Podcasts about apical

In this insightful episode, we speak with Dan Anderson, a qualified arborist from Apical, about the growing importance of tree management in residential development. With 25+ years of experience, Dan explores the multifaceted role trees play in urban planning—from enhancing aesthetics and managing urban heat to absorbing carbon emissions.Dan highlights the critical need for early arborist advice during site acquisition to avoid costly surprises and ensure compliance with council regulations. He explains how trees are assessed for value, covering factors like aesthetics, heritage, ecology, and risk management, and discusses the CDC pathways for tree removal approvals. Dan also shares real-world examples showing the impact of trees on development feasibility, underscoring the importance of integrating tree management into planning from the outset.This episode is a must-watch for anyone involved in residential development, offering practical advice on balancing development goals with environmental considerations.Topics:✅ The Role of Trees in Urban Planning and Development✅ Importance of Arborist Reports for Compliance and Feasibility✅ Tree Valuation Methodologies in Development Planning✅ Challenges of Tree Management Across Different Regions✅ Integrating Trees into High-Yield Development PlansConnect with Dan Anderson:LinkedIn:https://www.linkedin.com/in/daniel-anderson-a8657a8b/Website:http://www.apical-bushfire.com.au/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

CardioNerds (Dr. Yoav Karpenshif – Chair of the CardioNerds Critical Care Cardiology Council) join Dr. Munim Khan, Dr. Shravani Gangidi, and Dr. Rachel Goodman from Tufts Medical Center's general cardiology fellowship program for hot pot in China Town in Boston. They discuss a case involving a patient who presented with stress cardiomyopathy leading to cardiogenic shock. Expert commentary is provided by Dr. Michael Faulx from the Cleveland Clinic. Notes were drafted by Dr. Rachel Goodman. A young woman presents with de novo heart-failure cardiogenic shock requiring temporary mechanical circulatory support who is found to have basal variant takotsubo cardiomyopathy.  We review the definition and natural history of takotsubo cardiomyopathy, discuss initial evaluation and echocardiographic findings, and review theories regarding pathophysiology of the clinical syndrome. We also highlight complications of takotsubo cardiomyopathy, with a focus on left ventricular outflow obstruction, cardiogenic shock, and arrythmias. US Cardiology Review is now the official journal of CardioNerds! Submit your manuscript here. CardioNerds Case Reports PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademyCardionerds Healy Honor Roll CardioNerds Journal ClubSubscribe to The Heartbeat Newsletter!Check out CardioNerds SWAG!Become a CardioNerds Patron! Pearls Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is defined as a reversible systolic dysfunction with wall motion abnormalities that do not follow a coronary vascular distribution. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a diagnosis of exclusion; patients often undergo coronary angiography to rule out epicardial coronary artery disease given an overlap in presentation and symptoms with acute myocardial infarction. There are multiple echocardiographic variants of takotsubo. Apical ballooning is the classic finding, but mid-ventricular, basal, and biventricular variants exist as well. Patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy generally recover, but there are important complications to be aware of.  These include arrhythmia, left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction related to a hyperdynamic base in the context of apical ballooning, and cardiogenic shock. Patients with Impella devices are at risk of clot formation and stroke. Assessing the motor current can be a clue to what is happening at the level of the motor or screw. Notes What is Takotsubo Syndrome (TTS)? TTS is a syndrome characterized by acute heart failure without epicardial CAD with regional wall motion abnormalities seen on echocardiography that do not correspond to a coronary artery territory (see below).1 TTS classically develops following an acute stressor—this can be an emotional or physical stressor.1 An important feature of TTS is that the systolic dysfunction is reversible.  The time frame of reversibility is variable, though generally hours to weeks.2 Epidemiologically, TTS has a predilection for post-menopausal women, however anyone can develop this syndrome.1 TTS is a diagnosis of exclusion. Coronary artery disease (acute coronary syndrome, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, coronary embolus, etc) should be excluded when considering TTS. Myocarditis is on the differential diagnosis. What are the echocardiographic findings of takotsubo cardiomyopathy? The classic echocardiographic findings of TTS is “apical ballooning,” which is a way of descripting basal hyperkinesis with mid- and apical hypokinesis, akinesis, or dyskinesis.3 There are multiple variants of TTS. The four most common are listed below:3(1) Apical ballooning (classic TTS)(2) Mid-ventricular variant(3) Basal variant (4) Focal variant Less common variants include the biventricular variant and the isolated right ventricular  variant.3 Do patients with TTS generally have EKG changes or biomarker elevation? Patients often have elevated troponin, though the severity wall motion abnormalities seen on TTE i...

Darshan H. Brahmbhatt, Podcast Editor of JACC: Advances, discusses a recently published original research paper on long-term outcomes of patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy utilizing a new risk score.

Darshan H. Brahmbhatt, Podcast Editor of JACC: Advances discusses a recently published original research paper on clinical course and treatment of patients with apical aneurysms due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Devin Crow talks about the new anime season on Crunchy Roll, plus drinks some beer from Russian River Brewery. See the video at RoughEdgeTV

CardioNerds, Dr. Richard Ferraro and Dr. Dan ambinder join Dr. Li Pang, Dr. Emily Hendricks, and Dr. Bei Jiang from West Virginia University to discuss the following case that features apical obliteration with biventricular thrombus. Dr. Christopher Bianco provides the Expert CardioNerd Perspectives & Review (E-CPR) for this episode. Audio editing by CardioNerds Academy Intern, student doctor Tina Reddy. A 37-year-old Caucasian man with a history of tobacco smoking and hypertension who presented with chest pain and elevated troponin was admitted for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Ischemic evaluation with an invasive coronary angiogram was negative. He was treated as NSTEMI and scheduled for outpatient cardiac MRI (CMR). The patient came back 2 months later with right arm weakness and confusion and was found to have an embolic stroke. Labs showed positive troponin with a flat trend and hypereosinophilia. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showed obliteration of LV and RV apex with thrombus and reduced LV systolic function. CMR was consistent with myocarditis with biventricular thrombus. The patient was started on corticosteroids and warfarin. Hypereosinophilia workup was positive for PDGFRA alpha rearrangement. He was diagnosed with primary hypereosinophila syndrome. Imatinib was initiated. The patient was followed up with the hematology clinic, achieved a complete hematologic response with normalized cell count, and remained free from any cardiovascular event at the 8-month follow-up. US Cardiology Review is now the official journal of CardioNerds! Submit your manuscript here. CardioNerds Case Reports PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademyCardionerds Healy Honor Roll CardioNerds Journal ClubSubscribe to The Heartbeat Newsletter!Check out CardioNerds SWAG!Become a CardioNerds Patron! Case Media Pearls - Apical Obliteration with Biventricular Thrombus Cardiac MRI is a valuable test for patients presenting with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). Obliterated apex with apical thrombus on TTE with hypereosinophilia should raise high suspicion for eosinophilic myocarditis. Initiation of corticosteroids is the first-line treatment for eosinophilic myocarditis, which is associated with lower mortality in patients with myocarditis. For other potential complications, such as heart failure, intracardiac thrombus, arrhythmia, and pericardial effusion, the standard of care for each disorder is recommended. Hypereosinophilia can be seen in parasitic infections, vasculitis, asthma, allergy, hematological malignancies, and as a primary disorder. Show Notes - Apical Obliteration with Biventricular Thrombus What is the differential diagnosis for patients with elevated troponin and nonobstructive CAD? The occurrence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without significant CAD was reported 80 years ago. However, the term MINOCA (myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries) has only been used recently to describe these patients. It involves ischemic and nonischemic etiologies. First, overlooked ischemic etiologies need to be ruled out by reconciling the angiogram images such as spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) and plaque disruption. Intracoronary imaging, such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) or optical coherence tomography (OCT), may be applied to evaluate for SCAD and subtypes of plaque disruption when indicated.  The investigation continues with nonischemic causes such as stress cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, pulmonary embolism, demand ischemia from sepsis, anemia, chest trauma, heart failure exacerbation, arrhythmia, and stroke. The diagnosis of MINOCA is established when it fulfills the following criteria: First, it is AMI by the Fourth Universal Definition; Second, less than 50% of stenotic lesion on angiogram; Third, there is no alternate diagnosis.

Insieme a Nicola Zanola, CEO e founder, andiamo alla scoperta di Apical, una community che mira a favorire la creazione di valore attraverso lo sviluppo di organizzazioni trasformative e progetti di innovazione sociale. ▪️ Apicalhttps://apical.org/▪️ Nicola Zanolahttps://it.linkedin.com/in/nicola-zanola

Dedicamos este episodio a una especie tan icónica como vulnerable: el lobo ibérico. ¿Cuál es la situación actual del lobo en nuestro país? ¿Qué se ha conseguido y hacia dónde nos dirigimos en su protección? Hablamos con Ignacio Martínez, presidente de la Asociación para la Conservación y Estudio del Lobo Ibérico (ASCEL), y con María José Gil, abogada especializada Derecho Medioambiental.Enlaces relacionadosASCELhttps://loboiberico.com/Estatus legal del lobohttps://loboiberico.com/el-lobo/estatus-legal/Frontiers - Wolf Conservation and Management in Spain, An Open Debatehttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.781169/fullDictamen del Consejo de Estado - Proyecto de Orden por la que se modifica el anexo del Real Decreto 139/2011, de 4 de febrero, para el desarrollo del Listado de Especies Silvestres en Régimen de Protección Especial y del Catálogo Español de Especies Amenazadashttps://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=CE-D-2021-733

Back from our recent Puglia trip, joined by David Knaus of Apical Crop Science, we discuss Mirai's nutritional practices as we tackle the pressing issue of Xylella fastidiosa affecting Puglia's olive groves. The trip surpassed expectations in success but underscored the vast challenges ancient trees confront today. This episode marks a pivotal moment in exploring Apical's work and joining the effort to find solutions to the Xylella problem.  Join us in understanding and contributing to this crucial endeavor: https://bonsaimirai.com/blog/mirai-wild-puglian-olives-fundraiser

