Podcasts about Valmy

Send me a text!The first major victory of the revolution and the rise of the citizen ArmyDifferent quotes New Season, new outroSupport the show war102podcast@gmail.comhttps://war102.buzzsprout.com

host: Alyson Stanfield La Vaughn Belle is a visual artist based in St. Croix whose interdisciplinary practice explores colonial histories and Caribbean identity. Host Alyson Stanfield talks with La Vaughn about building a thriving art career outside traditional art centers through strategic networking, intentional collaboration, and the bold decision to hire a publicist for her monument project I Am Queen Mary. La Vaughn reveals How she built strategic networks that expanded her reach beyond her local community Why collaboration with people outside her discipline opened unexpected doors The power of consistent newsletter practice and following up with genuine curiosity How she hired a publicist for her monument project and landed coverage in The New York Times, Guardian, and Time Magazine Why separating your work (obra) from your career (carrera) requires different strategies How dedicating 20 studio hours per week transformed her practice HIGHLIGHTS 01:30 How living in the Caribbean has shaped La Vaughn's cosmopolitan perspective as an artist 06:40 How La Vaughn's work explores colonial histories through material remnants and storm metaphors 09:00 The three key practices La Vaughn built to develop her reputation outside St. Croix 10:30 What La Vaughn looks for in collaboration and how working with non-artists sharpens her practice 17:00 How people find La Vaughn for collaborations and the importance of a strong website 20:10 La Vaughn's consistent newsletter practice and how she asks permission to add people to her list 23:40 Why La Vaughn's friend insisted she hire a publicist and how she overcame her resistance 26:30 Describing the two-and-a-half-story sculpture that combined coral stones and a reimagined Huey P. Newton image 33:30 How La Vaughn dove into her practice after the media attention died down 38:40 Using affirmations and strategic positioning to attract the right gallerist 43:20 The difference between obra (work) and carrera (career) that La Vaughn learned in Cuba 46:40 Why committing to 20 studio hours per week is essential for competing at an international level

L'invité de Mardi politique est Julien Aubert, vice-président des Républicains, président de l'Institut Valmy. Julien Aubert est interviewé par : - Frédéric Rivière (RFI) - Roselyne Febvre (France 24).   Diffusions : - de 18h10 à 18h30 sur France 24 - de 21h10 à 21h30 sur RFI.   Live-tweet @MardiPolitique #MardiPol

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durée : 00:03:20 - Le chocalat bio et équitable de Sébastien Langlois, à Valmy

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss one of the most consequential battles of recent centuries. On 20th September 1792 at Valmy, 120 miles to the east of Paris, the army of the French Revolution faced Prussians, Austrians and French royalists heading for Paris to free Louis XVI and restore his power and end the Revolution. The professional soldiers in the French army were joined by citizens singing the Marseillaise and their refusal to give ground prompted their opponents to retreat when they might have stayed and won. The French success was transformative. The next day, back in Paris, the National Convention abolished the monarchy and declared the new Republic. Goethe, who was at Valmy, was to write that from that day forth began a new era in the history of the world.With Michael Rowe Reader in European History at King's College LondonHeidi Mehrkens Lecturer in Modern European History at the University of AberdeenAndColin Jones Professor Emeritus of History at Queen Mary, University of LondonProducer: Simon TillotsonReading listT. C. W. Blanning, The French Revolutionary Wars, 1787-1802 (Hodder Education, 1996)Elizabeth Cross, ‘The Myth of the Foreign Enemy? The Brunswick Manifesto and the Radicalization of the French Revolution' (French History 25/2, 2011)Charles J. Esdaile, The Wars of the French Revolution, 1792-1801 (Routledge, 2018)John A. Lynn, ‘Valmy' (MHQ: Quarterly Journal of Military History, Fall 1992)Munro Price, The Fall of the French Monarchy: Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette and the baron de Breteuil (Macmillan, 2002)Simon Schama, Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution (Penguin Books, 1989)Samuel F. Scott, From Yorktown to Valmy: The Transformation of the French Army in an Age of Revolution (University Press of Colorado, 1998)Marie-Cécile Thoral, From Valmy to Waterloo: France at War, 1792–1815 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2011)In Our Time is a BBC Studios Audio Production

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss one of the most consequential battles of recent centuries. On 20th September 1792 at Valmy, 120 miles to the east of Paris, the army of the French Revolution faced Prussians, Austrians and French royalists heading for Paris to free Louis XVI and restore his power and end the Revolution. The professional soldiers in the French army were joined by citizens singing the Marseillaise and their refusal to give ground prompted their opponents to retreat when they might have stayed and won. The French success was transformative. The next day, back in Paris, the National Convention abolished the monarchy and declared the new Republic. Goethe, who was at Valmy, was to write that from that day forth began a new era in the history of the world.With Michael Rowe Reader in European History at King's College LondonHeidi Mehrkens Lecturer in Modern European History at the University of AberdeenAndColin Jones Professor Emeritus of History at Queen Mary, University of LondonProducer: Simon TillotsonReading listT. C. W. Blanning, The French Revolutionary Wars, 1787-1802 (Hodder Education, 1996)Elizabeth Cross, ‘The Myth of the Foreign Enemy? The Brunswick Manifesto and the Radicalization of the French Revolution' (French History 25/2, 2011)Charles J. Esdaile, The Wars of the French Revolution, 1792-1801 (Routledge, 2018)John A. Lynn, ‘Valmy' (MHQ: Quarterly Journal of Military History, Fall 1992)Munro Price, The Fall of the French Monarchy: Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette and the baron de Breteuil (Macmillan, 2002)Simon Schama, Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution (Penguin Books, 1989)Samuel F. Scott, From Yorktown to Valmy: The Transformation of the French Army in an Age of Revolution (University Press of Colorado, 1998)Marie-Cécile Thoral, From Valmy to Waterloo: France at War, 1792–1815 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2011)In Our Time is a BBC Studios Audio Production

La caduta della monarchia ebbe come inevitabile corollario il processo al Re; i Girondini tentarono di tutto per evitarlo, ma alla Convenzione prevalsero alla fine considerazioni politiche sugli aspetti prettamente giuridici e il 21 Gennaio 1793 Luigi XVI salì sul patibolo. Sulle frontiere, subito dopo la vittoria di Valmy, le sorti della guerra sembrarono volgere a favore delle armate francesi che giunsero ad occupare il Belgio; poi, una serie di passi falsi in campo diplomatico determinarono il costituirsi della I Coalizione, la Francia si trovò a dover affrontare le maggiori potenze europee alleate contro di lei; alcune gravi sconfitte e, infine, il tradimento del generale Dumouriez riportarono le truppe nemiche sui confini francesi. Per bloccare la loro avanzata la Convenzione decretò una leva straordinaria di 300.000 uomini, ma si trovò a dover fronteggiare una minaccia inattesa ed ancora più devastante, la rivolta della Vandea.

