They can test their wings sometimes, but to do so a lot of times there's no perch. There's just basically the entry and exit hole. That's why we find 'em so many times on the ground. They're curious. They get close to that or sometimes they can get pushed out again. Most of the time when we receive them, it's because they've fallen out of a nest. [00:10:58] , if they are on the ground, they're pretty much doomed because. There's raccoons in your area, Craig. You've got Bobcat, you've got mountain lions, coyotes. We're trying to get them back into that box as soon as we can. [00:11:13] Fledglings will continue to be fed by the parents for about three months, maybe even a little longer. By. Oh, I would say November. The fledglings will have dispersed if they were laid in the summer and they found a territory settled into a new Nest site. But life is hard for the new ones. It's true of owls and it's true of the raptors, hawks, eagles and things. The survival rate is low. The survival rates can average 37 to 65%. [00:11:54] Craig Macmillan: Hmm. [00:11:54] Bob Peak: But the odds improve greatly. If they make it past their first year, they gotta get the skills down. Many young barnells starve to death. Typically, they'll live only another three or four, three years through typical lifespan. [00:12:09] Craig Macmillan: Hmm. [00:12:10] Bob Peak: The barn owls do not typically hunt close to their nest box. They like to leave, they like to go to open fields where they can fly low. Listening for rodents. A lot of times, again, we think of them as using their sight, but they have incredible hearing as well. Just look at those ears on a great horn owl. [00:12:31] The one of the reasons why they get into trouble as well, when they're going close to the ground or just flying after something, they're looking down and they're not looking ahead. That's why they could easily run into the side of a truck. On a side, you know, a highway and you see them very frequently on the side of the road. 'cause that's just what they did. They ran right into the side of it. They can run into power poles, they run into anything that's there in front of them they can run into. So it's, it can be dangerous. About 80% of fatalities are from traffic casualties, 80%. It is really important to keep your nest boxes away from the road and the highway and the entrance hole. Of course, we talked about this, Craig is always facing east and never facing a busy road. [00:13:27] Would you like me to talk about the nest box that we have come to? [00:13:32] Craig Macmillan: Yeah. First of all though, i, you know, you mentioned, mice and voles most of vineyards are interested in gophers. How important are gophers to their diet? [00:13:43] Bob Peak: Oh, extremely. They're, they're just like a vole. Very similar. They're like the, the same thing. They love gophers. I think that you'll find it in in vineyards like yours where you take a more natural approach to things. You're letting much Mother Nature do this work. And the gophers are very delicious for these barn owls they're meaty usually. The mice can be a little smaller, it's very good. That's why they prefer a gopher or a vol. [00:14:18] I know that some of the vineyards around also will spray and we talked about this you know, using no, , insecticides and things like that where yours is a, you know, a kind of a, a free zone and when you're spraying on the ground and things chemicals. Those are picked up by the rodents and things of that nature and transferred to the barn owl. So, another reason to take your approach to vineyard management. Very important step. It's, it keeps everything safe. [00:14:53] Craig Macmillan: Let's talk about barn owl nesting boxes now. You mentioned, you mentioned a couple of things. You said nightmare road. The opening facing east is preferable. Will they not nest if the opening is facing north or west or south? [00:15:08] Bob Peak: They will, but you're gonna expose them to wind and air and possibly rain that will you know, get in there. That's typical. Most of our, our, our weather fronts are coming from west to east, so it gives them a little added protection [00:15:26] also to that sun coming up in the morning. It gives some warmth into the box. Yeah, but those are, those are the, the real key points. [00:15:35] Another one too, craig, is to make sure that the box is well ventilated. It has to have ventilation holes throughout the box. It's best to have 'em on the floor so any liquid that does get in there can go through as well as on the side, so you can get a breeze through there. [00:15:55] Size also is very important. If you can think about having eight of those little barn outlets with two parents in there, you need a big box and for them to really thrive. [00:16:10] The larger the box, the better. The I've seen some boxes that are so small that it just, it gives the owl outlets less of a chance because they feel that they have to fight to survive a little more when there's not enough space. And I've heard of other owletes pushing other owletes out of the box just to increase their chances of survival. You know, it's kind of one of those survival of the fittest things. So the more room they have, the better it is for everyone. [00:16:47] Craig Macmillan: How big is appropriate? [00:16:49] Bob Peak: I would say probably three feet by two feet, to three feet, and probably two to three feet tall. [00:16:58] Craig Macmillan: Oh, okay. That's a lot bigger than most of the boxes. I see. Yeah. [00:17:01] Bob Peak: They are, they're much bigger. We've looked at a lot of other facilities that rescue barn owls. [00:17:08] We've even gone over to England. They have a a, a program with their owls as well. They had one of the more interesting boxes. it had on the outside a platform. Purchase basically. So these young ones can get out there and see the world, test their wings and then get right back inside if they need to. [00:17:29] Much bigger boxes, much heavier to work with. Again, that was the thing that we found. We, it was just a heavy box, but it was exceptional. But it was big. And they need to be cleaned. So any box that's built needs to have an access port to where you can get into it every couple years and clean out the droppings which need to be done very carefully, because again, as you know, some animal droppings can cause us harm. So you wanna make sure you wear a mask. [00:18:01] Craig Macmillan: Right. [00:18:02] Bob Peak: Again there's all kinds of issues and that, or, discussions about having a perch on the outside or ledge on the outside of that box. [00:18:12] It's nice because they can get out there, have a chance of getting out and getting right back in and not falling to the ground. That perch also is a chance for a great horned owl to come over and get itself on there as well, or on any of the little. Ledges that you built. [00:18:32] The key to all of this is the size of that entry hole. That entry hole cannot be bigger than about five and a half inches, really, five to five and a half inches any bigger than that. You're gonna a, a great horned l be able to get in and then, and it's just, it's not good. [00:18:50] Craig Macmillan: Right. So the, horned owl is a predator [00:18:53] my. It is, you wouldn't think, you know, owl to owl stuff like that. But yeah, it is. They are probably one of the more other than traffic fatalities, it's the, great horned owl [00:19:06] They are very aggressive. They know where these things live. They're very smart. The great horned owl, and again. If you get a young one out on a perch and it's there, it's, it could be could be done. [00:19:20] I have seen, 'cause I've been to a lot of vineyards in the area and I've seen a lot of large holes in these boxes and I actually went into one and it, it was occupied by great horned owl. it laid eggs in the box. [00:19:38] Oh wow. [00:19:39] Bob Peak: So. Well that is something too about owls. Is they don't make nests. [00:19:45] , the great horned owl will and barn owl will find a cavity. The great horn owl's, not a cavity nester, but they'll take an old hawks nest or eagle nest or something and make it their own. And then they tend to get into trouble because they're usually using a nest that isn't in that good of a shape. [00:20:04] Craig Macmillan: Hmm. What are some other things about sighting of boxes? We, we know not close to a road. We know the direction of the, the, of the opening. What are some things that will encourage the bar nows to nest there based on their other behavior? [00:20:19] Bob Peak: I, I think that you just have, to know, about approximately how many acres you have and you want to place a box about every five acres. You can actually have more boxes depending on how much food you have for them, but anywhere between five to 10 acres per box. Again, with the parameters of facing these, being the correct size and everything. So if you have a 50 acre property, you're looking at anywhere between oh five to 10 boxes on that property. [00:20:54] Craig Macmillan: And something that. I had heard was that it's good to have them near a tree. So that they have someplace that they can land right away when they come out of the box. Is that true? [00:21:05] Bob Peak: Yeah. I, we, we've experimented with that Absolutely. Again that's a more natural setting for them where they would be in the the hollow of a tree and come out and possibly be on a branch. Absolutely. I like that. I like that better than being on a pole. [00:21:24] As long as you still have access to the clean out and, and isn't too, you know, dangerous for someone to get up there. Yeah. I like that better than being on a pole without a [00:21:34] Craig Macmillan: Well actually having it in a tree. [00:21:37] Bob Peak: yes, [00:21:37] Craig Macmillan: Oh, okay. Because what I had been told was that you'd want to have one because of the horn dial. You have one on a pole, but have it close to a tree where they can just shoot out and land on a branch and look around and see if there's a threat. [00:21:51] But you say, actually put it in the tree [00:21:55] Bob Peak: it in the tree. [00:21:56] Craig Macmillan: fascinating. That's really interesting. [00:21:58] The way that I met you is you were looking. For clutches to, how should we say, transplant? Some some outlets that, That you folks had. And I learned that barn owls are one of the few raptors That will actually foster outlets from other clutches. That's true. [00:22:18] Bob Peak: That that is correct, Craig. Very good. Good research. Yes. We found that the barn owls were exceptional foster parents, which really gives those guys a chance to make it. [00:22:31] We found out that like you mentioned, the hawks and others just really don't do it. In fact, it would be dangerous to even attempt in some of the species. [00:22:41] One of our, original founders of Pacific Wildlife Care, Kelly was very successful in well all. Many of the things that she does for Pacific Wildlife Care, but she was able to get a red shoulder, a female hawk, to foster young red shoulder hawks for many, many, many years, and gave many of those a chance that wouldn't have a chance. The, the quite amazing I lost my train of thought. [00:23:13] Craig Macmillan: Well, we were talking about fostering and what I had learned from you was you were looking at the clutch that we had at niner, and apparently you, you need to match. The foster bird to the family in terms of its age and development, is that correct. [00:23:32] Bob Peak: That that is correct. Do you want to throw that young one in where there's other young and where there aren't adolescents? I. To where it's gonna have a chance to get some food. [00:23:43] Another thing that one of the other parameters for finding a foster box, you know, a barnell box is The number in there. If there's already five in there, it would be hard for me to put a one or possibly two in there and put that much added stress on the parent. To feed it, and we really can't ensure that that young one's gonna get fed with that many in the box. [00:24:11] I look for one that has maybe three, two, or three, and that additional one or two outlets is not going to stress the parents and the other young ones. But yes, you, you try to match up with age and size as well. [00:24:30] Craig Macmillan: You had mentioned that a nesting pair might have multiple clutches during a year and of different sizes, and if I, remember correctly, that has to do with the availability of resources. [00:24:42] Bob Peak: Yeah, absolutely. Craig. I have found over the years you know, we've the living on the central coast, it's feast and famine with the rain as well. [00:24:53] And I've seen years we're going around to different wineries. There might be 15 boxes and 12 or 13 or 14 of 'em are occupied. I've also. Gone around different seasons and hit 30 boxes and only two of them were occupied. That's how bad the food situation was. [00:25:16] Where we get into a pinch with our fostering and the barn owls finding a home for 'em is that we have a lot of farmers and ranchers in the Paso area. And a lot of 'em , get that hay. Some of the best hay you can get is out of Oregon and they bring a lot of that alfalfa and hay down. And when they're in the moving those bales around, after the farmer gets a, a load they discover that there's owl outlets in the hay bales. We receive a lot of outlets through the bales of hay that are shipped to us here. Locally from outta state, and those are the ones that we must have a foster box for because there's no chance of ever reuniting with their original parents. [00:26:07] Craig Macmillan: How do they end up in there? How do they end up in the hay? [00:26:10] Bob Peak: Oh, well, , imagine a big, giant stack of hay, 15 feet tall and you know, it sat there for months they'll, you know, there's little spots where they can get in and. It's quite nice for a nest. The they'll also use, palm trees and things of that nature where they can get in there. Yeah, so it's quite common for 'em to get into hay? bales [00:26:33] Craig Macmillan: What conditions overall, we've talked about a couple of different things, but like in the, in the grand scheme, what are the kinds of conditions that they're gonna be looking for in a, in a nesting box? I. [00:26:45] Bob Peak: as far as the owls and owls [00:26:47] Craig Macmillan: Yeah. So the, So when the nesting pair, is it, does the male find the nest and then attract the female or the other way around? [00:26:55] Or do they call up some kind of a bird, bird box realtor and go look at different, look at look at different spots and say, I like this one better than that one. Or [00:27:04] Bob Peak: that's a good question. I think it's more the female you know, they have that nesting instinct. 