Podcasts about White matter

Physician and psychologist Heidi Feldman is a pioneer in the field of developmental behavioral pediatrics who says that the world's understanding of childhood disability is changing and so too are the ways we approach it. Where once institutionalization was common, today we find integrative, family-centered approaches, charting a more humane, hopeful path forward. For example, for children born prematurely with increased likelihood of disability, increasing skin-to-skin contact – what is called  “kangaroo care” – can literally reshape that child's brain development, she tells host Russ Altman on this episode of Stanford Engineering's The Future of Everything podcast.Have a question for Russ? Send it our way in writing or via voice memo, and it might be featured on an upcoming episode. Please introduce yourself, let us know where you're listening from, and share your question. You can send questions to thefutureofeverything@stanford.edu.Episode Reference Links:Stanford Profile: Heidi M. FeldmanConnect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>> Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / FacebookChapters:(00:00:00) IntroductionRuss Altman introduces guest  Heidi Feldman, professor of pediatrics at Stanford University.(00:03:26) Path to Developmental PediatricsHeidi's journey from education to developmental-behavioral pediatrics.(00:05:10) The Emergence of Developmental PediatricsHow developmental disabilities entered the medical mainstream.(00:07:30) Common Disorders in ChildrenThe most prevalent disabilities seen in practice and diagnostic trends.(00:09:46) Preterm Birth and Disability RiskWhy premature birth is a major risk factor for developmental challenges.(00:13:53) Brain Connections and OutcomesHow white matter and brain circuitry impact development.(00:17:09) Kangaroo Care's PotentialHow skin-to-skin contact positively influences brain development.(00:21:30) Inclusive Family and Community SupportWhy integrated care and inclusive classrooms benefit all children.(00:23:37) Social and Economic UpsidesCost savings and increased independence from inclusive care.(00:24:33) Transitioning to Adult CareGaps and opportunities in supporting disabled youth into adulthood.(00:27:12) Using AI to Improve Care QualityAI models help track whether care guidelines are being followed.(00:31:00) Conclusion Connect With Us:Episode Transcripts >>> The Future of Everything WebsiteConnect with Russ >>> Threads / Bluesky / MastodonConnect with School of Engineering >>>Twitter/X / Instagram / LinkedIn / Facebook

We've talked about glia and sleep. We've talked about glia and neuroinflammation. We've talked about glia in the brain fog that can accompany COVID or chemotherapy. We've talked about the brain's quiet majority of non–neuronal cells in so many different contexts that it felt like it was high time for us to take a step back and look at the bigger picture. After all, glia science was founded here at Stanford in the lab of the late, great Ben Barres.No one is better suited to take us through this history and lead us to the frontiers of the field than today's guest, Brad Zuchero. A former Barres lab postdoc, and now an emerging leader in this field in his own right, Brad gives us an overview of our growing understanding of the various different kinds of glia and their roles in brain function, and shares the  exciting  discoveries emerging from his lab — including growing evidence of a role for myelin in Alzheimers disease.Learn MoreNeuroscientist Ben Barres, who identified crucial roles of glial cells, dies at 63 (Stanford Medicine, 2017)How exciting! Study reveals neurons rely on glial cells to become electrically excitable (Stanford Neurosurgery, 2024)Unlocking the secrets of myelin repair (Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, 2024)Q&A: Linking sleep, brain insulation, and neurological disease with postdoc Daniela Rojo (Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, 2023)From angel to demon: Why some brain cells go ‘bad' (Scope Blog, 2021)Get in touchWe want to hear from your neurons! Email us at at neuronspodcast@stanford.edu if you'd be willing to help out with some listener research, and we'll be in touch with some follow-up questions.Episode CreditsThis episode was produced by Michael Osborne at 14th Street Studios, with production assistance by Morgan Honaker. Our logo is by Aimee Garza. The show is hosted by Nicholas Weiler at Stanford's Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute and supported in part by the Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience at Wu Tsai Neuro.Send us a text!Thanks for listening! If you're enjoying our show, please take a moment to give us a review on your podcast app of choice and share this episode with your friends. That's how we grow as a show and bring the stories of the frontiers of neuroscience to a wider audience. Learn more about the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute at Stanford and follow us on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn.

Send us a textIn this episode, we dive deep into the abnormal physiology that occurs at the cellular level during a concussion. From the disruption of ion gradients in neurons to the neurometabolic cascade that follows, we explore how these changes lead to an energy deficit disorder in the brain. Understanding these processes is crucial for grasping the long-term effects of concussions, including energy imbalance and neuronal dysfunction. Join us as we break down the intricate mechanisms behind concussion-related brain injury and their long-lasting consequences.-       Introduction/ Episode Set Up-       Cleaned Up; AFL and Concussions (02:16)-       Why I always ask “What is a Concussion?” & How I Approach the Definition (08:45)-       Whiplash, Concussion and the Complexities (12:16)-       What is a Concussion? (13:54)-       Grey and White Matter (17:04)-       Neurons (18:30)-       ATP (21:27)-       Action Potentials (23:08)-       Concussion Physiology – Stretching and Shearing (27:45)-       Excitatory Phase of Concussion (29:35)-       Spreading Depression Phase (34:35)-       Delayed onset concussion? (38:30)  Episode Resources:-       https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30074832/-       https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209525462030154X-       https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25232881/ -       https://www.foxsports.com.au/afl/afl-2025-luke-beveridge-says-jackson-archer-shouldnt-be-suspended-luke-cleary-concussion-western-bulldogs-vs-north-melbourne-afl-360-latest-news/news-story/28569985fc6a1ad0934f5521573596af -       https://www.foxsports.com.au/afl/teams/brisbane-lions/afl-2025-brandon-starcevich-future-after-latest-concussion-contracts-talks-with-brisbane-lions-free-agency-latest-news/news-story/f96c1b4f87c9312721ab0da7a956dea0  Subscribe, review and share for new episodes which will drop fortnightlySocial media:Twitter: @first concussionFacebook: Headfirst: A concussion podcastInstagram: Headfirst_ Concussion  Email: headfirstconcussion@gmail.com

Full article: White Matter Hyperintensities on High-Resolution 3-T MRI: Frequency in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Associations with Clinical Markers—A Prospective Controlled Multicenter Study Pranjal Rai, MBBS, discusses the AJR article by Tanwar et al., reporting a prospective multicenter study evaluating the potential role of white matter hyperintensities as a biomarker of mild traumatic brain injury.

In this episode of the NeuroNoodle Neurofeedback and Neuroscience Podcast,

#realconversations #author #photographer #poet #philosophy #Mexico CONVERSATIONS WITH CALVIN WE THE SPECIES https://www.youtube.com/c/ConversationswithCalvinWetheSpecIEs 367 Interviews/Videos . GLOBAL Reach. Earth Life. Amazing People.  PLEASE SUBSCRIBE (You can almost find any subject you want) ** MEET JANET STERNBURG…. “Interestingly, this interview could've been converted to a script and made into a movie of Janet's life, journey, and accomplishments…..one of my favorite words is ”beyond.” What she has done and continues to do is beyond comprehension….a poet, philosopher, author (innovative photography and memoirs), photographer, and world traveler living in Los Angeles and Mexico….when we finished the interview, I described it as “Sumptuous.” Indeed, it was…. Her new photography book, ‘Looking at Mexico Mexico Looking Back' is a magnificent wondrous journey of pictures and words…a magic carpet journey to emotion, detail, imagination, and appreciation.” Calvin  ** JANET STERNBURG; Author (Looking at Mexico-Mexico Looks Back); Photographer, Poet, Philosopher; World Traveler; California Institute for the Arts; New School; LIVE from California & Mexico YouTube:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnYY5s5b_WQ PROMO PIXS: #3, #4  From book ‘Looking at Mexico Mexico Looking Back'  Copyright Janet Sternburg All Rights Reserved Contacts: (1) Photography: https://www.janetsternburgphoto.com/ (2)Writing: https://janetsternburg.com/ (3) Book on Amazon "Looking at Mexico/Mexico Looks Back"  http://amzn.to/4f0I5Eg (4) Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Sternburg BIO:  Janet Sternburg is a versatile artist, photographer, writer, filmmaker, and educator. Since 1998, her photography has been featured in Aperture, Art Journal, and The Utne Reader. She received a claim as one of the international artists and writers who challenged social norms with their work. Her monographs, "Over Spilling World" (2016-17) and I've Been Walking" (2021), showcase her unique photographic video. Her solo exhibitions have graced galleries in New York, Los Angeles, Berlin, Milan, Munich, Mexi co, and Korea, where she created a full l-building in Tal location at Seoul Institute of the Arts. She's known for using disposable cameras to create borderless and internet-rating imagery. As a writer, she's authored seminal works like "The Writer on Her Work" (W.W. Nor ton, 1981 and 1991) and critically praised books such as "Phantom Limb" (2002) and "White Matter " (2016), blending memoir and essay forms. Her films "El Tearo Campes Into" and documentary "Virginia Woolf- The Moment Whole" garnered a claim. Sternburg resides in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico, with a residence in Downtown Los Angeles Little Tokyo. She's been honored with grants, feel fellowships, and artist residencies, including support from the National Endowment for the Humanities and MacDowell. She has all so contributed to academia, teaching at institutions like the New School University and the California Institute of the Arts. In 2016, she was the recipient of the REDCAT AWARD, celebrating her outstanding leadership in contemporary culture

Getting your five servings of fruit and vegetables a day good for you. But why exactly? And more specifically, what are some of the nutrients in fruits and veggies doing for your brain? In this episode, I'm bringing you some fresh data on Antioxidants & Alzheimer's disease. RefsLow Xanthophylls, Retinol, Lycopene, and Tocopherols in Grey and White Matter of Brains with Alzheimer's DiseaseBiomagnification Supplements and dry AMD Lutein zeaxanthin AD diagnosis ___Newsletter sign up How to Build a Healthy Brain* Unprocessed: What Your Diet is Doing to Your Brain* Patreon Original music my Juan IglesiasSupport this show http://supporter.acast.com/strongerminds. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Welcome to Episode 214 of Autism Parenting Secrets. This week we're joined by Dr. Krishna Doniparthi, a healthcare professional from Alpharetta, GA, specializing in lipid replacement therapy for cellular repair and rejuvenation.Dr. Doniparthi is the founder and medical director of Doniparthi Neurogen NeuroGEN Academy (DNA), a non-profit advancing education and research in neurodegenerative diseases, developmental disorders, and autism.We explore cellular health and its impact on individuals with autism. Dr. Doniparthi explains the vital role of phospholipids and plasmalogens in cell membranes and their importance in storing and releasing neurotransmitters.These compounds are vital for cognitive function, nerve conduction, and overall neurological health. Through personalized treatment and targeted nutritional supplementation, real-life transformations are happening in children with autism.The secret this week is...LIPIDS Are The Missing LinkYou'll Discover:Why Lipids and Plasmalogens Matter (3:23)The Wrecking Ball That Causes Inflammation (8:19)The NATURAL Way To Rid The Body of Toxins (13:28)Two Testing Categories To Consider (16:42)The Cornerstone For Better Health (20:00)Why It's A Motor Neuron Issue (28:00)A Call To Action You Don't Want To Ignore (33:44)The Difference Between Gray Matter and White Matter of the Brain (35:26)Why Chewing Your Food Matters More Than You Think (41:41)About Our Guest:Dr. Doniparthi, a healthcare professional based in Alpharetta, GA, prioritizes a patient-centric approach to identifying the underlying causes of ailments rather than merely treating symptoms. Operating from his clinic Functional Medicine Georgia (FMG), Dr. Doniparthi specializes in lipid replacement therapy, focusing on cellular repair and rejuvenation, particularly highlighting the significance of plasmalogens in bolstering cellular health. Additionally, Dr. Doniparthi is the founder and medical director of Doniparthi Neurogen Academy (DNA), a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization dedicated to advancing education and research in neurodegenerative diseases, developmental disorders, and autism.www.dnadr.orgReferences in The Episode:Medical Academy of Pediatric & Special NeedsAdditional Resources:Take The Quiz: What's YOUR Top Autism Parenting Blindspot?To learn more about Cass & Len, visit us at www.autismparentingsecrets.comBe sure to follow Cass & Len on InstagramIf you enjoyed this episode, share it with your friends.

Are human brains growing larger over time, and how does that impact dementia risk? Find out about this and more in today's PeerDirect Medical News Podcast.

In this episode we are all about protecting your brain:  Researchers from King’s College London recruited nearly 400 twins, age 43 to 73, and tested different factors, including leg power and speed… and retested 10 years later. The result: The researchers found that leg strength was a better predictor of brain health than any other lifestyle factor looked at in the study.       Also, you’ll hear how every time we eat something that spikes blood glucose levels – like fast food and refined carbs - our hippocampus takes a hit.  Plus how eating cold-water fish twice a week will boost blood flow to your brain, and reduce plaque buildup, a top cause of Alzheimer's.   More resources and information are available at https://Tesh.com (00:00) Maximizing Memory(08:58) Habits That Ruin Your Memory(15:28) Impact of Diet on Brain Health

Is it ever too late to learn? What is the science behind how to change your brain? And what if the key to reshaping our brains and altering our perspectives lies within our grasp, regardless of our years?This is the fascinating life's work of today's esteemed guest, Dr. Lara Boyd.Dr. Lara Boyd, a Neuroscientist and Physical Therapist at the University of British Columbia, is an expert in mapping how our behaviours, environments, and experiences shape our brain health and learning capabilities.During this episode, Dr. Boyd guides us through the science behind neuroplasticity, highlighting the brain's inherent ability to rewire itself and learn new skills at any age. She emphasises that everything we do and encounter is continuously shaping our brains.Her work focuses on the impact of exercise and learning on our neurobiology, showcasing the profound effects these activities have on optimising our brain function. Dr. Boyd's research sheds light on how we can leverage our physical bodies to access and enhance different states of mind.In a world where stress, anxiety, and burnout are prevalent, Dr. Boyd's insights offer a beacon of hope for better self-regulation and human evolution. She shows us that we have the power to shape our brains in ways that align with our desires and aspirations."We only have one brain. We can shape it however we choose. So go out and build the brain you want." - Dr Lara BoydTimestamps:00:00:00 - Introduction00:00:50 - Background To Dr Boyd00:01:27 - What drove Dr Boyd's focus on Neuroplasticity & Human Physiology00:03:53 - How do we learn?00:05:25 - Misconceptions about Neuroplasticity?00:07:56 - White Matter, Human Critical Physiology and Anatomy00:13:00 - Can a Vaccine for The Epstein–Barr Virus Prevent Multiple Sclerosis?00:14:27 - Short vs. Long Term Memory Loss & Damage00:17:04 - Why Some People Find Learning Easier Than Others?00:23:44 - Trauma & Priming The Brain To Drive Neuroplasticity00:27:10 - Lessons from Post Stroke Trauma Studies, Neuroplasticity and Wider Society Learnings00:30:33 - The Study of Biomarkers & Remarkable Results00:35:37 - A Modern Epidemic (Stress, Anxiety, Burnout & Mental Health) & Relievers (Exercise, Cortisol, Growth Factors & The Bluezones).00:41:41 - A Study Between Runners and Yogi's & The Results00:45:47 - A Study on Burnout (Teachers, the NHS and beyond).00:48:00 - Personalised Medicine & Personalised Learning00:49:50 - AI, Concerns & The Evolution of Healthcare00:51:39 - The Broader Implications of Findings on Neuroplasticity in terms of Life Long Learning, Addiction & Behavioural Change?00:55:06 - Closing Thoughts & Key TakeawaysEnjoyed the podcast? Subscribe nowWatch on YouTubeConnect: Peter Bell, Dr Lara BoydInterested in becoming a sponsor or collaborating with us, reach out via Purpose Made. Your support helps us continue delivering the thought-provoking content to our audience.This podcast was recorded and produced by Purpose Made. Join our tribe and lets grow together https://plus.acast.com/s/purpose-made-podcast. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Drs. Shuvro Roy and Monica T. Ly discuss brain lesions in former football players linked to vascular brain changes.  Show reference: https://www.neurology.org/doi/10.1212/WNL.0000000000208030

Dr. Shuvro Roy talks with Dr. Monica T. Ly about brain lesions in former football players linked to vascular brain changes. Read the related article in Neurology. Disclosures can be found at Neurology.org.

References PLoS One. 2019; 14(1): e0210888 Trends Neurosci. 2015 Jun; 38(6): 364–374 Addict Biol. 2006 Sep; 11(3-4): 339–355 Sci Rep. 2022; 12: 19463. Beethoven, L. 1809. Piano Concerto #5 in E-flat major, Op. 73, "Emperor Concerto " https://youtu.be/kiW-QnQzN9Y?si=qT6PgbhB9L5jpzcZ --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

Did the pandemic impact how you work today? This week, Sarah and Skye take a look at the long-lasting legacy of working from home during COVID-19, take a deep dive into emotional dysregulation, and look into the white matter and inner workings of the ADHD brain. Hit play and let's get into it! The ADHD Academy: https://courses.unconventionalorganisation.com/the-adhd-academy Unconventional Organisation: https://www.unconventionalorganisation.com/

In this conversation with Dr. Vanessa Milanese, we cover the importance of anatomy in neurosurgery and explore her intriguing work in both fields – and how they cross-informed one another. Vanessa is a functional neurosurgeon at A Beneficencia Portuguesa Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil and holds an adjunct assistant professorship of neurosurgery at Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida. We talk about her stellar work in combining her neurosurgical activity with anatomical work – which involves dissections of the white matter of postmortem brains using the Klingler's method. We will talk about the rare community of neurosurgeons involved in similar activities, world-wide and the big influence Dr. Al Rhoton had on the field and on Vanessa's career. We thoroughly enjoyed this conversation and learned a lot – and we hope you will enjoy it as much as we did! Thank you so much for tuning in! References we talked about in the episode: Holanda, Vanessa M., Michael S. Okun, Erik H. Middlebrooks, Abuzer Gungor, Margaret E. Barry, John Forder, and Kelly D. Foote. 2020. “Postmortem Dissections of Common Targets for Lesion and Deep Brain Stimulation Surgeries.” Neurosurgery 86 (6): 860–72.  https://journals.lww.com/neurosurgery/abstract/2020/06000/postmortem_dissections_of_common_targets_for.14.aspx Holanda, Vanessa Milanesi, Maria Cristina Chavantes, Xingjia Wu, and Juanita J. Anders. 2017. “The Mechanistic Basis for Photobiomodulation Therapy of Neuropathic Pain by near Infrared Laser Light.” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 49 (5): 516–24.  https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1002/lsm.22628.pdf Middlebrooks, Erik H., Ibrahim S. Tuna, Leonardo Almeida, Sanjeet S. Grewal, Joshua Wong, Michael G. Heckman, Elizabeth R. Lesser, et al. 2018. “Structural Connectivity-Based Segmentation of the Thalamus and Prediction of Tremor Improvement Following Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation of the Ventral Intermediate Nucleus.” NeuroImage. Clinical 20 (October): 1266–73. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6308387/ Middlebrooks, Erik H., Sanjeet S. Grewal, and Vanessa M. Holanda. 2019. “Complexities of Connectivity-Based DBS Targeting: Rebirth of the Debate on Thalamic and Subthalamic Treatment of Tremor.” NeuroImage. Clinical. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6543122/ Ferreira, Tancredo Alcântara, Jr, Erik H. Middlebrooks, Wen Hung Tzu, Mateus Reghin Neto, and Vanessa Milanesi Holanda. 2020. “Postmortem Dissections of the Papez Circuit and Nonmotor Targets for Functional Neurosurgery.” World Neurosurgery 144 (December): e866–75. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878875020320969?via%3Dihub Additional Resources we talked about: Mayo Functional Neuro Course 2024:  https://ce.mayo.edu/functionalneuro2024 Scaniverse app for 3D brain reconstruction: https://apps.apple.com/br/app/scaniverse-3d-scanner/id1541433223?l=en-GB Rhoton's book: https://shop.lww.com/Rhoton-Cranial-Anatomy-and-Surgical-Approaches/p/9781975226879 Stênio Holanda Filho Q&A book: https://www.dilivros.com.br/livro-neuroanatomia-pratica-e-ilustrada-questoes--e-respostas--3d-9788580531527,h18213.html Deep Brain Stimulation: A case-based approach https://academic.oup.com/book/29505

In this eye-opening episode, Dr. Negar Fani, a Clinical Neuropsychologist and Associate Professor at Emory University School of Medicine, joins host Whitney to delve deep into the profound effects of racial trauma on brain health. Nearly two decades of (systematically oppressed) research have revealed the chronic stress of structural and systemic racism as a damaging force on our brains.Dr. Fani, the head of the "Fani Lab" specializing in trauma neuroscience (including PTSD), sheds light on how her lab has long examined racial trauma as a unique form of trauma, a concept initially dismissed in the predominantly White field she operates within—until the tragic murder of George Floyd catalyzed change. During their conversation, they explore:The systemic challenges faced by women of color in researching and publishing on racial trauma.The influence of Dr. Fani's racial and cultural identities on her work.Key discoveries from the Fani Lab and collaborative research.Insights into how racial trauma contributes to neurodegeneration and its links to high rates of diseases like Alzheimer's in Black communities.Dr. Fani's aspirations for the practical application of this research.Suggestions for healing from racial trauma and providing much-needed rest for our brains.This episode validates what so many of us already know and experience: the impact of racial trauma is real. In our minds, emotions, skin, chakras, organs, and yes, in our brains.Watch this episode on YouTubeWashington Post Article:  Racism takes a toll on the brain, research showsConnect with Dr. Fanihttps://www.negarfani.comTwitter/X @NegarFaniAre you in the Atlanta area and interested in joining a study at Fani Lab? Click here! To learn more about Whitney, Impostrix Podcast, or to support the show, visit ImpostrixPodcast.com. And, please subscribe to the show on your favorite listening/watching app, and leave me your feedback by rating or reviewing the show! Thank you for helping us grow!IG: ImpostrixPodcastTikTok: WhitneyKnoxLeeLinkedIn: Whitney-Knox-LeeBe Validated!Support the showSUBSCRIBE to the Validating Voice NewsletterSUPPORT Impostrix Podcast

A new editorial paper was published in Aging (listed by MEDLINE/PubMed as "Aging (Albany NY)" and "Aging-US" by Web of Science) Volume 15, Issue 16, entitled, “Microvascular contributions to white matter injury in Alzheimer's disease.” In their new editorial, researchers Zsolt Bagi, Larry S. Sherman and Stephen A. Back from Augusta University discuss mechanisms of cognitive impairment and dementia. Impairments in cognitive and executive function of presumed cerebral microvascular origin are important and recently recognized neuropathological manifestations of vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). It has been long known that hypertensive cerebrovascular disease also involves a spectrum of subcortical small vessel diseases, such as arteriolosclerosis and lipohyalinosis of small penetrating arterioles, which contribute to progressive injury of periventricular, frontal and parietal white matter (WM). “However, until recently, recognition of the role of WM injury during aging and the progression of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) was very limited.” Despite growing interest in VCID and AD/ADRD, there have been few studies of mechanistic links between subcortical small vessel disease, WM injury and cognitive decline. Even though WM constitutes >80% of the human cerebral hemispheres, a PubMed search of AD and WM injury yielded only 381 articles (including reviews) vs. 193,303 articles for AD alone. Notably, 50% of diagnosed AD patients have mixed vascular and AD pathology. Hence, there is a critical need to explore connections between AD, WM injury and cerebral small vessel disease to define mechanisms and diagnostic features of mixed vascular and AD neuropathological change (ADNC). “To provide rigorous access to human WM lesions, we recently developed a unique rapid autopsy brain procurement protocol using specimens donated by participants in the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study, a prospective, population-based study of aging and incident dementia among men and women in Seattle, Washington [5].” DOI - https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.204997 Corresponding author - Zsolt Bagi - zbagi@augusta.edu Sign up for free Altmetric alerts about this article - https://aging.altmetric.com/details/email_updates?id=10.18632%2Faging.204997 Subscribe for free publication alerts from Aging - https://www.aging-us.com/subscribe-to-toc-alerts Keywords - aging, cerebrovascular, neuropathology, vasodilation, parenchymal, arteriole About Aging-US Launched in 2009, Aging-US publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancer—and now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging-US go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways. Please visit our website at https://www.Aging-US.com​​ and connect with us: SoundCloud - https://soundcloud.com/Aging-Us Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/AgingUS/ Twitter - https://twitter.com/AgingJrnl Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/agingjrnl/ YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/@AgingJournal LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/aging/ Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/AgingUS/ Media Contact 18009220957 MEDIA@IMPACTJOURNALS.COM

In this Papers Podcast, Dr. Silvana Mareva discusses her JCPP paper ‘Transdiagnostic profiles of behaviour and communication relate to academic and socioemotional functioning and neural white matter organisation'. Silvana is the first author of the paper. 

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.31.551318v1?rss=1 Authors: Riccardi, C., Ghezzi, S., Amorosino, G., Zigiotto, L., Sarubbo, S., Jovicich, J., Avesani, P. Abstract: In clinical neuroscience, the segmentation of the main white matter bundles is a mandatory premise for pre-operative neurosurgical planning, neuro-rehabilitation prognosis and monitoring of neuro-related diseases. The automation of the task of bundle segmentation is achieving a good accuracy on healthy individuals taking advantage of data driven approaches and deep learning models. The lack of large clinical datasets is preventing the translation of these results to patients. Inference on patients data with model trained on healthy population is not effective because of domain shift. This study aims to carry out an empirical analysis to investigate how techniques of transfer learning might be beneficial to overcome these limitations. For our analysis, we consider an open publicly available dataset with hundreds of individuals and a clinical dataset with several tens of glioma patients. We focus our preliminary investigation on corticospinal tract. The results show that transfer learning might be effective to overcome the component of domain shift related to systemic bias. Nevertheless, the alterations induced by the tumors are not successfully managed by transfer learning and are still preventing the successful translation of model trained on healthy population. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Send us a Text Message.Welcome to Headfirst: A Concussion Podcast Episode 5. In this episode of What Is A Concussion part 2: I will introduce you to the abnormal physiology of a cell, neuron and action potential's that takes place during a concussion, leading to the neurometabolic cascade preceding the energy deficit disorder which takes place.   - Introduction to the episode- Cleaned Up Segment (2:50)- Grey and White Matter (10:04)- Concussion Explained (11.50)- Excitatory Phase (12.55)- Spreading Depression Phase (17.30)- Post Episode (21.10)  Episode Resources:-       https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30074832/-       https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209525462030154X-       https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25232881/   Subscribe, review and share for new episodes which will drop fortnightly  Social media:Twitter: @first concussionFacebook: Headfirst: A concussion podcastInstagram: Headfirst_ Concussion  Email: headfirstconcussion@gmail.com

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.03.547451v1?rss=1 Authors: Shailja, S., Chen, J. W., Grafton, S. T., Manjunath, B. S. Abstract: We present ReTrace, a novel graph matching-based topological evaluation and validation method for tractography algorithms. ReTrace uses a Reeb graph whose nodes and edges capture the topology of white matter fiber bundles. We evaluate the performance of 96 algorithms from the ISMRM Tractography Challenge and the the standard algorithms implemented in DSI Studio for the population-averaged Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset. The existing evaluation metrics such as the f-score, bundle overlap, and bundle overreach fail to account for fiber continuity resulting in high scores even for broken fibers, branching artifacts, and mis-tracked fiber crossing. In contrast, we show that ReTrace effectively penalizes the incorrect tracking of fibers within bundles while concurrently pinpointing positions with significant deviation from the ground truth. Based on our analysis of ISMRM challenge data, we find that no single algorithm consistently outperforms others across all known white matter fiber bundles, highlighting the limitations of the current tractography methods. We also observe that deterministic tractography algorithms perform better in tracking the fundamental properties of fiber bundles, specifically merging and splitting, compared to probabilistic tractography. We compare different algorithmic approaches for a given bundle to highlight the specific characteristics that contribute to successful tracking, thus providing topological insights into the development of advanced tractography algorithms. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.06.30.547294v1?rss=1 Authors: Robinson, T. D., Sun, Y. L., Chang, P. T. H., Chen, J. J. Abstract: Age-related degeneration of white matter (WM) tissue in the brain has been found to underlie progressive cognitive declines in healthy populations. Understanding and predicting these changes is necessary to building a more unified model of the aging brain and improving interventions. We posit that regional hypoperfusion in the WM precedes deteriorating WM integrity, as evidenced by studies demonstrating relationships between declining cortical perfusion and the development of WM hyperintensities. This remains an understudied area of WM aging, in part due to technical challenges in quantifying WM perfusion. This study seeks to examine tract-wise associations between WM microstructural integrity and perfusion parameters in the Human Connectome Project - Aging (HCP-A) participants. Perfusion was measured by cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial transit time (ATT), while microstructural integrity was measured by fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD). Their associations are assessed in ten major bilateral WM tracts. Results show that WM perfusion-microstructure relationships vary both by tract and by sex. We identify consistent patterns of associations between perfusion and microstructure that suggest the presence of multiple distinct stages of deterioration, with female subjects demonstrating more tracts in advanced stages of decline. Additionally, ATT appears to be the earliest indicator of WM declines, preceding age-related differences in WM microstructure in several tracts. This study contributes compelling evidence to the vascular hypothesis of WM degeneration, and highlights the utility of blood-flow timing rather than CBF as an early marker of aging. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Edie Summers is an author and mind-body instructor, with 25+ years of advanced training in wellness coaching, counseling, alternative, holistic and integrative health. Edie Summer's very comprehensive, detailed approaches to what the medical fields would designate as autoimmune, inflammatory, bacterial conditions, and gut issues are covered in her book: The Memory of Health: A Journey to Well-Being. How to understand the sophistication of holistic and alternative health practices as well as how to integrate such practices with Western medicine, lifestyle changes, and many other tools that promote health, will help you consider the Paths or Journeys to your well-being in the face of complicated and long rooted issues related to the various systems of your body. Summer's book The Memory of Health: A Journey to Well-Being serves as a reference book for remedies to consider as you alter your mindset and lifestyle choices toward recovering health. Summer's book also weaves paths of integrative thinking about our body's needs and systems so you can create a harmonious interface with your entire human physical and spiritual dimensions. BIT.ly/bookonwellness. Instagram: Edie.Summers; FB Edie Summer.   Topics in the book and program include:  Childhood Stress and Chronic Illness, White Matter, Microglia, & Chronic Inflammation, Dysregulation of the HPA Axis, Microbes, DNA, and Your Health, PNI & Feedback Loops of Energy, Neuroplasticity, Epigenetics, & Resilience, Dynamic Balance: Rest, Eustress, & Well-Being 8. Dr. Carol Francis, Clinical Psychologist, hosts Make LIfe Happen to encourage all to live fully, fruitfully, meaningfully, and actively. She practices in Los Angeles South Bay area, where for 45 years she has embraced the effectiveness of using multiple tools of our mind, body, and soulful existence. Contact her: DrCarolFrancis.com or through THerapyCounselingCoaching.com. 

