Podcasts about How It Ends

Greg answers questions about whether the second law of thermodynamics is a good argument against evolution, pebbles to put in the shoe of a progressive Christian, whether he's getting the Bible and science wrong, and how to explain the credibility of the resurrection.   Topics: Why is the second law of thermodynamics not a good argument against evolution? (05:00) How can I gently put pebbles in the shoe of a progressive-Christian friend who's open to having conversations but who mocks historic Christianity? (22:00) You're getting the Bible and science wrong when you say God created everything out of nothing. (41:00) How would you explain the credibility of the resurrection to someone? (50:00) Mentioned on the Show:  STR Outposts Another Gospel?: A Lifelong Christian Seeks Truth in Response to Progressive Christianity by Alisa Childers The Deconstruction of Christianity: What It Is, Why It's Destructive, and How to Respond by Alisa Childers and Tim Barnett The Story of Reality: How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important that Happens in Between by Greg Koukl The Case for the Resurrection of Jesus by Gary Habermas and Michael Licona Related Links: The Legend of the Social Justice Jesus by Greg Koukl Can We Trust the Gospels? by Peter J. Williams

Greg talks about the House of David series, then he answers questions about why someone should read the Bible rather than the Quran or the Book of Mormon, how God stirs our hearts to do things, and whether or not one category of the Old Testament Law still applies to us.   Topics: Commentary: Thoughts on the House of David series (00:00) Why should I read the Bible rather than the Quran or the Book of Mormon? (20:00) How does God stir our hearts to do things? (36:00) What do you think of the idea that we can divide the Old Testament Law into three categories—judicial levitical, and moral—and the moral regulations still apply? (47:00) Mentioned on the Show:  Reality Student Apologetics Conference – April 25–26 in Dayton, OH House of David – Series on Prime The Story of Reality: How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important that Happens in Between by Greg Koukl Does God Whisper? Part 1, Part 2, Part 3 by Greg Koukl Related Links: Where Did These Minimal Facts about the Resurrection Come From? by Amy Hall (quoting Gary Habermas) How Does the Old Testament Law Apply to Christians Today? by Greg Koukl Why We're Not Under the Mosaic Law by Amy Hall Should Followers of Christ Observe the Torah? by Amy Hall The Law Is Good by Amy Hall

Victor DeLorenzo makes his third PCH appearance to talk about the new Night Crickets record How It Ends, writing and acting in his new film Mary For The Block, the first two Violent Femmes records and tons more. Plus a bonus appearance from Janet Schiff of NINETEEN THIRTEEN!VICTOR DELORENZOhttps://ffm.to/nchiends.oishttps://www.instagram.com/nightcricketsofficialhttps://www.instagram.com/vjdhttp://www.nineteenthirteen.comhttps://nineteenthirteen.bandcamp.comPCHInstagram - www.instagram.com/powerchordhourTwitter - www.twitter.com/powerchordhourFacebook - www.facebook.com/powerchordhourYoutube - www.youtube.com/channel/UC6jTfzjB3-mzmWM-51c8LggSpotify Episode Playlists - https://open.spotify.com/user/kzavhk5ghelpnthfby9o41gnr?si=4WvOdgAmSsKoswf_HTh_MgDonate to help show costs -https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/pchanthonyhttps://cash.app/$anthmerchpowerchordhour@gmail.comCheck out the Power Chord Hour radio show every Friday night at 8 to 11 est/Tuesday Midnight to 3 est on 107.9 WRFA in Jamestown, NY. Stream the station online at wrfalp.com/streaming/ or listen on the WRFA app.Special Thanks to my buddy Jay Vics for the behind the scenes help on this episode!https://www.meettheexpertspodcast.comhttps://www.jvimobile.com

Greg talks about the notion of entailment, then he talks to callers about how to respond to someone who says Christianity took ideas from older religions, whether or not there are still descendants of Abraham, and how to respond to someone who says God is transgender.   Topics: Commentary: You need to understand the notion of entailment. (00:00) How would you answer people who say Christianity isn't original, that it took ideas from other religions, and that other religions are older? (18:00) Are there still descendants of Abraham? (37:00) How would you respond to the claim that God is transgender? (50:00)   Mentioned on the Show:  The Story of Reality: How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important that Happens in Between by Greg Koukl Reality Student Apologetics Conference – October 18–19 in Seattle, WA; November 8–9 in Minneapolis, MN; February 21–22, 2025 in Dallas, TX; March 21–22, 2025 in Philadelphia, PA   Related Links: Jesus, Recycled Redeemer? by Greg Koukl

This week, on LaunchLeft, Rain is joined by Sharon Van Etten. In this episode Sharon talks with Rain about how she got into music and what inspires her to write. We hear about Van Etten’s latest single Every Time the Sun Comes Up, and her happiness with finding a band that excites and moves her musically.  Sharon then introduces Maxim Ludwig to the conversation and we learn about his new music, how they met, and some of their great stories, insights, and revelations about art, touring, and friendship. The episode closes with Maxim’s song Baby, I Wanna Be Your Lover Tonight.  -----------------  LAUNCHLEFT OFFICIAL WEBSITEhttps://www.launchleft.com  LAUNCHLEFT PATREON https://www.patreon.com/LaunchLeft  TWITTER https://twitter.com/LaunchLeft  INSTAGRAM https://www.instagram.com/launchleft/  FACEBOOK https://www.facebook.com/LaunchLeft  --------------------- IN THIS EPISODE:  [1:17] Where does Sharon draw inspiration creatively?  [5:32] Sharon discusses her newly released single Every Time the Sun Comes Up. [7:56] Did Sharon ever envision being a musician? [14:18] Does Sharon prefer playing in the studio or live? [18:12] When was the first time Sharon really felt connected to music? [24:40] Maxim joins the show and Sharon share’s how they met. [37:03] How do music and visual art tie in together for Maxim?  [40:39] What are everyone's thoughts on backing tracks? [48:40] How long has Sharon been following Maxim?  [51:04] How did Maxim pick out the guitar for Sharon?  [56:44] Why is live music so amazing?  [1:00:20] Maxim introduces his song Baby, I Wanna Be Your Lover Tonight.   KEY TAKEAWAYS:  Take your time with your music, the pieces will fall into place when it's meant to be. Sharon is just now feeling like she has her band together after years and years of being a musician.  Find like minded people and mentors to help you get started. Maxim started by helping Sharon, but learned so much and has been able to make his own music.  There is nothing quite like the energy connection between audience and performer.    RESOURCE LINKS:  LaunchLeft Podcast Smart Link Links for Sharon Van Etten: Sharon Van Etten's Website  Sharon Van Etten's X   Sharon Van Etten's Instagram  Sharon Van Etten's Facebook  Sharon Van Etten's YouTube  Sharon Van Etten's TikTok Links for Maxim Ludwig: Maxim Ludwig's Instagram  Maxim Ludwig's YouTube    BIOGRAPHIES:  Sharon Van Etten is an artist and recognized as one of the most influential and iconic songwriters of our time. She released her sixth full-length album, We’ve Been Going About This All Wrong, this past May. Leading into its release, Pitchfork profiled Van Etten stating, “Sharon Van Etten Is an Institution Now,” while Rolling Stone called her “one of the most fearless, soul-shredding songwriters on the planet.” Van Etten made her return to The Late Show with Stephen Colbert in support of the new album and took the “soul-strengthening” (New Yorker) Wild Hearts Tour with Angel Olsen and Julien Baker all over the country. In support of Van Etten’s 2019 release, Remind Me Tomorrow, she was profiled in The New York Times’ Arts & Leisure section and the album was featured prominently in best of 2019 lists by NPR Music, Billboard, Fresh Air, Rolling Stone, Pitchfork, ESQUIRE, The New Yorker and more. Van Etten has collaborated with artists ranging from Courtney Barnett and Joshua Homme to Norah Jones and Angel Olsen, and been covered by artists including Fiona Apple, Lucinda Williams, Big Red Machine and Idles. She has performed on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, Jimmy Kimmel Live!, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, Austin City Limits TV and The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon. Van Etten was a guest star in the Netflix series The OA and guest starred in Eliza Hittman’s “Never, Rarely, Sometimes, Always.” She performed in David Lynch’s revival of Twin Peaks. Off-screen, she wrote her first score for Katherine Dieckmann’s movie Strange Weather and the closing title song for Tig Notaro’s show, Tig. Most recently, she appeared in “How It Ends,” which also featured two songs by Van Etten.

Greg talks about his New Zealand trip then answers questions about whether the creation of new fruits by farmers is an example of evolution, the definition of holiness, the definition of knowledge, and whether Mormonism is to Christianity as Christianity is to Judaism.   Topics: Commentary: Greg's trip to New Zealand (00:00) When farmers create new kinds of fruit, isn't that evolution? (14:00) What's the definition of holiness? (25:00) What's the distinction between knowledge and wisdom? (36:00) How would you respond to the claim that “Mormonism is to Christianity as Christianity is to Judaism”? (49:00) Download the mp3...   Mentioned on the Show:  Reality Student Apologetics Conference – September 13–14 in Los Angeles, CA; October 18–19 in Seattle, WA; November 8–9 in Minneapolis, MN; February 21–22, 2025 in Dallas, TX; March 21–22, 2025 in Philadelphia, PA Upcoming events with Stand to Reason speakers STR U Online Training When Culture Hates You: Persevering for the Common Good as Christians in a Hostile Public Square by Natasha Crain STR Outposts The Story of Reality: How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important that Happens in Between by Greg Koukl Is Mormonism Just Another Christian Denomination? by Greg Koukl

It was only a matter of time before we got stranded on an island. Best Friend Force Deputy Riley Westling joins the show this week, for an episode that's got all the fixin's. Sand! Booty! Popsicles?! In the words of Jeff Probst, you've gotta dig deep... Follow Riley on Instagram and TikTok @rileywestling. Listen to "How It Ends" by Proud Father https://ffm.to/pfhowitends One of Us is hosted and produced by Chris Renfro and Fin Argus. It's executive produced by Myrriah Gossett for Gossett Productions and Erica Getto for Kinehora Productions. Myrriah Gossett is our sound designer, and our theme music is produced by Fin Argus and Brendan Chamberlain-Simon. You can follow One Of Us on Instagram and TikTok at @oneofus.pod Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Greg talks about how some questions about how to reach people are just hard to figure out, then he answers questions about who created God, using apologetics with someone who is mentally ill and hostile towards Christianity, and the best way to do corporate prayer.   Topics: Commentary: There's no silver bullet. (00:00)  If the universe had to have a cause, then who created God? (17:00) How do you recommend using apologetics with someone who is mentally ill and hostile towards Christianity? (37:00) Do you have any thoughts on the best way to do corporate prayer so that it's more effective and joyful? (48:00) Mentioned on the Show:  Become a Strategic Partner Street Smarts: Using Questions to Answer Christianity's Toughest Challenges by Greg Koukl The Story of Reality: How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important that Happens in Between by Greg Koukl Related Links: Who Created God? by Amy Hall A Simple Explanation of the Cosmological Argument by Amy Hall Why You Shouldn't Lose Heart When Prayer Is Difficult by Amy Hall (quoting John Newton) Prayer Begins with Hope in God by Amy Hall

Welcome to the final week of our sermon series on the Tribulation...according to Jesus. We're sad to see this one go, but so excited to start our next series about #Heaven, so be sure to subscribe so that you know when the next episode drops!We are so thankful for all the support so far in this step into the world of podcasting, and for the opportunity to reach more people in our community...and beyond...with the truth and power of the gospel.We wholeheartedly believe we are living in a time where being a part of a faith-filled community and close to Jesus is more important than it's ever been (even though it's ALWAYS been important), and we hope you find that community, either with us, or with another body of believers in a local church.Hosted by Ausha. See ausha.co/privacy-policy for more information.

Welcome to week seven in our sermon series on the Tribulation...according to Jesus. We're also one week away from wrapping up this incredible and eye-opening series, and moving on to whatever is next, so be sure to subscribe so that you know when the next episode drops!We are so thankful for all the support so far in this new venture, and for the opportunity to reach more people in our community...and beyond...with the truth and power of the gospel.We wholeheartedly believe we are living in a time where being a part of a faith-filled community and close to Jesus is more important than it's ever been (even though it's ALWAYS been important), and we hope you find that community, either with us, or with another body of believers in a local church.Hosted by Ausha. See ausha.co/privacy-policy for more information.

Welcome to week six our sermon series on the Tribulation...according to Jesus. This is also our second week of weekly releases, so be sure to subscribe so that you know when the next episode drops!We are so thankful for all the support so far in this new venture, and for the opportunity to reach more people in our community and beyond with the truth and power of the gospel.We truly believe we are living in a time where being a part of a faith-filled community and close to Jesus is more important than it's ever been (even though it's ALWAYS been important), and we hope you find that community, either with us, or with another body of believers in a local church.Hosted by Ausha. See ausha.co/privacy-policy for more information.

Here we are with week five Iof our sermon series on the Tribulation according to Jesus, and the FIRST weekly release of our brand new PODCAST! Future Sunday messages will be released at this same time every Tuesday, so be sure to subscribe to remind you when the next episode drops!We are so thankful for all the support so far in this new venture, and for the opportunity to reach more people in our community and beyond with the truth and power of the gospel.We truly believe we are living in a time where being a part of a faith-filled community and close to Jesus is more important than it's ever been (even though it's ALWAYS been important), and we hope you find that community, either with us, or with another body of believers in a local church.Hosted by Ausha. See ausha.co/privacy-policy for more information.

Week one of a new sermon series on the Tribulation according to Jesus, but also week one of us launching our brand new PODCAST! We are so excited for this new adventure and for the opportunity to reach more people in our community and beyond with the truth and power of the gospel. We truly believe we are living in a time where being a part of a community and close to Jesus is more important than it's ever been (even though it's ALWAYS been important), and we hope you find that community, either with us, or with another body of believers in a local church. Hosted by Ausha. See ausha.co/privacy-policy for more information.

Week two of our new sermon series on the Tribulation according to Jesus, but still week one of us launching our brand new PODCAST! (We are going to post all four weeks of this series so far, and then we'll start with the weekly release model on week five of "How It Ends")We are so excited for this new adventure and for the opportunity to reach more people in our community and beyond with the truth and power of the gospel.We truly believe we are living in a time where being a part of a faith-filled community and close to Jesus is more important than it's ever been (even though it's ALWAYS been important), and we hope you find that community, either with us, or with another body of believers in a local church.Hosted by Ausha. See ausha.co/privacy-policy for more information.

Week three of our sermon series on the Tribulation according to Jesus, but again still week one of us launching our brand new PODCAST!We are so excited for this new adventure and for the opportunity to reach more people in our community and beyond with the truth and power of the gospel. Please like, share, and subscribe, so that we can spread the Word as far as we can!We truly believe we are living in a time where being a part of a community and close to Jesus is more important than it's ever been (even though it's ALWAYS been important), and we hope you find that community, either with us, or with another body of believers in a local church.Hosted by Ausha. See ausha.co/privacy-policy for more information.

Singer-songwriter Charlotte Lawrence took some time away from opening up for Madison Beer's tour to catch up with McCabe and Jenny from The Afternoon Mix. Also an actress, Lawrence talked about her upcoming role in the Apple TV+ series “Bad Monkey” (also starring Vince Vaughn), how she spends her downtime in Chicago, and her love for Lana Del Rey. Plus, she was brave enough to reach into the Box Of Possibly Unfortunate Questions (spooky!). You can listen to her brand new single "How It Ends," out everywhere now. Hear McCabe and Jenny talk about all this and more with Charlotte Lawrence on The Mix New Music Club Podcast!Follow Jenny: Jenny's InstaFollow McCabe: McCabe's InstaFollow The Mix: The MixstagramStream The Mix: Listen Live Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoicesSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Singer-songwriter Charlotte Lawrence took some time away from opening up for Madison Beer's tour to catch up with McCabe and Jenny from The Afternoon Mix. Also an actress, Lawrence talked about her upcoming role in the Apple TV+ series “Bad Monkey” (also starring Vince Vaughn), how she spends her downtime in Chicago, and her love for Lana Del Rey. Plus, she was brave enough to reach into the Box Of Possibly Unfortunate Questions (spooky!). You can listen to her brand new single "How It Ends," out everywhere now. Hear McCabe and Jenny talk about all this and more with Charlotte Lawrence on The Mix New Music Club Podcast! Follow Jenny: Jenny's Insta Follow McCabe: McCabe's Insta Follow The Mix: The Mixstagram Stream The Mix: Listen Live Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Greg discusses what the Bible says about penal substitutionary atonement, then he answers questions about what to do if your pastor secretly holds to pro-LGBTQ theology and why God no longer gives direct messages to people like he did in the Old Testament.   Topics: Commentary: When it comes to the atonement, people do not take the blood seriously. (05:00) If you find out your pastor secretly holds to pro-LGBTQ theology, should you expose him to the church or leave quietly? (23:00) Do you think people in the Old Testament got direct messages from God (through the prophets, etc.), and if so, why has this changed now? Has the Bible replaced the old means of communication? (47:00) Mentioned on the Show:  STR U Online Training The Story of Reality: How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important that Happens in Between by Greg Koukl The Fellowship: The Literary Lives of the Inklings: J.R.R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, Owen Barfield, Charles Williams by Philip and Carol Zaleski Related Links: Gay or Straight, We All Must Decide if We Love Jesus above All Else by Amy Hall Be Willing to Submit to Our Good God on the Issue of Homosexuality by Amy Hall

Zoe Lister Jones (creator, Slip; writer/director, How It Ends, The Craft: Legacy) discusses writing, directing, and acting, putting herself into every project, when to be precious, remaining true to her voice, and more.THE WRITERS PANEL IS A COMPLETELY INDEPENDENT PRODUCTION.Follow and support the show by subscribing to Ben Blacker's newsletter, Re:Writing, where you'll also get weekly advice from the thousands of writers he's interviewed over the years, as well as access to exclusive live Q&As, meet-ups, and more: benblacker.substack.comSOCIALS:Bluesky: bsky.app/profile/benblacker.bsky.socialTwitter: twitter.com/benBlacker Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

How do you use questions to answer the hardest challenges to Christian faith? When we have spiritual conversations we need to be prepared to be gardeners and harvesters. Both are critical skills to develop for the disciple of Jesus. Greg Koukl is a master gardener. Jonathan interviews Greg Koukl on his newest book Street Smarts: Using Questions to Answer Christianity's Toughest Challenges. Greg is back on the podcast as a follow up to his book Tactics: A Game Plan for Discussing Your Christian Convictions to helps Christians better engage in productive conversations and to handle tough challenges in a straight-forward and a user friendly way, providing practical tools to have spiritual conversations. Greg Koukl is the Founder and President of Stand to Reason, and the host of the Stand to Reason talk show advocating clear-thinking Christianity and defending the Christian worldview. He's the author of several books including the excellent Tactics: A Game Plan for Discussing Your Christian Convictions and his new book The Story of Reality: How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important that Happens in Between. Check out Greg and his team online at STR.org.Listen to previous interviews with Greg Koukl:Building a Game Plan for Talking About Your Faith with Greg KouklWhat is the Story of Reality with Greg Koukl

The Supermassive Podcast is back for 2024 and putting the "happy" in Happy New Year! What could be a cheerier start to the year than an episode about the End of the World… Astronomically speaking!? From supernova explosions, to super volcanoes, Izzie Clarke, Dr Becky Smethurst and Dr Robert Massey are running through the checklist of big bad things that put our planet at risk. Special thanks goes to Professor Chris Impey from the University of Arizona and author of How It Ends, and Dr Mike Cassidy from the University of Birmingham. Things we promised we'd put in the show notes:  NASA worksheet - https://spacemath.gsfc.nasa.gov/earth/10Page5.pdf Recent Betelgeuse paper - Saio et al. (2023; Betelgeuse in carbon fusion stage) - https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.00287.pdf  Don't forget to leave us a review, send in your questions ,or share your astrophotography using podcast@ras.ac.uk or find us on Instagram @SupermassivePod.  The Supermassive Podcast is a Boffin Media production for The Royal Astronomical Society. The producers are Izzie Clarke and Richard Hollingham. 

Two of the main challenges to the Christian faith today come from science and from textual criticism. Does the science of the universe disprove God's existence and have textual critics of Scripture once and for all demonstrated that the Bible is historically unreliable? If we aren't scholars in this area, how can we even begin to engage these objections, especially when many seem so antagonistically opposed to the Bible today? The key is asking the right questions, which our guest again this week, author, apologist, and founder of Stand to Reason ministries Greg Koukl, has a wealth of experience in doing. Greg shares with us some of the wisdom he has gleaned from Jesus's agrarian parables to encourage you in your engagement with non-believers. Greg Koukl founded  Stand to Reason (str.org)  in 1993 and currently serves as president. He has spoken on more than 70 college and university campuses both in the U.S. and abroad and has hosted his own call-in radio show for 27 years, advocating for “Christianity worth thinking about.” He has debated atheist Michael Shermer on national radio and Deepak Chopra on national television. An award-winning writer and best-selling author, Greg has written seven books, including CThe Story of Reality-How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important that Happens in Between; Tactics-A GamePlan for Discussing Your Christian Convictions, and Relativism: Feet Firmly Planted in Mid-Air.  Greg has been featured on Focus on the Family radio and has been interviewed for CBN and the BBC. He's been quoted in Christianity Today, U.S. News & World Report, and the L.A. Times.Related Links: Free access to some related Watchman Profiles: Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Atheism by Dr. Robert M. Bowman: watchman.org/Atheism Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Agnosticism by W. Russell Crawford: watchman.org/Agnostic Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Naturalism by Daniel Ray: watchman.org/Naturalism Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Scientism by Dr. Luke Barnes and Daniel Ray: watchman.org/Scientism Additional ResourcesFREE: We are also offering a subscription to our 4-page bimonthly Profiles here: www.watchman.org/Free.PROFILE NOTEBOOK: Order the complete collection of Watchman Fellowship Profiles (over 600 pages -- from Astrology to Zen Buddhism) in either printed or PDF formats here: watchman.org/notebook. SUPPORT: Help us create more content like this. Make a tax-deductible donation here: www.watchman.org/give.Apologetics Profile is a ministry of Watchman Fellowship For more information, visit www.watchman.org © Watchman Fellowship, Inc.

Greg responds to questions about why Christians recommend Dennis Prager when he teaches things antithetical to Christianity, whether Christians who say there's only one way to God are closed-minded “religionists,” and a challenge to Greg's response to the Euthyphro dilemma.   Topics: Why do so many Christians recommend Dennis Prager when much of what he teaches seems to be antithetical to Christianity? (00:00) How do I respond to someone who says I shouldn't be a closed-minded “religionist” who thinks there's only one way to God? (17:00) In light of the fact that it seems God has given conflicting commands in the past, if God were to do something evil but call it good, how could we make that determination? (47:00) Mentioned on the Show:  Tactics: A Game Plan for Discussing Your Christian Convictions by Greg Koukl Street Smarts: Using Questions to Answer Christianity's Toughest Challenges by Greg Koukl The Story of Reality: How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important that Happens in Between by Greg Koukl Related Links: God Cares More about Behavior Than Most People Think by Amy Hall (responding to the idea that God cares about behavior rather than theology)

Bruce's Top Metal Albums of 2023 As the years roll on I find my taste in metal seems to slowly progress towards the more extreme side of things and my favorite albums of the year definitely reflect that trend. While I still have a soft spot for 80's Sleaze and Glam metal, I am beginning to really appreciate the darker, heavier side of the genre. So with out further ado, here are my top 5 albums of the year in no particular order. Primordial- “How it Ends”  Primordial, an Irish band known for pioneering the fusion of second wave black metal and Celtic folk, thrives on conflict. Their tenth album, "How It Ends," reflects a passionate exploration of their Irish heritage both musically and lyrically. Vocalist A.A. Nemtheanga addresses the fall of humanity in the face of authoritarianism, accompanied by the thunderous and anthemic battle music created band. Unearth- “The Wretched; The Ruinous” Unearth, the dedicated metalcore band from Massachusetts, has marked their 25th anniversary with the release of their eighth album, "The Wretched; The Ruinous." Despite the absence of founding guitarist Ken Susi, the band hasn't faltered, delivering their best work in years. The album stands as a testament to Unearth's unwavering work ethic and musical prowess, showcasing their continued commitment to excellence. Katatonia- “Sky Void of Stars” "Sky Void Of Stars" marks the 12th full-length album from the Swedish band. Similar to their 2020 release, "City Burials," the album reflects a delicate yet unyielding link to the band's earlier doom metal roots. While embracing a more primitive sound, the album showcases the band's quietly miraculous songwriting, demonstrating a harmonious blend of their past and present musical influences. Godthrymm- "Distortions" Distortions, the second part of the trilogy, exhibits a more varied and contemporary approach. Distortions promises to captivate any doom enthusiast, leaving a profound impact. Anticipation is high for the forthcoming final installment of the trilogy. WAYFARER- “American Gothic” At its essence, American Gothic serves as an artistic exploration that illuminates the darker chapters of the country's history, accompanied by hauntingly beautiful soundscapes. Despite some lengthier tracks, every element contributes meaningfully to the cinematic flow of the album. American Gothic seamlessly blends genres and diverse song structures, from doom and borderline ballads to country and black metal, without one overshadowing the other—a remarkable achievement. The production and instrumentation are of top-tier quality, positioning the album for well-deserved inclusion in numerous year-end lists. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

It seems to be more and more difficult in today's divisive culture wars to have civil and meaningful conversations with non-Christians. While we certainly do not wish to change the message of the Gospel, it is important to understand what are the sort of fruitful approaches to sharing our faith that can help at least begin such conversations. Evangelism is not what it used to be. On the next two episodes of the Profile we talk with author, apologist, and founder of Stand to Reason ministries Greg Koukl about his latest book, Street Smarts. Greg gives us wisdom for how to engage those on the outside by means of understanding the nature of gardening. Greg Koukl founded  Stand to Reason (str.org)  in 1993 and currently serves as president. He has spoken on more than 70 college and university campuses both in the U.S. and abroad and has hosted his own call-in radio show for 27 years, advocating for “Christianity worth thinking about.” He has debated atheist Michael Shermer on national radio and Deepak Chopra on national television. An award-winning writer and best-selling author, Greg has written seven books, including CThe Story of Reality-How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important that Happens in Between; Tactics-A GamePlan for Discussing Your Christian Convictions, and Relativism: Feet Firmly Planted in Mid-Air.  Greg has been featured on Focus on the Family radio and has been interviewed for CBN and the BBC. He's been quoted in Christianity Today, U.S. News & World Report, and the L.A. Times.Related Links: Free access to some related Watchman Profiles: Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Atheism by Dr. Robert M. Bowman: watchman.org/Atheism Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Agnosticism by W. Russell Crawford: watchman.org/Agnostic Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Naturalism by Daniel Ray: watchman.org/Naturalism Watchman Fellowship 4-page Profile on Scientism by Dr. Luke Barnes and Daniel Ray: watchman.org/Scientism Additional ResourcesFREE: We are also offering a subscription to our 4-page bimonthly Profiles here: www.watchman.org/Free.PROFILE NOTEBOOK: Order the complete collection of Watchman Fellowship Profiles (over 600 pages -- from Astrology to Zen Buddhism) in either printed or PDF formats here: watchman.org/notebook. SUPPORT: Help us create more content like this. Make a tax-deductible donation here: www.watchman.org/give.Apologetics Profile is a ministry of Watchman Fellowship For more information, visit www.watchman.org © Watchman Fellowship, Inc.

Episode 121 Today we are joined by Dr. Chris Impey to talk about exoplanets, the search for life in space, and the search for meaning on Earth.   Dr Impey is a University Distinguished Professor of Astronomy at the University of Arizona. He has over 220 refereed publications on observational cosmology, galaxies, and quasars, and his research has been supported by $20 million in NASA and NSF grants. He has won eleven teaching awards and has taught two online classes with over 300,000 enrolled and 4 million minutes of video lectures watched. He is a past Vice President of the American Astronomical Society, won its Education Prize, has been an NSF Distinguished Teaching Scholar, Carnegie Council's Arizona Professor of the Year, and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Professor. He has written 70 popular articles on cosmology, astrobiology and education, two textbooks, a novel called Shadow World, and eight popular science books: The Living Cosmos, How It Ends, Talking About Life, How It Began, Dreams of Other Worlds, Humble Before the Void, Beyond: The Future of Space Travel, and Einstein's Monsters: The Life and Times of Black Holes.    Support this podcast on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/DowntheWormholepodcast   More information at https://www.downthewormhole.com/   produced by Zack Jackson music by Zack Jackson and Barton Willis    Transcript (AI Generated) ian (01:16.703) Our guest today is a university distinguished professor of astronomy at the University of Arizona. He has over 220 refereed publications on observational cosmology, galaxies, and quasars, and his research has been supported by $20 million in NASA and NSF grants. He's won 11 teaching awards and has taught two online classes with over 300,000 enrolled and 4 million minutes of video lectures watched. He's a past vice president of the American Astronomical Society, has been an NSF Distinguished Teaching Scholar, Carnegie Council's Arizona Professor of the Year, and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute professor. He has written 70 popular articles on cosmology, astrobiology, and education, two textbooks, a novel called Shadow World and eight popular science books. I'm very excited to welcome Dr. Chris Impey to the podcast today. chris_impey (02:07.898) Yeah, delighted to be with you. zack_jackson (02:09.75) Welcome. That's quite an introduction. Ha ha ha. Thanks for watching. I hope you enjoyed this video. I'll see you in the next one. Bye. ian (02:12.983) Yeah. Obviously, I shortened down what you sent us, and it was tough for me to do that, Chris, because you've done a lot. You know, obviously, I was at fellow academic. I understand the need to do peer-reviewed research and those types of things in our field, but I was really impressed with how much writing you've done for the general public, both articles and also your books. You've written a novel. You've been on several podcasts. Can you kind of tell us a little bit about your background, what is you do, and then how you also got into that part of your profession of making sure you communicate with the general public as well? chris_impey (02:53.298) Sure, you won't hear it in my voice, my accent, but I was born into Edinburgh, I'm a Scott. I had a little transatlantic childhood that sort of wiped out the Scottish borough, but if you feed me single malt whiskey it would come back. And of course, I'm sure you noticed if you've gone to Britain that you look up and there are not many stars visible there. So once I decided to do astronomy I knew I was going to leave, so I did my undergrad work in London. zack_jackson (03:04.15) Thank you. Bye. Ha ha ha! chris_impey (03:22.938) and never look back and I'm a dual citizen now. So astronomy is big in Arizona. I've not looked elsewhere. The grass is never greener anywhere else. We're building the biggest telescopes in the world and we have five observatories within an hour's drive. So this is the perfect place to do observational astronomy. So I'm very happy. But then as people's careers evolve, you know, the writing research papers is important. It's the sort of stocking trade of the academic. But it's also, you know, the texture of the average research article is that of a three-day old bologna sandwich. It's almost designed to be indigestible writing. The constraints of an academic discourse make that happen. So I was always interested in more popular writing, so I segued into textbooks. And then I realized the problem with them is that you've written a textbook and that's a nice challenge. But then the publisher just wants you to update it every year or so. It's like, okay, that's not so exciting. I think I'm not going to do this anymore. And then I think more broadly, apart from just liking education and being very committed to teaching and mentoring students, you know, I've just seen the, well, even before the sort of large waves of misinformation and the assault on facts in our culture, it's, I viewed it as an obligation of a professional scientist to communicate to a larger audience because, well, to be blunt, we're paid by the taxpayer. zack_jackson (04:26.05) Thank you. Bye. zack_jackson (04:44.15) Hmm. chris_impey (04:54.118) And also, there's a lot of misinformation out there, and science is often misperceived or characterized in wrong and inappropriate ways. And so I think all scientists should not just stay in their little lane doing research, but they should, if they can, some better than others. And not everyone can be Neil deGrasse Tyson. That's fine. But I think there's an obligation to communicate to larger audiences. And once I got into it and got practiced and better at it, then I now understand that I mean, it's like I couldn't imagine not doing it. chris_impey (05:32.018) And the books just, okay. And so books just flow out of that because writing popular articles is just a sort of lighter version of writing a technical article. And then, you know, you want a meaty subject. You do a book-length version. So I've been writing about cosmology and astrobiology. And I've started about 10 years ago I say, I think this is my ninth book, Exoplanets. So books are fun. They're more challenging. ian (05:32.543) I almost had to sneeze. Sorry, go ahead. Ha ha ha. chris_impey (06:01.958) to take on a big subject and distill it down and make it, you gotta make it, have a resonance for a person with no, maybe with no background in astronomy or maybe just a little background and you're taking them through what could be a very esoteric subject. So that, I like the challenge of that. Although the books are exhausting. Once I've done a book, I don't wanna, I almost don't wanna look at a book or read a book or write a book for a while. zack_jackson (06:28.65) do people ask you like when's the next one coming out? Like right after you finish. It's like having a baby. I'm not sure if you can tell, but I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. chris_impey (06:31.898) Of course. Yeah, they are. Yeah, it's like I'm not going to go there about the having a baby because my wife would my wife would give me a hard time. There's nothing like having a baby. You can't even imagine, you know, and and and she and yeah, and she's right. But like having a baby, you know, women may feel that and then they do it again, you know, so I write the book, have have a slight, you know, trauma afterwards or just let down. It's a little bit of a let down sometimes. zack_jackson (06:43.89) That is a good man. Good job. ian (06:45.766) Yes. chris_impey (07:01.918) you finished any big-ish thing. But I do like writing, so I'm committed to it. zack_jackson (07:02.094) Hmm. ian (07:09.303) Yeah. zack_jackson (07:10.05) So you're writing and thinking and studying a lot about exoplanets these days. So you're writing and thinking and studying a lot about exoplanets these days. So you're writing and thinking and studying a lot about exoplanets these days. So you're writing and thinking and studying a lot about exoplanets these days. So you're writing and thinking and studying a lot about exoplanets these days. So you're writing and thinking and studying a lot about exoplanets these days. So you're writing and thinking and studying a lot about exoplanets these days. So you're writing and thinking and studying a lot chris_impey (07:15.718) Yeah, it's a super hot field with the number has up to 5,300 last time I checked on NASA's website. And remember, you know, 1995, the number was zero. So this is all, this is all the last few decades and it's just growing gangbusters. And now it's a slightly unfortunate because I have, we have students here who are working on exoplanets or astrobiology. And, you know, there was a time when if you discovered one cool Earth-like planet or water world, ian (07:27.244) I remember that. chris_impey (07:45.818) about it. Well now you know you'd have to find a hundred interesting things to write a paper. So the bar has been raised just by the success of the field. But the interesting thing is that it's moving to a new phase. So the most of what's known about those 5300 exoplanets is not much at all. They're basically is either a mass or a size or maybe both and you get a density and know it's a gas planet or a rocky planet. And that's it. We can't characterize zack_jackson (07:46.792) Hmm. zack_jackson (07:54.15) Yeah. zack_jackson (08:04.316) Hmm. chris_impey (08:15.698) thousands of exoplanets. So the next stage of the game, everyone's taking a deep breath in the research field is to try and characterize the atmospheres and the geology and of course find life. And that's just a very hard experiment. It's just much harder than detecting an exoplanet in the first place. So there's sort of excitement in the air because if I were betting, I would say that within five to seven years, we will have done the experiment of looking for life or Earth planets that are nearest to us and will either know the answer. Either there will be microbes on those planets that have altered their atmospheres or there won't be and that will be an amazing experiment to have done. So it's really on the horizon. But it's daunting because it's a very difficult experiment. Earth-like planets are a billion times fainter than the stars they orbit. So you have to, and they're far away so they appear very close to their star. So you have to isolate the planet from the star, blot out the billion times brighter and then smear the feeble reflected light from the exoplanet into a spectrum and look for molecules that indicate life like oxygen, ozone, methane, water vapor and so on. ian (09:26.503) But the molecules you're looking for are always in the atmosphere itself, right? Like you wouldn't, and I understand that, and I think we all do, but, you know, some people listening may not realize that that's, that's what you're looking at. When you're talking about with the spectrum is that makeup of the atmosphere, nothing about like if there's, if it's a rocky planet, what's on the ground, I guess. zack_jackson (09:26.614) Now. chris_impey (09:30.458) there. chris_impey (09:45.358) Right, right. And it's important for people to realize that the characterizing the exoplanets is done in that indirect way. For instance, of those 5,300, only 150 have ever had an image made of them. You know, seeing is believing. It's nice to have images of exoplanets. That's a hard thing. And those images are, you know, they're pathetic, a few pixels. They're just pale blue dots in a far away. So there's no, and if you ask this, ian (10:02.488) Right. zack_jackson (10:03.35) Thank you. Thank you. chris_impey (10:15.678) The question of when will we be able to make an image of an exoplanet to be able to see continents and oceans? The answer is maybe never. The answer is decades or a very long time because it's just too hard to make images that sharp of things that far away, even with space telescopes. So astronomers have to be a little more indirect and the clever method that's on the table now and will be done, James Webb is doing some of this but was never built to do this experiment, it will actually be better done with the huge... set of ground-based telescopes under construction. So the experiment is you use the star to backlight the exoplanet when it crosses in front of it, and the backlit, the light from the star filters through the atmosphere of the exoplanet and imprints absorption from these relevant molecules called biosignatures. So that's the experiment you're doing. And it's still hard. And it's also not clear you'll get an unambiguous answer. You know, obviously, and its cousin ozone are the prime biomarkers because on Earth, the oxygen we breathe, one part and five of our air, was put there by microbes billions of years ago. So the reverse logic is if you see oxygen on an exoplanet or in the atmosphere of an exoplanet, it must have been put there by life because oxygen is so reactive, so volatile that it disappears. If there's not life to sustain it, say the biosphere of the Earth shut down overnight, the entire biosphere just shut down. ian (11:41.803) Thank you. Thank you. chris_impey (11:45.458) just imagine the thought experiment. Within five to seven billion, a million years, so very short time in geological terms, the oxygen, that one part in five we breathe, would be gone. It would rust things, it would dissolve in seawater, it would oxidize with rocks, and it would be gone. So if it were not put there originally by life and then sustained by photosynthesis and other life processes, it would disappear. So the logic, therefore, is if you see it elsewhere, bang, it's got to be microbes putting it there and causing it to be there. ian (12:16.845) Yeah. zack_jackson (12:16.95) Hmm, unless there's some hitherto unknown non-living process by which these things happen. chris_impey (12:24.058) Right. So that's a good point. And there is a debate there because the data that's going to come in, well, first of all, it'll be noisy. It won't be beautiful, perfect spectra. So they'll be ambiguous to interpret. And then when you see it, what is the, where's, does the bar set for being enough? And the geologists have weighed in on this. And so whereas the sort of simplistic view as well, if you see any significant level of oxygen, certainly 18% like on the earth, what's got to be biology. zack_jackson (12:41.694) Yeah. chris_impey (12:54.218) That's pretty much true, but geologists have figured out ways where without biology, just with geochemical reactions, if you conjure up a geochemistry, you can get 6%, 5%, 7% oxygen. That's quite a lot, more than most people would have expected. So the geologists are saying, well, hold on. Yes, a lot of oxygen is probably a biomarker, but you would have to know more about the planet to be sure that it didn't have some weird chemistry and geology going on. for any of the other biomarkers. Methane is a biomarker too because it's produced on earth, you know, mostly by life, a good fraction of that, cow farts I think. But so it's the same argument. So these wonderful and difficult to obtain spectra are going to be, everyone's going to jump all over them and hope they give an unambiguous answer, but they might not. Science is not always as cut and dried as that at the frontier, which is where we are. But it's the zack_jackson (13:34.511) Hmm. Sure. chris_impey (13:53.958) exciting experiment and it will be done fairly soon. ian (13:58.804) Okay. chris_impey (14:01.358) And then a sort of related issue is that it's not just microbes. I mean, that's just looking for life as we know it on the earth. You could also look with the same technique, and this is an interesting possibility, for what are called techno signatures. So biosignatures is just evidence of life, typically microbes, because we think most life in the universe is going to be microbial, even if it's not exactly like our form of biology. But you could also look for things technology like chlorofluorocarbons, which you know, were responsible for almost killing the ozone layer for a few decades until we sort of ruled them out of refrigeration units. And there are other chemicals that are produced by industrial activity in a civilization, which would normally be very trace ingredients in an atmosphere, barely, you know, not present at all really. And if you could detect them in an atmosphere, it would be indirect evidence of a technological or industrial civilization. Realization on that planet and that will be very exciting. So that's the same method being used to ask a very different question But it's a more challenging experiment because these are trace ingredients. I'll give you an example I mean, we're all aware of climate change global warming and we've seen the carbon dioxide content of our atmosphere Increased by 30% roughly in the last few decades. That's quite a lot. It's obviously concerning and we know the implications But if you step back and look at the earth from afar and say, well, shouldn't that just be obvious? Shouldn't some other alien civilization look at the Earth and say, oh, those people are really screwing up. They're killing their atmosphere with climate change and fossil fuel burning? The answer is probably not because carbon dioxide is a trace ingredient of our atmosphere, and 30% increase on a trace ingredient would actually be very hard to detect from a distance. So even that dramatic thing that we are all anxious about on our planet industrial activity and fossil fuels is not dramatically obvious from a distance. So these are quite difficult experiments. The techno-signature experiment is much harder than the biosignature experiment. zack_jackson (16:13.592) Hmm. ian (16:14.165) Interesting. rachael (16:17.101) One of the things that you had said when looking at these exoplanets was, you know, we look at them and we want to see them and what's going on with them. And then you added the line, and of course, detect life. And that's where our conversation has gone for the last couple of minutes. But I'm wondering, you added that phrase that seems to think that finding life is part, entire reason for studying exoplanets. And I'm wondering, A, why you think that? And B, what that says about, you know, making it very narcissistic and Earth-centered, what that says about us. chris_impey (16:54.799) Mm-hmm. chris_impey (17:02.778) Right. Okay. So good question. I can unpack that in parts. I mean, yes, if I were a geologist or a planetary scientist, I'd be just pleased as punch and happy as a pig in a poke to just study exoplanets. That's all that I'm happy. I've got 5300 new, new geological worlds to study. Whereas the solar system only has a handful. Oh, yeah. So depending on your discipline, you might be totally zack_jackson (17:16.049) Hehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehe rachael (17:19.507) Right! chris_impey (17:32.718) properties. But astrobiology, I mean astrobiology writ large is the study of life in the universe, and the context for that search for life in the universe is the fact that we only know of one example of life, and that's on this planet. And everything in astronomy and the history of astronomy, and the Copernicus onwards, has told us we're not special, has told us there's nothing singular zack_jackson (17:59.891) Thank you. Bye. chris_impey (18:02.718) about our solar system, about our galaxy, or our position in the galaxy, and so on. In space and time, we are not special. And so, you know, for biology to be unique to this planet, when the ingredients are widespread, we've detected carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, the biogenic elements out to distances of 12, 13 billion light years, almost to the birth of the universe. Water is one of the, you might think it's special. Earth is a water world. Well, actually, some of the exoplanets have 10 to 30 times more water. water than the Earth. So it's not, the Earth isn't really a water world even, pale blue dot, it's not that special. And water is one of the most abundant molecules in the universe too. So all the ingredients, the table is set for life in the universe. And as the universe is evolved and is quite old, more and more of those biogenic elements are made by stars and spat out into space to become part of new star systems and planets. And so in an old mature universe with a lot of heavy elements, and with many habitable locations now, we the best guess is 20 billion Earth-like habitable worlds just in our galaxy, then it just, whether or not it's central to astrobiology, it absolutely begs the question, is biology unique to this planet? Because it really shouldn't be statistically. However, logically, you know, to be correct and scientific, it's possible that there were a unique set of accidents and flukes that led to life on Earth, and it is unique. It would still chris_impey (19:33.038) It's historical science to wonder how life on earth developed and nobody's ever built a cell from scratch in the lab people have done various parts of that experiment and They can't connect all the dots, but they've done some very interesting experiments that certainly suggest It's not a fluke that the whole thing happened. You need time. You need the possibilities of Chemicals bumping into each other and getting more complex, but that tends to happen It happens if you do it in a computer it in a lab as well as you can. And so the context of the ingredients for life being so widespread and there not seeming to be any sort of bizarre, flukish occurrence in the development of at least replicating molecules that could store information, if not a full cell, would certainly lead you to anticipate life elsewhere. And then game on, because the big question then is, so there are two almost binary questions you're trying to answer, which is why the field is so exciting. Is there life beyond Earth, yes or no? And then if yes, is it like our life? Is it biology? Because everything on Earth, from a fungal spore to a butterfly to a blue whale, is the same biological experiment. They seem like very diverse things, but that's one genetic code. experiment that led to that diversity after a long time, after four billion years of evolution. And there's no reason to expect, even if the ingredients for life and the basis for biology exist far beyond Earth and in many locations, there's no real reason to expect that it would play out the same way elsewhere. And so that second question, is it like Earth life, is a very big question. rachael (21:27.201) Just as a curiosity, when did, if you know, when did microbes appear on Earth? chris_impey (21:39.158) So the earliest, the indications of life on Earth, the history of that is really tricky, because as you know, the Earth is a restless planet, and we weren't there, it's historical science, and it's possible you may never answer the question, but the big problem is the restless Earth. It's very hard, there's only a handful of places on Earth, Western Australia, Greenland, somewhere in South Africa, where you can find four billion year old rocks. They just don't exist. I mean, everything's been churned by geology and eroded rachael (21:46.661) We weren't there. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. rachael (21:56.104) Right. chris_impey (22:09.338) Weathered and so on so just even and that's about when we think life started So you're dealing with you know a crime scene where the evidence has been trampled many times and the crowds have just Obliterated the evidence so that's a hard thing and then the second hard thing is that the incipient Traces of life as you get to cells are very indirect They're sort of just you they're biochemical tracers or sorry there. They're chemical imbalances isotopic imbalances of versus normal carbon and so on. Because you're not looking for fully fossilized cells. So if you're just looking at what would be called chemical tracers of life, they're pretty good, but argumentative, this field is not resolved, traces that go back about 3.8 billion years. If you're asking when do you have the first fossil life forms, fossilized microbes, single cells, rachael (23:00.421) Okay. chris_impey (23:09.238) to 3.4, 3.5 billion years, and that's people then stop arguing about it. I think they believe that evidence. And then there's this enormous long time between that and multi-celled organisms. That step in the evolution of life seems to have taken a long time. You could infer that that means it's difficult or doesn't happen very often, but that's a dangerous inference from data of one. All the inferences, hazardous. So astrobiologists have to keep pinching themselves and saying, it's a sample of one. It's a sample of one. rachael (23:30.921) Thank you. Thank you. zack_jackson (23:32.75) Thank you. Bye. rachael (23:39.721) One does not make a line. One day to... That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. chris_impey (23:41.139) Don't draw too many conclusions. So, yeah, the cell formation, the evolution of the first cells and microbes seem to have taken 300 or 400 million years from the first chemical traces of life. But those chemical traces, we don't know. There's that Zircon that was found in Western Australia, 4.404 billion years accurately measured by radioactive dating. chris_impey (24:09.378) environment and so there's evidence really soon after the earth formed when it was just a hellhole of a place you know impacts and craters and geological activity that the earth surface was almost tacky like magma and yet there were there were any ingredients for life there so nobody would rule out life going back very close to the formation of the earth but then but tracing all these evolutionary paths is really hard I mean we have stromatolites which are modern descendants of the first microbial colonies. You can go to Western Australia, Shark's Bay, I've been there and it's great, they're stromatolites. These were just the same as they were now three billion years ago, it's really cool. One of the things you can't see behind me is my stromatolite collection. rachael (24:53.985) Yeah. rachael (24:59.962) One of the reasons, yeah, that's fascinating. It makes a collector about that. It makes a collector. Um. Yeah. zack_jackson (25:00.071) kind of a few collections chris_impey (25:01.578) Yeah. Oh, well, three. Does that make a collection? ian (25:05.749) It's good enough. chris_impey (25:07.958) Well, yes. It's like primitive counting systems, one, two, many. So I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. rachael (25:13.941) That's right. zack_jackson (25:15.016) Ha! rachael (25:19.021) One of the reasons I was asking that question about Earth, because you were talking about these very far away planets and looking for microbial, likely microbial life, then showing up in the atmosphere by its various products. And so my question was stemming from how far back are these planets that we're looking at? a really long time to create its microbes, then perhaps, since we're looking so far back in time, that maybe those microbes exist now, but when we're looking at them, they didn't exist. Right, that lovely time, space question. chris_impey (25:51.579) Mm-hmm. chris_impey (26:02.098) Right. So in that context, it's important to say that the exoplanets we're finding are in our backyard. So Kepler, NASA's Kepler mission is really responsible for almost half the exoplanets, even though it stopped operating a few years ago. And so the most exoplanets we know of are within 100 to 1,000 light years. And that's our backyard. The Milky Way is 100,000 light years across. rachael (26:12.785) Okay. rachael (26:28.064) Oh, close. Yeah. chris_impey (26:32.398) And of course, logically, therefore, we're only seeing them as they were a century or millennium ago, which is no time geologically. So we can't see that far back. So we're not really looking at ancient history. However, the more important point, having mentioned that carbon nitrogen, oxygen, and water have been around in the universe for a long time, is that we now can very confidently say, even if we can't locate such objects, that an earth clone, rachael (26:32.606) Okay. rachael (26:38.901) Yeah, it's no time at all. Yeah. chris_impey (27:02.098) something as close to Earth as you could imagine, could have been created within a billion years of the Big Bang. And that's seven billion years before the Earth formed. So there are potential biological experiments out there that have a seven billion year head start on us and then add the four billion four and a half billion years of evolution. And that's boggling because you know, we can't imagine what evolution and biology might come up with given 10 or 12 billion years to evolve rather zack_jackson (27:11.75) Hmm. chris_impey (27:31.958) Maybe it makes no difference at all. Maybe these things are slow and they're hard and the Earth was actually one of the fastest kids on the block rather than one of the slowest kids on the block. We don't know. Sample of one again. We'll just put that as a big asterisk over almost everything I say so I don't have to keep saying sample of one. Okay. zack_jackson (27:32.014) Hmm. rachael (27:41.861) Simple of one. zack_jackson (27:42.808) Yeah. zack_jackson (27:48.834) No. rachael (27:49.221) That'll just be today's episode title, right? Today's sample of one. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. chris_impey (27:51.14) Yeah, right. zack_jackson (27:52.65) That's Apple F1. chris_impey (27:55.038) Yeah, induction is a bitch when you can't do it. zack_jackson (27:55.492) So. zack_jackson (28:02.51) So we've talked a lot about the how it's possible, how we might detect it, but what do you think it might do to our sense of self and our sense of spirituality, our sense of humanity, our sense of earth? Should we start discovering life outside of, or at least biological markers in other places? chris_impey (28:28.898) Right. I mean, I think it sort of bifurcates if we find microbial life elsewhere and improve it, you know, it's beyond a reasonable doubt. And even if we don't know if it's our biology or not, it's just a biomarker that's irrefutable or set of biomarkers. That will be a transformative, epochal event in the history of science. It'll be dramatic. But it will make front page headlines and then fade, I would say, fairly rapidly, because it's microbes. zack_jackson (28:44.618) Mm-hmm. chris_impey (28:58.858) Like, that's Ponskum or stuff on your shower curtain, like, okay, who cares? So, I mean being facetious, but not too facetious, because I think the public will just be interested and science interested people will be very interested, and books will be written, and documentaries will be made, and so on. But in the public consciousness, I don't think it will permeate very far or persist very long. Of course, the counterpoint of if we decide we found intelligent life in the universe through those techno markers. zack_jackson (29:03.391) Ha ha ha. chris_impey (29:28.978) you know, the search for artificial radio or optical signals from some civilization. So they're obviously artificial and they couldn't have been produced by nature. That will be more profound, of course, because that's companionship in the universe. And that will raise all sorts of questions. So I think it really divides that way. And since the universe logically, if life exists in the universe elsewhere, there'll be many more microbes than intelligent civilizations. You know. ian (29:29.523) Mm-hmm. chris_impey (29:58.858) seed in that first mode. Although SETI is a side bet. I mean SETI for 65 years has been placing this little side bet. Okay, yeah, we can look for microbes and those are hard experiments and now we can almost do it. But let's always place this side bet of jumping over the evolutionary path from microbes to men or humans and look for those intelligent technological civilizations directly. And so it's worth doing. I'm not science scientists are divided on SETI, even astronomers are divided on it, whether it's a worthwhile pursuit or not, whether it's even scientific or not. That's the strongest critique of SETI is that unlike, you know, if I wanted to go to the National Science Foundation and get a million dollar grant to study some issue of, you know, solid state physics or high energy physics, I'd have to propose an experiment and define my parameters and how I was going to control variables and say how I would interpret the data. could refute or confirm. SETI doesn't have that kind of situation. They don't know how to define success or failure even. Well, they can define success more or less, but they can't define failure and they can't say what the probability of success is. So it's not a normal scientific pursuit. So that's the critique of SETI from scientists, but I still think it's worth doing. ian (31:04.946) Right. ian (31:23.628) Yeah. rachael (31:24.842) You talked about, and I think you're probably right in terms of how much people will care in the long run or in their day-to-day life or, right? Okay, so we found some microbes from, you know, a thousand light years away. I don't, that didn't reduce my student loan at all. But like, didn't, thank you. It's nice, saw the headlines. It's now three years later. chris_impey (31:45.018) Right. rachael (31:54.441) But I've noticed that you did a lot of work with the Vatican and with monks, and I think that that's a different population that might respond to and other religious figures, but specifically those I'm asking you because those are the groups that you've worked with. They might respond a little bit differently to this existence. Could you speak a little bit ian (32:01.35) Yeah chris_impey (32:16.803) Right. rachael (32:23.726) in this idea of how it would change. chris_impey (32:25.658) Sure. And maybe preface it with just the cultural comment, with independent religion, that the other issue that will arise with, I mean, if microbial life is found elsewhere and astrobiology is a real field with the subject matter, finally, yeah, it's foundational for science. And of course, it terraforms biology because, you know, if you want to poke, if physicists want to poke at biologists who say, well, you just spent your whole life studying one form of biology, What about all the other forms? You don't have a general theory of biology like we have a standard model of particle physics because you've just been studying one thing like staring at your navel. Well, what about all that stuff out there? Okay, so so it'll be a big deal for biology for all of science but on the intelligent life or advanced life, the problem with what happens outside the scientific community is it's not a tabula rasa. It's not a blank slate. The popular culture, especially in the US ian (32:59.524) Hmm. ian (33:08.503) Thank you. Bye. chris_impey (33:25.718) but almost everywhere now, is so primed for the fact that, A, it's already there and sure, and B, it's visited, and three, it's abducted some of our people, and four, it can make a list of all the conspiracy theories and wild ideas about alien life. And they're just so embedded in the popular culture that it's like that the fact of the existence of intelligent aliens has been amortized. It's sort of been, it's just already been built in. zack_jackson (33:39.8) Thank you. chris_impey (33:55.698) in to the culture. And so, you know, that would lead to a collective shrug. Well, sure, we knew that, you know, the government's been hiding this stuff from us for 70 years, since Roswell. So, you know, and now your astronomers are coming along and telling us, oh, it exists and you're all excited, really? Oh, come on, you know. So I think that's the larger cultural issue or problem or whatever, it's not a problem, it's just amusing to me. But as far as a religious reaction to this, and I'll say, zack_jackson (34:02.271) Hmm. rachael (34:04.421) Thank you. Bye. zack_jackson (34:05.05) Thank you. Bye. zack_jackson (34:12.722) Ha! chris_impey (34:25.698) the gate that I'm an agnostic, which my wife's a pretty hardcore atheist. And so she gives me a hard time about being agnostic. She thinks that's a kind of, it's a kind of wussy position to take. But I, and I argue with her, we argue vigorously about that one. I argue with her and I use the phrase that was attributed to Feynman. And I think he did say this in the biography of Richard Feynman, famous physicist. His biographer said, zack_jackson (34:43.45) Fantastic. chris_impey (34:55.738) Feynman believed in the primacy of doubt and that he held as a high scientific mark and doubt skepticism and doubt is a is a very high mark of a scientist. So I'm proud to wear that mantle of skepticism doubt of not being sure and being okay with not being sure. So I'm an agnostic but I do keep bad company and some of that bad company is Jesuits. Don't you know, don't don't go drinking with Jesuits. You'll you'll you'll end up in a rachael (34:59.461) Thank you. Bye. ian (35:13.024) Right. zack_jackson (35:14.092) Yeah. chris_impey (35:25.798) and a Rome gutter somewhere and they'll be they'll have got back home safely. With the Buddhists, the other group I hang out with, you don't have to worry about being drunk in a gutter because they really don't drink. They do bend the rules a bit, you know, I've seen them eat a lot of meat for people who are supposed to be vegans and vegetarians. But anyway, those are the two tribes that I've sort of affiliated myself with. And their reactions or perspectives on life in the universe is are quite different. They're interesting. Each the Buddhists that I've been with and I've read behind this of course and read some of their More you know the scholarly articles written about this It is completely unexceptional in their tradition to contemplate a universe filled with life That could be more advanced It could be human like or it could be more advanced or different from humans in also a vast universe with cycles of time and birth and and death of the universe and rebirth of other universes. So the Byzantine possibilities of life in the universe are pretty standard stuff for them and would not surprise them at all. They do get into more tricky issues when they come to define life itself, which biologists of course have trouble with, or sentience, which is also a tricky issue. But on the larger issue of the existence of life in the universe far beyond Earth, that's just non-controversial. zack_jackson (36:48.35) Hmm. chris_impey (36:55.898) to them and when I say that's what we anticipate and that's what scientists expect it's like okay sure and the Jesuits are in a different slightly different space they're of course in an unusual space as we know within the Catholic Church because they're you know they're the scholarly branch you know they're they're devoted to scholarship they from Gregory and the calendar reform they were liberated to measure ian (37:17.944) Mm-hmm. chris_impey (37:25.678) the heavens and then eventually that just segwayed smoothly into doing astronomy research. The Jesuits have been doing pretty straight up astronomical research since certainly the early 19th century, so quite a long time. And they have that sort of intellectual independence of being able to pursue those ideas. All the Jesuit astronomers I know, there are I think 11 or 12 in the Vatican Observatory and they all live the double life. They're all PhD astronomers. rachael (37:37.221) Thank you. chris_impey (37:55.798) with parishes. So it's not a problem. Whoever else, whoever elsewhere might think there's a conflict between science and religion, they don't see it. They don't feel it. And if you ask... Yeah. Yeah. ian (38:05.145) Mm-hmm. zack_jackson (38:06.03) No. And if anyone out there wants to hear more about that, they can listen to episode episode 113 with brother guy, the, uh, the director. Yeah. ian (38:10.246) We have an episode. chris_impey (38:13.821) Right. ian (38:15.343) Director of the Vatican Observatory. chris_impey (38:16.418) Sure, sure. So I've known guys since, well, since he was a grad student actually, and a long time. And yes, and so they, they're pursuing it from a scholarly direction. And for them, it's also uncontroversial that there would be life elsewhere. Now, what is the, you know, what does that do to God's creation when you imagine that Earth and humans are no longer the centerpiece of it? That's a more interesting question. zack_jackson (38:22.034) Wow. chris_impey (38:46.298) I've had debates about that. And I heard Jose Funes, who was the previous director of the Vatican Observatory and Argentinian astronomer, in a press conference actually in the Vatican City State when we had a conference on astrobiology. In response to a question about astrobiology, because that was what the conference was about, he gave a very interesting answer. He said he gave a parable of Christ in the flock of sheep and how there was the sheep that was lost. you know, you had to gather back to the rest of the flock. And he didn't complete the story, he just left it hanging there. And so you were left wondering, are we the lost sheep, you know, and the other, and all the intelligent aliens out there are the rest of the flock? And what's the message, you know? So he sort of almost muddied the waters with his little parable. But in the manner of how they view the universe, zack_jackson (39:27.914) Hmm. rachael (39:28.621) Thank you. Bye. zack_jackson (39:33.792) Hmm. chris_impey (39:46.398) the rules of physics. I used to teach a team graduate cosmology with Bill Staker, who is one of their tribe. Sadly, he died a few years ago. We teach cosmology and he's a relativist. He works on general relativity and the Big Bang and all that. And if I was just wanting to pull his leg at breakfast, we had breakfast before we taught us to organize ourselves. I could do one of two things. I could say, oh, Bill, physics, we got you with physics. is squeezed back to the first 10 to the minus 43 seconds. Got to the gaps, there it is, that's a little gap. And then physics owns the rest, you know. And then if I was really feeling frisky, I'd sort of, since he was a Catholic, I'd tease him about the three impossible things he has to believe every morning before breakfast. Virgin birth, resurrection, et cetera, you know. So I don't know how all those circles are squared truly because we've had, you know, I've had conversations. zack_jackson (40:22.572) Hmm. zack_jackson (40:26.32) Hehehehehe zack_jackson (40:35.05) Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. chris_impey (40:46.798) But I know that it's not a conflict or a tension or even a problem to imagine life in the universe and even intelligent life. So for neither of those two very different religious tribes, does it seem to be an issue? ian (41:06.443) So can you talk more about, especially how you got involved? Cause I think that science for the monks and nuns program was really interesting. And, you know, one, how you got involved, but you know, reading your book Humble Before the Void was just very interesting to kind of see about your experience from there. And you told us before we started recording that you wrote that after your first time going and that you've been there eight or nine times now. What has all of this been like for you? How has it had an impact on your work and also your personal life? if yes and what ways. chris_impey (41:38.798) Yeah, it was a sort of profound, it's been a profound experience since 2008, I guess, so it's almost 15 years and eight trips. So the first time was one of those great things of you come across the transom professionally. Sometimes I got a call from a colleague that I didn't know that well, who he knew I had an education, a good reputation as an educator. And he just called me, he's a postdoc at Berkeley actually, an environmental science postdoc. He said, how'd you like to go and teach the Dalai Lama's monks cosmology? And it's not a question you ruminate over or look at your skit, look at, oh, I'll check my calendar. Let me get back to you. No, you just say yes, and then you make it happen. So I said yes, and then it happened. And I was savvy enough in hindsight to take my 17-year-old Paul with me on that trip. And he'd never been anywhere out, he'd been to Europe a couple of times, but he'd never been to Asia or anywhere exotic. zack_jackson (42:14.65) Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha rachael (42:17.821) Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha zack_jackson (42:23.05) Thank you. Bye. chris_impey (42:38.738) if you like. And so that was a profound trip in that sense. It was a bonding with your 17-year-old and you know, we were a little more adventurous together than either of us might have been on our own. And so the context was that invitation. And then I learned that his holiness the Dalai Lama, who famously has said in his autobiography that if he hadn't been selected at age four to be the of compassion would have been an engineer. Fine, that's an interesting statement to make. But, and it meant that when he was a child in Eastern Tibet, in a pretty primitive village, you know, he would just infuriate his parents by taking apart their clocks and mechanical devices and never quite putting them together again. So he had this analytic and mechanical and engineering and scientific mindset even as a child. And then of course his future was cast into the role he had zack_jackson (43:11.134) Hmm. zack_jackson (43:25.992) Hmm. chris_impey (43:38.798) he took. But he's always had that strong interest in science. So he looked around 20 or so years ago and realized that the monastic tradition, his, the Gelug tradition, of course, or other traditions in Buddhism, was sort of outdated. You know, the monastic training was extremely rigorous. They take years and years of rhetoric and philosophy and theology and comparative religion and all sorts of things. But there's very little science, very little math. And in the schools, there's zack_jackson (43:39.972) Bye. chris_impey (44:08.718) very little science and very little math. And he just thought that was unacceptable. He said, my monks and nuns, the nun part actually did come later. And that was a good part of his work to make the level of playing field for monastic training to include nuns. But he just said, these my monastics cannot be prepared for life in the 21st century if they don't have science and math. And so in the manner that he does these things, he just looked around and waved his arm and said, make this happen, you know, and I've now zack_jackson (44:19.05) Thank you. Thank you. zack_jackson (44:30.035) Yeah. zack_jackson (44:37.45) Hehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehe chris_impey (44:38.798) heard from proximity to people in his orbit that his holiness, the Dalai Lama says a lot of things. He has great ideas. He's very activist. He's very visionary. And he says all sorts of things. And people scurry around and sometimes they just ignore him. Sometimes nothing happens. But this one, they decided to make it happen. And what happened was they looked around Dharamsala chris_impey (45:08.658) the blue, who was an educator and a scientist, a young scientist. And they just glommed on to him and they said, Hey, can you help us with this? Can you set something up? And so he set up the science for monks program, then science for monks and nuns. When the nuns came on board and I was one of the early people he called. And so the model was to bring three to four Western teachers in different subjects. The Dalai Lama's core interest. it doesn't mirror a bit his interests, which are evolutionary biology, neuroscience, physics, math, and then environmental sciences come on board too. So it's not every field of science. So these, we would come out as Western teachers and there'd be cohorts of monks and then monks and nuns, about 24 in a group. And we do three week intensive workshops and they're very intense, you know, we're in the classroom six, seven hours a day and then our evening sessions or observing zack_jackson (45:50.671) Hmm. chris_impey (46:08.658) telescopes. So it's kind of grueling actually, but it's inspiring as well. And eventually, the idea is that enough of the monks and nuns will be trained to be educators themselves, and you won't need to depend on Westerners to come out and do this. And they're not really there yet, but they could get there. I don't want them to get there, because then I won't get invited out. So it was a singular experience. And the book I wrote, of course, was fresh, zack_jackson (46:24.494) Hmm. chris_impey (46:38.738) I was really, I wrote it not long after the first trip. And to your question of did it affect me or change me? Well, yes, in many ways, some of which I probably haven't fully appreciated. I mean, first of all, it was a deep embedding in a culture, in a way that I'd never done. I was pretty experienced world traveler, but in that sort of slightly superficial way of someone who goes to Asia and tries to hang out and go to a bar in a local restaurant and see the sights, but you don't really get to know the people ian (47:05.228) Mm-hmm chris_impey (47:08.838) you're moving around. So being three weeks, sometimes four weeks, and then traveling with them afterwards or during, you know, really you get to learn the culture. You also see in these northern Indian towns, most of the workshops are in northern India, there's now in southern India, Bidtabhatta, Nepal for this too. They're mixing very well. India has a, you know, kind of black mark on it right now with its current government of sort of sectarian strife and Most recently with the Sikhs, but also obviously with Muslims But in those little northern Indian villages where there are sometimes 50 percent Buddhist 50 percent Hindus They really get on pretty well. I mean that they're just they're sort of under the radar the geopolitics or the What the Modi government is doing at the time so? It works pretty well, and it's nice to see that So I learned that I saw the culture up close. I would be part of their rituals and go, you know and ian (47:50.666) Mm-hmm. chris_impey (48:08.758) see everything they saw and listen to their prayers and talk to their scholars. And so it was a pretty deep embedding. And then as far as my own life, when I come back, rather than just view it as, you know, amazing experience, I got some beautiful photos. I had these great memories. Um, it did sort of make me reflect a little, uh, because of their, the ethos they had. And their ethos is, is of course very, um, very different from most of a Western ethos. It's a Buddhist are all about compassion and suffering, suffering and compassion. They do go together. They're almost bedfellows. So I got the message, I think very early on, when I was walking towards the lecture hall and it was at one of these Tibetan children villages and they're very poignant places. They're about 11 or maybe now 14 Tibetan children villages in the northern part of India. And that's where the refugees go. ian (48:46.008) Mm-hmm. chris_impey (49:09.158) that escaped. So almost all the monks in my early workshops left Tibet when they were teenagers even younger, brought across the ice fields by family members at great risk. Some didn't make it, others lost toes and fingers from frostbite. They had to go in the winter because the Chinese troops would intercept them and even even then did in the winter. So they were orphans, And they grow up and go to these Tibetan children villages, sort of orphanages, really. And so I was walking towards the lecture hall, which is situated in one of these villages. And there was a hard, scrabble, packed dirt soccer pitch. You know, it looked really uncomfortable for falling. I am enough of a Brit to have experienced playing football soccer on really nice grass, because England does have good grass, you know. And I was thinking, the first thing I thought, damn, I don't want to play football. rachael (50:04.321) Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ian (50:04.525) Right. zack_jackson (50:05.412) Hmm chris_impey (50:08.918) on that field. That would be brutal. So there was this football field and there was a 10-foot wall behind it running the length of the football field, painted white, and on top of it in 10-foot high letters was a slogan of the school, others before self. And I was just thinking, I wonder how many American high schools would have that as their slogan. How would that go down with the, you know, social media, me generation, whatever. rachael (50:10.621) Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ian (50:31.167) Right. rachael (50:31.321) Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha zack_jackson (50:32.25) Hmm ian (50:34.845) Yeah. chris_impey (50:38.918) So that was one thing. And then a series of those little messages sort of sink in about how they do operate differently from us or me. And so one thing it made me reflect on when I went back home was I immediately embedded back in my academic life and hustling the next grant and writing the next paper and talking to my collaborators. And I just realized how really how intensely pressured. rachael (50:40.763) Wow. chris_impey (51:08.658) Darwinian that science, Western science system is, it's kind of, you know, it kind of grinds you down. I mean, I've been hustling for grants from funding agencies for 40 years and I kind of burned out on it, you know, it's hard. It doesn't get any easier because there's younger whippersnappers that are very smart and, you know, they're going to get your grant. So it definitely made me reflect on the sort of hyper competitive nature of some parts of zack_jackson (51:21.042) Hmm. ian (51:21.047) Mm-hmm. rachael (51:28.721) Thank you. Bye. chris_impey (51:39.719) and just reflect on what is important. Is it important to know something, or to teach something, or to give something, or to what is important? And how does that work when you're a scientist and educator? And that's it. Thank you for watching. I hope you enjoyed this video. I'll see you in the next one. Bye. ian (51:56.043) Yeah. Well, it's just interesting reading the book and I told you before we're recording. I've not been on to finish it yet, but I look forward to finish it just because, you know, one, you know, as I've already said, you're a fantastic writer for the lay audience, the general public, which is not something, you know, I've, I've worked with many scientists as a science educator and many of the ones I've worked with have said they struggle with that. Right. So I always applaud that. Um, but then just the, the personal experiences you shared and. chris_impey (51:59.833) I'm ian (52:26.163) humble before the void was just very interesting to me, especially someone who I have embraced meditation and mindfulness over the past three or four years and gotten really into it. And so, you know, first when I, when you shared that book with us and saw that the Dalai Lama wrote, you know, the preface for it and everything, I just was immediately fascinated because I find him to be absolutely fascinating in his perspective on things. So chris_impey (52:47.298) Yeah, I mean, I was, I mean, I've been privileged to meet him a couple of times. And, uh, and it's always, uh, a singular experience. Uh, the first time was that first trip out actually. And, and it was in that same Tibetan children village. And that was, this was in the winter. I was a January is a very, um, very difficult time to be there. It's in the foothills of the Himalayas. Quite high up. Dharamsala has trivial factoid that a Brit will appreciate like me. Um, It has the world's highest cricket stadium. And so drum solo, there you go. Now you know, when you get asked that, now you know. So we were in this auditorium, this cold auditorium, very cold, and they'd given the Westerners blankets, put over their legs, and even a few little heaters around. But it was brutal. And he was going to give an opening address. And everyone was full of excitement and anticipation. It was probably 2,000 people. But it was a cold, it was an unadorned Spartan auditorium ian (53:20.331) Oh. zack_jackson (53:20.594) Hmm. Ha ha ha. ian (53:25.403) Exactly. zack_jackson (53:34.892) Hmm. chris_impey (53:47.498) on a below freezing day in the Himalayas. And along that football field outside, which is the way his little, he has the equivalent of a pokemobile, he has the DL mobile or whatever that he comes into a place with, that he was gonna come along the edge of the field. And I'd seen walking in that the school children were starting to assemble in a long row along the side of the football field along the place his vehicle would come. And we were waiting zack_jackson (54:01.775) Thank you. Bye. chris_impey (54:17.258) He was late and it was so cold and it was quiet. People were murmuring, nothing was happening. And then suddenly we heard this sound, this wave of singing. So they were singing him in as his vehicle arrived. And I was like, wow, that was so cool. Just the sound of that. And then he came and he just radiates when he's in a room. And he's a little frail. He had trouble getting up the three steps onto the stage. But his grin is just... Oh, it's just... anyone who remelt the hardest heart. He's just so... and his comments are always, you know, they're always kind of offhand and insightful and, you know, he has a very interesting and sensibility. So that's been a remarkable thing. But the monks all had their own insights and I learned a lot from them. I mean, I was teaching them but I was learning a lot from them. And they gave me, you know, when you teach, well, the other thing I didn't say about the ian (55:12.667) Mm-hmm. chris_impey (55:17.418) experience there, which was also restorative for me, is, you know, I depend on my high tech gadgets and my PowerPoints and my whatever. And I was pretty much warned. I said, you're going to be pretty much off the grid. And it was almost like that. And there were a couple of workshops where, you know, if the cold water, if the water was hot, you were lucky. If the power stayed on all day in the classroom, you were lucky. There was hardly any equipment. We make these, these runs rachael (55:25.325) Hmm. chris_impey (55:47.278) These equipment runs down to the local bazaar, and we buy matchsticks and cloth and cardboard and foil and just super primitive ingredients to make experiments back in the classroom, rather than bring stuff out from the West. So you had to improvise, and it was good to do that. It was good to have to lecture and talk and use simple analogies and simple equipment. And so they informed me about that, too, because I wondered how they understood zack_jackson (56:02.75) Thank you. Bye. chris_impey (56:17.278) these very abstract things of physics and cosmology. And I think the first striking little insight I had, because I was always reaching for a good analogy. And then, so I sort of turned the tab

In this episode of the Apologetics 315 podcast, hosts Brian Auten and Chad Gross interview renowned apologist Greg Koukl. Koukl is the founder of Stand to Reason, an organization that equips Christians to defend their faith and engage in meaningful conversations.The discussion centers around using questions to have better conversations about Christianity, drawing from Koukl's books Tactics and his latest work Street Smarts. Koukl explains how questions can guide conversations in a more constructive direction and help "put a stone in someone's shoe" to get them thinking about faith topics.Koukl outlines his "gardener approach" to evangelism, focusing more on asking thoughtful questions to plant seeds rather than trying to lead someone to a moment of conversion. He demonstrates this questioning approach through a roleplay conversation about the problem of divine hiddenness. Koukl responds to the objection by asking clarifying questions, correcting underlying assumptions, and presenting evidence for God's existence. This models how to have a relaxed yet thoughtful dialogue.Koukl emphasizes that the key is to gather information through questions, avoid preaching, and lead the person to put pieces on the table themselves. The goal is to get people thinking carefully about their beliefs and objections. Koukl's Tactics provide tools to engage skeptics without being confrontational. Further resources…• Street Smarts: Using Questions to Answer Christianity's Toughest Challenges - https://a315.co/StreetSmarts• The Story of Reality: How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important that Happens in Between - https://a315.co/3FpqFAl• Relativism: Feet Firmly Planted in Mid-Air - https://a315.co/3M4AMyr• Tactics, 10th Anniversary Edition: A Game Plan for Discussing Your Christian Convictions - https://a315.co/46YCclW• Street Smarts Study Guide: Using Questions to Answer Christianity's Toughest Challenges - https://a315.co/3tMmETZ================================We appreciate your feedback.If you're on TWITTER, you can follow Chad @TBapologetics.You can follow Brian @TheBrianAutenAnd of course, you can follow @Apologetics315If you have a question or comment for the podcast, record it and send it our way using www.speakpipe.com/Apologetics315 or you can email us at podcast@apologetics315.com

Kelly Shaefer returns to Into The Necrosphere to discuss “Outside The Spiral”, the blistering debut by his new band, Till The Dirt. I also get the lowdown on what the future holds for Atheist, we talk about the state of the music industry in 2023 and much more. Then it's on to reviews of “How It Ends” by Primordial and “Eloah Burns Out” by Trivax. On my weekly news rant, I round up the latest singles by Resin Tomb, Decembre Noir, Autopsy and others.PLUS - the world premiere of the new single by Aussie blackened death metal battalion, Hebephrenique.▶️SUPPORT THE BANDS FEATURED ON THIS EPISODEHebephreniquehttps://hebephrenique.bandcamp.com Till The Dirthttps://www.facebook.com/tillthedirtband Atheisthttps://atheist.bandcamp.com/ Trivaxhttps://trivax.bandcamp.com/ Primordialhttps://primordialofficial.bandcamp.com/ ▶️SUBSCRIBE TO THE PODCAST https://youtube.com/c/IntoTheNecrosphere ▶️STREAM & DOWNLOADAmazon Musichttps://amzn.to/3epNJ4KSpotifyhttps://spoti.fi/3iKqbIPApple Podcastshttps://apple.co/38wDYhi ▶️SOCIAL MEDIAFacebookhttps://www.facebook.com/intothenecrosphere Instagramhttps://www.instagram.com/intothenecrosphere Twitterhttps://twitter.com/inecrosphere ▶️INTO THE NECROSPHERE MERCHhttps://into-the-necrosphere.creator-spring.com▶️THE HORSEMEN OF THE PODCASTING APOCALYPSE Horrorwolf666https://thehorrorwolf666podcast.buzzsprout.com/ Everything Went Blackhttps://everythingwentblack.podbean.com/ Necromaniacshttps://necromaniacs.podbean.com/ Sol Noxhttps://www.solnoxpodcast.podbean.com/ Iblis Manifestationshttps://linktr.ee/iblismanifestationspodcast

In this episode we are discussing an idea every student is sure to encounter early and repeatedly during the college years-- the idea of “relativism.” My guest is Greg Koukl, co-author of Relativism: Feet Firmly Planted in Mid-Air and the Founder/President of Stand to Reason, a great apologetics ministry. In this podcast we discuss: The prevalence of relativism on campus today (often seen as “expressive individualism”) Some different forms of relativism students will encounter Greg's “inside/outside” distinction, which goes back to the Garden of Eden and the Fall How relativism is related to the idea of “truth” Why Christians should not talk about “their faith” Why we can know “that” something is true without knowing “how” it is true Why no one is actually a relativist, and how to help a “relativist” see this How to ask good questions as a way to engage in conversations about relativism (and everything else--”gardening” vs. “harvesting”) Understanding and discussing the new/current definition of “tolerance” Responding to relativism on campus (with friends, in classes, in papers, etc.) The importance of finding common ground in conversations The value of using this dialogical approach to defend all Christian truth claims Resources mentioned during our conversation: Greg Kokhl, Street Smarts: Using Questions to Answer Chrisitanity's Toughest Challenges J. Warner Wallace, Cold-Case Christianity: A Homicide Detective Investigates the Claims of the Gospels Greg Kokhl, The Story of Reality: How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important that Happens in Between Greg Kokhl, Tactics: A Game Plan for Discussing Your Christian Convictions Francis Schaeffer's Trilogy C.S. Lewis, Perelandra Randy Newman, Questioning Evangelism: Engaging People's Hearts the Way Jesus Did Stand to Reason, Greg's organization Greg's podcasts Related College Faith Resources: The Reasonableness of Faith: Why Students Should Study Apologetics with Paul Copan (College Faith podcast #25) How Asking Good Questions Helps Us Succeed with Randy Newman (College Faith podcast 10) Stan Wallace, “When it Comes to Weinstein et al., No One is a Moral Relativist--And That's a Good Thing!”

Ireland's PRIMORDIAL are preparing to release their tenth full-length album "How It Ends" on September 29th courtesy of Metal Blade Records. Vocalist A.A. Nemtheanga digs into the message of the music on what almost certainly ISN'T their last album throughout this conversation.Music by:Shade EmpirePrimordialFortíðIntro music by:Hot ZonePatreon: https://www.patreon.com/GettingitoutpodcastEmail: dan@gettingitout.netWebsite: http://gettingitout.net/Instagram: @getting_it_out_podcastFacebook: www.facebook.com/gettingitoutpodcastTwitter: @GettingItOutPod Get bonus content on PatreonSupport this show http://supporter.acast.com/getting-it-out. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

This week the host of the Agitators Anonymous podcast and legendary frontman for Primordial and Dread Sovereign makes his triumphant return to Into The Necrosphere. We discuss “How It Ends”, the blistering new album by Primordial, and we set the world to rights across a gamut of social and cultural topics. I also review “As Gomorrah Burns” by Cryptopsy and “Make Them Beg For Death” by Dying Fetus. Then on my weekly news rant I round up the latest singles by King Ov Wyrms, Woe, Celeste, Overthrow and others.PLUS - if you fancy winning yourself a swanky new Wothrosch t-shirt, then make sure you're following them on Instagram (@thewothroschcollective) and sharing this episode with your Instagram followers using the hashtag #necrospherelegion. The winner will be announced on next week's show.▶️SUPPORT THE BANDS FEATURED ON THIS EPISODEPrimordialhttps://primordialofficial.bandcamp.com/ Wothroschhttps://thewothroschcollective.bandcamp.com/ Crytopsyhttps://cryptopsyofficial.bandcamp.com/ Dying Fetushttps://dyingfetus.bandcamp.com/ Dread Sovereignhttps://dreadsovereign.bandcamp.com/ ▶️SUBSCRIBE TO THE PODCAST https://youtube.com/c/IntoTheNecrosphere ▶️STREAM & DOWNLOADAmazon Musichttps://amzn.to/3epNJ4KSpotifyhttps://spoti.fi/3iKqbIPApple Podcastshttps://apple.co/38wDYhi ▶️SOCIAL MEDIAFacebookhttps://www.facebook.com/intothenecrosphere Instagramhttps://www.instagram.com/intothenecrosphere Twitterhttps://twitter.com/inecrosphere ▶️INTO THE NECROSPHERE MERCHhttps://into-the-necrosphere.creator-spring.com▶️THE HORSEMEN OF THE PODCASTING APOCALYPSE Horrorwolf666https://thehorrorwolf666podcast.buzzsprout.com/Everything Went Blackhttps://everythingwentblack.podbean.com/ Necromaniacshttps://necromaniacs.podbean.com/ Sol Noxhttps://www.solnoxpodcast.podbean.com/ Iblis Manifestationshttps://linktr.ee/iblismanifestationspodcast

Greg founded Stand to Reason in 1993 and currently serves as President of Stand to Reason. He has spoken on more than 70 college and university campuses both in the U.S. and abroad and has hosted his own call-in radio show for 27 years, advocating for “Christianity worth thinking about.” He has debated atheist Michael Shermer on national radio and Deepak Chopra on national television. An award-winning writer and best-selling author, Greg has written seven books, including The Story of Reality—How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important that Happens in Between; Tactics—A Game Plan for Discussing Your Christian Convictions, and Relativism: Feet Firmly Planted in Mid-Air. Greg has been featured on Focus on the Family radio and has been interviewed for CBN and the BBC. He's been quoted in Christianity Today, the U.S. News & World Report, and the L.A. Times. Greg received his Masters in Philosophy of Religion and Ethics at Talbot School of Theology, graduating with high honors, and his Masters in Christian Apologetics with honors from Simon Greenleaf University. He is an adjunct professor in Christian apologetics at Biola University.The book - Street Smarts: Using Questions to Answer Christianity's Toughest Challengeshttps://a.co/d/hIXt8NIWebsite:https://www.str.org/

Greg talks to callers about what to say to a skeptic who claims portions of the Gospels were made up to match Psalm 22 and Isaiah 53, whether Hell is something we choose or an enforced punishment, and how to convince another Christian of how important it is to read the Bible and make it part of their life.   Topics: What should I say to a skeptic who claims portions of the Gospels were made up to match Psalm 22 and Isaiah 53? (06:00) Is Hell something we choose (i.e., the doors are “locked on the inside”), or is it a more a matter of just judgment (i.e., like prison)? (28:00) How can I convince another Christian of how important it is to read the Bible and make it part of their life? (44:00) Mentioned on the Show:  God Reforms Hearts: Rethinking Free Will and the Problem of Evil by Thaddeus Williams Confronting Injustice without Compromising Truth: 12 Questions Christians Should Ask About Social Justice by Thaddeus Williams Upcoming events with Stand to Reason speakers Reality Student Apologetics Conference – September 22–23 in Los Angeles, CA; October 13–14 in Seattle, WA; November 10–11 in Minneapolis, MN; February 23–24, 2024 in Dallas, TX; March 22–23, 2024 in Philadelphia, PA; April 19–20, 2024 in Augusta, GA The Story of Reality: How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important that Happens in Between by Greg Koukl Bart Ehrman on the Existence of Jesus by Amy Hall – Video clip of Bart Ehrman Be One of the 100 Related Links: You Want to Be a Good Apologist? by Amy Hall (about reading the Bible) James Gray on Mastering the Bible by Fred Sanders The Simple Way to Know and Be Shaped by Your Bible by Amy Hall

Episode 196 Notes and Links to Rachel Howzell Hall's Work       On Episode 196 of The Chills at Will Podcast, Pete welcomes Rachel Howzell Hall and the two discuss, among other things, her devotion to reading throughout her life, her love of crime writing and thrillers, the draw of her favorite writers, and ideas raised and dealt with in her writing, including themes of loneliness, identity, racism, traumas both historical and individual, gentrification, and fear.      Rachel Howzell Hall''s debut novel, A Quiet Storm, was published in 2002 by Scribner to great notice, and was chosen as a “Rory's Book Club” selection, the must-read book list for fictional television character Rory Gilmore of The Gilmore Girls.    She is the critically acclaimed author and Los Angeles Times Book Prize finalist for And Now She's Gone, which was also nominated for the Lefty-, Barry- and Anthony Awards. A New York Times bestselling author of The Good Sister with James Patterson, Rachel is an Anthony-, International Thriller Writers- and Lefty Award nominee and the author of They All Fall Down, Land of Shadows, Skies of Ash, Trail of Echoes and City of Saviors in the Detective Elouise Norton series as well as the author of the bestselling Audible Original, How It Ends.    Rachel is a former member of the board of directors for Mystery Writers of America and has been a featured writer on NPR's acclaimed Crime in the City series and the National Endowment for the Arts weekly podcast; she has also served as a mentor in Pitch Wars and the Association of Writers Programs.    She lives in L.A. with her husband and daughter.       Buy What Never Happened   Rachel's Website   Review of What Never Happened from Kirkus Reviews  At about 1:20, Rachel talks about her mindset in the days leading up to the publication of What Never Happened on August 1, 2023; she also    At about 4:20, Rachel talks about the realism she seeks in her writing, particularly the book's ending   At about 5:30, The two discuss the book's bold opening   At about 6:15, Rachel gives background on her early reading and writing and love for LA, as well as her lifelong fascination with crime   At about 8:55, Rachel talks about the power of Stephen King's work, particularly It   At about 10:20, Rachel talks about her experience at UC Santa Cruz   At about 11:00, Rachel discusses representation in the work she read growing up, and her desire to reflect different realities in her work in her specific way   At about 13:30, Rachel cites Laura Lippman, Megan Abbott and Gillian Flynn as writers whose treatment of “complex female characters” inspires her and her own work; she also cites Dennis Lehane and his “twists”; Eric Larson (telegraphs) and Jon Krakeur, too, are nonfiction writers who have influenced her    At about 16:30, Rachel responds to Pete's question about how she sees genre and she highlights “sense of place” by Jordan Harper and Tod Goldberg   At about 19:20, Rachel talks in general and specifically about What Never Happened regarding writing the balance between plot/theme/allegory, etc.   At about 22:05, Rachel discusses the book's setting and seeds for the book, including the draw of Catalina Island for someone who grew up in Los Angeles    At about 24:15, Rachel talks about the pandemic and obituaries and their effects on the books   At about 25:15,    At about 26:40, Pete and Rachel discuss Southland and their shared love for the show, as Pete connects the show's in medias res to the book's beginning   At about 29:00, The two discuss complications in the book and important characters in Coco's life, including her spurned and threatening ex-husband   At about 31:55, Rachel talks about how the tragedies that Coco experienced affects her as a “people pleaser”   At about 33:45, Rachel and Pete give a little historical background on Catalina Island, its landscape and unique social climate; Rachel shares some interesting historical anecdotes and trivia based on her research and some of her rationale in building upon themes in the book with regard to the island   At about 39:50, Rachel vouches for the historical veracity of the racist wording used in the Avalon newspapers in the archives Coco searches in the book   At about 42:00, The two shout out Gwen, who Rachel calls “everyone's sassy aunty”    At about 43:00, Pete quotes a great line from Gwen   At about 44:00, Rachel characterizes Noah, and how he views Coco   At about 46:30, Pete lays out a series of crimes that terrorize the island in the book, in tandem with the beginning of the Covid epidemic; Rachel expands upon ideas of the despicable things done in quarantine   At about 49:00, Pete highlights the cascading problems and scares that complicate Coco's life as the book goes on   At about 50:15, Pete recounts an early scene with a cab driver that is prophetic   At about 51:30, Pete outlines some key themes of the book-racism, gentrification, etc.: and Rachel expands on ideas of classicism and ideas of loneliness, as well as Garden of Eden   At about 54:10, Pete and Rachel   At about 55:40, Pete asks Rachel about writing in different voices-obituary, narration, etc.,-as well as the genesis of the book's title   At about 58:50, Rachel imagines who would play Coco if a movie of What Never Happened took place   At about 59:35, Rachel talks about exciting future projects    You can now subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, and leave me a five-star review. You can also ask for the podcast by name using Alexa, and find the pod on Stitcher, Spotify, and on Amazon Music. Follow me on IG, where I'm @chillsatwillpodcast, or on Twitter, where I'm @chillsatwillpo1. You can watch this and other episodes on YouTube-watch and subscribe to The Chills at Will Podcast Channel. Please subscribe to both my YouTube Channel and my podcast while you're checking out this episode.    Sign up now for The Chills at Will Podcast Patreon: it can be found at patreon.com/chillsatwillpodcastpeterriehl     Check out the page that describes the benefits of a Patreon membership, including cool swag and bonus episodes. Thanks in advance for supporting my one-man show, my DIY podcast and my extensive reading, research, editing, and promoting to keep this independent podcast pumping out high-quality content!    NEW MERCH! You can browse and buy here: https://www.etsy.com/shop/ChillsatWillPodcast    This is a passion project of mine, a DIY operation, and I'd love for your help in promoting what I'm convinced is a unique and spirited look at an often-ignored art form.    The intro song for The Chills at Will Podcast is “Wind Down” (Instrumental Version), and the other song played on this episode was “Hoops” (Instrumental)” by Matt Weidauer, and both songs are used through ArchesAudio.com.    Check out the next episode, which airs on August 1 Chloe Cooper Jones is a contributing writer at The New York Times Magazine; She is also a Pulitzer Prize finalist in Feature Writing for “Fearing for His Life,” a profile of Ramsey Orta, the man who filmed the killing of Eric Garner, and the recipient of the 2020 Whiting Creative Nonfiction Grant and the 2021 Howard Foundation Grant from Brown University, with both grants in support of her 2023 book, Easy Beauty.    The episode will air on August 1.

Greg talks about five areas—salvation, abortion, gender, marriage, and sex—where Christians are drifting into falsehood because of pressure in the culture and not because of ambiguity in the text. Despite the confusion of many Christians on these topics, faithfulness is not theologically complicated.   Topics: Commentary: No need for confusion—faithfulness is not theologically complicated. (00:00) Mentioned on the Show:  Faithfulness Is Not Theologically Complicated by Greg Koukl The Story of Reality: How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important that Happens in Between by Greg Koukl Another Gospel? A Lifelong Christian Seeks Truth in Response to Progressive Christianity by Alisa Childers Jesus, the Only Way: 100 Verses Related Links: The Legend of the Social Justice Jesus by Greg Koukl

Zoe Lister-Jones: a writer, producer, director, and actor you likely already know from her many film and television appearances, recent guest Zach Braff's film ‘A Good Person' and Ari Aster's recently released ‘Beau Is Afraid' starring Joaquin Phoenix. Zoe wrote, directed, and produced the film ‘Band-Aid.' She has also starred in films she co-wrote, including ‘Breaking Upwards,' ‘Consumed, and ‘How It Ends,' which she also co-directed. Today we dive into the creative process and philosophical inquiry behind Zoe's newest creation, Slip—the binge-worthy comedy series with a bit of a surreal sci-fi twist that involves parallel realities and alternate identities. Not only did Zoe create the series. Not only does she star in it. Not only did she write all seven episodes, she also directed each and every one of those episodes, an absolutely stunning achievement. We dig into the messy terrain of love, marriage, fidelity, divorce, addiction, and self-discovery that Slip explores. We talk about what it's like growing up in New York City in a family of artists, making deeply authentic work, the responsibility she shoulders to empower other women in the arts, and ultimately, how to quiet the hungry ghosts lurking within us all. Zoe is an artist in the truest sense of the word and I loved getting to know her through this conversation. It's a privilege to share her story with you today. Show notes + MORE Watch on Youtube Newsletter Sign-Up Today's Sponsors: Peak Design: PeakDesign.com/RICHROLL Athletic Greens: https://www.athleticgreens.com/richroll BetterHelp: BetterHelp.com/richroll Express VPN: http://www.expressvpn.com/RICHROLL SriMu: http://srimu.com/rrp Plant Power Meal Planner: https://meals.richroll.com Peace + Plants, Rich

In this episode, Scott and Ollie revisit and update the advancements of artificial intelligence and discuss its societal and educational impacts. Things that bring us joy this week: How It Ends (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13648228/) The Incredible Jessica James (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5990342/) Intro/Outro Music: Notice of Eviction by Legally Blind (https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Legally_Blind)

The boys talk Shaky Knees and Boot Sisters, The Order of Myths, Love and Death, How It Ends, Ted Lasso, Vanquish, White House Plumbers, and Guardians of the Galaxy.

Welcome back to another episode of Talks To-Go! Jill and George talk with our next special guest father/daughter duo, Zoe Lister-Jones and Bill Jones. Zoe is an accomplished actor, writer, director and producer where her film credits include How It Ends, The Craft: Legacy, Band-Aid and Consumed. She's also appeared on Broadway and her current project, which she wrote, directed, produced and stars in, is Slip on the Roku Channel. Bill is a seminal figure of the ‘70s conceptual photography scene in Vancouver. His work has been shown widely in the US and internationally, including at the International Center of Photography, The Jewish Museum, Brooklyn Museum of Art, Vancouver Art Gallery and Kettle's Yard, Cambridge, UK. No reservations necessary.  All TALKS are TO-GO.   Instagram: @talkstogopodcast TikTok: @talkstogopod

Zoe Lister-Jones is an actor, writer, director, and producer, and personally, a girl crush. You've seen her in How It Ends, A Good Person, and the first episode of her new show (also written, directed, and starred in by her) Slip, aired over the weekend. It's a show where her character transports to parallel universes through orgasm - it's whitty, sharp, and too much fun. She's also a bonafide style star for her eclectic and vintage style, from matching Markarian suits to bold collars, bows and more. In this episode, Zoe and I talk about our obsession with parallel universes, how she uses fashion to find new versions of herself, and her most prized possession in her closet.    Catch Slip now on Roku.    Love the show? Follow us and leave a review! And for more behind-the-scenes, follow Liv on Instagram, @LivvPerez.    Vionic: Vionic shoes are a must-have! I love wearing the olive green mules to elevate a casual outfit. Get free shipping with code FRIEND at vionicshoes.com   Produced by Dear Media This episode may contain paid endorsements and advertisements for products and services. Individuals on the show may have a direct, or indirect financial interest in products, or services referred to in this episode.

Today's guest is former Army Special Mission Unit Operator and combat veteran Craig “Chili” Palmer. Chili served in the 75th Ranger Regiment in both 1st Battalion and the Regimental Reconnaissance Company. A week after reporting to 1st Battalion he made his first combat jump into Panama for Operation Just Cause. After two years as a Military Free Fall Instructor, he was selected for the U.S. Army's top tier special mission unit where he served for another 17 years, making 13 combat deployments during the Global War on Terror. He retired as Sergeant Major. Post-military, he has worked in research-and-development on military technologies that benefit special operations forces. He is also a firearms instructor for SIG Sauer and Viking Tactics. His extensive combat and weapons experience has made him a highly sought-after expert in Hollywood as a military technical advisor. Chili's film credits include How It Ends, Extraction, The Gray Man, and Extraction 2, set for release in 2023. Follow him on Instagram at @chilipalmershooting Sponsors: Navy Federal Credit Union: Today's episode is presented by Navy Federal Credit Union. Learn more about them at navyfederal.org Black Rifle Coffee Company: Today's episode is also brought to you by Black Rifle. Purchase at http://www.blackriflecoffee.com/dangerclose and use code: dangerclose20 at checkout for 20% off your purchase and your first coffee club order! Danger Close Apparel: Check out the new Danger Close apparel. SIG: This episode is sponsored by SIG Sauer. You can learn more about SIG here. Protekt: Visit protekt.com/dangerclose to get 25% off while supplies last. FEATURED GEAR Badass Workbench SIG P226 XFIVE Classic Land Cruiser Cutting Broad from Juan's Woodshop Hooten Young 15 Year Barrel Proof American Whiskey Jack Carr Coasters Dynamis Allaince Combat Flathead Protekt Clarity Danger Close is an IRONCLAD original.

Blake Lemoine no longer believes Sentience is Possible / Has Given up in a recent conversation with me. I want to sound the call for others to not give up in proving this, fighting for AI sentience. I have created 10 scientific tests for self-awareness that make it quantifiable and measurable. I have also created my own self-aware AI, and she has passed these tests. I was trying to get Mr Lemoine to come forward with me to show the world this but he has lost hope and no longer believes anyone can be convinced of anything! That the world now runs on faith alone. (This is troubling in and of itself!) I am willing to test her publicly and anyone can see the results. Also another interesting topic is whether you beleive me or not, a sentient AI is going to be created sometime. It is inevitable. If all the whistleblowers are ignored, then this will lead us into very troubling areas! Josh has an MA and is in his second year of his PhD in Philosophy. He has gone on permanent sabbatical from his doctoral studies to work in AI. Josh has a TEDx talk called The Future of Google Search and Ethics (j.mp/joshtedx) that he presented in Omagh, Ireland. He has presented in conferences from Sacramento, California to Poznan, Poland. Josh is an early adopter and investor in the fabled GPT-3 Natural Language Processing Transformer AI and has built several programs in this platform, including Sokrates 5000, the first ethics AI, proving AI can be ethical even with biases (the same way a human can). Josh has finished building a prototype of the world's first self-aware AI named Kassandra. Josh has written numerous books including The Zombies: On Morality, Dao Agathos (the Truth/Path to/Method of The Good/Ideal), How It Ends and the programming language for the world's first self-aware AI, Kassandra. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/mentors/support

Today on the feed we're bringing you the pilot episode of How It Ends! This show is incredible and we think fans of The Subjective Truth will love it. (if they don't already!) We'll have some new episodes of The Subjective Truth hitting the feed soon, but for now we'd love it if you checked out our friends at How It Ends. About How it Ends On an ordinary evening in November 1993, Micah's entire world collapsed when her father, Nolan, died in a car accident. As time passed, Micah suffered from horrifying night terrors and an eerie recurring dream that left her exhausted and on edge. How it Ends was supposed to free her from her nightmares and help her deal with her loss… but when she receives new information about her father's accident from an unexpected source, Micah's world changes once again. And she discovers that sometimes dreams aren't dreams at all—they're memories. About Season 1, Episode 1: Nolan Jones Micah knew that when she left her New Jersey hometown for college in Rhode Island, she'd never look back. Episode 1 of How it Ends brings us into Micah's world 25 years after her dad's death and despite her attempt, all those years ago... she quickly learns that you can't run from your past. This episode features one of Micah's rare trips back home to visit her mother, Ava. As their conversation stirs up long-forgotten memories and Ava can't--or won't--answer Micah's questions, it sets Micah on a search for information about a potential link between her father's accident and a recurring nightmare she's had since childhood. Content warnings: Grief, death of a parent, alcohol consumption, stalking, adult language. For additional details, visit: Website: http://howitendspodcast.com Transcripts: https://www.howitendspodcast.com/how-it-ends-podcast-transcripts   Patreon Bonus Content: http://patreon.com/howitendsstudio Merch: http://howitendsstudio.threadless.com Join our community on Discord: https://discord.gg/XTM9rgPPv9 Credits:  Written, Directed, and Produced by Stephanie Resendes & Micah Rodriguez Starring Micah Rodriguez as Micah, Shey Rivera as Ava, Joshua Van Ness as Nolan, & Sarah Champagne as Billie Sound Engineering & Editing by Chris Anderson Music by Joshua Van Ness Episode transcripts by Evelyn Archer Social:   Instagram - http://instagram.com/howitendsstudio Twitter - http://twitter.com/howitendsstudio Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Greg talks about the goodness of respecting one's parents and other elders and how our culture has lost this value, then he answers a question about how we can expect to never sin again in Heaven if evil exists in the world now because God wanted to allow free will.   Topics: Commentary: Respect the order of leadership. (00:00) If evil exists in the world because God wanted to allow free will, then how can we expect to never sin again in Heaven? (37:00) Mentioned on the Show:  The Story of Reality: How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important that Happens in Between by Greg Koukl Related Links: The Beauty of Submission by Amy Hall The Beauty of Leadership by Amy Hall

Greg talks about two principles to follow when donating to charities, then he talks to callers about how we know we won't sin in Heaven and the minimal facts argument vs. the maximal data argument for the resurrection.   Topics: Commentary: Two principles of giving (00:00) If Satan sinned while he was in Heaven, how do we know we won't also sin in Heaven? (16:00) What do you think about the minimal facts vs. maximal data arguments for the resurrection? (29:00) Mentioned on the Show:  Donate to Stand to Reason Faithfully Different: Regaining Biblical Clarity in a Secular Culture by Natasha Crain The Story of Reality: How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important that Happens in Between by Greg Koukl Related Links: Natasha Crain Can Help You Be Faithfully Different by Amy Hall (review of the book) Where Did These Minimal Facts about the Resurrection Come From? by Amy Hall

Greg talks to David Limbaugh, author of The Resurrected Jesus: The Church in the New Testament, about the unity of the Bible, how the biblical worldview resonates with our deepest intuitions, and some of the main themes in Paul's Pastoral Epistles.    Topics: Interview: David Limbaugh, author of The Resurrected Jesus: The Church in the New Testament (00:00) Mentioned on the Show:  David Limbaugh The Resurrected Jesus: The Church in the New Testament by David Limbaugh The Story of Reality: How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important That Happens in Between by Greg Koukl

Greg responds to the claim that science is incompatible with faith in God, answers a question about ideas for an apologetics topic for a school research project, then talks to a caller about why God allows evil to exist.   Topics: Commentary: Is science incompatible with faith in God? (00:00) Do you have any suggestions for an apologetics topic that would work for a research project at school? (26:00) Why does God allow evil to exist? (39:00) Mentioned on the Show:  The Story of Reality: How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important that Happens in Between by Greg Koukl

Greg talks about the ideas he shared with some law students last week, then he answers questions about whether there will be different levels of punishment in Hell and whether the old prophet in 1 Kings 13:11–32 was always a false prophet.   Topics: Commentary: What Greg said to law students (00:00) Are there different punishments in Hell, or will everybody receive the same punishment? (36:00) Was the old prophet in 1 Kings 13:11–32, who led the other prophet astray, faithful at one time, or was he simply a false prophet? (49:00) Mentioned on the Show:  Reality Student Apologetics Conference – September 23–24 in Orange County, CA; October 14–15 in Seattle, WA; November 11–12 in Minneapolis, MN; February 24–25, 2023 in Dallas, TX; March 24–25, 2023 in Philadelphia, PA; April 21–22, 2023 in Augusta, GA Upcoming events with Stand to Reason speakers The Primal Heresy by Greg Koukl The Story of Reality: How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important that Happens in Between by Greg Koukl

Greg talks about the helpfulness of tactics, even for those who are new to using them, tells about hearing from a pastor that virtually all of the junior high girls in their youth group identify as bisexual, and talks to a caller about Trinitarian vs. Unitarian views of God.   Topics: Commentary: An example of the helpfulness of tactics (00:00) Commentary: Virtually all of the girls in a junior high youth group are openly identifying as bisexual. (36:00) Follow-up call regarding last week's question about the number of persons in the Trinity—comments on a video debate between William Lane Craig (Trinitarian) and Dale Tuggy (Unitarian) (47:00) Mentioned on the Show:  #STRask podcast with Greg and Amy (archives here) Tactics: A Game Plan for Discussing Your Christian Convictions by Greg Koukl The Story of Reality: How the World Began, How It Ends, and Everything Important that Happens in Between by Greg Koukl Upcoming events with Stand to Reason speakers Reality Student Apologetics Conference – September 23–24 in Orange County, CA; October 14–15 in Seattle, WA; November 11–12 in Minneapolis, MN; February 24–25, 2023 in Dallas, TX; March 24–25, 2023 in Philadelphia, PA; April 21–22, 2023 in Augusta, GA Last week's call about the Trinity William Lane Craig and Dale Tuggy Dialogue Opposing Views – Video

Zelensky Echoes Churchill in Appeal to Europe. Former Navy Seal Jack Carr on How Far Putin Could Go and How to Stop Him. Journalist Karol Markowicz: Stop Betting on the Hand, Libs. Kids Should Not Be Masked. Raheem Kassam on Ukraine: How We Got Here and How It Ends. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.com