'cause they're gonna be laying the eggs. And I think that it's just, it's more like any, any female would tell you it's, it's a feel. it. feels good this place. And they don't tend to wander off very far from when, where they were born. [00:27:28] So this place has felt good to her for a while. A lot of times they'll use the same box over every single year. So that's why, again, it's nice to you know, you could even add boxes depending on, you know, just how many boxes are occupied. You can tell if you, if you've got 15 boxes and 13 or 14 of 'em are occupied, you could probably put more boxes on your property. [00:27:55] Craig Macmillan: In. Interesting. Yeah, I've seen that myself in vineyards where there'll be a one box located in just a spot. Doesn't seem to be very interesting to me or anything special. And the ground below it is just littered with, with pellets and bones and skulls and it is been going on for years, obviously. And then you go down 50 yards and there's nothing like the box doesn't look like the box has ever been in inhabited. [00:28:21] Bob Peak: Very true. [00:28:23] Craig Macmillan: And, it just has to do with kind of where they came from and they like to come back to the same box. I, think that's interesting. [00:28:30] Bob Peak: And, and it's more of a feel too, again of, of what's around, is there a wire that they have to dodge? Is there a tree? They might have seen a great horn owl over there in that other spot. Yeah. There, there, there's no telling what has, but mainly that nesting instinct drives that female to that box. [00:28:51] Craig Macmillan: Are there particular conditions you think that are like big, big red flags? You mentioned the presence of barn ows. You mentioned is there a wire? Are there definitely some situations where if I'm gonna place a box I, can look around and kind of go, yeah, it's probably not the best spot [00:29:05] Bob Peak: I, I think the key is what we, we, we were just talking about with wires, anything that's gonna get them tangled up. Sometimes the I've seen netting in trees. To keep reptiles even out, and you want to avoid placing a box around there. But I think the main thing is again, where most fatalities occur are close to the road. Keep them away from the road. That, that, that, that's really the most important. [00:29:32] Craig Macmillan: Something that I heard that I don't know is true was that when you, there are two things. [00:29:38] One, there's the question of whether you should paint the box or not, [00:29:42] and then two, that they won't come and nest unless the boxes had a chance to weather for a year or so. Are either of those true? [00:29:52] Bob Peak: , we've talked about that the painting on the outside of the box is fine. Throw up some white on there to you know, kind of keep it from getting too hot, but you don't want to paint the inside. The paint is fumey. The chicks could pick at it with their beaks. So there's all kinds of reasons why you wouldn't want it on the inside, but certainly on the outside. Yes. [00:30:17] You also want to avoid wood that has particular odors. There can be some wood that is very, very pungent cedars and things like that. And you want to be careful about that. So just a regular pine or regular fir box. And I think there's one that's preferable to another, but I'm not sure what that is. Pine versus fir. I could find out though. [00:30:44] Craig Macmillan: Well what, what about just basic plywood? [00:30:47] Bob Peak: Yeah. Well that's made out of a, usually a fir or a pine. [00:30:51] Craig Macmillan: Hmm. [00:30:52] Bob Peak: Exactly. [00:30:54] You can run that whitewash on the outside give it the vent holes. That's really the only only parameters. [00:31:03] Craig Macmillan: Are there other things that a grower can do to make an nesting box more attractive? I. [00:31:08] Bob Peak: I, I don't really have a mailbox out front or maybe a, you know, welcome some welcome home [00:31:15] Craig Macmillan: Just supply some gophers right in front of the box. [00:31:18] Bob Peak: yeah, maybe some gophers hanging outside now that might do it. No, not really. I think again, it's just a matter of need and a matter of availability. [00:31:30] Craig Macmillan: Right are there, are there other birds that compete for the nesting habitat, the naturally occurring habitat, [00:31:39] Bob Peak: As far as, [00:31:41] Craig Macmillan: I've heard that kestrels can be a competitor. [00:31:43] Bob Peak: yeah, kestrels are cavity nesters. That's a fact. But I think there's so many more options for them. They're much smaller. I. And there's so many little nooks and crannies and trees and other things like that to where most of the times, , I've not seen in my practice a kestrel in a barn owl box. I have seen great horns in there, but not kestrels. [00:32:10] Craig Macmillan: Got it. Is there one thing that you would tell a grower? One piece of advice that you would tell a grape grower on this topic? [00:32:20] Bob Peak: Let nature watch over your property. [00:32:23] Craig Macmillan: That's good [00:32:23] Bob Peak: It's been doing it since before you got here, and it'll do it after you've gone. That's how it's always worked. And work with it. And not work against it. [00:32:38] Craig Macmillan: It makes, makes a lot of sense. Where can people find out more about you in wildlife? [00:32:44] Bob Peak: Best is to go to our Facebook page or our webpage at pacificwildlifecare.org. Facebook page is great because there's a lot of videos and pictures. If you have children, it's wonderful because we have release videos there. [00:33:03] They can click on different links once they get to our Facebook page, find out ways to get involved. We're always, again, we're a 501(c)3 nonprofit, so like all of those, we're always looking for two things, people and money. So there's gonna be plenty of opportunity for people to get involved in both ways there on our websites. [00:33:26] And we have a lot of really, really wonderful things coming up. With this new facility there we're, really quite excited. [00:33:33] They can also call us at 805-543-WILD. That's really more of a, you know, a rescue line. But if you have general questions and you want to know more, you can please call them and they'll help you out in any way you want. [00:33:51] Craig Macmillan: That's fantastic. And actually I, do have one more question just occurred to me. If I do come along and find some outlets, they're out of the box, clearly they're not able to fly or they're not ready to go. , how do I handle that? [00:34:07] Bob Peak: Excellent. Thank you for bringing that up. That's an excellent question, Craig. [00:34:11] Best thing to do is to realize that. These young little outlets, as young as they look and as innocent as they look, they've got some talons on them. So you always want to avoid getting your hands near, near their, their their talents. [00:34:29] But the most important thing with a young one that falls out is to keep them warm. I would place them inside a box, put some bedding down or something in there to let them get snuggled into it. And call Pacific Wildlife Care, our hotline, and we'll have someone out there asap to get this guy give them a chance, but keep them warm and sheltered. For the night. You might have to hold them overnight, but as long as they're warm they'll be fine. And to not feed there's no need to give the animals any food. [00:35:04] Craig Macmillan: And, we have listeners around the nation and around the world, and I would imagine that there are similar organizations located in every state and the union. And so just do a little research And, find who your local people are. Because I was doing research on this myself preparing for the interview, And, I was really impressed by , the network really of wildlife rehabilitation globally around the world. I think there's actually an international association, if I remember right. [00:35:30] Bob Peak: Yeah. And thanks for bringing that up. We can't do this by ourselves. That's why we need our volunteers. We need other organizations as you mentioned. [00:35:41] We find that so many times when we have gotten in a pinch, we have relied on the Ojai raptor center. They have been invaluable as far as us being able to bring them animals that , we weren't able to take care of, but they are. [00:35:58] So if they can't do it, we can, or vice versa. It's an important network that one way or another we'll get it done. 'cause we have, volunteers that will travel anywhere to take care of these animals. [00:36:12] Craig Macmillan: That's fantastic. [00:36:14] Well. This was a great conversation. I, like I said, I met you when you were looking for a place to foster some owls, and it was just really, really, fascinating to me, having been around this topic for a very, very long time. the barn owl is kind of the mascot of vineyard team. It's on a lot of our, a lot of our stuff. And so we've been, we've been following this for a long time and I learned more from you in about an hour. Then I had learned in the preceding several decades, let's just put it. that way, several decades. And I, And I, really appreciated that. It was really, really great. And I really appreciate you being a guest. [00:36:50] Again, our guest today was Bob Peak. He's a volunteer with Civic Wildlife Care in san Luis Obispo County. And yeah, just thanks for being on the podcast. It's a really real pleasure. [00:37:01] Bob Peak: Thank you Craig. And again, thank you, for this opportunity. Again, please check out Pacific Wildlife Care. you'll love it. [00:37:08] [00:37:12] Beth Vukmanic: Thank you for listening. [00:37:13] Today's podcast was brought to you by Helena Agri Enterprises. Founded in 1957, Helena Agri Enterprises has grown to be one of the nation's foremost agricultural and specialty formulators and distributors In the United States products and services offered include crop protection products. Fertilizer specialized nutrients, seeds, and precision ag services and software. Helena's overriding goal is to help its customers succeed. This is achieved with a unique combination of dedicated and knowledgeable people, unique and useful products, and the latest technical knowledge. The company defines its own success through the success of its customers. [00:37:56] Make sure you check out the show notes. For links to Pacific Wildlife Care, the barn owl Trust in the United Kingdom, UC Davis' Raptor Center, plus Sustainable Winegrowing Podcast episodes 58 barnells 84 Falconry Bird Abatement, and 118 managing rodent pests and vineyards with integrated pest management. [00:38:18] If you liked the show, you can do us a big favor by sharing it with a friend, subscribing and leaving us a review. You can find all of the podcasts at vineyardteam.org/podcast, and you could reach us at podcast@vineyardteam.org. [00:38:31] Until next time, this is Sustainable Wine Growing with the Vineyard team.   Nearly perfect transcription by Descript