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.05.05.539590v1?rss=1 Authors: Arafe, M., Bhagwat, N. P., Chatelain, Y., Dugre, M., Sokolowski, A., Wang, M., Xiao, Y., Sharp, M., Poline, J.-B., Glatard, T. Abstract: Background: The availability of reliable biomarkers of Parkinson's disease (PD)progression is critical to the understanding of the disease and development of treatment options. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides a promising source of PD biomarkers, however, neuroimaging results have been shown to be markedly sensitive to analytical conditions and population sampling, which motivates investigations of their robustness. This study is part of a project to investigate the replicability of 11 structural MRI measures of PD identified in a recent review. Objective: This paper attempts to reproduce (similar data, similar analysis) and replicate (variations in data and analysis) the design of the machine learning (ML) model described in [1] to predict PD progression from T1-weighted MRIs. Methods: We used the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative dataset (PPMI, ppmi-info.org) used in [1] and we followed as closely as possible the original methods. We also investigated slight methodological variations in cohort selection, feature extraction, ML model design, and evaluation techniques. Results: The Area under the ROC Curve (AUC) achieved by our model closely reproducing the original study remained lower than 0.5. Across all tested models, we obtained a peak AUC of 0.685, which is better than chance performance but remained lower than the AUC value of 0.795 reported in [1]. Conclusion: We managed to train a model that predicts disease progression with a performance better than chance on a cohort extracted from the PPMI dataset, using methods adapted from [1]. However, the performance of this model remains substantially lower than the one reported in [1]. Our difficulties to reproduce or replicate the original work are likely explained by the relatively low sample size in the original study. We provide recommendations on how to improve the reproducibility of MRI-based ML models of PD in the future. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.21.537810v1?rss=1 Authors: Wei, X., Gunter, T. C., Adamson, H., Schwendemann, M., Friederici, A. D., Goucha, T., Anwander, A. Abstract: Adult second language (L2) learning is a challenging enterprise inducing neuroplastic changes in the human brain. However, it remains unclear how the structural language connectome and its subnetworks change during adult L2-learning. The current study investigated longitudinal changes in white matter (WM) language networks in each hemisphere, as well as their interconnection, in a large group of Arabic-speaking adults who learned German intensively for six months. We found a significant increase in WM-connectivity within bilateral temporal-parietal semantic and phonological subnetworks and right temporal-frontal pathways mainly in the second half of the learning period. At the same time, WM-connectivity between the two hemispheres decreased significantly. Crucially, these changes in WM-connectivity are correlated with L2 performance. The observed changes in subnetworks of the two hemispheres suggest a network reconfiguration due to lexical learning. The reduced interhemispheric connectivity may indicate a key role of the corpus callosum in L2-learning by reducing the inhibition of the language-dominant left hemisphere. Our study highlights the dynamic changes within and across hemispheres in adult language-related networks driven by L2 learning. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.11.536369v1?rss=1 Authors: Wang, C.-Y., Zuo, Z., Kim, K., Bellen, H. J., Lee, H. K. Abstract: Wnt signaling plays an essential role in developmental and regenerative myelination in the CNS. The Wnt signaling pathway is comprised of multiple regulatory layers; thus, how these processes are coordinated to orchestrate oligodendrocyte development remains unclear. Here we show CK2, a Wnt/{beta}-catenin signaling Ser/Thr kinase, phosphorylates Daam2, inhibiting its function and Wnt-activity during oligodendrocyte development. Intriguingly, we found Daam2 phosphorylation differentially impacts distinct stages of oligodendrocyte development, accelerating early differentiation followed by decelerating maturation and myelination. Application towards white matter injury revealed CK2-mediated Daam2 phosphorylation plays a protective role for developmental and behavioral recovery after neonatal hypoxia, while promoting myelin repair following adult demyelination. Together, our findings identify a novel regulatory node in the Wnt pathway that regulates oligodendrocyte development via protein phosphorylation-induced signaling complex instability and highlights a new biological mechanism for myelin restoration. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.04.04.535587v1?rss=1 Authors: Cetin-Karayumak, S., Zhang, F., Billah, T., Zekelman, L., Makris, N., Pieper, S., O'Donnell, L. J., Rathi, Y. Abstract: The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study is a groundbreaking effort aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of adolescent brain development. With data collected from over 10,000 children across 21 sites, this study promises to unlock key insights into the cognitive, behavioral, and neuroimaging data that underpins this critical period of development. However, the potential use of diffusion MRI (dMRI) data in this study is hindered by site-specific scanner and protocol variability, which precludes naive pooling of the data from across sites for analysis. In response to this challenge, we have developed an aggregated database of harmonized dMRI data, comprising imaging data from 9345 subjects and their white matter tracts, as well as tract-specific microstructural measures. This resource has been made publicly available via the NIMH Data Archive (NDA). The generation of this database required enormous computational effort, taking ~50,000 CPU hours to effectively harmonize the dMRI data, run whole brain tractography, and perform white matter parcellation. The data available through the NDA includes: harmonized dMRI data, several dMRI derived measures (e.g., fractional anisotropy) for 73 anatomically well-defined white matter fiber bundles in all 9345 subjects and streamlines corresponding to each fiber bundle for visualization. In this work, we further demonstrate the efficacy of our dMRI data harmonization algorithm on the ABCD dataset using multiple experiments, allowing researchers to perform their own analyses on the harmonized data. The data resources made available through this work will allow for new structural connectivity studies of neurodevelopment in children and adolescents at an unprecedented scale. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.30.534745v1?rss=1 Authors: Nishat, E., Scratch, S. E., Ameis, S. H., Wheeler, A. L. Abstract: Some children that experience a concussion exhibit long-lasting emotional and behavioral problems post injury, with greater rates of persistent problems in females. Establishing the contribution of (1) pre-existing behavioral problems and (2) disrupted maturation of the brain's vulnerable white matter, to long-lasting behavioral problems has been a challenge due to a lack of pre-injury behavioral and imaging data. From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Cohort, this study examined 204 11-12-year-old children who experienced a concussion after baseline data collection at age 9-10-years-old. Internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist. In 99 of these children with MRI data available, white matter microstructure was characterized in deep and superficial white matter by neurite density from restriction spectrum image modeling of diffusion MRI. Linear regressions modeled 1) post-concussion behavior symptoms controlling for pre-injury behavior, 2) the impact of concussion on white matter maturation, and 3) the contribution of deviations in white matter maturation to post-concussion behavior symptoms. When controlling for pre-injury scores, post-injury internalizing and externalizing scores were higher in female but not male children with concussion compared to children with no concussion. Group comparisons of change in neurite density over two years reflecting white matter maturation demonstrated an age-dependent effect whereby younger female children had less change in neurite density over time than younger children with no concussion. In female children with concussion, less change in superficial white matter neurite density over time was associated with more internalizing behavior problems. These results suggest that in female children, concussions are associated with behavior problems beyond those that exist pre-injury, and injury to the brain's vulnerable white matter may be a biological substrate underlying persistent internalizing behaviors. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.27.534331v1?rss=1 Authors: Diao, Y., Jelescu, I. O. Abstract: Background: The pathological process of Alzheimer's disease (AD) typically takes up decades from onset to clinical symptoms. Early brain changes in AD include MRI-measurable features such as aItered functional connectivity (FC) and white matter degeneration. The ability of these features to discriminate between subjects without a diagnosis, or their prognostic value, is however not established. Methods: The main trigger mechanism of AD is still debated, although impaired brain glucose metabolism is taking an increasingly central role. Here we used a rat model of sporadic AD, based on impaired brain glucose metabolism induced by an intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ). We characterized alterations in FC and white matter microstructure longitudinally using functional and diffusion MRI. Those MRI-derived measures were used to classify STZ from control rats using machine learning, and the importance of each individual measure was quantified using explainable artificial intelligence methods. Results: Overall, combining all the FC and white matter metrics in an ensemble way was the best strategy to discriminate STZ rats, with a consistent accuracy over 0.85. However, the best accuracy early on was achieved using white matter microstructure features, and later on using FC. This suggests that consistent damage in white matter in the STZ group might precede FC. For cross-timepoint prediction, microstructure features also had the highest performance while, in contrast, that of FC was reduced by its dynamic pattern which shifted from early hyperconnectivity to late hypoconnectivity. Conclusions: Our study highlights the MRI-derived measures that best discriminate STZ vs control rats early in the course of the disease, with potential translation to humans. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.14.532658v1?rss=1 Authors: Robinson, T. D., Sun, Y. L., Chang, P., Chen, J. J. Abstract: Progressive age-related changes in white matter morphometry and microstructure have been found throughout the brain. Both declines in white matter (WM) volume and deterioration of microstructural integrity have been observed. Predicting these changes across WM tracts and building an integrated model of age-related WM trajectories has proven challenging. While tractwise differences in volume and microstructural declines are common targets of investigation, there has been relatively little exploration into other attributes of tract morphology or its relation to microstructural measures in vivo. This study seeks to examine ten WM tracts for tract-wise differences in WM volume, length, the ratio of volume to length (VLR), and microstructural integrity as measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) using diffusion MRI data from the Human Connectome Project in Aging (HCP-A). From these measures, we analyzed relationships between morphometry and microstructure in the aging brain with the goal of laying the foundation for a unified model of age-related changes that relates WM microstructure/morphometry and developmental trajectories. Results indicated wide variation in rates and patterns of decline between tracts, as well as tract-specific interactions between tract VLR and microstructure. Robust sex differences were also identified. Our findings demonstrate the need for further exploration of the mechanisms behind both macro- and microstructural differences across the aging brain. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.06.529634v1?rss=1 Authors: Michel, L., McCormick, E., Kievit, R. Abstract: Individual differences in cognitive performance in childhood are a key predictor of significant life outcomes such as educational attainment and physical and mental health. Differences in cognitive ability are governed at least in part by variations in brain structure. However, studies commonly focus on either grey or white matter metrics, leaving open the key question as to whether grey or white matter microstructure play distinct roles supporting cognitive performance or if they are two ways to look at the same system complementary. To compare the role of grey and white matter in supporting cognitive performance, we used regularized structural equation models to predict cognitive performance with grey and white matter measures. Specifically, we compared how morphometric grey matter measures (volume, cortical thickness and surface area) and indices of white matter microstructure (volume, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) predicted individual differences in general cognitive performance. The models were tested in a large cohort of children (ABCD Study, N=11876) at 10 years old. We found that grey and white matter metrics bring partly different information to predict cognitive performance. Indeed, model selection approaches consistently demonstrated both tissues were needed, compared to simpler models with only grey or only white that explained respectively 12.3% and 10.9% of the variance in cognitive performance, the combined models explained 15.4% of the variance. Zooming in we additionally found different metrics within grey and white matter had different predictive power, and different regions for grey and white matter had the strongest association with cognitive performance differences. These results show that studies focusing on a single metric in either grey or white matter to study the link between brain structure and cognitive performance are missing a key part of the equation. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

https://psychiatry.dev/wp-content/uploads/speaker/post-12124.mp3?cb=1677977873.mp3 Playback speed: 0.8x 1x 1.3x 1.6x 2x Download: Multivariate Associations Among White Matter, Neurocognition, and Social Cognition Across Individuals With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Healthy Controls – Navona Calarco etFull EntryMultivariate Associations Among White Matter, Neurocognition, and Social Cognition Across Individuals With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Healthy Controls –

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.02.530800v1?rss=1 Authors: Grotheer, M., Bloom, D., Kruper, J., Richie-Halford, A., Zika, S., Aguilera Gonzalez, V. A., Yeatman, J. D., Grill-Spector, K., Rokem, A. Abstract: The formation of myelin, the fatty sheath that insulates nerve fibers, is critical for healthy brain function. A fundamental open question is what is the impact of being born on myelin growth. To address this question, we evaluated a large (n=300) cross-sectional sample of newborns from the Developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP). First, we developed new software for the automated identification of 20 white matter bundles in individuals that is well-suited for large samples. Next, we fit linear models that quantify T1w/T2w, a myelin-sensitive imaging contrast, increases along bundles. We found faster growth of T1w/T2w along the lengths of all bundles before birth than right after birth. Further, in a separate longitudinal sample of preterm infants (N=34), we found lower T1w/T2w at term-equivalent age than in full-term peers. By applying the linear models fit on the cross-section sample to the longitudinal sample of preterm infants, we find that their delay in T1w/T2w growth is well explained by the amount of time preterm infants spend developing in utero and ex utero. These results suggest that being born slows the rate of myelin growths. This reduction in the rate of myelin growth at birth, in turn, explains lower myelin content in individuals born preterm, and could account for long-term cognitive, neurological, and developmental consequences of preterm birth. We hypothesize that closely matching the environment of infants born preterm to what they would have experienced in the womb may reduce delays in myelin growth and hence improve developmental outcomes. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.01.530710v1?rss=1 Authors: Nelson, M. C., Royer, J., Leppert, I. R., Campbell, J. S. W., Schiavi, S., Jin, H., Tavakol, S., Vos de Wael, R., Rodriguez-Cruces, R., Pike, G. B., Bernhardt, B., Daducci, A., Misic, B., Tardif, C. L. Abstract: A central goal in neuroscience is the development of a comprehensive mapping between structural and functional brain features. Computational models support in vivo investigation of the mechanisms mediating this relationship but currently lack the requisite biological detail. Here, we characterize human structural brain networks weighted by multiple white matter microstructural features to assess their potential joint utilization in computational models. We report edge-weight-dependent spatial distributions, variance, small-worldness, rich club, hubs, as well as relationships with function, edge length and myelin. Contrasting networks weighted by the total intra-axonal cross-sectional area and myelin content of white matter tracts, we find opposite relationships with functional connectivity, an edge-length-independent inverse relationship with each other, and the lack of a canonical rich club in myelin-weighted networks. When controlling for edge length, tractometry-derived networks weighted by either tensor-based metrics or neurite density show no relationship with whole-brain functional connectivity. We conclude that structure-function brain models are likely to be improved by the co-utilization of structural networks weighted by total intra-axonal cross-sectional area and myelin content. We anticipate that the proposed microstructure-weighted computational modeling approach will support mechanistic understanding of the structure-function relationship of the human brain. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.02.530758v1?rss=1 Authors: Smullen, D., Bagshaw, A. P., Shalev, L., Tsafrir, S., Mevorach, C. Abstract: Response inhibition, defined as the ability to suppress inappropriate responses, is a key characteristic of adaptive human behaviour. However, in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) it is often impaired and is linked to broad life outcomes. Previous neuroimaging investigations have indicated a myriad of brain networks in response inhibition, which limit its utility in understanding and overcoming response inhibition difficulties. More recently, it has been suggested that a specific fronto-parietal functional circuitry between the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), dictates the recruitment of the IPS in response inhibition in ADHD. To ascertain the critical role of the IFG-IPS functional circuit and its relevance to response inhibition in ADHD, it is crucial to understand the underlying structural architecture of this circuit so that the functional relevance could be interpreted correctly. Here we investigated the white matter pathways connecting the IFG and IPS using seed-based probabilistic tractography on diffusion data in 42 ADHD and 24 neurotypicals and assessed their impact on both the recruitment of IPS in response inhibition scenarios and on response inhibition performance in a Go/No-go task. Our results showed that individual differences in the structural properties of the IPS-IFG circuit, including tract volume and diffusivity, were linked to IPS activation and even predicted response inhibition performance outside the scanner. These findings highlight the structural-functional coupling of the IFG-IPS circuit in response inhibition in ADHD and confirm a structural basis for maladaptive functional top-down control in deficient inhibition in ADHD. Our results also support the notion of ADHD as a continuum and suggest that individual differences in tract-specific functional and structural connectivity could serve as neuromarkers of ADHD. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.27.530286v1?rss=1 Authors: Barriere, D., Uszynski, I., Rajani, R., Gueniot, F., Domenga-Denier, V., Boumezbeur, F., Poupon, C., Joutel, A. Abstract: Background and purpose: Cerebral small vessel diseases (SVDs) are characterized by early white matter (WM) changes, whose pathological underpinnings are yet poorly understood. CADASIL is a monogenic and archetypal SVD, providing an ideal model for investigating these changes. Here, we used multicompartment microscopic diffusion imaging and relaxometry to elucidate microstructural changes underlying early WM abnormalities in CADASIL. Methods: We acquired diffusion MRI data with a multiple-shell Q-space sampling strategy, and relaxometry T1 and T2 data, with a 160 and 80-micrometers isotropic resolution respectively, ex vivo, in CADASIL and control mice. Diffusion datasets were computed with the Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging model to extract the neurite density index, the extracellular free water and the orientation dispersion index. Relaxometry datasets were computed with a 3-compartment myelin water imaging model to extract the myelin content. MRI metrics were compared between CADASIL and control mice using voxel and WM tract-based analyses and with electron microscopy analysis. Results: WM in CADASIL mice displayed a widespread reduction in general fractional anisotropy, a large increase in extracellular free water, a reduction in the myelin content, but no reduction in neurite density. Electron microscopy analysis showed a ~2-fold increase in the extracellular spaces and an elevation of the g-ratio indicative of myelin sheath thinning in CADASIL WM. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that accumulation of interstitial fluid and myelin damage are 2 major factors underlying early WM changes in CADASIL. Advanced diffusion MRI and relaxometry are promising approaches to decipher the underpinnings of WM alterations in SVDs. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Mold mycotoxins are known for causing demyelinating disease or MS. On an MRI it is seen as white matter brain disease. These mycotoxins create damage and cause autism, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and ALS to name a few diseases. Can we reverse demyelinating disease, short answer is yes-sometimes. It depends on how progressive the disease is...

Can Lyme, Chlamydia, HHV6 or other infections cause white matter brain disease or MS? The research shows that Chlamydia Pneumonia and other diseases cross the blood-brain barrier. Dr. Muth shares what symptoms these infections cause and how to address them.  Do not miss these highlights: 03:37 Viruses and bacteria can be reactivated over time and...

Have you had a diagnosis that you knew wasn't right? MS (multiple sclerosis) is one of them. What else could it be? Join this series of episodes to explain why just because you have a diagnosis of white matter disease it may not be MS.  Do not miss these highlights: 01:24 You're not supposed to...

A new research paper was published in Aging (listed as "Aging (Albany NY)" by MEDLINE/PubMed and "Aging-US" by Web of Science) Volume 14, Issue 23, entitled, “White matter hyperintensity load is associated with premature brain aging.” Brain age is an MRI-derived estimate of brain tissue loss that has a similar pattern to aging-related atrophy. White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are neuroimaging markers of small vessel disease and may represent subtle signs of brain compromise. In this new study, researchers Natalie Busby, Sarah Newman-Norlund, Sara Sayers, Roger Newman-Norlund, Sarah Wilson, Samaneh Nemati, Chris Rorden, Janina Wilmskoetter, Nicholas Riccardi, Rebecca Roth, Julius Fridriksson, and Leonardo Bonilha from University of South Carolina, Medical University of South Carolina and Emory University tested the hypothesis that WMHs are independently associated with premature brain age in an original aging cohort. “We hypothesized that a higher WMH load is linearly associated with premature brain aging controlling for chronological age.” Brain age was calculated using machine-learning on whole-brain tissue estimates from T1-weighted images using the BrainAgeR analysis pipeline in 166 healthy adult participants. WMHs were manually delineated on FLAIR images. WMH load was defined as the cumulative volume of WMHs. A positive difference between estimated brain age and chronological age (BrainGAP) was used as a measure of premature brain aging. Then, partial Pearson correlations between BrainGAP and volume of WMHs were calculated (accounting for chronological age). Brain and chronological age were strongly correlated (r(163)=0.932, p

 Damage to myelin, or white matter, is almost always present in multiple sclerosis and the disease has long been thought of as one in which the immune system attacks myelin. Yet damage to the cell that is wrapped in myelin also occurs. As with the chicken or the egg, the experts debate which comes first—gray matter damage, or white?

In this episode, we discuss the function and components of the brain to help understand how consciousness works.  The brain does not produce consciousness but serves as a information transmitter so that you, the observer, may experience the life of a unique human in the physical world.Sources:https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/anatomy-of-the-brain#:~:text=The%20brain%20is%20a%20complex,central%20nervous%20system%2C%20or%20CNS.www.HigherConsciousThinker.com

How is CTE different from a concussion?  Neil deGrasse Tyson and co-hosts Chuck Nice and Gary O'Reilly discuss concussions and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, with former NFL lineman, Leonard Marshall, and neuroscientist, Heather Berlin, PhD.NOTE: StarTalk+ Patrons can watch or listen to this entire episode commercial-free.Thanks to our Patrons Walter Johnson, Ali AlWaheedy, Armen Gevorgyan, Jenny K Leasure, WIGwigWIG, Denny, MaKayla A Holloway, Anna Dupre-Whiting, Allain Brideau, and David for supporting us this week.Photo Credit: Garpenholm, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Dr. Justin Abbatemarco talks with Dr. Aurora Pujol about diagnosing genetic white matter disorders by singleton whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing using interactome-driven prioritization. Read the full article in Neurology.

Dr. Aurora Pujol discusses diagnosing genetic white matter disorders by singleton whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing using interactome-driven prioritization. Show references: https://n.neurology.org/content/98/9/e912/tab-figures-data

References Dr Guerra's Lecture notes Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions (TRCI) Volume7, Issue1 2021 e12217 --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/dr-daniel-j-guerra/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/dr-daniel-j-guerra/support

This episode is also available as a blog post: http://donnyferguson.com/2021/08/30/brain-study-finds-cannabis-use-not-correlated-with-changes-in-white-matter-integrity/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/donny-ferguson/message

The human brain doesn't work out of the box: it has to learn tasks; processing has to be developed. By “grey matter” we mean the 80 billion or so brain cells with which we're born, but it's the fatty white matter – or myelination – growing along the cells' axonal projections, connecting different parts of the brain, that make it work faster and better. In this episode of the Neuromantics, we take a look at the surprising effects of that learning process on the neurophysiology of older people, as studied by Yuko Yotsumoto et al, in “White Matter in the Older Brain is More Plastic than in the Younger Brain” (2014).Both the young and the elderly can do new things. In Yotsumoto's experiment, they learn to pick out letters against a variety of backgrounds (and both age groups get better at it). But MRIs show that the really marked changes in white-matter arrangement are confined to older participants. Why? Is that a good or bad thing? And how might these changes be related to more general cognitive decline, where, because the grey cells are dying off, white matter no longer has much to connect?Maintaining a connection with the world, as well as suffering its loss, is one of later life's challenges, and nowhere is it more beautifully evoked than in Alice Munro's short story about the strange plasticity of affection, “The Bear Came Over the Mountain”, first published in the New Yorker in 1999. Fiona has Alzheimer's and goes into care. But it's her unworldly and rather selfish husband, Grant, who finds himself changing, unlearning assumptions, and being driven by love to an act of uncommon kindness.