Apical HCM

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.08.02.551232v1?rss=1 Authors: Nguyen, T. P., Otani, T., Tsutsumi, M., Fujiwara, S., Nemoto, T., Fujimori, T., Furuse, M. Abstract: Epithelia must be able to resist mechanical force to preserve tissue integrity. While intercellular junctions are known to be important for the mechanical resistance of epithelia, the roles of tight junctions (TJs) remain to be established. We previously demonstrated that epithelial cells devoid of the TJ membrane proteins claudins and JAM-A completely lack TJs and exhibit focal breakages of their apical junctions. Here, we demonstrate that apical junctions undergo spontaneous fracture when claudin/JAM-A-deficient cells are exposed to mechanical stress. The junction fracture was accompanied by actin disorganization, and actin polymerization was required for apical junction integrity in the claudin/JAM-A-deficient cells. Further deletion of CAR resulted in the disruption of ZO-1 molecule ordering at cell junctions, accompanied by severe defects in apical junction integrity. These results demonstrate that TJ membrane proteins regulate the mechanical resistance of the apical junctional complex in epithelial cells. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.26.550681v1?rss=1 Authors: Chelaghma, S., Ke, H., Barylyuk, K., Krueger, T., Koreny, L., Waller, R. F. Abstract: Apicomplexans are ubiquitous intracellular parasites of animals. These parasites use a programmed sequence of secretory events to find, invade, and then reengineer their host cells to enable parasite growth and proliferation. The secretory organelles micronemes and rhoptries mediate the first steps of invasion. Both secrete their contents through the apical complex which provides an apical opening in the parasite's elaborate inner membrane complex (IMC) -- an extensive subpellicular system of flattened membrane cisternae and proteinaceous meshwork that otherwise limits access of the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane for material exchange with the cell exterior. After invasion, a second secretion programme drives host cell remodelling and occurs from dense granules. The site(s) of dense granule exocytosis, however, has been unknown. In Toxoplasma gondii, small subapical annular structures that are embedded in the IMC have been observed, but the role or significance of these apical annuli to plasma membrane function has also been unknown. Here, we determined that integral membrane proteins of the plasma membrane occur specifically at these apical annular sites, that these proteins include SNARE proteins, and that the apical annuli are sites of vesicle fusion and exocytosis. Specifically, we show that dense granules require these structures for the secretion of their cargo proteins. When secretion is perturbed at the apical annuli, parasite growth is arrested. The apical annuli, therefore, represent a second structure in the IMC specialised for protein secretion, and reveal that in Toxoplasma there is a physical separation of the processes of pre- and post-invasion secretion that mediate host-parasite interactions. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Language Servers underpin the language specific support we rely on in modern code editors. Lately, there have been new efforts in this area in the Elixir community. We talk with Steve Cohen about his project Lexical LS to learn about his new Elixir Language Server, how long he's been at it, and what it can do today. We learn about some of the technical challenges when creating a tool like this, and why there's still room for new projects in this area. Steve explains how Lexical LS is architected and that it is a goal to be easy to contribute to and work on the Lexical project itself. Time to give it a try! Show Notes online - http://podcast.thinkingelixir.com/161 (http://podcast.thinkingelixir.com/161) Elixir Community News - https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/releases/tag/v1.15.4 (https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/releases/tag/v1.15.4?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Elixir v1.15.3 and v1.15.4 were released. v1.15.4 includes fixes for running on Erlang/OTP 26. - https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/releases/tag/v1.15.3 (https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/releases/tag/v1.15.3?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Elixir v1.15.3 release notes - https://gleam.run/news/v0.30-local-dependencies-and-enhanced-externals/ (https://gleam.run/news/v0.30-local-dependencies-and-enhanced-externals/?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Gleam v0.30 was released - https://news.livebook.dev/whats-new-in-livebook-0.10---introducing-multi-session-livebook-apps-3Dbpss (https://news.livebook.dev/whats-new-in-livebook-0.10---introducing-multi-session-livebook-apps-3Dbpss?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – The Livebook v0.10 was released - https://gitlab.com/MachinesAreUs/archeometer (https://gitlab.com/MachinesAreUs/archeometer?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Archeometer analyzes your project and now supports a --format livemd - https://twitter.com/MachinesAreUs/status/1676127531840204800 (https://twitter.com/MachinesAreUs/status/1676127531840204800?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Archeometer Twitter share with Livebook demo - https://gitlab.com/MachinesAreUs/archeometer/-/merge_requests/205 (https://gitlab.com/MachinesAreUs/archeometer/-/merge_requests/205?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – MR for the new feature - https://twitter.com/wojtekmach/status/1679919717648138241 (https://twitter.com/wojtekmach/status/1679919717648138241?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Learned about "repotransact" as an alternative to Ecto.Multi - https://tomkonidas.com/repo-transact/ (https://tomkonidas.com/repo-transact/?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Blog post about repotransact with the code - https://twitter.com/germsvel/status/1678721797561131012 (https://twitter.com/germsvel/status/1678721797561131012?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – German Valesco highlighted the new DateTime comparison functions added in Elixir 1.15. - https://github.com/phoenixframework/dns_cluster (https://github.com/phoenixframework/dns_cluster?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – DNS Cluster - Simple DNS clustering for distributed Elixir nodes - https://twitter.com/DNAutics/status/1679902629000880128 (https://twitter.com/DNAutics/status/1679902629000880128?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Apical 0.2.0 released - an OpenAPI schema builder - https://0x7f.dev/post/ntp-implementation-in-elixir (https://0x7f.dev/post/ntp-implementation-in-elixir?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Post about implementing a Network Time Protocol in Elixir. - https://erikarow.land/articles/mix-completions (https://erikarow.land/articles/mix-completions?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Post about implementing shell completions for mix tasks - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKBMoE8mCkXijPYoLCKtWeHa-q69EYwDf (https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKBMoE8mCkXijPYoLCKtWeHa-q69EYwDf?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Youtube playlist for published GigCityElixir conference talks Do you have some Elixir news to share? Tell us at @ThinkingElixir (https://twitter.com/ThinkingElixir) or email at show@thinkingelixir.com (mailto:show@thinkingelixir.com) Discussion Resources - https://github.com/lexical-lsp/lexical (https://github.com/lexical-lsp/lexical?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Lexical LS Github project - https://github.com/lexical-lsp/vscode-lexical (https://github.com/lexical-lsp/vscode-lexical?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Lexical VS Code project - https://github.com/lexical-lsp/vscode-lexical#known-issues (https://github.com/lexical-lsp/vscode-lexical#known-issues?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Currently need to using Erlang 25.2 - https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=lexical-lsp.lexical (https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=lexical-lsp.lexical?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – VS Marketplace Link for Lexical LS extension - https://venturebeat.com/dev/pinterest-elixir/ (https://venturebeat.com/dev/pinterest-elixir/?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) - https://discord.com/invite/elixir (https://discord.com/invite/elixir?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Join the Elixir Discord - https://github.com/elixir-lsp/elixir_sense (https://github.com/elixir-lsp/elixir_sense?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ComparisonofUnicode_encodings (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Unicode_encodings?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) Guest Information - https://twitter.com/icecreamcohen (https://twitter.com/icecreamcohen?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – on Twitter - https://github.com/scohen/ (https://github.com/scohen/?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – on Github Find us online - Message the show - @ThinkingElixir (https://twitter.com/ThinkingElixir) - Message the show on Fediverse - @ThinkingElixir@genserver.social (https://genserver.social/ThinkingElixir) - Email the show - show@thinkingelixir.com (mailto:show@thinkingelixir.com) - Mark Ericksen - @brainlid (https://twitter.com/brainlid) - Mark Ericksen on Fediverse - @brainlid@genserver.social (https://genserver.social/brainlid) - David Bernheisel - @bernheisel (https://twitter.com/bernheisel) - David Bernheisel on Fediverse - @dbern@genserver.social (https://genserver.social/dbern) - Cade Ward - @cadebward (https://twitter.com/cadebward) - Cade Ward on Fediverse - @cadebward@genserver.social (https://genserver.social/cadebward)

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.18.549509v1?rss=1 Authors: Cacho-Navas, C., Lopez-Pujante, C., Reglero-Real, N., Colas-Algora, N., Cuervo, A., Conesa, J. J., Barroso, S., Ciordia, S., Paradela, A., D'Agostino, G., Manzo, C., Feito, J., Andres, G., Correas, I., Carazo, J. M., Nourshargh, S., Huch, M., Millan, J. Abstract: Epithelial Intercellular Adhesion Molecule (ICAM)-1 is apically polarized, interacts with and guides leukocytes across epithelial barriers. Polarized hepatic epithelia organize their apical membrane domain into bile canaliculi and ducts, which are not accessible to circulating immune cells but that nevertheless confine most of ICAM-1. Here, by analyzing ICAM-1_KO human hepatic cells, liver organoids from ICAM-1_KO mice and rescue-of-function experiments, we show that ICAM-1 regulates epithelial apicobasal polarity in a leukocyte adhesion-independent manner. ICAM-1 signals to an actomyosin network at the base of canalicular microvilli, thereby controlling the dynamics and size of bile canalicular-like structures (BCs). We identified the scaffolding protein EBP50/NHERF1/SLC9A3R1, which connects membrane proteins with the underlying actin cytoskeleton, in the proximity interactome of ICAM-1. EBP50 and ICAM-1 form nano-scale domains that overlap in microvilli, from which ICAM-1 regulates EBP50 nano-organization. Indeed, EBP50 expression is required for ICAM-1-mediated control of BC morphogenesis and actomyosin. Our findings indicate that ICAM-1 regulates the dynamics of epithelial apical membrane domains beyond its role as a heterotypic cell-cell adhesion molecule and reveal potential therapeutic strategies for preserving epithelial architecture during inflammatory stress. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.07.13.548868v1?rss=1 Authors: de Caestecker, C., Macara, I. Abstract: Apical sorting of epithelial membrane proteins is an essential process but remains incompletely understood. Apical cytoplasmic domains are significantly smaller than those of basolateral proteins; however, the reason for this attribute is unknown. We asked if a diffusion barrier at the trans-Golgi network might impede apical sorting of proteins with large cytoplasmic tails. We used Crumbs3 and Ace2 as example apical transmembrane proteins with short cytoplasmic tails. FKBP was attached to the C-termini for inducible dimerization to FRB-tagged proteins. A streptavidin-binding peptide on the extracellular domain traps the proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Biotin addition triggers release to the Golgi, then departure in vesicles to the apical cortex. Increasing cytoplasmic bulk by dimerization to FRB-SNAPtag moieties significantly delayed departure. Crb3 binds through its cytoplasmic tail to the Pals1 protein, and although Crb3 and Pals1 are associated at the ER and Golgi, Pals1 disassociates before Crb3 departure. A non-dissociable mutant Pals1 impedes Crb3 exit. We conclude that small cytoplasmic domains facilitate apical sorting. Reducing cytoplasmic domain size by timely Pals1 release is essential for normal kinetics of Crb3 sorting. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

The Conversation is BACK and in this episode, G3 is filing for dankruptcy... But don't worry, Cap'n's work for weed program will get the economy back on track! Also we talk autos vs photos (again), apical dominance, and buying a grow light in 2023. So sit back, relax, grab something to smoke on and get ready for a Cultivation Conversation. Please follow the show at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@cultivation.conversation⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and follow your hosts at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@girlgogrow⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@therealgreenmonsta⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ & ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@captainautoflower⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.⁠⁠⁠ Don't forget to like, comment, share & subscribe because all of that helps us A LOT! Thanks everyone and enjoy the show. DISCOUNT CODES AUTOPOTS - Use code "CC10" on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠autopot-usa.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ AC INFINITY - Use code "cultivation" on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠acinfinity.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ INSECT FRASS - Use code "CC10" ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠frassvalley.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ EVERYTHING - Use code "CC10" on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠mass-hydro.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ If you would like to support us on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠patreon⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Join us on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠discord ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow us on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠twitch⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Our ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠website⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Products⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ we use

The Conversation is BACK and in this episode, G3 is filing for dankruptcy... But don't worry, Cap'n's work for weed program will get the economy back on track! Also we talk autos vs photos (again), apical dominance, and buying a grow light in 2023. So sit back, relax, grab something to smoke on and get ready for a Cultivation Conversation. Please follow the show at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@cultivation.conversation⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ and follow your hosts at ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@girlgogrow⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠, ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@therealgreenmonsta⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ & ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@captainautoflower⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠.⁠⁠⁠ Don't forget to like, comment, share & subscribe because all of that helps us A LOT! Thanks everyone and enjoy the show. DISCOUNT CODES AUTOPOTS - Use code "CC10" on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠autopot-usa.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ AC INFINITY - Use code "cultivation" on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠acinfinity.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ INSECT FRASS - Use code "CC10" ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠frassvalley.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ EVERYTHING - Use code "CC10" on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠mass-hydro.com⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ If you would like to support us on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠patreon⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Join us on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠discord ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Follow us on ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠twitch⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Our ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠website⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Products⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ we use