How do you become a Business Banker? In this episode of Good Job, New Mexico, host Stacy Johnston talks with her husband, Brad Johnston, a Business Banker whose career has taken him from working at a pool in Los Alamos to managing the largest Wells Fargo branch in Phoenix, Arizona to becoming a VP Business Relationship Manager at New Mexico Bank & Trust in Albuquerque. Co-host Veronica Robledo joins the conversation as they dig into the realities of career growth, change, and resilience. Brad shares: What it was like to be laid off, and how he moved forward His perspective as a hiring manager in the banking world Lessons learned from non-linear career paths Advice for job seekers trying to stand out If you're navigating career transitions, job interviews, or leadership roles, this episode has practical takeaways you can actually use to further your own career.

Our guest this episode is Tyler Mills, an instructor at Sarah Lawrence College's Writing Institute and an award-winning poet whose work has appeared in – among many other publications – The New Yorker, The Guardian, and The Kenyon Review. She joins us to discuss her new mixed-media memoir, The Bomb Cloud, published in 2024 by Unbound Editions Press. The book takes its title from an “unauthorized” photograph of the mushroom cloud spreading over Nagasaki after it was bombed in World War II, a photo Tyler found in an album belonging to her late grandfather, who served as a pilot during the war and who claimed to have been secretly involved with the mission to drop the bomb. Our interview covers a range of topics, including: how Tyler came to spend several years living and working in New Mexico, near the sites that constitute ground zero for the Atomic Age; the challenges of researching in an archive defined by secrecy and erasure; the ekphrastic nature of The Bomb Cloud, and Tyler's technique of collaging photos from the Trinity nuclear-test explosion to capture the violent “gaze of the perceiver who witnesses an act of harm and knowingly keeps those nearby away from this knowledge.” We also chat about how authoring this book changed Tyler's perception of what she can do as a writer; the differences between the “I” of lyric poetry and the “I” of memoir; the role of literary form and aesthetic beauty in the nuclear era; and how people living in “atomic communities” like Los Alamos – or like Amarillo, TX, located 20 miles from the nation's largest nuclear disassembly plant – can come to terms with the possibility of disaster and violence “so terrible, so deeply imprinted into our collective consciousness that we don't want to see it.” *** To read some of Tyler's poetry and essays – and to sign up for her monthly poetry prompt – you can visit her website, tylermills.com. You can also read some of her work at poetryfoundation.org.

