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Dr. Pedro Barata and Dr. Rana McKay discuss the integration of innovative advances in molecular imaging and therapeutics to personalize treatment for patients with renal cell and urothelial carcinomas. TRANSCRIPT Dr. Pedro Barata: Hello, I'm Dr. Pedro Barata, your guest host of By the Book, a podcast series featuring insightful conversations between authors and editors of the ASCO Educational Book. I'm a medical oncologist at University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center and an associate professor of medicine at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. I'm also an associate editor of the ASCO Educational Book. Now, we all know the field of genitourinary cancers (GU) is evolving quite rapidly, and we have new innovations in molecular imaging as well as targeted therapeutics. Today's episode will be exploring novel approaches that are transforming the management of renal cell and urothelial carcinomas and also their potential to offer a more personalized treatment to patients. For that, joining for today's discussion is Dr. Rana McKay, a GU medical oncologist and professor at University of California San Diego. Dr. McKay will discuss her recently published article titled, “Emerging Paradigms in Genitourinary Cancers: Integrating Molecular Imaging, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Targeted Therapies, and Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Renal Cell and Urothelial Carcinomas.”  Our full disclosures are available in the transcript of this episode.  And with that, Rana McKay, great to have you on the podcast today. Dr. Rana McKay: Oh, thank you so much, Dr. Barata. It's really wonderful to be here with you. So, thanks for hosting. Dr. Pedro Barata: No, thanks for taking the time, and I'm looking forward to this conversation. And by the way, let me start by saying congrats on a great article in the Educational Book. Really super helpful paper. I'm recommending it to a lot of the residents and fellows at my own institution. I would like to first ask you to kind of give our listeners some context of how novel approaches in the molecular imaging as well as targeted therapeutics are actually changing the way we're managing patients with GU, but specifically with renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma. So, what are the areas you would call out as like being big areas for innovation in this context, and why are they important? Dr. Rana McKay: Very good question. And I think this is really what this article highlights. It highlights where are we going from an imaging diagnostics standpoint? Where are we going from a therapeutic standpoint? And I think if we have to step back, from the standpoint of diagnostics, we've seen PET imaging really transform diagnostics in prostate cancer with the advent of PSMA PET imaging, and now PSMA PET imaging is used as a biomarker for selection for theranostics therapy. And so, we're starting to see that enter into the RCC landscape, enter into the urothelial cancer landscape to a lesser extent. And I think it's going to potentially be transformative as these tools get more refined. I think when we think about therapeutics, what's been transformative most recently in the renal cell carcinoma landscape has been the advent of HIF2α inhibition to improve outcomes for patients. And we have seen the approval of belzutifan most recently that has reshaped the landscape. And now there's other HIF2α inhibitors that are being developed that are going to be further important as they get refined. And lastly, I think when we think about urothelial carcinoma, the greatest transformation to treatment in that context has been the displacement of cisplatin and platinum-based chemotherapy as a frontline standard with the combination of enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab. And we've seen antibody-drug conjugates really reshape treatment and tremendously improve outcomes for patients. So, I think those are the three key areas of interest. Dr. Pedro Barata: So with that, let's focus first on the imaging and then we'll get to the therapeutic area. So, we know there's been a paradigm shift, really, when prostate-specific targets emerged as tracers for PET scanning. And so, we now commonly use prostate-specific membrane antigen, or PSMA-based PET scanning, and really transform how we manage prostate cancer. Now, it appears that we're kind of seeing a similar wave in renal cell carcinoma with the new radiotracer against the target carbonic anhydrase IX. What can you tell us about this? And is this going to be available to us anytime soon? And how do you think that might potentially change the way we're managing patients with RCC today? Dr. Rana McKay: First, I'll step back and say that in the context of PSMA PET imaging, we have actually been able to better understand RCC as well. So, we know that PSMA is expressed in the neovasculature of tumors, and it can actually be used to detect renal cell carcinoma tumors. It has a detection rate of about 84% when used for detection. And so, you know, I don't think it's just restricted to carbonic anhydrase IX, but we will talk about that. So, PSMA expressed in the neovasculature has a detection rate of around 84%, particularly if we're looking at clear cell RCC. CAlX is overexpressed in clear cell RCC, and it's actually used in diagnosing renal cell carcinoma when we think of CAlX IHC for diagnosing clear cell RCC. And now there are CAlX PET tracers. The first foray was with the ZIRCON study that was actually an interestingly designed study because it was designed to detect the likelihood of PET imaging to identify clear cell RCC. So, it was actually used in the early diagnostics setting when somebody presents with a renal mass to discriminate that renal mass from a clear cell versus a non-clear cell, and it was a positive study. But when I think about the potential application for these agents, you know, I think about the entire landscape of renal cell carcinoma. This is a disease that we do treat with metastasis-directed therapy. We have certainly seen patients who've undergone metastasectomy have long, durable remissions from such an approach. And I think if we can detect very early onset oligometastatic disease where a metastasis-directed therapy or SABR could be introduced - obviously tested in a trial to demonstrate its efficacy - I think it could potentially be transformative. Dr. Pedro Barata: Wonderful. It's a great summary, and I should highlight you are involved in some of those ongoing studies testing the performance of this specific PET scanning for RCC against conventional imaging, right? And to remind the listeners, thus far, for the most part, we don't really do FDG-PET for RCC. There are some specific cases we do, but in general, they're not a standard scanning. But maybe that will change in the future. Maybe RCC will have their own PSMA-PET. And to your point, there's also emerging data about the role of PSMA-PET scanning in RCC as well, as you very elegantly summarized. Wonderful. So, let me shift gears a little bit because you did, in your introduction, you did highlight a novel MOA that we have in renal cell carcinoma, approved for use, initially for VHL disease, and after that for sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. We're talking about hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha inhibitors, or HIF2α inhibitors, such as belzutifan. But there's also others coming up. So, as a way to kind of summarize that, what can you tell us about this breakthrough in terms of therapeutic class, this MOA that got to our toolbox of options for patients with advanced RCC? Tell us a little bit what is being utilized currently in the management of advanced RCC. And where do you see the future going, as far as, is it moving early on? Is it getting monotherapy versus combinations? Maybe other therapies? What are your thoughts about that? What can you tell us about it? Dr. Rana McKay: Belzutifan is a first-in-class HIF2α inhibitor that really established clinical validation for HIF2α as a therapeutic target. When we think about the activity of this agent, the pivotal LITESPARK-005 trial really led to the approval of belzutifan in patients who were really heavily pretreated. It was patients who had received prior IO therapy, patients who had received prior VEGF-targeted therapy. And in the context of this study, we saw a median PFS of 5.6 months, and there did seem to be a tail on the curve when you looked at the 12-month PFS rate with belzutifan. It was 33.7% compared to 17.6% with everolimus. And then when we look at the response rate, it was higher with belzutifan on the order of 22-23%, and very low with everolimus, as we've previously seen. I think one of the Achilles heels of this regimen is the primary PD rate, which was 34% when used in later line. There are multiple studies that are testing belzutifan in combination across the treatment landscape. So, we have LITESPARK-011, which is looking at the combination of belzutifan plus lenvatinib in the second-line setting. We've got the MK-012 [LITESPARK-012] study, which is looking at belzutifan in various combinations in the frontline setting. So there is a combination with IO plus belzutifan. And so this is also being looked at in that context. And then we also have the LITESPARK-022 study, which is looking at pembrolizumab with belzutifan in the adjuvant setting. So there's a series of studies that will be exploring belzutifan really across the treatment landscape. Many of these studies in combination. Additionally, there are other HIF2α inhibitors that are being developed. We have casdatifan, which is another very potent HIF2α inhibitor. You know, I think pharmacologically, these are different agents. There's a different half-life, different dosing. What is going to be the recommended phase 3 dose for both agents, the EPO suppression levels, the degree of EPO suppression, and sustainability of EPO suppression is very different. So, I think we've seen data from casdatifan from the ARC-20 trial from monotherapy with a respectable response rate, over 30%, primary PD rate hovering just around 10%.  And then we've also seen data of the combination of casdatifan with cabozantinib as well that were recently presented this year. And that agent is also being tested across the spectrum of RCC. It's being looked at in combination with cabozantinib in the PEAK-1 study, and actually just at the KCRS (Kidney Cancer Research Summit), we saw the unveiling of the eVOLVE-RCC trial, which is going to be looking at a volrustomig, which is a PD-1/CTLA-4 inhibitor plus casdatifan compared to nivo-ipi in the frontline setting.  So, we're going to see some competition in this space of the HIF2α inhibitors. I think when we think of mechanism of action in that these are very potent, not a lot of off-target activity, and they target a driver mutation in the disease. And that driver mutation happens very early in the pathogenesis. These are going to be positioned much earlier in the treatment landscape. Dr. Pedro Barata: All these studies, as you're saying, look really promising. And when we talk about them, you mentioned a lot of combinations. And to me, when I think of these agents, it makes a lot of sense to combine because there's not a lot of overlapping toxicities, if you will. But perhaps for some of our listeners, who have not used HIF2α inhibitors in practice yet, and they might be thinking about that, what can you tell us about the safety profile? How do you present it to your patients, and how do you handle things like hypoxia or anemia? How do you walk through the safety profile and tolerability profile of those agents like belzutifan? Dr. Rana McKay: I think these drugs are very different than your traditional TKIs, and they don't cause the classic symptoms that are associated with traditional TKIs that many of us are very familiar with like the rash, hand-foot syndrome, hypertension, diarrhea. And honestly, these are very nuanced symptoms that patients really struggle with the chronicity of being on a chronic daily TKI. The three key side effects that I warn patients about with HIF2α inhibitors are: (1) fatigue; (2) anemia; and (3) hypoxia and dysregulation in the ability to sense oxygen levels. And so, many of these side effects - actually, all of them - are very dose-dependent. They can be very well-managed. So, we can start off with the anemia. I think it's critically important before you even start somebody on belzutifan that you are optimizing their hemoglobin and bone marrow function. Make sure they don't have an underlying iron deficiency anemia. Make sure they don't have B12 or folate deficiency. Check for these parameters. Many patients who have kidney cancer may have some hematuria, other things where there could be some low-level blood loss. So, make sure that those are resolved or you're at least addressing them and supplementing people appropriately. I monitor anemia very closely every 3 to 4 weeks, at least, when people start on these medications. And I do initiate EPO, erythropoietin, should the anemia start to worsen. And I typically use a threshold of around 10g/dL  for implementing utilization of an EPO agent, and that's been done very safely in the context of the early studies and phase 3 studies as well. Now, with regards to the hypoxia, I think it's also important to make sure that you're selecting the appropriate individual for this treatment. People who have underlying COPD, or even those individuals who have just a very high burden of disease in their lung, lymphangitic spread, pleural effusions, maybe they're already on oxygen - that's not an ideal candidate for belzutifan. Something that very easily can be done in the clinic before you think about initiating somebody on this treatment, and has certainly been integrated into some of the trials, is just a 6-minute walk test. You know, have the patient walk around the clinic with one of the MAs, one of the nurses, put the O2 sat on [measuring oxygen saturation], make sure they're doing okay. But these side effects, like I said, are very dose-dependent. Typically, if a patient requires, if the symptoms are severe, the therapy can be discontinued and dose reduced. The standing dose is 120 mg daily, and there's two dose reductions to 80 mg and 40 mg should somebody warrant that dose modification. Dr. Pedro Barata: This is relatively new, right? Like, it was not that we're used to checking oxygen levels, right? In general, we're treating these patients, so I certainly think there's a learning curve there, and some of the points that you highlight are truly critical. And I do share many of those as well in our practice. Since I have you, I want to make sure we touch base on antibody-drug conjugates as well. It's also been a hot area, a lot of developments there. When I think of urothelial carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma, I see it a little bit different. I think perhaps in urothelial carcinoma, antibody-drug conjugates, or ADCs, are somewhat established already. You already mentioned enfortumab vedotin. I might ask you to expand a little bit on that. And then in renal cell carcinoma, we have some ADCs as well that you include in your chapter, and that I would like you to tell us what's coming from that perspective. So, tell us a little bit about how do you see ADCs in general for GU tumors, particularly UC and RCC? Tell us a little bit about the complexity or perhaps the challenges you still see. At the same time, tell us about the successes. Dr. Rana McKay: Stepping back, let's just talk about like the principles and design of ADCs. So, most ADCs have three components. There's a monoclonal antibody that typically targets a cell surface antigen, which is conjugated by a linker, which is the second component, to a payload drug. And typically, that payload drug has been chemotherapy, whether it be topoisomerase or whether it be MMAE or other chemotherapeutic. We can start in the RCC space. There's been multiple antibody-drug conjugates that have been tested. There's antibody-drug conjugates to CD70, which is expressed on clear cell RCC. There's been antibody-drug conjugates to ENPP3, which is also expressed on RCC. There's antibody-drug conjugates to CDH6. And they have different payloads, like I said, whether it be topoisomerase I or other microtubule inhibitors. Now, when we think about kidney cancer, we don't treat this disease with chemotherapy. This disease is treated with immunotherapy. It is treated with treatments that target the VEGF pathway and historically has not been sensitive to chemo. So, I think even though the targets have been very exciting, we've seen very underwhelming data regarding activity, and in some context, seen increased toxicity with the ADCs. So, I think we need to tread lightly in the context of the integration and the testing of ADCs in RCC. We just came back from the KCRS meeting, and there was some very intriguing data about a c-Kit ADC that's being developed for chromophobe RCC, which is, you know, a huge unmet need, these variant tumors that really lack appropriate therapeutics. But I just caution us to tread lightly around how can we optimize the payload to make sure that the tumor that we're treating is actually sensitive to the agent that's targeting the cell kill. So, that's a little bit on the ADCs in RCC. I still think we have a long way to go and still in early testing. Now, ADCs for UC are now the standard of care. I think the prototypical agent, enfortumab vedotin, is a nectin-4-directed ADC that's conjugated to an MMAE payload and was the first ADC approved for advanced urothelial, received accelerated approval following the EV-201 trial, which was basically a multicenter, single-arm study that was investigating EV in cisplatin-ineligible patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma, and then ultimately confirmed in the EV-301 study as well. And so, that study ended up demonstrating the support superiority of EV from an overall survival standpoint, even PFS standpoint. Building on that backbone is the EV-302 study, which tested EV in combination with pembrolizumab versus platinum-based chemotherapy in the frontline setting. And that was a pivotal, landmark study that, like I said, has displaced platinum therapy as a frontline treatment for people with advanced urothelial carcinoma. And when we think about that study and the median overall survival and just how far we've come in urothelial cancer, the median OS with EV-pembro from that trial was 31 and a half months. I mean, that's just incredible. The control arm survival was 16 and a half months. The hazard ratio for OS, 0.47. I mean this is why when this data was presented, it was literally a standing ovation that lasted for several minutes because we just haven't seen data that have looked that good. And there are other antibody-drug conjugates that are being tested. We've all been involved in the saga with sacituzumab govitecan, which is a trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) targeted ADC with a topoisomerase I payload. It was the second ADC to receive approval, but then that approval was subsequently withdrawn when the confirmatory phase 3 was negative, the TROPiCS-04 trial. So, approval was granted based off of the TROPHY-U-01, single-arm, phase 2 study, demonstrating a response rate of around 28% and a PFS of, you know, about 5 and a half months. But then failure to show any benefit from an OS standpoint. And I think there's a lot of controversy in the field around whether this agent still has a role in advanced urothelial carcinoma. And I think particularly for individuals who do not have molecular targets, like they're not HER2-amplified or have HER2-positivity or FGFR or other things like that. Dr. Pedro Barata: Fantastic summary, Rana. You were talking about the EV, and it came to mind that it might not be over, right, for the number of ADCs we use in clinical practice in the near future. I mean, we've seen very promising data for ADC against the HER2, right, and over-expression. It also can create some challenges, right, in the clinics because we're asking to test for HER2 expression. It's almost like, it's not exactly the same to do it in breast cancer, but it looks one more time that we're a little bit behind the breast cancer field in a lot of angles. And also has vedotin as a payload. Of course, I'm referring to disitamab vedotin, and there's very elegant data described by you in your review chapter as well. And it's going to be very interesting to see how we sequence the different ADCs, to your point as well. So, before we wrap it up, I just want to give you the opportunity to tell us if there's any area that we have not touched, any take-home points you'd like to bring up for our listeners before we call it a day. Dr. Rana McKay: Thank you so much. I have to say, you know, I was so excited at ASCO this year looking at the GU program. It was fantastic to see the progress being made, novel therapeutics that really there's a tremendous excitement about, not just in RCC and in UC, but also in prostate cancer, thinking about the integration of therapies, not just for people with refractory disease that, even though our goal is to improve survival, our likelihood of cure is low, but also thinking about how do we integrate these therapies early in the treatment landscape to enhance cure rates for patients, which is just really spectacular. We're seeing many of these agents move into the perioperative setting or in combination with radiation for localized disease. And then the special symposium on biomarkers, I mean, we've really come a long, long way. And I think that we're going to continue to evolve over the next several years. I'm super excited about where the field is going in the treatment of genitourinary malignancies. Dr. Pedro Barata: Oh, absolutely true. And I would say within the Annual Meeting, we have outstanding Educational Sessions. And just a reminder to the listeners that actually that's where the different teams or topics for the Educational Book chapters come from, from actually the educational sessions from ASCO. And your fantastic chapter is an example of that, right, focusing on advanced GU tumors. So, thank you so much, Rana, for taking the time, sharing your insights with us today on the podcast. It was a fantastic conversation as always. Dr. Rana McKay: My pleasure. Thanks so much for having me, Dr. Barata. Dr. Pedro Barata: Of course.  And thank you to our listeners for your time today. You will find the link to the article discussed today in the transcript of this episode. I also encourage you to check out the 2025 ASCO Educational Book. You'll find an incredible wealth of information there. It's free, available online, and you'll find, hopefully, super, super important information on the key science and issues that are shaping modern oncology, as we've heard from Dr. McKay and many other outstanding authors. So, thank you, everyone, and I hope to see you soon. Disclaimer: The purpose of this podcast is to educate and to inform. This is not a substitute for professional medical care and is not intended for use in the diagnosis or treatment of individual conditions. Guests on this podcast express their own opinions, experience, and conclusions. Guest statements on the podcast do not express the opinions of ASCO. The mention of any product, service, organization, activity, or therapy should not be construed as an ASCO endorsement. Follow today's speakers:        Dr. Pedro Barata @PBarataMD Dr. Rana McKay @DrRanaMcKay Follow ASCO on social media:        @ASCO on X (formerly Twitter)        ASCO on Bluesky       ASCO on Facebook        ASCO on LinkedIn        Disclosures:     Dr. Pedro Barata: Stock and Other Ownership Interests: Luminate Medical Honoraria: UroToday Consulting or Advisory Role: Bayer, BMS, Pfizer, EMD Serono, Eisai, Caris Life Sciences, AstraZeneca, Exelixis, AVEO, Merck, Ipson, Astellas Medivation, Novartis, Dendreon Speakers' Bureau: AstraZeneca, Merck, Caris Life Sciences, Bayer, Pfizer/Astellas Research Funding (Inst.): Exelixis, Blue Earth, AVEO, Pfizer, Merck  Dr. Rana McKay: Consulting or Advisory Role: Janssen, Novartis, Tempus, Pfizer, Astellas Medivation, Dendreon, Bayer, Sanofi, Vividion, Calithera, Caris Life Sciences, Sorrento Therapeutics, AVEO, Seattle Genetics, Telix, Eli Lilly, Blue Earth Diagnostics, Ambrx, Sumitomo Pharma Oncology, Esiai, NeoMorph, Arcus Biosciences, Daiichi Sankyo, Exelixis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Astrazeneca, Myovant Research Funding (Inst.): Bayer, Tempus, AstraZeneca, Exelixis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Oncternal Therapeutics, Artera    

