Podcasts about abbots

During the 15th-century, citizens of Nuremberg, Germany, experienced spectacular Carnival parades highlighted by the appearance of floats known as "hells."  Featuring immense figures, including dragons, ogres, and man-eating  giants, these hells were also peopled with costumed performers and enhanced with mechanized effects and pyrotechnics. In this episode, adapted from a chapter of Mr. Ridenour's new book, A Season of Madness: Fools, Monsters and Marvels of the Old-World Carnival, we examine the Nuremberg parade, the Schembartlauf, as it evolves from costumed dance performances staged by the local Butcher's Guild in the mid-1 4th-century into a procession of fantastic and elaborately costumed figures, and finally -- in 1475 - into a showcase for the rolling hells. We begin, however, with an examination of a historical anecdotes sometimes presented as forerunners of  the Carnival parades, and of the Schembartlauf in particular, including two sometimes put forward to support a "pagan survival" theory.  The first involves a ceremonial wagon housing a figure of the putative fertility goddess, Nerthus, hauled about by Germanic peoples in the first century and mentioned in Tacitus' Germania.  The second, also involving a wagon with fertility figure, is described by Gregory of Tours as being hauled through farmers' fields in the 6th-century. Period illustration of costumed figure from a Schembartbuch. Period illustration of costumed figure from a Schembartbuch. A third case involves the mysterious "land-ship," a full-scale wheeled ship hauled from Germany into Belgium, and the Netherlands in 1135. Mentioned exclusively by the Flemish abbot, composer, and chronicler Rudolf of St. Trond in his Gesta Abbatum Trudonensium (Deeds of the Abbots of Trond), it's characterized by the abbot as a sort of pagan temple on wheels and locus of orgiastic behavior, the precise purpose and nature of this peculiar incident remains largely a mystery. We then hear a comic incident imagined in the early 13th-century story of the knight Parzival as told by Wolfram von Eschenbach. By way of analogy to the character's ludicrous behavior, Carnival is mentioned for the first time, or more specifically von Eschenbach use the German word for Carnival, specifically the Carnival of Germany's southwest called "Fastnacht." Our story of the Schembartlauf concludes the show with a description of its ironic downfall through local intrigues fired by the Protestant Reformation. Worth mentioning also, in our Schembart segment, is the heated scholarly debate around objects depicted in period illustrations, which look for all the world like oversized pyrotechnic artichokes. New Patreon rewards related to Mr. Ridenour's Carnival book are also announced in this episode, along with related Carnival-themed merch in our Etsy shop, including our "Party Like it's 1598" shirts featuring Schembart figures.

Our heroes discover more of The Abbots madness as they explore the Abbey of Saint Markovia... and meet a fated ally. Featuring: Joseph as the DM Mark as the Reborn Warlock "Vogelsuch" Bun as the Elf Bard "Vio" Sam as Orc Druid "Grude" Steph as the Human Artificer "Minerva" Jess (Nemir) as the Tiefling Sorcerer "Romaia" Please note: While the FrogCast often aims for a "PG-13" rating, this module contains elements of horror and mature themes that might be uncomfortable to some. Elements of body horror, implied mistreatment of children (such as child ghosts), and mature themes commonly associated with vampires and gothic settings will be present throughout the adventure. This adventure is based off of "Curse of Strahd Reloaded" by "DragnaCarta" https://www.patreon.com/DragnaCarta/posts Character art by: https://linktr.ee/melthehoneybee Enjoy! Podcast: https://anchor.fm/lfrogdnd YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/josephblanchette Blue Sky: https://bsky.app/profile/josephlfrog.bsky.socialtures Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/legendaryfrog

On episode 1130 of Daytime Confidential, Luke Kerr, Jillian Bowe and Joshua Baldwin dish the latest The Bold and the Beautiful, Days of Our Lives, General Hospital and The Young and the Restless headline and storylines, including: The Bold and the Beautiful casts Rebecca Budig as Doctor Taylor Hayes. Why is Taylor stalking Brooke and Ridge in Monaco? What is going on with Hope and her headaches?  Alison Sweeney is returning to Days of Our Lives. Emily O'Brien is out at DAYS, but could she return in the near future? If so, would it be as Theresa or Gwen? AnnaLynne McCord makes her DAYS debut. Will she end up being Abigail or is she a red herring? Xander and Sara finally say "I do." Emme Rylan isn't returning to General Hospital as Lulu but the show is bringing Lulu back. How should she be reincorporated into the canvas? GH's worst kept secret is confirmed. Bryan Craig returned as Morgan for a single episode.  Diane and Phyllis face off over Kyle and Summer on The Young and the Restless. Billy wants to be a silent partner and let Lily run Abbott Chancellor? How long will that last? Is Billy being set up for a big meltdown? Abby has always been an afterthought of the Newmans, but now she's an afterthought of the Abbots. Why can't Abby get a good storyline? All this and more on the latest Daytime Confidential podcast! Twitter: @DCConfidential, Luke_Kerr, JillianBowe, Josh Baldwin, and Melodie Aikels. Facebook: Daytime Confidential Subscribe to Daytime Confidential on iTunes, Google Play, and Spotify.

Na konci května uplynulo 140 let od narození Edvarda Beneše. Zpravodaj Jaromír Marek si ho zajel připomenout do míst, kde trávil možná nejtěžší léta své politické kariéry. Po okupaci Československa nacisty našel útočiště v Anglii. Pracoval v Londýně, žil však v hodinu a půl vzdálené vesnici Aston Abbots. Jeho tehdejší sídlo The Abbey je dnes v soukromých rukách. Z původního vybavení nic nezůstalo, ale stále se v něm můžete usadit u krbu, kde Edvard Beneš přijímal návštěvy.

Na konci května uplynulo 140 let od narození Edvarda Beneše. Zpravodaj Jaromír Marek si ho zajel připomenout do míst, kde trávil možná nejtěžší léta své politické kariéry. Po okupaci Československa nacisty našel útočiště v Anglii. Pracoval v Londýně, žil však v hodinu a půl vzdálené vesnici Aston Abbots. Jeho tehdejší sídlo The Abbey je dnes v soukromých rukách. Z původního vybavení nic nezůstalo, ale stále se v něm můžete usadit u krbu, kde Edvard Beneš přijímal návštěvy.Všechny díly podcastu Zápisník zahraničních zpravodajů můžete pohodlně poslouchat v mobilní aplikaci mujRozhlas pro Android a iOS nebo na webu mujRozhlas.cz.

Ho conosciuto Francesco alla presentazione di Sciacchetrail 100K. Lui si stava preparando per correre mentre io facevo il buffone.Parlandoci, ho poi scoperto la sua vocazione di per le lunghe distanze, anche fino alla 100 miglia.Versione video su Youtube: https://youtu.be/aQUNGcY5Zo4?si=BeTSAbaOUyEtfEDJProfilo Strava di Francesco: https://www.strava.com/athletes/50176223Libri menzionati nella puntata: Born to run, di Christopher McDougall: https://amzn.to/3V1zx84Mindful running, di Vanessa Zuisei Goddard: https://amzn.to/3KqjeM5----------------------Supporta questo progetto tramite un contributo mensile su Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/da0a42In alternativa, puoi fare una donazione "una-tantum".PayPal: https://www.paypal.com/paypalme/lorenzomaggianiBuymeacoffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/da0a42Acquista il materiale ufficiale del podcast: https://da0a42.home.blog/shop/Iscriviti a "30 giorni da runner": https://da0a42.home.blog/30-giorni-da-runner/Seguimi!Canale Telegram: https://t.me/da0a42Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/da0a42/Profilo Strava: https://www.strava.com/athletes/37970087Club Strava: https://www.strava.com/clubs/da0a42Sito: https://da0a42.home.blogOppure contattami!https://da0a42.home.blog/contatti/Il mio microfono, HyperX Quadcast: https://amzn.to/3bs06wC----------------------Un grazie a tutti i miei sostenitori:Matteo Bombelli, Antonio Palma, George Caldarescu, Dorothea Cuccini, Alessandro Rizzo, Calogero Augusta, Mauro Del Quondam, Claudio Pittarello, Fabio Perrone, Roberto Callegari, Jim Bilotto, Luca Felicetti, Andrea Borsetto, Massimo Ferretti, Bruno Gianeri, Andrea Pompini, Cristiano Paganoni, Joseph Djeke, Luca Demartino, Laura Bernacca, Matteo Bucciol, Vincenzo Iannotta, Patty Bellia, Pasquale Castrilli, Gaetano Fresa, Laura Ravani, Xavier Fallico, Alessio Puglia, Nicola Monachello, Gabriele Orazi, Matilde Bisighini, Carmine Cuccuru.----------------------Music credits: Feeling of Sunlight by Danosongs - https://danosongs.comDiventa un supporter di questo podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/da-0-a-42-il-mio-podcast-sul-running--4063195/support.

The Community of St Gregory the Great sing the Gregorian Chant Mass for the Memoria of SS. Odo, Maieul, Odilo, Hugh and Bl. Peter the Venerable, Abbots of Cluny. Recorded live at Southgate House on 11 May 2024.

Premier1 Lithium Ltd (ASX:PLC) CEO Richard Taylor joins Jonathan Jackson in the Proactive studio to share results from the company's initial drilling at Abbotts North. The program confirmed the presence of pegmatites at greater depths, enriching the understanding of the lithium-caesium-tantalum (LCT) system within the project area. Taylor emphasised that while this exploration was in its early stages, the geological narrative of Abbotts North was becoming clearer with each step. He noted that the analysis of reverse circulation samples will be pivotal in determining future drilling sites and assessing the region's lithium potential. Premier1 Lithium is set to conduct further mapping and sampling at Buttamiah and across its broader tenement to establish precise drill targets, alongside preparing for necessary heritage clearance surveys. The company is well-funded for the next stage of drilling at Abbotts North, with plenty of newsflow to come over the coming months. #ProactiveInvestors #Premier1Lithium #ASX #criticalminerals #Lithium #invest #investing #investment #investor #stockmarket #stocks #stock #stockmarketnews

This episode Justice talks about his 3 day Bender and the cast gets into Jonathan Majors Setting and Breaking Boundries Suppor the Pod by becoming a Patron ⁠Patreon.com/entangledthots ⁠ Follow us on Socials Instagram ⁠https://www.instagram.com/entangledth0ts/⁠⁠https://www.instagram.com/onlypoeticjustice/⁠ Jeiden Sarutobi

#cbsdaytime #theyoungandtherestless #spoilers #y&r Get ready for explosive drama in Genoa City! In this week's edition of "The Young and the Restless" spoilers, tensions reach their boiling point as the Abbots face a shocking fallout. Kyle takes drastic measures, kicking Summer out of his life, only to find solace in the arms of someone unexpected—Audra! Will this passionate encounter tear the Abbott family apart forever? Don't miss a single jaw-dropping moment in the upcoming episodes from June 26th to June 30th, 2023. Stay tuned for all the thrilling twists and turns that will leave you craving more of Y&R's riveting storyline! Announcing Fan Merchandise!! The Young & The Restless and The Bold & The Beautiful!! Shop Safely Shop Here! https://cbssoapdishrecapmerch.mystrikingly.com/ Source: CBS Music: Mixkit- Try Me

In conversation with the incredible running couple Sadhana and Sudhakar on their journey of conquering the Abbott world majors together. Sadhana is a management graduate who currently works with her family business in the well-known South Indian restaurant chain A2B. Sudhakar is an engineer and tech professional. They have two lovely kids. They are an everyday couple with a common passion for running and well-being, and they achieved this incredible feat together. Chapter timelines 0:00 Intro and background 7:20 The beginnings 12:47 Moving to the USA and signing up for the half marathon 17:34 The first full marathon 21:28 The start of Abbot's major journey 24:23 Running medals as jewelry 30:11 The feeling of shaving off 90 mins for PR 32:53 The next three majors 39:52 the decision to move back to India 42:12 Balancing parental responsibilities 44:23 Positive impact on marital relationship 49:04 Training in India 57:58 The Tokyo finale experience 1:08:40 What's next on the horizon 1:11:05 The fun Q&A round 1:20:16 The last word

The Community of St Gregory the Great sing the Gregorian Chant Mass for the Memoria of SS Robert, Alberic and Stephen, first Abbots of Citeaux. Recorded live at Southgate House on 26 January 2023.

Today's Topics: The exclusion of orthodox Jews from the White House celebration of Anti-hate. How to be prepared for a Hurricane or other emergency.  Friday's debates, and why Democrats are running scared. 00:00 – Sam's introduction for WEDNESDAY SEPTEMBER 28, 2022. 29:01 –Yaakov Menken – Rabbi – 8 min – It is Rosh Hashanah, and the only ones not invited to the White House party are orthodox Jewish. Progressive Jews are on the White House staff, but they hate the orthodox Jews. 08:43 – Col. Steve Bucci – Heritage Foundation – 15 min – Col. Bucci talked about Hurricane Ian and emergency preparedness. He said Florida is the model state for emergency preparedness. He explained how to prepare for a hurricane and what it takes to be a leader in an emergency situation.  He said direct actions in concrete ways because vague commands. 23:15 – Jessica Colon – Republican Strategist – 9 min – Jessica said she is looking forward to getting rid of Nancy Pelosi and focusing on things that are real and vital. She said America is flipping under the influence of the Democrats.  She talked about the upcoming Abbot vs O'Rourke debate. She said because of the border situation, Abbots popularity among Hispanics is rising. 35:35 – close.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

#8.  If you were ready to leave your provincial village,  see the world and maybe party a bit, what options did you have? Then as now you went to college! Join us as we go back to school at the medieval University of Paris in this episode of Paris Gone By!Correction:  I mention the Bishops of Cluny, however their correct title was the Abbots of Cluny.  Links for the Episode:Musee de Cluny. Église Saint-Séverin. Church of Saint Julien le Pauvre. Collège de Bernardins. The nave is available for free. If you want a guided tour of the full building (for a fee), scroll to the bottom of their info page. They will resume Sept. 21 on Tuesdays, Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays at 4 p.m. Reserve day-of only.Notre Dame De Paris. La Chappelle de la Sorbonne.  Available for pre-booked group tours (includes other parts of the Sorbonne as well) Want to know more?  Check out the full show notes—with a walking map of Medieval Student Paris!—on the PGB website. Like what you heard and would like to support the podcast further?  Please consider buying me a coffee, shopping at the boutique,  or exploring other ways to support the cause. Thank you so much!  À bientôt!  

The Red-headed League by Arthur Conan Doyle Read by Kara Shallenberg (...) “Well, I thought over the matter all day, and by evening I was in low spirits again; for I had quite persuaded myself that the whole affair must be some great hoax or fraud, though what its object might be I could not imagine. It seemed altogether past belief that anyone could make such a will, or that they would pay such a sum for doing anything so simple as copying out the Encyclopædia Britannica. Vincent Spaulding did what he could to cheer me up, but by bedtime I had reasoned myself out of the whole thing. However, in the morning I determined to have a look at it anyhow, so I bought a penny bottle of ink, and with a quill-pen, and seven sheets of foolscap paper, I started off for Pope's Court. “Well, to my surprise and delight, everything was as right as possible. The table was set out ready for me, and Mr. Duncan Ross was there to see that I got fairly to work. He started me off upon the letter A, and then he left me; but he would drop in from time to time to see that all was right with me. At two o'clock he bade me good-day, complimented me upon the amount that I had written, and locked the door of the office after me. “This went on day after day, Mr. Holmes, and on Saturday the manager came in and planked down four golden sovereigns for my week's work. It was the same next week, and the same the week after. Every morning I was there at ten, and every afternoon I left at two. By degrees Mr. Duncan Ross took to coming in only once of a morning, and then, after a time, he did not come in at all. Still, of course, I never dared to leave the room for an instant, for I was not sure when he might come, and the billet was such a good one, and suited me so well, that I would not risk the loss of it. “Eight weeks passed away like this, and I had written about Abbots and Archery and Armour and Architecture and Attica, and hoped with diligence that I might get on to the B's before very long. It cost me something in foolscap, and I had pretty nearly filled a shelf with my writings. And then suddenly the whole business came to an end.” “To an end?” “Yes, sir. And no later than this morning. I went to my work as usual at ten o'clock, but the door was shut and locked, with a little square of cardboard hammered on to the middle of the panel with a tack. Here it is, and you can read for yourself.” He held up a piece of white cardboard about the size of a sheet of note-paper. It read in this fashion: “THE RED-HEADED LEAGUE IS DISSOLVED. October 9, 1890.” Sherlock Holmes and I surveyed this curt announcement and the rueful face behind it, until the comical side of the affair so completely overtopped every other consideration that we both burst out into a roar of laughter. “I cannot see that there is anything very funny,” cried our client, flushing up to the roots of his flaming head. “If you can do nothing better than laugh at me, I can go elsewhere.” “No, no,” cried Holmes, shoving him back into the chair from which he had half risen. “I really wouldn't miss your case for the world. It is most refreshingly unusual. But there is, if you will excuse my saying so, something just a little funny about it. Pray what steps did you take when you found the card upon the door?” “I was staggered, sir. I did not know what to do. Then I called at the offices round, but none of them seemed to know anything about it. Finally, I went to the landlord, who is an accountant living on the ground floor, and I asked him if he could tell me what had become of the Red-headed League. He said that he had never heard of any such body. Then I asked him who Mr. Duncan Ross was. He answered that the name was new to him. “‘Well,' said I, ‘the gentleman at No. 4.' “‘What, the red-headed man?' “‘Yes.' “‘Oh,' said he, ‘his name was William Morris. He was a solicitor and was using my room as a temporary convenience until his new premises were ready. He moved out yesterday.' “‘Where could I find him?' “‘Oh, at his new offices. He did tell me the address. Yes, 17 King Edward Street, near St. Paul's.' “I started off, Mr. Holmes, but when I got to that address it was a manufactory of artificial knee-caps, and no one in it had ever heard of either Mr. William Morris or Mr. Duncan Ross.” “And what did you do then?” asked Holmes. “I went home to Saxe-Coburg Square, and I took the advice of my assistant. But he could not help me in any way. He could only say that if I waited I should hear by post. But that was not quite good enough, Mr. Holmes. I did not wish to lose such a place without a struggle, so, as I had heard that you were good enough to give advice to poor folk who were in need of it, I came right away to you.” (...)

The Red-headed League by Arthur Conan Doyle (Part 7) Read by Mark Smith (...) “Well, I thought over the matter all day, and by evening I was in low spirits again; for I had quite persuaded myself that the whole affair must be some great hoax or fraud, though what its object might be I could not imagine. It seemed altogether past belief that anyone could make such a will, or that they would pay such a sum for doing anything so simple as copying out the Encyclopædia Britannica. Vincent Spaulding did what he could to cheer me up, but by bedtime I had reasoned myself out of the whole thing. However, in the morning I determined to have a look at it anyhow, so I bought a penny bottle of ink, and with a quill-pen, and seven sheets of foolscap paper, I started off for Pope's Court. “Well, to my surprise and delight, everything was as right as possible. The table was set out ready for me, and Mr. Duncan Ross was there to see that I got fairly to work. He started me off upon the letter A, and then he left me; but he would drop in from time to time to see that all was right with me. At two o'clock he bade me good-day, complimented me upon the amount that I had written, and locked the door of the office after me. “This went on day after day, Mr. Holmes, and on Saturday the manager came in and planked down four golden sovereigns for my week's work. It was the same next week, and the same the week after. Every morning I was there at ten, and every afternoon I left at two. By degrees Mr. Duncan Ross took to coming in only once of a morning, and then, after a time, he did not come in at all. Still, of course, I never dared to leave the room for an instant, for I was not sure when he might come, and the billet was such a good one, and suited me so well, that I would not risk the loss of it. “Eight weeks passed away like this, and I had written about Abbots and Archery and Armour and Architecture and Attica, and hoped with diligence that I might get on to the B's before very long. It cost me something in foolscap, and I had pretty nearly filled a shelf with my writings. And then suddenly the whole business came to an end.” “To an end?” “Yes, sir. And no later than this morning. I went to my work as usual at ten o'clock, but the door was shut and locked, with a little square of cardboard hammered on to the middle of the panel with a tack. Here it is, and you can read for yourself.” He held up a piece of white cardboard about the size of a sheet of note-paper. It read in this fashion: “THE RED-HEADED LEAGUE IS DISSOLVED. October 9, 1890.” Sherlock Holmes and I surveyed this curt announcement and the rueful face behind it, until the comical side of the affair so completely overtopped every other consideration that we both burst out into a roar of laughter. “I cannot see that there is anything very funny,” cried our client, flushing up to the roots of his flaming head. “If you can do nothing better than laugh at me, I can go elsewhere.” “No, no,” cried Holmes, shoving him back into the chair from which he had half risen. “I really wouldn't miss your case for the world. It is most refreshingly unusual. But there is, if you will excuse my saying so, something just a little funny about it. Pray what steps did you take when you found the card upon the door?” “I was staggered, sir. I did not know what to do. Then I called at the offices round, but none of them seemed to know anything about it. Finally, I went to the landlord, who is an accountant living on the ground floor, and I asked him if he could tell me what had become of the Red-headed League. He said that he had never heard of any such body. Then I asked him who Mr. Duncan Ross was. He answered that the name was new to him. “‘Well,' said I, ‘the gentleman at No. 4.' “‘What, the red-headed man?' “‘Yes.' “‘Oh,' said he, ‘his name was William Morris. He was a solicitor and was using my room as a temporary convenience until his new premises were ready. He moved out yesterday.' “‘Where could I find him?' “‘Oh, at his new offices. He did tell me the address. Yes, 17 King Edward Street, near St. Paul's.' “I started off, Mr. Holmes, but when I got to that address it was a manufactory of artificial knee-caps, and no one in it had ever heard of either Mr. William Morris or Mr. Duncan Ross.” “And what did you do then?” asked Holmes. “I went home to Saxe-Coburg Square, and I took the advice of my assistant. But he could not help me in any way. He could only say that if I waited I should hear by post. But that was not quite good enough, Mr. Holmes. I did not wish to lose such a place without a struggle, so, as I had heard that you were good enough to give advice to poor folk who were in need of it, I came right away to you.” (...)

“Eight weeks passed away like this, and I had written about Abbots and Archery and Armour and Architecture and Attica, and hoped with diligence that I might get on to the B's before very long. It cost me something in foolscap, and I had pretty nearly filled a shelf with my writings. And then suddenly the whole business came to an end.” “To an end?” “Yes, sir. And no later than this morning. I went to my work as usual at ten o'clock, but the door was shut and locked, with a little square of cardboard hammered on to the middle of the panel with a tack. Here it is, and you can read for yourself.” He held up a piece of white cardboard about the size of a sheet of note-paper. It read in this fashion: “THE RED-HEADED LEAGUE IS DISSOLVED. October 9, 1890.” ------------------- 지난 줄거리: 윌슨은 날마다 4시간 동안 자리를 지키며 백과사전을 베끼는 일을 했고, 덩컨 로스는 점차 모습을 보이지 않았습니다. “Eight weeks passed away like this, (8주가 이렇게 지나갔습니다) and I had written about Abbots and Archery and Armour and Architecture and Attica, (저는 'Abbots', 'Archery', 'Armour', 'Architecture', 'Attica' 등의 항목에 관해 베껴 쓴 상태였죠) ✔✔✔ 브리태니커 백과사전의 'A'에 등장하는 항목을 몇 개 나열했습니다. a 다음에 t가 오는 단어를 썼으니, a 챕터가 끝날 날이 머지않았음을 알 수 있습니다. abbot: 대수도원장 archery: 활쏘기, 양궁 armour: 갑옷 architecture: 건축 attica: 고대 아테네 지배 하에 있었던 그리스 남동부 지역 ✔✔✔ and hoped with diligence (그리고 성실하게 일하며 바랐습니다) ✔✔✔ diligence: 근면, 부지런함 that I might get on to the B's before very long. (머지않아 'B'에 도달할 수 있기를) ✔✔✔ get on: ...에 도착하다 It cost me something in foolscap, (풀스캡 종이에 비용이 좀 들었고) ✔✔✔ cost me something: cost는 '돈이나 비용이 들다'는 뜻이므로, cost something은 '돈이 얼마 정도 들다'로 해석합니다. and I had pretty nearly filled a shelf with my writings. (제가 베껴 쓴 종이로 선반 하나를 거의 채울 지경이었죠) And then suddenly the whole business came to an end.” (그러다 갑자기 모든 일이 끝나버렸습니다) “To an end?” (끝났다고요?) “Yes, sir. And no later than this morning. (예, 선생님. 다름아닌 바로 오늘 아침에요.) ✔✔✔ no later than this morning: '오늘 아침보다 늦지 않은 시각'이란 뜻이지만, 여기서 no later than은 강조의 뜻으로 쓰였습니다. '그게 바로 오늘 아침이라니까요!' 이런 느낌입니다. 그래서 이럴 때는 '다름아닌'처럼 강조 어구로 해석해 주면 됩니다. no earlier than을 써도 되지만, 이 경우에는 no later than이 맥락에 더 어울립니다. I went to my work as usual at ten o'clock, (저는 평소처럼 10시에 출근을 했죠) but the door was shut and locked, (근데 문이 닫히고 잠겨 있었어요) with a little square of cardboard (작은 사각형 판지가...) ✔✔✔ cardboard: 카드보드지, 판지, 마분지 hammered on to the middle of the panel with a tack. (문의 판넬 가운데에 못으로 박힌 채) ✔✔✔ with a cardboard hammered...: with+[명사]+[과거분사] 구문으로, 상태를 나타냅니다. '카드보드지가 망치로 박힌 채...' on to the middle of the panel: 문의 판넬 가운데 위로 with a tack: 고정못으로. 즉, 망치질하여 고정못으로 판지를 고정해 놓았다는 뜻입니다. ✔✔✔ Here it is, and you can read for yourself.” (여기 있습니다, 직접 읽어보세요) He held up a piece of white cardboard (윌슨은 흰색 판지 한 조각을 내밀었다) ✔✔✔ hold up: ...을 손으로 들어올리다 about the size of a sheet of note-paper. (노트 한 장 크기 정도 되는) [흰색 판지] ✔✔✔ about: 여기서는 '대략'이라는 뜻입니다. It read in this fashion: (그것은 이런 식으로 적혀 있었다) ✔✔✔ in this fasion: 이런 방식으로 “THE RED-HEADED LEAGUE IS DISSOLVED. October 9, 1890.” ("붉은 머리 연맹 해산됨. 1890년 10월 9일.") ✔✔✔ dissolve: 녹이다, 없애다, 해산하다 dissolve sugar in water '설탕을 물에 녹이다'

The Community of St Gregory the Great sing the Gregorian Chant Mass for the Memoria of the Holy Abbots of Cluny. Recorded live at Southgate House on 11 May 2022.

Alex and Dhammarato discuss the unusual way in which the Dhamma spread in the West, the flaws in English-language translations of the Pali suttas, the need for a Sangha in the West, and efforts underway to provide a richer environment for teachers, prospective teachers, and students. See the video version of this call on YouTube. ►YouTube Video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Py8YVyT7bMc Find the full video chats on the Dhammarato Dhamma YouTube channel. ►YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/c/DhammaratoDhamma Weekly Sangha calls, everyone is welcome! ►The Sangha US - https://join.skype.com/uyYzUwJ3e3TO ►The Sangha UK - https://join.skype.com/w6nFHnra6vdh To meet Dhamma friends or volunteer to help spread the Dhamma, join our discord. ►Discord - https://discord.gg/epphTGY To unite the growing interest in Buddhism with the hundreds of Buddhist wats in the West, we are in the process of starting the Open Sangha Foundation. If you want to learn more or volunteer to help, join the discord link above and navigate to the "open-sangha" text channel. We are in the process of timestamping and organizing the 1000+ Dhammarato skype calls on this channel. If you would like to help with the process, find more information here - https://bit.ly/3H1EWSA What do the numbers in the title mean? The number by the name of the student indicates the total amount of recorded calls with Dhammarato. The date in the title indicates the date the call was recorded. 00:00 The lack of Sangha in the West 04:43 The unusual history of Pali translation; bad dictionaries 08:14 Teaching Dhamma in the West is difficult 12:10 Meditation is slow for Westerners because there's no Sangha 16:29 Building a community of like-minded people 17:51 Wats in the United States would welcome Westerners 20:35 Abbots are open to this development 22:46 A rich opportunity for teachers and students 25:46 Helping teachers to learn from each other 30:30 Looking for volunteers; Zoom calls for teachers and prospective teachers 37:24 A clearing house for donations; making sure donors are informed and appreciated 43:41 Bad feelings about unwholesome thoughts; adrenaline 47:08 Paticcasamuppāda  48:56 The value of volunteering

February 28 - Sts. Romanus and Lupicinus, Abbots Source: "Lives of the Saints: With Reflections for Every Day in the Year" by Rev. Alban Butler Read by: Maria Therese, Librivox https://bit.ly/3sKZVFj Visit the website: https://savenowthysoul.wordpress.com/ for sermons and meditations. SOCIAL MEDIA: Twitter: https://twitter.com/savenowthysoul Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/savenowthysoul/ TikTok: https://tiktok.com/savenowthysoul Thank you for listening and God bless you, and keep you!

Episode 117f Monasteries, Bishops, Abbotts and The Loch Ness MonsterDescription: Dr. Carly McNamara of the University of Glasgow joins us again to lead us through another great topic in the conversion of the Irish to Christianity. Today we will talk about monasteries, abbots and bishops and the roles they played in Irish Christianity. We will also talk about new evidence and new interpretations on the organization of early Irish Christianity.About Today's Guest:Dr. Carolyn McNamaraOn Twitter: @MedievalCarlyEducation Evolved: @EducationEvolvd www.educationevolvedltd.com/You can learn more about the History of Papacy and subscribe at all these great places:http://atozhistorypage.com/https://www.historyofthepapacypodcast.comemail: steve@atozhistorypage.comhttps://www.patreon.com/historyofthepapacyparthenonpodcast.comhttps://www.gettr.com/user/atozhistoryBeyond the Big Screen:Beyondthebigscreen.comThe History of the Papacy on YouTube:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6DO2leym3kizBHW0ZWl-nAGet Your History of the Papacy Podcast Products Here: https://www.atozhistorypage.com/productsHelp out the show by ordering these books from Amazon!https://amzn.com/w/1MUPNYEU65NTFMusic Provided by:"Danse Macabre" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)"Virtutes Instrumenti" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)"Crusades" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)"Funeral March for Brass" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)"String Impromptu Number 1" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)"Intended Force" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Agnus Dei X - Bitter Suite Kevin MacLeaod (incomptech.com)"Folk Round" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)"Celtic Impulse" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/Image Credits:By Ariely - Own work, CC BY 3.0, ttps://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4533576By Pam Brophy, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9124089By ACBahn - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33810833By JohnArmagh - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26491115Begin Transcript:Thank you for listening to the History of the Papacy. I am your host Steve and we are a member of the Parthenon Podcast network, including Scott Rank's History Unplugged, James Early's Key Battles of American History, Richard Lim's This American President. Go to parthenon podcast dot com to learn more.•Patreon Plug patreon.com/history of the papacy•4 Tiers – Antioch, Alexandria, Constantinople and Rome•Inclusion on the History of the Papacy Diptychs, bonus audio and video content, Pope coin coming soon, monthly book drawings, early content, and add free, early content. Sign up early so that you have your name at the top of the lists!•Now, let us commemorate the Patreon Patrons on the History of the Papacy Diptychs. We have oRoberto, Goran, William, Brian, Jeffrey, Christina, John, and Sarah at the Alexandria level oDapo, Paul, Justin and Lana all of who are the Magnificent at the Constantinople Level. oReaching the ultimate power and prestige, that of the See of Rome: we have Peter the Great!•Dr. Carly McNamara of the University of Glasgow joins us again to lead us through another great topic in the conversion of the Irish to Christianity. Today we will talk about monasteries, abbots and bishops and the roles they played in Irish Christianity. We will also talk about new evidence and new interpretations on the organization of early Irish Christianity.•With that, here is the next piece of the mosaic of the history of the Popes of Rome and Christian Church.Steve: [00:00:00] Now th there has been a fairly recent change in scholarship on how the, what the role of the Bishop was an Ireland. What was the traditional scholarship on the role of the Bishop and how has that sort of modified throughout the sense maybe the, the eighties.Dr. Carly McNamara: Yeah, that's a great point. So the previous understanding was that, you know, there's the. It was a huge blossoming of monastic. Life in Ireland, I think to a degree that you don't frequently see elsewhere, just the sheer number of monasteries in Ireland is impressive. So there was this belief that it was the Abbots themselves that were the most important ecclesiastical figures.In Ireland and north Britain in this early medieval period, and that they held a higher status even than [00:01:00] bishops. And some of this belief was based on, I think. The point that we were in understanding the materials that we had at the time. So as I've said, we've, we've constantly been evolving in how we understand materials and how we work with them.And maybe even what's been translated, you know, I have this huge pile of, of materials, but if we haven't had time to properly have a look at it and compare them with each other and really make sure we're understanding what's going on, then we're not going to have as good an understanding as we do, you know, once that work has been done.And I think that's part of what went into this previous perspective versus how we, we view it now. So. There's not as many discussions of bishops because you are unlikely to have as many bishops as Abbott's, you know, every monastery needs an Abbott, but not every monastery needs a Bishop. [00:02:00] And even at my favorite monastery at banger, like they only had a few bishops ever, so we can cut.Take that into mind, as we're thinking about, you know, what this understanding was, but yeah, starting around the 1980s, they really started to readdress some of these earlier perspectives and realize that, you know, When we talk about these monks and these monasteries, the monks themselves were not likely to be in clerical orders themselves.Like it, wasn't a requirement of being a monk. And even if you're not in monastic orders and you haven't taken an oath of being a monk, you know, there's an even larger pool of lay brothers that existed around monastery who were associated. Perhaps just because they lived on land owned by the monastery.So [00:03:00] there's this large lay population that's associated with the monastery and none of those people needed to be in clerical orders. And we've come to understand more and more that, you know, all of this pastoral care that's required. In the church was under the purview of the Bishop. You know, the Abbott didn't have the right to ordain clerics.He may not have been ordained himself. So the Bishop needed to do that. And the Bishop was the one who had the right to, you know, bring a church into use as a sacred place. And so they're the ones who have that power. And they were the ones who were charged with the good working of a church and making sure that, you know, the people receive the sacraments that they needed, whether it's, you know, birth or, um, baptism or, you know, final rights and burial.So that was all under the purview [00:04:00] of the Bishop. So this thought that had existed about, you know, the Abbott speak, the ones in charge because they were maybe so many of them. And I think there was also some confusion in that there wasn't a big city for a Bishop to kind of have as his seat of his power.There was no York, there was no Canterbury for these bishops to be located at. As part of what led to that, uh, previous understanding, but that we're, we're starting, we're getting better and better at it. Seeing how it more likely was today with this, you know, monasteries and Abbott's being more concerned about their monastic lives than about the pastoral care of the, the wider communities.And we see that even in the life of St. Colombia. And if people are interested in early medieval religious lives, I highly recommend reading the life of Saint [00:05:00] Colombia. It's really easy to read. You know, there's a really good translation by Richard Sharp. It's got the earliest mention of the Lochness monster in it.So it's lots of fun. Uh, But we also see in it that Colomba himself as described by Adivan a hundred years later, his focus wasn't on conversion. You know, this is very different from what we see with Patrick, he's interested in his own community. And the times that you'll see him involved with conversions are when people have specifically come to him and said, you know, Colombia, please, you know, do this for me.You know, I'm about to die. I want to die a Christian or what have you that they've specifically come to him to ask him personally for intervention. Steve: Yeah, it's kind of interesting because, because Ireland wasn't in the Roman empire, that or organization would be a little bit different, but maybe not quite [00:06:00] as different as what earlier scholars thought.

Episode 117e The Irish and Celts Out Front and Early AdoptersDescription: In today's episode Dr. Carly McNamara of the University of Glasgow will lead us through the early conversion of the Irish to Christianity. We will talk about some of the sources we can look to for more information as well as how we should interpret those sources.About Today's Guest:Dr. Carolyn McNamaraOn Twitter: @MedievalCarlyEducation Evolved: @EducationEvolvd www.educationevolvedltd.com/You can learn more about the History of Papacy and subscribe at all these great places:http://atozhistorypage.com/https://www.historyofthepapacypodcast.comemail: steve@atozhistorypage.comhttps://www.patreon.com/historyofthepapacyparthenonpodcast.comhttps://www.gettr.com/user/atozhistoryBeyond the Big Screen:Beyondthebigscreen.comThe History of the Papacy on YouTube:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6DO2leym3kizBHW0ZWl-nAGet Your History of the Papacy Podcast Products Here: https://www.atozhistorypage.com/productsHelp out the show by ordering these books from Amazon!https://amzn.com/w/1MUPNYEU65NTFMusic Provided by:"Danse Macabre" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)"Virtutes Instrumenti" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)"Crusades" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)"Funeral March for Brass" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)"String Impromptu Number 1" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)"Intended Force" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Agnus Dei X - Bitter Suite Kevin MacLeaod (incomptech.com)"Folk Round" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)"Celtic Impulse" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/Image Credits:By Ariely - Own work, CC BY 3.0, ttps://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4533576By Pam Brophy, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9124089By ACBahn - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33810833By JohnArmagh - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26446337Begin Transcript:Thank you for listening to the History of the Papacy. I am your host Steve and we are a member of the Parthenon Podcast network, including Scott Rank's History Unplugged, James Early's Key Battles of American History, Richard Lim's This American President. Go to parthenon podcast dot com to learn more.•Patreon Plug patreon.com/history of the papacy•4 Tiers – Antioch, Alexandria, Constantinople and Rome•Inclusion on the History of the Papacy Diptychs, bonus audio and video content, Pope coin coming soon, monthly book drawings, early content, and add free, early content. Sign up early so that you have your name at the top of the lists!•Now, let us commemorate the Patreon Patrons on the History of the Papacy Diptychs. We have oRoberto, Goran, William, Brian, Jeffrey, Christina, John, and Sarah at the Alexandria level oDapo, Paul, Justin and Lana all of who are the Magnificent at the Constantinople Level. oReaching the ultimate power and prestige, that of the See of Rome: we have Peter the Great!•In today's episode Dr. Carly McNamara of the University of Glasgow will lead us through the early conversion of the Irish to Christianity. We will talk about some of the sources we can look to for more information as well as how we should interpret those sources. •With that, here is the next piece of the mosaic of the history of the Popes of Rome and Christian Church.Steve: [00:00:00] All right. Let's dive right back into the history of Christianity and the British Isles. We are joined again by Dr. Carlene McNamara of the university of glass gout to lead us through this fascinating period in history. We've discussed a great deal of information already in this series. So what will we be focusing in on today? Dr. Carly McNamara: Yeah. So today, you know, we've talked about the ancient Coutts and we've talked about the coming of Christianity to. And in Northern Britain. So today I really wanted to focus on, you know, what does the church look like when it's getting settled into this new area? Know we're looking at areas that are kind of beyond the direct control of the Roman empire.And so it's nice to see kind of what they do with Christianity. Once they kind of get their hands properly around it.Steve: And so we are dealing with these areas outside of the Roman empire. So now we really should start [00:01:00] off talking about sources and what can we use to, uh, derive some ideas from this time period? Dr. Carly McNamara: Yeah, that's a great point. So there's a number of different kinds of sources that we can look at for this period. Uh, we even see in. Juridical or legal documents that survived from the medieval period, you know, information about Christianity. That's really starting to become codified, but you know, there's, hagiographies which your readers are like, are you.Listeners readers. Ha I'm funny. Uh, your listeners are likely familiar with hagiographies in that they are, you know, stories of the lives of saints, but we have to give a huge caveat to that in that it's not like a biography that we might read of, you know, former president Obama or some other well-known person today.It's. It's not gonna be that kind of story. [00:02:00] Hagiographies have lots of miracles. There's usually lots of like telling the future that's going on and there's, we have to be really careful in how we approach and work with them. Uh, there's animals. And so animals, I liked two. Talk about as, you know, if someone's keeping their daily diary in a monastery of the big things of the monasteries interested in.So they're recording the deaths of Kings they're recording, maybe eclipses in the sky earthquakes that might happen. Big battles are the deaths of important Abbots or bishops in their local area. So we're getting a lot of information from them, but it tends to be pretty sparse. It's like on this day, there was a battle at this place and this guy won and that's the whole entry.So. We have to use them as a skeleton upon which we might be able to build some additional detail. And then we've got [00:03:00] liturgical books we've got in Tiffany's, which contained chance for use during mass or the canonical hours. And indeed one of the earliest and Tiffany Aries, that survives is from the.Early eighth century, I believe it's the Tiffany of banger and banger monastery there in the north of Ireland or what we'd call today Northern Ireland, you know, and the fact that something like that exists from so early is just thrilling and fascinating. So you can get, if you're interested in kind of the liturgical side of, you know, what the church is doing rather than.What I look at more as kind of the historical side, you know, those kinds of things are really useful. There's murder analogies, which are of course kind of lists of saints and their feast stays. Sometimes we might get a smidge of additional information with those, but they tend to be again, fairly bare bones.We also have, uh, for [00:04:00] Scotland. Quite useful. They Aberdeen Breviary, although it wasn't compiled until 15, 10 in Edinburgh at the behest of king James, the fourth, it's kind of the first big document that we've got that lists all these saints that are considered important in Scotland. And it includes a lot of early Christian saints.So that's really useful for us. We also have what are called histories. And I like to put this with a kind of quotations around the word histories, because it's not again what we might think of. And when you think of your textbook from your history class in high school or university, it's not going to be anything like.So we can't approach them the same way that we might, those books in our present time. So we view histories today is kind of this non-partisan or objective account of events of the past. But in the, [00:05:00] in this deep pass, in the medieval period, they just didn't exist the same way. So. Yeah, we have to think about what's the purpose of these authors writing.And remember that writing in and of itself was an expensive activity for the most part. And so it's not like you're going to have every male ruin and DeArment and, and such writing. So. It takes something or it means something for them to be putting this material down and some excellent examples of these histories that survive and amazingly.So are Gail this who was a sixth century Ramano Britain he wrote, or he's best known for writing day XCD over Tanya or on the destruction of Britain? Uh, he's pretty well-known for hating almost everyone. Except sometimes the Romans and then we've got beads who is a late, you know, seventh or eighth century [00:06:00] Northumbrian monk from where most ERO in England, he took a number of pages from Gilda's book.So you see. Similar kind of, it's usually hating on the Britains or the Welsh, but then he added some of his own information to it. A bead also wrote his own life of Saint Cuthbert at the request of the community of St. Cuthbert. So we want to keep an eye on both of these are religious men and religious orders.And so what is the purpose they have of writing these things? Trying to express or what's their goal, you know, who's their audience. When, when we think about working with these sources now a Steve: word from our sponsors,when you're working with these sources, what kind of, um, methodology do you use in maybe inside of individual sources? [00:07:00] And is there a way that you combine sources to kind of cross check that.

Recording from Abbots Yard 21/01. Starts slow but this got pretty rowdy towards the end. As always listen, enjoy and don't forget, why join the navy when you can be a pirate? Pirating around town. Xx @wax_wednesdays

It's a Celtic Christmas jam session with Abbots Cross today as we spread Christmas Cheer. It's Celtic Christmas Podcast #62. Subscribe at CelticChristmasPodcast.com.  WELCOME TO THE CELTIC CHRISTMAS PODCAST AND PLAYLIST I am Marc Gunn. I am a Celtic musician and I love Christmas music. This podcast is funded by people just like you on Patreon. Your generosity funds the creation, promotion, and production of the podcast and our companion playlist. You'll find a link to that playlist, and the artist, in the shownotes. As a patron, you also get an extended podcast of each playlist. The music podcast version is exclusive to Patreon. Sign up for as little as $1 per episode on Patreon to spread Christmas Cheer today!   FEATURED PLAYLIST: Christmas Driving Music Our latest playlist features music that is perfect for a Christmas Drive. Gather up your presents. Hop in the car. Let's go for a drive to visit family and friends with this delightful playlist of Celtic Christmas music for driving down the road. Listen to Christmas Driving now on Spotify. “God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen / Pathways / The Kesh” by Abbots Cross from Christmas Visions That was from today's special holiday guest–Abbots Cross. They are on the latest Celtic Christmas Playlist-Christmas Driving Music. HOLIDAY FEATURE: Abbots Cross Pair up two experienced musicians who enjoy Celtic music and what do you get? Well, in this case, you get Abbots Cross! One half of this duo is Alan Booth, who plays guitar, fiddle, and provides the vocals for the group. Alan comes from a musical family and has been steeped in it all his life, starting with piano at the tender age of five, and having two music teachers for parents. He even does musical volunteer work in the Pittsburgh area where he's from—and has traveled all the way to Kenya to share his deep love of singing and playing instruments.  The second half of this duo is Mike Clancy, who provides the percussion, as well as the Irish flute and whistles to the mix. Also a seasoned musician, he has performed for several of the Broadway shows that have traveled to Pittsburgh. Mike plays with several bands in addition to Abbots Cross, and has even created original jazz compositions and released them to CD himself.  It's easy to see how the blending of these two men would provide the foundation for a solid band, and they do come together well to highlight their considerable talents! The holiday album, “Christmas Visions” is a 10-track offering that has such interesting arrangements—and they are deftly played. Clancy's flute takes center stage in many of these tracks, and it just adds so much to the music. In particular, God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen is just fantastic. These guys know how to stay true to the spirit of a holiday song while experimenting with what you can do with the music. Everything on this album has a very natural, free-flowing feel to it. It's as if the arrangements are loose and the two musicians just get in the groove and have a good time pushing their abilities. A veritable Christmas “jam session”! Don't miss Si Bheag, Si Mhor / The First Noel. It's hauntingly beautiful, beginning with the flute and then picking up the guitar gently in the background. This track builds slowly and easily with a warmth and genuineness that is very pleasing. Deck the Halls is happy and cheery as it should be, but also paired with a Christmas Eve Reel, adding that Celtic flavor and appeal.  This holiday compilation by Abbots Cross is a real treat, and a standout among the many Christmas albums. Don't miss the chance to add something different to your collection of Celtic music that will help you get into the mood for celebrating!  “Si Bheag, Si Mhor/The First Noel” by Abbots Cross from Christmas Visions   IF YOU ENJOY THIS ARTIST... Follow them on streaming and add one of their songs to your playlist. You can also buy music from them, sign up to their mailing list and share this episode on social media. Use the hashtag #celticchristmaspodcast The Celtic Christmas Podcast is free to enjoy. However, it is supported by the Christmas Cheer and generosity of people like you over on Patreon.  Celtic Christmas Podcast was produced and edited by Marc Gunn. Graphics were by Miranda Nelson Designs. Subscribe through your favorite podcatcher or on our website where you can become a Christmas Patron for as little as $1 per episode. Promote Celtic culture through Christmas music at CelticChristmasPodcast.com. Nollaig Shona Daoibh!   #celticchristmas #celticchristmasmusic #abbotscross  

The Wine Thieves make their way to the south of France to the country's most productive IGP, the Pays d'Oc. This long coastal strip spanning 240 kilometres across the Mediterranean Sea from just east of Nîmes to the Spanish border is a multi-faceted region with endless sunshine, benevolent winds and variations in elevation that make it possible to successfully grow no fewer than 58 permitted grape varieties. The IGP Pays d'Oc (Indication Géographique Protégée, or, Protected Geographic Indication) is an area that serious collectors routinely overlook given its reputation for ready-to-drink wines of a nebulous geographic region. Yet the designation has been steadily transforming, helped by a modern approach, foreign interest and investment and varietal labelling. More than just pleasure-for-price, the area is also a non-conformist playground, thanks to the freedom afforded by the Pays d'Oc IGP designation.John and Sara interview three producers who forged unique identities within the Pays d'Oc. First up is Tim Ford, Owner and Managing Director at Domaine Gayda, a family-owned winery whose organic vineyards are in the heart of the Languedoc in the foothills of the Pyrenees about 25 km southwest of Carcassonne.  Tim and co-owner Anthony Record joined forces with winemaker Vincent Chansault in 2004 to focus on sustainably-produced wines with modern appeal.Our next guests are dynamic couple Laurent and Catherine Delaunay, who founded Les Jamelles and co-founded Abbots & Delaunay (in Marseillette, near Carcassonne) making a range of wildly successful wines with a particular focus on varietally bottlings. Originally from Burgundy, where they still have a foothold and produce pinot noir and chardonnay, the couple fell in love with the Languedoc and its myriad creative possibilities. They are producers, négociants and some of the busiest people the Thieves have met in the world of wine.Our third guest is Magali Dardé, third generation in charge of Domaine Les Yeuses, and her agent Olivier. The winery in Mèze on the Etang de Thau – a brackish inland body of water - was built in the 13th century by the Knights Templars atop an ancient Roman villa. The estate has been in the Dardé family for over 30 years with the family sharing in the day to day responsibilities. Single variety wines are a focus, sourced from the estate's 80 hectares of vines with a view of the sea.Join us for this vibrant episode with some of the stars of Southern France.This episode was produced in partnership with Pays d'Oc IGP. 

Host Sue Learner talks to Camille Leavold, managing director of Abbots Care, a home care provider in the south east of England, about how they have been coping during the pandemic, what she thinks of mandatory vaccination for home care workers and her solution for the recruitment crisis.

Make sure not to make a sound while running quietly to a new safe haven. The hosts continue with their 3rd annual Halloween Spooktacular season with 2021's first in-theater release. A Quiet Place Part II, the post-apocalyptic, sci-fi horror sequel written and directed by John Krasinski, stars Emily Blunt and Cillian Murphy. The hosts pair the film with the “The Warning Light” cocktail. Continue following the Abbots as they soundlessly navigate with the hosts and try to survive the terrors of the outside world away from their home. Come listen and follow us on Instagram @the.gentlemenpodcast and our website thegentlemenpodcast.com

Wow

We watched A Quiet Place Part II on July 30, 2021. Does it hold up as a sequel? Do the remaining Abbots survive? Does the alien get an earful? Listen and find out! Leave a comment! Or, send us suggestions (that are appropriate for a 12-year old) at wereact677@gmail.com. Join our Facebook group! We React Podcast Tweet us @wereactpodcast We now have an Instagram! @wereactpodcast Join our discord and get access to our bonus Hamilton episode! https://discord.gg/3Rh3vuQ

A Quiet Place 2 was recently released in theatres and HBO Max after a whole year of delay due to the pandemic. It revolves around the Abbots trying to survive some alien creatures who operate only on sound! It is a sequel of an Oscar-nominated so the bar was set quite high for it but could it pass it or even come close? Tune in to find out the answer to this question and more importantly if it is worth your time?! --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/shahana-shahnain/message

Hello and thank you for downloading this special third year anniversary episode of The Flixters Podcast! Two big releases this week folks. There's the sequel to 2018's smash hit movie A Quiet Place. The next installment sees the Abbots moving on from the cliffhanger of the first part to some kind of normalcy. This new installment has been billed a classic but the question remains, what do we think about it? Check out the show for more info. Then we've got the next installment in the Conjuring universe. The Conjuring 3: The Devil Made Me Do It sees paranormal investigators The Warrens deal with an apparent homicide. But are there evil forces at play? Download the show to find out! On Anniversary corner we take a look back at The Omen from 2006. And if that wasn't enough for you we've even thrown in new trailers to watch and what you can catch on streaming. And don't forget to listen to the show for a very special Flixters prize for one lucky subscriber :) Thank you for supporting us and we hope you enjoy the show! Intro - 00:00 Shoutouts - 1:48 Movie News - 4:25 Boxset Watchlist - 19:27 New on Streaming/Trailers - 22:26 Anniversary Corner - 34:06 A Quiet Place 2 review - 36:28 The Conjuring 3 review - 42:47 Outro - 48:24

The Monks of Downside Abbey sing the plainchant Mass for the Memoria of the Holy Abbots of Cluny (SS. Odo, Maieul, Odilo, Hugh and Bl. Peter the Venerable). Recorded live at Downside Abbey on 11 May 2021

Full Text of ReadingsFriday of the Third Week in Ordinary Time Lectionary: 321All podcast readings are produced by the USCCB and are from the Catholic Lectionary, based on the New American Bible and approved for use in the United States _______________________________________The Saint of the day is St. Gildas the WiseSt. Gildaswas probably born around 517 in the North of England or Wales. His father's name was Cau (or Nau) and, came from noble lineage, and he most likely had several brothers and sisters. There is writing which suggeststhat one of his brothers, Cuil (or Hueil), was killed by King Arthur (who died in 537 AD), and it also appears thatGildas may have forgiven Arthur for this.There are two accounts of the life of St. Gildas the Wise, neither of which tell the same story.He lived in a time when the glory of Romehad faded from Britain. The permanent legions had been withdrawn by Maximus, who used them to sack Rome and make himself Emperor.Gildaswas noted in particular for his pietyandgood education, and was not afraidto publicly rebuke contemporary monarchs at a time when libel was answered by a sword rather than a Court order.Gildas lived for many years as a very ascetic hermit on Flatholm Island in the Bristol Channel. There he established his reputation for that peculiar Celtic sort of holiness that consists of extreme self-denial and isolation. At around this time, according to the Welsh, he also preached to Nemata, the mother of St David, while she was pregnant with the Saint.In about 547 he wrote a book De Excidio Britanniae (The Destruction of Britain). In this he writes a brief tale of the island from pre-Roman times and criticizes the rulers of the island for their lax morals and blames their sins (and those that follow them) for the destruction of civilization in Britain. The book was avowedly written as a moral tale.He also wrote a longer work, the Epistle, whichis a series of sermons on the moral laxity of rulers and of the clergy. In these Gildas shows that hewas well readinthe Bible and some other classic works.He was also a very influential preacher. Because of his visits to Ireland and thegreat missionary work he did there, he was responsible for the conversion ofmany on the island, and may be the one who introduced anchorite customs to the monks of that land.From there he retired from Llancarfan to Rhuys, in Brittany, where he founded a monastery. Of his works on the running of a monastery (one of the earliest known in the Christian Church), only the so-called Penitential, a guide for Abbots in setting punishment, survives.He died around 571, at Rhuys.He is regarded as being one of the most influential figures of the early English Church. The influence of his writing was felt until well into the middle ages, particularly in the Celtic Church. He is also important to us today as the first British writer whose works have survived fairly intact. Saint of the Day Copyright CNA, Catholic News Agency

Join us for another Kensington Podcast as Selma catches up with Father Jonathan of St. Mary Abbots Church, High Street Kensington Father Jonathan shares his insight into the people and culture of W8 and how they will hold a place in his heart as he moves on to pastures new. We hope and pray that we will be able to come together to celebrate and worship once this pandemic finally passes. Thank you for listening. Stay safe. www.visitkensington.co.uk #welovew8 You will too! #Kensington #WeLoveW8 #StMaryAbbots #HighStreetKensington #LoveKensington #LoveW8

The Monks of Downside Abbey sing the plainchant Mass for the Memoria of SS Robert, Alberic and Stephen, the holy Abbots of Cluny. Recorded live at Downside Abbey on 26 January 2021.

An abbot is the title given to the superior of a community of twelve or more monks. Abbots are in charge of a monastery and control the monastery's possessions, discipline of the monks, and gives blessings. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/shalonecason1/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/shalonecason1/support

Prophetess of Germany - Visionary - Mystic - Doctor of the Church We travel to Bingen, Germany and the area of the Rhine River which is where St. Hildegard lived and had her visions. It was also here where she wrote her books on her visions and many other things, like a Morality Play, put to music, which she also wrote. She wrote a book on herbal medicine which is used to this day in that area of Germany. She made speaking tours throughout Germany. She wrote letters to Abbots, Kings, Emperors and Popes, in addition to many ordinary people. Come to her firs Abbey, Disibodenberg, about 30 kilometers from Bingen, where she was placed at 8 years old and spent over half her life. She wrote her first book there. She is an outstanding woman of our Church. She is a role model for all, but especially women. Documentary filmed in Germany.More about Saint HildegardSupport the show (https://bobandpennylord.store/pages/we-need-your-help)

Episode #21 Meet Jonny Pisanelli - Owner of Adelaides best bakery...Abbots and Kinney. After studying for 6 months at a Pastry school 20 year old Jonny felt he was limited in Adelaide, so decided to fly to Italy to work in the best bakeries. For free! He returned to Adelaide and started selling his bread and pastries out of his van on the side of the road, he knew he had something special so started selling at the farmers makers every weekend. He would sell out within a few hours! Jonny then opened his first Abbots and Kinney store in June 2015 in the CBD of Adelaide, where he baked every morning from the small on-site kitchen, it didn't take long for him to outgrow that space. He now has 4 stores and another opening this week. They have also been named in the Qantas Travel Insider as one of the top 23 bakeries in the world. I was lucky enough to visit Jonny in Adelaide just before their second lockdown. Once I reached out to him, he was more then happy to share his knowledge and spent several hours answering all the annoying questions that I like to ask. Thanks Jonny! We recorded this podcast through zoom. Although Quality is quite good but there is a few minutes where there is a bit of delay.

 It's big one! Summer ditches Kyle, Sharon gets good news, the Abbots say goodbye to Dina, and everyone is wearing leather.The Young and the Restless: Episode 101

Our thoughts on Summer Sneaking around town after dumping Kyle. Theo feelings on the treatment by the Abbots after Dina death, Adam disowns the family, Thomas and creepy Hope mannequin, and Zoe, Zende, and Carter, Eric and Shauna. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

What exactly is ascension, anyway? In this interview with Dale Stacy, we unpack the concepts of ascension and modern shamanism. "We are in the ascension process every time we feel love or do something for the greater good. Ascension can happen right here, right now. Once you learn how to identify your aha-moments, you can choose to infuse your life with love. Notice how things become clearer and life gets more peaceful."-Dale Stacy Dale's latest book helps to demystify the ascension process and modern shamanic concepts. A.L.O.H.A.-Ideals of Ascension Shamanism highlights guiding perspectives for the modern Shaman who has prepared to transcend the 3D earth experience. https://www.amazon.com/L-H-Ideals-Ascension-Shamanism/dp/B08CM6FK61 "It is a revelation to realize our experiences are brought to life by our thoughts and molded by our words, feelings and actions. The Infinite Choreography is fine-tuned to everyone's magnetizing vibration to attract learning experiences individually and collectively. Every choice point thrusts us into a new dimension. With this cosmic understanding of the power we wield, we are responsible for our destiny, our happiness and the decisions act affect families, friends, world and ourselves. Shamanic focus and love can create anything."-A.L.O.H.A. Ideals of Ascension Shamanism Dale & Jeanne are the Abbots and Interfaith Ministers of Earthstar Spiritual Center in Greensboro, NC. They are teachers of mind/body/spirit classes in business, energy work, life coaching, meditation, Qi gong, tai chi and shamanism. Are you ready to be the shaman of your life? The world needs more empowered super heroes. Dale's work in ascension shamanism helps each of us access our unique healing gifts and abilities. The book provides action steps that help each one of us identity our super powers. To learn more about Dale and Jeanne Stacy, connect with them on their Facebook page https://www.facebook.com/groups/SimplyShamanGoddess/ Shamanic Support for Your Life Are you ready to be the modern shaman of your own life? We don't have to die to create heaven on earth. I have an online shamanic retreat and training program for you. My online course, Expanding Sacred is designed to take you deep into your own process of healing, self-realization and empowerment. Register for my shamanic course and coaching program here.

Abbots $5 covid test gets approved Want to learn the 4 super simple steps to making money online using just your phone and computer? Then check this out and learn: http://bit.ly/4StepsToMakeMoneyOnline How to create a profitable course and make money online in any niche: http://bit.ly/COURSEACADEMY Want to become a master of your money? Check this out: Website: http://4dmbox.com Want To Directly Support The Podcast? Check this out: https://anchor.fm/4dmbox/support SUBSCRIBE ► https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0n7VW-Nfwb8tJkMePslIuA?sub_confirmation=1  Make Money Tools: Create A Sales Funnel [clickfunnels 14 day free trial] ► http://bit.ly/2Q9Vi1f Coinbase [Invest In Crypto] ► http://bit.ly/4dcrypto Robinhood [Get up to a free $500 stock by joining] ► http://bit.ly/Freestocks4dmbox Acorns [Automate your investing by rounding up your loose change and putting them into index funds] ► http://bit.ly/Passiveinvesting Listen to it everywhere 4dmbox PODCAST [Money and Business News] APPLE https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/4dmbox/id1373830164 SPOTIFY https://open.spotify.com/show/0R0htid4uuu1BjsmkH7xbv GOOGLE https://www.google.com/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy8zNjhlNmU0L3BvZGNhc3QvcnNz Directly Support The Podcast https://anchor.fm/4dmbox/support Want to become a master of your money? Check this out: Website: http://4dmbox.com THE TOPICS WE WILL BE COVERING Abbott's Fast, $5, 15-Minute, Easy-to-Use COVID-19 Antigen Test Receives FDA Emergency Use Authorization; Mobile App Displays Test Results to Help Our Return to Daily Life; Ramping Production to 50 Million Tests a Month - Abbott's BinaxNOW™ COVID-19 Ag Card is a rapid, reliable, highly portable, and affordable tool for detecting active coronavirus infections at massive scale - Test delivers results in just 15 minutes with no instrumentation, using proven lateral flow technology with demonstrated sensitivity of 97.1% and specificity of 98.5% in clinical study - Abbott to offer a no-charge complementary phone app, which allows people to display their BinaxNOW test results when asked by organizations where people gather, such as workplaces and schools - Company will ship tens of millions of tests in September, ramping to 50 million tests a month at the beginning of October #abbots #covid #stockmarket Source: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/abbotts-fast-5-15-minute-easy-to-use-covid-19-antigen-test-receives-fda-emergency-use-authorization-mobile-app-displays-test-results-to-help-our-return-to-daily-life-ramping-production-to-50-million-tests-a-month-301119289.html Send us money articles and business news here Or submit your personal finance questions and we will answer them on 4dmbox.com YouTube and podcast INSTAGRAM: @4dmbox [Send us money articles & questions you want us to cover or you find interesting] http://bit.ly/2vnbZOt About 4dmbox: 4dmbox is a personal finance youtube and podcast radio channel that makes videos out of make money, make money online, money content, make money lessons and business and finance lessons. Reddit business news, news, business news, money news and other money content. DESCRIPTION: abbot $5 test gets approved Keywords: abbot, abbot covid, abbot $5 covid test, abbot test, abbot stock, about news, stock market news, covid, tags stocks,investing,entrepreneur,business,make money,personal finance, business education, financial education, how to make money, money, make money online, credit cards, loans, business, 4dmbox, 4dmbox.com, business news, money news, --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/4dmbox/support

The Monks of Downside Abbey sing the plainchant Mass for the Memoria of the Holy Abbots of Cluny. Recorded live at Downside Abbey on 11 May 2020.

Season 3 Episode 9: Chamber of the Scorpion Season 3 Episode 10: Raven's Feather, Phoenix Blood We're chatting about episodes 9 and 10 of Into the Badlands. In the return of Into the Badlands, we see the aftermath of the war and Pilgrim receiving the gift. Minerva is with the Master and the Abbots. Baron Chau is probably alive and hiding. Lydia is injured but healing after taking one for the team. Pilgrim is mad with power. Sunny must figure out how to deal with the chaos he thinks he’s brought onto the badlands.

Homily Third Sunday in Ordinary Time. Year C - Sunday, 27 January 2019 First Reading: Nehemiah 8:2-6. 8-10 Psalm: Ps 18:8-10. 15. “Your Words Lord are Spirit and life” Second Reading: 1 Corinthians 12:12-30 Gospel Acclamation: cf Luke 4:18 Gospel: Luke 1:1-4; 4:14-21 REFERENCES: FR. PAUL W. KELLY THE DAILY STUDY BIBLE. GOSPEL OF LUKE. (REVISED EDITION). BY WILLIAM BARCLAY. SUNDAYS AND HOLY DAY LITURGIES. YEAR C. FLOR MCCARTHY S.D.B. Abbots homily. Monastery of Christ in the desert. +++++ References: Fr Paul W. Kelly +++ Archive of homilies and reflections: http://homilycatholic.blogspot.com.au To contact Fr. Paul, please email: paulwkelly68@gmail.com To listen to my weekly homily audio podcast, please click this link here. NB - It is often a week or so Ahead: https://soundcloud.com/user-633212303/tracks You are welcome to subscribe to Fr Paul’s homily mail-out by sending an email to this address: paulkellyreflections+subscribe@googlegroups.com Further information relating to the audio productions linked to this Blog: “Faith, Hope and Love, A time of Christian worship and reflection” - Led by Rev Paul W. Kelly Texts used in this programme are for the purposes of worship and prayer for listeners wherever you are. Prayers and chants are taken from the English Translation of the Roman Missal, edition three, © 2010, The International commission on English in the liturgy. Scriptures are from the New Revised Standard Version: © 1989, by the national council of Churches of Christ, USA. , //adaptations to conform with Catholic liturgical norms, © 2009, by the same. [{selected psalms } - ***Psalm verses are (also) taken from “The Psalms: A New Translation” ©1963, The Grail (England), published by Collins.. **] Prayers of the Faithful are adapted from Robert Borg’s 1993 book “ Together we pray”. Published in Sydney Australia By E.J. Dwyer. (out of print). { “Mass In Honour of St. Ralph Sherwin” -published 2011, Composed and Sung by Jeffrey M. Ostrowski Featuring the….Gloria, The Creed, The Kyrie, The Mass parts, Psalms: http://www.ccwatershed.org/chabanel/ ]]] ] COPYRIGHT @ 2018 CORPUS CHRISTI WATERSHED. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. www.ccwatershed.org/vatican/Ralph_Sherwin_Videos/ “Faith, Hope and Love” theme Hymn: Words, based on 1 Corinthians 13:1-13, set to original music © 1996 by Paul W. Kelly. For more details please visit http://homilycatholic.blogspot.com.au/ Contact us at paulwkelly68@gmail.com Production by Kelly Enterprises Resources. May God bless and keep you.

Bedding down after the near disasterous encounter in the Abbots house, the party lays down to rest.  Finally it's quiet... Too quiet... Let us know what you think!  Rate us on iTunes, email us at RelicofthePastPodcast@gmail.com, follow us @RelicofthePast on Twitter and @RelicofthePastPodcast on Facebook.  Articles and artwork are available at http://poolemedia.podbean.com/

Un-mixing Tessa’s signals; Victor and Nick call a truce… for now.; Victoria clashes and crashes; Love, lies, and footsie; Juliet moves in with Cane; Should Y&R keep Jordan or dump him?; Stuck in a sex ring; The Abbots vs. Graham; and Wooing Victor. PLUS: The Weekly Y&R Chat Poll, “Who Said It” Game, and Opening […]

Un-mixing Tessa’s signals; Victor and Nick call a truce… for now.; Victoria clashes and crashes; Love, lies, and footsie; Juliet moves in with Cane; Should Y&R keep Jordan or dump him?; Stuck in a sex ring; The Abbots vs. Graham; and Wooing Victor. PLUS: The Weekly Y&R Chat Poll, “Who Said It” Game, and Opening […]

We remain at Battle Abbey for one more episode, this time learning how the people of the abbey offended God and looking at the death scenes of Abbot Walter de Lucy and Abbot Ralph.

ADVENTURE  II.  THE RED-HEADED LEAGUEI had called upon my friend, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, one day in the autumn of last year and found him in deep conversation with a very stout, florid-faced, elderly gentleman with fiery red hair. With an apology for my intrusion, I was about to withdraw when Holmes pulled me abruptly into the room and closed the door behind me. “You could not possibly have come at a better time, my dear Watson,” he said cordially. “I was afraid that you were engaged.” “So I am. Very much so.” “Then I can wait in the next room.” “Not at all. This gentleman, Mr. Wilson, has been my partner and helper in many of my most successful cases, and I have no doubt that he will be of the utmost use to me in yours also.” The stout gentleman half rose from his chair and gave a bob of greeting, with a quick little questioning glance from his small fat-encircled eyes. “Try the settee,” said Holmes, relapsing into his armchair and putting his fingertips together, as was his custom when in judicial moods. “I know, my dear Watson, that you share my love of all that is bizarre and outside the conventions and humdrum routine of everyday life. You have shown your relish for it by the enthusiasm which has prompted you to chronicle, and, if you will excuse my saying so, somewhat to embellish so many of my own little adventures.” “Your cases have indeed been of the greatest interest to me,” I observed. “You will remember that I remarked the other day, just before we went into the very simple problem presented by Miss Mary Sutherland, that for strange effects and extraordinary combinations we must go to life itself, which is always far more daring than any effort of the imagination.” “A proposition which I took the liberty of doubting.” “You did, Doctor, but none the less you must come round to my view, for otherwise I shall keep on piling fact upon fact on you until your reason breaks down under them and acknowledges me to be right. Now, Mr. Jabez Wilson here has been good enough to call upon me this morning, and to begin a narrative which promises to be one of the most singular which I have listened to for some time. You have heard me remark that the strangest and most unique things are very often connected not with the larger but with the smaller crimes, and occasionally, indeed, where there is room for doubt whether any positive crime has been committed. As far as I have heard, it is impossible for me to say whether the present case is an instance of crime or not, but the course of events is certainly among the most singular that I have ever listened to. Perhaps, Mr. Wilson, you would have the great kindness to recommence your narrative. I ask you not merely because my friend Dr. Watson has not heard the opening part but also because the peculiar nature of the story makes me anxious to have every possible detail from your lips. As a rule, when I have heard some slight indication of the course of events, I am able to guide myself by the thousands of other similar cases which occur to my memory. In the present instance I am forced to admit that the facts are, to the best of my belief, unique.” The portly client puffed out his chest with an appearance of some little pride and pulled a dirty and wrinkled newspaper from the inside pocket of his greatcoat. As he glanced down the advertisement column, with his head thrust forward and the paper flattened out upon his knee, I took a good look at the man and endeavoured, after the fashion of my companion, to read the indications which might be presented by his dress or appearance. I did not gain very much, however, by my inspection. Our visitor bore every mark of being an average commonplace British tradesman, obese, pompous, and slow. He wore rather baggy grey shepherd's check trousers, a not over-clean black frock-coat, unbuttoned in the front, and a drab waistcoat with a heavy brassy Albert chain, and a square pierced bit of metal dangling down as an ornament. A frayed top-hat and a faded brown overcoat with a wrinkled velvet collar lay upon a chair beside him. Altogether, look as I would, there was nothing remarkable about the man save his blazing red head, and the expression of extreme chagrin and discontent upon his features. Sherlock Holmes' quick eye took in my occupation, and he shook his head with a smile as he noticed my questioning glances. “Beyond the obvious facts that he has at some time done manual labour, that he takes snuff, that he is a Freemason, that he has been in China, and that he has done a considerable amount of writing lately, I can deduce nothing else.” Mr. Jabez Wilson started up in his chair, with his forefinger upon the paper, but his eyes upon my companion. “How, in the name of good-fortune, did you know all that, Mr. Holmes?” he asked. “How did you know, for example, that I did manual labour. It's as true as gospel, for I began as a ship's carpenter.” “Your hands, my dear sir. Your right hand is quite a size larger than your left. You have worked with it, and the muscles are more developed.” “Well, the snuff, then, and the Freemasonry?” “I won't insult your intelligence by telling you how I read that, especially as, rather against the strict rules of your order, you use an arc-and-compass breastpin.” “Ah, of course, I forgot that. But the writing?” “What else can be indicated by that right cuff so very shiny for five inches, and the left one with the smooth patch near the elbow where you rest it upon the desk?” “Well, but China?” “The fish that you have tattooed immediately above your right wrist could only have been done in China. I have made a small study of tattoo marks and have even contributed to the literature of the subject. That trick of staining the fishes' scales of a delicate pink is quite peculiar to China. When, in addition, I see a Chinese coin hanging from your watch-chain, the matter becomes even more simple.” Mr. Jabez Wilson laughed heavily. “Well, I never!” said he. “I thought at first that you had done something clever, but I see that there was nothing in it after all.” “I begin to think, Watson,” said Holmes, “that I make a mistake in explaining. ‘Omne ignotum pro magnifico,' you know, and my poor little reputation, such as it is, will suffer shipwreck if I am so candid. Can you not find the advertisement, Mr. Wilson?” “Yes, I have got it now,” he answered with his thick red finger planted halfway down the column. “Here it is. This is what began it all. You just read it for yourself, sir.” I took the paper from him and read as follows: “TO THE RED-HEADED LEAGUE: On account of the bequest of the late Ezekiah Hopkins, of Lebanon, Pennsylvania, U. S. A., there is now another vacancy open which entitles a member of the League to a salary of �4 a week for purely nominal services. All red-headed men who are sound in body and mind and above the age of twenty-one years, are eligible. Apply in person on Monday, at eleven o'clock, to Duncan Ross, at the offices of the League, 7 Pope's Court, Fleet Street.” “What on earth does this mean?” I ejaculated after I had twice read over the extraordinary announcement. Holmes chuckled and wriggled in his chair, as was his habit when in high spirits. “It is a little off the beaten track, isn't it?” said he. “And now, Mr. Wilson, off you go at scratch and tell us all about yourself, your household, and the effect which this advertisement had upon your fortunes. You will first make a note, Doctor, of the paper and the date.” “It is The Morning Chronicle of April 27, 1890. Just two months ago.” “Very good. Now, Mr. Wilson?” “Well, it is just as I have been telling you, Mr. Sherlock Holmes,” said Jabez Wilson, mopping his forehead; “I have a small pawnbroker's business at Coburg Square, near the City. It's not a very large affair, and of late years it has not done more than just give me a living. I used to be able to keep two assistants, but now I only keep one; and I would have a job to pay him but that he is willing to come for half wages so as to learn the business.” “What is the name of this obliging youth?” asked Sherlock Holmes. “His name is Vincent Spaulding, and he's not such a youth, either. It's hard to say his age. I should not wish a smarter assistant, Mr. Holmes; and I know very well that he could better himself and earn twice what I am able to give him. But, after all, if he is satisfied, why should I put ideas in his head?” “Why, indeed? You seem most fortunate in having an employ� who comes under the full market price. It is not a common experience among employers in this age. I don't know that your assistant is not as remarkable as your advertisement.” “Oh, he has his faults, too,” said Mr. Wilson. “Never was such a fellow for photography. Snapping away with a camera when he ought to be improving his mind, and then diving down into the cellar like a rabbit into its hole to develop his pictures. That is his main fault, but on the whole he's a good worker. There's no vice in him.” “He is still with you, I presume?” “Yes, sir. He and a girl of fourteen, who does a bit of simple cooking and keeps the place clean—that's all I have in the house, for I am a widower and never had any family. We live very quietly, sir, the three of us; and we keep a roof over our heads and pay our debts, if we do nothing more. “The first thing that put us out was that advertisement. Spaulding, he came down into the office just this day eight weeks, with this very paper in his hand, and he says: “ ‘I wish to the Lord, Mr. Wilson, that I was a red-headed man.' “ ‘Why that?' I asks. “ ‘Why,' says he, ‘here's another vacancy on the League of the Red-headed Men. It's worth quite a little fortune to any man who gets it, and I understand that there are more vacancies than there are men, so that the trustees are at their wits' end what to do with the money. If my hair would only change colour, here's a nice little crib all ready for me to step into.' “ ‘Why, what is it, then?' I asked. You see, Mr. Holmes, I am a very stay-at-home man, and as my business came to me instead of my having to go to it, I was often weeks on end without putting my foot over the door-mat. In that way I didn't know much of what was going on outside, and I was always glad of a bit of news. “ ‘Have you never heard of the League of the Red-headed Men?' he asked with his eyes open. “ ‘Never.' “ ‘Why, I wonder at that, for you are eligible yourself for one of the vacancies.' “ ‘And what are they worth?' I asked. “ ‘Oh, merely a couple of hundred a year, but the work is slight, and it need not interfere very much with one's other occupations.' “Well, you can easily think that that made me prick up my ears, for the business has not been over good for some years, and an extra couple of hundred would have been very handy. “ ‘Tell me all about it,' said I. “ ‘Well,' said he, showing me the advertisement, ‘you can see for yourself that the League has a vacancy, and there is the address where you should apply for particulars. As far as I can make out, the League was founded by an American millionaire, Ezekiah Hopkins, who was very peculiar in his ways. He was himself red-headed, and he had a great sympathy for all red-headed men; so, when he died, it was found that he had left his enormous fortune in the hands of trustees, with instructions to apply the interest to the providing of easy berths to men whose hair is of that colour. From all I hear it is splendid pay and very little to do.' “ ‘But,' said I, ‘there would be millions of red-headed men who would apply.' “ ‘Not so many as you might think,' he answered. ‘You see it is really confined to Londoners, and to grown men. This American had started from London when he was young, and he wanted to do the old town a good turn. Then, again, I have heard it is no use your applying if your hair is light red, or dark red, or anything but real bright, blazing, fiery red. Now, if you cared to apply, Mr. Wilson, you would just walk in; but perhaps it would hardly be worth your while to put yourself out of the way for the sake of a few hundred pounds.' “Now, it is a fact, gentlemen, as you may see for yourselves, that my hair is of a very full and rich tint, so that it seemed to me that if there was to be any competition in the matter I stood as good a chance as any man that I had ever met. Vincent Spaulding seemed to know so much about it that I thought he might prove useful, so I just ordered him to put up the shutters for the day and to come right away with me. He was very willing to have a holiday, so we shut the business up and started off for the address that was given us in the advertisement. “I never hope to see such a sight as that again, Mr. Holmes. From north, south, east, and west every man who had a shade of red in his hair had tramped into the city to answer the advertisement. Fleet Street was choked with red-headed folk, and Pope's Court looked like a coster's orange barrow. I should not have thought there were so many in the whole country as were brought together by that single advertisement. Every shade of colour they were—straw, lemon, orange, brick, Irish-setter, liver, clay; but, as Spaulding said, there were not many who had the real vivid flame-coloured tint. When I saw how many were waiting, I would have given it up in despair; but Spaulding would not hear of it. How he did it I could not imagine, but he pushed and pulled and butted until he got me through the crowd, and right up to the steps which led to the office. There was a double stream upon the stair, some going up in hope, and some coming back dejected; but we wedged in as well as we could and soon found ourselves in the office.” “Your experience has been a most entertaining one,” remarked Holmes as his client paused and refreshed his memory with a huge pinch of snuff. “Pray continue your very interesting statement.” “There was nothing in the office but a couple of wooden chairs and a deal table, behind which sat a small man with a head that was even redder than mine. He said a few words to each candidate as he came up, and then he always managed to find some fault in them which would disqualify them. Getting a vacancy did not seem to be such a very easy matter, after all. However, when our turn came the little man was much more favourable to me than to any of the others, and he closed the door as we entered, so that he might have a private word with us. “ ‘This is Mr. Jabez Wilson,' said my assistant, ‘and he is willing to fill a vacancy in the League.' “ ‘And he is admirably suited for it,' the other answered. ‘He has every requirement. I cannot recall when I have seen anything so fine.' He took a step backward, cocked his head on one side, and gazed at my hair until I felt quite bashful. Then suddenly he plunged forward, wrung my hand, and congratulated me warmly on my success. “ ‘It would be injustice to hesitate,' said he. ‘You will, however, I am sure, excuse me for taking an obvious precaution.' With that he seized my hair in both his hands, and tugged until I yelled with the pain. ‘There is water in your eyes,' said he as he released me. ‘I perceive that all is as it should be. But we have to be careful, for we have twice been deceived by wigs and once by paint. I could tell you tales of cobbler's wax which would disgust you with human nature.' He stepped over to the window and shouted through it at the top of his voice that the vacancy was filled. A groan of disappointment came up from below, and the folk all trooped away in different directions until there was not a red-head to be seen except my own and that of the manager. “ ‘My name,' said he, ‘is Mr. Duncan Ross, and I am myself one of the pensioners upon the fund left by our noble benefactor. Are you a married man, Mr. Wilson? Have you a family?' “I answered that I had not. “His face fell immediately. “ ‘Dear me!' he said gravely, ‘that is very serious indeed! I am sorry to hear you say that. The fund was, of course, for the propagation and spread of the red-heads as well as for their maintenance. It is exceedingly unfortunate that you should be a bachelor.' “My face lengthened at this, Mr. Holmes, for I thought that I was not to have the vacancy after all; but after thinking it over for a few minutes he said that it would be all right. “ ‘In the case of another,' said he, ‘the objection might be fatal, but we must stretch a point in favour of a man with such a head of hair as yours. When shall you be able to enter upon your new duties?' “ ‘Well, it is a little awkward, for I have a business already,' said I. “ ‘Oh, never mind about that, Mr. Wilson!' said Vincent Spaulding. ‘I should be able to look after that for you.' “ ‘What would be the hours?' I asked. “ ‘Ten to two.' “Now a pawnbroker's business is mostly done of an evening, Mr. Holmes, especially Thursday and Friday evening, which is just before pay-day; so it would suit me very well to earn a little in the mornings. Besides, I knew that my assistant was a good man, and that he would see to anything that turned up. “ ‘That would suit me very well,' said I. ‘And the pay?' “ ‘Is �4 a week.' “ ‘And the work?' “ ‘Is purely nominal.' “ ‘What do you call purely nominal?' “ ‘Well, you have to be in the office, or at least in the building, the whole time. If you leave, you forfeit your whole position forever. The will is very clear upon that point. You don't comply with the conditions if you budge from the office during that time.' “ ‘It's only four hours a day, and I should not think of leaving,' said I. “ ‘No excuse will avail,' said Mr. Duncan Ross; ‘neither sickness nor business nor anything else. There you must stay, or you lose your billet.' “ ‘And the work?' “ ‘Is to copy out the Encyclopaedia Britannica. There is the first volume of it in that press. You must find your own ink, pens, and blotting-paper, but we provide this table and chair. Will you be ready to-morrow?' “ ‘Certainly,' I answered. “ ‘Then, good-bye, Mr. Jabez Wilson, and let me congratulate you once more on the important position which you have been fortunate enough to gain.' He bowed me out of the room and I went home with my assistant, hardly knowing what to say or do, I was so pleased at my own good fortune. “Well, I thought over the matter all day, and by evening I was in low spirits again; for I had quite persuaded myself that the whole affair must be some great hoax or fraud, though what its object might be I could not imagine. It seemed altogether past belief that anyone could make such a will, or that they would pay such a sum for doing anything so simple as copying out the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Vincent Spaulding did what he could to cheer me up, but by bedtime I had reasoned myself out of the whole thing. However, in the morning I determined to have a look at it anyhow, so I bought a penny bottle of ink, and with a quill-pen, and seven sheets of foolscap paper, I started off for Pope's Court. “Well, to my surprise and delight, everything was as right as possible. The table was set out ready for me, and Mr. Duncan Ross was there to see that I got fairly to work. He started me off upon the letter A, and then he left me; but he would drop in from time to time to see that all was right with me. At two o'clock he bade me good-day, complimented me upon the amount that I had written, and locked the door of the office after me. “This went on day after day, Mr. Holmes, and on Saturday the manager came in and planked down four golden sovereigns for my week's work. It was the same next week, and the same the week after. Every morning I was there at ten, and every afternoon I left at two. By degrees Mr. Duncan Ross took to coming in only once of a morning, and then, after a time, he did not come in at all. Still, of course, I never dared to leave the room for an instant, for I was not sure when he might come, and the billet was such a good one, and suited me so well, that I would not risk the loss of it. “Eight weeks passed away like this, and I had written about Abbots and Archery and Armour and Architecture and Attica, and hoped with diligence that I might get on to the B's before very long. It cost me something in foolscap, and I had pretty nearly filled a shelf with my writings. And then suddenly the whole business came to an end.” “To an end?” “Yes, sir. And no later than this morning. I went to my work as usual at ten o'clock, but the door was shut and locked, with a little square of cardboard hammered on to the middle of the panel with a tack. Here it is, and you can read for yourself.” He held up a piece of white cardboard about the size of a sheet of note-paper. It read in this fashion: THE RED-HEADED LEAGUE IS DISSOLVED. October 9, 1890.Sherlock Holmes and I surveyed this curt announcement and the rueful face behind it, until the comical side of the affair so completely overtopped every other consideration that we both burst out into a roar of laughter. “I cannot see that there is anything very funny,” cried our client, flushing up to the roots of his flaming head. “If you can do nothing better than laugh at me, I can go elsewhere.” “No, no,” cried Holmes, shoving him back into the chair from which he had half risen. “I really wouldn't miss your case for the world. It is most refreshingly unusual. But there is, if you will excuse my saying so, something just a little funny about it. Pray what steps did you take when you found the card upon the door?” “I was staggered, sir. I did not know what to do. Then I called at the offices round, but none of them seemed to know anything about it. Finally, I went to the landlord, who is an accountant living on the ground floor, and I asked him if he could tell me what had become of the Red-headed League. He said that he had never heard of any such body. Then I asked him who Mr. Duncan Ross was. He answered that the name was new to him. “ ‘Well,' said I, ‘the gentleman at No. 4.' “ ‘What, the red-headed man?' “ ‘Yes.' “ ‘Oh,' said he, ‘his name was William Morris. He was a solicitor and was using my room as a temporary convenience until his new premises were ready. He moved out yesterday.' “ ‘Where could I find him?' “ ‘Oh, at his new offices. He did tell me the address. Yes, 17 King Edward Street, near St. Paul's.' “I started off, Mr. Holmes, but when I got to that address it was a manufactory of artificial knee-caps, and no one in it had ever heard of either Mr. William Morris or Mr. Duncan Ross.” “And what did you do then?” asked Holmes. “I went home to Saxe-Coburg Square, and I took the advice of my assistant. But he could not help me in any way. He could only say that if I waited I should hear by post. But that was not quite good enough, Mr. Holmes. I did not wish to lose such a place without a struggle, so, as I had heard that you were good enough to give advice to poor folk who were in need of it, I came right away to you.” “And you did very wisely,” said Holmes. “Your case is an exceedingly remarkable one, and I shall be happy to look into it. From what you have told me I think that it is possible that graver issues hang from it than might at first sight appear.” “Grave enough!” said Mr. Jabez Wilson. “Why, I have lost four pound a week.” “As far as you are personally concerned,” remarked Holmes, “I do not see that you have any grievance against this extraordinary league. On the contrary, you are, as I understand, richer by some �30, to say nothing of the minute knowledge which you have gained on every subject which comes under the letter A. You have lost nothing by them.” “No, sir. But I want to find out about them, and who they are, and what their object was in playing this prank—if it was a prank—upon me. It was a pretty expensive joke for them, for it cost them two and thirty pounds.” “We shall endeavour to clear up these points for you. And, first, one or two questions, Mr. Wilson. This assistant of yours who first called your attention to the advertisement—how long had he been with you?” “About a month then.” “How did he come?” “In answer to an advertisement.” “Was he the only applicant?” “No, I had a dozen.” “Why did you pick him?” “Because he was handy and would come cheap.” “At half wages, in fact.” “Yes.” “What is he like, this Vincent Spaulding?” “Small, stout-built, very quick in his ways, no hair on his face, though he's not short of thirty. Has a white splash of acid upon his forehead.” Holmes sat up in his chair in considerable excitement. “I thought as much,” said he. “Have you ever observed that his ears are pierced for earrings?” “Yes, sir. He told me that a gipsy had done it for him when he was a lad.” “Hum!” said Holmes, sinking back in deep thought. “He is still with you?” “Oh, yes, sir; I have only just left him.” “And has your business been attended to in your absence?” “Nothing to complain of, sir. There's never very much to do of a morning.” “That will do, Mr. Wilson. I shall be happy to give you an opinion upon the subject in the course of a day or two. To-day is Saturday, and I hope that by Monday we may come to a conclusion.” “Well, Watson,” said Holmes when our visitor had left us, “what do you make of it all?” “I make nothing of it,” I answered frankly. “It is a most mysterious business.” “As a rule,” said Holmes, “the more bizarre a thing is the less mysterious it proves to be. It is your commonplace, featureless crimes which are really puzzling, just as a commonplace face is the most difficult to identify. But I must be prompt over this matter.” “What are you going to do, then?” I asked. “To smoke,” he answered. “It is quite a three pipe problem, and I beg that you won't speak to me for fifty minutes.” He curled himself up in his chair, with his thin knees drawn up to his hawk-like nose, and there he sat with his eyes closed and his black clay pipe thrusting out like the bill of some strange bird. I had come to the conclusion that he had dropped asleep, and indeed was nodding myself, when he suddenly sprang out of his chair with the gesture of a man who has made up his mind and put his pipe down upon the mantelpiece. “Sarasate plays at the St. James's Hall this afternoon,” he remarked. “What do you think, Watson? Could your patients spare you for a few hours?” “I have nothing to do to-day. My practice is never very absorbing.” “Then put on your hat and come. I am going through the City first, and we can have some lunch on the way. I observe that there is a good deal of German music on the programme, which is rather more to my taste than Italian or French. It is introspective, and I want to introspect. Come along!” We travelled by the Underground as far as Aldersgate; and a short walk took us to Saxe-Coburg Square, the scene of the singular story which we had listened to in the morning. It was a poky, little, shabby-genteel place, where four lines of dingy two-storied brick houses looked out into a small railed-in enclosure, where a lawn of weedy grass and a few clumps of faded laurel bushes made a hard fight against a smoke-laden and uncongenial atmosphere. Three gilt balls and a brown board with “JABEZ WILSON” in white letters, upon a corner house, announced the place where our red-headed client carried on his business. Sherlock Holmes stopped in front of it with his head on one side and looked it all over, with his eyes shining brightly between puckered lids. Then he walked slowly up the street, and then down again to the corner, still looking keenly at the houses. Finally he returned to the pawnbroker's, and, having thumped vigorously upon the pavement with his stick two or three times, he went up to the door and knocked. It was instantly opened by a bright-looking, clean-shaven young fellow, who asked him to step in. “Thank you,” said Holmes, “I only wished to ask you how you would go from here to the Strand.” “Third right, fourth left,” answered the assistant promptly, closing the door. “Smart fellow, that,” observed Holmes as we walked away. “He is, in my judgment, the fourth smartest man in London, and for daring I am not sure that he has not a claim to be third. I have known something of him before.” “Evidently,” said I, “Mr. Wilson's assistant counts for a good deal in this mystery of the Red-headed League. I am sure that you inquired your way merely in order that you might see him.” “Not him.” “What then?” “The knees of his trousers.” “And what did you see?” “What I expected to see.” “Why did you beat the pavement?” “My dear doctor, this is a time for observation, not for talk. We are spies in an enemy's country. We know something of Saxe-Coburg Square. Let us now explore the parts which lie behind it.” The road in which we found ourselves as we turned round the corner from the retired Saxe-Coburg Square presented as great a contrast to it as the front of a picture does to the back. It was one of the main arteries which conveyed the traffic of the City to the north and west. The roadway was blocked with the immense stream of commerce flowing in a double tide inward and outward, while the footpaths were black with the hurrying swarm of pedestrians. It was difficult to realise as we looked at the line of fine shops and stately business premises that they really abutted on the other side upon the faded and stagnant square which we had just quitted. “Let me see,” said Holmes, standing at the corner and glancing along the line, “I should like just to remember the order of the houses here. It is a hobby of mine to have an exact knowledge of London. There is Mortimer's, the tobacconist, the little newspaper shop, the Coburg branch of the City and Suburban Bank, the Vegetarian Restaurant, and McFarlane's carriage-building depot. That carries us right on to the other block. And now, Doctor, we've done our work, so it's time we had some play. A sandwich and a cup of coffee, and then off to violin-land, where all is sweetness and delicacy and harmony, and there are no red-headed clients to vex us with their conundrums.” My friend was an enthusiastic musician, being himself not only a very capable performer but a composer of no ordinary merit. All the afternoon he sat in the stalls wrapped in the most perfect happiness, gently waving his long, thin fingers in time to the music, while his gently smiling face and his languid, dreamy eyes were as unlike those of Holmes the sleuth-hound, Holmes the relentless, keen-witted, ready-handed criminal agent, as it was possible to conceive. In his singular character the dual nature alternately asserted itself, and his extreme exactness and astuteness represented, as I have often thought, the reaction against the poetic and contemplative mood which occasionally predominated in him. The swing of his nature took him from extreme languor to devouring energy; and, as I knew well, he was never so truly formidable as when, for days on end, he had been lounging in his armchair amid his improvisations and his black-letter editions. Then it was that the lust of the chase would suddenly come upon him, and that his brilliant reasoning power would rise to the level of intuition, until those who were unacquainted with his methods would look askance at him as on a man whose knowledge was not that of other mortals. When I saw him that afternoon so enwrapped in the music at St. James's Hall I felt that an evil time might be coming upon those whom he had set himself to hunt down. “You want to go home, no doubt, Doctor,” he remarked as we emerged. “Yes, it would be as well.” “And I have some business to do which will take some hours. This business at Coburg Square is serious.” “Why serious?” “A considerable crime is in contemplation. I have every reason to believe that we shall be in time to stop it. But to-day being Saturday rather complicates matters. I shall want your help to-night.” “At what time?” “Ten will be early enough.” “I shall be at Baker Street at ten.” “Very well. And, I say, Doctor, there may be some little danger, so kindly put your army revolver in your pocket.” He waved his hand, turned on his heel, and disappeared in an instant among the crowd. I trust that I am not more dense than my neighbours, but I was always oppressed with a sense of my own stupidity in my dealings with Sherlock Holmes. Here I had heard what he had heard, I had seen what he had seen, and yet from his words it was evident that he saw clearly not only what had happened but what was about to happen, while to me the whole business was still confused and grotesque. As I drove home to my house in Kensington I thought over it all, from the extraordinary story of the red-headed copier of the Encyclopaedia down to the visit to Saxe-Coburg Square, and the ominous words with which he had parted from me. What was this nocturnal expedition, and why should I go armed? Where were we going, and what were we to do? I had the hint from Holmes that this smooth-faced pawnbroker's assistant was a formidable man—a man who might play a deep game. I tried to puzzle it out, but gave it up in despair and set the matter aside until night should bring an explanation. It was a quarter-past nine when I started from home and made my way across the Park, and so through Oxford Street to Baker Street. Two hansoms were standing at the door, and as I entered the passage I heard the sound of voices from above. On entering his room, I found Holmes in animated conversation with two men, one of whom I recognised as Peter Jones, the official police agent, while the other was a long, thin, sad-faced man, with a very shiny hat and oppressively respectable frock-coat. “Ha! Our party is complete,” said Holmes, buttoning up his pea-jacket and taking his heavy hunting crop from the rack. “Watson, I think you know Mr. Jones, of Scotland Yard? Let me introduce you to Mr. Merryweather, who is to be our companion in to-night's adventure.” “We're hunting in couples again, Doctor, you see,” said Jones in his consequential way. “Our friend here is a wonderful man for starting a chase. All he wants is an old dog to help him to do the running down.” “I hope a wild goose may not prove to be the end of our chase,” observed Mr. Merryweather gloomily. “You may place considerable confidence in Mr. Holmes, sir,” said the police agent loftily. “He has his own little methods, which are, if he won't mind my saying so, just a little too theoretical and fantastic, but he has the makings of a detective in him. It is not too much to say that once or twice, as in that business of the Sholto murder and the Agra treasure, he has been more nearly correct than the official force.” “Oh, if you say so, Mr. Jones, it is all right,” said the stranger with deference. “Still, I confess that I miss my rubber. It is the first Saturday night for seven-and-twenty years that I have not had my rubber.” “I think you will find,” said Sherlock Holmes, “that you will play for a higher stake to-night than you have ever done yet, and that the play will be more exciting. For you, Mr. Merryweather, the stake will be some �30,000; and for you, Jones, it will be the man upon whom you wish to lay your hands.” “John Clay, the murderer, thief, smasher, and forger. He's a young man, Mr. Merryweather, but he is at the head of his profession, and I would rather have my bracelets on him than on any criminal in London. He's a remarkable man, is young John Clay. His grandfather was a royal duke, and he himself has been to Eton and Oxford. His brain is as cunning as his fingers, and though we meet signs of him at every turn, we never know where to find the man himself. He'll crack a crib in Scotland one week, and be raising money to build an orphanage in Cornwall the next. I've been on his track for years and have never set eyes on him yet.” “I hope that I may have the pleasure of introducing you to-night. I've had one or two little turns also with Mr. John Clay, and I agree with you that he is at the head of his profession. It is past ten, however, and quite time that we started. If you two will take the first hansom, Watson and I will follow in the second.” Sherlock Holmes was not very communicative during the long drive and lay back in the cab humming the tunes which he had heard in the afternoon. We rattled through an endless labyrinth of gas-lit streets until we emerged into Farrington Street. “We are close there now,” my friend remarked. “This fellow Merryweather is a bank director, and personally interested in the matter. I thought it as well to have Jones with us also. He is not a bad fellow, though an absolute imbecile in his profession. He has one positive virtue. He is as brave as a bulldog and as tenacious as a lobster if he gets his claws upon anyone. Here we are, and they are waiting for us.” We had reached the same crowded thoroughfare in which we had found ourselves in the morning. Our cabs were dismissed, and, following the guidance of Mr. Merryweather, we passed down a narrow passage and through a side door, which he opened for us. Within there was a small corridor, which ended in a very massive iron gate. This also was opened, and led down a flight of winding stone steps, which terminated at another formidable gate. Mr. Merryweather stopped to light a lantern, and then conducted us down a dark, earth-smelling passage, and so, after opening a third door, into a huge vault or cellar, which was piled all round with crates and massive boxes. “You are not very vulnerable from above,” Holmes remarked as he held up the lantern and gazed about him. “Nor from below,” said Mr. Merryweather, striking his stick upon the flags which lined the floor. “Why, dear me, it sounds quite hollow!” he remarked, looking up in surprise. “I must really ask you to be a little more quiet!” said Holmes severely. “You have already imperilled the whole success of our expedition. Might I beg that you would have the goodness to sit down upon one of those boxes, and not to interfere?” The solemn Mr. Merryweather perched himself upon a crate, with a very injured expression upon his face, while Holmes fell upon his knees upon the floor and, with the lantern and a magnifying lens, began to examine minutely the cracks between the stones. A few seconds sufficed to satisfy him, for he sprang to his feet again and put his glass in his pocket. “We have at least an hour before us,” he remarked, “for they can hardly take any steps until the good pawnbroker is safely in bed. Then they will not lose a minute, for the sooner they do their work the longer time they will have for their escape. We are at present, Doctor—as no doubt you have divined—in the cellar of the City branch of one of the principal London banks. Mr. Merryweather is the chairman of directors, and he will explain to you that there are reasons why the more daring criminals of London should take a considerable interest in this cellar at present.” “It is our French gold,” whispered the director. “We have had several warnings that an attempt might be made upon it.” “Your French gold?” “Yes. We had occasion some months ago to strengthen our resources and borrowed for that purpose 30,000 napoleons from the Bank of France. It has become known that we have never had occasion to unpack the money, and that it is still lying in our cellar. The crate upon which I sit contains 2,000 napoleons packed between layers of lead foil. Our reserve of bullion is much larger at present than is usually kept in a single branch office, and the directors have had misgivings upon the subject.” “Which were very well justified,” observed Holmes. “And now it is time that we arranged our little plans. I expect that within an hour matters will come to a head. In the meantime Mr. Merryweather, we must put the screen over that dark lantern.” “And sit in the dark?” “I am afraid so. I had brought a pack of cards in my pocket, and I thought that, as we were a partie carr�e, you might have your rubber after all. But I see that the enemy's preparations have gone so far that we cannot risk the presence of a light. And, first of all, we must choose our positions. These are daring men, and though we shall take them at a disadvantage, they may do us some harm unless we are careful. I shall stand behind this crate, and do you conceal yourselves behind those. Then, when I flash a light upon them, close in swiftly. If they fire, Watson, have no compunction about shooting them down.” I placed my revolver, cocked, upon the top of the wooden case behind which I crouched. Holmes shot the slide across the front of his lantern and left us in pitch darkness—such an absolute darkness as I have never before experienced. The smell of hot metal remained to assure us that the light was still there, ready to flash out at a moment's notice. To me, with my nerves worked up to a pitch of expectancy, there was something depressing and subduing in the sudden gloom, and in the cold dank air of the vault. “They have but one retreat,” whispered Holmes. “That is back through the house into Saxe-Coburg Square. I hope that you have done what I asked you, Jones?” “I have an inspector and two officers waiting at the front door.” “Then we have stopped all the holes. And now we must be silent and wait.” What a time it seemed! From comparing notes afterwards it was but an hour and a quarter, yet it appeared to me that the night must have almost gone, and the dawn be breaking above us. My limbs were weary and stiff, for I feared to change my position; yet my nerves were worked up to the highest pitch of tension, and my hearing was so acute that I could not only hear the gentle breathing of my companions, but I could distinguish the deeper, heavier in-breath of the bulky Jones from the thin, sighing note of the bank director. From my position I could look over the case in the direction of the floor. Suddenly my eyes caught the glint of a light. At first it was but a lurid spark upon the stone pavement. Then it lengthened out until it became a yellow line, and then, without any warning or sound, a gash seemed to open and a hand appeared, a white, almost womanly hand, which felt about in the centre of the little area of light. For a minute or more the hand, with its writhing fingers, protruded out of the floor. Then it was withdrawn as suddenly as it appeared, and all was dark again save the single lurid spark which marked a chink between the stones. Its disappearance, however, was but momentary. With a rending, tearing sound, one of the broad, white stones turned over upon its side and left a square, gaping hole, through which streamed the light of a lantern. Over the edge there peeped a clean-cut, boyish face, which looked keenly about it, and then, with a hand on either side of the aperture, drew itself shoulder-high and waist-high, until one knee rested upon the edge. In another instant he stood at the side of the hole and was hauling after him a companion, lithe and small like himself, with a pale face and a shock of very red hair. “It's all clear,” he whispered. “Have you the chisel and the bags? Great Scott! Jump, Archie, jump, and I'll swing for it!” Sherlock Holmes had sprung out and seized the intruder by the collar. The other dived down the hole, and I heard the sound of rending cloth as Jones clutched at his skirts. The light flashed upon the barrel of a revolver, but Holmes' hunting crop came down on the man's wrist, and the pistol clinked upon the stone floor. “It's no use, John Clay,” said Holmes blandly. “You have no chance at all.” “So I see,” the other answered with the utmost coolness. “I fancy that my pal is all right, though I see you have got his coat-tails.” “There are three men waiting for him at the door,” said Holmes. “Oh, indeed! You seem to have done the thing very completely. I must compliment you.” “And I you,” Holmes answered. “Your red-headed idea was very new and effective.” “You'll see your pal again presently,” said Jones. “He's quicker at climbing down holes than I am. Just hold out while I fix the derbies.” “I beg that you will not touch me with your filthy hands,” remarked our prisoner as the handcuffs clattered upon his wrists. “You may not be aware that I have royal blood in my veins. Have the goodness, also, when you address me always to say ‘sir' and ‘please.' ” “All right,” said Jones with a stare and a snigger. “Well, would you please, sir, march upstairs, where we can get a cab to carry your Highness to the police-station?” “That is better,” said John Clay serenely. He made a sweeping bow to the three of us and walked quietly off in the custody of the detective. “Really, Mr. Holmes,” said Mr. Merryweather as we followed them from the cellar, “I do not know how the bank can thank you or repay you. There is no doubt that you have detected and defeated in the most complete manner one of the most determined attempts at bank robbery that have ever come within my experience.” “I have had one or two little scores of my own to settle with Mr. John Clay,” said Holmes. “I have been at some small expense over this matter, which I shall expect the bank to refund, but beyond that I am amply repaid by having had an experience which is in many ways unique, and by hearing the very remarkable narrative of the Red-headed League.” “You see, Watson,” he explained in the early hours of the morning as we sat over a glass of whisky and soda in Baker Street, “it was perfectly obvious from the first that the only possible object of this rather fantastic business of the advertisement of the League, and the copying of the Encyclopaedia, must be to get this not over-bright pawnbroker out of the way for a number of hours every day. It was a curious way of managing it, but, really, it would be difficult to suggest a better. The method was no doubt suggested to Clay's ingenious mind by the colour of his accomplice's hair. The �4 a week was a lure which must draw him, and what was it to them, who were playing for thousands? They put in the advertisement, one rogue has the temporary office, the other rogue incites the man to apply for it, and together they manage to secure his absence every morning in the week. From the time that I heard of the assistant having come for half wages, it was obvious to me that he had some strong motive for securing the situation.” “But how could you guess what the motive was?” “Had there been women in the house, I should have suspected a mere vulgar intrigue. That, however, was out of the question. The man's business was a small one, and there was nothing in his house which could account for such elaborate preparations, and such an expenditure as they were at. It must, then, be something out of the house. What could it be? I thought of the assistant's fondness for photography, and his trick of vanishing into the cellar. The cellar! There was the end of this tangled clue. Then I made inquiries as to this mysterious assistant and found that I had to deal with one of the coolest and most daring criminals in London. He was doing something in the cellar—something which took many hours a day for months on end. What could it be, once more? I could think of nothing save that he was running a tunnel to some other building. “So far I had got when we went to visit the scene of action. I surprised you by beating upon the pavement with my stick. I was ascertaining whether the cellar stretched out in front or behind. It was not in front. Then I rang the bell, and, as I hoped, the assistant answered it. We have had some skirmishes, but we had never set eyes upon each other before. I hardly looked at his face. His knees were what I wished to see. You must yourself have remarked how worn, wrinkled, and stained they were. They spoke of those hours of burrowing. The only remaining point was what they were burrowing for. I walked round the corner, saw the City and Suburban Bank abutted on our friend's premises, and felt that I had solved my problem. When you drove home after the concert I called upon Scotland Yard and upon the chairman of the bank directors, with the result that you have seen.” “And how could you tell that they would make their attempt to-night?” I asked. “Well, when they closed their League offices that was a sign that they cared no longer about Mr. Jabez Wilson's presence—in other words, that they had completed their tunnel. But it was essential that they should use it soon, as it might be discovered, or the bullion might be removed. Saturday would suit them better than any other day, as it would give them two days for their escape. For all these reasons I expected them to come to-night.” “You reasoned it out beautifully,” I exclaimed in unfeigned admiration. “It is so long a chain, and yet every link rings true.” “It saved me from ennui,” he answered, yawning. “Alas! I already feel it closing in upon me. My life is spent in one long effort to escape from the commonplaces of existence. These little problems help me to do so.” “And you are a benefactor of the race,” said I. He shrugged his shoulders. “Well, perhaps, after all, it is of some little use,” he remarked. “ ‘L'homme c'est rien—l'oeuvre c'est tout,' as Gustave Flaubert wrote to George Sand.”

Live from the Bell House in Brooklyn, Greg preaches on praying mantises, Paine and Palpatine.

Is Anybody Watching Into The Badlands: Hand of Five Poisons In a world without guns, fighting is an art! Into The Badlands on AMC stars Daniel Wu as a one of the most lethal Clippers killing for his Baron, and Aramis Knight as a young boy with more power than he may realize. They search for enlightenment in a ruthless and bloody territory controlled by feudal barons. Season One-Episode Five of Into the Badlands: Hand of Five Poisons In the Season One Finale, we are left wanting more. A lot was left open ended! Thankfully we know there is a season 2. The opening sequence shows Sunny on his bike rolling down the road, not the only bookend to the opening scene from episode 1. 3:25 He's off to play "head games" with the River King 2:38 We knew it wouldn't be MK's head in there, it was Bale's. (NOT AN OFFICIAL TANGENT: Batman) 4:30 Penrith's messenger finds the Abbots and they hop in their ol' Ford pickup truck, after grabbing a trunk of course. 5:55 Jade and Lydia have a brief discussion before Jade's plan comes to fruition. Ryder gives Lydia a going away present.  11:15  Jade tells Quinn she needs to tell him something about Ryder. What is it? It must have been about the coup, since he goes to the brothel without any protection except MK. 13:38 Miranda's ready to talk chocolate abs, but is put on hold... 17:34 The actor playing Quinn (Marton Csokas) was in a pic from @IntoTheBadlands that made us realize how good of an actor he is because WE HATE HIM but he's really just a guy. Sunny gets captured and put on display (FOR MIRANDA) He's called to the chapel for a speech from Quinn and subsequently surrounded. Could he not fight his way out? He's fought out of worse situations. 19:40 Vail also was a bit disappointing in this episode.  20:51  Lydia too! What happened to Woman Power? 22:56 It turns out Sunny had his own pendent when Waldo found him.  27:30 Do he and the widow have the "darkness" or the "power"? Why can't they trigger it? Tilda: Which tincture will she choose? Final Fight Scene(s) of the season. Sonny gets his man (and one last tatoo) Was it a deathblow?  Who will be season 2's main baddie? Ryder, River King, someone else? We feel like we missed out on some cool fight scenes. Is Zephyr dead?  What about Jacobee? Ryder scampers away, Monk (aka Abbot) fight scene was the payoff. Back in the box for MK.  A Princess Bride reference: (our first, and only, OFFICIAL tangent) The ending quote and our interpretation... 52:10 Season 2 of Into the Badlands will air in 2017.  We'll definitely be discussing that when it returns. In the meantime, Season 2 of Is Anybody Watching will begin in a couple of weeks.  We will be asking, "Is Anybody Watching 11.22.63" We will be breaking this HULU original series down episode by episode.  So if you have HULU and have watched it, please use the contact links below to give us your thoughts.  If you have HULU and haven't watched it, watch it along with us.  If you don't have HULU, find a good friend willing to share ;) We'd also love to hear your thoughts about Into the Badlands, or suggestions about what we should watch next. We Love Feedback! Subscribe and Review us on iTunes and/or Stitcher, and Google Play Feel free to comment, give us your theories, answer our questions, suggest shows for future “seasons”, or just say hello. Voicemail: 346-202-HERO (4376) Email: anybodywatchingcast@gmail.com Twitter: @AnybodyWatching Facebook/IsAnybodyWatching

This Episode's title is – “Expansion ”.We're going to spend a little time now tracking the expansion of the Faith into different areas during the Early Middle Ages.We ended last time with the story of the conversion of the Frank king Clovis in 496. When he was baptized on Christmas Day by Bishop Remigius of Rheims {Reems}, 3,000 of his warriors joined him. It was the first of several mass baptism that took place during the Middle Ages in Europe. And it raises the issue of the paganizing of Christianity.The task of Missions usually proceeds in 1 of 2 ways.The first & more common route is that of individual conversion. Though in the NT we find converts being called into immediate baptism, it wasn't long before conversion was followed by a period of instruction before baptism. That time for instruction in the basics of the Faith could be either short or long, depending on the standards of the bishop or community of believers.  This form of missions, that of individual conversion & baptism was the method used by the Church for the first 3 Cs, & by most Protestant missions from the 19th C to today. That's because of the emphasis on an individual change of heart in Evangelicalism. While this certainly finds support in Scripture, it can miss an important dynamic when people convert to Christ out of a pagan culture. Their change in faith almost certainly means being uprooted from that culture; sometimes leading to the need to physically relocate to an area where their faith will not endanger their life or the lives of their family.For that reason, another method of Missions has sometimes been used; that of mass conversion, where an entire group of people make a communal decision to forsake their old religion in favor of Christianity.Now, I suspect some of those listening will respond to this idea of mass conversion with distaste. Evangelicalism has placed such an emphasis on personal salvation that the idea of the conversion of an entire community at once is highly suspect. We often talk of receiving Christ as one's PERSONAL Savior. So the idea that an entire village or tribe would turn to faith in Christ at once seems disingenuous.But consider this: The idea of personal, individual freedom is in many ways a distinctly modern, western & democratic concept. Even in our own time, much of the world has little concept of personal or individual freedom. They understand themselves as part of a family, village, or tribe; as a member of a community of people where autonomous individuality is regarded as dangerous & a threat to the survival of the group. For much of history and a good part of the world, the idea that you would change your religion all on your own while everyone else believed in other gods was simply unthinkable. Conversion would enrage the old gods & so endanger your family & neighbors. This was something several Roman Emperors used as a reason for opposing Christianity.Some Christian missionaries realized the key to the conversion of these communal pagan peoples was to win the leader.  Because his choice was nearly always adopted by the entire tribe. To be sure, these missionaries understood salvation was an individual issue. But they knew the key to being able to work for individual salvations was to win the leader, who would in turn lead his people in a mass conversion. Then they could be free to work the faith into the lives of the people in a more intimate & personal way.The downside to mass conversion is obvious. Many who formally converted by being baptized, never went on to a real faith in Christ. They took the label of Christian without ever being genuinely converted. What made this especially troublesome was when it was the ruler who feigned conversion. Some did for purely pragmatic ends. Submitting to baptism often brought them political & economic gain. Mass conversions might make it easier for genuine converts to practice a new worldview, but it also imperiled the Faith because the unconverted brought with them old superstitions, blending them into Christianity in a syncretistic religious amalgam.This was the case with the Frank king Clovis. He went through the motions of conversion, but Jesus remained little more for him than a divine warlord.Gregory of Tours, who lived a century after Clovis, was his main biographer. Gregory says even after his conversion, Clovis used deceit, cunning, & treachery to expand his kingdom. He sent bribes to nobles and those responsible for protecting a rival king to betray him. He told another king's son if he killed his father, Clovis would support the son's ascent to the throne & make an alliance with him. The son did as Clovis hoped & killed his father. Clovis them promptly announced the son guilty of the heinous crimes of patricide & regicide &  took over his realm.As Dan Carlin likes to point out in his Hardcore History podcast-episode, Thor's Angels,  when you think of the Goths & the Franks of this time, think of a modern criminal biker gang. You're not far off the mark in what these Germanic barbarians were like; in both mindset & appearance. When Clovis submitted to baptism, all he did was trade in his black leather vest for a navy blue one.Among the barely converted Franks & other Germanic tribes, long-dead saints stepped in to replace their numerous deities. Each saint adopted a role the old gods had performed. St. Anthony took care of pigs, St. Gaul looked after hens, Apollonia cured toothaches, Genevieve cured fever, and St. Blaise soothed sore throats. For every human need the Germans posted a saint to take care of it.Many tales circulated about the miraculous powers of these saints. One told of 2 beggars, 1 lame, the other blind. They got caught up in a procession of the devoted who carried the relics of St. Martin. But these 2 beggars made their living off the alms of the pious & didn't want to be healed. Fearful lest they be cured by their proximity to the relics, they quickly struck a deal. The 1 who could see but not walk mounted the shoulders of the 1 who could walk but not see & they tried to exit the procession. They weren't able to get away quickly enough; both were healed. è Such stories were plentiful.As with Constantine the Great in the early 4th C, we can't be certain if Clovis' conversion was real or feigned. Certainly much of his behavior after his baptism is doubtful. But the political benefits of conversion were certainly not lost on him. Clovis was a man of huge ambition. He wanted to be more than a chieftain of the Franks.  He wanted to be king, a chief of chiefs. He knew he needed to distinguish himself among the many competing power centers in Western Europe. By joining the Roman Church he set himself apart from the other Germanic kings who were all Arian. This move secured the support of the Gaelic-Roman nobility throughout Gaul.Clovis was the first leader of the Franks to unite the tribes under one ruler, changing the leadership from a group of chieftains to rule by kings, ensuring the royal line was held by his heirs, known as the Merovingians.Not long after his baptism and the quick following by 3000 of his warriors, Clovis pressed other Frank nobles to convert & join the Roman church. He understood the religious unity of the kingdom was crucial in staving off assault, and to further campaigns to enlarge their borders. Wars of conquest became a means of “liberating other people from the error of Arianism.” And the church at Rome was not at all averse to having an armed force on its side.Clovis wasn't all that successful in expanding his borders south & east into the region of the Burgundians, but he was able to push the Visigoths out of Gaul, confining them in Spain. In the Battle of Vouille {Voo-yay}, the Visigothc King Alaric II was killed. In appreciation for his service in defeating the Visigoths, the Eastern Emperor Anastasius I declared Clovis Consul, a provocative title as it was reminiscent of ancient Roman leaders.Clovis made Paris the new capital of the Frank kingdom & built an abbey dedicated to Sts. Peter & Paul.Not long before he died, Clovis called the First Council of Orléans, a synod of 33 Gallic bishops. The goal was to reform the Church & forge an enduring link between the Crown and Church. The Council passed a little over 30 decrees that brought equality between the Frank conquerors and their Gallic subjects.Clovis died in the Fall of 511, leaving the kingdom to his 4 sons. Unlike Alexander the Great who made no provision for dividing his empire among his 4 generals, Clovis carved up Gaul into 4 regions, one for each son; Rheims, Orléans, Paris & Soissons. Clovis naively thought this would keep them content & result in peace. In truth, it ushered in a period of disunity which lasted to the end of the Merovingian dynasty in the mid-8th C.In Episode 37 we looked at the 5th C Irish missionary Patrick. The Irish had never been a part of the Roman Empire. Though they had frequent contact with Roman Britain, the Irish Celts were culturally, economically, & politically different. When the Roman army abandoned Britain as too costly & difficult to defend, the Church filled the vacuum. The spiritual outreach to Ireland was primarily the work of Patrick, who though British, planted a church in Ireland that remained independent of the Roman Catholic Church.Patrick understood the evangelistic dynamic of the Christian faith & discerned that it alone offered what the native Druids could not: Peace to a land troubled by constant tribal warfare. Patrick's strategy was to win the tribal leaders to Christ. Many local lords became Christians. Because of the way Celtic society was arranged, when rulers converted, so did those they ruled.Ireland was ripe for the message & offer of the Gospel. The religion practiced by the Druids was a brutal, demonic, religious terrorism that many of the common people were eager to cast off. The Gospel was about as OPPOSITE a message & offer from Druidism as one can imagine. There are estimates of as many as 100,000 genuine converts to Patrick's ministry.On the foundation of faith & church life Patrick laid, Finnian of Clonard built a pattern for Irish monasticism in the early 6th C.  Monasteries were founded all over Ireland. As they rose in number and prestige, the ecclesiastical organization Patrick established withered away. By the end of the 6th C the Irish church had become a church of monks. Abbots replaced bishops as the leaders of the Church. From the outset, Irish monks valued scholarship & an energetic spread of the Gospel.Interestingly, there's evidence that the missionary fervor that stands as one of Celtic Christianity's major traits may have been due to their system of penance. In an earlier episode we saw how the early church developed a view of repentance that included penance. The idea was that repentance needed to be demonstrated by some act showing contrition. The theology went like this: Repentance was a heart issue only God could see. But John the Baptist had said, “Bring forth fruit worthy of repentance.”  So, when people repented, their account before God was cleared. But how about restoring them to the Community of faith – fellowship in the Church? While man can't see the heart, he can see the actions that flow from that heart. Penance became a system of works people could perform that would mark repentance. It didn't take long before lists were made of what penance was due for what sins. One of the forms of penance Celtic Christians practiced was exile, banishment from their homes. Some of the intense missionary activity of the Celtic Christians was motivated by this form of penance.Irish scholar-monks ranged far and wide across Europe during the 6th & 7th Cs. This aggressive missionary activity of the Celtic Church eventually caused trouble since it remained independent from Rome. Churches started by Irish missionaries were often located in regions that later came under the control of Rome.In 636, south Ireland decided to fold their church community into the Roman Church. Then in 697, the church in Northern Ireland decided to follow suit. Though most of Celtic Christianity was eventually folded into Roman Catholicism, isolated communities scattered across Scotland, Wales & the British Isles continued their independence for many years.One of the Celtic-English missionaries who had a huge impact in Northern Europe was Boniface.Born Winfrid in the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex in the early 670's, his family was prosperous and sent him to school at a monastery in Exeter. The life of the monks appealed to Winfrid & against his father's wishes, he decided to pursue a religious career. He showed a mastery of the Scriptures & great skill in teaching & organization, traits sought after in monastic life. For further training he moved to a Benedictine monastery in Hampshire. This monastery was led by a brilliant abbot who'd made it an industrious center of scholarship. Winfrid soon became a teacher in the monastery school & at the age of 30 was ordained as a priest. When the abbot died in 716, the logical choice to replace him was Winfrid. In a surprise move, he declined, and left for the region of Frisia, what today we know as The Netherlands.Winfrid had a passion to take the Gospel of Christ were it was yet to be planted. He'd heard of a similarly-minded missionary named Willibrord who worked in Frisia & needed help. They spent a year together but when war broke, both returned home.A year later, Winfrid went to Rome seeking an audience with Pope Gregory II. He shared his vision of seeing the Germanic tribes delivered from their Arian heresy into the Catholic faith. Gregory replied, “You glow with the salvation-bringing fire which our Lord came to send upon the earth.”The Pope renamed him ‘Boniface' after the 4th C martyr Boniface of Tarsus, & appointed him as the missionary bishop for Germania. This meant Boniface was a bishop without a diocese. The realm of his ministry had no churches. It was up to him to carry the light of Christ to the superstitious Germanic tribes. Boniface never returned to England.He focused his work in the regions of Hesse & Thuringia, leading thousands to Christ. He planted scores of churches.While the Germans were nominally Arian, entire regions were in reality still pagan, worshiping the ancient German gods and practicing superstitious rites. Boniface found some supposedly Christian missionaries as he made his way through Germany but they espoused heresy. It was little wonder they'd had little impact. When he confronted them, they resisted. So Boniface had them arrested & confined. He soon gained a reputation for being stern & determined.One story from Boniface's career is legendary. Whether or not it's factual is unknown. It's certainly not difficult to believe that a man who would go to Rome & ask for permission to single-handedly carry the Gospel to heretics & pagans might do something like what we're about to hear.The story goes that Boniface went to Geismar in Hesse where the Donar or Thor's Oak stood. As was common for Germans, they considered trees and forests to hold great spiritual power. Thor, god of thunder, was the chief deity in their pantheon.  The Donar Oak was dedicated to his power and glory. Boniface knew there was no Thor & that there'd be no backlash if he chopped down a tree. Some Germans might protest & take it on themselves to defend Thor's honor. So Boniface called them to gather round, then set them this challenge—let Thor, that mighty god of thunder, defend his tree himself. Certainly a god as great as the god of thunder could deal with a puny little Christian priest. Unless, à there was no Thor & the Christian faith was true. Boniface lifted his axe and began to strike. No lightening followed. No thunder shook the ground. But according to his early biographer Willibald, after Boniface had taken a dozen or so swings at the oak, a strong wind kicked up that knocked it over. It fell & broke into 4 pieces, revealing that it was in fact rotten. The message was clear; the old ways were like that rotten oak. The people were stunned and as though being released from a prison in which they'd long been held, renounced their belief in the old gods & in-mass converted to Christianity. Boniface used the wood from Donar's Oak to build a church.His skill in administration brought a remarkable level of organization to the now rapidly growing German church. In 732 he was made archbishop over Germany. He worked for an educated, disciplined, & pure clergy; something he knew in other part of the Europe was not the case. He tolerated neither laziness nor incompetency among clerics & purged the lingering rites of German paganism from church rituals. The syncretism that had been adopted in many other places, whereby pagans rites were absorbed into church traditions, was not something Boniface allowed. Using missionary volunteers from England, many of whom were women, he advanced organization and structure in the German church and filled it with zeal for obedience, service, and outreach.Along with his administrative and missionary work, Boniface built monasteries throughout Germany. The most influential was at Fulda, the geographical center of Germany.No church councils had been held in the Frankish realm for decades before his arrival. Boniface convened 5 of them between 742 and 747. At his urging these Councils adopted strict regulations for clergy and condemned local heretics.Boniface was a Benedictine monk. The Benedictines emphasized poverty, moral purity, & obedience to Christ. Benedict's Rule was the norm for monasteries throughout Europe at that time. They were places of worship, devotion, prayer, & scholarship—oases of culture & civilization in the midst of godlessness. Monks copied Scriptures and early Christian literature. Monasteries were about the only educational centers during the medieval period. Had it not been for them, there would have been no Renaissance. The monasteries are where all the learning was kept that formed the intellectual base the Renaissance came from. Sadly, over the centuries, many monasteries forsook their spiritual roots & became places of immorality & corruption. Those Boniface founded for the most part remained places of education, hospitality, & missionary outreach.Boniface understood all his work could turn to naught if war came. So he worked to nurture peaceful relations between the Franks, Germanic tribes & the Church. He was crucial in negotiating a treaty between the Pope & the Frank king Pepin that would eventually grow into a powerful church-state alliance later in the Middle Ages.After years of ministry in Central Germany, Boniface again felt Frisia in the North calling him. This was the place where he'd first tried his hand in missionary work. Now, in his late 70's, he resigned his post as the archbishop of Mainz [Mines] to head north once again. He and his followers roamed the countryside destroying pagan shrines, building churches, & baptizing thousands.A group of new converts was supposed to meet Boniface & his 52 companions at Dorkum. While Boniface waited for them, a band of outlaws arrived. In his earlier travels, Boniface went with an armed guard commissioned by the Frank ruler. Now he was in a realm beyond Frank control. At the first council he'd called years before, he'd pressed to disallow the clergy from carrying arms. All he had to defend himself was the large wood-covered book he was reading. He wielded it as a shield. As he batted away the thrusts of the outlaws trying to stab him, I wonder if he regretted his previous position. A book makes a poor shield, even if its cover is quarter-inch thick. Boniface & his entire party were slaughtered there on the shore of a river. When the converts arrived to meet up with him, they found his body, & next to it lay a copy of Ambrose's à The Advantage of Death, with deep slashes in it. The book is on display in Fulda.

The title of this 132nd episode is “Off with Their Heads.”In this installment, we give a brief review of the French Revolution, which may not seem at first blush to have much to do with Church History. Ahh, but it does. For this reason: What we see in the French Revolution is a proto-typical example of the Church, by which the institutional church, not necessarily the Christian Gospel and Faith, collided with Modernity.Some astute CS subscribers may take exception to this, but I'll say it anyway è In the French Revolution we see the boomerang of the Enlightenment that sprang FROM the Renaissance, come back round to give the Church a mighty slap in the face. The Renaissance opened the door to new ways of thinking, which led first to the Reformation, which cracked the Roman Church's monopoly on religion and made it possible for people to not only believe differently, but to go even further to choose not to believe at all. Rationalism may have ended up agnostic and atheistic, but it didn't begin there. Some of the first and greatest scientists worked their science in the context of a Biblical worldview, as we've shown in previous episodes. And the earliest rationalist philosophers based their work on the evolving theology of Protestant scholastics.It was during the French Revolution when the dog bit the hand that had fed it. Or maybe better, when the lion mauled its trainer.The French monarch Louis XVI was a weak ruler and an inept politician. Economic conditions grew worse, especially for the poor, while of the king and his court were profligate in spending. In a desperate need to raise funds, the king convened the Estates General, the French parliament.It was composed of three orders, three Estates; the clergy, the nobility and the middle-class bourgeoisie. Louis' advisors suggested he enlarge that Third Estate of the middle class so he could coerce the other two estates of clergy and nobility to comply with his request for more taxes. The ranks of the clergy were then enlarged as well by adding many parish priests to offset the bishops who were largely drawn from the French nobility. These priests were no friend to the nobles.When the assembly gathered in early May, 1789, the Third Estate had more members than the other two combined. And among the clergy less than a third were nobles. The Third Estate insisted the Parliament function as a single chamber. The Clergy and Nobility were used to operating separately so that there were three votes. They usually united to vote down anything the Third Estate of the Middle class came up with. A row ensued, but when priests sided with middle class members, it was decided things would be decided by a united house and simple majority vote. The nobility balked so Priests and Bourgeoisie formed anew body they called the National Assembly, claiming they were now the legal government and represented the nation. Two days later the entire Clergy joined the National Assembly.The economy worsened, and hunger was widespread. Fearing what the National Assembly might do, the Crown ordered it to disband and forcibly closed the doors. Its members refused to comply and continued working on a new Constitution. The king moved troops to the outskirts of Paris and deposed a prominent and popular member of the opposition government named Jacques Necker. Parisians expressed their outrage by rioting in a bout of civil unrest that reached a climax on July 14, when they took the Bastille, a fortress that served as an armory, bunker, and prison for those who'd run afoul of the Crown.From that point on, things moved quickly toward full-fledged revolution. Three days later the king capitulated and recognized the authority of the National Assembly as the new government. The Assembly then issued the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, which became foundational to democratic movements in France and other nations. But when Louis reneged and refused to accept the Assembly's decisions, Paris rioted yet again. The royal family became prisoners in the capital.The National Assembly then moved to reorganized France's government, economy, and religion. The most important step in this was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, put into effect in 1790.For centuries the French church had been governed by Gallican liberties, protecting it from interference by Rome. French bishops had a buddy-system with the French Throne. But now, with the Crown gutted of authority, the National Assembly assumed the role in the Church the king had played. Recognizing the need for reform, they set to work. A the peak of church hierarchy were members of the aristocracy. These prelates weren't used to the real work of shepherding God's flock. Their seat was a matter of income and prestige, pomp and ceremony. Monasteries and abbeys had become private clubs filled with debauchery. Abbots were known, not for their simple homespun smocks and bare feet, but for their excessive luxury and crafty political intrigues.Some members of the Assembly wanted to reform the church. Others were convinced the Church and the Faith it was supposed to stand as the eternal servant of, was naught but a lot of hog-wash, silly superstition from times long past, and ought now be swept away. Those voices were few at first, but their numbers grew and took the foreground later in the Revolution.Most of the measures the Assembly proposed aimed at reform of the Church. But the deeper challenge leveled by some was, did the Assembly even have authority to make changes? Since when did the civil government have a say in Church affairs? And hold on – since the Reformation introduced a divide between Protestants and Catholics, which church was being addressed? A suggestion was made to call a council of French bishops. But the Assembly quashed that because it put power back in the hands of aristocratic bishops. Others suggested the Pope be invited to weigh in. But the French were reluctant to surrender their Gallicanism by giving Rome a foothold.Pope Pius VI sent word to Louis XVI the new Constitution was something he'd never accept. The king feared the Assembly's reaction if they found out about the Pope's resistance so he kept it secret. Then, at the insistence of the Assembly, the king agreed to the Constitution, but announced his approval was contingent on the Pope signing off. The Assembly tired of the delay and decreed that all who held ecclesiastical office had to swear allegiance to the Constitution. Those who declined would be deposed.The Church was divided.You see, in theory, those who refused were to suffer no more than a loss of office. On the basis of the Assembly's declaration on rights, they couldn't be deprived of their freedom of thought. And anyone who wanted to maintain them as their clergy were welcome to do so. But they were on their own. Those who signed on to the new Constitution would be supported by the state. à Again, all that was in theory. In practice, those who refused to swear allegiance were persecuted and branded as dangerous counterrevolutionaries.Revolutionary movements gained strength across Europe. Such movements in the Low Countries and Switzerland failed, but monarchs and the nobility feared the French movement would spread to other lands. That inspired French radicals to more extreme measures. In 1791, the National Assembly morphed into the Legislative Assembly, with far fewer voices calling for moderation. Half a year later, France went to war with Austria and Prussia—beginning a long series of armed conflicts that continued till the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815.The day after securing victory at the Battle of Valmy, the Legislative Assembly again reformed into the National Convention. In its first session, the Convention abolished the monarchy and announced the French Republic. Four months later, the king was accused of treason, convicted and executed.But that didn't put an end to France's problems. The economy was in shambles in every village, town, and city. Every social class suffered. But the peasants suffered most, as they always do. They revolted. Fear of foreign invasion grew. All this led to a wave of terror where everybody was suspected of counterrevolutionary conspiracies, and many major figures of the revolution were put to death one after another at the guillotine.Combined with all this was a strong reaction against Christianity, of all stripes. The new leaders of the revolution were convinced they were prophets and engineers of a New Age where science and reason would overcome superstition and religion. They claimed that as the new age was born, time had come to leave behind the silly ideas of the old.The Revolution created its own religion, called first the Cult of Reason; later the Cult of the Supreme Being. By then the Constitution with its rights for individuals was forgotten. The revolution wanted nothing to do with the Church. The calendar was changed to a more “reasonable” one where a week was 10 days and months were named after nature. Elaborate spectacles were staged to celebrate the new age of reason and new holidays were established to replace the old religious ones. Temples to Reason were built to replace churches, and a list of saints was issued—among whom were Socrates, Marcus Aurelius, and Rousseau. New rites were devised for weddings, funerals and the dedication of children, not to God but to philosophical ideals like Liberty.As I record this, and you listen, with whatever activity you're doing, all these radical rationalist ideas may seem ridiculous, in light of their short lifespan. Like demanding everyone suddenly call red blue, and blue is from now on going to be called green. Just because we say so. It would be ridiculous, were it not for the fact they were deadly earnest about it and killed thousands for no more reason than being under suspicion of calling their changes absurd.“Off with their heads” became a slogan that literally saw people slipped under the guillotine's blade. Christian worship was supposedly permitted; but any priest who refused to swear before the altar of Freedom was accused of being a counterrevolutionary and sent to the guillotine. Somewhere between two and five thousand priests were executed, as well as dozens of nuns and countless laypeople. Many died in prison. In the end, no distinction was made between those who'd sworn allegiance to the Constitution, those who refused to, and Protestants. Although the reign of terror ended in 1795, the government continued to oppose Christianity. Where ever French troops marched and asserted their presence, their policies followed. In 1798, they invaded Italy and captured Pope Pius VI, taking him to France as a prisoner.Napoleon, who risen through the ranks of the French army, became ruler of France in November of 1799. He believed the best policy for France was to seek a reconciliation with the Catholic Church, and opened negotiations with the new pope, Pius VII. In 1801, the papacy and French government agreed to a Concordat that allowed the Church and State to work together to appoint bishops. Three years later, Napoleon decided he wanted to be more than just the First Consul of France, and fancied the title “Emperor.” He had Pope Pius officiate his coronation. Then Napoleon turned around and decreed religious freedom for Protestants.So, Pope and Emperor fell out wit one another and France once again invaded Italy ending with the Pope again in chains. But in his captivity Pius refused to endorse Napoleon's actions. He was especially critical of his divorce from Josephine. Pius remained a prisoner until Napoleon's fall, when he was restored to his seat at Rome. There he proclaimed a general amnesty for all enemies, and interceded for Napoleon before his British conquerors.