Reach out to Cody and Buhler to tell them what's up!Who doesn't love a high-profile backup quarterback?That has to be the only reason why former Texas star Quinn Ewers ended up nosediving to the Miami Dolphins in the seventh round, right?That is the information his agent was given...Anywho, John Buhler (Lead Writer, FanSided.com) had to fly solo like a cup on account of Los Alamos thunderstorms wreaking havoc on Cody Williams (Content Director, FanSided.com) and his domicile.Buhler touched on Steve Angeli to Syracuse and why that is cool, as well as fellow Georgia Bulldog Brock Bowers telling the Las Vegas Raiders to briefly take a hike in getting that sweet BBA in finance from UGA.It doesn't matter what your Wonderlic score is, as long as you listen to False Start!

In this episode we discuss why Tozer moved from Idaho Falls to Los Alamos. We also learn how Tozer became the Father of LANL's Information System that tracks hazardous waste. 

Harald Malmgren was an advisor to multiple US presidents, including JFK, and involved in numerous historic incidents, including in the war room during the Cuban missile crisis. Days before he died, he gave a final interview to Jesse Michels, exploring his interactions with the UAP topic throughout his life. He makes several interesting claims, including that he saw footage of a UFO being brought down during a nuclear test, held UAP debris in Los Alamos, and was briefed on UAP crash recoveries by CIA deputy director Richard Bissell.You can find show notes and references at our website, ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠VeryExcitingTime.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, or support us at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠patreon.com/VeryExcitingTime⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.

Is there actual, physical evidence that Jesus rose from the dead?In this episode, we dive deep into one of the most fascinating—and controversial—artifacts in human history: The Shroud of Turin.We'll explore:Why scientists from NASA, Los Alamos, and Oxford have spent decades analyzing this linen clothHow the image on the Shroud defies explanation—neither painted, burned, nor wovenThe connection between the blood stains, pollen grains, and Roman crucifixion woundsWhat the Gospel accounts (especially Luke 24) say about the empty tombWhy Peter ran to the tomb—and what it means for us todayWhether you're a skeptic, seeker, or seasoned believer, this episode will challenge you to rethink what you thought you knew about the resurrection.

Think you have to be perfect for God to use you? Think again! In this powerful message, we’re kicking off our Easter season with a message titled, “No Perfect People Allowed." God isn’t looking for flawless people, He’s calling the broken, the messy, and the ordinary to do something EXTRAORDINARY! If you’ve ever felt unworthy, disqualified, or like your past mistakes define you, this message is for YOU! Discover how God not only loves imperfect people but also uses them to impact the world in ways they never imagined.

Episode 127 In part 21 of our Sinai and Synapses interview series, we are talking with Rabbi Dr Jack Shlachter.    Jack Shlachter is a physicist who worked at Los Alamos National Laboratory for over thirty years with briefer stints at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York, the Atomic Energy Agency, and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization, the latter two based in Vienna, Austria; he led both the Physics Division and Theoretical Division during his LANL career. In parallel, Jack is an ordained rabbi who led the Jewish congregation in Los Alamos for many years, was the rabbi in Center Moriches, NY, during his years at Brookhaven, and now serves as rabbi of HaMakom, a congregation in Santa Fe, NM as well as the Los Alamos Jewish Center. He has also provided itinerant rabbinic support to far-flung Jewish communities including those in Vienna, Austria,  Beijing, China, and Warsaw, Poland.   Sinai and Synapses - https://sinaiandsynapses.org/   Support this podcast on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/DowntheWormholepodcast   More information at https://www.downthewormhole.com/   produced by Zack Jackson music by Zack Jackson and Barton Willis 