Send us a textResolving workplace conflict requires more than good intentions—it demands psychological safety. In our latest episode, we explore this powerful intersection with Alex Myers, a Chartered Occupational Psychologist, coach, and mediator who's transforming how organisations handle workplace disputes.Alex shares her journey implementing psychological safety principles at Jewish Care, where the impact has been transformative. What began as executive leadership training has cascaded throughout the organization, with team members now naturally incorporating psychological safety language into their daily interactions and leadership practices. This cultural shift proves that small, consistent actions create meaningful change over time.The heart of our conversation explores how mediation works, from preparing conflicting parties through to resolution. Alex walks us through her approach to creating safe spaces where difficult conversations can happen productively. Unlike lengthy HR investigations that often deepen divisions, mediation offers a streamlined path to resolution that preserves relationships and team cohesion. The results speak for themselves—none of Alex's mediations have progressed to formal grievance procedures.We delve into the fascinating neuroscience behind conflict, examining how fight-or-flight responses hijack our ability to communicate effectively. Alex explains techniques for activating the calming parasympathetic nervous system, helping conflicting parties move from defensive posturing to genuine listening. Her practical suggestions for reframing statements and creating neutral environments offer valuable tools anyone can apply in challenging conversations.The most powerful moments come through Alex's real-world examples of transformation—from colleagues who couldn't look at each other to team members actively supporting one another after mediation. These stories illustrate the profound impact of combining psychological knowledge with skilled conversation facilitation.Whether you're a leader managing team dynamics, an HR professional handling workplace disputes, or someone navigating difficult conversations, this episode offers practical wisdom for creating environments where honest dialogue can flourish. Episodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

Elena. Jonathan. Nicky. Veile. Four would-be adventurers, drawn together by circumstance yet bound by fate. At the helm of the Little Snail, they've driven full speed towards the glint of an assassin's scope, believing that sometimes, the safest place to hide from a killer is right under his nose.  Whether or not it will work, this tactic has brought them to new sights, and a new city: Calstega Bay. This industrious burg was once ruled by a tyrannical limb of the Adelvys Dynasty, Grand Sonnerian royalty and masters of the Manakin, doll-like beings brought to life by powerful, clockwork magic. When the Manakin took their freedom, they turned the Duke's palace into a people's plaza, and transformed the city into a seaside sanctuary for the curious and creative. But today, the city faces a new threat. The Valte Empire. All across the world, in search of the power to halt the coming apocalypse, they have deployed their best, whether canny, competent, or cruel. Opal. Onyx. Cinnabar. Citrine. Zorite. Zircon. Alabaster. Agate. Spread across Perpetua in pairs, these marshals and commodores, these spymasters and scientists desperately seek an anti-apocalyptic solution, no matter the cost. And today, that cost is the people of Calstega Bay, newly occupied by this airborne stratocracy. Whether by iron sword or velvet glove, the Valte plunder the city, working alongside a hired killer on his own fated mission. As the crew of the Little Snail tries to maneuver through the world of politics and power, they may just end up in dark places, lit only by flashes of a fight older than this world—and perhaps, older than life itself. This week on Perpetua: Pt 1 Perpetua Guide [In Progress v.04] Some Feedback [Page 14 of 18] TheDiamondRanger Is there a way to change classes in this one or is that only in the last game? FriendofNei Hey guys, sorry to derail but I really need some help on the Calstega Bay section. I have most of the big fights and everything stratted out already, but the one thing I'm struggling with is the big competition section (which you should make sure to skip if you want to do ANY shopping before things really kick off, by the way!)  Is anyone able to reverse engineer how the judge calculations work? I thought it had to do with favored ingredients but I"m not sure. Anyone have any good recipes? Also, DiamondRanger, there isn't a previous game in this series, you must be thinking of something else. TheDiamondRanger Isn't this a sequel to KosmoKairosis in the same universe?  As for recipes, I know how to make a hamburger, toast, and my I learned how to make scrambled eggs last week but other than that I don't cook. Alukard83 You should try using those weird Dragon Path ingredients if you have them, I think they give bonus points? TheDiamondRanger Wait does this game have cooking in it? Alukard83 . . . . . . . . . Are you even playing the game? Nicky IS A CHEF. TheDiamondRanger I thought NIcky Dashiel was a Dark Blade/Gourmet. And no I'm not playing, because I don't have enough trade in points. I'm hoping i get it for my birthday though. TheDiamondRanger [Deleted by mods. DO NOT DOUBLE POST.] Alukard83 Are you allowed to be on this website? AND WHAT DO YOU THINK GOURMET MEANS. TheDiamondRanger I asked my dad and he says it means a really expensive meal.  Alukard83 You thought Nicky was an EXPENSIVE MEAL? CarlsSr Wait, how DO you make a hamburger in Perpetua? Hosted by Austin Walker (austinwalker.bsky.social) Featuring Ali Acampora (ali-online.bsky.social), Art Martinez-Tebbel (amtebbel.bsky.social), Jack de Quidt (notquitereal.bsky.social), and Andrew Lee Swan (swandre3000.bsky.social) Produced by Ali Acampora Music by Jack de Quidt (available on bandcamp) Cover Art by Ben McEntee (https://linktr.ee/benmce.art) With thanks to Amelia Renee, Arthur B., Aster Maragos, Bill Kaszubski, Cassie Jones, Clark, DB, Daniel Laloggia, Diana Crowley, Edwin Adelsberger, Emrys, Greg Cobb, Ian O'Dea, Ian Urbina, Irina A., Jack Shirai, Jake Strang, Katie Diekhaus, Ken George, Konisforce, Kristina Harris Esq, L Tantivy, Lawson Coleman, Mark Conner, Mike & Ruby, Muna A, Nat Knight, Olive Perry, Quinn Pollock, Robert Lasica, Shawn Drape, Shawn Hall, Summer Rose, TeganEden, Thomas Whitney, Voi, chocoube, deepFlaw, fen, & weakmint This episode was made with support from listeners like you! To support us, you can go to friendsatthetable.cash.  

How did the early Earth, over four billion years ago, evolve into the planet we know and love today? It's a big question, and an open question. To get answers, geologists turn to a surprising source — a tiny mineral no bigger than the diameter of a human hair, that has secrets about our planet locked away in its crystal structure. This miniscule mineral, with its big stories is called zircon.Send us your science facts, news, or other stories for a chance to be featured on an upcoming Tiny Show and Tell Us bonus episode. And, while you're at it, subscribe to our newsletter!Links to the Tiny Show and Tell stories are here and here. All Tiny Matters transcripts and references are available here.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

In this episode, we dive back into the bedrock of America to reveal which state holds the crown for the oldest rocks in the U.S.! Join us as we unravel the mysteries of ancient metamorphic formations. From the Morton Gneisses in Minnesota, to the Wyoming craton out West, and ending in Upper Michigan, you'll find out what the oldest rocks are, and how we know! Hit that subscribe button, because this episode rocks! The paper that served as the basis for this episode is Frost, C.D., Mueller, P.A., Bickford, M.E., and Stern, R.J., 2025, USA's oldest rock? A simple question with a complex answer: GSA Today, v. 35, p. 4–10,https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG613A.1.00:00 Introduction and Episode Overview00:50 Setting the Stage: America's Oldest Rocks02:28 Understanding Metamorphic Rocks05:18 The Importance of Rock Ages09:55 Zircon and Uranium-Lead Dating14:16 Metamorphism and Zircon Growth22:05 Metamorphic and Igneous Rock Processes23:32 Understanding Zircon Inheritance24:32 Determining Rock Ages27:21 Challenges in Identifying Rock Types31:44 Oldest Rocks in the United States36:52 Technological Advancements in Geochronology42:51 Conclusion and Further ResearchDownload the CampGeo app now at this link. On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series. You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!Like, Subscribe, and leave us a Rating!——————————————————Instagram: @planetgeocastTwitter: @planetgeocastFacebook: @planetgeocastSupport us: https://planetgeocast.com/support-usEmail: planetgeocast@gmail.comWebsite: https://planetgeocast.com/

Send us a textWhat if everything you thought you knew about identifying potential in your team was based on flawed assumptions? In this thought-provoking conversation with Adam Wheelwright, Chief Technology Officer at IG Group, we challenge conventional wisdom around talent assessment and high-performance cultures. Drawing from his 30 years of experience in financial services and technology leadership, Adam reveals why the search for simplistic models of potential fundamentally misunderstands human capability."Just because somebody's been rated as high potential at some stage in their career, that's not a forever thing," Adam explains as we explore how potential isn't static but constantly evolving based on changing circumstances, individual aspirations, and organizational needs. This dynamic nature demands a more nuanced approach beyond traditional nine-box grids and assessment frameworks.The conversation takes an unexpected turn when we discuss how the relationship between employers and employees has fundamentally shifted. "Employment needs to be thought of a bit more like dating," Adam suggests, highlighting that unless both parties find fulfillment and alignment, neither will achieve optimal results. This perspective challenges organizations to move beyond simply assessing what they want from individuals to creating genuine two-way conversations about mutual aspirations.Perhaps most provocatively, Adam argues that organizations can't outsource talent development to HR or external consultants. "As a business leader, you need to be very present and front and center in defining what is high performance in your particular context," he asserts, making a compelling case for leadership ownership of talent strategy.Whether you're building teams, developing talent strategies, or rethinking your own career trajectory, this episode offers fresh perspectives that will transform how you think about potential and performance. Listen now to discover why the future of work demands a fundamental rethink of how we identify, develop, and unleash human capability.Subscribe now and join the conversation about what truly drives exceptional performance in today's rapidly evolving workplace.Episodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

Send us a textEpisodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

Send us a textWhat happens in your brain when faced with complex choices? The average person makes 35,000 decisions daily, from trivial selections to career-defining judgments – yet a shocking 99.5% of leaders have never received formal training in decision-making.Leadership coach Jon Bircher joins Dr. Amanda Potter to unpack the psychology and neuroscience behind effective decision-making at the executive level. With decades of leadership experience across industries, Bircher has developed a systematic approach that transforms how leaders approach choices under pressure.Their conversation explores how our brains actually process decisions – revealing the interplay between our rational prefrontal cortex (the "CEO of the brain") and our emotional limbic system. You'll discover why decision fatigue leads to poor choices and learn to recognize when your brain needs rest before making important judgments.Bircher introduces a powerful six-step decision framework beginning with "deciding how to decide" – a meta-decision that clarifies governance, stakeholders, and process before diving into solution-finding. This crucial first step is frequently overlooked, causing implementation failures and wasted resources. You'll also learn practical tools like Gary Klein's "pre-mortem" technique for anticipating potential pitfalls and the DAII model for involving implementers early in the decision process.The conversation delves into how different decision styles impact leadership effectiveness, with Bircher explaining: "Decision-making shines a light on who we are as leaders – it holds together our rational thinking, emotions, values, beliefs, and character." Understanding your natural preferences allows you to flex your approach based on each decision's importance and complexity.Whether you're leading a team, building a business, or navigating personal crossroads, this episode provides concrete strategies for making better, more confident decisions that align with your values and goals. As Bircher concludes, "The person that we become, the leader that we are, and the life we ultimately lead is made up of our choices. So treat decision-making seriously."Episodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

Send us a textWhat happens when a major financial merger puts wellbeing at the heart of its transformation strategy? Lucy Becque, Group Chief People Officer at Coventry Building Society, reveals the powerful impact this approach has had as they navigate combining with the Co-operative Bank – doubling their workforce overnight and bringing together distinctly different organizational cultures.Lucy shares how focusing on resilience through deliberate "firebreaks" – pauses in the relentless pace of change – has enabled leaders to maintain perspective and support their teams effectively. Rather than treating wellbeing as peripheral, they've placed it at the center of their strategy, achieving remarkable results including 91% of employees reporting they receive empathy and support from their managers when needed.The conversation explores practical, science-backed resilience techniques that don't create additional burden. From incorporating gratitude practices into commutes to walking meetings and authentic emotional conversations, these small habit changes have made a significant difference. Lucy explains how the neuroscience of change – particularly prefrontal cortex fatigue – influences decision-making and why addressing this physiological reality matters.Perhaps most fascinating is the nuanced discussion about psychological safety. While embracing the principles of creating environments where people can speak up and contribute fully, Lucy shares her concerns about how the terminology can sometimes be "weaponized" to avoid accountability. This highlights the importance of thoughtfully translating psychological concepts into organizational language that resonates authentically.Whether you're leading transformation or experiencing it, this episode offers valuable insights on building resilience, maintaining human connection during intense change, and creating cultures where people can truly belong and feel proud of their contribution.Episodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

In this segment of “Your Moment In Tech,” we meet.Micaela Kapp, is an engineer with Zircon.com, an American home pro tool company. Who introduces us to two new tools for the home. The “Leak Alert WiFi”, a water leak detection monitor, and the “StudSensor HD70”. She answers questions about these tools' setup, support, and operation.#Zircon.com #Leakdetection #Studsensor  #studfinder #studlocator #waterleak #ColoRadio #YourMomentInTech #ConsumerElectronicsShow   #CES #DIY #accessability #trujilloPublicRelations #DYI

Send us a textEver wondered why traditional competency models often gather dust while organisations continue struggling with talent development? The answer might lie in a more holistic approach called "blueprinting" - a framework that's transforming how forward-thinking companies like Haven approach leadership development.This eye-opening conversation with DeanO Giles, Head of Learning and Development at Haven, and Dr Amanda Potter, CEO of Zircon, reveals how blueprints differ fundamentally from competency frameworks by encompassing values, strengths, behaviours and skills while considering both external and internal organisational challenges. For Haven, with 39 unique holiday parks and a workforce that fluctuates from 5,000 to 14,000 seasonally, this flexibility proved crucial.What truly sets blueprints apart is their ability to avoid the pitfalls of "profile matching" - that tendency to create homogeneous workforces by demanding everyone score at least average on all competencies. Instead, Haven's blueprint recognises that different roles, parks and situations require dialling up or down specific capabilities. The results speak for themselves: personalised learning journeys, improved recruitment outcomes, and enhanced succession planning.Perhaps most impressively, Haven has kept their blueprint alive by embedding it throughout their talent cycle, from recruitment to development and performance conversations. As DeanO notes, "It can't just be a poster on a wall" - it must be a living document informing daily leadership practices. Their journey through 14 iterations before finalising their approach demonstrates the care needed to create something truly meaningful.Whether you're frustrated with outdated competency models or simply seeking a more nuanced approach to talent development, this episode offers practical insights into creating a framework that truly reflects your organisation's unique purpose and challenges. How might your organisation benefit from seeing leadership through a blueprint lens?Episodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

Send us a textDr. Amanda Potter and guest Dr. Stewart Desson, CEO of Lumina Learning, explore the complex relationship between personality testing, neurodiversity, ethical assessment practices, and strengths-based approaches in the workplace.• The Big Five personality model (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism) remains the most empirically validated framework for understanding personality• Both experts challenge traditional views of personality as static, suggesting a more dynamic understanding that incorporates conscious choice• Evaluative bias in psychometrics can lead to one end of personality spectrums being seen as "good" while the other end is viewed negatively• Profile matching in recruitment creates dangerous homogeneity in organizations, reducing diversity of thought and stifling innovation• The "shadow" concept from Jungian psychology represents disowned aspects of ourselves that we project onto others• Personality labeling (like being called "the creative type") can limit career opportunities and development• Ethical psychometric practice must acknowledge human complexity and avoid oversimplified categorization• The best assessments expand possibilities rather than constraining them, recognizing we can demonstrate seemingly opposite traits depending on contextIf you like our podcast, please click on that follow button and share this episode with someone who would really enjoy it.Episodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

ニコニコ動画でライブ配信審査を実施、最終合格者はany style所属のVTuberとして活動予定。

Send us a textHave you ever been accused of "selective hearing" or caught zoning out during an important conversation? You're not alone. Our brains constantly filter information, deciding what deserves attention, often without us realizing it.This episode unpacks selective listening; choosing what we focus on—versus selective hearing (unconscious filtering) and selective attention (our ability to stay focused despite distractions). These patterns shape workplace dynamics, often amplifying senior voices while drowning out fresh perspectives, and sometimes stifling innovation.Neuroscience reveals our prefrontal cortex prioritizes conversations based on goals, while the default mode network pulls us into mental drifting. Gender and neurodiversity can influence how we process environmental stimulation, explaining why some struggle more with distractions.With useful tips to help you master selective listening, this episode could help you gain awareness of the biases that are often barriers to truly inclusive communication. What valuable insights might you be missing? Tune into the people around you and improve your relationships at home and work.Listen now to discover how becoming aware of your selective listening patterns could transform your communication effectiveness and help create environments where everyone feels heard. What conversations might you be missing that could change everything?Episodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

For review:1. US President Trump threatens Iran with bombing and tariffs over nuclear program. If they (Iran) don't make a deal, there will be bombing,” President Trump said in a telephone interview. “It will be bombing the likes of which they have never seen before.”2. In response to US President Trump's threat of bombing and tariffs, Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei said on Monday the US would receive a strong blow if it acts on President Donald Trump's threat to bomb unless Tehran reaches a new nuclear deal with Washington.3. IDF Prepares Return to Rafah. The Israel Defense Forces issued an evacuation warning on Monday for Palestinians in the entire Rafah area in the southern Gaza Strip, saying the military was “returning to fight with great force to eliminate the capabilities of terror organizations in these areas.”4. President Trump reportedly "disappointed" in President Putin but thinks the peace negotiations "are making progress, step by step."5. Russia Launches Submarine Armed with Hypersonic Zircon Missile. The Zircon has a reported range of 500 to 1,000 kilometers, depending on its trajectory.It can fly at Mach 8, making it nearly impossible to intercept with current air defense systems, according to the US-based Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance (MDAA).6. Egypt in Talks for S. Korea's FA-50 Light Attack Aircraft. Egypt's Ambassador to Seoul, stated that discussions between the two countries are progressing positively after months of negotiations for an initial order of 36 aircraft.7. US Army Contracts LM for Precision Strike Missiles. With an operational range exceeding 499 kilometers (310 miles), a PrSM launch pod is capable of carrying and firing two missiles.8. The Army's Lower-Tier Air and Missile Defense Sensor ready for low-rate production. 

Send us a textThe battle to attract and retain high-quality early talent has never been more challenging. With 95% of organizations acknowledging that early career candidates quickly move on when expectations aren't met, understanding what truly drives these professionals has become crucial for business success.Dr. Amanda Potter, the Chief Psychology Officer sits down with Angela Malik to discuss groundbreaking research that challenges common assumptions about what early career talent wants from employers. Their conversation reveals surprising disconnects between organizational perceptions and reality—like the fact that while companies believe early talent demands remote work, 74% are actually willing to consider office-based roles when properly engaged.The discussion dives deep into neuroscience, exploring how the still-developing prefrontal cortex of young professionals impacts their decision-making. This physiological reality helps explain why some accept job offers only to withdraw when better opportunities arise—it's not about negotiating tactics but about impulsivity and emotional responses to uncertainty.Perhaps most compelling is the research on what truly matters to early talent: purpose alignment, authentic sustainability commitments, and meaningful development opportunities. With 88% researching an organization's diversity initiatives before applying, this generation votes with their applications, gravitating toward companies that demonstrate genuine social responsibility.The conversation also tackles the critical gap in line management training, with data showing 82% of new managers receive zero formal training despite being the primary connection between early talent and the organization. This deficiency directly impacts retention, as the research confirms: "You don't quit a job, you quit a boss."Whether you're struggling with early talent recruitment, facing retention challenges, or simply wanting to better understand the expectations of the next generation of professionals, this episode provides evidence-based strategies that go beyond assumptions and address what young talent actually wants. Listen for practical recommendations that can transform your approach to early career talent management.Episodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

To get live links to the music we play and resources we offer, visit www.WOSPodcast.comThis show includes the following songs:Giang Pham - Phenomenal FOLLOW ON SPOTIFYAvery Markle - Away From Me FOLLOW ON SPOTIFYMISY - To Have And To Hold FOLLOW ON SPOTIFYBellefolie - Your Gates FOLLOW ON SPOTIFYTora Woloshin - Sunsets on a Friday FOLLOW ON SPOTIFYKimberly Shires x Hear Me Roar Studio - high (functioning) FOLLOW ON SPOTIFYEmma Teufel - Now I Know. FOLLOW ON SPOTIFYMichelle Bond - WARRIOR FOLLOW ON SPOTIFYCat Merkle - The Same For Us FOLLOW ON SPOTIFYPenny Towers - Unluckiest Lady Lately In Love FOLLOW ON YOUTUBEAngelic Milk - Turning Into You FOLLOW ON SPOTIFYJYLHÄ - Always Remember Me FOLLOW ON SPOTIFYKatie Callahan - Metaphors FOLLOW ON SPOTIFYZircon Skyeband - Candy FOLLOW ON SPOTIFYJules Grace - Eat My Dust FOLLOW ON SPOTIFYFor Music Biz Resources Visit www.FEMusician.com and www.ProfitableMusician.comVisit our Sponsor Profitable Musician Newsletter at profitablemusician.com/joinVisit our Sponsor Kick Bookkeeping at http://profitablemusician.com/kickVisit our Sponsor Track Stage at https://profitablemusician.com/trackstageVisit our Sponsor 39 Streams of Income at profitablemusician.com/incomeVisit www.wosradio.com for more details and to submit music to our review board for consideration.Visit our resources for Indie Artists: https://www.wosradio.com/resourcesBecome more Profitable in just 3 minutes per day. http://profitablemusician.com/join

Send us a textIn this episode, Mike Wright from Network Rail joins award-winning Business Psychologist Amanda Potter and co-host Caitlin Cooper to explore what makes high-performing teams thrive. We dive into Project Speed, a post-pandemic initiative that boosted efficiency and reduced costs, saving £1.5 billion! We also examine how cognitive diversity enhances problem-solving when the need to balance essential yet competing priorities is crucial to success.Additionally, we highlight the vital role of psychological safety—creating an environment where people feel safe to speak up leads to greater innovation and stronger results. Discover how our work together helps to drive continuous engagement and open dialogue at Network Rail as we continue to define the factors that inhibit and enable high performance.Join us as we unpack these key themes and the power of teamwork in driving organisational success. Listen, reflect, and subscribe!Episodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

Send us a textWhat if your brain's craving for predictability is the real reason behind your stress? In our latest episode, we explore the complex emotions tied to change fatigue in our fast-paced world driven by relentless technological advancements. With AI reshaping the landscape and social media perpetually altering trends, the pressure to adapt can seem insurmountable. We unravel the psychological and physiological impacts of this constant flux, touching on how our intrinsic desire for stability clashes with the modern necessity for change, leading to a pervasive sense of exhaustion.Join us as we navigate the nuances of change fatigue within organizations and the personal sphere, with insights rooted in Brené Brown's research on resilience and psychological safety. Through a compelling case study, we highlight how effective communication can transform resistance into acceptance, creating environments that foster adaptability and decision-making. We also delve into the neuroscience behind stress, revealing the taxing effects of continuous demands on the prefrontal cortex and the stress-induced grip of the amygdala.But it's not all doom and gloom—our discussion offers practical strategies for coping, inspired by tales of personal resilience and Robert Sapolsky's insights into stress. Hear how mindfulness and self-care can counteract the wear of change fatigue, bringing balance and compassion into our lives. Special thanks to our interns Izzy Jones, Emiolaey, and Gracie Weston, whose valuable research contributions enriched this episode. We hope you find the insights as enlightening as we did, and look forward to your thoughts on managing change in today's ever-evolving landscape.Episodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

Send us a textDr. Amanda Potter, Chartered Psychologist and CEO of Zircon BeTalent, and Jig Ramji, an experienced Chief Talent Officer, join us for a compelling discussion on the transformative power of big data in talent management. Listen as we unpack the parallels between sports analytics and organizational performance, revealing why data integration is as crucial to talent strategy as it is to financial success. Jig challenges the conventional belief that more data is inherently better, illustrating the importance of data variety and context in unlocking meaningful insights. Discover the complexities of implementing talent and leadership models within organizations as we examine the pitfalls of relying too heavily on standardized approaches. We emphasize the necessity of cognitive and cultural diversity and the importance of gathering diverse data points throughout the employee lifecycle. This approach ensures a clear understanding of organizational capabilities while maintaining agility to align with strategic goals. Our discussion underscores the value of a balanced framework, offering guidance and clarity for all stakeholders.Explore the evolving tech industry landscape and the challenges of overcoming personal biases in interpreting financial and people data. We highlight the need for thoughtful talent models and objective assessments to mitigate bias and enhance workforce engagement. As Amanda and Jig delve into the concept of unconscious bias, they advocate for individual accountability in recognizing and managing biases. The conversation concludes with a focus on the importance of data discipline, emphasizing the transformative potential of rigorous data analysis while cautioning against over-reliance on psychometrics. Join us for a journey through the strategies that can drive significant change and performance improvements in organizations.The conversation highlights the significance of cohesive data frameworks while addressing the challenges of bias and complacency in decision-making.• Emphasising the need for robust data use in talent strategies• Defining big data and its implications for organisations• Balancing internal and external data perspectives• Addressing the risk of over-relying on off-the-shelf talent models• The importance of data discipline in collecting actionable insights• Challenging complacency amidst continuous organisational growth• Discussing biases in the interpretation of psychometric data• Advocating for curiosity and humility in leadership practices• Urging talent professionals to act as catalysts for changeEpisodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

Send us a textWhat if one small change could transform not only your life but also contribute positively to the world? Join us as Lou Kiwanuka shares her inspiring journey of embracing sustainable change, one step at a time. Starting with a personal commitment to make one change per month since January 2020, Lou's approach has led to profound personal growth and a shift from simply reducing negative impacts to actively pursuing positive contributions. Through her experiences, Lou illustrates how these incremental adjustments can create a ripple effect, ultimately fostering a more connected and meaningful existence.Explore the power of the One Change strategy as it transcends personal boundaries and ignites innovation within the professional realm. Originating from a need to transform the events industry, this strategy encourages both individuals and organizations to adopt a single change each month, promoting values like accessibility, kindness, and mindful living. With insights from Angela Malik and Dr. Amanda Potter, we delve into the psychological aspects that make small, sustainable habits effective, and how they can shift focus from material wants to meaningful connections and experiences.From the art of embracing simplicity to the science of habit formation, this episode is packed with practical tools and strategies. Learn about the "99 things" list and the "wheel of privilege" as methods to prioritize goals and broaden the concept of sustainability to include societal elements. As we gear up for 2025 with renewed energy and commitment to change, we invite you to consider how these transformative ideas can enhance your own life and the world around you. Engage with us and share your experiences as we collectively embark on this journey of resilience and positive impact.Episodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

For review:1. Israel to send Team to Qatar for Hostage Negotiations.The Prime Minister's Office said that “Netanyahu authorized a working-level delegation from the Mossad, Shin Bet and IDF to continue negotiations in Doha.”2. IDF Releases Details from September 2024 Commando Raid in Syria. The raid — dubbed internally by the Israel Defense Forces “Operation Many Ways” —  was aimed at destroying an underground facility used by Iranian forces to manufacture precision missiles for Hezbollah in Lebanon and for the Assad regime in Syria.3. Senegal to Remove Foreign Military Presence in 2025.Senegal's President (Bassirou Dioumaye Faye): “I have instructed the minister for the armed forces to propose a new doctrine for cooperation in defence and security, involving, among other consequences, the end of all foreign military presences in Senegal from 2025.”4.  Russian Navy Accepts 5th Yasen-class Nuclear Attack Sub.The Attack boat Arkhangelsk was turned over to the Russian Navy on Dec. 27 in a ceremony at the Sevmash shipyard on the White Sea just south of the Arctic Circle. The 13,800-ton Yasen-Ms can field the 1,000-mile range 3M-54 Kalibir NK land attack cruise missile, the P-800 Oniks anti-ship missile, and the 3M-22 Zircon hypersonic anti-ship cruise missiles.5. China sanctions US Defense companies over arms sales to Taiwan. They will be prohibited from import and export activities or making new investments in China, while their senior managers will be banned from entering the country, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce said Tuesday.

The UROONCO RCC editorial board chief editor Dr. Carmen Mir, and associate editors Dr. Teele Kuusk and Dr. Riccardo Bertolo share highlights of the important kidney cancer developments for 2024. They summarise the results on several important trials such as FASTRACK, ZIRCON, KEYNOTE-564 and IMmotion010. They also discuss the developments on surgical aspects too.To learn more on the highlights discussed in this podcast, you can read the below Articles of the Month, listen to the podcasts or watch the videos.Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy for primary kidney cancer (TROG 15.03 FASTRACK II): a non-randomised phase 2 trial[89Zr]Zr-girentuximab for PET–CT imaging of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: a prospective, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trialASCO GU24 special: Assoc. Prof. Barata discusses the results of KEYNOTE-564 and CheckMate-914ASCO GU24 special: Prof. Michael Hofman talks about a novel CA IX-targeting peptideASCO2024 special: Circulating kidney injury molecule-1 biomarker analysis in IMmotion010Present and future of robotic surgery for RCCThe treatment of locally advanced and metastatic renal cancerFor more EAU podcasts, please go to your favourite podcast app and subscribe to our podcast channel for regular updates: Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Google Podcasts.

SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 154*The Moon's Age: A New PerspectiveNew research suggests the Moon may be much older than previously believed. Evidence indicates the Moon's crust underwent extensive remelting around 4.35 billion years ago, obscuring its true age. This study proposes the Moon could be as old as 4.53 billion years, challenging past estimates and offering a new understanding of its formation.*Perseverance Rover's New HorizonsNASA's Perseverance rover has reached the top of Jezero Crater's rim, marking a significant milestone in its mission. With the climb complete, the rover is set to explore new geological terrains, potentially uncovering some of the oldest rocks in the solar system. This new phase promises to deepen our understanding of Mars' ancient history.*Unveiling South Australia's Pink Sands MysteryThe discovery of deep pink sands on South Australian beaches has provided insights into the tectonic history of the region. These findings, published in Communications Earth and Environment, suggest the existence of an ancient Antarctic mountain range, offering clues about the geological past of the supercontinent Gondwana.00:00 This is space Time Series 27, Episode 154 for broadcast on 23 December 202400:47 New research suggests Earth's moon may be an awful lot older than previously thought07:05 NASA's Mars Perseverance Rover has completed its long climb to summit10:51 Deep pink sands washing up on South Australian beaches reveal previously unknown mountain range19:05 Garnets are a metamorphic mineral which grows when deep in crust20:51 Ambulance and taxi drivers have lowest death rate from Alzheimer's22:57 New study finds men are quicker to buy drinks when women are scarcewww.spacetimewithstuartgary.comwww.bitesz.com

Send us a textUnlock the secrets to creating a truly inclusive workplace with insights from Laura McLean, an HR and Talent leader at Santander. Tune in to discover how you can foster an environment where trust and innovation flourish, and employees feel empowered to bring their full selves to work. Laura, alongside Dr Amanda Potter, Chartered Psychologist and CEO of Zircon BeTalent, dissects the core elements of psychological safety, demonstrating their pivotal role in leadership development and the evolving landscape of today's workforce. You'll learn about the transformative power of small, intentional changes that can yield significant improvements in organizational culture. Just like compound interest, these adjustments magnify over time, leading to better customer experiences and fostering innovation. We'll explore the internal climates that shape customer service and discuss strategies for embedding psychological safety at both micro and macro levels. A key focus is on recognising and addressing unconscious biases, promoting true cognitive and neurodiversity within the workplace.Even well-intentioned leaders can inadvertently create toxic environments. Our conversation highlights the importance of authenticity, candid communication, and the balancing act between professional focus and personal connection. We'll share personal anecdotes to illustrate how perceptions can be influenced by external appearances and how a supportive environment encourages productivity under pressure. Whether you're an HR leader, psychologist, or simply someone looking to enhance workplace culture, this episode provides practical advice on raising awareness and integrating small practices that build psychological safety across all levels of an organisation.Episodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

We were very fortunate to have Jimmy Brown and Timmy Brown from Dose of Adolescence on the podcast to talk about their new album, "Zircon Ave". Enjoy! Dose of Adolescence Socials: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/dose_of_adolescence/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DOSEband TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@dose_of_adolescence YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dose_of_adolescence Apple Music: https://music.apple.com/us/artist/dose-of-adolescence/300459297 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/artist/2tVoJbzRJj0HEb0EElw0OC Website: https://doseofadolescence.com/ Grab some GNP Merch!: https://goodnoisepodcast.creator-spring.com/ Check out the recording gear we use: https://www.amazon.com/shop/goodnoisepodcast Support the show on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/goodnoisepodcast Good Noise Podcast Socials: Twitter: https://twitter.com/good_noise_cast Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/goodnoisepodcast/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/goodnoisepod Discord: https://discord.gg/nDAQKwT YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFHKPdUxxe1MaGNWoFtjoJA Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/04IMtdIrCIvbIr7g6ttZHi All other streaming platforms: https://linktr.ee/goodnoisepodcast Bandcamp: https://goodnoiserecords.bandcamp.com/

Unlock the secrets to optimal sleep with Dr. Amanda Potter, a distinguished Psychologist and CEO of Zircon BeTalent, as she guides us through the intricate dance of our nightly rest. Discover how seven to nine hours of uninterrupted sleep can revolutionize your emotional well-being and sharpen your cognitive edge, enhancing creativity, problem-solving, and memory retention. Dr. Potter also sheds light on the substantial economic toll of sleep-related fatigue, underscoring the importance of regular sleep patterns and the power daylight holds over our natural rhythms.Journey through the enigmatic stages of REM and non-REM sleep, where dreams intertwine with memory consolidation and learning is fortified. You'll find out how neurotransmitters like GABA, alongside melatonin and adenosine, orchestrate this nightly symphony. Dr. Potter emphasizes how morning light resets our biological clocks, and why feelings of contentment can be a catalyst for better sleep. Our conversation also covers the profound effects of outdoor activities and exercise on reducing cortisol levels and naturally boosting melatonin.Arm yourself with practical strategies to master sleep hygiene and establish empowering routines. Learn how caffeine affects your alertness and sleep patterns, and grasp the importance of consistent sleep and wake times. We explore the benefits of using dim, yellow lights in the evening while embracing natural sunlight in the morning. Discover tips for maintaining an ideal bedroom environment, timing meals and naps wisely, and using breathing techniques to ease into relaxation, equipping you to reclaim your nights and boost your overall well-being.Episodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

Unlock the secrets of psychological assessments with our esteemed guest, Ben Williams from Sten10, as he joins Dr Amanda Potter, CEO of Zircon, for an in-depth discussion on the tools that shape development and recruitment. Discover why validity and reliability are not just buzzwords but essential elements that ensure these assessments accurately measure what they're supposed to. Together, we unravel the intricacies of state versus trait-based assessments, such as resilience and emotional intelligence, and debate the delicate balancing act between inclusivity and fairness in assessment design.Journey with us as we dissect the methodologies behind personality assessments, from the often-debated graphology to the impact of gamified assessments on candidate experience. Learn how to navigate the tension between questionnaire length and psychometric robustness without compromising the candidate's perception of fairness. We also explore the challenges neurodiverse candidates face with situational judgment tests and the importance of utilizing normative approaches to make assessments more inclusive.Finally, brace yourself for a deep dive into the intersection of innovation, ethics, and technology in psychological assessments. Witness the ongoing debate over the use of AI in personality assessments and the ethical considerations surrounding social media data in recruitment. This episode is a testament to the transformative power of psychological assessments, underpinned by scientific rigor and cultural sensitivity, as they continue to evolve in our rapidly changing world.Episodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

Join us for an enlightening conversation with Dr. Amanda Potter, Chartered Psychologist and CEO of Zircon, as we navigate the complexities of the entrepreneurial mindset. Ever wondered what differentiates a freelancer from a true entrepreneur? Discover how visionaries like Simon Rogerson from Octopus Energy harness their relentless energy and forward-thinking approach to fill market gaps with scalable business ideas. We'll also confront the challenges women face in entrepreneurship, examining why only a third of global businesses are women-owned and exploring solutions to bridge this leadership gap.What drives an entrepreneur to move toward opportunities rather than flee from less favourable situations? The answer lies in a proactive mindset. Drawing from personal experiences and observations, we shed light on how upbringing can shape entrepreneurial tendencies. We distinguish freelancers from entrepreneurs in terms of opportunity identification and venture creation and delve into intrapreneurship—where innovation thrives within established companies. The conversation does not shy away from the real-world hurdles faced by psychologists entering the consulting field, emphasizing the need for psychological safety to foster innovation.Unleash your entrepreneurial spirit by exploring the intersection of personality traits and successful business practices. Inspired by an interview with Simon Rogerson, we discuss how traits like curiosity, learning agility, and the ability to embrace failure are vital for success. Whether the entrepreneurial mindset is a state or a trait is a question worth pondering, as we explore how passion and risk-taking, are crucial elements of entrepreneurship. The thrill of bringing ideas to life, making a global impact, and stepping into discomfort to foster growth is at the heart of our discussion, offering insights into how you can transform your business and life.Episodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

Unlock the hidden strengths of introversion in the workplace! Join us as Amanda Potter, CEO of Zircon, breaks down the often misunderstood traits of introverts and extroverts, backed by insights from Jung, Eysenck, and psychological models like the Big Five and MBTI. We'll dissect how biased language can shape our views and why emotional intelligence is crucial, not just for professionals but for everyone aiming to create more inclusive environments.Ever wondered why extroverts seem to dominate organizational cultures? Amanda and I shed light on the importance of fostering psychological safety and inclusive communication to ensure that quieter voices are heard. Contrary to popular belief, introverts bring invaluable observational skills and concise contributions that can transform team dynamics. Don't miss our discussion on the myths surrounding extroverts in sales roles and how a balanced approach can yield more effective and diverse teams.Curious about the neuroscience behind introversion and extroversion? This episode dives into how different environments and social settings impact each personality type, from dopamine responses to overstimulation. We also challenge the stereotypes around introverts and extroverts in sales and management roles, highlighting real-life examples and the significance of self-awareness and emotional intelligence in leadership. Whether you're an introvert, extrovert, or somewhere in between, this episode offers a deeper understanding of how to harness your unique strengths in the workplace. Tune in for a thought-provoking conversation that champions the value of diverse personality traits.Episodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

Imagine transforming your organization by fostering trust, promoting cognitive diversity, and championing kindness in the workplace. Join us in this enlightening conversation with Simon Rogerson, the visionary CEO and founder of Octopus Group. Simon dispels misconceptions about his role at Octopus Energy and delves into his journey from a secure job to creating a company that values integrity. Simon shares how he meticulously built a positive organizational culture, ensuring that trust and customer-centric values were at the forefront by personally interviewing the first 500 employees.Discover the power of cognitive diversity as Simon explains how it can build high-performing teams. Learn the difference between skepticism and cynicism and why including varied perspectives, particularly those from younger employees, is crucial in today's fast-paced world. Simon provides insights into how promoting ownership and encouraging calculated risks, such as through Octopus Springboard, can drive innovation and success.Finally, we explore the profound impact of kindness in business. Simon recounts touching stories of employees who went above and beyond, illustrating how genuine acts of kindness can create loyal customers and a vibrant company culture. We also delve into the balance of dedication and self-care, the significance of open communication, and the necessity of honest feedback in building resilient leadership. Listen as Simon uncovers the essence of leadership, decisiveness, and the importance of fostering an environment where trust and transparency lead to long-term business growth.Episodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

Unlock the secrets to enhancing your emotional well-being through the transformative power of breathing techniques in this enlightening episode. Dr Amanda Potter and Kristian Lees-Bell are joined by Jessica Livingstone, a seasoned yoga and meditation teacher, who takes us on her journey from the high-stress corporate world to founding a thriving yoga and wellness studio. Jessica shares profound insights into how breathing techniques in yoga can significantly impact our emotional health and balance, drawing from both historical and modern influences. She explains how incorporating breath awareness into our daily routines can lead to greater relaxation and a more balanced life.Delve into the world of coherent breathing, where synchronizing your breath can harmonize your body's systems and promote a state of calm and clarity. Jessica introduces us to Yoga Nidra, a form of active meditation that helps even the busiest minds find peace. Listen to Kristian and Amanda's reflections on their experiences with coherent breathing, and discover how it can serve as a rejuvenating midday reset. This episode explores practical applications of these techniques, emphasizing their potential to enhance both physical relaxation and mental clarity in everyday situations.We also discuss the importance of practicing presence through mindful breathing techniques to combat the autopilot mode of living. Learn about various methods, such as alternate nostril breathing and box breathing, and their specific health benefits. Jessica shares practical tips on how to seamlessly integrate these techniques into your daily life. As we wrap up, we express our heartfelt gratitude to Jessica for her invaluable insights and thank our dedicated listeners for their continued support. Stay tuned for more exciting episodes aimed at enhancing your wellness journey!Episodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

Unlock the secrets to fostering a culture of innovation and psychological safety within your organization. Join Dr Amanda Potter and Caitlin Cooper for a thought-provoking conversation, where they uncover the link between psychological safety and innovation, explore the neuroscience behind daydreaming and discuss what helps and hinders innovation and creativity.Learn how to redefine innovation beyond just generating new ideas, incorporating continuous improvement and discover the power of resilience and reduced anxiety in welcoming novel ideas and breakthroughs. Delve into practical strategies to encourage risk-taking and curiosity, and understand the crucial difference between creativity and innovation.Episodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

In this episode, Chris Bolhuis and Dr. Jesse Reimink dive into the complexities of Zircon grains from the Jack Hills conglomerate in Western Australia—some of the Earth's oldest fragments. They discuss the environmental conditions necessary for their formation and survival, the role of magma differentiation in creating intermediate to felsic rocks, and the geochemical analysis using oxygen and hafnium isotopes which indicate the presence of water on Earth's surface over 4 billion years ago. The episode also explores the scientific debates surrounding these ancient minerals and their implications for our understanding of early Earth's geological history.Stay tuned for more information, and find this episode, along with the images, on our CampGeo app below!Download the CampGeo app now at this link. On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series. You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!Like, Subscribe, and leave us a Rating!——————————————————Instagram: @planetgeocastTwitter: @planetgeocastFacebook: @planetgeocastSupport us: https://planetgeocast.com/support-usEmail: planetgeocast@gmail.comWebsite: https://planetgeocast.com/

Can kindness, humility, and collaboration be the secret ingredients to business success? Join us as we sit down with Philippa White, founder and CEO of TIE Leadership, who shares profound insights from her book, "Return on Humanity." Led by Angela Malik, and Dr. Amanda Potter, PhD.This episode unveils compelling stories from Philippa's journey, comparing the traditional profit-driven models with those that put people first. By highlighting her experiences from business school, Philippa reveals how fostering a human-centered approach can drive innovation, problem-solving, and ultimately lead to a more successful business landscape.Navigating the intricate world of leadership, we discuss how balancing internal and external perspectives can fortify psychological safety and resilience within organizations. Highlighting the importance of human qualities like vulnerability and cultural intelligence, we underscore how these assets contribute to better leadership and a healthier work environment. Through Ernesto Sorelli's captivating hippo story, we illustrate the underestimated power of active listening and its critical role in effective leadership. This chapter is a testament to the necessity of blending business acumen with people skills to create a holistic leadership approach.Embracing positivity and happiness is not just a personal mantra but also a professional strategy. Drawing from Sarah Tate's "The Rebuilders" and real-world examples like the Biosphere Project, we explore how challenges and setbacks are essential for building resilience. Amanda introduces Ruby Wax's insights on negativity bias, explaining how a positive mindset can significantly reduce stress and foster a more resilient organization. Philippa shares inspiring stories from her book launch, emphasizing the importance of pushing boundaries and stepping outside comfort zones to achieve meaningful growth. We wrap up with reflections on the role of happiness in leadership, offering practical advice on cultivating a positive, resilient workplace. Tune in to discover how you can transform your leadership style and business approach by prioritizing humanity and happiness.Episodes are available here https://www.thecpo.co.uk/ To follow Zircon on LinkedIn and to be first to hear about podcasts, publications and news, please like and follow us: https://www.linkedin.com/company/zircon-consulting-ltd/ To access the research white papers mentioned in this and other podcasts, please go to: https://zircon-mc.co.uk/zircon-white-papers.php For more information about the BeTalent suite of tools and platform please contact: TheCPO@zircon-mc.co.uk

Join us for SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 76, where we delve into the latest groundbreaking discoveries in planetary science and astronomy.First, scientists have uncovered evidence that fresh water existed on Earth about 4 billion years ago, pushing back the timeframe for the potential emergence of life by 500 million years. This discovery, based on zircon crystal analysis from the Jack Hills formation in Western Australia, challenges the long-held belief that Earth was entirely covered by oceans at that time. The study's findings suggest that fresh water and land masses existed much earlier, setting the stage for life to flourish.Next, new research indicates that the rotation of Earth's inner core has slowed down compared to the planet's surface. This discovery, reported in the journal Nature, shows that the inner core began to decelerate around 2010, moving slower than the Earth's mantle and crust for the first time in decades. The implications of this change are still being explored, but it may ultimately affect the length of the day.Finally, a new study suggests that Earth's encounter with dense interstellar clouds 2 million years ago may have significantly altered the planet's climate. The research, published in Nature Astronomy, posits that these clouds could have compressed the heliosphere, exposing Earth to increased levels of cosmic rays and altering its climatic conditions.Follow our cosmic conversations on X @stuartgary, Instagram, YouTube, and Facebook. Join us as we unravel the mysteries of the universe, one episode at a time.Sponsor OfferThis episode is proudly supported by NordPass. Secure your digital journey across the cosmos with a password manager you can trust. Find your stellar security solution at https://www.bitesz.com/nordpass.Listen to SpaceTime on your favourite podcast app including Apple Podcasts, Spotify, YouTube Music, or wherever you get your podcasts.Support SpaceTimeBecome a supporter of SpaceTime: https://www.bitesz.com/show/spacetime/support/www.bitesz.com

The Space, Astronomy & Science Podcast.SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 41*The Scandinavian Connection: Born from Greenland's Ancient CrustIn a groundbreaking geological study, scientists have traced the oldest Scandinavian bedrock back to its origins in Greenland, revealing a continental connection dating back 3.75 billion years. Published in the journal Geology, this research uncovers a hidden chapter of Earth's crust beneath Denmark and Scandinavia, suggesting a tectonic detachment from Greenland that predates previous estimates by a quarter of a billion years. The discovery, locked within zircon minerals, not only reshapes our understanding of continental drift but also underscores Earth's uniqueness in the solar system as a cradle for life.*Blue Origin's Orbital Reef: A Leap Towards Commercial Space HabitatsBlue Origin, in collaboration with Sierra Space, has achieved a significant milestone in the development of the Orbital Reef commercial space station. Under NASA's watchful eye, the project has successfully tested key life support systems essential for sustaining human presence in orbit. With a potential operational date as early as 2027, Orbital Reef aims to provide a voluminous habitat for ten occupants, marking a new era in space exploration and research as the International Space Station approaches retirement.*Space's Role in Climate Change Monitoring IntensifiesThe World Meteorological Organization's latest report delivers a stark reality check, with 2023 witnessing unprecedented levels of greenhouse gases, rising seas, and melting ice. In response, the fleet of Copernicus Sentinel satellites operated by the European Union plays an increasingly vital role in monitoring our changing planet. These eyes in the sky offer critical data, from sea ice dynamics to deforestation, aiding policymakers in crafting strategies to combat the escalating climate crisis.*Dragon's Bounty: A Resupply Mission Brimming with Scientific PromiseSpaceX's CRS-30 mission, aboard the upgraded Dragon spacecraft, has successfully docked with the International Space Station, delivering over 2.7 tonnes of vital supplies and novel experiments. This cache of scientific endeavors includes a joint CSIRO-Boeing 3D mapping project, the Burst Cube satellite for studying cosmic gamma-ray bursts, and the GEARS initiative for identifying antibiotic-resistant microbes in space. With over 250 experiments in progress, the orbiting laboratory continues to be a beacon of discovery and innovation.For more SpaceTime and to support the show, visit our website at https://spacetimewithstuartgary.com where you can access our universal listen link, find show notes, and learn how to become a patron. Listen to SpaceTime on your favorite podcast app with our universal listen link: https://spacetimewithstuartgary.com/listen and access show links via https://linktr.ee/biteszHQ. Support the show: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support. For more space and astronomy podcasts, visit our HQ at https://bitesz.com.This episode of SpaceTime is brought to you by NordPass...the password manager we all need in our lives. And with our special offer, it won't even cost very much money. Grab the deal at www.nordpass.com/stuart ...Remove a lot of angst from your life and help support SpaceTime....#spacetime #podcast #space #astronomy 

Latest news from 25 March 2024, as reported in the Ukrainian media. Easy ways to support us: Subscribe to our Patreon to give monthly support https://www.patreon.com/highlightsfromukraine Send us a one-time 'thank you' tip via PayPal at: highlightsfromukraine@gmail.com Out YouTube channel: https://bit.ly/3oH111z Special thanks to our top Patreon supporters - Helena Pszczolko O'Callaghan, mattg629, krissi, Jared and Dick Warner!

