Podcasts about Very Large Telescope

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 26, 2024 1:16

Using ESO's Very Large Telescope, astronomers have found a metal ‘scar' imprinted on the surface of a dead star. This video summarises the discovery.

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Metal scar found on cannibal star | ESOcast Light

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Play Episode Listen Later Feb 26, 2024 1:16

Using ESO's Very Large Telescope, astronomers have found a metal ‘scar' imprinted on the surface of a dead star. This video summarises the discovery.

metal scar cannibal very large telescope esocast

Astronomen zien allerhelderste object dat ooit is waargenomen

Wetenschap Vandaag | BNR

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 23, 2024 1:28

Met behulp van de Very Large Telescope in Chili hebben astronomen de helderste quasar in zijn soort waargenomen. Quasars zijn de heldere kernen van verre sterrenstelsels. Ze worden van energie voorzien door superzware zwarte gaten. In dit geval is dat een zwart gat dat per dag een zonsmassa aankomt, waarmee het ook het snelst groeiende zwarte gat is dat we kennen. De nu ontdekte quasar is zover van de aarde af, dat zijn licht er meer dan 12 miljard jaar over heeft gedaan ons te bereiken. De schijf aan materie die zich rondom zijn zwarte gat heeft opgehoopt is ongelooflijk helder. 500 biljoen keer zo fel als onze zon. In 1980 was deze heldere kern al eens vastgelegd, maar vervolgens afgedaan als iets anders, want: te fel om een quasar te kunnen zijn. Er waren nieuwe metingen met de VLT voor nodig om te bevestigen dat het er toch echt eentje was. En wat voor één. Lees hier meer over de ontdekking: Astronomen (her)ontdekken recordbrekende quasarSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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Het vroege heelal, een minder geschikte tijd om naar podcasts te luisteren

Zimmerman en Space

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 20, 2024 13:29

In deze aflevering bespreken we nieuwe wetenschappelijke inzichten met betrekking tot het prille heelal. En niet alleen maar gedaan met de JWST, maar ook met de Very Large Telescope van de ESO.The accretion of a solar mass per day by a 17-billion solar mass black hole:https://www.eso.org/public/archives/releases/sciencepapers/eso2402/eso2402a.pdfBrightest and fastest-growing: astronomers identify record-breaking quasar:https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2402/Very Large Telescope:https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/Did monster black holes or galaxies come first? The James Webb Space Telescope may have a surprise answer:https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-black-holes-galaxies-firstWhich Came First: Supermassive Black Holes or Galaxies? Insights from JWST:https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ad1bf0This is the Oldest Black Hole Ever Seen:https://www.universetoday.com/165357/this-is-the-oldest-black-hole-ever-seenA small and vigorous black hole in the early Universe:https://arxiv.org/pdf/2305.12492.pdfPrimordial black hole:https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primordial_black_holeHow can you tell a black hole made out of antimatter from a black hole made out of matter?https://www.wtamu.edu/~cbaird/sq/mobile/2014/05/16/how-can-you-tell-a-black-hole-made-out-of-antimatter-from-a-black-hole-made-out-of-matter/De Zimmerman en Space podcast is gelicenseerd onder een Creative Commons CC0 1.0 licentie.http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0

A183: Dr Rebecca Davies - Galactic Outflows

Astrophiz Podcasts

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 14, 2023 40:26

Dr. Rebecca Davies is an Astro3D postdoctoral researcher and has just been awarded an ARC-DECRA fellowship at the Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne, Australia. Rebecca researches the stuff that flows out of Galaxies AKA ‘Galactic Outflows' … and she looks across the majority of the history of the universe from right now and right back through time to less than a billion years after the Big Bang. Rebecca uses spectroscopic data from Hubble, JWST … the Awesome James Webb Space Telescope and the VLT, the Very Large Telescope which consists of a optical array of four 8.2 m telescopes high up in the Atacama desert in Chile. From these data, Rebecca is creating new understandings of how Galaxies evolve, filling in some of those gaps in our knowledge, and her Honours and PhD students are in multiple research groups on related quests to understand galactic evolution. Now, when not doing Astrophysics. Rebecca can most likely be found bike riding or playing violin … and she's currently a violinist with the brilliant Zelman Memorial Symphony Orchestra in Melbourne.

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#369: Breaking Boundaries: Solar Orbiter's Groundbreaking Findings Unravel Solar Wind Origins

Space Nuts

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 14, 2023 46:47

This episode of Space Nuts is brought to you by Incogni...the new data protection service. And you can get a whopping 60% off their incredibly low subscription rates just by being a Space Nuts listener. Details and availability at www.icogni.com/spacenutsDoes the idea of unraveling the enigmatic origins of solar winds sound familiar? Have you been told to study textbooks or watch documentaries in hopes of understanding, only to be left feeling frustrated and confused? If so, you're not alone. The pain of seeking knowledge, but finding it elusive, can be disheartening. But fear not, because in this podcast episode, we have uncovered groundbreaking discoveries made by the Solar Orbiter, shedding light on the clandestine origins of solar winds. Prepare to finally quench your thirst for understanding and leave the frustration behind. In this episode, you will be able to: · Disentangle the mysteries surrounding the origins of solar winds, thanks to insightful revelations made by the Solar Orbiter. · Extract the coded data from Neptune's dark spot, assessed through state-of-the-art ground-based telescopes. · Draw distinctions between the captivating spots on Uranus and Neptune, revealing their probable causes and importance. · Unearth the cryptic behavior and structure of gas giants and the nature of tempestuous storms weaving within their atmospheres. · Paint a description of the intricate density of nebulae, gauging the feasibility of This is the only opportunity we've got, is to learn what our star is doing, because the other ones are all too far away to study at this level. - Andrew Dunkley Uncovering the origins of solar winds Recent discoveries by the NASA and ESA collaboration, the Solar Orbiter, may offer fresh insights to unravel the enigmatic origins of solar winds. Observations of tiny jets of material spurting from the Sun's surface hint at the potential driving forces behind these solar winds. Harnessing maximum knowledge on this subject is crucial as this phenomena significantly impacts our planet's outer atmospheric conditions. The resources mentioned in this episode are: · Visit bitesz.com for more information on the NASA collaboration and the solar orbiter. · Check out the article on bitesz.com for a detailed explanation of the observations made by the Solar Orbiter. · Learn more about the Great Red Spot on Jupiter and its significance by visiting bitesz.com. · Explore the work of Trevor Barry, an Australian observer of spots on Saturn, and his collaboration with NASA on the Cassini spacecraft mission on bitesz.com. · Discover the latest observations of spots on Neptune made by the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope on Ceraparinal in northern Chile by visiting bitesz.com. · Find out more about the Muse instrument used to study Neptune's spots and its capabilities on bitesz.com. · Experience the stunning imagery and insights provided by the Hubble Space Telescope by visiting the official NASA website. · Stay updated on the latest discoveries and research in the field of astronomy by subscribing to the Space Nuts podcast. · Support the work of the European Southern Observatory and their groundbreaking research by donating to their organization. · Join the Space Nuts community and engage in discussions about space and astronomy on their official social media channels.This show is part of the Spreaker Prime Network, if you are interested in advertising on this podcast, contact us at https://www.spreaker.com/show/2631155/advertisement

Astrophiz173: Dr Jesse Van De Sande-NewGalacticDiscoveries

Astrophiz Podcasts

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 14, 2023 62:00

Dr Jesse Van De Sande is the ASTRO3D research fellow at the Sydney Institute for Astronomy at the School of Physics at the University of Sydney. He is an observational astronomer who uses many of the world's most iconic and powerful telescopes, including the four 8 meter telescopes that comprise the VLT, the Very Large Telescope high up in the Andes in Chile. He is researching galaxies at low and high Redshift up to 15 billion light years away, and his research focuses on how massive galaxies form, evolve, and die. Jesse co-leads a team which has published new and amazing discoveries about our very own Milky Way Galaxy, which some say are destined to re-write the astronomy textbooks …. And he has a long history with the famous SAMI survey. In his generous in-depth interview we hear about his journey from a small village in northern Netherlands to researching the largest structures in our universe. He brings us up to date with the SAMI and GECKO surveys, his outreach work, his latest research and collaborations and his work on the promotion of Nuclear Fusion energy and our need to solve pervasive social problems. You will love how Jesse showcases his perfectionist approach to complex and sky-breaking science with absolute and approachable clarity. From this interview you will come away with a rich and clear understanding of both this exceptional scientist and his wonderful science. Enjoy!

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Observing the ashes of the first stars (ESOcast 261 Light)

Play Episode Listen Later May 3, 2023 1:18

Using ESO's Very Large Telescope, astronomers have found the fingerprints left by the explosions of the first stars.

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Observing the ashes of the first stars (ESOcast 261 Light)

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Play Episode Listen Later May 3, 2023 1:18

Using ESO's Very Large Telescope, astronomers have found the fingerprints left by the explosions of the first stars.

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第1744期:Space Scientists Face Big Job Explaining Extreme Star Explosion

英语每日一听 | 每天少于5分钟

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 26, 2023 4:29

Space scientists say they have identified what might be the "perfect explosion," but much work remains to fully explain the observation. The explosion, called a kilonova, was observed in 2017 and has been studied carefully since then. Astronomers say a kilonova happens when two neutron stars crash into each other. The rapidly growing explosion that they described went beyond the researchers' expectations. The event led to the formation of a black hole: an object with so much gravity that even light cannot escape it. The two neutron stars had a combined mass of 2.7 times that of our sun. They orbited each other for billions of years before crashing into each other at a high speed and exploding.太空科学家表示，他们已经确定了可能是“完美爆炸”的原因，但要充分解释这一观察结果还有很多工作要做。 2017 年观察到这种称为千新星的爆炸，并从那时起对其进行了仔细研究。天文学家说，当两颗中子星相互碰撞时，就会发生千新星爆发。他们描述的快速增长的爆炸超出了研究人员的预期。这一事件导致了黑洞的形成：一个引力如此之大的物体，连光都无法逃脱。这两颗中子星的总质量是我们太阳的 2.7 倍。它们相互绕行了数十亿年，然后高速相撞并爆炸。This event took place in a galaxy called NGC 4993. The galaxy is at least 140 million light years away from Earth in the direction of the constellation Hydra. A light year is the distance light travels in a year. Astronomers used the European Southern Observatory's Chile-based Very Large Telescope to study the kilonova.The existence of kilonova explosions was proposed in 1974. The theory was confirmed in 2013. But astronomers did not know what they looked like until one was identified in 2017 and studied carefully. "It is a perfect explosion in several ways. It is beautiful...in the simplicity of the shape, and in its physical" importance, said Albert Sneppen of the Cosmic Dawn Center in Copenhagen, Denmark. Sneppen was the lead writer of the research published in Nature.这一事件发生在一个名为 NGC 4993 的星系中。该星系在九头蛇星座的方向上距离地球至少有 1.4 亿光年。一光年是光在一年中传播的距离。天文学家利用欧洲南方天文台位于智利的甚大望远镜研究千新星。1974 年提出了千新星爆炸的存在。该理论于 2013 年得到证实。但天文学家直到 2017 年才发现一颗新星并不知道它们长什么样。仔细研究。丹麦哥本哈根宇宙黎明中心的 Albert Sneppen 说：“从几个方面来说，这是一次完美的爆炸。它很美……在形状的简单性和物理上的”重要性。 Sneppen 是发表在《自然》杂志上的这项研究的主要作者。The researchers had expected the explosion to look flat and round, with a jet of material coming out of it. "To be honest, we are really going back to the drawing board with this," said study co-writer Darach Watson of the Cosmic Dawn Center. "Given the extreme nature of the physical conditions...there may well be fundamental physics here that we don't understand yet," Watson added. The two neutron stars began their lives as large normal stars in a two-star system called a binary system. Each exploded and collapsed after running out of fuel, leaving behind a small and dense center, or core, only 20 kilometers across. The neutron stars then slowly drew nearer to each other. They were then stretched out and pulled apart because of the power of the other's gravity. Their inner parts crashed into each other at about 25 percent of the speed of light, creating the most intense magnetic fields in the universe. The explosion released the luminosity of a billion suns for a few days.研究人员原以为爆炸看起来是扁平的、圆形的，并有一股物质从中喷出。 “老实说，我们真的要回到绘图板，”宇宙黎明中心的研究合著者 Darach Watson 说。 “鉴于物理条件的极端性质......这里很可能存在我们尚不了解的基础物理学，”沃森补充道。这两颗中子星在称为双星系统的双星系统中作为大型普通恒星开始它们的生命。每一个都在燃料耗尽后爆炸和坍塌，留下一个小而致密的中心或核心，只有 20 公里宽。然后中子星彼此慢慢靠近。然后由于对方的引力，他们被拉伸并拉开。它们的内部部分以大约 25% 的光速相互碰撞，产生了宇宙中最强烈的磁场。爆炸释放了十亿个太阳几天的光度。The two briefly formed a single massive neutron star that then collapsed to form a black hole. The outer parts of the neutron stars, however, were stretched into long streamers, with some material flying off into space. During the process, the densities and temperatures were so strong that they created heavy elements, including gold, platinum, arsenic, uranium and iodine. Sneppen used the term challenge, meaning a difficult task or problem, to talk about the findings, which are hard understand. "This is fundamentally astonishing, and an exciting challenge for any theoreticians and numerical simulations," Sneppen said. "The game is on."两者短暂地形成了一颗巨大的中子星，然后坍塌形成了一个黑洞。然而，中子星的外部被拉伸成长长的流光，一些物质飞向太空。在此过程中，密度和温度如此之高，以至于产生了重元素，包括金、铂、砷、铀和碘。 Sneppen 使用术语挑战，意思是一项艰巨的任务或问题，来谈论难以理解的发现。 “对于任何理论家和数值模拟来说，这从根本上来说是惊人的和令人兴奋的挑战，”Sneppen 说。 “比赛开始了。”

Looking Up - 22 Feb 23 A reminder that the observatory has open nights on the second and fourth Saturdays of each month

Looking Up

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 22, 2023 4:50

A reminder that the observatory has open nights on the second and fourth Saturdays of each month at 8pm. You need to book which you can do from their website saao.ac.za. The Very Large Telescope and the European Space Agency's space telescopes have combined strengths and produced images of an exoplanet orbiting around a star in the constellation of Lepus. You can see this for yourself either on space.com or on the European Southern Observatory's website eso.org.

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Episode 4: Betelgeuse

Dog Stars

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 28, 2023 5:21

In a quieter walk than usual, Chris and Mr Max tell the story of Betelgeuse - the armpit of the Great One, and the star that might one day provide a spectacular supernova. They also encourage you to find the constellation of Orion, the signpost to the winter sky, enjoy the odd bit of chicken and mourn the loss of the bone they found on Tuesday. There's a great guide to Orion here: https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/advice/skills/orion-constellation-best-targets-observe/ and you can see some spectacular pictures of Betelgeuse taken with the Very Large Telescope here: https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2003/

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[Space Bites] Asteroid Explodes Over Canada, Artemis I Updates, Very Large Telescope Improvements

Universe Today Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 26, 2022

Updates on Artemis I. Predicting an asteroid strike with stunning accuracy. Webb's view of Titan. New adaptive optics for the Very Large Telescope.

[Space Bites] Asteroid Explodes Over Canada, Artemis I Updates, Very Large Telescope Improvements

Universe Today Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 26, 2022 20:58

Updates on Artemis I. Predicting an asteroid strike with stunning accuracy. Webb's view of Titan. New adaptive optics for the Very Large Telescope.

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The homogeneity of chemical abundances in H II regions of the Magellanic Clouds

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 16, 2022 0:58

The homogeneity of chemical abundances in H II regions of the Magellanic Clouds by G. Domínguez-Guzmán et al. on Sunday 16 October We use very deep spectra obtained with the Ultraviolet-Visual Echelle Spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope to derive physical conditions and chemical abundances of four H II regions of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and four H II regions of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The observations cover the spectral range 3100-10400 A with a spectral resolution of $Deltalambdagelambda/11600$, and we measure 95-225 emission lines in each object. We derive ionic and total abundances of O, N, S, Ne, Ar, Cl, and Fe using collisionally excited lines. We find average values of $12+log(mbox{O/H})=8.37$ in the LMC and $8.01$ in the SMC, with standard deviations of $sigma=0.03$ and 0.02~dex, respectively. The S/O, Ne/O, Ar/O, and Cl/O abundance ratios are very similar in both clouds, with $sigma=0.02$-0.03~dex, which indicates that the chemical elements are well mixed in the interstellar medium of each galaxy. The LMC is enhanced in N/O by $sim0.20$~dex with respect to the SMC, and the dispersions in N/O, $sigma=0.05$~dex in each cloud, are larger than those found for the other elements. The derived standard deviations would be much larger for all the abundance ratios, up to 0.20~dex for N/O, if previous spectra of these objects were used to perform the analysis. Finally, we find a wide range of iron depletions in both clouds, with more than 90 per cent of the iron atoms deposited onto dust grains in most objects. arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2210.07460v1

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Heaviest Element yet Detected in an Exoplanet Atmosphere (ESOcast 257 Light)

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 13, 2022 1:32

Using ESO's Very Large Telescope, barium has been detected in the atmosphere of two exoplanets.

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Heaviest Element yet Detected in an Exoplanet Atmosphere (ESOcast 257 Light)

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 13, 2022 1:32

Using ESO's Very Large Telescope, barium has been detected in the atmosphere of two exoplanets.

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Detection of barium in the atmospheres of the ultra-hot gas giants WASP-76b and WASP-121b

Astro arXiv | astro-ph.EP

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 13, 2022 1:01

Detection of barium in the atmospheres of the ultra-hot gas giants WASP-76b and WASP-121b by T. Azevedo Silva et al. on Thursday 13 October High-resolution spectroscopy studies of ultra-hot Jupiters have been key in our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres. Observing into the atmospheres of these giant planets allows for direct constraints on their atmospheric compositions and dynamics while laying the groundwork for new research regarding their formation and evolution environments. Two of the most well-studied ultra-hot Jupiters are WASP-76b and WASP-121b, with multiple detected chemical species and strong signatures of their atmospheric dynamics. We take a new look at these two exceptional ultra-hot Jupiters by reanalyzing the transit observations taken with ESPRESSO at the Very Large Telescope and attempt to detect additional species. To extract the planetary spectra of the two targets, we corrected for the telluric absorption and removed the stellar spectrum contributions. We then exploited new synthetic templates that were specifically designed for ultra-hot Jupiters in combination with the cross-correlation technique to unveil species that remained undetected by previous analyses. We add a novel detection of Ba+ to the known atmospheric compositions of WASP-76b and WASP-121b, the heaviest species detected to date in any exoplanetary atmosphere, with additional new detections of Co and Sr+ and a tentative detection of Ti+ for WASP-121b. We also confirm the presence of Ca+, Cr, Fe, H, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, and V on both WASP-76b and WASP-121b, with the addition of Ca, Fe+, and Ni for the latter. Finally, we also confirm the clear asymmetric absorption feature of Ca+ on WASP-121b, with an excess absorption at the bluer wavelengths and an effective planet radius beyond the Roche lobe. This indicates that the signal may arise from the escape of planetary atmosphere. arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2210.06892v1

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Detection of barium in the atmospheres of the ultra-hot gas giants WASP-76b and WASP-121b

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 13, 2022 1:01

Detection of barium in the atmospheres of the ultra-hot gas giants WASP-76b and WASP-121b by T. Azevedo Silva et al. on Thursday 13 October High-resolution spectroscopy studies of ultra-hot Jupiters have been key in our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres. Observing into the atmospheres of these giant planets allows for direct constraints on their atmospheric compositions and dynamics while laying the groundwork for new research regarding their formation and evolution environments. Two of the most well-studied ultra-hot Jupiters are WASP-76b and WASP-121b, with multiple detected chemical species and strong signatures of their atmospheric dynamics. We take a new look at these two exceptional ultra-hot Jupiters by reanalyzing the transit observations taken with ESPRESSO at the Very Large Telescope and attempt to detect additional species. To extract the planetary spectra of the two targets, we corrected for the telluric absorption and removed the stellar spectrum contributions. We then exploited new synthetic templates that were specifically designed for ultra-hot Jupiters in combination with the cross-correlation technique to unveil species that remained undetected by previous analyses. We add a novel detection of Ba+ to the known atmospheric compositions of WASP-76b and WASP-121b, the heaviest species detected to date in any exoplanetary atmosphere, with additional new detections of Co and Sr+ and a tentative detection of Ti+ for WASP-121b. We also confirm the presence of Ca+, Cr, Fe, H, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, and V on both WASP-76b and WASP-121b, with the addition of Ca, Fe+, and Ni for the latter. Finally, we also confirm the clear asymmetric absorption feature of Ca+ on WASP-121b, with an excess absorption at the bluer wavelengths and an effective planet radius beyond the Roche lobe. This indicates that the signal may arise from the escape of planetary atmosphere. arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2210.06892v1

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VLT, GROND and Danish Telescope observations of transits in the TRAPPIST-1 system

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 22, 2022 0:33

VLT, GROND and Danish Telescope observations of transits in the TRAPPIST-1 system by John Southworth et al. on Thursday 22 September TRAPPIST-1 is an ultra-cool dwarf that hosts seven known transiting planets. We present photometry of the system obtained using three telescopes at ESO La Silla (the Danish 1.54-m telescope and the 2.2-m MPI telescope) and Paranal (Unit Telescope 1 of the Very Large Telescope). We obtained 18 light curves from the Danish telescope, eight from the 2.2-m and four from the VLT. From these we measure 25 times of mid-transit for four of the planets (b, c, f, g). These light curves and times of mid-transit will be useful in determining the masses and radii of the planets, which show variations in their transit times due to gravitational interactions. arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2207.05874v2

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VLT, GROND and Danish Telescope observations of transits in the TRAPPIST-1 system

Play Episode Listen Later Sep 22, 2022 0:26

VLT, GROND and Danish Telescope observations of transits in the TRAPPIST-1 system by John Southworth et al. on Thursday 22 September TRAPPIST-1 is an ultra-cool dwarf that hosts seven known transiting planets. We present photometry of the system obtained using three telescopes at ESO La Silla (the Danish 1.54-m telescope and the 2.2-m MPI telescope) and Paranal (Unit Telescope 1 of the Very Large Telescope). We obtained 18 light curves from the Danish telescope, eight from the 2.2-m and four from the VLT. From these we measure 25 times of mid-transit for four of the planets (b, c, f, g). These light curves and times of mid-transit will be useful in determining the masses and radii of the planets, which show variations in their transit times due to gravitational interactions. arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2207.05874v2

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A MUSE view of the massive merging galaxy cluster ACT-CL J0102-4915 El Gordo at z = 0 87: robust strong lensing model and data release

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Play Episode Listen Later Sep 7, 2022 1:27

A MUSE view of the massive merging galaxy cluster ACT-CL J0102-4915 El Gordo at z = 0 87: robust strong lensing model and data release by G. B. Caminha et al. on Wednesday 07 September We present a detailed strong lensing analysis of the massive and distant ($z=0.870$) galaxy cluster ACT-CL J0102$-$4915 (ACT0102, also known as El Gordo), taking advantage of new spectroscopic data from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) on the Very Large Telescope, and archival imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope. Thanks to the MUSE data, we measure secure redshifts for 374 single objects, including 23 multiply lensed galaxies, and 167 cluster members of ACT0102. The observed positions of 56 multiple images, along with their new spectroscopic redshift measurements, are used as constraints for our strong lensing model. Remarkably, some multiple images are detected out to a large projected distance of $approx 1$ Mpc from the brightest cluster galaxy, allowing us to estimate a projected total mass value of $1.84_{-0.04}^{+0.03} times 10^{15}, rm M_{odot}$ within that radius. We find that we need two extended cluster mass components, the mass contributions from the cluster members and the additional lensing effect of a foreground ($z=0.633$) group of galaxies, to predict the positions of all multiple images with a root mean square offset of $0.75"$. The main cluster-scale mass component is centered very closely to the brightest cluster galaxy and the other extended mass component is located in the north-west region of the cluster. These two mass components have very similar values of mass projected within 300 kpc from their centers, namely $2.29_{-0.10}^{+0.09}times10^{14},rm M_{odot}$ and $2.10_{-0.09}^{+0.08}times10^{14},rm M_{odot}$, in agreement with the major merging scenario of ACT0102. We make publicly available the lens model, including the magnification maps and posterior distributions of the model parameter values, as well as the full spectroscopic catalogue containing all redshift measurements obtained with MUSE. arXiv: http://arxiv.org/abs/http://arxiv.org/abs/2209.02718v1

Interstellar Dust (星塵) and the James Webb Space Telescope

Taiwan Talk

Play Episode Listen Later Aug 21, 2022 29:25

Sascha Zeegers is an astronomer researching interstellar dust, with Academia Sinica in Taiwan and scientists around the world. ICRT's Trevor Tortomasi chats with Sascha about her upcoming project with the James Webb Space Telescope, or JWST, and how these tiny dust particles throughout our galaxy play an important role in the birth of stars. Thanks for listening!

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Mysterious ‘Blue Blobs' Reveal New Star System

Irish Tech News Audio Articles

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 28, 2022 5:27

University of Arizona astronomers have identified five examples of a new class of star system. They're not quite galaxies and only exist in isolation. The new stellar systems contain only young, blue stars, which are distributed in an irregular pattern and seem to exist in surprising isolation from any potential parent galaxy. Mysterious ‘Blue Blobs' Reveal New Star System The stellar systems – which astronomers say appear through a telescope as “blue blobs” and are about the size of tiny dwarf galaxies – are located within the relatively nearby Virgo galaxy cluster. The five systems are separated from any potential parent galaxies by over 300,000 lightyears in some cases, making it challenging to identify their origins. The astronomers found the new systems after another research group, led by the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy's Elizabeth Adams, compiled a catalogue of nearby gas clouds, providing a list of potential sites of new galaxies. Once that catalogue was published, several research groups, including one led by UArizona associate astronomy professor David Sand, started looking for stars that could be associated with those gas clouds. The gas clouds were thought to be associated with our own galaxy, and most of them probably are, but when the first collection of stars, called SECCO1, was discovered, astronomers realized that it was not near the Milky Way at all, but rather in the Virgo cluster, which is much farther away but still very nearby in the scale of the universe. SECCO1 was one of the very unusual “blue blobs,” said Michael Jones, a postdoctoral fellow in the UArizona Steward Observatory and lead author of a study that describes the new stellar systems. Jones presented the findings, which Sand co-authored, during the 240th American Astronomical Society meeting in Pasadena, California, Wednesday. “It's a lesson in the unexpected,” Jones said. “When you're looking for things, you're not necessarily going to find the thing you're looking for, but you might find something else very interesting.” The team obtained their observations from the Hubble Space Telescope, the Very Large Array Telescope in New Mexico and the Very Large Telescope in Chile. Study co-author Michele Bellazzini, with the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica in Italy, led the analysis of the data from the Very Large Telescope and has submitted a companion paper focusing on that data. Together, the team learned that most of the stars in each system are very blue and very young and that they contain very little atomic hydrogen gas. This is significant because star formation begins with atomic hydrogen gas, which eventually evolves into dense clouds of molecular hydrogen gas before forming into stars. “We observed that most of the systems lack atomic gas, but that doesn't mean there isn't molecular gas,” Jones said. “In fact, there must be some molecular gas because they are still forming stars. The existence of mostly young stars and little gas signals that these systems must have lost their gas recently.” The combination of blue stars and lack of gas was unexpected, as was a lack of older stars in the systems. Most galaxies have older stars, which astronomers refer to as being “red and dead.” “Stars that are born red are lower mass and therefore live longer than blue stars, which burn fast and die young, so old red stars are usually the last ones left living,” Jones said. “And they're dead because they don't have any more gas with which to form new stars. These blue stars are like an oasis in the desert, basically.” The fact that the new stellar systems are abundant in metals hints at how they might have formed. “To astronomers, metals are any element heavier than helium,” Jones said. “This tells us that these stellar systems formed from gas that was stripped from a big galaxy, because how metals are built up is by many repeated episodes of star formation, and you only really get that in a big galaxy.” Gas stripped from galaxy forming...

Sagittarius A*; O buraco negro supermassivo da Via Láctea #122

Super Fato

Play Episode Listen Later May 13, 2022 13:59

Sagittarius A é um buraco negro supermasivo localizado no centro da Via Láctea. É o maior buraco negro conhecido na Via Láctea. Em 2002, uma equipe de cientistas usou o Very Large Telescope para medir a velocidade de rotação do Sagittarius A* e determinou que ele tem um diâmetro de 44 milhões de km, e agora com o anúncio do ESO de longos anos de trabalho, graças ao EHT finalmente temos a primeira foto do que é considerado o buraco negro supermassivo da nossa galáxia! Nos acompanhe também nas redes sociais: Youtube: youtube.com/superfatocanal Instagram: instagram.com/eusuperfato Facebook: fb.com/eusuperfato Twitter: twitter.com/eusuperfato EMAIL PARA CONTATO: comercialsuperfato@gmail.com

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Les circuits photoniques : passer de l'électricité à la lumière

ZD Tech : tout comprendre en moins de 3 minutes avec ZDNet

Play Episode Listen Later Feb 28, 2022 3:11

Bonjour à tous et bienvenue dans le ZD Tech, le podcast quotidien de la rédaction de ZDNet. Je m'appelle Guillaume Serries et aujourd'hui, je vais vous expliquer comment les circuits photoniques vont utiliser de la lumière, et non plus de l'électricité, dans les cartes cartes mères de vos serveurs. Et peut-être de vos ordinateurs. Nombre d'entre vous connaissent la différence fondamentale entre le bon vieux protocole ADSL et la fibre optique, entre le haut débit et le très haut débit. Oui, dans un cas c'est l'électricité qui transmet l'information, et dans l'autre cas, c'est la lumière. Et voici que cette technique, utiliser la lumière pour transporter de l'information, est en passe de débarquer dans les puces de nos serveurs, et peut-être de nos ordinateurs. Et ce, grâce à des puces dites photoniques. Le but, comme dans le domaine des télécoms, est de déplacer les données sur la carte mère d'une machine beaucoup plus rapidement qu'avec les interconnexions métalliques traditionnelles. L'histoire des circuits intégrés photoniques ou puces optiques a commencé il y a plusieurs dizaines d'années. C'est en septembre 1969 qu'un premier article scientifique évoque le sujet. Mais ensuite, de l'eau va couler sous les ponts. Le pionnier de ce secteur, l'américain Infinera Corporation, commercialise ses premières puces en 2004. Et ce n'est qu'en 2011 que des puces photoniques au débit de 500 Gbits par seconde voient le jour. De là, le marché décolle, porté par les réseaux de fibre optique. Ensuite, ce sont les acteurs du datacenter qui s'emparent de cette technologie. L'augmentation rapide du volume de données pour effectuer des calculs de haute performance ou des calculs d'intelligence artificielle devient insoluble avec les techniques traditionnelles. Concrètement, il n'y a plus assez de bande passante. Ayar Labs, une entreprise qui collabore avec HPE sur le sujet, affirme que sa technologie photonique peut désormais offrir une bande passante 1 000 fois supérieure à celle des circuits électriques tout en consommant 1/10e de la puissance utilisée actuellement. En clair, la transmission de flux de données serait alors de 1 térabit par seconde. Et surtout, les photons ont la particularité de ne pas créer d'interférence magnétique, ni de générer de chaleur. Récemment, Intel a réussi à intégrer une puce photonique dans un serveur. Reste que cette technique est déjà connue dans le monde de la recherche. Des puces photoniques intégrées françaises, conçues à Grenoble, sont par exemple utilisées dans le Very Large Telescope du mont Paranal au Chili. Mais l'utilisation des photons pour transporter de l'information fait également évoluer le matériau utilisé pour fabriquer des puces. L'historique silicium est peu à peu remplacé par le nitrure de silicium. Ce dernier a des propriétés plus intéressantes, notamment en matière de propagation et de coefficient d'absorption.

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11. Kurkdroog, heet én koud

Klimaat van Vandaag

Play Episode Listen Later Jan 17, 2022 44:55

Gebieden met een droog klimaat zijn vaak duidelijk te herkennen: woenstijnen, steppe, maar hooggelegen droge vlakten als in Mongolië horen hierbij. Wat deze gebieden zo droog houdt bespreken onderzoekers Mark Dekker en René van Westen in deze aflevering van Klimaat van Vandaag. Ze gaan in op de natuurkunde van grote circulaties in de lucht en laten zien waarom de plek van de Very Large Telescope in Chili erg slim gekozen is.CO2 meter (2 januari t/m 8 januari 2022):Dit jaar: 417.43 ppm (+0.48%) Vorig jaar: 415.44 ppmRelevante links:Europese Unie wil gas en kernenergie als groene energiebronnen bestempelenPaper Thomas Gibon over levenscyclusanalyse van diverse energiebronnenKantelpunt in de Amazone? Patroonformatie zorgt voor weerbaarheid.Wat cijfers over de Köppen classificatie (zie tabel 4)Sneeuw in de SaharaIJzer in de oceaan en satellietfoto van planktonbloeiVery Large Telescope in Chili Reageren? Mail naar klimaatvanvandaag@gmail.com. Je kunt ons ook vinden op Instagram en Twitter.

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Surprise planet found around extreme star pair (ESOcast 247 Light)

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 8, 2021 1:30

ESO's Very Large Telescope has captured an image of a planet orbiting b Centauri, a pair of stars that can be seen with the naked eye. Find out why this next-door planetary system is extreme in this short video.

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Surprise planet found around extreme star pair (ESOcast 247 Light)

Play Episode Listen Later Dec 8, 2021 1:30

ESO's Very Large Telescope has captured an image of a planet orbiting b Centauri, a pair of stars that can be seen with the naked eye. Find out why this next-door planetary system is extreme in this short video.

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Supermassive Black Holes on a Collision Course (ESOcast 246 Light)

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 30, 2021 1:30

Using the ESO's Very Large Telescope, astronomers have revealed the closest pair of supermassive black holes to Earth ever observed. This video summarises the discovery.

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Supermassive Black Holes on a Collision Course (ESOcast 246 Light)

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Play Episode Listen Later Nov 30, 2021 1:30

Using the ESO's Very Large Telescope, astronomers have revealed the closest pair of supermassive black holes to Earth ever observed. This video summarises the discovery.

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#1248 : Découverte d'un trou noir stellaire dans un jeune amas d'étoiles du Grand Nuage de Magellan

Ã‡a Se Passe LÃ -Haut

Play Episode Listen Later Nov 12, 2021 8:36

Pour la première fois, un trou noir stellaire a été détecté dans un jeune amas d'étoiles, et qui plus est en dehors de notre galaxie, dans le Grand Nuage de Magellan. Il a été détecté grâce aux mouvements d'une étoile compagne grâce au Very Large Telescope de l'ESO. L'étude est publiée dans les Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

Meet 42 Asteroids in Our Solar System (ESOcast 243 Light)

Play Episode Listen Later Oct 12, 2021 1:17

Astronomers have used the ESO's Very Large Telescope in Chile to image 42 of the biggest main-belt asteroids. Meet some of the 42 in this video summarising the discovery!

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Meet 42 Asteroids in Our Solar System (ESOcast 243 Light)