Happy Monday! Sam and Emma break down the biggest headlines of the day. First, they run through updates on the White House's refusal to oblige court orders halting its deportation planes, Trump's invocation of the Alien Enemies Act, Trump's brutal deportations, NIH's scrubbing of mRNA research grants, Trump's bombardment of Yemen, Schumer's book tour, dropping Democratic popularity, DOGE cuts to Los Alamos, Trump's reversal of Biden pardons, the Voice of America, and the court-ordered rehiring of federal employees, before diving a little deeper into Senator Schumer's capitulation to Trump and the GOP's budget push. Next, they highlight the immediate result of Schumer and Senate Democrats' affirmation of the Trump/Musk agenda, as the Trump regime spent this weekend expanding their regime of brutal abductions and inhumane migrant abuses, looking to the illegal flight of migrants to El Salvador (and the corresponding Twitter promos), and the recently released video by the ACLU of ICE's abduction of Mahmoud Khalil. They also dissect Schumer's reflections on voting “yes” to advance the Elon/Trump GOP budget, exploring his willing adoption of the Trump Administration's framing of the “Continuing Resolution,” his eagerness to let GOP Congresspeople shirk any responsibility for the Trump/Musk agenda, and the damage the vote has wrought on the Democratic Party itself – including the Party's record-low approval rating and the growing divide between Senate leadership and the Party caucus. And in the Fun Half: Sam and Emma watch Chris Murphy blatantly refuse to state his confidence in Chuck Schumer's leadership and unpack Batya Ungar-Sargon's insane argument for “MAGA Leftism” on Bill Maher. Pete Thiel and Dave Rubin mock HBCUs for being “dumb,” Mimi from Colorado has a PSA for ICE operations in Colorado and the importance of trusting librarians. Craig from LA explores the defense of Social Security in Congress, and Ben from Memphis on Kyle Rittenhouse's speaking appearance at the University of Memphis. Chuck Edwards explains his alignment with Trump's imperial goals, and Perry from Lexington touches on the GOP's major roadblock to trans healthcare in Kentucky with HB-495, plus, your calls and IMs! Become a member at JoinTheMajorityReport.com: https://fans.fm/majority/join Follow us on TikTok here!: https://www.tiktok.com/@majorityreportfm Check us out on Twitch here!: https://www.twitch.tv/themajorityreport Find our Rumble stream here!: https://rumble.com/user/majorityreport Check out our alt YouTube channel here!: https://www.youtube.com/majorityreportlive Gift a Majority Report subscription here: https://fans.fm/majority/gift Subscribe to the ESVN YouTube channel here: https://www.youtube.com/esvnshow Subscribe to the AMQuickie newsletter here: https://am-quickie.ghost.io/ Join the Majority Report Discord! https://majoritydiscord.com/ Get all your MR merch at our store: https://shop.majorityreportradio.com/ Get the free Majority Report App!: https://majority.fm/app Go to https://JustCoffee.coop and use coupon code majority to get 10% off your purchase! Check out today's sponsors: You can get an extra four months FREE. ExpressVPN dot com slash majority. ExpressVPN: Get an extra 4 months free. Expressvpn.com/Majority FastGrowingTrees: get an ADDITIONAL FIFTEEN PERCENT OFF at Fast Growing Trees dot com using the code MAJORITY at checkout. Get 15% off your first purchase.  FastGrowingTrees.com/majority Follow the Majority Report crew on Twitter: @SamSeder @EmmaVigeland @MattLech @BradKAlsop Check out Matt's show, Left Reckoning, on Youtube, and subscribe on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/leftreckoning Check out Matt Binder's YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/mattbinder Subscribe to Brandon's show The Discourse on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/ExpandTheDiscourse Check out Ava Raiza's music here! https://avaraiza.bandcamp.com/ The Majority Report with Sam Seder - https://majorityreportradio.com/

It could be argued that biology has always boiled down to chemistry, and that chemistry has always boiled down to physics. However, not many would deny that the fields of biology and chemistry are overlapping more than ever, with both leveraging computing methods, also more than ever. This conversation with Dr. Ramesh Jha, Technical Staff Member at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), crosses biology, chemistry, and computing methods. The work of his biome team at LANL uses computational tools to inform the design of enzymes that are produced via PCR-based cloning and then expressed in microbes. They use fluorescent gene circuits in these microbes, along with flow cytometry, to screen these large libraries for advantageous gain-of-function variants. When they find an interesting mutation, they isolate it, sequence it, and produce and evaluate those biocatalytic enzymes for bioremediation, biomanufacturing, and other important applications. Ramesh makes this complex and interdisciplinary science approachable and gives hope to how it could help address problems of “forever chemicals” and other environmental and manufacturing challenges. Join us for this interesting and inspiring conversation.  Subscribe to get future episodes as they drop and if you like what you're hearing we hope you'll share a review or recommend the series to a colleague.  Visit the Invitrogen School of Molecular Biology to access helpful molecular biology resources and educational content, and please share this resource with anyone you know working in molecular biology. For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.

Hey Strangers, #AlexandrWang #scaleai #ai In a bold move last month, Scale AI CEO Alexandr Wang took out a full-page ad in The Washington Post, telling President Trump that “America must win the AI war.”The statement sparked mixed reactions, as seen during Wang's appearance Sunday during the opening night of Web Summit Qatar. When Wang's interviewer, Axios' Felix Salmon, polled the room, asking how many people agreed with that opinion, he counted just two hands. When he asked the room how many disagreed, Salmon noted an “overwhelming” number of hands went up.So Salmon asked Wang to defend his opinion. “AI is going to fundamentally change the nature of national security,” Wang explained. He noted that he grew up in Los Alamos, New Mexico “the birthplace of the atomic bomb” and that both of his parents were physicists who worked at the National Lab.=======================================Go to the Piza partyhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWIgGxr4VXk&t=42s**************************************************My other podcasthttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKpvBEElSl1dD72Y5gtepkw**************************************************article links:https://techcrunch.com/2025/02/24/web-summit-attendees-arent-buying-scale-ai-ceos-push-for-america-to-win-the-ai-war/======================================Today is for push-ups and Programming and I am all done doing push-ups Discordhttps://discord.gg/MYvNgYYFxqTikTokhttps://www.tiktok.com/@strangestcoderYoutubehttps://www.youtube.com/@codingwithstrangersTwitchhttps://www.twitch.tv/CodingWithStrangersTwitterhttps://twitter.com/strangestcoderBlueSkyhttps://bsky.app/profile/strangestcoder.bsky.socialmerchSupport CodingWithStrangers IRL by purchasing some merch. All merch purchases include an alert: https://streamlabs.com/codingwithstrangers/merchGithubFollow my works of chaos https://github.com/codingwithstrangersTipshttps://streamlabs.com/codingwithstrangers/tipPatreonpatreon.com/TheStrangersTimeline00:00 Cold Open04:00 What are we talking about 09:20 My Thoughts13:00 outro anything else?Take CareSend in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/coding-with-strangers/message