Mentre a Parigi i tumulti abbattono la monarchia, l'esercito prussiano avanza ai confini della Francia, il 2 settembre giunge ad occupare Verdun, la strada per Parigi sembra aperta. L'emergenza fa sollevare la Francia, a Parigi tre giorni di massacri sconvolgono la città; al fronte affluiscono volontari da tutto il paese e, sorprendentemente, un'armata di reclute male equipaggiate e prive di addestramento riesce a fermare a Valmy, il 20 settembre 1792, l'esercito più preparato e più forte d'Europa. “Da questo luogo e da questo giorno comincia un'era nuova nella storia del mondo”.Wolfgang Goethe

EP91 feat. Dr.KyleLe stéphano-lyonnais Dr.Kyle est passé nous voir à l'occasion de la sortie de son album Grands Hommes le 2 décembre. Un album qu'on vous recommande énormément tant que l'écriture est intelligente que les performances au micro sont solides. Pour en parler il est accompagné de Kaynixe, qui n'est plus à présenter et du Barbu de Valmy, beatmaker, backer et tous pleins de choses comme changer des ampoules.Morceaux joués dans l'émission :Youssoupha "Espérance de Vie", Noir d**** (2012)Lauryn Hill "To Zion", The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill (1998) Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Vous écoutez le podcast "Les interviews Histoire", notre émission hebdomadaire gratuite pour tous. Abonnez-vous à "Timeline 5.000 ans d'Histoire" et accédez à environ 350 podcasts d'1 heure pour seulement 2€ par mois sans Pub ! Avec une nouvelle émission chaque semaine : https://m.audiomeans.fr/s/S-tavkjvmo « En écrivant le récit de son histoire, la Révolution n'a pas seulement donné du rêve aux Français, elle a cherché les fondements de sa légitimité dans la geste de ses origines. Elle a placé si haut ses idéaux qu'elle a senti le besoin de montrer toujours la “terre promise” à l'horizon de ses conquêtes. Par leur vertige même, la souveraineté du peuple, la proclamation de la république, la décapitation du roi ont été autant de raisons à l'exaltation des pouvoirs tout neufs d'un régime qui enterre mille ans de monarchie. Il fallait les rendre visibles. Il fallait des mythes. »Emmanuel de Waresquiel, notre invité en studio, se penche sur les mémoires et les héritages de la Révolution française. Il en explique les raisons, les continuités, les déformations jusqu'à nos jours, à travers deux siècles de notre histoire. Il a choisi quelques moments « fondateurs » de 1789 et de la Terreur. On a glorifié le serment du Jeu de paume alors qu'il avait été prêté sous l'emprise de la peur. On a fait de la prise de la Bastille la première grande victoire du peuple quand la Bastille s'est rendue aux insurgés, on a célébré Valmy et Valmy était à peine une bataille. On a chanté la liberté et la fraternité sur tous les tons et on les a un peu oubliées, on a sanctifié la guillotine avant d'en mesurer toute l'horreur. Que nous dit la Révolution d'elle et de nous-mêmes, dans l'épaisseur de ses mémoires ? Les événements, les lieux, les symboles qu'elle a retenus à la construction d'un monde nouveau, leur célébration – ou leur diabolisation – par les régimes qui ont suivi n'ont souvent pas grand-chose à voir avec la perception que les révolutionnaires en avaient sur le moment.Acheter le livre

DIMANCHE 27 OCTOBRE 2024Jean-Valmy Nicolas - Château La Conseillante (Bordeaux)Le prestigieux Château La Conseillante, acquis par la famille Nicolas en 1871, veille sur son vignoble de 12 ha composé de 80 % de merlot et 20 % de cabernet franc. Situé entre Château Pétrus et Cheval Blanc, il bénéficie d'une diversité de sols et est certifié ISO 14001 et HVE 3 depuis 2016. Engagé pour l'environnement, le domaine utilise plus de 80 % de produits biologiques, privilégiant la biodynamie et la phytothérapie.Garance Thiénot - Champagne Thiénot (Champagne)À la croisée de la Côte des Blancs, de la vallée de la Marne et des Montagnes de Reims, Garance et Stanislas Thiénot perpétuent l'héritage de la Maison Thiénot, fondée en 1985 par leur père Alain. Avec un vignoble de 30 ha, ils innovent aujourd'hui avec le projet « 3 », une expérience immersive de 4 900 m², offrant visites guidées, espaces de détente, chambres luxueuses, spa et une suite 5 étoiles. Ce projet permet de découvrir des cuvées d'exception dans un cadre raffiné.Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

A l'occasion de sa nouvelle série « Alyah l'entendante », Post-Scriptum vous invite à une soirée d'écoute pour parler handicap et podcast !Comment s'exprimer dans le monde sonore quand on est sourd ? La radio peut-elle être une belle façon de redécouvrir le monde quand on a perdu la vue ?Lundi 21 octobre, à partir de 19h30, au Point Ephémère (200 quai de Valmy, Paris 10ème), nous vous proposons d'y réfléchir ensemble, autour d'une écoute collective et d'une table ronde ! Inscrivez-vous dès maintenant (soirée gratuite) sur ce lien ! Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

In this episode, we are speaking with Valmy Assam about her experience as a music therapist and what she enjoys most. She tells us more about an interesting journey she had which changed the trajectory of her career. Valmy also shares her thoughts about her future aspirations in and out of the field of music therapy. Here is a little more about Valmy: Valmy is a certified music therapist based in St. John's, Newfoundland working with Newfoundland Health Services in Mental Health, and in private practice, on a part-time basis. She uses a humanistic person-centered model while working with infants, adolescents, young adults, and adults to support their strengths while nurturing authentic relationships. Sing it Girls program Information Beyond the Studio, Sing it Girls and the Canadian Music Therapy Podcast were founded by Adrienne Pringle and Cathy Thompson. Adrienne is a Registered Psychotherapist and Certified Music Therapist with over years of clinical experience working as a music therapist in hospital palliative care, and hospice. She currently works in private practice with Beyond the Studio and CHM Therapy, as an educator and supervisor with Concordia and Wilfrid Laurier Universities. She serves on the Board of Directors for the Canadian Music Therapy Fund and is a past President of the Canadian Association of Music Therapists. Adrienne co-founded Beyond the Studio, Sing it Girls! and The Canadian Music Therapy Podcast with Cathy Thompson in 2013. Adrienne's clinical work is focused in mental health, wellness care, bereavement support, hospice palliative care, chronic illness, and using voice, song and music to support emotional and physical health across the lifespan. She created the Singing Well bereavement support group, her research in collaboration with Concordia university is published in the Summer 2018 issue of Bereavement Care. Her most recent publication, "Reflections on the Canadian Music Therapy Podcast: The First 40," can be found in the Canadian Journal of Music Therapy, 2023. Contact Adrienne for Supervision Cathy is a leader in business development across Canada. She is passionate about helping people discover their own talents and gifts in the areas of personal and professional development. She partnered with Adrienne to establish Beyond the Studio because of the vision of the organization. To nurture a love of music in all clients and students. Music is such a critical part of our world and Beyond the Studio offers a gateway in which people can experience more of it, through therapy and lessons. She has seen firsthand the joy and milestones that can be reached through music therapy. I'm excited that we are able to help more people through our psychotherapy services launched in the fall of 2023. Author of: The Dandelion: Secrets to Growing Your Successful Business from the Ground Up Buy Now! Publications: "Reflections on the Canadian Music Therapy Podcast: The First 40," can be found in the Canadian Journal of Music Therapy, 2023. Thompson, C., Girls Talk : An anti-stigma program for young women to promote understanding of and awareness about depression: Facilitator's manual, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. Canada.

durée : 00:58:43 - Le Cours de l'histoire - par : Xavier Mauduit, Maïwenn Guiziou - La prison royale de la Bastille ou la butte de Valmy font partie des champs de bataille les plus connus de la Révolution française. Comment ont-ils été transformés et déformés dans l'imaginaire collectif et la mémoire commune ? Comment sont-ils devenus des symboles et des mythes ? - réalisation : Thomas Beau - invités : Emmanuel de Waresquiel Historien, professeur à l'École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)

host: Alyson Stanfield In this episode of The Art Biz, host Alyson Stanfield talks with Debra about her dynamic journey as an artist and entrepreneur. Debra reflects on her career that spans teaching, studio work, decorative painting, and involvement with various communities. She shares the challenges she faced navigating the competitive art world, her time running Artifactory decorative painting studio in the Bay Area, and her eventual move to Los Angeles to support her husband's acting career, which also opened new opportunities for her. Debra emphasizes the importance of enthusiasm, showing up daily, and the step-by-step process of building an art career. She also touches on the benefits of engaging with people, the power of reaching out, and the satisfaction of participating in jury shows and contributing to the community.

L'œil de la nuit est une rencontre intimiste d'une heure avec une personnalité du monde de la culture, des arts et de l'artisanat sur son rapport à la création : écrivain, photographe, musicien, plasticien, styliste, illustrateurs, fleuriste, graffeur, chef...Pour cette première émission Claire reçoit : Aurelia Vuillermoz, directrice artistique, designer éditorial, conceptrice visuelle et co-fondatrice de l'atelier Valmy et Steph Toussaint  photographe et conceptrice IA.Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

This covers the first year of the War of the First Coalition, which ends with the "homicidal philanthropy of France."Brunswick's invasion, the battle of Valmy, the battle of Jemappes, Dumoriez's conquest of Belgium.  The creation of the Army of Italy, operations in the Rhineland and what life was like for those occupied by French Revolutionary armies.

Only 24% of French priests are willing to take the constitutional oath putting their allegiance to the state above that to Jesus and the Pope.  The Vendee is extra religious because of their relatively recent conversion from Calvinism. We have the the flight to Varrenes, Louis XVI's failed escape attempt, which leads to the Champ De Mars massacre.  We have the Pillnitz Declaration, leading to the war with Austria and Prussia, the Prussian invasion leads to the August 10 coup d'etat and the September massacres.  Then we have the Battle of Valmy and the French triumph over Austria at Jemappes and the consequent conquest of Belgium and push along the Rhine as far as Frankfurt.These successes contain the seeds of their own failure.  A broader war has begun, the Enraged have arisen.  The king is dead!  Long live the Republic!

Only 24% of French priests are willing to take the constitutional oath putting their allegiance to the state above that to Jesus and the Pope.  The Vendee is extra religious because of their relatively recent conversion from Calvinism. We have the the flight to Varrenes, Louis XVI's failed escape attempt, which leads to the Champ De Mars massacre.  We have the Pillnitz Declaration, leading to the war with Austria and Prussia, the Prussian invasion along with the Brunswick Manifesto (and some serious revolutionary plotting by Danton) leads to the August 10 coup d'etat and the September massacres.  Then we have the Battle of Valmy and the French triumph over Austria at Jemappes and the consequent conquest of Belgium and push along the Rhine as far as Frankfurt.These successes contain the seeds of their own failures.  A broader war has begun, the Enraged have arisen.  The king is dead!  Long live the Republic!

Originally Recorded December 18th, 2023Check out Valmy's music: https://valmymusic.com/https://open.spotify.com/artist/6rrDEcQuIMiBQHRkZ7sF6o?si=yD7RM5JdTTiOM2sbjXyJOgThe song played at the end is “There Was Quiet” This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit musicallyspeaking.substack.com

Alessandro Barbero è intervistato dagli studenti del Liceo Avogrado di Biella, intervista a cura di Simone Sanna. Crediti, Liceo Avogrado Biella: https://www.youtube.com/@liceoavogadroBI Fonte: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHojr5RsHPI --- // Disclaimer // Tutti gli audio sono utilizzati negli episodi dopo previo consenso e accordo con i distributori originali di altre piattaforme, distribuiti liberamente e originariamente con licenze CC BY 4.0 e affini, registrati in loco; viene sempre riportata la fonte se possibile. I titoli potrebbero differire in caso di titoli troppo lunghi o estratti. Per qualsiasi dubbio o problema contattateci PER FAVORE prima alla nostra mail: vassallidibarbero[@]gmail[dot]com - Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A celebration of some of the incredible moments from the podcast so far, and a top notch playlist of Zak's favourite cuts from the show, featuring, Mary Beth Carty (marybethcarty.com) Cameron Chisholm Aquakultre (aquakulre.info) Terra Spencer (terraspencer.ca) Rebecca Fairless (rebeccafairless.com) Chris Robison (chrisrobison1.bandcamp.com) Corey Isenor (coreyisenor.bandcamp.com) Sam WIlson (samwilsonmusiq.com) Gina Burgess (ginaburgess.com) Sarah McInnis (sarahmcinnis.com) Ryan C Stanley (rcstanleymusic.com) Graham Nicholas (grahamnicholas.ca) Factory Girls (lauramerrimenmusic.bandcamp.com) Valmy (valmymusic.com) George Woodhouse (georgewoodhouse.com) Kelly McMichael (kellymcmichael.com) Stephen Fearing (stephenfearing.ca) Sunny Chances (sunnychances.bandcamp.com Kim Joy Lake (kimjoylake.com) Old Man Luedecke (oldmanluedecke.ca) Steve Rutchinski (youtube.com/srutchinski)

Miquel Aguirre director del Museu Memorial de l'Exili de la Jonquera, ens presenta l'homenatge a Sergi Barba que hi haurà dissabte 27 de gener al Castell de Valmy d'Argelers.

Découvrez l'épisode la bataille de Valmy, lors de laquelle l'armée révolutionnaire va devoir affronter l'armée prussienne et, contre toute attente, la mettre en déroute! Pour obtenir l'épisode en entier, abonnez-vous sur http://conte-moi-l-histoire.fr avant le 1er janvier 2024, ou achetez le pack Révolution Française.

Demain à Paris se déroule un marché de noël pour chiens. C'est organisé quai de Valmy par le magazine "Bâtard", qui allie culture et amour des chiens. Ce sera une journée pour trouver des colliers, des laisses, des jouets et le soir danser en écoutant des groupes comme Museau ou Musique Chienne. Accompagné de son chien bien sûr. Ecoutez Pas folle la bête du 08 décembre 2023 avec Yolaine de la Bigne.

Recorded live on stage at Full Circle Festival 2023, Songwriters Valmy, George Woodhouse and Kelly McMichael join host Zakary Miller to talk about each other's music, their birthplaces, Pingu, and how life makes its way into their songs. Special Thanks to Full Circle Festival (fullcirclefestival.ca) Valmy Bandcamp: valmy.bandcamp.com George Woodhouse Bandcamp: georgewoodhouse.bandcamp.com Kelly McMichael Bandcamp: kellymcmichael.bandcamp.com

C'est une bataille qui sauva la révolution française ! La bataille de Valmy en 1792 ! Pourquoi ne pas la revivre ? Rendez-vous dans la Marne, tout près de l'A4 en compagnie de Laurine Desfargeas

La vie trépidante d'Eugène-François Vidocq aurait pu inspirer les romanciers populaires du XIXe siècle, comme Eugène Sue ou Ponson du Terrail, le père de Rocambole. Et, de fait, l'existence de cet homme, né en 1775, est bien celle d'un personnage de roman.Né dans une famille de la petite bourgeoisie, il subtilise les couverts en argent de sa famille et se retrouve en prison dès l'âge de douze ans. Cette leçon ne lui ayant guère servi, il vole l'argent de ses parents et fuit le domicile paternel.Il est alors embauché dans un cirque, où il joue les saltimbanques. Puis il s'engage dans l'armée, où il participe aux batailles de la Révolution, comme Valmy et Jemmapes.Mais Vidocq retourne vite à ses vieux démons. En 1796, il est à nouveau arrêté, cette fois-ci pour des activités de faussaire. Et ce n'est plus une prison ordinaire qui l'attend, mais le bagne, à Brest d'abord puis à Toulon.Mais il réussit à s'en évader plusieurs fois, ce qui lui vaut une flatteuse réputation dans les milieux de la pègre.Alors qu'il est arrêté une nouvelle fois, en 1809, il propose à la police de lui servir d'indicateur. Ses services lui valent une rapide promotion. Le préfet de police lui propose en effet la direction officieuse de la brigade de sûreté.Les agents de cette branche de la police parisienne, qui sont, pour l'essentiel, d'anciens repris cde justice, doivent infiltrer les bandes de malfrats qui écument alors la capitale.Et, dans son nouveau rôle, Vidocq fait merveille. Ancien délinquant lui-même, il a une excellente connaissance de ce milieu. Il jouit en outre d'une mémoire infaillible, qui lui permet de reconnaître, au premier coup d'œil, toute personne déjà rencontrée, fût-ce une seule fois.Quant à sa science du déguisement, elle lui évite d'être reconnu lui-même. En 1818, il est gracié par Louis XVIII et recouvre tous ses droits. Il démissionne de ses fonctions en 1827 et fait paraître, l'année suivante, des "Mémoires" promises à un grand succès. Il meurt en 1857. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

La vie trépidante d'Eugène-François Vidocq aurait pu inspirer les romanciers populaires du XIXe siècle, comme Eugène Sue ou Ponson du Terrail, le père de Rocambole. Et, de fait, l'existence de cet homme, né en 1775, est bien celle d'un personnage de roman. Né dans une famille de la petite bourgeoisie, il subtilise les couverts en argent de sa famille et se retrouve en prison dès l'âge de douze ans. Cette leçon ne lui ayant guère servi, il vole l'argent de ses parents et fuit le domicile paternel. Il est alors embauché dans un cirque, où il joue les saltimbanques. Puis il s'engage dans l'armée, où il participe aux batailles de la Révolution, comme Valmy et Jemmapes. Mais Vidocq retourne vite à ses vieux démons. En 1796, il est à nouveau arrêté, cette fois-ci pour des activités de faussaire. Et ce n'est plus une prison ordinaire qui l'attend, mais le bagne, à Brest d'abord puis à Toulon. Mais il réussit à s'en évader plusieurs fois, ce qui lui vaut une flatteuse réputation dans les milieux de la pègre. Alors qu'il est arrêté une nouvelle fois, en 1809, il propose à la police de lui servir d'indicateur. Ses services lui valent une rapide promotion. Le préfet de police lui propose en effet la direction officieuse de la brigade de sûreté. Les agents de cette branche de la police parisienne, qui sont, pour l'essentiel, d'anciens repris cde justice, doivent infiltrer les bandes de malfrats qui écument alors la capitale. Et, dans son nouveau rôle, Vidocq fait merveille. Ancien délinquant lui-même, il a une excellente connaissance de ce milieu. Il jouit en outre d'une mémoire infaillible, qui lui permet de reconnaître, au premier coup d'œil, toute personne déjà rencontrée, fût-ce une seule fois. Quant à sa science du déguisement, elle lui évite d'être reconnu lui-même. En 1818, il est gracié par Louis XVIII et recouvre tous ses droits. Il démissionne de ses fonctions en 1827 et fait paraître, l'année suivante, des "Mémoires" promises à un grand succès. Il meurt en 1857. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Wojny rewolucyjnej Francji oraz wojny napoleońskie stanowią jeden trwający 23 lata ciąg europejskich konfliktów rozpoczętych w roku 1792. Gdy rewolucja się zaczynała, a francuski lud atakował Bastylię, Bonaparte miał zaledwie 20 lat, i już był podporucznikiem artylerii. Wydarzenia związane z rewolucją musimy w tym odcinku oczywiście zostawić tu na boku. Dla naszego bohatera i dalszej historii Europy istotne jest to, że gdy ma lat 23 w roku 1792 w kraju zostaje obalona monarchia i wybucha pierwsza od 30 lat wojna w której będą ważyć się losy Francji. Rewolucjoniści sami prowokują konflikty z sąsiadami sądząc że ich idee mogą roznieść się na skostniałe ościenne monarchie. Austria i Prusy zapowiadają że będą dążyć do przywrócenia świętego porządku i faktycznie są tego bliskie. We wrześniu 1792 roku armia pruska jest blisko Paryża, ale rewolucyjne wojska bronią się pod Valmy.

Jean-Luc Chandler pasteur et directeur de la communication à la fédération des églises adventistes de la Martinique présente "Effusion" le mardi à 19h sur Espérance fm.

Heute erzählt uns Flo etwas über den »Mutigsten der Mutigen«. Geboren in Saarlouis am 10.01.1769 legte Michel Ney eine beeindruckende Karriere hin und stieg vom Sohn eines Küfers zum Herzog von Elchingen und Fürsten von der Moskwa auf und wurde zu einem der bedeutendsten Militärs unter Napoleon und einem Helden Frankreichs. Dabei halfen ihm sein Charakter, eine Menge Dusel und umfangreiche Veränderungen im französischen Militärwesen, die durch die Revolution von 1789 möglich wurden. Das und vieles mehr erkunden wir auf diesem Parforceritt über die Schlachtfelder der Koalitionskriege, von Valmy über Moskau bis nach Waterloo.Heute erzählt uns Flo etwas über den “Mutigsten der Mutigen”. Michel Ney wurde am 10.01.1769 in Saarlouis geboren und machte eine beeindruckende Karriere vom Sohn eines Küfers über den Herzog von Elchingen und Fürsten der Moskwa bis hin zu einem der wichtigsten Militärs unter Napoleon und einem Helden Frankreichs. Dabei halfen ihm sein Charakter, viel Pech und große Veränderungen im französischen Militärwesen, die durch die Revolution von 1789 möglich wurden. All das und noch viel mehr erfahren wir auf dieser Reise über die Schlachtfelder der Koalitionskriege, von Valmy über Moskau bis nach Waterloo.

This is the fourth in a series of five episodes regarding the French Revolution.  This episode focuses on the rise of the Jacobin despot Maximillian Robespierre who will outmaneuver the National Convention in an effort to consolidate rule beneath his faction.  The September Massacre, the creation of the Guillotine, the battle of Valmy, and the trial/execution of King Louis XVI is all covered.   Contact the show at resourcesbylowery@gmail.com  If you would like to financially support the show, please use the following paypal link. Or remit PayPal payment to @Lowery80 Any support is greatly appreciated and will be used to make future episodes of the show even better.   Expect new shows to drop on Wednesday morning except for during the Winter Break period and Summer. Music is licensed through Epidemic Sound  

Hello! Join in as we begin the month of Germany with a look at Charles William Ferdinand the unsung hero of the French Revolution.  Why is he unsung? Well because he is the one that made the fateful decision to retreat at the battle of Valmy, accidentally saving the Revolution.  Find out about the legendary general who made 2 really important decisions in his life that changed the course of history.

REDIFF - Avec Danton on explore la Révolution française, sur les traces d'un géant. "Pour vaincre, il nous faut de l'audace, encore de l'audace, toujours de l'audace, et la France sera sauvée !". L'homme qui a prononcé ces mots énergiques à la veille de la bataille de Valmy est une force de la nature, un colosse, un tribun hors pair, qui déploie des torrents d'éloquence de sa voix de stentor.

On the eve of the Invasion of France in August 1792, the courts of the First Coalition were maintaining an uneasy alliance. Events in Poland had reinforced the long-standing distrust between the courts of Berlin, Vienna, and St. Petersburg, and developments in the east would fundamentally alter the trajectory of the allies' advance. This episode examines how events in Poland impacted the Prussian invasion, as well as the nature of the army that marched with the Duke of Brunswick. We'll also explore the key battles of 1792, including Valmy and Jemappes, along with the amazing highs and lows of the campaign. Finally, we will unpack how the military situation in late 1792 dramatically impacted the politics of the new French Republic, leading to a renewed determination to wage a crusade for universal liberty.Episode Extra: The Battle(s) of ValmyExplore not only the original Battle of Valmy, but the highly contested historical debate surrounding the skirmish. Historians differ massively on how to interpret the events of September 20, 1792, so this will be full of Grey (Military) History!Access the episode extra here:https://www.patreon.com/posts/episode-extra-1-69517375Support the Show & Access Bonus Content:https://www.patreon.com/greyhistoryWish to make a one-off donation to support Grey History?https://ko-fi.com/greyhistorySend your questions, praise, and scorn here:https://greyhistory.com/contact/Sign Up for the Newsletter:https://mailchi.mp/0e846e8d26f5/grey-history-newsletterFollow on Social Media:https://www.facebook.com/greyhistorypodcastshttps://www.instagram.com/greyhistorypodcasts/https://twitter.com/greyhistorypod

Let's learn about 2 of Napoleon's "honorary" Marshals - Kellerman, Duke of Valmy and Perignon, Marquise of Grenade! --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

La calor s'ha instal·lat a Catalunya Nord i avui, de nou, hauríem de registrar valors pròxims als 40 graus. En aquests moments també fa calor a les nits. A la zona del Cap de Biarra es va batre el rècord de temperatures pel mes de juny, durant la nit de dimarts a dimecres a 2h30 de la matinada. És durant aquella nit que es va produir un fort temporal amb ventades de més de 100 km/h. Un llamp va provocar un incendi a Montoriol, als Aspres. Aquest incendi s'ha produït en un moment en què el risc d'incendis és alt. Demà els bombers del Servei departamental d'incendis i de socors començaran a aplicar el dispositiu preventiu de focs forestals. Al principat de Catalunya el foc està devastant algunes comarques. És el cas a la Noguera, on un incendi ha cremat unes 500 hectàrees al municipi d'Artesa de Segre. Arriba la primera gran cita musical de l'estiu a Catalunya Nord. Avui s'estrena el festival Bacchus al castell de Valmy, a Argelers de la Marenda.És la nova proposta de la Frontera Produccions que organitza també Les Déferlantes o el festival Live au Campo. Els Dijous de Perpinyà s'han acabat, seran substituïts per Les Rayonnantes, unes cites musicals els dimarts i dijous. El combat d'Oriol Junqueras per ser reconegut com a eurodiputat de ple dret continua. Avui coneixerem les conclusions de l'Advocat General de la Unió Europea sobre aquest cas. La decisió que acabi prenent el Tribunal de Justícia de la UE sobre Junqueras podria ser important també per Carles Puigdemont, Toni Comín i Clara Ponsatí que tenen procediments semblants oberts al Tribunal General de la UE.

Den franska främlingslegionens mest legendomspunna krigsinsats var det skoningslösa försvaret av den franska stödjepunkten i nordöstra Vietnam 1954. Slaget vid Dien Bien Puh 13 mars till 7 maj 1954 kommer alltid att förknippas med legionen och blev ett bevis för förbandets kompromisslösa lojalitet. Inte mindre än 1 500 legionärer stupade under slaget. Legionen förlorade inte mindre än 10 500 man i striderna i Vietnam.Legionen skapades som en lösning på de problem man hade i Frankrike 1830 med utländska militära förband som kunde användas av maktmissbrukande diktatorer eller monarker. I legionen samlades alla de utländska militärer som tidigare varit en del av bland annat det rojalistiska schweizergardet.I denna nymixade repris av Militärhistoriepodden samtalar historikern Martin Hårdstedt och idéhistorikern Peter Bennesved om legionens ursprung och utveckling från dess tillkomst under 1800-talet till idag.Den franska främlingslegionen har alltid haft ett speciellt rykte omkring sig. Tusentals unga män har genom legionens nästan tvåhundraåriga historia sökt sig till det legendariska militära förbandet i jakt på äventyr, bort från fattigdom och arbetslöshet eller från rättvisan och hot om fängelsestraff.Legionen fyller i dagens Frankrike en lite annan roll och tillåter till skillnad från tidigare numera soldater med franskt medborgarskap. Legionen är i dagens franska krigsmakt ett tydligt elitförband med särskilda krav. Men så har det inte alltid varit. Största delen av dem som tjänstgjort i legionen har faktiskt varit tyskar och legionen har sitt rykte till trots och sin hårda utbildning inte alltid varit att betrakta som ett elitförband.Inom legionen byggs en särskild sammanhållning. Främlingslegionens medlemmar blir del av en gemenskap som går utanför nationell lojalitet. De blir del av en ny familj. ”Legionen är vårt fosterland!” uttrycker legionärerna saken. Soldaterna förväntas kompromisslös lojalitet mot legionens hederskodex och lojalitet mot andra legionärer. Denna sammanhållning har under legionens historia varit en avgörande tillgång. Men vad innebär det egentligen?Främlingslegionen blev 1961 en del av den franska inrikespolitiken då legionen deltog i en hotande statskupp därför att man motsatte sig att Algeriet blev självständigt. Frågan är om lojaliteten då blev ett problem?Främlingslegionen har satts in under århundraden där franska intressen har varit hotade: Algeriet, Krim, Mexiko, Indokina. Från sin bas i Algeriet kunde legionen sändas ut över i stort sätt hela världen för att tjäna Frankrike.Främlingslegionen och förekomsten av legosoldater är en intressant företeelse som för tankarna till dagens privata militära organisationer som Blackwater som tillhandahåller tjänster militär karaktär. Vilken funktion har dessa organisationer? Vilken lojalitet har dessa organisationers medlemmar?Lyssna också på Napoleons uppgång och fall i det revolutionära Frankrike samt Valmy 1792 – slaget som vände historien. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

▪️Nació en Caracas un 23 de mayo de 1976. Su madre, Danielle Feldman es originaria de Saint Gauden, Francia, emigró en los años 50 a Venezuela, mismo año en él que nació, ya que su padre trabajaba para la empresa Schlumberger. ▪️Jerry Elie, el padre de Philip, llega a Venezuela con su familia en 1957, expulsados de Egipto, por mandato de Nasser, tras la crisis del canal de Suez y la guerra del Sinaí. ▪️En 1958 su abuelo, Salomón Elie, fundó Drocosca , empresa dedicada a la elaboración, distribución y comercialización de cosméticos y creadores de la marca Valmy, inspirada en la batalla de Valmy. ▪️Las riendas de la empresa tras su fallecimiento en 1974 la tomaron Jerry y su cuñado David. ▪️En 1970 contraen nupcias Danielle y Jerry, formando una familia de cuatro. Philip estudió en el colegio comunitario, y se graduó en Lynn University, mención Mercadeo y Negocios. También realizó un MBA en FAU. ▪️En 2003, ya casado con Britt Belferman y tras el nacimiento de su primer hijo, nombrado como el abuelo, Salomón, regresaron a Venezuela para trabajar en el negocio familiar. ▪️En 2014 decidieron migrar con sus tres hijos a USA, para lo cual adquirió como inversión una pequeña fábrica de pintura de uñas. En 2015 nació su cuarta hija, Grace. ▪️En 2019, cuando les tocó renovar su visa, lo hicieron en París. Tras una larga espera de más de tres meses, su visa fue negada, esperando la apelación, se quedaron solo con Grace quien tenia 4 años. ▪️En marzo de 2020, con la llegada de la pandemia, quedaron separados de sus hijos. Después de unos largos nueve meses, lograron tomar un vuelo humanitario a París y tramitaron nuevamente su visa, la cual para su sorpresa, fue nuevamente negada. ▪️Decidieron ir a República Dominicana con los niños, hasta que finalmente en Mayo del 2021 fueron aprobados, pudiendo regresar a los Estados Unidos. ▪️Esta larga odisea del #sueñoamericano les dejó muchas enseñanzas, las cuales Philip piensa es importante compartir, y encontrar semejanzas en su pasado y su historia familiar. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/tamara-kassab/support

We're into the slide into the most destructive of the series of wars of that rocked the eighteenth century. It would be a war that had a devastating effect on most of Europe. It was also the last war between Britain and France, and by far the biggest. But, oddly enough, in the run up to it William Pitt had worked hard, and with an apparently high degree of success, to rebuild Britain's status as a world power and to use that status to ensure that the whole continent was at peace, and stayed that way. Indeed, apart from a certain intransigence from the Russians, the only factor that denied him complete success was the refusal of the House of Commons to back him on the last key step in his plans. Shades of his defeats in 1784… Although, given the slide to war, all of that effort for peace was a little irrelevant. Events way beyond Pitt's control were driving Europe towards war. They were happening in France, where the revolution was still far from over. Illustration: The Battle of Valmy, September 20th, 1792, by Horace Vernet. This was the surprising victory of the French revolutionary forces over the Prussian, a sign of things to come… Public domain. Published anywhere (or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office) before 1927 and public domain in the U.S. Music: Bach Partita #2c by J Bu licensed under an Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives (aka Music Sharing) 3.0 International License

Aujourd'hui, avec Danton on explore la Révolution française, sur les traces d'un géant. "Pour vaincre, il nous faut de l'audace, encore de l'audace, toujours de l'audace, et la France sera sauvée !". L'homme qui a prononcé ces mots énergiques à la veille de la bataille de Valmy est une force de la nature, un colosse, un tribun hors pair, qui déploie des torrents d'éloquence de sa voix de stentor. Chaque samedi dans "Entrez dans l'Histoire" de 13h30 à 14h30 sur RTL, Lorànt Deutsch nous fait voyager dans le temps et trace avec sa faconde inimitable le portrait d'une grande figure de l'Histoire.

S3 E1- Living a Purpose-driven Life Pt. 2What does it mean to live a purpose-driven life.Question, Did you exist before your purpose or do you exist because of your purpose.Join us as we seek to understand this intriguing question. We also get to hear from Valmy Karemera another good friend of the ATP. He shares his personal story and how it shaped his purpose in life.

S3 E1- Living a Purpose-driven LifeWhat does it mean to live a purpose-driven life?Question, Did you exist before your purpose or do you exist because of your purpose.Join us as we seek to understand this intriguing question. We also get to hear from Valmy Karemera another good friend of the ATP. He shares his personal story and how it shaped his purpose in life.

1792. July, August, September: three months in which the French win a surprising first victory at Valmy… A fevered atmosphere in Paris leads to the removal of the King and the founding of a Republic… And in eastern Europe Russia has its way with Poland with a disaster for King Stanislaus now in the offing. This is episode three of the Napoleonic Quarterly, in which the myth of the irresistible French revolutionary spirit on the battlefield has been well and truly born. [05:28] - David Andress on the fevered atmosphere in Paris, the radicals' march on the Tuileries and the September Massacres [20:43] - Rafe Blaufarb on the unexpected French victory against the Austrians and Prussians at Valmy [37:00] - Adam Zamoyski on the disastrous consequences of the Russo-Polish War for Poland Plus Alexander Stevenson is joined by Charles Esdaile and Alexander Mikaberidze throughout for analysis and expert summaries - and from [48:31] an assessment of the state of play on 30 September 1792.

En este Corito Histórico, los muchachos Javier Lara (En Twitter: @vzla_apesta) y Doriann Márquez (En Twitter: @Hostioso0294), siguen contando la interesante y polémica vida de Francisco de Miranda, el Generalísimo Precursor de la Independencia. #ElCoritoHistórico #FranciscoDeMiranda #RevoluciónFrancesa En este episodio tocamos el capítulo de sus heroicas acciones durante el periodo de la Revolución Francesa al servicio de esta nación en las guerras que tuvo contra los otros estados absolutistas europeos. Iniciamos con un Miranda en Londres siendo presentado al primer ministro británico William Pitt, a quién le muestra su plan de emancipación de la América Española bajo el nombre de “Colombeia". Un plan muy bueno en papel, pero que le pedía a los ingleses demasiado, lo cuál hizo que le descartaran su ayuda en este. Tras esta frustración, nuestro precursor decide ir a París. En la ciudad luz, sus amistades lo hacen contactar con buena sintonía con importantes personajes de poder como Jérome Petión, alcalde de París, y diputados del partido Girondino que lo convencen de unirse al ejército francés en la guerra contra Austria y Prusia. Así vamos a sus acciones de guerra, primero en Morthomme, para luego ser parte importante como segundo de Dumouriez en la decisiva victoria francesa en la Batalla de Valmy, punto más álgido de su carrera militar y razón por la que está hoy en el Arco del Triunfo. Tras la traición de Dumouriez en Neerwinden, es hecho prisionero en momentos de tensión por el triunfo de los Jacobinos de Robespierre que estuvieron a punto de ejecutarlo pese a su inocencia, y lo mantienen 2 años en prisión, hasta que la caída de estos lleva a su liberación, y a su ida de Francia, poniendo la mirada una vez más en su continente natal. Suscríbete tanto al canal como al Patreon de Daniel Lara Farías para vernos en estreno exclusivo, comenta, da like, síguenos en twitter, recomiéndanos, sugiere temas, quédate en tu casa, y vacila. Este episodio es traído gracias a nuestros aliados comerciales y panas de Abastos La Venezolana C.A. (En IG @abastoslavenezolana) con la cerveza más fría de Caracas allá en Capuchinos, y Charqxpress (@charqxpress) los que te envían la mejor charcutería directo adónde estés para que desayune al mejor precio y así no agarres COVID-19, o una arrechera porque te encontraste frente al FAES Jacobino. El Corito Histórico en Instagram: https://instagram.com/elcoritohistorico_ Patreon de Daniel Lara Farías: https://patreon.com/dlaraf --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/coritohistorico/message

ART INTERVIEW les lundi et jeudi à 14h. A l'occasion de l'exposition "BUNTE ART" du 7 au 30 juin au MUCA, Musée d'art Urbain et contemporain de Munich, rencontre avec Laurence de Valmy qui expose une toile illustrant la relation particulière qui existait entre Andy Warhol et l'éditeur Hubert Burda, fondateur du magazine allemand BUNTE. L'exposition invite plusieurs artistes d'art contemporain sur la question de la relation de l'art et des médias et fait un focus sur l'histoire du célèbre magazine allemand BUNTE qui a inspiré une toile à Andy Warhol en 1983, History and Magazines, qui sera présentée au coeur de l'exposition. Laurence de Valmy est une artiste française qui vit et travaille à Philadelphie. Son travail porte sur la relation entre l'art et les technologies modernes et plus précisément sur l'utilisation des médias sociaux par les artistes. Sa série POST partage les histoires d'artistes célèbres à travers des Instagram peints du passé. Elle a été récompensée par une résidence d'artiste de l'ESKFF à Mana Contemporary (USA) pour son projet. Elle est représentée par Azart Gallery (NY), Kahn Gallery (Londres) et bG Gallery (L.A., USA) laurencedevalmy.com | FB |  Instagram | LinkedinHébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

Back on the mainland, 1792 saw the revolution face an existential crisis, which gave birth to a new new kind of army. Topics include Count Guibert and his theory of the citizen-soldier, the Battle of Valmy, and the foundation of the First Republic. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

The title of this 132nd episode is “Off with Their Heads.”In this installment, we give a brief review of the French Revolution, which may not seem at first blush to have much to do with Church History. Ahh, but it does. For this reason: What we see in the French Revolution is a proto-typical example of the Church, by which the institutional church, not necessarily the Christian Gospel and Faith, collided with Modernity.Some astute CS subscribers may take exception to this, but I'll say it anyway è In the French Revolution we see the boomerang of the Enlightenment that sprang FROM the Renaissance, come back round to give the Church a mighty slap in the face. The Renaissance opened the door to new ways of thinking, which led first to the Reformation, which cracked the Roman Church's monopoly on religion and made it possible for people to not only believe differently, but to go even further to choose not to believe at all. Rationalism may have ended up agnostic and atheistic, but it didn't begin there. Some of the first and greatest scientists worked their science in the context of a Biblical worldview, as we've shown in previous episodes. And the earliest rationalist philosophers based their work on the evolving theology of Protestant scholastics.It was during the French Revolution when the dog bit the hand that had fed it. Or maybe better, when the lion mauled its trainer.The French monarch Louis XVI was a weak ruler and an inept politician. Economic conditions grew worse, especially for the poor, while of the king and his court were profligate in spending. In a desperate need to raise funds, the king convened the Estates General, the French parliament.It was composed of three orders, three Estates; the clergy, the nobility and the middle-class bourgeoisie. Louis' advisors suggested he enlarge that Third Estate of the middle class so he could coerce the other two estates of clergy and nobility to comply with his request for more taxes. The ranks of the clergy were then enlarged as well by adding many parish priests to offset the bishops who were largely drawn from the French nobility. These priests were no friend to the nobles.When the assembly gathered in early May, 1789, the Third Estate had more members than the other two combined. And among the clergy less than a third were nobles. The Third Estate insisted the Parliament function as a single chamber. The Clergy and Nobility were used to operating separately so that there were three votes. They usually united to vote down anything the Third Estate of the Middle class came up with. A row ensued, but when priests sided with middle class members, it was decided things would be decided by a united house and simple majority vote. The nobility balked so Priests and Bourgeoisie formed anew body they called the National Assembly, claiming they were now the legal government and represented the nation. Two days later the entire Clergy joined the National Assembly.The economy worsened, and hunger was widespread. Fearing what the National Assembly might do, the Crown ordered it to disband and forcibly closed the doors. Its members refused to comply and continued working on a new Constitution. The king moved troops to the outskirts of Paris and deposed a prominent and popular member of the opposition government named Jacques Necker. Parisians expressed their outrage by rioting in a bout of civil unrest that reached a climax on July 14, when they took the Bastille, a fortress that served as an armory, bunker, and prison for those who'd run afoul of the Crown.From that point on, things moved quickly toward full-fledged revolution. Three days later the king capitulated and recognized the authority of the National Assembly as the new government. The Assembly then issued the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, which became foundational to democratic movements in France and other nations. But when Louis reneged and refused to accept the Assembly's decisions, Paris rioted yet again. The royal family became prisoners in the capital.The National Assembly then moved to reorganized France's government, economy, and religion. The most important step in this was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, put into effect in 1790.For centuries the French church had been governed by Gallican liberties, protecting it from interference by Rome. French bishops had a buddy-system with the French Throne. But now, with the Crown gutted of authority, the National Assembly assumed the role in the Church the king had played. Recognizing the need for reform, they set to work. A the peak of church hierarchy were members of the aristocracy. These prelates weren't used to the real work of shepherding God's flock. Their seat was a matter of income and prestige, pomp and ceremony. Monasteries and abbeys had become private clubs filled with debauchery. Abbots were known, not for their simple homespun smocks and bare feet, but for their excessive luxury and crafty political intrigues.Some members of the Assembly wanted to reform the church. Others were convinced the Church and the Faith it was supposed to stand as the eternal servant of, was naught but a lot of hog-wash, silly superstition from times long past, and ought now be swept away. Those voices were few at first, but their numbers grew and took the foreground later in the Revolution.Most of the measures the Assembly proposed aimed at reform of the Church. But the deeper challenge leveled by some was, did the Assembly even have authority to make changes? Since when did the civil government have a say in Church affairs? And hold on – since the Reformation introduced a divide between Protestants and Catholics, which church was being addressed? A suggestion was made to call a council of French bishops. But the Assembly quashed that because it put power back in the hands of aristocratic bishops. Others suggested the Pope be invited to weigh in. But the French were reluctant to surrender their Gallicanism by giving Rome a foothold.Pope Pius VI sent word to Louis XVI the new Constitution was something he'd never accept. The king feared the Assembly's reaction if they found out about the Pope's resistance so he kept it secret. Then, at the insistence of the Assembly, the king agreed to the Constitution, but announced his approval was contingent on the Pope signing off. The Assembly tired of the delay and decreed that all who held ecclesiastical office had to swear allegiance to the Constitution. Those who declined would be deposed.The Church was divided.You see, in theory, those who refused were to suffer no more than a loss of office. On the basis of the Assembly's declaration on rights, they couldn't be deprived of their freedom of thought. And anyone who wanted to maintain them as their clergy were welcome to do so. But they were on their own. Those who signed on to the new Constitution would be supported by the state. à Again, all that was in theory. In practice, those who refused to swear allegiance were persecuted and branded as dangerous counterrevolutionaries.Revolutionary movements gained strength across Europe. Such movements in the Low Countries and Switzerland failed, but monarchs and the nobility feared the French movement would spread to other lands. That inspired French radicals to more extreme measures. In 1791, the National Assembly morphed into the Legislative Assembly, with far fewer voices calling for moderation. Half a year later, France went to war with Austria and Prussia—beginning a long series of armed conflicts that continued till the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815.The day after securing victory at the Battle of Valmy, the Legislative Assembly again reformed into the National Convention. In its first session, the Convention abolished the monarchy and announced the French Republic. Four months later, the king was accused of treason, convicted and executed.But that didn't put an end to France's problems. The economy was in shambles in every village, town, and city. Every social class suffered. But the peasants suffered most, as they always do. They revolted. Fear of foreign invasion grew. All this led to a wave of terror where everybody was suspected of counterrevolutionary conspiracies, and many major figures of the revolution were put to death one after another at the guillotine.Combined with all this was a strong reaction against Christianity, of all stripes. The new leaders of the revolution were convinced they were prophets and engineers of a New Age where science and reason would overcome superstition and religion. They claimed that as the new age was born, time had come to leave behind the silly ideas of the old.The Revolution created its own religion, called first the Cult of Reason; later the Cult of the Supreme Being. By then the Constitution with its rights for individuals was forgotten. The revolution wanted nothing to do with the Church. The calendar was changed to a more “reasonable” one where a week was 10 days and months were named after nature. Elaborate spectacles were staged to celebrate the new age of reason and new holidays were established to replace the old religious ones. Temples to Reason were built to replace churches, and a list of saints was issued—among whom were Socrates, Marcus Aurelius, and Rousseau. New rites were devised for weddings, funerals and the dedication of children, not to God but to philosophical ideals like Liberty.As I record this, and you listen, with whatever activity you're doing, all these radical rationalist ideas may seem ridiculous, in light of their short lifespan. Like demanding everyone suddenly call red blue, and blue is from now on going to be called green. Just because we say so. It would be ridiculous, were it not for the fact they were deadly earnest about it and killed thousands for no more reason than being under suspicion of calling their changes absurd.“Off with their heads” became a slogan that literally saw people slipped under the guillotine's blade. Christian worship was supposedly permitted; but any priest who refused to swear before the altar of Freedom was accused of being a counterrevolutionary and sent to the guillotine. Somewhere between two and five thousand priests were executed, as well as dozens of nuns and countless laypeople. Many died in prison. In the end, no distinction was made between those who'd sworn allegiance to the Constitution, those who refused to, and Protestants. Although the reign of terror ended in 1795, the government continued to oppose Christianity. Where ever French troops marched and asserted their presence, their policies followed. In 1798, they invaded Italy and captured Pope Pius VI, taking him to France as a prisoner.Napoleon, who risen through the ranks of the French army, became ruler of France in November of 1799. He believed the best policy for France was to seek a reconciliation with the Catholic Church, and opened negotiations with the new pope, Pius VII. In 1801, the papacy and French government agreed to a Concordat that allowed the Church and State to work together to appoint bishops. Three years later, Napoleon decided he wanted to be more than just the First Consul of France, and fancied the title “Emperor.” He had Pope Pius officiate his coronation. Then Napoleon turned around and decreed religious freedom for Protestants.So, Pope and Emperor fell out wit one another and France once again invaded Italy ending with the Pope again in chains. But in his captivity Pius refused to endorse Napoleon's actions. He was especially critical of his divorce from Josephine. Pius remained a prisoner until Napoleon's fall, when he was restored to his seat at Rome. There he proclaimed a general amnesty for all enemies, and interceded for Napoleon before his British conquerors.