Russia claims missile can reach eight times the speed of sound. If true, it would be the ‘fastest missile in the world', could evade the advanced US Patriot air defence system.  

Day 717.Today, we Russia bring you the latest news from Ukraine as Russia strikes Dnipro and kills civilians across the country. Over the Atlantic, the US Senate passes an Ukraine aid package plagued by delays. Plus, we interview Christopher Miller, the FT's Ukraine Correspondent on Zelensky's military reshuffle.Contributors:David Knowles (Head of Audio Development). @DJKnowles22 on Twitter.Francis Dearnley (Assistant Comment Editor). @FrancisDearnley on Twitter.Melissa Lawford (Economics Reporter). @MelissaLawford on Twitter.Christopher Miller (Ukraine Correspondent, Financial Times). @ChristopherJM on Twitter.Articles Referenced:Timothy Synder's Analysis of Putin's Speech:https://snyder.substack.com/p/putins-genocidal-mythFrancis' Video on 'Putin's Top 3 Lies: from Ukraine to the Second World War':https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_mdvqJy-zVkLive Event:Join us online at the US Embassy in London for a special live recording of Ukraine: The Latest:https://extra.telegraph.co.uk/events/ukraine-latest-london-embassyThe event is on Thursday 15 February and starts at 18:30 GMT (13:30 ET).Q&A with the Team: To mark two years of war, David, Dom, and Francis will be answering Telegraph subscriber questions in a future episode. You can submit them here: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/02/13/qa-russia-ukraine-war-second-anniversary-podcast/Subscribe to The Telegraph: telegraph.co.uk/ukrainethelatestEmail: ukrainepod@telegraph.co.uk Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Is the world "outta time"? Does Poland's Notice-to-All-Air-Missions, concerning Feb. 5-May 5, indicate WWIII within this time frame?  What's happening in Poland that could be so sensitive?  Has the "petro dollar" been exterminated? What's happening at the Gaza/Egypt border?  Could the US defend against Kinzhal or Zircon missiles?  What did Henry Gruver see that is now coming true?  As Jeremiah describes the painful destruction of a country that now "opposes the Lord" (USA), what glorious rays of promises come through the pages in chapters 50-51? Extermination of Christian West TX border wide open: https://www.goyimtv.com/v/1034549356/EAGLE-PASSED Abbott – we'll have border control by Jan. 20 '25 (Trump inauguration): https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2024/01/26/tucker-carlson-interviews-texas-gov Abbot and Trump are WEF'rs: https://greeknewsondemand.com/2024/01/28/greg-abbott-donald-trump-are-both-wef-israel-stooges-abbott-discussed-brexit-at-davos-2020-where-trump-said-klaus-is-doing-a-great-job-will-trump-choose-abbott-as-his-vp/ernor-greg-abbott-we-are-prepared-for-conflict-with-federal-authorities/ Texas Illuminati card of 1995 being played now?: https://t.me/Revelations_and_Rabbit_Holes/9031 There goes the “petro dollar”: https://t.me/GodsRoadmap/1923 UK problem – under 14 yo death rate up 22%: https://t.me/VigilantFox/10685 Migrants who assaulted police exiting court after no-bail release: https://t.me/disclosetv/13209 MAID (Canadian euthanasia machine) murders 13 yo girl wo parental consent: https://t.me/AltSkull48/12840 Deborah Tavaras found a doc on NASA site, site no longer operative, re what weapons will be used against American citizens (beam weapons, Air Force, cyborg take-over 2025, microdust, 36 min, well worth the time): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eN4XICOyRb8 Some border patrol bought off?: https://youtube.com/shorts/Q4O6HJSR-CA?si=Lclzg2b7i15CPt2r Dollar dead: https://www.naturalnews.com/2023-07-23-why-the-dollar-is-finished.html Fed Chair warning – fed spending unsustainable: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c3yRbLrsRl0 Credit card nonpayments surge: https://www.cnbc.com/2024/02/06/credit-card-delinquencies-surged-in-2023-indicating-financial-stress-new-york-fed-says.html Seattle gives BLM destroyers $10 million: https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/law-justice/city-of-seattle-settles-blm-protesters-lawsuit-for-10-million/  NWO Dutch war for right to produce food to go west-wide?: https://vigilantnews.com/post/chaos-erupts-in-brussels-as-rubber-bullets-fired-at-farmers-protesting-outside-eu-parliament/ Farmer protest spreads throughout Europe: https://t.me/VigilantFox/10736 Well, maybe it's already global: https://t.me/GeneralMCNews/7185 Lecture in 1969, “no one can stop us,” 50-year-old lecture describes our lives right now; “Once the Roman Catholic Church is brought down, the rest of Christianity will follow easily.”; “Some of you probably think the Churches won't stand for this,” and he went on to say, “the churches will help us!”; conclusion – they know that true Christians/Yeshua-believers are their #1 enemy:   https://expose-news.com/2024/02/06/astonishing-predictions-from-dr-richard-day-1969-part-1-plans-much-bigger-than-communism/ “Texas State Militia is a problem … let's outlaw it”: https://t.me/AltSkull48/12920 Is Texas militia “well regulated”?: https://theconversation.com/why-the-second-amendment-protects-a-well-regulated-militia-but-not-a-private-citizen-militia-162489 Francis in Vatican - worship Satan: https://rumble.com/v4c1qni-pope-francis-orders-christians-to-pray-to-satan-for-real-enlightenment.html  FF being cooked up?: https://gregreese.substack.com/p/false-flag-warnings-for-martial-law?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=email-half-post&r=12g59e#play Marxist Confusion 50-yr old male-who-professes-to-be-female joins a teenage schoolgirls' swimming team (can enter their ...

Episode 121 Today we are joined by Dr. Chris Impey to talk about exoplanets, the search for life in space, and the search for meaning on Earth.   Dr Impey is a University Distinguished Professor of Astronomy at the University of Arizona. He has over 220 refereed publications on observational cosmology, galaxies, and quasars, and his research has been supported by $20 million in NASA and NSF grants. He has won eleven teaching awards and has taught two online classes with over 300,000 enrolled and 4 million minutes of video lectures watched. He is a past Vice President of the American Astronomical Society, won its Education Prize, has been an NSF Distinguished Teaching Scholar, Carnegie Council's Arizona Professor of the Year, and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Professor. He has written 70 popular articles on cosmology, astrobiology and education, two textbooks, a novel called Shadow World, and eight popular science books: The Living Cosmos, How It Ends, Talking About Life, How It Began, Dreams of Other Worlds, Humble Before the Void, Beyond: The Future of Space Travel, and Einstein's Monsters: The Life and Times of Black Holes.    Support this podcast on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/DowntheWormholepodcast   More information at https://www.downthewormhole.com/   produced by Zack Jackson music by Zack Jackson and Barton Willis    Transcript (AI Generated) ian (01:16.703) Our guest today is a university distinguished professor of astronomy at the University of Arizona. He has over 220 refereed publications on observational cosmology, galaxies, and quasars, and his research has been supported by $20 million in NASA and NSF grants. He's won 11 teaching awards and has taught two online classes with over 300,000 enrolled and 4 million minutes of video lectures watched. He's a past vice president of the American Astronomical Society, has been an NSF Distinguished Teaching Scholar, Carnegie Council's Arizona Professor of the Year, and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute professor. He has written 70 popular articles on cosmology, astrobiology, and education, two textbooks, a novel called Shadow World and eight popular science books. I'm very excited to welcome Dr. Chris Impey to the podcast today. chris_impey (02:07.898) Yeah, delighted to be with you. zack_jackson (02:09.75) Welcome. That's quite an introduction. Ha ha ha. Thanks for watching. I hope you enjoyed this video. I'll see you in the next one. Bye. ian (02:12.983) Yeah. Obviously, I shortened down what you sent us, and it was tough for me to do that, Chris, because you've done a lot. You know, obviously, I was at fellow academic. I understand the need to do peer-reviewed research and those types of things in our field, but I was really impressed with how much writing you've done for the general public, both articles and also your books. You've written a novel. You've been on several podcasts. Can you kind of tell us a little bit about your background, what is you do, and then how you also got into that part of your profession of making sure you communicate with the general public as well? chris_impey (02:53.298) Sure, you won't hear it in my voice, my accent, but I was born into Edinburgh, I'm a Scott. I had a little transatlantic childhood that sort of wiped out the Scottish borough, but if you feed me single malt whiskey it would come back. And of course, I'm sure you noticed if you've gone to Britain that you look up and there are not many stars visible there. So once I decided to do astronomy I knew I was going to leave, so I did my undergrad work in London. zack_jackson (03:04.15) Thank you. Bye. Ha ha ha! chris_impey (03:22.938) and never look back and I'm a dual citizen now. So astronomy is big in Arizona. I've not looked elsewhere. The grass is never greener anywhere else. We're building the biggest telescopes in the world and we have five observatories within an hour's drive. So this is the perfect place to do observational astronomy. So I'm very happy. But then as people's careers evolve, you know, the writing research papers is important. It's the sort of stocking trade of the academic. But it's also, you know, the texture of the average research article is that of a three-day old bologna sandwich. It's almost designed to be indigestible writing. The constraints of an academic discourse make that happen. So I was always interested in more popular writing, so I segued into textbooks. And then I realized the problem with them is that you've written a textbook and that's a nice challenge. But then the publisher just wants you to update it every year or so. It's like, okay, that's not so exciting. I think I'm not going to do this anymore. And then I think more broadly, apart from just liking education and being very committed to teaching and mentoring students, you know, I've just seen the, well, even before the sort of large waves of misinformation and the assault on facts in our culture, it's, I viewed it as an obligation of a professional scientist to communicate to a larger audience because, well, to be blunt, we're paid by the taxpayer. zack_jackson (04:26.05) Thank you. Bye. zack_jackson (04:44.15) Hmm. chris_impey (04:54.118) And also, there's a lot of misinformation out there, and science is often misperceived or characterized in wrong and inappropriate ways. And so I think all scientists should not just stay in their little lane doing research, but they should, if they can, some better than others. And not everyone can be Neil deGrasse Tyson. That's fine. But I think there's an obligation to communicate to larger audiences. And once I got into it and got practiced and better at it, then I now understand that I mean, it's like I couldn't imagine not doing it. chris_impey (05:32.018) And the books just, okay. And so books just flow out of that because writing popular articles is just a sort of lighter version of writing a technical article. And then, you know, you want a meaty subject. You do a book-length version. So I've been writing about cosmology and astrobiology. And I've started about 10 years ago I say, I think this is my ninth book, Exoplanets. So books are fun. They're more challenging. ian (05:32.543) I almost had to sneeze. Sorry, go ahead. Ha ha ha. chris_impey (06:01.958) to take on a big subject and distill it down and make it, you gotta make it, have a resonance for a person with no, maybe with no background in astronomy or maybe just a little background and you're taking them through what could be a very esoteric subject. So that, I like the challenge of that. Although the books are exhausting. Once I've done a book, I don't wanna, I almost don't wanna look at a book or read a book or write a book for a while. zack_jackson (06:28.65) do people ask you like when's the next one coming out? Like right after you finish. It's like having a baby. I'm not sure if you can tell, but I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. chris_impey (06:31.898) Of course. Yeah, they are. Yeah, it's like I'm not going to go there about the having a baby because my wife would my wife would give me a hard time. There's nothing like having a baby. You can't even imagine, you know, and and and she and yeah, and she's right. But like having a baby, you know, women may feel that and then they do it again, you know, so I write the book, have have a slight, you know, trauma afterwards or just let down. It's a little bit of a let down sometimes. zack_jackson (06:43.89) That is a good man. Good job. ian (06:45.766) Yes. chris_impey (07:01.918) you finished any big-ish thing. But I do like writing, so I'm committed to it. zack_jackson (07:02.094) Hmm. ian (07:09.303) Yeah. zack_jackson (07:10.05) So you're writing and thinking and studying a lot about exoplanets these days. So you're writing and thinking and studying a lot about exoplanets these days. So you're writing and thinking and studying a lot about exoplanets these days. So you're writing and thinking and studying a lot about exoplanets these days. So you're writing and thinking and studying a lot about exoplanets these days. So you're writing and thinking and studying a lot about exoplanets these days. So you're writing and thinking and studying a lot about exoplanets these days. So you're writing and thinking and studying a lot chris_impey (07:15.718) Yeah, it's a super hot field with the number has up to 5,300 last time I checked on NASA's website. And remember, you know, 1995, the number was zero. So this is all, this is all the last few decades and it's just growing gangbusters. And now it's a slightly unfortunate because I have, we have students here who are working on exoplanets or astrobiology. And, you know, there was a time when if you discovered one cool Earth-like planet or water world, ian (07:27.244) I remember that. chris_impey (07:45.818) about it. Well now you know you'd have to find a hundred interesting things to write a paper. So the bar has been raised just by the success of the field. But the interesting thing is that it's moving to a new phase. So the most of what's known about those 5300 exoplanets is not much at all. They're basically is either a mass or a size or maybe both and you get a density and know it's a gas planet or a rocky planet. And that's it. We can't characterize zack_jackson (07:46.792) Hmm. zack_jackson (07:54.15) Yeah. zack_jackson (08:04.316) Hmm. chris_impey (08:15.698) thousands of exoplanets. So the next stage of the game, everyone's taking a deep breath in the research field is to try and characterize the atmospheres and the geology and of course find life. And that's just a very hard experiment. It's just much harder than detecting an exoplanet in the first place. So there's sort of excitement in the air because if I were betting, I would say that within five to seven years, we will have done the experiment of looking for life or Earth planets that are nearest to us and will either know the answer. Either there will be microbes on those planets that have altered their atmospheres or there won't be and that will be an amazing experiment to have done. So it's really on the horizon. But it's daunting because it's a very difficult experiment. Earth-like planets are a billion times fainter than the stars they orbit. So you have to, and they're far away so they appear very close to their star. So you have to isolate the planet from the star, blot out the billion times brighter and then smear the feeble reflected light from the exoplanet into a spectrum and look for molecules that indicate life like oxygen, ozone, methane, water vapor and so on. ian (09:26.503) But the molecules you're looking for are always in the atmosphere itself, right? Like you wouldn't, and I understand that, and I think we all do, but, you know, some people listening may not realize that that's, that's what you're looking at. When you're talking about with the spectrum is that makeup of the atmosphere, nothing about like if there's, if it's a rocky planet, what's on the ground, I guess. zack_jackson (09:26.614) Now. chris_impey (09:30.458) there. chris_impey (09:45.358) Right, right. And it's important for people to realize that the characterizing the exoplanets is done in that indirect way. For instance, of those 5,300, only 150 have ever had an image made of them. You know, seeing is believing. It's nice to have images of exoplanets. That's a hard thing. And those images are, you know, they're pathetic, a few pixels. They're just pale blue dots in a far away. So there's no, and if you ask this, ian (10:02.488) Right. zack_jackson (10:03.35) Thank you. Thank you. chris_impey (10:15.678) The question of when will we be able to make an image of an exoplanet to be able to see continents and oceans? The answer is maybe never. The answer is decades or a very long time because it's just too hard to make images that sharp of things that far away, even with space telescopes. So astronomers have to be a little more indirect and the clever method that's on the table now and will be done, James Webb is doing some of this but was never built to do this experiment, it will actually be better done with the huge... set of ground-based telescopes under construction. So the experiment is you use the star to backlight the exoplanet when it crosses in front of it, and the backlit, the light from the star filters through the atmosphere of the exoplanet and imprints absorption from these relevant molecules called biosignatures. So that's the experiment you're doing. And it's still hard. And it's also not clear you'll get an unambiguous answer. You know, obviously, and its cousin ozone are the prime biomarkers because on Earth, the oxygen we breathe, one part and five of our air, was put there by microbes billions of years ago. So the reverse logic is if you see oxygen on an exoplanet or in the atmosphere of an exoplanet, it must have been put there by life because oxygen is so reactive, so volatile that it disappears. If there's not life to sustain it, say the biosphere of the Earth shut down overnight, the entire biosphere just shut down. ian (11:41.803) Thank you. Thank you. chris_impey (11:45.458) just imagine the thought experiment. Within five to seven billion, a million years, so very short time in geological terms, the oxygen, that one part in five we breathe, would be gone. It would rust things, it would dissolve in seawater, it would oxidize with rocks, and it would be gone. So if it were not put there originally by life and then sustained by photosynthesis and other life processes, it would disappear. So the logic, therefore, is if you see it elsewhere, bang, it's got to be microbes putting it there and causing it to be there. ian (12:16.845) Yeah. zack_jackson (12:16.95) Hmm, unless there's some hitherto unknown non-living process by which these things happen. chris_impey (12:24.058) Right. So that's a good point. And there is a debate there because the data that's going to come in, well, first of all, it'll be noisy. It won't be beautiful, perfect spectra. So they'll be ambiguous to interpret. And then when you see it, what is the, where's, does the bar set for being enough? And the geologists have weighed in on this. And so whereas the sort of simplistic view as well, if you see any significant level of oxygen, certainly 18% like on the earth, what's got to be biology. zack_jackson (12:41.694) Yeah. chris_impey (12:54.218) That's pretty much true, but geologists have figured out ways where without biology, just with geochemical reactions, if you conjure up a geochemistry, you can get 6%, 5%, 7% oxygen. That's quite a lot, more than most people would have expected. So the geologists are saying, well, hold on. Yes, a lot of oxygen is probably a biomarker, but you would have to know more about the planet to be sure that it didn't have some weird chemistry and geology going on. for any of the other biomarkers. Methane is a biomarker too because it's produced on earth, you know, mostly by life, a good fraction of that, cow farts I think. But so it's the same argument. So these wonderful and difficult to obtain spectra are going to be, everyone's going to jump all over them and hope they give an unambiguous answer, but they might not. Science is not always as cut and dried as that at the frontier, which is where we are. But it's the zack_jackson (13:34.511) Hmm. Sure. chris_impey (13:53.958) exciting experiment and it will be done fairly soon. ian (13:58.804) Okay. chris_impey (14:01.358) And then a sort of related issue is that it's not just microbes. I mean, that's just looking for life as we know it on the earth. You could also look with the same technique, and this is an interesting possibility, for what are called techno signatures. So biosignatures is just evidence of life, typically microbes, because we think most life in the universe is going to be microbial, even if it's not exactly like our form of biology. But you could also look for things technology like chlorofluorocarbons, which you know, were responsible for almost killing the ozone layer for a few decades until we sort of ruled them out of refrigeration units. And there are other chemicals that are produced by industrial activity in a civilization, which would normally be very trace ingredients in an atmosphere, barely, you know, not present at all really. And if you could detect them in an atmosphere, it would be indirect evidence of a technological or industrial civilization. Realization on that planet and that will be very exciting. So that's the same method being used to ask a very different question But it's a more challenging experiment because these are trace ingredients. I'll give you an example I mean, we're all aware of climate change global warming and we've seen the carbon dioxide content of our atmosphere Increased by 30% roughly in the last few decades. That's quite a lot. It's obviously concerning and we know the implications But if you step back and look at the earth from afar and say, well, shouldn't that just be obvious? Shouldn't some other alien civilization look at the Earth and say, oh, those people are really screwing up. They're killing their atmosphere with climate change and fossil fuel burning? The answer is probably not because carbon dioxide is a trace ingredient of our atmosphere, and 30% increase on a trace ingredient would actually be very hard to detect from a distance. So even that dramatic thing that we are all anxious about on our planet industrial activity and fossil fuels is not dramatically obvious from a distance. So these are quite difficult experiments. The techno-signature experiment is much harder than the biosignature experiment. zack_jackson (16:13.592) Hmm. ian (16:14.165) Interesting. rachael (16:17.101) One of the things that you had said when looking at these exoplanets was, you know, we look at them and we want to see them and what's going on with them. And then you added the line, and of course, detect life. And that's where our conversation has gone for the last couple of minutes. But I'm wondering, you added that phrase that seems to think that finding life is part, entire reason for studying exoplanets. And I'm wondering, A, why you think that? And B, what that says about, you know, making it very narcissistic and Earth-centered, what that says about us. chris_impey (16:54.799) Mm-hmm. chris_impey (17:02.778) Right. Okay. So good question. I can unpack that in parts. I mean, yes, if I were a geologist or a planetary scientist, I'd be just pleased as punch and happy as a pig in a poke to just study exoplanets. That's all that I'm happy. I've got 5300 new, new geological worlds to study. Whereas the solar system only has a handful. Oh, yeah. So depending on your discipline, you might be totally zack_jackson (17:16.049) Hehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehe rachael (17:19.507) Right! chris_impey (17:32.718) properties. But astrobiology, I mean astrobiology writ large is the study of life in the universe, and the context for that search for life in the universe is the fact that we only know of one example of life, and that's on this planet. And everything in astronomy and the history of astronomy, and the Copernicus onwards, has told us we're not special, has told us there's nothing singular zack_jackson (17:59.891) Thank you. Bye. chris_impey (18:02.718) about our solar system, about our galaxy, or our position in the galaxy, and so on. In space and time, we are not special. And so, you know, for biology to be unique to this planet, when the ingredients are widespread, we've detected carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, the biogenic elements out to distances of 12, 13 billion light years, almost to the birth of the universe. Water is one of the, you might think it's special. Earth is a water world. Well, actually, some of the exoplanets have 10 to 30 times more water. water than the Earth. So it's not, the Earth isn't really a water world even, pale blue dot, it's not that special. And water is one of the most abundant molecules in the universe too. So all the ingredients, the table is set for life in the universe. And as the universe is evolved and is quite old, more and more of those biogenic elements are made by stars and spat out into space to become part of new star systems and planets. And so in an old mature universe with a lot of heavy elements, and with many habitable locations now, we the best guess is 20 billion Earth-like habitable worlds just in our galaxy, then it just, whether or not it's central to astrobiology, it absolutely begs the question, is biology unique to this planet? Because it really shouldn't be statistically. However, logically, you know, to be correct and scientific, it's possible that there were a unique set of accidents and flukes that led to life on Earth, and it is unique. It would still chris_impey (19:33.038) It's historical science to wonder how life on earth developed and nobody's ever built a cell from scratch in the lab people have done various parts of that experiment and They can't connect all the dots, but they've done some very interesting experiments that certainly suggest It's not a fluke that the whole thing happened. You need time. You need the possibilities of Chemicals bumping into each other and getting more complex, but that tends to happen It happens if you do it in a computer it in a lab as well as you can. And so the context of the ingredients for life being so widespread and there not seeming to be any sort of bizarre, flukish occurrence in the development of at least replicating molecules that could store information, if not a full cell, would certainly lead you to anticipate life elsewhere. And then game on, because the big question then is, so there are two almost binary questions you're trying to answer, which is why the field is so exciting. Is there life beyond Earth, yes or no? And then if yes, is it like our life? Is it biology? Because everything on Earth, from a fungal spore to a butterfly to a blue whale, is the same biological experiment. They seem like very diverse things, but that's one genetic code. experiment that led to that diversity after a long time, after four billion years of evolution. And there's no reason to expect, even if the ingredients for life and the basis for biology exist far beyond Earth and in many locations, there's no real reason to expect that it would play out the same way elsewhere. And so that second question, is it like Earth life, is a very big question. rachael (21:27.201) Just as a curiosity, when did, if you know, when did microbes appear on Earth? chris_impey (21:39.158) So the earliest, the indications of life on Earth, the history of that is really tricky, because as you know, the Earth is a restless planet, and we weren't there, it's historical science, and it's possible you may never answer the question, but the big problem is the restless Earth. It's very hard, there's only a handful of places on Earth, Western Australia, Greenland, somewhere in South Africa, where you can find four billion year old rocks. They just don't exist. I mean, everything's been churned by geology and eroded rachael (21:46.661) We weren't there. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. rachael (21:56.104) Right. chris_impey (22:09.338) Weathered and so on so just even and that's about when we think life started So you're dealing with you know a crime scene where the evidence has been trampled many times and the crowds have just Obliterated the evidence so that's a hard thing and then the second hard thing is that the incipient Traces of life as you get to cells are very indirect They're sort of just you they're biochemical tracers or sorry there. They're chemical imbalances isotopic imbalances of versus normal carbon and so on. Because you're not looking for fully fossilized cells. So if you're just looking at what would be called chemical tracers of life, they're pretty good, but argumentative, this field is not resolved, traces that go back about 3.8 billion years. If you're asking when do you have the first fossil life forms, fossilized microbes, single cells, rachael (23:00.421) Okay. chris_impey (23:09.238) to 3.4, 3.5 billion years, and that's people then stop arguing about it. I think they believe that evidence. And then there's this enormous long time between that and multi-celled organisms. That step in the evolution of life seems to have taken a long time. You could infer that that means it's difficult or doesn't happen very often, but that's a dangerous inference from data of one. All the inferences, hazardous. So astrobiologists have to keep pinching themselves and saying, it's a sample of one. It's a sample of one. rachael (23:30.921) Thank you. Thank you. zack_jackson (23:32.75) Thank you. Bye. rachael (23:39.721) One does not make a line. One day to... That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. That's right. chris_impey (23:41.139) Don't draw too many conclusions. So, yeah, the cell formation, the evolution of the first cells and microbes seem to have taken 300 or 400 million years from the first chemical traces of life. But those chemical traces, we don't know. There's that Zircon that was found in Western Australia, 4.404 billion years accurately measured by radioactive dating. chris_impey (24:09.378) environment and so there's evidence really soon after the earth formed when it was just a hellhole of a place you know impacts and craters and geological activity that the earth surface was almost tacky like magma and yet there were there were any ingredients for life there so nobody would rule out life going back very close to the formation of the earth but then but tracing all these evolutionary paths is really hard I mean we have stromatolites which are modern descendants of the first microbial colonies. You can go to Western Australia, Shark's Bay, I've been there and it's great, they're stromatolites. These were just the same as they were now three billion years ago, it's really cool. One of the things you can't see behind me is my stromatolite collection. rachael (24:53.985) Yeah. rachael (24:59.962) One of the reasons, yeah, that's fascinating. It makes a collector about that. It makes a collector. Um. Yeah. zack_jackson (25:00.071) kind of a few collections chris_impey (25:01.578) Yeah. Oh, well, three. Does that make a collection? ian (25:05.749) It's good enough. chris_impey (25:07.958) Well, yes. It's like primitive counting systems, one, two, many. So I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. I have many. rachael (25:13.941) That's right. zack_jackson (25:15.016) Ha! rachael (25:19.021) One of the reasons I was asking that question about Earth, because you were talking about these very far away planets and looking for microbial, likely microbial life, then showing up in the atmosphere by its various products. And so my question was stemming from how far back are these planets that we're looking at? a really long time to create its microbes, then perhaps, since we're looking so far back in time, that maybe those microbes exist now, but when we're looking at them, they didn't exist. Right, that lovely time, space question. chris_impey (25:51.579) Mm-hmm. chris_impey (26:02.098) Right. So in that context, it's important to say that the exoplanets we're finding are in our backyard. So Kepler, NASA's Kepler mission is really responsible for almost half the exoplanets, even though it stopped operating a few years ago. And so the most exoplanets we know of are within 100 to 1,000 light years. And that's our backyard. The Milky Way is 100,000 light years across. rachael (26:12.785) Okay. rachael (26:28.064) Oh, close. Yeah. chris_impey (26:32.398) And of course, logically, therefore, we're only seeing them as they were a century or millennium ago, which is no time geologically. So we can't see that far back. So we're not really looking at ancient history. However, the more important point, having mentioned that carbon nitrogen, oxygen, and water have been around in the universe for a long time, is that we now can very confidently say, even if we can't locate such objects, that an earth clone, rachael (26:32.606) Okay. rachael (26:38.901) Yeah, it's no time at all. Yeah. chris_impey (27:02.098) something as close to Earth as you could imagine, could have been created within a billion years of the Big Bang. And that's seven billion years before the Earth formed. So there are potential biological experiments out there that have a seven billion year head start on us and then add the four billion four and a half billion years of evolution. And that's boggling because you know, we can't imagine what evolution and biology might come up with given 10 or 12 billion years to evolve rather zack_jackson (27:11.75) Hmm. chris_impey (27:31.958) Maybe it makes no difference at all. Maybe these things are slow and they're hard and the Earth was actually one of the fastest kids on the block rather than one of the slowest kids on the block. We don't know. Sample of one again. We'll just put that as a big asterisk over almost everything I say so I don't have to keep saying sample of one. Okay. zack_jackson (27:32.014) Hmm. rachael (27:41.861) Simple of one. zack_jackson (27:42.808) Yeah. zack_jackson (27:48.834) No. rachael (27:49.221) That'll just be today's episode title, right? Today's sample of one. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. chris_impey (27:51.14) Yeah, right. zack_jackson (27:52.65) That's Apple F1. chris_impey (27:55.038) Yeah, induction is a bitch when you can't do it. zack_jackson (27:55.492) So. zack_jackson (28:02.51) So we've talked a lot about the how it's possible, how we might detect it, but what do you think it might do to our sense of self and our sense of spirituality, our sense of humanity, our sense of earth? Should we start discovering life outside of, or at least biological markers in other places? chris_impey (28:28.898) Right. I mean, I think it sort of bifurcates if we find microbial life elsewhere and improve it, you know, it's beyond a reasonable doubt. And even if we don't know if it's our biology or not, it's just a biomarker that's irrefutable or set of biomarkers. That will be a transformative, epochal event in the history of science. It'll be dramatic. But it will make front page headlines and then fade, I would say, fairly rapidly, because it's microbes. zack_jackson (28:44.618) Mm-hmm. chris_impey (28:58.858) Like, that's Ponskum or stuff on your shower curtain, like, okay, who cares? So, I mean being facetious, but not too facetious, because I think the public will just be interested and science interested people will be very interested, and books will be written, and documentaries will be made, and so on. But in the public consciousness, I don't think it will permeate very far or persist very long. Of course, the counterpoint of if we decide we found intelligent life in the universe through those techno markers. zack_jackson (29:03.391) Ha ha ha. chris_impey (29:28.978) you know, the search for artificial radio or optical signals from some civilization. So they're obviously artificial and they couldn't have been produced by nature. That will be more profound, of course, because that's companionship in the universe. And that will raise all sorts of questions. So I think it really divides that way. And since the universe logically, if life exists in the universe elsewhere, there'll be many more microbes than intelligent civilizations. You know. ian (29:29.523) Mm-hmm. chris_impey (29:58.858) seed in that first mode. Although SETI is a side bet. I mean SETI for 65 years has been placing this little side bet. Okay, yeah, we can look for microbes and those are hard experiments and now we can almost do it. But let's always place this side bet of jumping over the evolutionary path from microbes to men or humans and look for those intelligent technological civilizations directly. And so it's worth doing. I'm not science scientists are divided on SETI, even astronomers are divided on it, whether it's a worthwhile pursuit or not, whether it's even scientific or not. That's the strongest critique of SETI is that unlike, you know, if I wanted to go to the National Science Foundation and get a million dollar grant to study some issue of, you know, solid state physics or high energy physics, I'd have to propose an experiment and define my parameters and how I was going to control variables and say how I would interpret the data. could refute or confirm. SETI doesn't have that kind of situation. They don't know how to define success or failure even. Well, they can define success more or less, but they can't define failure and they can't say what the probability of success is. So it's not a normal scientific pursuit. So that's the critique of SETI from scientists, but I still think it's worth doing. ian (31:04.946) Right. ian (31:23.628) Yeah. rachael (31:24.842) You talked about, and I think you're probably right in terms of how much people will care in the long run or in their day-to-day life or, right? Okay, so we found some microbes from, you know, a thousand light years away. I don't, that didn't reduce my student loan at all. But like, didn't, thank you. It's nice, saw the headlines. It's now three years later. chris_impey (31:45.018) Right. rachael (31:54.441) But I've noticed that you did a lot of work with the Vatican and with monks, and I think that that's a different population that might respond to and other religious figures, but specifically those I'm asking you because those are the groups that you've worked with. They might respond a little bit differently to this existence. Could you speak a little bit ian (32:01.35) Yeah chris_impey (32:16.803) Right. rachael (32:23.726) in this idea of how it would change. chris_impey (32:25.658) Sure. And maybe preface it with just the cultural comment, with independent religion, that the other issue that will arise with, I mean, if microbial life is found elsewhere and astrobiology is a real field with the subject matter, finally, yeah, it's foundational for science. And of course, it terraforms biology because, you know, if you want to poke, if physicists want to poke at biologists who say, well, you just spent your whole life studying one form of biology, What about all the other forms? You don't have a general theory of biology like we have a standard model of particle physics because you've just been studying one thing like staring at your navel. Well, what about all that stuff out there? Okay, so so it'll be a big deal for biology for all of science but on the intelligent life or advanced life, the problem with what happens outside the scientific community is it's not a tabula rasa. It's not a blank slate. The popular culture, especially in the US ian (32:59.524) Hmm. ian (33:08.503) Thank you. Bye. chris_impey (33:25.718) but almost everywhere now, is so primed for the fact that, A, it's already there and sure, and B, it's visited, and three, it's abducted some of our people, and four, it can make a list of all the conspiracy theories and wild ideas about alien life. And they're just so embedded in the popular culture that it's like that the fact of the existence of intelligent aliens has been amortized. It's sort of been, it's just already been built in. zack_jackson (33:39.8) Thank you. chris_impey (33:55.698) in to the culture. And so, you know, that would lead to a collective shrug. Well, sure, we knew that, you know, the government's been hiding this stuff from us for 70 years, since Roswell. So, you know, and now your astronomers are coming along and telling us, oh, it exists and you're all excited, really? Oh, come on, you know. So I think that's the larger cultural issue or problem or whatever, it's not a problem, it's just amusing to me. But as far as a religious reaction to this, and I'll say, zack_jackson (34:02.271) Hmm. rachael (34:04.421) Thank you. Bye. zack_jackson (34:05.05) Thank you. Bye. zack_jackson (34:12.722) Ha! chris_impey (34:25.698) the gate that I'm an agnostic, which my wife's a pretty hardcore atheist. And so she gives me a hard time about being agnostic. She thinks that's a kind of, it's a kind of wussy position to take. But I, and I argue with her, we argue vigorously about that one. I argue with her and I use the phrase that was attributed to Feynman. And I think he did say this in the biography of Richard Feynman, famous physicist. His biographer said, zack_jackson (34:43.45) Fantastic. chris_impey (34:55.738) Feynman believed in the primacy of doubt and that he held as a high scientific mark and doubt skepticism and doubt is a is a very high mark of a scientist. So I'm proud to wear that mantle of skepticism doubt of not being sure and being okay with not being sure. So I'm an agnostic but I do keep bad company and some of that bad company is Jesuits. Don't you know, don't don't go drinking with Jesuits. You'll you'll you'll end up in a rachael (34:59.461) Thank you. Bye. ian (35:13.024) Right. zack_jackson (35:14.092) Yeah. chris_impey (35:25.798) and a Rome gutter somewhere and they'll be they'll have got back home safely. With the Buddhists, the other group I hang out with, you don't have to worry about being drunk in a gutter because they really don't drink. They do bend the rules a bit, you know, I've seen them eat a lot of meat for people who are supposed to be vegans and vegetarians. But anyway, those are the two tribes that I've sort of affiliated myself with. And their reactions or perspectives on life in the universe is are quite different. They're interesting. Each the Buddhists that I've been with and I've read behind this of course and read some of their More you know the scholarly articles written about this It is completely unexceptional in their tradition to contemplate a universe filled with life That could be more advanced It could be human like or it could be more advanced or different from humans in also a vast universe with cycles of time and birth and and death of the universe and rebirth of other universes. So the Byzantine possibilities of life in the universe are pretty standard stuff for them and would not surprise them at all. They do get into more tricky issues when they come to define life itself, which biologists of course have trouble with, or sentience, which is also a tricky issue. But on the larger issue of the existence of life in the universe far beyond Earth, that's just non-controversial. zack_jackson (36:48.35) Hmm. chris_impey (36:55.898) to them and when I say that's what we anticipate and that's what scientists expect it's like okay sure and the Jesuits are in a different slightly different space they're of course in an unusual space as we know within the Catholic Church because they're you know they're the scholarly branch you know they're they're devoted to scholarship they from Gregory and the calendar reform they were liberated to measure ian (37:17.944) Mm-hmm. chris_impey (37:25.678) the heavens and then eventually that just segwayed smoothly into doing astronomy research. The Jesuits have been doing pretty straight up astronomical research since certainly the early 19th century, so quite a long time. And they have that sort of intellectual independence of being able to pursue those ideas. All the Jesuit astronomers I know, there are I think 11 or 12 in the Vatican Observatory and they all live the double life. They're all PhD astronomers. rachael (37:37.221) Thank you. chris_impey (37:55.798) with parishes. So it's not a problem. Whoever else, whoever elsewhere might think there's a conflict between science and religion, they don't see it. They don't feel it. And if you ask... Yeah. Yeah. ian (38:05.145) Mm-hmm. zack_jackson (38:06.03) No. And if anyone out there wants to hear more about that, they can listen to episode episode 113 with brother guy, the, uh, the director. Yeah. ian (38:10.246) We have an episode. chris_impey (38:13.821) Right. ian (38:15.343) Director of the Vatican Observatory. chris_impey (38:16.418) Sure, sure. So I've known guys since, well, since he was a grad student actually, and a long time. And yes, and so they, they're pursuing it from a scholarly direction. And for them, it's also uncontroversial that there would be life elsewhere. Now, what is the, you know, what does that do to God's creation when you imagine that Earth and humans are no longer the centerpiece of it? That's a more interesting question. zack_jackson (38:22.034) Wow. chris_impey (38:46.298) I've had debates about that. And I heard Jose Funes, who was the previous director of the Vatican Observatory and Argentinian astronomer, in a press conference actually in the Vatican City State when we had a conference on astrobiology. In response to a question about astrobiology, because that was what the conference was about, he gave a very interesting answer. He said he gave a parable of Christ in the flock of sheep and how there was the sheep that was lost. you know, you had to gather back to the rest of the flock. And he didn't complete the story, he just left it hanging there. And so you were left wondering, are we the lost sheep, you know, and the other, and all the intelligent aliens out there are the rest of the flock? And what's the message, you know? So he sort of almost muddied the waters with his little parable. But in the manner of how they view the universe, zack_jackson (39:27.914) Hmm. rachael (39:28.621) Thank you. Bye. zack_jackson (39:33.792) Hmm. chris_impey (39:46.398) the rules of physics. I used to teach a team graduate cosmology with Bill Staker, who is one of their tribe. Sadly, he died a few years ago. We teach cosmology and he's a relativist. He works on general relativity and the Big Bang and all that. And if I was just wanting to pull his leg at breakfast, we had breakfast before we taught us to organize ourselves. I could do one of two things. I could say, oh, Bill, physics, we got you with physics. is squeezed back to the first 10 to the minus 43 seconds. Got to the gaps, there it is, that's a little gap. And then physics owns the rest, you know. And then if I was really feeling frisky, I'd sort of, since he was a Catholic, I'd tease him about the three impossible things he has to believe every morning before breakfast. Virgin birth, resurrection, et cetera, you know. So I don't know how all those circles are squared truly because we've had, you know, I've had conversations. zack_jackson (40:22.572) Hmm. zack_jackson (40:26.32) Hehehehehe zack_jackson (40:35.05) Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. chris_impey (40:46.798) But I know that it's not a conflict or a tension or even a problem to imagine life in the universe and even intelligent life. So for neither of those two very different religious tribes, does it seem to be an issue? ian (41:06.443) So can you talk more about, especially how you got involved? Cause I think that science for the monks and nuns program was really interesting. And, you know, one, how you got involved, but you know, reading your book Humble Before the Void was just very interesting to kind of see about your experience from there. And you told us before we started recording that you wrote that after your first time going and that you've been there eight or nine times now. What has all of this been like for you? How has it had an impact on your work and also your personal life? if yes and what ways. chris_impey (41:38.798) Yeah, it was a sort of profound, it's been a profound experience since 2008, I guess, so it's almost 15 years and eight trips. So the first time was one of those great things of you come across the transom professionally. Sometimes I got a call from a colleague that I didn't know that well, who he knew I had an education, a good reputation as an educator. And he just called me, he's a postdoc at Berkeley actually, an environmental science postdoc. He said, how'd you like to go and teach the Dalai Lama's monks cosmology? And it's not a question you ruminate over or look at your skit, look at, oh, I'll check my calendar. Let me get back to you. No, you just say yes, and then you make it happen. So I said yes, and then it happened. And I was savvy enough in hindsight to take my 17-year-old Paul with me on that trip. And he'd never been anywhere out, he'd been to Europe a couple of times, but he'd never been to Asia or anywhere exotic. zack_jackson (42:14.65) Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha rachael (42:17.821) Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha zack_jackson (42:23.05) Thank you. Bye. chris_impey (42:38.738) if you like. And so that was a profound trip in that sense. It was a bonding with your 17-year-old and you know, we were a little more adventurous together than either of us might have been on our own. And so the context was that invitation. And then I learned that his holiness the Dalai Lama, who famously has said in his autobiography that if he hadn't been selected at age four to be the of compassion would have been an engineer. Fine, that's an interesting statement to make. But, and it meant that when he was a child in Eastern Tibet, in a pretty primitive village, you know, he would just infuriate his parents by taking apart their clocks and mechanical devices and never quite putting them together again. So he had this analytic and mechanical and engineering and scientific mindset even as a child. And then of course his future was cast into the role he had zack_jackson (43:11.134) Hmm. zack_jackson (43:25.992) Hmm. chris_impey (43:38.798) he took. But he's always had that strong interest in science. So he looked around 20 or so years ago and realized that the monastic tradition, his, the Gelug tradition, of course, or other traditions in Buddhism, was sort of outdated. You know, the monastic training was extremely rigorous. They take years and years of rhetoric and philosophy and theology and comparative religion and all sorts of things. But there's very little science, very little math. And in the schools, there's zack_jackson (43:39.972) Bye. chris_impey (44:08.718) very little science and very little math. And he just thought that was unacceptable. He said, my monks and nuns, the nun part actually did come later. And that was a good part of his work to make the level of playing field for monastic training to include nuns. But he just said, these my monastics cannot be prepared for life in the 21st century if they don't have science and math. And so in the manner that he does these things, he just looked around and waved his arm and said, make this happen, you know, and I've now zack_jackson (44:19.05) Thank you. Thank you. zack_jackson (44:30.035) Yeah. zack_jackson (44:37.45) Hehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehehe chris_impey (44:38.798) heard from proximity to people in his orbit that his holiness, the Dalai Lama says a lot of things. He has great ideas. He's very activist. He's very visionary. And he says all sorts of things. And people scurry around and sometimes they just ignore him. Sometimes nothing happens. But this one, they decided to make it happen. And what happened was they looked around Dharamsala chris_impey (45:08.658) the blue, who was an educator and a scientist, a young scientist. And they just glommed on to him and they said, Hey, can you help us with this? Can you set something up? And so he set up the science for monks program, then science for monks and nuns. When the nuns came on board and I was one of the early people he called. And so the model was to bring three to four Western teachers in different subjects. The Dalai Lama's core interest. it doesn't mirror a bit his interests, which are evolutionary biology, neuroscience, physics, math, and then environmental sciences come on board too. So it's not every field of science. So these, we would come out as Western teachers and there'd be cohorts of monks and then monks and nuns, about 24 in a group. And we do three week intensive workshops and they're very intense, you know, we're in the classroom six, seven hours a day and then our evening sessions or observing zack_jackson (45:50.671) Hmm. chris_impey (46:08.658) telescopes. So it's kind of grueling actually, but it's inspiring as well. And eventually, the idea is that enough of the monks and nuns will be trained to be educators themselves, and you won't need to depend on Westerners to come out and do this. And they're not really there yet, but they could get there. I don't want them to get there, because then I won't get invited out. So it was a singular experience. And the book I wrote, of course, was fresh, zack_jackson (46:24.494) Hmm. chris_impey (46:38.738) I was really, I wrote it not long after the first trip. And to your question of did it affect me or change me? Well, yes, in many ways, some of which I probably haven't fully appreciated. I mean, first of all, it was a deep embedding in a culture, in a way that I'd never done. I was pretty experienced world traveler, but in that sort of slightly superficial way of someone who goes to Asia and tries to hang out and go to a bar in a local restaurant and see the sights, but you don't really get to know the people ian (47:05.228) Mm-hmm chris_impey (47:08.838) you're moving around. So being three weeks, sometimes four weeks, and then traveling with them afterwards or during, you know, really you get to learn the culture. You also see in these northern Indian towns, most of the workshops are in northern India, there's now in southern India, Bidtabhatta, Nepal for this too. They're mixing very well. India has a, you know, kind of black mark on it right now with its current government of sort of sectarian strife and Most recently with the Sikhs, but also obviously with Muslims But in those little northern Indian villages where there are sometimes 50 percent Buddhist 50 percent Hindus They really get on pretty well. I mean that they're just they're sort of under the radar the geopolitics or the What the Modi government is doing at the time so? It works pretty well, and it's nice to see that So I learned that I saw the culture up close. I would be part of their rituals and go, you know and ian (47:50.666) Mm-hmm. chris_impey (48:08.758) see everything they saw and listen to their prayers and talk to their scholars. And so it was a pretty deep embedding. And then as far as my own life, when I come back, rather than just view it as, you know, amazing experience, I got some beautiful photos. I had these great memories. Um, it did sort of make me reflect a little, uh, because of their, the ethos they had. And their ethos is, is of course very, um, very different from most of a Western ethos. It's a Buddhist are all about compassion and suffering, suffering and compassion. They do go together. They're almost bedfellows. So I got the message, I think very early on, when I was walking towards the lecture hall and it was at one of these Tibetan children villages and they're very poignant places. They're about 11 or maybe now 14 Tibetan children villages in the northern part of India. And that's where the refugees go. ian (48:46.008) Mm-hmm. chris_impey (49:09.158) that escaped. So almost all the monks in my early workshops left Tibet when they were teenagers even younger, brought across the ice fields by family members at great risk. Some didn't make it, others lost toes and fingers from frostbite. They had to go in the winter because the Chinese troops would intercept them and even even then did in the winter. So they were orphans, And they grow up and go to these Tibetan children villages, sort of orphanages, really. And so I was walking towards the lecture hall, which is situated in one of these villages. And there was a hard, scrabble, packed dirt soccer pitch. You know, it looked really uncomfortable for falling. I am enough of a Brit to have experienced playing football soccer on really nice grass, because England does have good grass, you know. And I was thinking, the first thing I thought, damn, I don't want to play football. rachael (50:04.321) Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ian (50:04.525) Right. zack_jackson (50:05.412) Hmm chris_impey (50:08.918) on that field. That would be brutal. So there was this football field and there was a 10-foot wall behind it running the length of the football field, painted white, and on top of it in 10-foot high letters was a slogan of the school, others before self. And I was just thinking, I wonder how many American high schools would have that as their slogan. How would that go down with the, you know, social media, me generation, whatever. rachael (50:10.621) Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ian (50:31.167) Right. rachael (50:31.321) Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha zack_jackson (50:32.25) Hmm ian (50:34.845) Yeah. chris_impey (50:38.918) So that was one thing. And then a series of those little messages sort of sink in about how they do operate differently from us or me. And so one thing it made me reflect on when I went back home was I immediately embedded back in my academic life and hustling the next grant and writing the next paper and talking to my collaborators. And I just realized how really how intensely pressured. rachael (50:40.763) Wow. chris_impey (51:08.658) Darwinian that science, Western science system is, it's kind of, you know, it kind of grinds you down. I mean, I've been hustling for grants from funding agencies for 40 years and I kind of burned out on it, you know, it's hard. It doesn't get any easier because there's younger whippersnappers that are very smart and, you know, they're going to get your grant. So it definitely made me reflect on the sort of hyper competitive nature of some parts of zack_jackson (51:21.042) Hmm. ian (51:21.047) Mm-hmm. rachael (51:28.721) Thank you. Bye. chris_impey (51:39.719) and just reflect on what is important. Is it important to know something, or to teach something, or to give something, or to what is important? And how does that work when you're a scientist and educator? And that's it. Thank you for watching. I hope you enjoyed this video. I'll see you in the next one. Bye. ian (51:56.043) Yeah. Well, it's just interesting reading the book and I told you before we're recording. I've not been on to finish it yet, but I look forward to finish it just because, you know, one, you know, as I've already said, you're a fantastic writer for the lay audience, the general public, which is not something, you know, I've, I've worked with many scientists as a science educator and many of the ones I've worked with have said they struggle with that. Right. So I always applaud that. Um, but then just the, the personal experiences you shared and. chris_impey (51:59.833) I'm ian (52:26.163) humble before the void was just very interesting to me, especially someone who I have embraced meditation and mindfulness over the past three or four years and gotten really into it. And so, you know, first when I, when you shared that book with us and saw that the Dalai Lama wrote, you know, the preface for it and everything, I just was immediately fascinated because I find him to be absolutely fascinating in his perspective on things. So chris_impey (52:47.298) Yeah, I mean, I was, I mean, I've been privileged to meet him a couple of times. And, uh, and it's always, uh, a singular experience. Uh, the first time was that first trip out actually. And, and it was in that same Tibetan children village. And that was, this was in the winter. I was a January is a very, um, very difficult time to be there. It's in the foothills of the Himalayas. Quite high up. Dharamsala has trivial factoid that a Brit will appreciate like me. Um, It has the world's highest cricket stadium. And so drum solo, there you go. Now you know, when you get asked that, now you know. So we were in this auditorium, this cold auditorium, very cold, and they'd given the Westerners blankets, put over their legs, and even a few little heaters around. But it was brutal. And he was going to give an opening address. And everyone was full of excitement and anticipation. It was probably 2,000 people. But it was a cold, it was an unadorned Spartan auditorium ian (53:20.331) Oh. zack_jackson (53:20.594) Hmm. Ha ha ha. ian (53:25.403) Exactly. zack_jackson (53:34.892) Hmm. chris_impey (53:47.498) on a below freezing day in the Himalayas. And along that football field outside, which is the way his little, he has the equivalent of a pokemobile, he has the DL mobile or whatever that he comes into a place with, that he was gonna come along the edge of the field. And I'd seen walking in that the school children were starting to assemble in a long row along the side of the football field along the place his vehicle would come. And we were waiting zack_jackson (54:01.775) Thank you. Bye. chris_impey (54:17.258) He was late and it was so cold and it was quiet. People were murmuring, nothing was happening. And then suddenly we heard this sound, this wave of singing. So they were singing him in as his vehicle arrived. And I was like, wow, that was so cool. Just the sound of that. And then he came and he just radiates when he's in a room. And he's a little frail. He had trouble getting up the three steps onto the stage. But his grin is just... Oh, it's just... anyone who remelt the hardest heart. He's just so... and his comments are always, you know, they're always kind of offhand and insightful and, you know, he has a very interesting and sensibility. So that's been a remarkable thing. But the monks all had their own insights and I learned a lot from them. I mean, I was teaching them but I was learning a lot from them. And they gave me, you know, when you teach, well, the other thing I didn't say about the ian (55:12.667) Mm-hmm. chris_impey (55:17.418) experience there, which was also restorative for me, is, you know, I depend on my high tech gadgets and my PowerPoints and my whatever. And I was pretty much warned. I said, you're going to be pretty much off the grid. And it was almost like that. And there were a couple of workshops where, you know, if the cold water, if the water was hot, you were lucky. If the power stayed on all day in the classroom, you were lucky. There was hardly any equipment. We make these, these runs rachael (55:25.325) Hmm. chris_impey (55:47.278) These equipment runs down to the local bazaar, and we buy matchsticks and cloth and cardboard and foil and just super primitive ingredients to make experiments back in the classroom, rather than bring stuff out from the West. So you had to improvise, and it was good to do that. It was good to have to lecture and talk and use simple analogies and simple equipment. And so they informed me about that, too, because I wondered how they understood zack_jackson (56:02.75) Thank you. Bye. chris_impey (56:17.278) these very abstract things of physics and cosmology. And I think the first striking little insight I had, because I was always reaching for a good analogy. And then, so I sort of turned the tab

Yaretzi catches her prey, Diggory's journey ends, and Oswald builds a box. The theme of tonight's episode is Snares.(To avoid spoilers, content warnings are listed at the end of this episode description).The bonus story that goes with this episode is ‘Checking Out', and is available for Hallowoods patrons on the show's Patreon, along with behind-the-scenes, exclusive merchandise, and more! Because the show runs without ads or sponsors, we rely on support from fans to guarantee the survival of this LGBTQ+ horror podcast.The voice of Emma the Ghost is Emily Kellogg. Emily is the co-creator and co-writer of the Canadian horror podcast Parkdale Haunt, about the haunting state of the Toronto housing market. Emily writes and produces her own ongoing projects as well. You can find Emily on Instagram at @Emily_Kellogg, or online at https://www.emilykellogg.com/Hello From The Hallowoods is written and produced by William A. Wellman, a queer horror author. You can visit their website for more information! The transcript for this episode is available on the Hello From The Hallowoods Website. Click here to read!You can also find Hello From The Hallowoods on social media! The show is on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter at @thehallowoods. If you'd like to connect with other fans of the show, there's even a fan-run Discord Server!Music for this episode was used under license from Artlist.com. The soundtracks featured were: ‘Forest Overture', by Yehezkel Raz, ‘Sunken Days', by Ardie Son, ‘The Art of Connection', by Ardie Son,‘The End', by Simon Osterhold, ‘Departures', by Ardie Son,‘Zircon', by Ottom,‘'To the New Horizons', by Ardie Son,‘Welcome to the Real', by Eleven Tales, ‘When the Demons Came Knocking', by Eleven Tales,‘Grand Design', by Stephen Keech,‘Ganymede', by Yehezkel Raz,‘Bleeding Fields', by Muted,‘Beacon of Light', by Ardie Son,‘Exhale', by Salt of the Sound,And ‘Farewell', by Maya Belsitzman and Matan EphratContent warnings for this episode include: Ableism, Suicide attempt mention, Violence, Death + Injury, Blood, Needles, Static (including sfx), Emotional Manipulation, Drowning, Bugs, Body horror, Life Support, Brain Death/Coma, Character Death

Danielle goes back to bed, Mort loses a new friend, and Diggory goes on the air. The theme of tonight's episode is Faults.(To avoid spoilers, content warnings are listed at the end of this episode description).The bonus story that goes with this episode is ‘One Flesh', and is available for Hallowoods patrons on the show's Patreon, along with behind-the-scenes, exclusive merchandise, and more! Because the show runs without ads or sponsors, we rely on support from fans to guarantee the survival of this LGBTQ+ horror podcast.The voice of Melanie Flores is Daisy Guevara. You can hear Daisy's performances in podcasts like Meteor City, Dreambound, and Life with Leo(h), You can find Daisy on Twitter at @daisyguevaravo, or their website at www.daisyguevara.com. The voice of Dashiell Spade is Harlan Guthrie. Harlan is the writer, creator and voice of the hit horror podcast Malevolent, and the science fiction nightmare Deviser. You can find any of his shows wherever you are listening to this, or at malevolent.ca. Hello From The Hallowoods is written and produced by William A. Wellman, a queer horror author. You can visit their website for more information! The transcript for this episode is available on the Hello From The Hallowoods Website. Click here to read!You can also find Hello From The Hallowoods on social media! The show is on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter at @thehallowoods. If you'd like to connect with other fans of the show, there's even a fan-run Discord Server!Music for this episode was used under license from Artlist.com. The soundtracks featured were: ‘Forest Overture', by Yehezkel Raz‘Cold', by Laurel Violet,‘Tragic News', by Alan A Craig,‘Outer Limits', by Theatre of Delays,  ‘Shut Away', by Pablo Suarez,‘Zircon', by Ottom,‘Currents', by Ardie Son, ‘Welcome to the Real', by Eleven Tales, ‘Grave', by Nono,‘Dreamy Girl', by Alex Grohl,‘Mysa', by Laurel Violet, ‘King's Requiem', by Alon Peretz,‘Welcome', by Borrtex,‘Departures', by Ardie Son, ‘Ganymede', by Yehezkel Raz, ‘Dead Leaves', by Yehezkel Raz,‘Dark Blood', by Jimmy Svensson, ‘Metamorphosis', by The Bows, ‘The Queen's Quarters', by Alon Peretz,‘Slowly Understanding', by Yehezkel Raz, ‘Exhale', by Salt of the Sound,And ‘Farewell', by Maya Belsitzman and Matan Ephrat Content warnings for this episode include: Animal death (Bert, Beast the Bear), Suicide, Violence, Death + Injury, Character Death, Blood, Needles, Gun Mention, Gunshots (including sfx), Static (including sfx), Emotional Manipulation, Drowning, Body horror, Consumption of Inedible Materials (Cindy Lockheart, Depth Charges)

Friday returns home, Victoria decides to trust herself, and Mr. Writingdesk breaks protocol. The theme of tonight's episode is Libraries.(To avoid spoilers, content warnings are listed at the end of this episode description).The bonus story that goes with this episode is ‘Forgotten Faces', and is available for Hallowoods patrons on the show's Patreon, along with behind-the-scenes, exclusive merchandise, and more! Because the show runs without ads or sponsors, we rely on support from fans to guarantee the survival of this LGBTQ+ horror podcast.Hello From The Hallowoods is written and produced by William A. Wellman, a queer horror author. You can visit their website for more information! The transcript for this episode is available on the Hello From The Hallowoods Website. Click here to read!You can also find Hello From The Hallowoods on social media! The show is on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter at @thehallowoods. If you'd like to connect with other fans of the show, there's even a fan-run Discord Server!Music for this episode was used under license from Artlist.com. The soundtracks featured were: ‘Forest Overture', by Yehezkel Raz, ‘Here There', by Yehezkel Raz,‘Currents', by Ardie Son, ‘Odd Numbers', by Curtis Cole,‘Yearning', by ANBR, ‘Dance and Whisper', by ANBR,‘Zircon', by Ottom, ‘Witness - Extended Version', by Oliver Michael,‘Run with the Wolves', by Ardie Son,‘Trapped in my Nightmares', by We Are the Good, ‘Immaterial', by ANBR,‘In Features', by Peter Matri, ‘Ganymede', by Yehezkel Raz,‘Seasons', by ANBR, ‘Omega', by Ardie Son, ‘Bad Friends', by Tamuz Dekel, ‘Exhale', by Salt of the Sound,And ‘Farewell', by Maya Belsitzman and Matan Ephrat Content warnings for this episode include: Al has no skin (as usual), Violence, Kidnapping and abduction, Death + Injury, Blood, Needles, Birds, Gun Mention, Strangulation/suffocation, Static (including sfx), Emotional Manipulation, Body horror, Werewolf related body dysphoria, House fires

Clementine watches the water, Polly confronts his fears, and Moth sees a chance for freedom. The theme of tonight's episode is Liberties.(To avoid spoilers, content warnings are listed at the end of this episode description).The bonus story that goes with this episode is ‘Light a Fire', and is available for Hallowoods patrons on the show's Patreon, along with behind-the-scenes, exclusive merchandise, and more! Because the show runs without ads or sponsors, we rely on support from fans to guarantee the survival of this LGBTQ+ horror podcast.The voice of Melanie Flores is Daisy Guevara. You can hear Daisy's performances in podcasts like Meteor City, Dreambound, and Life with Leo(h), You can find Daisy on Twitter at @daisyguevaravo, or their website at www.daisyguevara.com. The voice of Dashiell Spade is Harlan Guthrie. Harlan is the writer, creator and voice of the hit horror podcast Malevolent, and the science fiction nightmare Deviser. You can find any of his shows wherever you are listening to this, or at malevolent.ca. Hello From The Hallowoods is written and produced by William A. Wellman, a queer horror author. You can visit their website for more information! The transcript for this episode is available on the Hello From The Hallowoods Website. Click here to read!You can also find Hello From The Hallowoods on social media! The show is on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter at @thehallowoods. If you'd like to connect with other fans of the show, there's even a fan-run Discord Server!Music for this episode was used under license from Artlist.com. The soundtracks featured were: ‘Forest Overture', by Yehezkel Raz, ‘Angst', by Jan Baars, ‘Soft Awakening', by Jon Gegelman, ‘Metamorphosis', by the Bows, ‘Zircon', by Ottom,‘Early Morning Haze', by Yehezkel Raz, ‘The Desert', by Patrick Usher, ‘Dreamy Girl', by Alex Grohl, ‘In Summer Dreams', by Alex Makemusic, ‘Aphrodite', by CK Martin,‘The Sky Above', by Borrtex, ‘Searching through the Rubble', by Josh McCausland, ‘Homely' by Mattia Vlad Morleo, ‘Arise', by Onyx Music, ‘Free Radicals', by Stanley Gurvich, ‘Exhale', by Salt of the Sound, And ‘Farewell', by Maya Belsitzman and Matan EphratContent warnings for this episode include: Animal death (Bert mentioned), Suicidal themes, Violence, Kidnapping and abduction, Death + Injury, Blood, Birds, Static (including sfx), Emotional Manipulation, Drowning, Body horror

Yaretzi graces a royal court, Riot reaches her destination, and Jacob Wicker speaks his mind. The theme of tonight's episode is Crossings.(To avoid spoilers, content warnings are listed at the end of this episode description).The bonus story that goes with this episode is ‘Flickering', and is available for Hallowoods patrons on the show's Patreon, along with behind-the-scenes, exclusive merchandise, and more! Because the show runs without ads or sponsors, we rely on support from fans to guarantee the survival of this LGBTQ+ horror podcast.Hello From The Hallowoods is written and produced by William A. Wellman, a queer horror author. You can visit their website for more information! The transcript for this episode is available on the Hello From The Hallowoods Website. Click here to read!You can also find Hello From The Hallowoods on social media! The show is on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter at @thehallowoods. If you'd like to connect with other fans of the show, there's even a fan-run Discord Server!Music for this episode was used under license from Artlist.com. The soundtracks featured were: ‘Forest Overture', by Yehezkel Raz, ‘Downtown Binary', by End Game, ‘A Town Called Dismal', by Josh McCausland, ‘Silhouette', by Ardie Son,‘Zircon', by Ottom, ‘Currents', by Ardie Son,‘Cold', by Laurel Violet, ‘Journey', by Sid Acharya, ‘Tides', by Kashido, ‘The End', by Simon Osterhold, ‘Last Dream', by Daniel Brown Keys,‘Ganymede', by Yehezkel Raz, ‘The Sky Above', by Borrtex, ‘Slowly Understanding', by Yehezkel Raz, ‘Welcome to the Real', by Eleven Tales, ‘Departure', by Ardie Son,‘Exhale', by Salt of the Sound, And ‘Farewell', by Maya Belsitzman and Matan Ephrat Content warnings for this episode include: Religious abuse, Ableism, Survivor's Guilt, Violence, Death + Injury, Character Death, Blood, Gun Mention, Static (including sfx), Bad interference noises (including SFX), Emotional Manipulation, Body horror, Religious Violence, Child Sacrifice, Metaphor involving a pig turned inside out, Rats (rat king as usual), explosives, house fires

Percy flies with the storm, Winona waits on a friend, and Hector wakes up. The theme of tonight's episode is Chasms.(To avoid spoilers, content warnings are listed at the end of this episode description).The bonus story that goes with this episode is ‘Abyssal Heart', and is available for Hallowoods patrons on the show's Patreon, along with behind-the-scenes, exclusive merchandise, and more! Because the show runs without ads or sponsors, we rely on support from fans to guarantee the survival of this LGBTQ+ horror podcast.Hello From The Hallowoods is written and produced by William A. Wellman, a queer horror author. You can visit their website for more information! The transcript for this episode is available on the Hello From The Hallowoods Website. Click here to read!You can also find Hello From The Hallowoods on social media! The show is on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter at @thehallowoods. If you'd like to connect with other fans of the show, there's even a fan-run Discord Server!Music for this episode was used under license from Artlist.com. The soundtracks featured were: ‘Forest Overture', by Yehezkel Raz, ‘Lost', by Generation Lost,‘Metamorphosis', by The Bows, ‘Zircon', by Ottom,‘Downtown Binary', by Endgame,‘Unknown Darkness', by Jimmy Svensson, ‘Angst', by Jan Baars, ‘Bleeding Fields', by Muted, ‘Ganymede', by Yehezkel Raz, ‘Walking in Forests', by Ben Winwood, ‘Soft Awakening', by John Gegelman, ‘Thirty Years', by Sid Acharya, ‘Exhale', by Salt of the Sound,And ‘Farewell', by Maya Belstizman and Matan EphratContent warnings for this episode include: Animal death (Dogsmell as usual), Death + Injury, Yet More People Made Out Of Human Skin, Bugs, Alice is Full of Fireflies, Strangulation/suffocation, Static (including sfx), Body horror, Waking from a Coma, Car Crashes

Al explores his new home, Indrid oversees the Spring Sacrifice, and Marco comes home late. The theme of tonight's episode is Cradles.(To avoid spoilers, content warnings are listed at the end of this episode description).The bonus story that goes with this episode is ‘Carried', and is available for Hallowoods patrons on the show's Patreon, along with behind-the-scenes, exclusive merchandise, and more! Because the show runs without ads or sponsors, we rely on support from fans to guarantee the survival of this LGBTQ+ horror podcast.Hello From The Hallowoods is written and produced by William A. Wellman, a queer horror author. You can visit their website for more information! The transcript for this episode is available on the Hello From The Hallowoods Website. Click here to read!You can also find Hello From The Hallowoods on social media! The show is on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter at @thehallowoods. If you'd like to connect with other fans of the show, there's even a fan-run Discord Server!Music for this episode was used under license from Artlist.com. The soundtracks featured were: ‘Forest Overture', by Yehezkel Raz, ‘Once Upon a Time', by Maya Belsitzman and Matan Ephrat, ‘Arise', by Onyx Music, ‘Interspacing', by Yehezkel Raz, ‘Phantom Pain', by Roie Shpigler ‘Slowly Understanding', by Yehezkel Raz,‘Zircon', by Ottom, ‘Hymn 1', by Kyle Preston, ‘Sunken Days', by Ardie Son,‘Snake Island', by Pietr Hummel ‘The Scent', by Spearfisher‘Fathom', by Kyle Preston, ‘Ascending Power', by Shahead Mostafafar, ‘Ganymede', by Yehezkel Raz, ‘The Tree Who Grew On Water', by Yoav Ilan, ‘Flowing', by Borrtex, ‘A Winter Migration', by Ardie Son, ‘Exhale', by Salt of the Sound,And ‘Farewell', by Maya Belsitzman and Matan Ephrat Content warnings for this episode include: Abuse, Ableism, Violence, Kidnapping and abduction, Death + Injury, Blood, Mental illness, Gun Mention, Gunshot wounds, Gunshots (including sfx), Static (including sfx), Emotional Manipulation, Bugs, Body horror, Consumption of Inedible Materials (the Vicar), Religious Violence, Child Sacrifice, Al has no skin as usual

The mineral zircon is the oldest known piece of Earth existing on the surface today. The oldest bits date back as far as 4.37 billion years — not too far from the age of Earth itself at about 4.5 billion years old. And, unlike other minerals, zircon is hard to get rid of. This resilience enables scientists to use zircon to determine when major geological events on Earth happened. As part of our series on time, host Aaron Scott talks to science correspondent Nell Greenfieldboyce about why this mineral is often considered a geologic clock and has earned the nickname "Time Lord." This episode is part of our series, "Finding Time — a journey through the fourth dimension to learn what makes us tick." Read more of Nell's reporting on zircon here. Curious about other aspects of our universe? Email us at ShortWave@NPR.org.