In this episode of NUCLECAST, Adam speaks with Dr. Rob Soofer, a senior fellow in the Forward Defense practice of the Atlantic Council's Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security, where he leads its Nuclear Strategy Project. They discuss the evolving threats from countries like North Korea, Russia, and China, and the need for a robust missile defense strategy that reassures allies and deters adversaries. Soofer emphasizes the necessity of a layered missile defense system and the challenges posed by budgetary constraints in achieving these goals. The conversation also touches on the future of missile defense technology, including space-based capabilities and the importance of bipartisan support for defense initiatives.He is also an adjunct professor at Georgetown University's Center for Security Studies, teaching courses in nuclear strategy, missile defense, and arms control. He serves as a consultant for the Sandia, Los Alamos, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories as well as the Institute for Defense Analyses.Soofer was deputy assistant secretary of defense for nuclear and missile defense policy from April 2017 to January 2021. In this capacity, he was co director of the Nuclear Posture Review and Missile Defense Review and led their implementation; testified before Congress on nuclear and missile defense policy; led biannual nuclear staff talks with key allies; served as US representative to the NATO High Level Group for nuclear planning; and was the secretary of defense representative to the US-Russia nuclear arms control talks. Previously, Soofer served for eight years as a professional staff member and Republican staff lead for the Subcommittee on Strategic Forces of the Senate Armed Services Committee and as strategic forces policy advisor to Senator Jon Kyl (R-AZ), then the Republican whip. He also was military legislative assistant to former Senator Slade Gorton (R-WA) and professional staff member on the Senate Republican Policy Committee. He taught at the National War College for three years as professor of national-security policy and served for eight years in various policy and international-affairs positions with the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization/Missile Defense Agency. In 2003, he was called to active duty as a lieutenant commander in the Naval Reserve and assigned to the newly created Terrorist Threat Integration Center. Soofer received his doctorate in international relations from the University of Southern California and is a graduate of the National War College. He was awarded the Department of Defense Exceptional Civilian Service Medal and Distinguished Public Service Medal and is the author of Missile Defenses and Western European Security (Greenwood Press, 1988). Socials:Follow on Twitter at @NucleCastFollow on LinkedIn: https://linkedin.com/company/nuclecastpodcastSubscribe RSS Feed: https://rss.com/podcasts/nuclecast-podcast/Rate: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/nuclecast/id1644921278Email comments and topic/guest suggestions to NucleCast@anwadeter.org

Paul Wyld, https://paulwyld.com/ author of Jim Morrison Secret Teacher of the Occult: A Journey to the Other Side joins Luxa https://linktr.ee/LuxaStrata to discuss how Jim Morrison, lead singer of the legendary rock group, The Doors, can be thought of as someone on the type of spiritual journey that author Manly Palmer Hall references in his influential classic, The Secret Teachings of All Ages. Topics covered include Jim Morrison's life and career, his music, his persecution and subsequent prosecution by the US authorities and his tragic later years and somewhat mysterious death. It's a journey that takes us across the world and touches on everything from development of nuclear weapons at Los Alamos to Shakesprear's Hamlet, to MK Ultra, to Jim's struggles with alcohol and his ill-reputed alter ego, Jimbo. We also learn what Jim Morrison can teach us about songwriting, and about what it means to walk the path of one of Hall's Secret Teachers. Luxa shares listener mail and an update about The Green Mushroom Project https://greenmushroomproject.com/ and Void House- creating consent forward magical spaces for conducting group work both in person and online, investigating the magical and alchemical properties of consent and providing consent education to magically inclined people. Much Love! Thanks for listening to the Lux Occult Podcast! Support the show by helping Luxa buy books and curtail other costs, as well as taking a bibliomancy break by giving on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/luxoccult . Or, Buy Me a Coffee. https://www.buymeacoffee.com/luxoccultpod?new=1 We would love to hear from you! Please send your thoughts, questions, suggestions or arcane revelations to luxoccultpod@gmail.com or message on Instagram @luxoccultpod https://www.instagram.com/luxoccultpod/ and on BlueSky https://bsky.app/profile/luxastrata919.bsky.social Paul Wyld https://paulwyld.com/ Landback NDN Collective https://ndncollective.org/landback/ Green Mushroom Project https://greenmushroomproject.com/ Ask for a link to our Discord server! CALL FOR SUBMISSIONS- Fuck Around and Find Out Pt. 3: Sorcerous Recipes for Resistance, Resilience, and More from The Green Mushroom Project https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vSlzdwOAD04fb0SVTVnqLmoXU6Vj3fapeYa2w1ixiOQWJLEz8v5KrUU-P-aRfwgwhx6eqvGeCjO-IqT/pub 23:Bibliomancy Zoom Chat August 23rd, 2024: Influence, Cults, and Politics https://youtu.be/Sq5pEMhvYjw Khaíre Enodia! A Hekatean Ceremony for Enchanting Items for Domestic Abuse Survivor Shelters https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vSCbbSDiDsjhV0p12NVHN6DlMxDpjKpeSWfrEJr_3o42vuIx06v9E9-s0cuuyZukEihVatl7sgEv-lx/pub EYES OF YOUR EYES- Luxa Strata ft. Folds & Floods https://youtu.be/EfdQ-pJEBsg Check out The Consent Academy https://www.consent.academy/

Life gets noisy—emails, texts, work, social media… it’s all demanding your attention. But what if, in the middle of all that, God is speaking directly to you?

TODAY marks seven incredible years of God’s faithfulness here at Freedom Church! As we gather to celebrate, we’ll see that God can use us right here, right now, in our own "Malta" moments. Come ready to celebrate the past, embrace the present, and anticipate the future.

What are you running after in life? SUCCESS? COMFORT? PLEASURE? Today at Freedom, we’re cutting through the noise and asking the tough questions. Let’s get real about what’s worth chasing and how to lock in on the stuff that actually matters. JOIN US TODAY to learn how to live with PURPOSE, GRIT, AND HOPE that stands the test of time.

German-born physicist Klaus Fuchs played a key role in the development of the first atomic bomb during World War Two.The project, known as the Manhattan Project, was led by scientist J Robert Oppenheimer at Los Alamos in the US.But, in January 1950, Fuchs admitted passing top secret nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union and was sentenced to 14 years in jail.His nephew Klaus Fuchs-Kittowski tells Louise Hidalgo about his uncle. This programme was first broadcast in 2015. To hear more about the story of Klaus Fuchs, the spy who changed history, search for The Bomb, wherever you get your BBC podcasts.Eye-witness accounts brought to life by archive. Witness History is for those fascinated by the past. We take you to the events that have shaped our world through the eyes of the people who were there. For nine minutes every day, we take you back in time and all over the world, to examine wars, coups, scientific discoveries, cultural moments and much more. Recent episodes explore everything from football in Brazil, the history of the ‘Indian Titanic' and the invention of air fryers, to Public Enemy's Fight The Power, subway art and the political crisis in Georgia. We look at the lives of some of the most famous leaders, artists, scientists and personalities in history, including: visionary architect Antoni Gaudi and the design of the Sagrada Familia; Michael Jordan and his bespoke Nike trainers; Princess Diana at the Taj Mahal; and Görel Hanser, manager of legendary Swedish pop band Abba on the influence they've had on the music industry. You can learn all about fascinating and surprising stories, such as the time an Iraqi journalist hurled his shoes at the President of the United States in protest of America's occupation of Iraq; the creation of the Hollywood commercial that changed advertising forever; and the ascent of the first Aboriginal MP.(Photo: Klaus Fuchs. Credit Jung/ullstein bild via Getty Images)