A challenge for many people learning Elixir is the change in the mental model. Coming from OOP to Functional changes how we reason about our applications and the old way doesn't always map over cleanly. Also, Elixir is capable of doing a lot more than other languages and frameworks can and this means learning how to build a “normal” application may change. We talk with Steve Bussey about his new book “From Ruby to Elixir” that aims to help people bridge that gap. While the title says “Ruby”, we discuss how many of the concepts apply to people coming from most OOP languages. We talk about different libraries to recommend to people coming from a traditional Rails stack and more! Show Notes online - http://podcast.thinkingelixir.com/158 (http://podcast.thinkingelixir.com/158) Elixir Community News - https://github.com/livebook-dev/livebook/security/advisories/GHSA-564w-97r7-c6p9 (https://github.com/livebook-dev/livebook/security/advisories/GHSA-564w-97r7-c6p9?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Livebook security advisory for Windows installs - https://twitter.com/livebookdev/status/1671576191461990407 (https://twitter.com/livebookdev/status/1671576191461990407?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Livebook security notice on Twitter - https://www.twitch.tv/josevalim/videos?filter=highlights&sort=time (https://www.twitch.tv/josevalim/videos?filter=highlights&sort=time?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – José Valim shared where we can find past Twitch videos - https://elixirforum.com/t/elixir-v1-15-0-released/56584/6 (https://elixirforum.com/t/elixir-v1-15-0-released/56584/6?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Workaround for Elixir 1.15.0 with issues compiling the Erlang dependency sslverifyfun. - https://twitter.com/ac_alejos/status/1672351346278944769 (https://twitter.com/ac_alejos/status/1672351346278944769?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – New Decision Tree library called Mockingjay takes advantage of Nx - https://github.com/acalejos/mockingjay (https://github.com/acalejos/mockingjay?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Mockingjay Decision Tree library - https://twitter.com/zachsdaniel1/status/1673278949667885057 (https://twitter.com/zachsdaniel1/status/1673278949667885057?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – The EEF (Erlang Ecosystem Foundation) approved the creation of a new working group. - https://erlef.org/wg/libs-and-frameworks (https://erlef.org/wg/libs-and-frameworks?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – the Libraries and Frameworks working group page - https://twitter.com/ZachSDaniel1/status/1672248650502660098 (https://twitter.com/ZachSDaniel1/status/1672248650502660098?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Ash Framework released 2.11.0-rc.0 is out - https://github.com/CargoSense/briefly (https://github.com/CargoSense/briefly?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Noticed "briefly" is a library to help manage temporary files - https://twitter.com/DNAutics/status/1672828839574089728 (https://twitter.com/DNAutics/status/1672828839574089728?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Isaac Yonemoto released 0.1 of his OpenAPI router library Apical - https://hexdocs.pm/apical (https://hexdocs.pm/apical?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Apical github project - https://www.elixir-tools.dev/next-ls/ (https://www.elixir-tools.dev/next-ls/?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Mitch Hanberg sharing some early progress with his Next-LS project. - https://twitter.com/royalicing/status/1671689512685301762 (https://twitter.com/royalicing/status/1671689512685301762?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Patrick Smith shared a sneak peak of a new library called Orb for compiling Elixir code to WebAssembly - https://github.com/ComponentsGuide/componentsguide/tree/master/lib/componentsguide/wasm (https://github.com/ComponentsGuide/components_guide/tree/master/lib/components_guide/wasm?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – The OpenSource project where Orb code will be extracted from. Do you have some Elixir news to share? Tell us at @ThinkingElixir (https://twitter.com/ThinkingElixir) or email at show@thinkingelixir.com (mailto:show@thinkingelixir.com) Discussion Resources - https://twitter.com/YOOOODAAAA/status/1663988571047354371 (https://twitter.com/YOOOODAAAA/status/1663988571047354371?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Twitter post announcing Beta version of the book. - https://pragprog.com/titles/sbelixir/from-ruby-to-elixir/ (https://pragprog.com/titles/sbelixir/from-ruby-to-elixir/?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) - https://www.supered.io/ (https://www.supered.io/?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) - https://pragprog.com/titles/sbsockets/real-time-phoenix/ (https://pragprog.com/titles/sbsockets/real-time-phoenix/?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Previous book "Real-Time Phoenix” published in March 2020. - https://www.supered.io (https://www.supered.io?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) - https://github.com/elixir-tesla/tesla (https://github.com/elixir-tesla/tesla?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) - https://github.com/wojtekmach/req (https://github.com/wojtekmach/req?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) Guest Information - https://twitter.com/YOOOODAAAA (https://twitter.com/YOOOODAAAA?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – on Twitter - https://github.com/sb8244/ (https://github.com/sb8244/?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – on Github - http://www.stephenbussey.com/ (http://www.stephenbussey.com/?utm_source=thinkingelixir&utm_medium=shownotes) – Blog Find us online - Message the show - @ThinkingElixir (https://twitter.com/ThinkingElixir) - Message the show on Fediverse - @ThinkingElixir@genserver.social (https://genserver.social/ThinkingElixir) - Email the show - show@thinkingelixir.com (mailto:show@thinkingelixir.com) - Mark Ericksen - @brainlid (https://twitter.com/brainlid) - Mark Ericksen on Fediverse - @brainlid@genserver.social (https://genserver.social/brainlid) - David Bernheisel - @bernheisel (https://twitter.com/bernheisel) - David Bernheisel on Fediverse - @dbern@genserver.social (https://genserver.social/dbern) - Cade Ward - @cadebward (https://twitter.com/cadebward) - Cade Ward on Fediverse - @cadebward@genserver.social (https://genserver.social/cadebward)

Steven Rinella talks with Michael Snyder, Ryan Callaghan, Seth Morris, Phil Taylor, and Corinne Schneider. Topics include: The day Phil died; Michael's book, Woods Whys; why conifers are shaped like cones; a hot tip on pickup lines that work; the maple syrup business; the Wyoming corner crossing victory; when Hunter Biden becomes an unlikely poster child for the Second Amendment; tree weight to fruit weight ratio; how trees aren't throwing off more "akerns" to help critters get through a tough season; 43560; flat vs. hilly; old forests and being defined by function; sap wood, heart wood, and fat wood; why paper birch trees are white; how the injury response of trees causes burls in wood; how Smokey Bear lied a little; being disconnected from our daily consumption of wood products; and more.  Connect with Steve and MeatEater Steve on Instagram and Twitter MeatEater on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube Shop MeatEater MerchSee omny.fm/listener for privacy information.

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.03.27.534352v1?rss=1 Authors: Cai, P., Casas, C. J., Hua, L. L., Mikawa, T. Abstract: Individual homologous chromosomes are spatially segregated into haploid chromosome sets along the centrosome axis in an antipairing configuration. Disruption of the antipairing pattern occurs in cancer cells. However, little is known about how this spatial organization of chromosomes is established or maintained. Here, we report that there is a zone of diminished interchromosomal linkage and centromere components between haploid sets in primary and established human epithelial cell lines. Using 4-Dimensional live cell imaging analysis of centromere and centrosome tracking, we show ipsilateral restriction of chromosome oscillations along the diminished zone, coincident with the centrosome and apical-basal axis from mitosis onset to G1 interphase. We propose a biophysical model of axis-dependent ipsilateral restriction of chromosome oscillations for haploid set organization. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.28.530466v1?rss=1 Authors: Chatterjee, P., Morgan, C. P., Krey, J. F., Benson, C., Goldsmith, J., Bateschell, M., Ricci, A., Barr-Gillespie, P. G. Abstract: GIPC3 has been implicated in auditory function. Initially localized to the cytoplasm of inner and outer hair cells of the cochlea, GIPC3 increasingly concentrated in cuticular plates and at cell junctions over the first two weeks of postnatal development. Early postnatal Gipc3KO/KO mice had mostly normal mechanotransduction currents, but by one month of age they had a complete loss of their auditory brainstem response. During postnatal development, cuticular plates rounded up in Gipc3KO/KO hair cells, then degenerated after postnatal day 15. GIPC3 bound directly to MYO6, and the loss of MYO6 led to altered distribution of GIPC3. In addition, junctions between inner hair cells and intervening inner phalangeal cells were severely disrupted in Gipc3KO/KO. Immunoaffinity isolation of GIPC3 from chicken inner ear extracts identified co-precipitating proteins associated with adherens junctions, intermediate filament networks, and the cuticular plate. Several of these immunoprecipitated proteins contained GIPC-family consensus PDZ binding motifs (PBMs), including MYO18A, which binds directly to the PDZ domain of GIPC3. We propose that GIPC3 and MYO6 couple to PBMs of cytoskeletal and cell-junction proteins to shape the cuticular plate. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.22.529570v1?rss=1 Authors: Matoo, S., Graves, M. J., Choi, M. S., El Sheikh Idris, R. A., Acharya, P., Thapa, G., Nguyen, T., Atallah, S. Y., Tipirneni, A. K., Stevenson, P. J., Crawley, S. W. Abstract: Transporting epithelial cells of the gut and kidney interact with their luminal environment through a densely-packed collection of apical microvilli known as the brush border. Proper brush border assembly depends on the intermicrovillar adhesion complex (IMAC), a protocadherin-based adhesion complex found at the distal tips of microvilli that mediates adhesion between neighboring protrusions to promote their organized packing. Loss of the IMAC adhesion molecule Cadherin-related family member 5 (CDHR5) correlates with poor prognosis of colon cancer patients, though the functional properties of this protocadherin have not been thoroughly explored in relevant cell systems. Here, we show that the two dominant CDHR5 splice isoforms expressed in enterocytes interact to form an apparent cis-oligomer that is competent to target to the apical domain to drive microvillar elongation. The two isoforms exhibited distinct sequence-dependent apical targeting properties, with one isoform requiring its cytoplasmic tail. Library screening identified the Ezrin-associated scaffolds EBP50 and E3KARP as cytoplasmic binding partners for CDHR5. Consistent with this, loss of EBP50 disrupted proper brush border assembly with cells exhibiting markedly reduced apical IMAC levels. Together, our results shed light on the apical targeting determinants of CDHR5 and further define the interactome of the IMAC involved in brush border assembly. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.02.12.528237v1?rss=1 Authors: Duszyc, K., von Pein, J., Ramnath, D., Currin-Ross, D., Verma, S., Lim, F., Sweet, M. J., Schroder, K., Yap, A. S. Abstract: Apoptosis is traditionally considered to be an immunologically silent form of cell death. Multiple mechanisms exist to ensure that apoptosis does not stimulate the immune system to cause inflammation or autoimmunity. Against this expectation, we now report epithelia are programmed to provoke, rather than suppress, inflammation in response to apoptosis. We found that an acute inflammatory response led by neutrophils occurs in zebrafish and cell culture when apoptotic epithelial cells cannot be expelled from the monolayer by apical extrusion. This reflects an intrinsic circuit where ATP released from apoptotic cells stimulates epithelial cells in the immediate vicinity to produce IL-8. As the epithelial barrier is compromised when apical extrusion fails, this juxta-apoptotic proinflammatory pathway may represent an early-response mechanism at sites of potential microbial ingress. Conversely, apical extrusion prevents inappropriate epithelial inflammation by physically eliminating apoptotic cells before they can activate this proinflammatory circuit. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.30.526280v1?rss=1 Authors: Zhang, P., Medwig-Kinney, T. N., Goldstein, B. Abstract: Apical constriction is a cell shape change that drives key morphogenetic events during development, including gastrulation and neural tube formation. The forces driving apical constriction are primarily generated through the contraction of apicolateral and/or medioapical actomyosin networks. In the Drosophila ventral furrow, the medioapical actomyosin network has a sarcomere-like architecture, with radially polarized actin filaments and centrally enriched non-muscle myosin II and myosin activating kinase. To determine if this is a broadly conserved actin architecture driving apical constriction, we examined actomyosin architecture during C. elegans gastrulation, in which two endodermal precursor cells internalize from the surface of the embryo. Quantification of protein localization showed that neither the non-muscle myosin II NMY-2 nor the myosin-activating kinase MRCK-1 is enriched at the center of the apex. Further, visualization of barbed- and pointed-end capping proteins revealed that actin filaments do not exhibit radial polarization at the apex. Taken together with observations made in other organisms, our results demonstrate that diverse actomyosin architectures are used in animal cells to accomplish apical constriction. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.24.525309v1?rss=1 Authors: Burckle, C., Raitiere, J., Kodjabachian, L., Le-Bivic, A. Abstract: Cell shape changes mainly rely on the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Multiciliated cells (MCCs) of the mucociliary epidermis of Xenopus laevis embryos, as they mature, dramatically reshape their apical domain to grow cilia, in coordination with the underlying actin cytoskeleton. Crumbs (Crb) proteins are multifaceted transmembrane apical polarity proteins known to recruit actin linkers and promote apical membrane growth. Here, we identify the homeolog Crb3.L as an important player for apical domain morphogenesis in differentiating Xenopus MCCs. We found that Crb3.L is initially present in cytoplasmic vesicles in the vicinity of ascending centrioles/basal bodies (BBs), then at the expanding apical membrane concomitantly with BB docking, and finally in the ciliary shaft of growing and mature cilia. Using morpholino-mediated knockdown, we show that Crb3.L-depleted MCCs display a complex phenotype associating reduction in the apical surface, disorganization of the apical actin meshwork, centriole/BB migration defects, as well as abnormal ciliary tuft formation. Based on prior studies, we hypothesized that Crb3.L could regulate Ezrin-Radixin Moesin (ERM) protein subcellular localization in MCCs. Strikingly, we observed that endogenous phospho-activated ERM (pERM) is recruited to the growing apical domain of inserting MCCs, in a Crb3.L-dependent manner. Our data suggest that Crb3.L recruits and/or stabilizes activated pERM at the emerging apical membrane to allow coordinated actin-dependent expansion of the apical membrane in MCCs. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2023.01.12.523838v1?rss=1 Authors: Ventrella, R., Kim, S. K., Sheridan, J., Grata, A. C., Bresteau, E., Hassan, O. A., Suva, E. E., Walentek, P., Mitchell, B. Abstract: Xenopus embryos are covered with a complex epithelium containing numerous multiciliated cells (MCCs). During late stage development there is a dramatic remodeling of the epithelium that involves the complete loss of MCCs. Cell extrusion is a well-characterized process for driving cell loss while maintaining epithelial barrier function. Normal cell extrusion is typically unidirectional whereas bidirectional extrusion is often associated with disease (e.g. cancer). We describe two distinct mechanisms for MCC extrusion, a basal extrusion driven by Notch signaling and an apical extrusion driven by Piezo1. Early in the process there is a strong bias towards basal extrusion, but as development continues there is a shift towards apical extrusion. Importantly, receptivity to the Notch signal is age-dependent and governed by the maintenance of the MCC transcriptional program such that extension of this program is protective against cell loss. In contrast, later apical extrusion is regulated by Piezo 1 such that premature activation of Piezo 1 leads to early extrusion while blocking Piezo 1 leads to MCC maintenance. Distinct mechanisms for MCC loss underlie the importance of their removal during epithelial remodeling. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.26.521704v1?rss=1 Authors: Martin, C. G., Bent, J. S., Singhvi, A. Abstract: For an organ to maintain proper architecture and function, its different component cell-types must coordinate their cell-shapes with each other through life. While cell-intrinsic developmental mechanisms driving homotypic cell-cell coordination are known, how heterotypic cells collectively regulate cell-shape is less-clear. We report that, in a sense-organ, epithelial cells delimit and maintain polarity domains of contacting glia, and thereby, associated neuron shapes throughout life. Briefly, Hsp co-chaperone UNC-23/BAG2 keeps epithelial apical domains from deforming with animal movement. Epithelial apical domains stretch aberrantly and progressively in adult unc-23 mutant animals, which in an FGFR-dependent manner, dislocates glial apical cytoskeleton proteins SMA-1/{beta}H-Spectrin and actin. This alters glial apical polarity and cell shape, and concomitantly, associated neuron-ending shape. Notably, UNC-23 acts temporally at a developmental critical period to maintain glia-neuron shape in adults, and spatially within a defined anatomical zone. Lastly, intervention in either epithelia, glia or neuron ameliorate or phenocopy unc-23 neural defects. Epi/endothelia resist mechanical stress and contact glia-neuron units across central/peripheral nervous systems and species, and all components of the identified molecular pathway are conserved and disease-relevant. Thus, we posit that analogous epithelia-glia mechanobiological coupling may broadly regulate glia-neuron shapes through animal life. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.26.521937v1?rss=1 Authors: Mancini, L., Guirao, B., Ortica, S., Labusch, M., Cheysson, F., Bonnet, V., Phan, M. S., Herbert, S., Mahou, P., Menant, E., Bedu, S., Tinevez, J.-Y., Baroud, C., Beaurepaire, E., Bellaiche, Y., Bally-Cuif, L., Dray, N. Abstract: The maintenance of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain depends on their activation frequency and division mode. We use long-term intravital imaging of NSCs in the zebrafish adult telencephalon to link activation and division mode with predictive cellular and molecular parameters. We reveal that apical surface area and expression of the Notch ligand DeltaA predict NSC activation frequency, while deltaA expression marks NSC commitment to neurogenesis. We also find that deltaA-negative NSCs constitute the bona fide self-renewing NSC pool and systematically engage in asymmetric divisions generating a self-renewing deltaAneg and a neurogenic deltaApos NSC. Finally, modulation of Notch signaling during imaging indicates that the prediction of activation frequency by apical size, and the asymmetric divisions of deltaAneg NSCs, are functionally independent of Notch. These results provide dynamic qualitative and quantitative readouts of NSC lineage progression in vivo and support a hierarchical organization of NSCs in differently fated sub-populations. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.12.16.520750v1?rss=1 Authors: Pombo-Garcia, K., Martin-Lemaitre, C., Honigmann, A. Abstract: Biomolecular condensates enable cell compartmentalization by acting as membrane-less organelles. How cells control the interactions of condensates with other cellular structures such as membranes to drive morphological transitions remains poorly understood. Here, we studied formation of tight junctions, which initially assemble as condensates that over time elongate around the membrane cell perimeter to form a closed junctional barrier. We discovered that the elongation of junctional condensates is driven by a physical wetting process around the apical membrane interface. Using temporal proximity proteomics in combination with live and super-resolution imaging, we found that wetting is mediated by the apical protein PATJ, which promotes adhesion of condensates to the apical membrane resulting in an interface formation and linear spreading into a closed belt. Using PATJ mutations we show that apical adhesion of junctional condensates is necessary and sufficient for stable tight junction belt formation. Our results demonstrate how cells exploit the collective biophysical properties of protein condensates and membrane interfaces to shape mesoscale structures. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.11.04.515188v1?rss=1 Authors: Bidaud-Meynard, A., Nicolle, O., Bourdais, A., Duclos, M., Saleh, J., Ruemmele, F., Farin, H. F., Delacour, D., Moshous, D., Michaux, G. Abstract: Intestinal microvillus atrophy is a major cause of enteropathies such as idiopathic or congenital diarrhea that are often associated with severe morbidity. It can be caused by genetic disorders, inflammatory diseases, toxins or pathogens. In particular, Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is characterized by a chronic intractable diarrhea and a severe microvillus atrophy. It is triggered by mutations in MYO5B, STX3, MUNC18.2 or UNC45A which alter epithelial polarity by affecting apical trafficking in intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, we recently established that the depletion of the V0 sector of the V-ATPase complex induces an MVID-like phenotype in C. elegans. In this study we investigated the function of the V0-ATPase complex in mouse intestinal organoids. We found that its depletion also triggers a very severe microvillus atrophy in this model. Furthermore, we established that the polarity of intestinal cells is affected in a patient carrying mutations in TCIRG1 which encodes a V0-ATPase subunit. However, V0-ATPase depletion does not recapitulate other MVID-specific phenotypes such as subapical vesicle accumulation and Rab11+ endosomes mislocalization. Finally, we found that the apical localization of the V0-ATPase is disrupted in MVID patients. Altogether these results suggest a role for the V0-ATPase in microvillus atrophy which might be independent from apical trafficking. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.13.511617v1?rss=1 Authors: Ok, M. T., Liu, J., Bliton, R. J., Hinesley, C. M., San Pedro, E. E. T., Breau, K. A., Gomez-Martinez, I., Burclaff, J., Magness, S. T. Abstract: Background & Aims: Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) toxins A (TcdA) and B (TcdB) cause antibiotic-associated colitis and increase morbidity and mortality. Accurate in vitro models are necessary to detect early toxicity kinetics, investigate disease etiology, and develop pre-clinical models for new therapies. Properties of cancer cell lines and 3D organoids inherently limit these efforts. Here, we develop adult stem cell-derived monolayers of differentiated human colonic epithelium (hCE) with barrier function, investigate the impact of toxin application to apical/basal aspects of monolayers, and evaluate whether a leaky epithelial barrier enhances toxicity. Methods: Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) mapped C. difficile-relevant genes to cell lineages across the human gut. Transcriptomics informed timing of stem cell differentiation to achieve in vitro colonocyte maturation like that observed in vivo. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and fluorescent dextran permeability assays measured cytotoxicity as barrier loss post-toxin exposure. Leaky epithelial barriers were induced with diclofenac (DCF). Results: scRNAseq demonstrated broad and variable toxin receptor expression across the human gut lineages. Absorptive colonocytes displayed generally enhanced toxin receptor, Rho GTPase, and cell junction expression. 21-day differentiated Caco-2 cells remained immature whereas hCE monolayers were similar to mature colonocytes. hCE monolayers exhibited high barrier function after 1-day differentiation. Basal TcdA/B application to monolayers caused more toxicity and apoptosis than apical exposure. DCF induced leaky hCE monolayers and enhanced toxicity of TcdB exposure. Conclusions: hCE monolayers represent a physiologically relevant and sensitive culture system to evaluate impact of microbial toxins on gut epithelium, demonstrate uncoupled onset and magnitude of apical/basal toxicities with delayed apical toxicity, and highlight that leaky paracellular junctions enhance toxicity of apical TcdB exposure. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by Paper Player, LLC

You heard it here first! Listen up for a well designed prospective cohort study analyzing what happens when smaller trochars are used during prolapse repair in women who are part of a surgical registry. Dr. Allison Edwards, a urogynecology fellow from the University of Calgary shares her interesting findings comparing trochar size, finding decreased opioid use after surgery for the smaller caliber trochar.  

Una de las cosas que ocurren a diario en el atleta durante la competición es: Que cuando la presión es mayor, con ella, la mente se acelera, y también aumenta la frecuencia cardíaca y la frecuencia respiratoria. Es difícil controlar esa mente acelerada y no se puede controlar conscientemente el ritmo cardíaco. ¿En qué hay que concentrarse? En la Respiración.

#008-The physician with arguably the largest clinical experience in prescribing Rapamycin for longevity talks about the challenges and benefits of this fascinating and controversial practice. Dr Alan Green takes us on a deep dive on the use of Rapamycin for longevity.Take away points: -Rapamycin has extended the lifespan of organisms from yeast, worms, flies, and even middle-aged mice.-In a 2014 paper, rapamycin extended the median lifespan 23% in male mice and 26% in female mice. -It is an FDA approved prescription drug with indications for use for the prevention of organ transplant rejection and for the treatment of lymphangioleiomyomatosis.-The drug requires a prescription and should only be used under supervision of a physician-Rapamycin acts by suppressing the master nutrient sensing protein mTOR [mechanistic target of Rapamycin]02:45 Blagosklonny papers (Blagosklonny 2019)05:23 Jane Mannick rapalogue paper (Mannick 2014)08:04 Cardiomyopathy diagnosis : Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy09:14 Elevated mTOR as common factor- Inflammation, fibrosis, 12:03 Rapamycin role to decrease mTOR overview common pathway 14:23 mTOR is essentially command and control of the cell for the last 2 billion years15:00 Mitochondrial complex 1 affected by common pathway by rapamycin, caloric restriction, protein restriction, methionine restriction has universal anti-aging effects16:05 Increased mTOR causes increased innate immune system/inflammation 17:28 2009 paper showed increased mouse lifespan not by just decreasing cancer but most other diseases of aging19:15 Osteoarthritis inflammation improved by decreased mTOR and increased autophagy 23:00 Alzheimer disease as a disease of senescent cells26:00 importance of dose timing for Rapamycin27:00 Anti aging effects on mTOR1 and other effects on mTOR232:00 Rapamycin as off patent drug37:00 Dosing considerations and subjective effects40:00 Tracking HOMA-IR  (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) score 42:00 Improvement in exercise related to maximum cardiac output45:00 Age associated cardiomyopathy49:00 Untoward effects- Aphthous ulcers and decreased innate immune system. Be on guard for bacterial infections.57:00 Personal lifestyle choiceshttps://rapamycintherapy.com/ Rapamycin Clinical Registryhttps://www.rapamycin.io/Blagosklonny, Mikhail V. “Rapamycin for Longevity: Opinion Article.” Aging 11, no. 19 (October 4, 2019): 8048–67. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102355.Harrison, David E., Randy Strong, Zelton Dave Sharp, James F. Nelson, Clinton M. Astle, Kevin Flurkey, Nancy L. Nadon, et al. “Rapamycin Fed Late in Life Extends Lifespan in Genetically Heterogeneous Mice.” Nature 460, no. 7253 (July 2009): 392–95. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08221.Mannick, J. B., G. Del Giudice, M. Lattanzi, N. M. Valiante, J. Praestgaard, B. Huang, M. A. Lonetto, et al. “MTOR Inhibition Improves Immune Function in the Elderly.” Science Translational Medicine 6, no. 268 (December 24, 2014): 268ra179-268ra179. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3009892.*** SUBSCRIBE TO ROBERT LUFKIN MD YOUTUBE CHANNEL HERE ***https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2w2eKHmcRXuGR8RmTgUv3Q*** CONNECT WITH ROBERT LUFKIN MD ON SOCIAL MEDIA ***Web: https://robertlufkinmd.com/Twitter:https://twitter.com/robertlufkinmd*** GOT A SUGGESTION FOR A SHOW? ***Contact us at: https://robertlufkinmd.com/contactDisclaimer: We are ambassadors or affiliates for many of the brands we reference on the channel. ------------------------------------------------------------------------#longevity  #wellness #antiaging #biologicalage #lifestylemedicine #younger #epigenetics #biohacking  #RSupport the show

-----Criador_do_Podcast----- Prof. Nilton Vivacqua Gomes • Especialista, Mestre e Doutor em Endodontia pela UNICAMP. • Professor dos Cursos de Aperfeiçoamento, Especialização e Imersão em Endodontia da ABO-CE (Coordenador) e FAMETRO-CE. • Professor-Coord. do Mestrado de Excelência em Endodontia da Faculdade SL Mandic-CE. • Professor Convidado dos Cursos de Aperfeiçoamento e Especialização do IOA-Balneário Camboriú-SC. ----------------------------------------- Profa. Juliana Vilela Bastos • Professora adjunta da área de Endodontia, Graduação e PG, da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFMG. • Coordenadora do Programa traumatismos dentários da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFMG. • Coordenadora do grupo de pesquisa Traumatismos Dentários da UFMG. • Coordenadora do curso Modular de Atualização em traumatismos Dentários da FAO UFMG. • Professora convidada do Diploma de Postitulo em Traumalogía Dentaria da Universidade de Valparaiso no Chile. • Colaboradora Regional do Projeto Dental Trauma Guide (Universidade da Dinamarca - Copenhagen) para a versão na língua portuguesa (Brasil). Dental Trauma Guide (Português) https://bit.ly/GuiaTraumaDental ----------------------------------------- -----Cursos----- Clique nos Links abaixo para: Curso VIP: http://bit.ly/vivacquavip Aperf. e Imersões: http://bit.ly/aperfeic Especializações: http://bit.ly/especializ Materiais - Dentalbox Conceito (85) 98180-9804 ----------------------------------------- -----Apoio----- Você pode apoiar essa iniciativa, para incentivá-la a continuar indefinidamente. É só acessar www.apoia.se/ENDOdontoCast e escolher o valor com o qual deseja apoiar mensalmente. Vale até mesmo 1 real. Quanto maior o valor, maior o benefício. -----Apoiadores----- Categoria Diamante Monica Moura Hudson Carneiro Categoria Ouro: Indyanara Chinaqui André Quiudini Carlos Henrique Resende Rafael Saulo Gabriela Rodrigues ----------------------------------------- -----Referências_Científicas----- Effect of Irrigating Solution and Calcium Hydroxide Root Canal Dressing on the Repair of Apical and Periapical Tissues of Teeth with Periapical Lesion. Tanomaru-Filho et al., J Endod, 2002. Effect of Diferent Irrigation Solutions and Calcium Hydroxide on Bacterial LPS. Tanomaru et al., Int End J, 2003). Histological Study of the Effect of Some Irrigating Solutions on Bacterial Endotoxin in Dogs. Silva et al., Braz Dent J, 2004. ----------------------------------------- -----Site_e_Contatos----- EndodontiaAvancada.com EndodontiaAvancada.com@gmail.com Canal no Telegram: http://bit.ly/VivacquaNews ----------------------------------------- -----Redes_Sociais----- Instagram/Facebook: NiltonVivacqua LinkedIn: Nilton Vivacqua Twitter: NiltonVivacqua e EndoAvancada Página/Grupo do Facebook: EndodontiaAvancada.com

On today's show we try a new beer featuring a new hop from Russian River. We experience one of the strangest beers in the world and it's green! We sample a Peanut Butter Graham Cracker beer, the latest in Stone's Enjoy By series, and a DIPA from Humble Forager. Plus we take a look at the latest beer news and read your comments. Discuss this Episode Beers Discussed: Apical Dominance Peanut Butter Graham Cracker Porter Elevated Perspective (Version 5) It Was His Birthday and They Didn't Even Care Enjoy By 04.20.21 Hazy IPA

Do any of you remember that store in the mall that sold mini bonsai trees and meditative water features? I was pretty obsessed with them as a kid and was so taken with these tiny trees, all the miniaturization of these beautiful, serene scenes. I definitely had and killed several of those trees in my teenage years, and I’m put at ease to hear I’m not the only one after speaking to many of you on Instagram about bonsai and our guest today, Bjorn from Eisei-en Bonsai. We cover a lot about this niche hobby of bonsai within an already niche of plant care, so let's get to it! Don't forget to subscribe to the podcast, so you don't miss the amazing episodes we have coming up! In this episode we learn: [00:04:44] How Bjorn became the bonsai expert he is today [00:05:35] How long does a bonsai apprenticeship take? What are typical duties for a bonsai apprentice? [00:07:31] Bjorn shares his experience in Japan and being an apprentice [00:09:16] How to properly pronounce ‘bonsai’ and what it means [00:09:40] What is a bonsai? How do you classify a tree as a bonsai tree? [00:10:56] Can you turn any tree into a bonsai? [00:11:54] Apical dominance vs lateral dominance [00:14:14] How to measure bonsais and the different bonsai size classifications: shohin and chuhin [00:16:03] Where did bonsais originate from? [00:17:43] How do you differentiate between indoor bonsais and outdoor bonsais? What are great plants for both types? [00:19:29] How much light do bonsais need? [00:20:25] The basic bonsai potting mix: pumice, lava rock, and akadama (yes, it’s Japanese!) [00:22:01] How much fertilizer does your bonsai need? What kind of fertilizer should you apply to your bonsai? [00:23:26] Bonsai and teabags: how to ‘tea’ your bonsai when adding fertilizer [00:24:19] Why growing bonsais is about practicing control [00:25:00] How to take care of sick bonsai trees and what the long-term goal is for growing bonsais [00:26:02] What bonsais can teach us about patience [00:26:20] Where to get the best soil mixes for all plant needs [00:27:36] How to keep deer and wildlife from your garden [00:29:27] Do you want your bonsais to bloom? [00:30:51] How often should you water bonsais? Bjorn gives us the how-to and why’s on watering bonsais [00:34:32] Bonsai and shade cloths: where should you place your bonsai? What is a bonsai’s ideal light situation? [00:36:20] Bonsai pruning 101 [00:37:32] Plant nerd facts: what are the growth hormones auxin and cytokine and what do they do? [00:40:05] Why are bonsai trees in small and shallow pots? [00:41:20] How much of a bonsai tree’s roots should you prune? [00:42:48] Why spring is the best time to prune your bonsai [00:43:41] Root galls and how to properly remove them 00:45:58] How do you prune bonsai shoots? When and how do you use copper or aluminum wires to shape your bonsai? [00:49:32] The concept of mochikomi [00:50:28] The biggest mistakes people make when it comes to bonsais [00:52:08] Bjorn’s recommendations for beginner bonsai growers [00:55:39] Where to get the best bonsais online [00:56:43] Winterizing your bonsai tree [00:58:27] What is the best bonsai tree pest treatment? [01:00:10] Why everyone should try bonsai! Mentioned in our conversation: Knoxville Bonsai Society Brussels Bonsai Eisei-en Bonsai's YouTube video Sekka Hinoki from Simple Material Thank you to our episode sponsors: Espoma Organic For responsibly made, fabulous indoor and outdoor organic soils, fertilizers, pest control sprays, and more, visit espoma.com to find your local dealer or check out my Amazon storefront of my favorite Espoma products here. DeerBusters DeerBusters strives to protect the gardens of companies and individuals through high-quality wildlife fencing. Deer and wildlife can be the bane of any gardener's existence and Deer Busters makes installing deer fences, simple with their easy to install fencing kits that come in several different materials and sizes. No fancy hardware needed. Visit deerbusters.com today to protect your plants tomorrow and use code BLOOM at checkout for 10% off. Follow Bjorn: Website  Instagram  YouTube Follow Maria and Bloom and Grow Radio: Take the Bloom and Grow Plant Parent Personality Quiz (Get the perfect plants, projects and educational resources for YOUR Lifestyle) Support Bloom and Grow Radio by becoming a Plant Friend on Patreon! Instagram and Facebook: @BloomandGrowRadio Tiktok: @bloomandgrowradio Subscribe to the Bloom and Grow Youtube Show! /Bloomandgrowradio Website: www.bloomandgrowradio.com Join the (free) Garden Club: www.bloomandgrowradio.com/garden-club

CardioNerds (Amit Goyal & Daniel Ambinder) join Georgetown University/Washington Hospital Center cardiology fellows (Nitin Malik, AJ Grant, and Tsion Aberra) for some fresh Maryland blue crab cakes at the Georgetown waterfront in Washington, DC. They discuss a rare case of histoplasmosis pericarditis complicated by cardiac tamponade. Dr. Patrick Bering provides the E-CPR and program director Dr. Gaby Weissman provides a message for applicants. Johns Hopkins internal medicine resident Colin Blumenthal with mentorship from University of Maryland cardiology fellow Karan Desai.   Jump to: Patient summary - Case media - Case teaching - References Episode graphic by Dr. Carine Hamo The CardioNerds Cardiology Case Reports series shines light on the hidden curriculum of medical storytelling. We learn together while discussing fascinating cases in this fun, engaging, and educational format. Each episode ends with an “Expert CardioNerd Perspectives & Review” (E-CPR) for a nuanced teaching from a content expert. We truly believe that hearing about a patient is the singular theme that unifies everyone at every level, from the student to the professor emeritus. We are teaming up with the ACC FIT Section to use the #CNCR episodes to showcase CV education across the country in the era of virtual recruitment. As part of the recruitment series, each episode features fellows from a given program discussing and teaching about an interesting case as well as sharing what makes their hearts flutter about their fellowship training. The case discussion is followed by both an E-CPR segment and a message from the program director. CardioNerds Case Reports PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademySubscribe to our newsletter- The HeartbeatSupport our educational mission by becoming a Patron!Cardiology Programs Twitter Group created by Dr. Nosheen Reza Patient Summary Coming soon Case Media ABCDEClick to Enlarge A. Left: Admission chest x-ray (PA film), which was overall unremarkable. Right: Chest x-ray from hospital day 12 - which revealed pulmonary edema with bilateral perihilar haziness, increased prominence of pulmonary vascularity, and small-moderate bilateral pleural effusions. Note increased size of cardiac silhouette. At the corresponding time, pericardial effusion (without tamponade) had been diagnosed.B. EKG: Sinus tachycardia and low-voltage QRS complexes.C. CT abdomen/pelvis on hospital day 14. Free air noted within the abdomen (left). Moderate pericardial effusion also incidentally appreciated (right).D. Pulse-Wave Doppler of mitral inflow. Flow variation is present, but variation is less than

In this episode, Dr Thomas Craven discusses key points from a recent case report published in EHJ – Case Reports.

Connect with the Podcast:  Facebook: @texaswinepod  Instagram: @texaswinepod  Twitter: @texaswinepod  Email: texaswinepod@gmail.comHelp the Show:  Buy Shelly a Glass of Wine!  Subscribe to the newsletter to get the downloadable Texas wine quiz. Answers included. Are you a Texas wine expert?  Listen and Subscribe in Apple Podcasts  Listen and Subscribe in Google Podcasts  Listen via web browserMentioned in this EpisodeTexas Wine In the NewsTexasMonthly.com: Five Things You Didn’t Know About Texas WineTheBuyer.net: Why winemaking in Southwest USA is the new frontierForbes.com: 100% Texas Wine List Makes The Cabernet Grill A Unique DestinationCulture Map Dallas: New chef-driven restaurant in West Texas is sure to be worth the trekH-E-B & Houston Chronicle Wine Tasting November 19 Spirit of Texas 175th AnniversaryBending Branch Named Best in Herd Winery at San Antonio Stock Show and Rodeo Wine CompetitionNew York Times: The Wine World’s Most Elite Circle Has a Sexual Harassment ProblemDMagazine.com: Quiz: Which Kind of Texas Hill Country Wine Are You?Interview with Daniel Pate of Apical Texaswww.apicaltexas.comDaniel's txwinelover.com profileFollow Daniel on Instagram (@apicaltexas) for education on viticulture!What I’m Drinking2018 Dead Flowers Rosé by TexoirShelly’s Wine Education Website:www.toastwinetalk.comThanks to Texas Wine Lover for promotional help. For the latest information on Texas wineries and vineyards, visit Texas Wine Lover!

A limited run of Delta 8 products from Apical. High quality carts. Our Video: https://youtu.be/mylU-vKD-QE ICMYI - Dan Reviews Peach Juici (JUUL) Delta 8 Pods from 10 Dollar Cartridge https://open.spotify.com/episode/3B735TVWPLfIhaVFw2cnWR?si=NOsyURKeQGmEFW4MiY-MEA ICYMI - Dan Reviews Juicy Fruit from 10 Dollar Cartridge https://open.spotify.com/episode/2gsSwfy2XVioxwMrYlWSO8?si=k2PV2mMpRx6Di89qqXn6kA ICYMI - Dan Reviews Jack Herer Delta 8 Cartridge from 10 Dollar Cartridge https://open.spotify.com/episode/42SPlVj4DHA4UAHRb9oO1M?si=eX-8Px_SSU2hatP3fgC8iw ---------------------------------------- To Follow Mr. Sativa on Social Media: Twitter - https://twitter.com/icsativapod Periscope: https://www.pscp.tv/icsativapodcast Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/iamcannabissativa/ Please become a Patreon at just $1 a month - http://bit.ly/2NJmshn Please support us via PayPal - paypal.me/icsativapodcast If you want to support us via Anchor: https://anchor.fm/iamcannabissativapodcast/support My Twitch Channel - https://www.twitch.tv/iamcannabissativa My Weedtube Channel - https://www.theweedtube.com/user/iamcannabissativa My YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdMtiTbOFE3D39rpLfLglaw? Join our Discord Server: https://discord.gg/65tG2nR Get Great Quality CBD products from Sequoia Organics: https://www.sequoiaorganics.co/?a_aid=iamcannabissativa My Email: iamcannabissativa@gmail.com Like Our Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/iamcsativapodcast/ --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/iamcannabissativapodcast/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/iamcannabissativapodcast/support

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.08.15.252080v1?rss=1 Authors: Castanares, M. L. G., Stuart, G., Daria, V. R. Abstract: Dendritic spikes in layer 5 pyramidal neurons (L5PNs) play a major role in cortical computation. While dendritic spikes have been studied extensively in apical and basal dendrites of L5PNs, whether oblique dendrites, which ramify in the input layers of the cortex, also generate dendritic spikes is unknown. Here we report the existence of dendritic spikes in apical oblique dendrites of L5PNs. In silico investigations indicate that oblique branch spikes are triggered by brief, low-frequency action potential (AP) trains (~40 Hz) and are characterized by a fast sodium spike followed by activation of voltage-gated calcium channels. In vitro experiments confirmed the existence of oblique branch spikes in L5PNs during brief AP trains at frequencies of around 60 Hz. Oblique branch spikes offer new insights into branch-specific computation in L5PNs and may be critical for sensory processing in the input layers of the cortex. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

A mellowing strain after a long day’s work. Overall score 4.38/5. Source: https://apicalgreens.com/product/cherry-mom-19-8-cbd/ ICYMI - Dan Reviews Cherry Wine from Texas Hemp Company https://open.spotify.com/episode/1HPepB2aIAqrEOc6UMRVgy?si=c5XHarYZRyy3e0iCK6q0hQ ICYMI - Dan Reviews Sweet Wife from Texas Hemp Company https://open.spotify.com/episode/2Q3jqdMNkrBf4zSFZvbB6r?si=67rR3kE_Szu-tNwFBqByqw ICYMI - Dan Reviews Cherry Wine from Eight Horses Hemp https://open.spotify.com/episode/1kTNucs5pWhBCQewYd2nlh?si=-TBM51m4Q32dp4GjuK5JmQ ICYMI - Dan Reviews Limeade from Beleafer https://open.spotify.com/episode/7oLT6PgtWxsfMjSzsWjTak?si=OHv7KzxESUGIQiAFxwGPTg ---------------------------------------- To Follow Mr. Sativa on Social Media: Twitter - https://twitter.com/icsativapod Periscope: https://www.pscp.tv/icsativapodcast Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/iamcannabissativa/ Please become a Patreon at just $1 a month - http://bit.ly/2NJmshn Please support us via PayPal - paypal.me/icsativapodcast If you want to support us via Anchor: https://anchor.fm/iamcannabissativapodcast/support My Twitch Channel - https://www.twitch.tv/iamcannabissativa My Weedtube Channel - https://www.theweedtube.com/user/iamcannabissativa My YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdMtiTbOFE3D39rpLfLglaw? Join our Discord Server: https://discord.gg/65tG2nR Get Great Quality CBD products from Sequoia Organics: https://www.sequoiaorganics.co/?a_aid=iamcannabissativa My Email: iamcannabissativa@gmail.com Like Our Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/iamcsativapodcast/ --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/iamcannabissativapodcast/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/iamcannabissativapodcast/support

In this episode of the Build Hatch Podcast, we had the opportunity to hear from Callan Herron from Apical Engineering.   In this episode we talk about: Callan was raised in Dudley NSW, right on the coast. Callan's father is an electrician and encouraged him to look outside of trades for a career.  A self-defined ‘nerd', Callan was interested in mathematics from a young age.  Callan's first experience of engineering. Studying a double degree in Civil and Environmental Engineering. Working as a coal loader, and boilermaker all while studying full time. The pivot from environmental engineering to structural engineering. How connections Callan made at university led to him starting his own business. The importance of Mentors, in all aspects of the business. Word of mouth marketing is Callan's greatest and (almost) sole business generator. Callan has an obvious passion for connection and loves talking to people. Persona, relatability and honesty are Callan's biggest assets. Callan considers all options for the client prior to ‘getting the job' to achieve client satisfaction. Work-life-balance. Client budget considerations. Beekeeping, surfing, fishing and, of course, family is where Callan likes to spend his spare time. The support and encouragement of Callan's wife for Apical has kept him motivated. Benefits outweigh hardship. Callan's advice to those considering stepping out to start their own business. Hemp masonry explained. Sustainability and innovation are changing the construction industry.  Sit back and enjoy this entertaining interview with Callan Herron.  Links:  Apical Engineering   Build Hatch Podcast Soundtrack Title: “Ride It Like You Mean It”. Artist Name: Kristian Leo. Written By: Evert Zeevalkink.   Published by Soundstripe Productions. 

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.05.20.106526v1?rss=1 Authors: GERSTMANN, K., KINDBEITER, K., TELLEY, L., BOZON, M., CHAROY, C., JABAUDON, D., MORET, F., CASTELLANI, V. Abstract: In the embryonic brain, dynamic regulation of apical adhesion is fundamental to generate correct numbers and identity of precursors and neurons. Radial glial cells (RGC) in the cerebral cortex are tightly attached to adjacent neighbours. However, cells committed to differentiate reduce their adhesiveness to detach and settle at distal position from the apical border. Whether diffusible signals delivered from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contribute to the regulation of apical adhesion dynamics remain fully unknown. Here we report that unconventional pre-formed complexes of class3-Semaphorins (Sema) and Neuropilins (Nrp) are released into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from sources including the choroid plexus. Through analysis of mutant mouse models and various ex vivo assays, we propose that two different complexes, Sema3B/Nrp2 and Sema3F/Nrp1, bind to apical endfeet of RGCs, and exert dual regulation of their attachment, nuclei dynamic, that oppositely promotes or inhibits basal progenitor and neuron differentiation. This reveals unexpected contributions of CSF-delivered guidance molecules during cortical development. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Commentary by Drs. Julia Grapsa and Didem Oguz

-----Live do Instagram - Parte 2 - Patência, ODM, Instrumentação Cervical e Apical----- Evoluções na Endodontia, do Diagnóstico à Proservação. Com Prof. Ms. Vinícius Guimarães (@drviniciusguimaraes) Com profa. Ms. Flavia Vivaqua (@flaviadarius_vivacqua) -----Criador_do_Podcast----- Prof. Nilton Vivacqua Gomes • Especialista, Mestre e Doutor em Endodontia pela UNICAMP. • Professor dos Cursos de Aperfeiçoamento, Especialização e Imersão em Endodontia da ABO-CE (Coordenador) e FAMETRO-CE. • Professor-Coord. do Mestrado de Excelência em Endodontia da Faculdade SL Mandic-CE. • Professor de Endodontia do Mestrado em Clínica Odontológica da FACPP-CE • Professor Convidado dos Cursos de Aperfeiçoamento e Especialização do IOA-Balneário Camboriú-SC. ----------------------------------------- -----Cursos----- Clique nos Links abaixo para: Curso VIP: http://bit.ly/vivacquavip Aperf. e Imersões: http://bit.ly/aperfeic Especializações: http://bit.ly/especializ Materiais - Dentalbox Conceito (85) 98180-9804 ----------------------------------------- -----Apoio----- Você pode apoiar essa iniciativa, para incentivá-la a continuar indefinidamente. É só acessar www.apoia.se/ENDOdontoCast e escolher o valor com o qual deseja apoiar mensalmente. Vale até mesmo 1 real. Quanto maior o valor, maior o benefício. -----Apoiadores----- Categoria Diamante Nathalia Rabelo Daniele Miranda Carolina Galindo Wiliam Martins Categoria Ouro: Indyanara Chinaqui André Quiudini Igor Trindade Mônica Moura Carlos Henrique Resende Rafael Saulo Ana Paula Santos Gabriela Rodrigues Miguel Arcanjo Tomaz ----------------------------------------- -----Podcast_Apps----- Podcasts (Nativo), Overcast, Breaker (IOS), Google Podcasts (Android), Acast, Ivoox, Wecast, Castbox, Spotify, PocketCasts (IOS/Android). Instale o app e na aba busca e procure pelo ENDOdonto Cast. Inscreva-se clicando no botão destinado a isso. Selecione a config. p/ baixar novos episódios automaticamente. ----------------------------------------- -----Site_e_Contatos----- EndodontiaAvancada.com EndodontiaAvancada.com@gmail.com Canal no Telegram: http://bit.ly/VivacquaNews ----------------------------------------- -----Redes_Sociais----- Instagram/Facebook: NiltonVivacqua LinkedIn: Nilton Vivacqua Twitter: NiltonVivacqua e EndoAvancada* Página/Grupo do Facebook*: EndodontiaAvancada.com ----------------------------------------- -----Perguntas,_Críticas_e_Sugestões----- Envie-nos um e-mail, mensagem ou use a #ENDOdontoCast em uma das redes sociais com asterisco, logo acima. Válido apenas para o grupo do Facebook e Twitter! Sua mensagem pode ser lida nos próximos episódios. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/endodontiaavancada/message

First Hour: SOG & SCROG We’ll talk about how each is different. We’ll talk about the pros and cons (which could fall under the category of how they’re different) We can get granular with each method. SCROG - We can talk about improved density because of increased airflow - We can talk about the support it adds to the branches - Your plants typically stay in one place their entire life. This could be viewed as a pro/con. - Maintenance - Doesn’t allow Apical dominance SOG - Less time in a vegetative state - Buds typically are ready sooner, resulting in an extra crop per year (typically) - Allows Apical dominance Signup for the CHG Newsletter https://cheaphomegrow.com/email --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/cheaphomegrow/support

Sharon reads from apical dominance to Apoc. The word of the episode is "aplomb". dictionarypod@gmail.com https://www.facebook.com/thedictionarypod/ https://twitter.com/dictionarypod https://www.patreon.com/spejampar 917-727-5757

I read from aphasia to apical. The word of the episode is "aphasia". Turns out the Latin word for "bee" is "apis". dictionarypod@gmail.com https://www.facebook.com/thedictionarypod/ https://twitter.com/dictionarypod https://www.patreon.com/spejampar 917-727-5757

Cosa succede quando mesializziamo di 1 cm il sesto inferiore? Abbiamo perdita di osso alveolare? E per quanto riguarda il riassorbimento radicolare apicale esterno?Ne parlo oggi prendendo due articoli pubblicati a distanza di 3 anni sullo stesso campione (retrospettivo, split mouth) da parte degli stessi Autori.Per iscriverti alla mailing list:https://ortodonziapodcast.com***PRIMO ARTICOLO:Nicolas Göllner, Jonas Winkler, Peter Göllner & Nikolaos GkantidisEffect of mandibular first molar mesialization on alveolar bone height: a split mouth studyProgress in Orthodontics volume 20, Article number: 22 (2019)LINK:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-019-0275-z***SECONDO ARTICOLO:Winkler, Jonas et al.Apical root resorption due to mandibular first molar mesialization: A split-mouth studyAmerican Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 151, Issue 4, 708 - 717LINK:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.12.005****AUTORE DELLA PUNTATA:Dr. Tito Mattia Bordinohttps://ortodonziapodcast.com

Cosa succede quando mesializziamo di 1 cm il sesto inferiore? Abbiamo perdita di osso alveolare? E per quanto riguarda il riassorbimento radicolare apicale esterno?Ne parlo oggi prendendo due articoli pubblicati a distanza di 3 anni sullo stesso campione (retrospettivo, split mouth) da parte degli stessi Autori.Per iscriverti alla mailing list:https://ortodonziapodcast.com***PRIMO ARTICOLO:Nicolas Göllner, Jonas Winkler, Peter Göllner & Nikolaos GkantidisEffect of mandibular first molar mesialization on alveolar bone height: a split mouth studyProgress in Orthodontics volume 20, Article number: 22 (2019)LINK:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-019-0275-z***SECONDO ARTICOLO:Winkler, Jonas et al.Apical root resorption due to mandibular first molar mesialization: A split-mouth studyAmerican Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 151, Issue 4, 708 - 717LINK:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.12.005****AUTORE DELLA PUNTATA:Dr. Tito Mattia Bordinohttps://ortodonziapodcast.com

Today we talk with the co-founders of Apical Greens about the rapidly growing medicinal hemp flower market. Wade and Chris are on a quest to curate the best strains of high CBD hemp and bring them to the people. Thanks to the legal status of CBD flowers, customers all across the US and can experience this growing segment of the industry. Show Notes  Connect with: Wade and Chris: Website Todd Hines: Website // LinkedIn  

Apical Greens is a leading online retailer of smokable hemp flower based in Pullman, West Virginia.  Founders Wade and Chris came into hemp from very similar experiences that revealed the healing qualities of the hemp plant and were hooked.  As the 2018 Farm Bill was on the verge of passing these serial entrepreneurs started Apical Greens and remain committed to providing organic products that mirror their belief in healthy living. Launching an online retail business is not without its challenges and both Wade and Chris offer insight into some of the obstacles that they've encountered in this budding industry.    Please like, share, and subscribe to The Hemp Entrepreneur Podcast! We are your weekly source of hemp industry enlightenment and we look forward to bringing you more stories of hemp entrepreneurs like Wade and Chris. Resources: www.apicalgreens.com www.ketsamusic.com    

-----Criador_do_Podcast----- Prof. Nilton Vivacqua Gomes • Especialista, Mestre e Doutor em Endodontia pela UNICAMP. • Professor-Coord. dos Cursos de Aperfeiçoamento, Especialização e Imersão em Endodontia da ABO-CE e ELEVA-CE. • Professor-Coord. do Mestrado de Excelência em Endodontia da Faculdade SL Mandic – Fortaleza-CE. • Professor Convidado dos Cursos de Aperfeiçoamento e Especialização do IOA-Balneário Camboriú-SC. --------------------------------------------------------------- -----Cursos----- Clique nos Links abaixo para: Aperf. e Imersões: goo.gl/TEgyfW Especializações: goo.gl/vkLWuE Dentalbox Conceito (85) 98180-9804 --------------------------------------------------------------- -----Apoio----- Você pode apoiar essa iniciativa para incentivá-la a continuar indefinidamente. É só acessar www.apoia.se/ENDOdontoCast e escolher o valor c/ o qual deseja apoiar mensalmente. Vale até mesmo 1 real. Quanto maior o valor, maior o benefício. --Apoiadores-- Sandro Rodrigues Pinheiro --------------------------------------------------------------- -----Podcast_Apps----- Podcasts (Nativo), Overcast, Breaker (IOS), Google Podcasts (Android), Wecast, Acast, Castbox, Ivoox, Spotify, PocketCasts (IOS/Android). Instale o app e na aba busca e procure pelo ENDOdonto Cast. Inscreva-se clicando no botão destinado a isso. Selecione a config. p/ baixar novos episódios automaticamente. --------------------------------------------------------------- -----Referências_Científicas----- - Microscopic investigation of root apexes. Kuttler Y. J Am Dent Assoc. May;50(5):544-52, 1955. - A critical evaluation of some methods of determining tooth length. Bramante CM et al. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1974. - The position and topography of the apical canal constriction and the apical foramen. Dummer et al. Int. Endod J. 1984. - Morphological and radiographic study of the apical foramen in distal roots of mandibular molars. Part I. The location of the apical foramen on various root aspects. Tamse et al. Int. Endod J. 1988. - Morphology of the Physiological Foramen: I. Maxillary and Mandibular Molars. Marroquın et al. J Endod 2004. - Ex vivo comparison of two electronic apex locators with different scales and frequencies Hor et al. Int. Endod J. 2005. - Análise in vitro da distância do forame apical ao extremo radiográfico de dentes anteriores. Soares et al. Arquivos em Odontologia Belo Horizonte v. 41, n. 3, 2005. - Posição do forame apical e sua relação com o calibre do instrumento foraminal. Souza et al. Dental Press Endod. apr-june;1(1):64-8. 2011. - Apical constriction: Location and dimension in molars - a micro computed tomography study. ElAyouti et al. J Endod. Aug; 40(8):1095-9, 2014. --------------------------------------------------------------- -----Site_e_Contatos----- EndodontiaAvancada.com EndodontiaAvancada.com@gmail.com EndodontiaAvancada.com@hotmail.com --------------------------------------------------------------- -----Redes_Sociais----- Instagram: Nilton Vivacqua LinkedIn: Nilton Vivacqua Twitter: NiltonVivacqua e EndoAvancada* Facebook: Nilton Vivacqua e Endodontia Avançada Página do Facebook: EndodontiaAvancada.com Grupo do Facebook: EndodontiaAvancada.com* --------------------------------------------------------------- -----Perguntas,_Críticas_e_Sugestões----- Envie-nos um e-mail ou use a #ENDOdontoCast em uma das redes sociais com asterisco, logo acima. Válido apenas para o grupo do Facebook e Twitter! Sua mensagem pode ser lida nos próximos episódios. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/endodontiaavancada/message

Commentary by Dr. Valentin Fuster

Carlos Aznar Portoles is an Endodontist in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. He is certified to practice endodontics in three different languages. Apart from being an outstanding endodontist, Carlos is known for his drive to achieve excellence in endodontic surgery. In this podcast we explore all facets of this exciting aspect of our specialty.

Helicobacter pylori strains that express the a protein that increases the risk of gastric cancer. However, the precise mechanisms through which the cancer risk is heightened have not been fully investigated and understood. In this podcast Dr Mairi McLean talks to Dr Lydia Wroblewski from the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine about the study her group conducted to define mechanisms through which H. pylori modulates expression of the cancer-associated tight junction protein claudin-7. To read the full paper please visit http://gut.bmj.com/content/64/5/720.full

In this episode of The FlightBridgeED Podcast, terror from the deep rises from the blackest abyss to wrap its tentacles around an innocent woman who has lost everything. The flight crew struggles to comprehend the twisted and strange horror, but presses on in search of escape. Join us to discover the ending and what happens to our suffering victim. - A Nightmare Series Podcast -

PRAC014 Auxinas: Dominancia Apical. Asignatura: Fisiología Vegetal. Grado en Biotecnología. Profesora: María Serrano Mula. Dpto. de Biología Aplicada. Área de Fisiología Vegetal. Proyecto PLE 2013. Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche. Se muestra la participación de las auxinas, sintetizadas en el ápice de la planta, en el fenómeno de la dominancia apical.

In this episode of The FlightBridgeED Podcast, terror from the deep rises from the blackest abyss to wrap its tentacles around an innocent woman who has lost everything. The flight crew struggles to comprehend the twisted and strange horror, but presses on in search of escape. Join us to discover the ending and what happens to our suffering victim. - A Nightmare Series Podcast -See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Interview with Matthew D. Barber, MD, MHS, author of Comparison of 2 Transvaginal Surgical Approaches and Perioperative Behavioral Therapy for Apical Vaginal Prolapse

In the present work, efferent ductules and epididymal duct from male foetuses as well as from sexually mature bulls were investigated using conventional light and electron microscopical techniques as well as glycohistochemical and immunohistochemical staining techniques. The prenatal development of the bovine epididymis was studied in foetuses ranging from 10 cm CRL (75 pcd) to 90 cm CRL (285 pcd). In foetuses with 10 cm CRL (75 pcd) the main event was the establishment of the urogenital junction between the extratesticular rete testis and mesonephric duct via the growing efferent ductules. At the foetal age of 110 pcd (24 cm CRL), efferent ductules underwent a strong coiling. At the same time the mesonephric duct began to lengthen and coil, forming three distinct regions, namely caput, corpus and cauda epididymidis. The coiling was much more distinct in caput and cauda than in corpus epididymidis. At 130 pcd (30 cm CRL) and upwards efferent ductules were organized in lobules which are then arranged in groups separated from each other by connective tissue septa. A similar organization involved the highly convoluted epididymal duct, particularly in the head and tail regions. In addition to the macroscopical modifications in the morphology of extratesticular excurrent duct system, histological differentiation involved both the tubular epithelium and the peritubular mesenchymal cells. The epithelium of efferent ductules was differentiated into ciliated and nonciliated columnar epithelium. The simple epithelium of the epididymal duct increased in height and developed stereocilia on its apical surface. Distribution of WGA-, PNA- and GSA-I-binding sites on luminal surface of the epithelium of efferent ductules, but not of epididymal duct may indicate earlier differentiation of the former. WGA-binding to the peritubular and interstitial mesenchymal cells, but not to the epididymal epithelium indicated that the mesenchymal structures differentiate before epithelial ones. S-100, FGF-1, FGF-2, ACE, laminin and GT were immunolocalized in the epithelium both of efferent ductules and epididymal duct as early as at 75 pcd (10 cm CRL). Also ?-SMA was immunolocalized in the peritubular mesenchymal cells at 75 pcd (efferent ductules) and at 95 pcd (epididymal duct, CRL 18 cm). The epithelium of the adult bovine efferent ductules is simple columnar including ciliated and nonciliated cells as well as some scattered intraepithelial leucocytes. On the basis of their cytological characteristics, nonciliated cells could be categorized into three sub-types. The epididymal duct of the adult bull is lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium. It consists mainly of tall, slender, stereocilia-bearing columnar cells and small basal cells. On the basis of several morphometric parameters like epithelial height, luminal diameter and width of peritubular muscle coat the epididymal duct could be subdivided into six segments. Ultrastructural studies revealed a well developed Golgi apparatus, numerous profiles of sparsely granulated endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria as well as rER in the cytoplasm of principal cells particularly in those of the first three segments. Apical surfaces of principal cells particularly those of the proximal segments were equipped with long stereocilia and their apical cell membrane and cytoplasm displayed a well developed endocytotic apparatus. The narrow basal extensions of principal cells were crowded with numerous pleomorphic mitochondria, lysosomes, heteromorphic electron dense granules and residual bodies. Basal cells were insinuated between the narrow basal extensions of principal cells and the basal lamina. They possessed kidney-shaped, mostly deeply-invaginated nuclei and were characterized by a paucity of organelles. Apical mitochondria-rich cells were frequently found in segments II and III and rarely in segments IV and V. Their hyaloplasm was lighter than that of the neighbouring principal cells and their apical surfaces were provided with short microvilli. Apart from a reasonable number of mitochondria, small Golgi apparatus and sporadic strands of rER, they displayed a paucity of organelles. Intraepithelial macrophages were occasionally encountered in the basal third of the epithelium. They possessed many mitochondria, well developed Golgi apparatus and rER as well as small heterochromatic nuclei. Various profiles of lysosomes and dark residual bodies were found in their cytoplasm. Intraepithelial lymphocytes were characterized by their heterochromatic, round and mostly indented nuclei and narrow peripheral cytoplasmic rim. They were often encountered in immediate proximity to subepithelial capillaries. Fluoresceinisothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled lectins (GSA-I, PNA, ECA, WGA, Con A, LCA, PSA, DBA, HPA, SBA, VVA, LTA and UEA-I) were also used for the study of the regional distribution of saccharide groups in adult bovine epididymal tissues. WGA, Con A, LCA, PSA, DBA and HPA bound distinctly to stereocilia of principal cells in the different segments. However, DBA- and HPA-binding sites were confined to stereocilia in caput region. WGA, LCA, PSA, DBA and HPA possessed distinct binding sites in Golgi zone of principal cells, mostly of the caput epididymidis. Basal cells reacted distinctly with WGA, Con A, LCA, PSA and HPA. Intraepithelial leucocytes displayed moderate binding sites for PNA, WGA, LCA and PSA. The basal membrane reacted moderately only with WGA. Epididymal connective tissue showed weak to moderate binding only with ECA and WGA. GSA-I bound distinctly to vascular endothelium and could be applied as a good marker for bovine endothelium. Sperm cell mass bound WGA and PNA distinctly. No binding sites could be found for VVA, LTA or UEA-I. Immunohistochemical studies used the Avidin-Biotin-peroxidase Complex (ABC) method for localization of S-100, FGF-1, FGF-2, ACE, GT, VEGF, ?-SMA, laminin, connexin 43, CD4, CD8 and CD68 in the epididymis. The epithelium of the efferent ductules showed intense immunoreaction for S-100, FGF-1 and FGF-2 and a moderate immunostaining for ACE and GT. Principal cells of the first three epididymal segments exhibited a distinct immunostaining for S-100. They also showed a distinct immunoreactivity for FGF-1 throughout the different segments. Principal cells in the first, second and sixth segment displayed intense immunostaining for ACE. Immunostaining for GT in Golgi zone of the principal cells was intense (segments II and III), distinct (segments IV and V) and moderate (segments I and VI). Basal cells showed moderate (FGF-1) or intense (FGF-2) immunostaining in different epididymal segments. Intense immunostaining for ACE, laminin and ?-SMA was found respectively in the endothelium, endothelial basal lamina and smooth muscle cells of blood vessels. The basal lamina of the epithelium and the peritubular smooth muscle cells displayed a moderate immunoreactivity for laminin. The peritubular smooth muscle cells manifested an intense immunostaining for ?-SMA. CD4+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages were found within the epithelium and in the interstitium. Mast cells were conventionally stained with Alcian blue and Toluidin blue. They also displayed a distinct immunostaining for VEGF and FGF-2. In conclusion, my study supports the previously proposed 6-segment scheme of bovine epididymis. Moreover, lectin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry were not only helpful tools in emphasising this scheme but also in correlating specific functional activities to certain regions. Lectins- and GT-binding sites as well as ultrastructural characteristics point to high synthetic and secretory activities of principal cells in the first three segments, as indicated by the well developed Golgi apparatus. Ultrastructurally, principal cells of the proximal three epididymal segments displayed a well developed endocytotic apparatus. This was reinforced by intense immunostaining for ACE in this region, which reflects extensive absorptive activities in this region. Existence of mast cells in the epididymal interstitium and T-lympho-cytes and macrophages in the interstitium and within the epithelium may reflect their harmonized co-operation in the induction of immune tolerance in the bovine epididymis.

Background/Aims The apical sodium dependent bile acid transporter ASBT (SLC10A2) contributes substantially to the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids by their reabsorption from the intestine. In the rat, its adaptive regulation was observed in the kidneys, cholangiocytes and terminal ileum after bile duct ligation. Whether an adaptive regulation of the human intestinal ASBT exists during obstructive cholestasis is not known. Methods Human ASBT mRNA expression along the intestinal tract was analyzed by real time PCR in biopsies of 14 control subjects undergoing both gastroscopy and colonoscopy. Their duodenal ASBT mRNA expression was compared to 20 patients with obstructive cholestasis. Additionally, in 4 patients with obstructive cholestasis, duodenal ASBT mRNA expression was measured after reconstitution of bile flow. Results Normalized ASBT expression in control subjects was highest (mean arbitrary units± SEM) in the terminal ileum 1010 ± 330. Low ASBT expression was found in the colonic segments (8.3±5, 4.9±0.9, 4.8±1.7 and 1.1±0.2, ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon, respectively). Duodenal ASBT expression of control subjects was found with 171.8±20.3 at about four fold higher levels when compared to 37.9±6.5 (p