Join us as we dive deep into the perplexing mystery of the Taos Hum! This unexplained phenomenon has baffled scientists and residents for decades. Is it a natural occurrence, a government conspiracy, or something even more extraordinary? We'll explore the various theories, from industrial and geological explanations to secret underground bases and extraterrestrial activity.   Topics Covered:   The Taos Hum: A low-frequency droning sound heard by a small percentage of the population in Taos, New Mexico. Acoustic Mystery: The sound is more audible indoors and at night, making its source difficult to pinpoint.   Theories: Industrial and Environmental: Gas pipelines, high voltage power lines, or other industrial activities. Geological: Micro-seismic activity or vibrations from the Earth's crust. Psychological and Social: Mass hysteria, psychogenic illness, or the cultural mystique of Taos. Conspiracy Theories: Secret government experiments, extraterrestrial activity, psychological warfare.   Underground Bases: Speculation about secret government or extraterrestrial bases in the Taos area.   The Dulce Base: A rumored underground facility in Dulce, New Mexico, where hybrid UFOs are supposedly created.   Bob Lazar: A controversial figure who claims to have worked on reverse-engineering extraterrestrial technology at Area 51.   Volcanic Rock and Wind: A theory that the hum is caused by wind interacting with the porous volcanic rock in the Taos Gorge.   Tympani: The phenomenon of rocks producing tones when wind passes over them.   Los Alamos National Laboratory: Speculation about the lab's involvement in the hum and its extensive underground facilities.   Sandia National Laboratories: Another national lab in New Mexico with rumored underground facilities.   Key Discussions:   The challenges of identifying the source of the hum. The possibility of the hum being a byproduct of advanced technology. The potential for collaboration between the government and extraterrestrials. The psychological impact of the hum on Taos residents. The increase in UFO sightings and its possible connection to military activity. The likelihood of advanced alien civilizations engaging in disruptive behavior. The prevalence of misinformation and fear surrounding aliens and government conspiracies.   Questions for Listeners:   Have you ever heard the Taos Hum? What do you think is the most plausible explanation for the hum?   Additional Resources:   Documentaries on the Taos Hum Information on the Taos Gorge and volcanic rock formations Articles or studies on tympani Websites or videos about Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories   Call to Action:   Leave a comment with your thoughts and experiences.   Subscribe to the channel for more fascinating discussions on unexplained phenomena.

Tune in here to this Friday edition of the Brett Winterble Show!   Brett kicks off the program With Pete Kaliner for The Hangover as they discuss nuclear weapons with Brett recalling his visit to Los Alamos, New Mexico, where he saw remnants of a nuclear test., geographical knowledge, U.S. politics, and government spending, and Later in The Show Brett Talks about The role of individuals like Todd Blanche, Pam Bondi, and Jim Trustee in potentially assisting Donald Trump with legal matters, using their connections in the Department of Justice to investigate and uncover information. Bo Thompson from Good Morning BT is also here for this Friday's episode of Crossing the Streams. Brett and Bo talk about discuss the upcoming weekend, like the game between the Carolina Panthers and the Kansas City Chiefs, Bo mentions the swirling rumors surrounding figures like Pete Hegseth and Linda McMahon but expects less controversy with Bondi,also Brett and Bo discuss the return of McDonald's McRib, an annual event that has garnered a loyal following. Bo also shares what He and Beth have coming up Monday on Good Morning BT!  Listen here for all of this and more on The Brett Winterble Show! For more from Brett Winterble check out his YouTube channel.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In our sixth and final episode of the Fire in the Southwest Series—sponsored by the Southwest Fire Science Consortium and the Arizona Wildfire Initiative—we explore the complex, multicultural fire histories and management dynamics in New Mexico, with State Forester and Tribal Liaison Lindsey Quam.New Mexico's recent relationship with fire has been fraught with distrust in the aftermath of the 2022 Calf Canyon Hermits Peak Fire, which started from an escaped prescribed fire and an escaped pile burn. Lindsey's career has been bookended by such events, having started his career in Los Alamos, NM in the aftermath of the 2000 Cerro Grande Fire, which also started as an escaped prescribed fire. This has allowed him to witness first hand how public trust has ebbed and flowed around the use of prescribed fire. It's also presented opportunities for him to help shape and better understand the many mixed emotions New Mexicans have around this topic.Lindsey spoke to how the intersecting cultures and management values across New Mexico—including Indigenous peoples, the Hispanic population and, well, white people—presents challenges but also opportunities in trying to extoll the merits of prescribed fire."There's no dispute amongst native New Mexicans who live off the land—there is a recognition that fire is important and necessary, but there's also a fear," Lindsey, who is himself a member of the Zuni Pueblo, said.Lindsey also shared how his agency is scaling up forest treatments through collaboration, and establishing priority landscapes to implement landscape-scale resilience projects.If you'd like to learn more about acequias, which are mentioned in this episode, I can't recommend Patrick Lohmann's reporting enough. He is a journalist with Source NM and did some stellar reporting on the impacts of the Calf Canyon Hermits Peak Fire on acequias and traditional (and often rural) communities in northern New Mexico. 

In today's legal world, transparency plays a crucial role, but what happens when secrecy serves a greater purpose? This unique episode takes you back into an era where secrecy was paramount… but what does this mean for our future? In this episode of Cut to the Chase: Podcast, we're joined by Galina Vromen, an esteemed international journalist and author of the compelling historical fiction novel "Hill of Secrets." We've invited her to the show to uncover the hidden depths of life at Los Alamos and explore how secrecy influenced families and the broader community during the Manhattan Project. Set against the backdrop of Los Alamos during the Manhattan Project (1943-1945), Galina's book explores the impact of secrecy on the families of scientists developing nuclear weapons. She shares insights into her writing process, the evolving notion of transparency in society, and her personal ties to nuclear issues. Galina's research led her to discover her own father's secret involvement in a nuclear project proposal in the 1950s, which he eventually declined. If you're a history and mystery lover, this episode is for you! While you listen, we invite you to reflect on the role of secrets in your own life and the broader societal implications of transparency. What to expect in this episode: Overview of "Hill of Secrets" and its unique angle on Los Alamos Character insights & the emotional complexities they face Galina's background and journey as an author and translator Her writing process, challenges faced, and inspiration for “Hill of Secrets” The role of secrets and transparency in personal and societal contexts Galina's plans to write a sequel Key Takeaways for Law Professionals: It's important to maintain ethical boundaries while dealing with sensitive information. Balancing transparency with confidentiality is vital in client relationships. You can learn a lot from historical contexts about better managing information in high-stakes scenarios. Narratives and storytelling play a major role in comprehending and presenting complex legal cases. Always strive to practice perseverance and resilience in facing professional challenges. Stay tuned for more updates, and don't miss our next deep dive on Cut to The Chase: Podcast with Gregg Goldfarb! Subscribe, rate, review, and share this episode of the Cut to the Chase: Podcast to stay ahead in your legal practice!   Resources: Buy “Hill of Secrets” by Galina Vromen: https://www.galinavromen.com/about Visit Galina's website: https://www.galinavromen.com Connect with Galina Vromen on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/galina-vromen-20022875   This episode was produced and brought to you by Reignite Media.  

Donate to our October 2024 OVERCOMING THE DARKNESS campaign at https://weirddarkness.com/overcoming. Weird Darkness is narrated by professional full-time voice actor Darren Marlar. No A.I. voices are ever used in the show.IN THIS EPISODE: During World War II, a squadron of crop duster-style planes flown by Soviet female pilots were used as bombers to terrorize Nazi troops. They were so terrifying to the enemy they earned the nickname “Night Witches.” (The Night Witches) *** The jackalope is a mythical animal – so why do so many people claim to have seen it, even in modern times? (Horned Hares) *** There are places all over the world even today where, during a wedding ceremony, you might hear the reverend say the words, “Do you take this corpse to be your lawfully wedded husband?” (Beyond the Grave Nuptials) *** An old grudge between a detective and a reporter led to one of the strangest—and most damning—fake news stories of all-time. A story that nearly ruined Lizzie Borden. (The Lizzy Borden Newspaper Hoax) *** In 1948, sightings of mysterious green lights in the skies of Los Alamos, New Mexico and the Sandia atomic-weapons laboratories and other sensitive military installations had the U.S. Government extremely worried. That means they the green balls of fire weren't from America – so what were they? (UFO's and Green Fireballs) CHAPTERS & TIME STAMPS (All Times Approximate)…00:00:00.000 = Cold Open and Show Intro00:03:53.734 = The Night Witches00:16:53.729 = The Lizzie Borden Newspaper Hoax00:29:18.298 = UFOs And Green Fireballs00:40:09.514 = Horned Hares00:46:15.822 = Beyond The Grave Nuptials00:54:55.063 = Show Outro SOURCES AND REFERENCES FROM THE EPISODE…“The Lizzy Borden Newspaper Hoax” by Dean Jobb for Crime Reads: https://tinyurl.com/yd9fvzes“Horned Hares” by Ellen Lloyd for Ancient Pages: https://tinyurl.com/ycarwu4d“The Night Witches” from Bugged Space: https://tinyurl.com/ybthkflf“Beyond the Grave Nuptials” by Lisa A. Flowers for Ranker: https://tinyurl.com/y7bevukf“UFO's and Green Fireballs” by Darryn King for History: https://tinyurl.com/y9eht7bkWeird Darkness theme by Alibi Music Library= = = = =(Over time links seen above may become invalid, disappear, or have different content. I always make sure to give authors credit for the material I use whenever possible. If I somehow overlooked doing so for a story, or if a credit is incorrect, please let me know and I will rectify it in these show notes immediately. Some links included above may benefit me financially through qualifying purchases.)= = = = ="I have come into the world as a light, so that no one who believes in me should stay in darkness." — John 12:46= = = = =WeirdDarkness® is a registered trademark. Copyright ©2024, Weird Darkness.= = = = =Originally aired: June 10, 2020CUSTOM LANDING PAGE: https://weirddarkness.com/NightWitches

The increasing demand for power is prompting challenges from a number of tribes who say the means to transmit that power is harming culturally significant tribal land. The Tohono O'odham, Hopi, Zuni, and San Carlos Apache tribes were dealt a legal setback by the U.S. Supreme Court earlier this year in their opposition to a proposed $10 billion transmission line through a pristine Arizona canyon. And pueblos and other tribes say they are concerned about additional transmission capacity planned to boost power at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. In both cases, tribal officials say the proposals did not adequately take cultural and archaeological significance into consideration. GUESTS Stephanie Stringer, deputy manager for business, security, and mission for the National Nuclear Security Administration's Los Alamos field office Reyes DeVore (Jemez Pueblo), project manager for the Pueblo Action Alliance

On this episode, the first in Season 9, we get stuck into the vast and sprawling history of The Manhattan Project and the creation of the atomic bomb. The creation and utilisation of such an unbelievably powerful weapon changed the dynamics of power globally and the results are still being felt today. The Manhattan Project was a WWII initiative which brought together the most brilliant of minds to conceptualise and then develop a weapon formidable enough to compel the Axis powers to capitulate. Spearheaded by the now infamous J. Robert Oppenheimer and his macho military counterpart General Leslie Groves, the project mobilised an extensive team of globally reknowned physicists at a secret encampment in New Mexico called Los Alamos. There they collaborated on their own theories and advanced human knowledge leaps and bounds in such a short time; focussing primarily on the new school of their craft, quantum physics and then more practically the design and production of weapons-grade nuclear materials and a mean by which to blow them up! All this was being done amidst fears of Nazi Germany's parallel efforts, the Allied forces hastened to pioneer this groundbreaking technology and have it ready to fire before the lads got their shot off somewhere. Unfortunately for the more trigger happy of the US military elite, Germany's surrender before the bomb was battle-ready meant that the remaining Japanese Imperial forces faced the consequences, with Hiroshima and Nagasaki suffering atomic attacks in August 1945. These bombings, which abruptly ended the war after years of massive conventional bombardments, underscored the terrifying potency of nuclear arms and marked the apex of scientific ingenuity yielding the most destructive force known to humanity. Joining me on this episode I have two Irish comedy legends Edwin Sammon and Chris Kent. You can find Ed here on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edwinsammon/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@edwinsammon and his YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/user/edwinsammon where you can see loads of clips from stand up, TV and stage appearances and also episodes of his podcast 'Edwin Sammon of Knowledge' which you can also find on Spotify here https://open.spotify.com/show/1koWjRbaPaJcfs5aItOpzO?si=257e5284ee34478d He is gigging all over the country so follow him and get updates for when he's coming to your town! You can find Chris at his website here https://chriskentcomedy.com/ where you can get tickets to the massive amount of upcoming live comedy shows all over Ireland and the UK and loads more too; like his full video comedy specials! Chris is also on all the socials Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/chriskentcomic/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@chriskentcomic and check out all his video on his YouTube channel here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMkiptOA5pvabk0xRXkFO5g There is a Patreon version of this episode with over 40 mins extra content and if you're a TCG Patreon subscriber, there's a video version in Spotify https://open.spotify.com/episode/59alnTONQdDCJj6CZdCzkT?si=382c80f4a8b848e4 as well as all the other Patreon content sent right to your Spotify app. You can sign up now for a FREE Patreon subscription to TCG and listen to this episode (with the extra stuff) right here https://www.patreon.com/posts/s09e01-manhattan-111508606 Chapters: Introduction 00:00:00 Show Start 00:6:31 Before The Research 00:28:24 The Creation of Atomic Physics 00:40:17 AD INSERT 01:05:29 German Science for German People 01:05:31 The Bomb as an answer for Pearl Harbour 01:12:57 The Manhattan Project Begins 01:20:35 The Problem With Uranium 01:43:47 The General and The Genius 01:58:46 What About Bob Oppenheimer? 02:22:53 Los Alamos: It Takes A Village 02:45:02 VJ DAY TBA 02:55:08 The Potsdam Declaration 03:05:44 Hiroshima and Nagasaki 03:10:53 What That Bomb Do? 03:18:07 The Global Shock Wave 03:44:23 Agent Orange 03:56:43 Oppenheimer Self Exile 04:06:18 Off The Fence 04:11:33 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices