Podcasts about Nubians

In this compelling episode of History Rage, host Paul Bavill is joined by the insightful Luke Pepera, broadcaster, anthropologist, and author of "Motherland," as they delve into the rich tapestry of African history that often goes unrecognised. Together, they challenge the pervasive myths surrounding the continent's past, particularly the notion that Africa's significance began only with European contact. Shattering Misconceptions:Luke passionately argues against the portrayal of Africa as a mere backdrop to European narratives, highlighting the continent's profound historical relevance and its role in global dynamics long before colonisation.He emphasises the importance of recognising Africa's diverse civilisations, such as the Nubians and the Mali Empire, which played pivotal roles in trade and cultural exchange.Exploring Ancient Civilisations:Listeners are introduced to the remarkable achievements of ancient African societies, including the Kushites and the wealth of the Mali Empire, showcasing their contributions to art, science, and trade.Luke recounts the story of Mansa Musa, whose legendary wealth and influence reshaped global perceptions of Africa during the 14th century.Matriarchal Societies and Oral Traditions:Discover the fascinating matriarchal structures in ancient African societies, highlighting figures like Queen Amanirenas of Nubia, who defied Roman power and exemplified female leadership.Luke also draws connections between African oral traditions and contemporary cultural expressions, such as rap battles, revealing the enduring legacy of storytelling in African communities.This episode is a powerful reminder of Africa's rich and complex history, urging listeners to broaden their understanding beyond the confines of colonial narratives. Luke's insights invite us to appreciate the depth of African culture and its lasting impact on the world stage. Guest Information:Join Luke Pepera at the Gloucester History Festival on Sunday, 27th April at 6pm. Tickets available at gloucesterhistoryfestival.co.uk.Purchase a copy of "Motherland" from the History Rage Bookshop.Follow Luke on social media: @LukePepera on X and Instagram.Support History Rage: For just £3 per month on Patreon or Apple, enjoy early access to episodes, ad-free listening, and exclusive content. Subscribe at patreon.com/historyrage. Stay Connected: Join the conversation and keep the rage alive! Visit historyrage.com for past episodes and updates.Follow us on:Facebook: History RageTwitter: @HistoryRageInstagram: @historyrage Stay Angry, Stay Informed - History Rage Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

These violent delights have violent ends. Between 1992 BCE and 1941 BCE, King Montu-Hotep (“Montu is Content”) ruled the southern kingdom. And he led efforts to expand Theban power, and ultimately reunify the Two Lands… Logo image: Montu, in a chapel of Ramesses III at Karnak (Kairoinfo4u). Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music and interludes by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.net. Music and interludes by Luke Chaos www.chaosmusick.com. Montuhotep's Expansion into Wawat / Nubia and the records of the wars: Darnell, ‘The Route of the Eleventh Dynasty Expansion into Nubia: An Interpretation Based on the Rock Inscriptions of Tjehemau at Abisko', Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 131 (2004), 23—37. Available on Academia.edu. Darnell, ‘The Eleventh Dynasty Royal Inscription from Deir el-Ballas', Revue d'Égyptologie 59 (2008), 81—110. Available on Academia.edu. Montuhotep's Mahat Chapel at Abydos, discovered in 2014: Josef Wegner at Academia.edu and Damarany in Abydos: The Sacred Land (2019), JSTOR. Scholarly debates on the timeline and events of the Reunification: Brovarski, ‘The Hare and Oryx Nomes in the First Intermediate Period and Early Middle Kingdom', in Egyptian Culture and Society: Studies in Honour of Naguib Kanawati, 1 (2010), 31—85. Available on Academia.edu. This was the study I followed in my reconstruction. Willems, ‘The Nomarchs of the Hare Nome and Early Middle Kingdom History', Jaarbericht van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap Ex Oriente Lux 28 (1985), 80—102. Available at Researchgate. Nubia – The Archaeology of Wawat and Kerma: Kerma – Mission archéologique suisse à Kerma (Soudan) C. Bonnet, ‘The Cities of Kerma and Pnubs-Dokki Gel', in G. Emberling and B. B. Williams (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia (Oxford, 2021), 201—212. H. Hafsaas, ‘The C-Group People in Lower Nubia: Cattle Pastoralists on the Frontier Between Egypt and Kush', in B. B. Williams and G. Emberling (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia (Oxford, 2020), 157—177. G. K. Meurer, ‘Nubians in Egypt from the Early Dynastic Period to the New Kingdom', in B. B. Williams and G. Emberling (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia (Oxford, 2020), 289—308. B. B. Williams, ‘Kush in the Wider World During the Kerma Period', in G. Emberling and B. B. Williams (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia (Oxford, 2021), 179--200. The Tomb of General Antef, with images of siege towers and naval forces: B. Jaroš-Deckert, Grabung im Asasif. 1963-1970. Band 5: das Grab des Jnj-jtj.f. Die Wandmalereien der 11. Dynastie, 12 (1984). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Benjamin Netanyahu's gaffe on French TV, displaying a map of the "Arab World" that showed the occupied (and illegally annexed) Western Sahara as a separate entity from Morocco, sparked a quick an obsequious apology from the Israeli Foreign Ministry. But the snafu sheds light on the mutual hypocrisy at work here. There is an obvious hypocrisy to Moroccan protests that demand self-determination for the Palestinians but not the Sahrawi, the indigenous Arab inhabitants of Western Sahara. The hypocrisy of Israel is also obvious: Israeli commentators and hasbara agents are the first to play the "whataboutery" game—relativizing the plight of the Palestinians by pointing to that of Kurds, Berbers, Nubians, Massalit and other stateless peoples oppressed under Arab regimes. But, as we now see, they are just as quick to completely betray them when those regimes recognize Israel and betray the Palestinians. Yet another example of how a global divide-and-rule racket is the essence of the state system. Bill Weinberg breaks it down in Episode 229 of the CounterVortex podcast. Listen on SoundCloud or via Patreon. https://www.patreon.com/countervortex Production by Chris Rywalt We ask listeners to donate just $1 per weekly podcast via Patreon -- or $2 for our new special offer! We now have 57 subscribers. If you appreciate our work, please become Number 58!

Daniel 11:36-45 36. The king will do as he pleases. He will exalt and magnify himself above every god and will say unheard-of things against the God of gods. He will be successful until the time of wrath is completed, for what has been determined must take place. 37. He will show no regard for the gods of his fathers or for the one desired by women, nor will he regard any god, but will exalt himself above them all. 38. Instead of them, he will honor a god of fortresses; a god unknown to his fathers he will honor with gold and silver, with precious stones and costly gifts. 39. He will attack the mightiest fortresses with the help of a foreign god and will greatly honor those who acknowledge him. He will make them rulers over many people and will distribute the land at a price. 40. At the time of the end the king of the South will engage him in battle, and the king of the North will storm out against him with chariots and cavalry and a great fleet of ships. He will invade many countries and sweep through them like a flood. 41. He will also invade the Beautiful Land. Many countries will fall, but Edom, Moab and the leaders of Ammon will be delivered from his hand. 42. He will extend his power over many countries; Egypt will not escape. 43. He will gain control of the treasures of gold and silver and all the riches of Egypt, with the Libyans and Nubians in submission. 44. But reports from the east and the north will alarm him, and he will set out in a great rage to destroy and annihilate many. 45. He will pitch his royal tents between the seas at the beautiful holy mountain. Yet he will come to his end, and no one will help him. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/maranatha-ministries/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/maranatha-ministries/support

Formerly the largest country in Africa, this nation has had millennia of history. For centuries this land was inhabited by the Nubians, a great ancient people that worked with and rivaled the pharaohs of Egypt. Since then this nation has evolved with religions like christianity and Islam. This nation has represented a swathe of colonial influences that have happened in north central Africa for thousands of years. This is Sudan.

Bill Donohue is a Winston Salem writer who has chronicled many of his family's medical speed bumps. Recognizing his own aging leaks, rusts, and mold, this story is the first capture of his newest frailty and the beginning of his journey with cancer.

For this episode, we welcome back Paul Fox of Foxwood Nubians and Megan Tredway-Carter of Lakeshore Nubians, for a deep dive into the Nubian breed. We discuss yesterday, today and tomorrow, and discuss their favorite things related to the beautiful long-eared goats!

Help keep our podcast going by contributing to our Patreon! When we think of pyramids, hieroglyphs, and Pharaohs, most people think about Egypt. But there was a civilization to the south that was just as fascinating, just as complex, just as sophisticated—and it wasn't Egypt. It was Nubia. The Nubians built temples, cities, and pyramids to rival those of the Egyptians. And they had a fascinating history of strong female leaders, including warriors, generals and queens. And after Cleopatra lost to Rome, her fellow queen to the south—a one-eyed warrior queen of Nubia—successfully fought off the Roman Army, held a knife to its throat and wrung a peace treaty out of Octavian that kept her kingdom free. This is the story of Nubia. Sponsors and Advertising This podcast is a member of Airwave Media podcast network. Want to advertise on our show? Please direct advertising inquiries to advertising@airwavemedia.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Wheelersburg Hosts Africentric

La Voce di oggi è quella di un mineralogista e viaggiatore francese: Frédéric Cailliaud (1787-1869). Agente del Console Generale di Francia Bernardino Drovetti per il quale raccolse antichità, ma non solo. Cailliaud fu protagonista di molte fra avventure e scoperte. A lui si deve il resoconto di un viaggio alla ricerca di un'antica miniera di smeraldi nel deserto orientale (per conto del Viceré Mohamed Ali Pascià) e un viaggio verso la Nubia che culminò nella straordinaria scoperta della leggendaria città di Meroe (capitale del regno di Kush per molti secoli). Un uomo che cercava smeraldi e diamanti, ma che invece trovò rovine e piramidi. Bibliografia: F. Cailliaud, Voyage à l'Oasis de Thèbes et dans les Deéserts situé à l'orient et à l'occident de Thébaïd, fait pendant les années 1815,1816,1817 et 1818, Paris, Imprimerie  Royale, 1822-1862, 2 voll; F. Cailliaud, Voyage à l'Oasis du Syouah, Paris, Imprimerie Royale, 1823; F. Cailliaud, Voyage à Méroe, au Fleuve Blanc, au-Delà de Fâzoql dans le Midi du Royaume de Sennâr, a Syouah et cinq autres Oasis; Fait dans les Année 1819,1820,1821 et 1822, Paris, Imprimerie Royale, 1826; A. Bednarski, The Lost Manuscript of Frédérik Cailliaud: Arts and Crafts of the Ancient Egyptians, Nubians, and Ethiopians; Cairo, The American University in Cairo Press, 2014; J. THOMPSON, Wonderful Things: A history of Egyptology, Vol. 1: From Antiquity to 1881, Cairo, The American University in Cairo Press, 2015, 163-164; W. R. DAWSON, E. P. UPHILL, M. L. BIERBRIER, Who Was Who in Egyptology, 5 ed., London, Egypt Exploration Society, 2019, 85; C. NAUNTON, I Carnet degli Egittologi, traduzione italiana di Vera Verdiani, Milano, L'Ippocampo, 2021, 60-67 (ed. orig. Egyptologists' Notebook, London, Thames & Hudson, 2020); Musiche: Film by Alex-Productions | https://onsound.eu/ Music promoted by https://www.chosic.com/free-music/all/ Creative Commons CC BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/; Vopna by Alexander Nakarada | https://www.serpentsoundstudios.com Music promoted by https://www.chosic.com/free-music/all/ Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Suoni: http: //bigsoundbank.com by Joseph Sardin; http: //freesound.org CONTATTI: e-mail: info@kheru.it Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100086674804348 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kherupodcast/?igshid=MmIzYWVlNDQ5Yg%3D%3D

Bill Donohue is a Winston Salem writer who has chronicled many of his family's medical speed bumps. Recognizing his own aging leaks, rusts, and mold, this story is the first capture of his newest frailty and the beginning of his journey with cancer.

How is it that people belonging to one of the oldest civilizations in the world have lost so much of their ancestral homeland? What steps must they take to preserve their culture in the face of such challenging circumstances? Anthropologist Yasmin Moll and Dr. Menna Agha, along with Mona Sherif-Nelson, founder of the Nubian Foundation, share the history of the Nubian people of Egypt, delve into the ways women played a central role in their culture, and address how modernization has forced them to scatter across the country and the world. They discuss how, as they venture into the future, the Nubian people of today are adapting and finding creative ways to keep their culture alive and connected to its past. For more info visit travelandleisure.com/lostcultures Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Retour sur une carrière internationale exceptionnelle qui va leur faire rencontrer Pharrell Williams, Beyoncé, Master P, Denzel Washington..., et même jouer de nombreuses fois devant PrinceHélène et Célia Faussart sont nées en France, mais ont grandi en Afrique, notamment au Cameroun. Leur héritage culturel mixte se reflète dans leur musique, qui est souvent chantée en français, en anglais et en langues africaines telles que le bambara.Leur carrière a commencé dans les années 1990 et elles ont connu un grand succès grâce à leur fusion unique de styles musicaux tels que le R&B, le hip-hop, le jazz et les sonorités africaines.Leur premier album, intitulé "Princesses Nubiennes", est sorti en 1998 et a remporté un grand succès critique et commercial. Les singles "Makeda" et "Tabou" ont été des hits internationaux et ont permis au groupe de se faire connaître à travers le monde.Au fil des années, les Nubians ont continué à sortir de la musique originale, mélangeant habilement des influences de différents genres. Leur deuxième album, "One Step Forward", est sorti en 2003 et a été suivi de près par "Echos, Chapter One" en 2005. Ces albums ont consolidé la réputation du groupe en tant qu'artistes innovantes et talentueuses.Les Nubians ont également collaboré avec d'autres artistes renommés, tels que Talib Kweli, The Roots et Black Thought, ce qui a contribué à accroître leur visibilité dans l'industrie musicale internationale.Au cours de leur carrière, les Nubians ont reçu plusieurs récompenses, dont un Soul Train Lady of Soul Award et un Billboard Music Award. Leur musique continue à toucher un large public grâce à son mélange captivant de rythmes et de messages conscients.

Flooded Pasts: UNESCO, Nubia, and the Recolonization of Archaeology (Cornell UP, 2022) examines a world famous yet critically underexamined event—UNESCO's International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia (1960–80)—to show how the project, its genealogy, and its aftermath not only propelled archaeology into the postwar world but also helped to "recolonize" it. In this book, William Carruthers asks how postwar decolonization took shape and what role a colonial discipline like archaeology—forged in the crucible of imperialism—played as the "new nations" asserted themselves in the face of the global Cold War. As the Aswan High Dam became the centerpiece of Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egyptian revolution, the Nubian campaign sought to salvage and preserve ancient temples and archaeological sites from the new barrage's floodwaters. Conducted in the neighboring regions of Egyptian and Sudanese Nubia, the project built on years of Nubian archaeological work conducted under British occupation and influence. During that process, the campaign drew on the scientific racism that guided those earlier surveys, helping to consign Nubians themselves to state-led resettlement and modernization programs, even as UNESCO created a picturesque archaeological landscape fit for global media and tourist consumption. Flooded Pasts describes how colonial archaeological and anthropological practices—and particularly their archival and documentary manifestations—created an ancient Nubia severed from the region's population. As a result, the Nubian campaign not only became fundamental to the creation of UNESCO's 1972 World Heritage Convention but also exposed questions about the goals of archaeology and heritage and whether the colonial origins of these fields will ever be overcome. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/new-books-network

Flooded Pasts: UNESCO, Nubia, and the Recolonization of Archaeology (Cornell UP, 2022) examines a world famous yet critically underexamined event—UNESCO's International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia (1960–80)—to show how the project, its genealogy, and its aftermath not only propelled archaeology into the postwar world but also helped to "recolonize" it. In this book, William Carruthers asks how postwar decolonization took shape and what role a colonial discipline like archaeology—forged in the crucible of imperialism—played as the "new nations" asserted themselves in the face of the global Cold War. As the Aswan High Dam became the centerpiece of Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egyptian revolution, the Nubian campaign sought to salvage and preserve ancient temples and archaeological sites from the new barrage's floodwaters. Conducted in the neighboring regions of Egyptian and Sudanese Nubia, the project built on years of Nubian archaeological work conducted under British occupation and influence. During that process, the campaign drew on the scientific racism that guided those earlier surveys, helping to consign Nubians themselves to state-led resettlement and modernization programs, even as UNESCO created a picturesque archaeological landscape fit for global media and tourist consumption. Flooded Pasts describes how colonial archaeological and anthropological practices—and particularly their archival and documentary manifestations—created an ancient Nubia severed from the region's population. As a result, the Nubian campaign not only became fundamental to the creation of UNESCO's 1972 World Heritage Convention but also exposed questions about the goals of archaeology and heritage and whether the colonial origins of these fields will ever be overcome. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/history

Flooded Pasts: UNESCO, Nubia, and the Recolonization of Archaeology (Cornell UP, 2022) examines a world famous yet critically underexamined event—UNESCO's International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia (1960–80)—to show how the project, its genealogy, and its aftermath not only propelled archaeology into the postwar world but also helped to "recolonize" it. In this book, William Carruthers asks how postwar decolonization took shape and what role a colonial discipline like archaeology—forged in the crucible of imperialism—played as the "new nations" asserted themselves in the face of the global Cold War. As the Aswan High Dam became the centerpiece of Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egyptian revolution, the Nubian campaign sought to salvage and preserve ancient temples and archaeological sites from the new barrage's floodwaters. Conducted in the neighboring regions of Egyptian and Sudanese Nubia, the project built on years of Nubian archaeological work conducted under British occupation and influence. During that process, the campaign drew on the scientific racism that guided those earlier surveys, helping to consign Nubians themselves to state-led resettlement and modernization programs, even as UNESCO created a picturesque archaeological landscape fit for global media and tourist consumption. Flooded Pasts describes how colonial archaeological and anthropological practices—and particularly their archival and documentary manifestations—created an ancient Nubia severed from the region's population. As a result, the Nubian campaign not only became fundamental to the creation of UNESCO's 1972 World Heritage Convention but also exposed questions about the goals of archaeology and heritage and whether the colonial origins of these fields will ever be overcome. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/middle-eastern-studies

Flooded Pasts: UNESCO, Nubia, and the Recolonization of Archaeology (Cornell UP, 2022) examines a world famous yet critically underexamined event—UNESCO's International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia (1960–80)—to show how the project, its genealogy, and its aftermath not only propelled archaeology into the postwar world but also helped to "recolonize" it. In this book, William Carruthers asks how postwar decolonization took shape and what role a colonial discipline like archaeology—forged in the crucible of imperialism—played as the "new nations" asserted themselves in the face of the global Cold War. As the Aswan High Dam became the centerpiece of Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egyptian revolution, the Nubian campaign sought to salvage and preserve ancient temples and archaeological sites from the new barrage's floodwaters. Conducted in the neighboring regions of Egyptian and Sudanese Nubia, the project built on years of Nubian archaeological work conducted under British occupation and influence. During that process, the campaign drew on the scientific racism that guided those earlier surveys, helping to consign Nubians themselves to state-led resettlement and modernization programs, even as UNESCO created a picturesque archaeological landscape fit for global media and tourist consumption. Flooded Pasts describes how colonial archaeological and anthropological practices—and particularly their archival and documentary manifestations—created an ancient Nubia severed from the region's population. As a result, the Nubian campaign not only became fundamental to the creation of UNESCO's 1972 World Heritage Convention but also exposed questions about the goals of archaeology and heritage and whether the colonial origins of these fields will ever be overcome. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/african-studies

Flooded Pasts: UNESCO, Nubia, and the Recolonization of Archaeology (Cornell UP, 2022) examines a world famous yet critically underexamined event—UNESCO's International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia (1960–80)—to show how the project, its genealogy, and its aftermath not only propelled archaeology into the postwar world but also helped to "recolonize" it. In this book, William Carruthers asks how postwar decolonization took shape and what role a colonial discipline like archaeology—forged in the crucible of imperialism—played as the "new nations" asserted themselves in the face of the global Cold War. As the Aswan High Dam became the centerpiece of Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egyptian revolution, the Nubian campaign sought to salvage and preserve ancient temples and archaeological sites from the new barrage's floodwaters. Conducted in the neighboring regions of Egyptian and Sudanese Nubia, the project built on years of Nubian archaeological work conducted under British occupation and influence. During that process, the campaign drew on the scientific racism that guided those earlier surveys, helping to consign Nubians themselves to state-led resettlement and modernization programs, even as UNESCO created a picturesque archaeological landscape fit for global media and tourist consumption. Flooded Pasts describes how colonial archaeological and anthropological practices—and particularly their archival and documentary manifestations—created an ancient Nubia severed from the region's population. As a result, the Nubian campaign not only became fundamental to the creation of UNESCO's 1972 World Heritage Convention but also exposed questions about the goals of archaeology and heritage and whether the colonial origins of these fields will ever be overcome. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/environmental-studies

Flooded Pasts: UNESCO, Nubia, and the Recolonization of Archaeology (Cornell UP, 2022) examines a world famous yet critically underexamined event—UNESCO's International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia (1960–80)—to show how the project, its genealogy, and its aftermath not only propelled archaeology into the postwar world but also helped to "recolonize" it. In this book, William Carruthers asks how postwar decolonization took shape and what role a colonial discipline like archaeology—forged in the crucible of imperialism—played as the "new nations" asserted themselves in the face of the global Cold War. As the Aswan High Dam became the centerpiece of Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egyptian revolution, the Nubian campaign sought to salvage and preserve ancient temples and archaeological sites from the new barrage's floodwaters. Conducted in the neighboring regions of Egyptian and Sudanese Nubia, the project built on years of Nubian archaeological work conducted under British occupation and influence. During that process, the campaign drew on the scientific racism that guided those earlier surveys, helping to consign Nubians themselves to state-led resettlement and modernization programs, even as UNESCO created a picturesque archaeological landscape fit for global media and tourist consumption. Flooded Pasts describes how colonial archaeological and anthropological practices—and particularly their archival and documentary manifestations—created an ancient Nubia severed from the region's population. As a result, the Nubian campaign not only became fundamental to the creation of UNESCO's 1972 World Heritage Convention but also exposed questions about the goals of archaeology and heritage and whether the colonial origins of these fields will ever be overcome. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/archaeology

Flooded Pasts: UNESCO, Nubia, and the Recolonization of Archaeology (Cornell UP, 2022) examines a world famous yet critically underexamined event—UNESCO's International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia (1960–80)—to show how the project, its genealogy, and its aftermath not only propelled archaeology into the postwar world but also helped to "recolonize" it. In this book, William Carruthers asks how postwar decolonization took shape and what role a colonial discipline like archaeology—forged in the crucible of imperialism—played as the "new nations" asserted themselves in the face of the global Cold War. As the Aswan High Dam became the centerpiece of Gamal Abdel Nasser's Egyptian revolution, the Nubian campaign sought to salvage and preserve ancient temples and archaeological sites from the new barrage's floodwaters. Conducted in the neighboring regions of Egyptian and Sudanese Nubia, the project built on years of Nubian archaeological work conducted under British occupation and influence. During that process, the campaign drew on the scientific racism that guided those earlier surveys, helping to consign Nubians themselves to state-led resettlement and modernization programs, even as UNESCO created a picturesque archaeological landscape fit for global media and tourist consumption. Flooded Pasts describes how colonial archaeological and anthropological practices—and particularly their archival and documentary manifestations—created an ancient Nubia severed from the region's population. As a result, the Nubian campaign not only became fundamental to the creation of UNESCO's 1972 World Heritage Convention but also exposed questions about the goals of archaeology and heritage and whether the colonial origins of these fields will ever be overcome. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Support our show by becoming a premium member! https://newbooksnetwork.supportingcast.fm/british-studies

It looked like Egypt was on its last legs, occupied by Nubians in the south and Canaanites in the north. But they reunited the country and made Egypt great again. How did they do it, and what happened to the Hyksos after their kingdom fell?

What you'll learn in this episode: Why ancient Nubian jewelry is still significant today How the Kingdom of Kush rose and fell How ancient jewelry motifs, techniques and materials were shared and adapted between cultures Why the Museum of Fine Arts Boston has a significant collection of ancient Nubian art, and why it's being exhibited at the Getty Villa Why jewelry is often one of the only pathways to understand ancient cultures About Dr. Sara E. Cole Sara E. Cole is Assistant Curator of Antiquities at the J. Paul Getty Museum (Villa). She holds a PhD in Ancient History from Yale University. At the Getty, she is part of the Classical World in Context initiative, which seeks to highlight cross-cultural interactions in antiquity and explore the diversity and interconnectedness of the ancient Mediterranean and Near East through a series of special exhibitions and related publications and public programs. She has curated or assisted with exhibitions of Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Neo-Assyrian, Persian, and Nubian art. About “Nubia: Jewels of Ancient Sudan” from the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston October 12, 2022 - April 3, 2023 Getty Villa Museum For nearly 3,000 years a series of kingdoms - collectively known as the Kingdom of Kush - flourished in ancient Nubia (present-day southern Egypt and northern Sudan). The region was rich in sought-after resources such as gold and ivory and its trade networks reached Egypt, Greece, Rome, and central Africa. This exhibition presents highlights from the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston's extensive collection of Nubian objects and features superbly crafted jewelry, metalwork, and sculpture exhibiting the wealth and splendor of Nubian society. Learn more about the exhibit at https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/nubian_jewelry/ Photos available on TheJewelryJourney.com Transcript: Nubian jewelry is often overshadowed by Egyptian and Greco-Roman jewelry, but the ancient Nubians were the world's first jewelry pioneers. Their influential work is currently on display at “Nubia: Jewels of Ancient Sudan,” an exhibit at the Getty Villa featuring pieces from the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. Dr. Sara E. Cole, assistant curator of the exhibit, joined the Jewelry Journey Podcast to talk about how Nubians developed their own enameling techniques; why jewelry is the key to understanding ancient cultures; and how iconography was shared and adapted throughout the ancient world. Read the episode transcript here.   Sharon: Hello, everyone. Welcome to the Jewelry Journey Podcast. This is the second part of a two-part episode. If you haven't heard part one, please head to TheJewelryJourney.com. Today, my guest is Sara Cole, who's the Assistant Curator of Antiquities at the Getty Villa in Malibu, California. She's the curator of “Nubia: Jewels of Ancient Sudan,” an exhibit at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston which showcases Nubian material. These finds were jointly executed early in the last century by Harvard and the Museum of Fine Arts. The exhibit is now open until April 3. Welcome back. Can you look at a piece of jewelry and say, maybe not exactly where it came from, but the period? It's late; it's early? Can you look at one and know? Sara: To put it in a bigger perspective, something about this collection of material that makes it so special is that it is all from documented archaeological excavations that were carried out in the early 20th century. Jewelry can be quite challenging if you have no context for a piece other than by comparing it stylistically to other known examples. It can be quite difficult sometimes to try to approximate when and where something was made, or to say with 100% certainty that it's even ancient if you have no context for it. A lot of the same materials and techniques that were used in antiquity are used or can be mimicked today. But with all of this material, it came from documented archaeological excavation, so we know exactly where it was found. Thanks to that context, we are able to say approximately the time period in which it must have been made and used and placed in the tomb. I suppose you could compare other surviving examples with what we now know from the archaeological record, but with this material, we are able to be absolutely certain of its authenticity and the time period in which it was being made and used because we have that archaeological context. Because Nubia had such a close relationship with Egypt and they engaged in so much exchange, there are some pieces that are found in Nubian contexts that might have been made in Egypt and imported to Nubia. It's often very difficult to say precisely where something was made because they were using very similar techniques and materials and iconography. So, there are a number of pieces in the exhibition that we think might have been manufactured in Egypt and then imported into Nubia. But even where that's the case, those objects clearly have value to the Nubians because they speak to their cultural and religious beliefs and priorities. Sharon: So, people would wear this jewelry in life, the pectorals or amulets. Did they have the same thing in their grave? Were they buried with what they wore, or did they have something special for it? Is it something made just to be buried with? Sara: It's both, actually. These royal tombs contained rich assemblages of jewelry. Some of the items do appear, based on signs of wear, to have actually been worn in life and then placed in the tomb with the deceased. There are also pieces that appear to have been made specifically to go in the burial, things that are very, very delicate and seem like they would not have been able to work in real life, or certain objects that are made specifically for funerary contexts. There's one piece in the exhibition from the Napatan Period that's really exquisite. It's this large, gold repoussé image of the goddess Isis, who is kneeling and stretching her wings out in a protective gesture, but at the tips of her wings and below her legs are these little tabs that each have a hole punched in them. The piece is too delicate, it seems, to have been something that someone would wear in life. And because of those little tabs with the punched holes, we believe it was probably manufactured specifically for this king's burial, and that it was meant to be sewn into the linen mummy wrappings that were used to mummify his body. Often there were amulets, protective icons, pieces of jewelry that were incorporated into the wrappings during the mummification process. So, it's both. Some of these pieces were probably worn in life and then taken to the tomb, and some of them were made specifically for the burial context. Sharon: I'm surprised you can even tell the difference between Egypt and Nubia with the cross-pollination. You talk about Isis. Being an expert, how does somebody know it was Egyptian? The only thing I've heard is that earrings were Egyptian. There weren't earrings before that. Sara: It's actually the other way around. This is one of the areas where the Nubians may have influenced the Egyptians. Earrings appear in Nubia before they appear in Egypt, so it's possible the Egyptians got the idea for earrings from the Nubians. As I mentioned, too, the fly pendant ornament originates in Nubia and gets adopted by the Egyptians. So, there is influence going in both directions, and where the Nubians incorporate Egyptian religious ideas, religious iconography, protective icons, they're still adapting it. They're not directly copying it necessarily. They're adapting it to their local traditions, to the types of materials they work with, to the types of objects and ornaments they make. It's not necessarily just a direct copy. In some instances, it is hard to tell whether a specific piece was made in Nubia versus Egypt. But with the burials themselves, we know these are Nubians and not Egyptians because we're looking not just at the jewelry, but at the overall burial itself, the whole object assemblage, the types of materials they're being buried with. In addition to the jewelry, there would be things like vessels, pottery, tools, weapons, things that give us a bigger picture. The cultural identity is not just the jewelry, but also the way in which they're buried and the place in which they're buried. In the Kerma Period, they used a very distinctive type of burial. They used tumulus burials, these big, beehive-shaped mounds, which was a distinctive type of burial. Over time those mounds get larger and larger, and we can tell that some of them must have belonged to Kerma rulers. Even though there are now written records during that period, we're going strictly by the archaeological record. In the Napatan Period, they actually used Egyptian hieroglyphs for monumental inscriptions. We do start to get some written records that we can read, and when these kings' and queens' tombs were excavated, there were often items within the tomb inscribed with their names. So, we know who these tombs belonged to, and they belonged to Nubian and Napatan kings and queens. It's really looking at the big picture and not just at the jewelry specifically to identify who these items belonged to and whose burials they come from. Sharon: First, I want to know how anybody even knew these tombs were there. Everything you're describing, at least from the description of what was in the tombs, is what Carter found when he opened the tomb just a few years later, maybe 10 years later. I'm just wondering how they knew these tombs were there. How did they know that? Was it just the beehives that were standing on a farm? Sara: The material that's in the MFA Boston was all excavated in the early 20th century, from 1913 to 1932, by a joint Harvard/MFA Boston expedition led by an American archaeologist named George Reisner, who worked in both Egypt and Sudan. He took a team to Sudan that ended up excavating at Kerma, Napata and Meroë. He was tremendously successful in what he discovered, and he essentially rediscovered the city of Kerma. There have been excavations within the city itself, but they also discovered this vast cemetery outside of the city containing tens of thousands of these tumulus burials. Then at Napata and Meroë, they're utilizing pyramid burials, which are still visible on the landscape. You can walk up to them. He was really the first to do these rigorously documented, professional archaeological excavations of these places, and he found a tremendous amount of material. I should also mention the way it ended up in Boston is that, at the time, Sudan practiced the partage system, so he finds would essentially be split 50-50. About half the materials remain in Sudan, where it is now in the national museum in Khartoum, and about half the material was allowed to be taken back to Boston by Reisner, where it became part of the MFA collection. So, the MFA is now home to the largest and most significant collection of Nubian archaeological material in the world outside of Khartoum. Sharon: Did they suspect that there were these kingdoms, but nobody ever found them? Is that what happened? How did he start digging? Sara: To be perfectly honest, I would have to go back and double check how he determined exactly where he wanted to begin. Sharon: Why should we care about the Nubians? Why should we care about these kingdoms? You describe how it kept moving further south. That's usually because of agriculture. What caused them to move, besides invasion? Sara: That's a broad question. I don't know that we necessarily know for certain what was motivating them to move from one city to the next. In terms of the question of why we should care, that's something we could ask about any ancient civilization. It does raise this broader question about relevance that a lot of audiences are asking. I would say for Nubia especially, this is the region in northeastern Africa where some of the earliest civilizations of ancient Africa are arising. This is an incredibly important region that was also a real crossroads for international trade, given their connections to the Red Sea, into central Africa, into sub-Saharan Africa, and eventually out into the broader Mediterranean world. This was a very interconnected place with rich natural resources where some of the earliest complex civilizations of ancient Africa arise, so I think we absolutely should care about it. Speaking in terms of jewelry specifically, this is the place where some of the most exquisitely crafted, sophisticated pieces of ancient jewelry in the world were produced. They were incredibly skilled artisans who developed techniques for working with these materials that in some cases, like I mentioned with the enameling, were believed to have been invented in the modern era until recently. Sharon: That's amazing. I always have to think about the fact that they didn't have electric lights and they had to work by candlelight. They had to deal with sunlight only. I don't know exactly how to phrase this, but most of the time, if I were to take a piece from the little room of jewelry at the Getty Villa, and I want to take it out and put it on my wrists, nobody would know the difference. Would you say that's the same with a lot of this? Sara: I think so. It always strikes people how contemporary some of these pieces look. They look like things that could have been made today. Sharon: Were they going back or was this the start of it? Were they going back and building on what had been done before? Sara: They were really pioneers. They were developing new techniques and new styles for working with this material. In the pre-Kerma phase, in the archaeological record, there are items of personal adornment that are made from things like shell or imported faience sometimes, simple strings of beads, that kind of thing. But then as they develop kiln technology to make pottery, they're also able to apply that to making faience and eventually glass. They develop, as I mentioned, these very sophisticated techniques for working with different semiprecious stones, for working with gold, for working with glass and enameling. They're really not looking back to any existing precedent. They are developing these techniques for the first time. Sharon: That's amazing. You wonder why each civilization or each culture seems to have certain things that are ubiquitous, like a ram's head. You wonder, where did it start? What keeps your attention about all of this? Is it the cross-pollination? Sara: I don't even know where to begin answering that. I find this material endlessly fascinating. Every time you look at it, you see or appreciate something new, the intricacy of it, or as I mentioned, the ways in which this jewelry for the ancient Nubians is not just a status item. It's not just something beautiful to look at and wear. It's imbued with all of these layers of meaning. It reflects so many aspects of Nubian society and Nubian beliefs and Nubian practices. Because of the relative lack of written records from ancient Nubia, we are reliant on the archaeological record. So much of this jewelry helps us more broadly understand ancient Nubian society. I think you can come back to it and look at it over and over again and find new levels of meaning in it every time, as well as being able to appreciate how beautiful it is. Sharon: But you must have seen a lot of ancient jewelry. You've seen Greek and Roman and Egyptian and Nubian. What keeps your attention? What's so fascinating that it would keep your attention for so long? Sara: I think everything I just mentioned. The jewelry across ancient societies is fascinating for those same reasons, that it typically is not just about beauty and personal adornment. It's also reflective of cultural and religious beliefs, but I think it's the fact that this material is some of the earliest of its kind as well. As I mentioned, they're pioneers in developing new techniques or adopting techniques from other places and reengineering them as they did with faience, which was being made in Egypt prior to Nubia. They reengineered it, figured out how to make it for themselves. They were developing these unique techniques like the glazed quartz, the enameling techniques. It's incredible to think that 3,000, 4,000 years ago, people were making these items and developing these technologies and with handmade tools and natural light, and it would be very difficult to control temperatures of a kiln. It's incredible. Sharon: It is incredible. I know the Getty Villa is different than the Getty Center. The Getty Villa is a replica of a Roman villa, and it has a little room that has just jewelry. It's very small. It's a jewel box of a room, really. Do they have Nubian jewelry in there? Sara: We do not. We do not own any ancient Nubian jewelry in our permanent collection at the Villa. The Villa is a separate site from the Getty Center. We are home to the Getty Museum's Antiquities Collection specifically. Our permanent collection of antiquities is predominantly Greek, Roman and Etruscan. This Nubian exhibition is part of a broader initiative we've been engaged in in recent years, where we're trying to bring in special exhibitions featuring material from other ancient cultures and civilizations so our visitors can get a bigger picture of the ancient world. It's also so we're not perpetuating this idea that in antiquity, Greek and Roman are all there is. There's so much more than that. What's reflected in our permanent collection is Greek and Roman. So, through this special exhibition program, we're able to highlight other cultures. We also recently had a big exhibition on ancient Persia that included some stunning items of Persian jewelry. Sharon: I missed that one. Sara: We don't have any Nubian or Egyptian jewelry in our antiquities collection, so this is a unique opportunity. As I mentioned, this material is housed at the MFA Boston, so it's a unique opportunity for people on the West Coast to see a major exhibition of ancient Nubian material, but it is quite different. You can see some stylistic similarities like I mentioned with the Meroitic Period, when they have those trade connections to the Greco-Roman world. You can see stylistic similarities between some of our Greco-Roman pieces and some of the pieces in the Meroitic section of the exhibition, but it is very distinctive. It's a nice counterpoint. We have at the Getty a pretty significant collection of ancient, engraved gemstones as well as some Hellenistic gold jewelry and finger rings. You can see similarities. Finger rings with carved bezzles became very popular during the Meroitic Period as well, so you can see some similarities there with the rings being made in the Greco-Roman world. Sharon: If you haven't seen the little room with jewelry there, you could take any piece from the Greco-Roman era—and it's probably true of the Nubian era, too—and put it on, and nobody would know the difference if you went to the market. Sara: Yeah. Sharon: Something I came across mentioned the role of women in Nubia, that there was a stronger role. Can you tell us something about that? Sara: Yes, it seems throughout ancient Nubian history, in the Kingdom of Kush, royal women held particularly high status. We can see that in a few different ways. We can see that in their burials. We can see it some of their individual items of jewelry, which I'll mention, and we also see it in some of the practices that were being implemented, the roles that royal women had. In the Napatan period, there were a group of royal women who became associated with the god Amun and were sent to Thebes in Egypt, which was the Egyptian center of the worship of Egyptian Amun. These women were made into high priestesses of the god at his temple there. So, they held these very high-ranking, powerful positions, and these were royal women who were relatives of the Napatan kings who were also ruling in Egypt. They had great religious significance in this very important role, where they were sent to Egypt as god's wives of Amun, what we call them, or high priestesses of Amun. During the same period, there are some items of jewelry in royal women's tombs at Napata that speak to their importance. For instance, there's a piece in the exhibition that is easy to overlook because it's very small, but it's definitely worth taking the time to look at. It's a little silver pendant that shows the goddess Hathor, who I mentioned previously is the goddess of love and fertility and motherhood who gets adopted and becomes very important in the Nubian culture. It's an image of Hathor, and she is nursing a Nubian queen named Nefrukakashta. The item was found in her tomb. So, she is receiving, essentially, divine lifeforce from Hathor through being nursed by her. This is important because this was also a composition we see in Egypt,  but there it's only the kings who appear being nursed by Hathor. The king is embodying a divine role as pharaoh, so he receives divine lifeforce from Hathor. You never see royal women in ancient Egypt in this pose being nursed by Hathor, but in Nubia, we see it. The status of royal woman is higher there. They're considered worthy of being show in this position of being nursed by the goddess herself. By the time we get to the Meroitic Period, the final phase of the kingdom, there's actually a series of queens who take the throne for themselves and they rule as sole rules. These were very powerful women ruling over the Kingdom of Kush in its final phase, one of whom even famously fought off attempts at invasion by the Roman emperor Augusts. She signed a peace treaty with him to protect the border between Nubia and Egypt, which at that time had become a Roman province. So, royal women in ancient Nubia achieved very high status. Sharon: I think that's very interesting. I could talk to you for hours about the history of women and what happened after that. Thank you so much, Sara, for being with us today. I just want to remind you about the exhibit. I listened to a webinar and looked at the press release. It looks like it will be a very interesting exhibit. I look forward to seeing it in person live. It's through April 13. Dr. Sara Cole is the assistant curator. Thank you very much for being here today. Sara: Thank you so much for having me. We will have photos posted on the website. Please head to TheJewelryJourney.com to check them out. Thank you again for listening. Please leave us a rating and review so we can help others start their own jewelry journey.

What you'll learn in this episode: Why ancient Nubian jewelry is still significant today How the Kingdom of Kush rose and fell How ancient jewelry motifs, techniques and materials were shared and adapted between cultures Why the Museum of Fine Arts Boston has a significant collection of ancient Nubian art, and why it's being exhibited at the Getty Villa Why jewelry is often one of the only pathways to understand ancient cultures About Dr. Sara E. Cole Sara E. Cole is Assistant Curator of Antiquities at the J. Paul Getty Museum (Villa). She holds a PhD in Ancient History from Yale University. At the Getty, she is part of the Classical World in Context initiative, which seeks to highlight cross-cultural interactions in antiquity and explore the diversity and interconnectedness of the ancient Mediterranean and Near East through a series of special exhibitions and related publications and public programs. She has curated or assisted with exhibitions of Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Neo-Assyrian, Persian, and Nubian art. About “Nubia: Jewels of Ancient Sudan” from the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston October 12, 2022 - April 3, 2023 Getty Villa Museum For nearly 3,000 years a series of kingdoms - collectively known as the Kingdom of Kush - flourished in ancient Nubia (present-day southern Egypt and northern Sudan). The region was rich in sought-after resources such as gold and ivory and its trade networks reached Egypt, Greece, Rome, and central Africa. This exhibition presents highlights from the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston's extensive collection of Nubian objects and features superbly crafted jewelry, metalwork, and sculpture exhibiting the wealth and splendor of Nubian society. Learn more about the exhibit at https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/nubian_jewelry/ Photos available on TheJewelryJourney.com Transcript: Nubian jewelry is often overshadowed by Egyptian and Greco-Roman jewelry, but the ancient Nubians were the world's first jewelry pioneers. Their influential work is currently on display at “Nubia: Jewels of Ancient Sudan,” an exhibit at the Getty Villa featuring pieces from the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. Dr. Sara E. Cole, assistant curator of the exhibit, joined the Jewelry Journey Podcast to talk about how Nubians developed their own enameling techniques; why jewelry is the key to understanding ancient cultures; and how iconography was shared and adapted throughout the ancient world. Read the episode transcript here. Sharon: Hello, everyone. Welcome to the Jewelry Journey Podcast. This is the first part of a two-part episode. Please make sure you subscribe so you can hear part two as soon as it's released later this week. Today, my guest is Sara Cole, who's the Assistant Curator of Antiquities at the Getty Villa in Malibu, California. She's the curator of “Nubia: Jewels of Ancient Sudan,” an exhibit at the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston which showcases Nubian material. These finds were jointly executed early in the last century by Harvard and the Museum of Fine Arts. The exhibit is now open until April 3. Sara received her Ph.D. from Yale, which is amazing. She's an expert in ancient history and a specialist in material culture of Greco-Roman Egypt. She has studied the cross-pollination of cultures, and we'll hear a lot more about it today. Sara, welcome to the program. Sara: Thank you for having me. Sharon: So glad to have you. Tell us about your own journey. Did you come to jewelry through antiquities or archaeology, or the other way around? Sara: Yes, through my study of archaeology and Egyptology as a graduate student. That was primarily my introduction to this material. I became familiar with Nubia primarily through the MFA Boston's tremendous archaeological collection of Nubian material. When I was a graduate student at Yale back in, I think, 2011, I took a graduate seminar on Nubian archaeology with a Nubian specialist named Maria Gatto. In one of our classes, we took the train to Boston and got to spend a day going through the storerooms of the MFA looking at Nubian material. We were primarily looking at pottery that day, but we did get to see some other objects as well. In 2014, MFA put on its own small exhibition featuring their Nubian jewelry collection, so that brought that material a little bit more into public view. Then in 2019, the MFA did a big exhibition bringing out highlights of their full Nubian collection that was called “Ancient Nubia Now.” Since 2019, they very generously sent parts of this collection to different museums for exhibitions around the world. We're very fortunate at the Getty Villa that we were able to borrow some of these stunning pieces of jewelry and personal adornment from that collection for this current exhibition. Sharon: I have to ask you. When you were younger, you say you were interested in Egypt and ancient periods, but very few people go into archaeology. How is it that you stuck with it? Sara: Museums were really my entry point to the ancient world as a child, which I think is true for a lot of us. I grew up in a small town in Virginia and wasn't exposed to major museum collections as kid, but we had a small, local museum. It featured mostly local contemporary artists, but one summer they put on view a small touring exhibition of Egyptian material from the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in Richmond. I was probably 11 or 12 years old. That was my first exposure to ancient Egyptian material, and I just found it incredibly captivating and compelling, and I stuck with that interest. I ended up doing a bachelor's degree in classics and then my Ph.D. in ancient history, where I studied a combination of Egyptology, classics and art history. But I've always had a great passion for museums in particular because it was my personal entry point to the ancient world. We do have the opportunity, through putting on exhibitions like this, to reach such wide audiences and to bring this material to their attention, things they've maybe never seen or considered before. It's a really wonderful opportunity. Sharon: It really is. When you say Nubia, a lot of us haven't really thought about Nubia or Nubian jewels. That's the entry point or the foundation. What is Nubia? What do you mean by Nubian? Sara: That's a great question, because I think a lot of people have heard of Nubia but they're not quite sure what it is. Traditionally it has received a lot less attention than ancient Egypt, which is this huge, looming civilization. When we talk about ancient Nubia, we're really talking about a geographical region that was located immediately south of ancient Egypt. They were neighbors. In terms of modern-day geography, it reached essentially from Aswan in what is now southern Egypt down to about Khartoum in present-day Sudan. The contemporary political border between Egypt and Sudan cuts across part of what was ancient Nubia, when the border was located further north between Nubia and Egypt. So, it's essentially this geographical region going across part of what is today southern Egypt and northern Sudan. For parts of its ancient history, Nubia as a region was actually home to several different cultural groups. It wasn't always a single, unified culture. So, when we talk about Nubia, we're talking about the geographical area, and then there were different cultures that lived within Nubia. Around the third millennium B.C., a political institute called the Kingdom of Kush—because the region was known as Kush in antiquity—arose at the city of Karma in what is today Sudan. It eventually came to conquer essentially all of the region of Nubia. The Kingdom of Kush lasted on and off for a period of almost 3,000 years, and it moved to different capital cities in different phases. It first arose at Kerma in the third millennium B.C., then moved further south to a capital called Napata, which was also along the Nile River, around 750 B.C. Then in its final phase, starting around 350 B.C., it was centered at a city even further south on the Nile River called Meroë. So, when we talk about ancient Nubia, we're talking about that region, but for this exhibition, we're really focusing on items of jewelry that were worn by royalty and the elite of the Kingdom of Kush that were found at these three successive capital cities. Sharon: I was going to ask you if Napata and—is it Morocco? Sara: Meroë. Sharon: Meroë. I've heard so much about it, but did they all have jewelry? Did the royalty all have jewelry at all three of these sites? Sara: Yes, absolutely. Throughout human history, I think in all cultures we see personal adornment as a universal means of self-expression. It's a means of expressing status and power. But also in antiquity, much of this jewelry, either the materials themselves or the iconography incorporated into it, had symbolic religious significance. Items of jewelry were often amuletic and protective, or they could signify one's status in society, one's role. They reflect a lot about an ancient culture's social organization, religious beliefs, communities, etc. These items of jewelry speak to so much more than being aesthetically beautiful status items. So, yes, even very early in Kerma and even in pre-Kerma archaeology, we find items of jewelry in the archaeological record. Jewelry was very essential, especially for rulers and for individuals of high status, to express themselves in ancient Nubia. Sharon: Did both men and women have jewelry? Sara: Yes, they did. Men, women, children, and sometimes even very prized royal animals were adorned with jewelry. Sharon: Were these from tombs or graves? Sara: Yes, essentially all of the items in this exhibition were excavated from royal and wealthy burials. This was material that people valued in life but also chose to take with them to the grave. As a I mentioned, a lot of these pieces have iconography that is protective or amuletic, which would have particular significance in the context of the tomb. These are images that are going to protect you as you are making your transition to the afterlife. So, all of the material was excavated from burials. That is primarily where we find these high-status jewelry items still surviving. They survive because they were buried, and people didn't have the opportunity to reuse them or repurpose the materials. Sharon: First of all, I think I forgot to say that this exhibit is only on until April 3, which comes up quickly. I can't remember if I said that or not. Sara: Yes, two more months to go see it at the Villa. Sharon: When you say it's like a dynasty or the Kingdom of Kush lasted 3,000 years, I have this idea that it rose high and then it was—I don't want to say nothing, but they weren't reading. It was like the Dark Ages in a sense, really dark, and then it rose again in a different place. How did that work? Sara: The Kingdom of Kush went through fluctuations over that 3,000-year period. I wouldn't necessarily call it dark ages. The Nubians simply never developed the same tradition of extensive written records like we get from Egypt, so much of our knowledge of Nubia comes from the archaeological material. We just don't have extensive written historical documentation from this region. It wasn't part of the culture. They had a very complicated relationship with their neighbor to the north, Egypt, which is largely the reason for these periods of rise and fall. The Kingdom of Kush arose, like I mentioned, at Kerma in Sudan, during which time in northern Nubia, there were other cultural groups inhabiting that region who were in conflict with Egypt. The Kingdom of Kush eventually was able to take that region and unify Nubia under its rule. Kerma flourished for almost 1,000 years, from about 2,400 B.C. until roughly 1,550 B.C. But what happened around 1,550 was that Egypt entered into a very powerful period in its history, the New Kingdom, the rise of the Eighteenth Dynasty, and those kings invaded Nubia and took over. They occupied Nubia for about 500 years, during which time we don't have a tremendous amount of archaeological evidence for what was going on. But it seems like Nubians and Egyptians were essentially coexisting in Nubia during this period. As you can imagine, over 500 years, there's a huge amount of cross-cultural exchange as a result of the Egyptian presence in Nubia. Some Egyptian religious ideas get incorporated into local Nubian tradition, as does a lot of iconography. There are a lot of ways in which the Nubians start adapting some Egyptian concepts to their own local practices. Then the Egyptians get pushed out of Nubia around 1,000 B.C. approximately. The Kingdom of Kush starts to regroup and rebuild itself, and it reappears fully around 750 B.C., now at the capital city of Napata. What's interesting at the beginning of the Napatan phase is that the Nubians turn the tables on Egypt and invade them. They take over Egypt and rule for about 80 years. For that 80-year period, staring around 725 B.C., the Kingdom of Kush is at its greatest extent, going all the way from what is today Sudan up to the Mediterranean coast, ruling over both Nubia and Egypt. After that 80-year period, they get pushed out of Egypt but are still ruling the Kingdom of Kush from Napata. We see some really interesting ways in which the rulers of that 80-year period adapted an Egyptian mode of self-presentation. They're trying to present themselves as legitimate pharaohs in Egypt. They start presenting themselves in a way that is adapted from earlier pharaonic styles of self-presentation. Even though the Nubian kings are spending some time in Egypt, they choose to be sent back to Napata for their royal burials, and they start using pyramid tombs during this period. They start practicing mummification and incorporating some Egyptian-style object assemblages into their burials. We see some of those practices get adapted during this 80-year period, including the incorporation of a lot of Egyptian religious iconography into their jewelry. We see those trends continue later, even when they're no longer ruling in Egypt. Then during this Napatan phase, which lasts roughly 400 years, they start to gradually shift the capital further south to this third city of Meroë. By around 350 B.C., both the administrative capital and the royal cemetery have moved to Meroë, and this is the final phase of the Kingdom of Kush. This is a phase that lasts from roughly 350 B.C. to 350 A.D., when the Kingdom of Kush falls. It corresponds with the conquests of Alexander the Great throughout the eastern Mediterranean and ancient Near East, the rise of his successor kingdoms and then the rise of the Roman Empire. But throughout all of this, the Kingdom of Kush maintained its political independence. It never became part of Alexander's territories; it never became part of the Roman Empire, unlike Egypt, which did. They had a complex relationship with Rome, who at times tried to take Nubia unsuccessfully, but they were also connected to these vast trade networks that connected the Mediterranean and the Near East throughout the Roman Empire. It was a very cosmopolitan place, ancient Meroë. They were very closely connected through trade networks to the rest of the world. They were also producing some incredibly high-status pieces of jewelry with really exquisite craftsmanship. Then the Kingdom of Kush falls around 350 A.D. That's the big picture of what we're looking at here, with the history of the Kingdom of Kush and its different phases. Sharon: When you say Nubia, is that the same as the Kingdom of Kush? Do you mean the Kingdom of Kush or Nubia are one in the same, I guess? Sara: Nubia in antiquity was known as Kush, and then the Kingdom of Kush is the political entity ruling over that region. Sharon: Did the jewelry change over the years? Sara: It did, yes. We do see that even across these different phases, each one has a distinctive aesthetic. There is no single, unified Nubian look to the jewelry. Different fashions change over time. Different popular materials come in and out of fashion. In Kerma, in the earliest phases, we see jewelers making items out of locally available and imported organic materials. They're making use of things like hippo and elephant ivory to create cuff bracelets. They're making use of shells they imported from the Red Sea coast and fashioned into different items. They were also importing faience from Egypt. Ancient faience was a man-made, blue-green, glazed, quartz-based ceramic material that was very popular in Egypt. The Kermans were importing it initially, but then they developed their own faience-making technology and were able to produce their own. So, we start to see the use of this man-made material. They're using gold. Nubia in antiquity is known primarily as a land of gold because of their rich gold resources in the Eastern Desert. That was their main coveted natural resource. They had incredibly skillful techniques in working with gold. We see them using locally available semiprecious stones, things like carnelian and amethyst. They work with quartz in some really interesting ways. Quartz is found alongside gold, so it was probably symbolically associated with gold. Gold was valued not only because it was this very prized economic resource, but it was also an imperishable material. It was associated with immortality and the sun, and it was very highly symbolically valued. They would take quartz and do an interesting treatment that, as far as I am aware, is distinctive to ancient Kerma. They would take the quartz, either shaping it into spherical beads or taking chunks of it in its raw form to use as pendants, and they would put a blue-green glaze over it and fire it in a kiln to create a hard, shiny, translucent blue surface that creates this stunning, glass-like appearance when it's done successfully. It was a delicate technique. You had to be very careful, because if you raised the temperature in the kiln too quickly, the quartz would fracture and burst, and you would lose your item of jewelry you were making. They had to be very careful in this process, but again, as far as I know, this is a distinctive Kerman technique, a distinctive way of working with quartz. Those were the types of materials they were utilizing to make items of jewelry. There's also a particular ornament we start to see in Kerma that is really interesting and later gets adopted by the Egyptians, which is the fly pendant. They are these large pendants that were often worn in pairs strung around the neck, and they represent flies. We have an example in the exhibition where the head is made of gilded bronze and the wings are carved out of ivory. These are found in soldiers' tombs. They appear to have been given as a medal of honor to high-status members of the Nubian military. We can ask why they would choose a fly of all things to honor a member of the military, and we believe it's because if you go to Egypt, if you go to the Nile Valley, you will experience that the flies are very big and mean and aggressive. So, we think these fly pendants are a way of associating the aggression and the tenacity of the Nilotic flies with the aggression and the tenacity of Nubian warriors. Later these fly pendants actually get adopted in Egypt as well as a military medal of honor. So, those were the kinds of things we find at Kerma. As I mentioned, that period comes to an end with this big invasion of the Egyptians around 1,500 B.C. Then when the Kingdom of Kush rearises at Napata around 750 B.C., they invade Egypt. They take over, and we start to see how this 500-year period of intense cross-cultural interaction has resulted in the introduction of a lot of Egyptian iconography into the royal jewelry. We start to see a lot of images of goddesses like Hathor and Isis, who became very important in the Nubian pantheon. There is an Egyptian god called Amun who becomes introduced as the supreme god of ancient Nubia, but in his Nubian form specifically, he takes the form of a ram or a man with a ram's head. We believe that before this period, there was probably an indigenous ram god who Amun became assimilated with. So, we see a lot of ram iconography in the jewelry. There's a lot of iconography associated with the goddess Hathor, who was this Egyptian goddess of love, fertility, beauty and motherhood with whom Nubian queens and royal women became particularly associated. We see a lot of that kind of iconography. We see protective icons that have been introduced from Egypt, things like the Eye of Floridus, the scarab beetle, that kind of thing. They're working a lot in faience still. There are some queens' tombs from this period where these large faience plaques are very popular, again in the shapes of religious protective imagery, amuletic icons, gods and goddesses. They were big plaques that were strung on strings of beads and worn around the neck, essentially meant to sit over the chest to protect the pectorals. We see a lot of that kind of thing, this incorporation of new iconography, new religious ideas, sometimes a very Egyptian mode of self-presentation that they've adopted from the Egyptians. They're working in faience; they're working in gold. We do see some silver during this period. Silver was not locally available; it was an imported material, but we do see a lot of skilled gold work during this phase. They are developing some very sophisticated techniques for how to fashion items of jewelry, but also things like golden vessels. This is a phase where we start to see that Egyptian influence and some increasing sophistication in the techniques with which they're working, with both these man-made and locally available resources. In the Meroitic Period, we see those gold working techniques really hit their stride. There is some tremendously sophisticated gold work made during the Meroitic Period, where they're using techniques like granulation and filigree and very delicate wirework. At Meroë, they also start producing glass. Glass beads start to appear in the jewelry. Something that Meroë distinctively is also known for is the use of a wide range of enameling techniques. They would take powdered glass and apply it to the surface of items of jewelry, and then heat it to fuse it and create it a hard, shiny, colorful surface. There were multiple enameling techniques they developed at Meroë, some of which, prior to their discovery at Meroë, were thought to have not been invented until the modern era. There were techniques they developed at Meroë, and the knowledge of that technology was lost and rediscovered in modern times. This is also a phase during which we see, as I mentioned, a kind of cosmopolitan international style developing. We do see some Greco-Roman influences coming into play in the form of large, dangly pendant earrings and the development of new color schemes, for instance. There was a color scheme at Meroë that was especially popular, which was red, white and black. They would use cornelian, which was a popular material, to achieve the red and then import obsidian for black and travertine for white. Each phase has its own distinctive repertoire of objects and iconography and manufacturing techniques that were being used. Sharon: We will have photos posted on the website. Please head to TheJewelryJourney.com to check them out. END OF PART ONE

Episode Notes We discuss Nubia: The Awakening By Omar Epps and Clarence A. Haynes as read by Amir Abdullah, Emana Rachelle, and Jeorge Bennett Watson. A powerful saga of three teens, the children of refugees from a fallen African utopia, who must navigate their newfound powers in a climate-ravaged New York City. For Zuberi, Uzochi, and Lencho, Nubia is a mystery. Before they were born, a massive storm destroyed their ancestral homeland, forcing their families to flee across the ocean to New York City. Nubia, a utopic island nation off the coast of West Africa, was no more, and their parents' sorrow was too deep for them to share much of their history beyond the folklore. But New York, ravaged by climate change and class division, is far from a safe haven for refugees, and Nubians live as outcasts, struggling to survive in the constantly flooding lower half of Manhattan, while the rich thrive in the tech-driven sky city known as the Up High. To many, being Nubian means you're fated for a life plagued by difficulties and disrespect. But Zuberi, Uzochi, and Lencho are beginning to feel there might be more. Something within them is changing, giving each of them extraordinary powers. Extraordinary and terrifying powers that seem to be tied to the secrets their parents have kept from them. And there are people Up High watching, eager to do anything they can to become even more powerful than they already are. Now Zuberi, Uzochi, and Lencho will be faced with the choice—do they use their inheritance to lift their people, or to leave them behind? The fate of their city, and their people, hangs in the balance. This episode was brought to you by Alexandra Park BJJ - visit their website to book your free trial class. https://www.alexandraparkbjj.co.uk/ Support Audiobookish by contributing to their tip jar: https://tips.pinecast.com/jar/audiobookish Find out more at https://audiobookish.pinecast.co This podcast is powered by Pinecast. Try Pinecast for free, forever, no credit card required. If you decide to upgrade, use coupon code r-8a93af for 40% off for 4 months, and support Audiobookish.

The Nubians originate from the central Nile valley area so they can begin farming. They played a major role across the history of ancient Egypt and during the medieval period, converted to Christianity and formed three kingdoms called Nobatia, Makuria, and Alodia. The Nubian people also practice Islam. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/wizapodcast/message

I Found Nubians at The Getty Villa | Los Angeles Adventures | BBRAVELER | iSee109 | I visited the Getty Museum a couple of weeks ago. Today my wife and I visited the Getty Villa. On my first visit I did not see Africa represented in the exhibits. However, I found representations of Africa at the Getty Villa. This Nubia exhibit was not marketed all around the city of Los Angeles, however. The people who can benefit mostly from seeing this exhibit do not know it is on display. I hope that I am doing my part to spread the word. Go see the exhibit for yourself. It costs only $20 for parking. Of course you also have to pay for gas and/or transportation. –––––––––––––––––––––––

Hi Everyone,Here is the end of year 2 hour festive mix taking you on a African cinematic journey for the first 15 mins followed by more Afro future soul electronic sounds in the middle then on the last 45mins stomping afro tech and tribal tech vibes . Hope you all enjoy and have a wonderful festive time and new years 2023 celebration ahead.Be YOU, Stay TRUE and one love from ALUKU Track list:1.Chronical Deep - Fula. PROMO2.AndileAndy - Ancestors (Tribute To Culoe De Song) . 2022 [Stay True Sounds] 3.Kenza & Vinni Max - All Mine. 2022 [El-World Music/Platoon]4.Chronical Deep - Children of Israel. PROMO 5.Mpho.Wav Featuring Brenden Praise - Moya. 2022 [El-World Music/Platoon]6.Frigid Armadill & Mpho.Wav - Mountain Daze. 2022 [Aluku Records]7.Darque & Mpho.Wav featuring To Starquality - Ngiole. 20228.Greg Ochman - Hilli (TekniQ Remix). 2022 [Kiksuya Records]9.Da Africa Deep Featuring Nobulhe - Stars. 2022 [Soulistic Music]10.TekniQ - The Iris. 2022 [Multi-Racial Records]11.Mayas - Turkana. 2022 [Merecombe]12.Roctonic SA - Preach. 2023 [Aluku Records]13Atmos Blaq - Dear Old Man. 2022 [Stay True Sounds]14.Bokkieult & Aatman & Mensi - Nasha. 2022 [Aluku Records]15.Kgzoo & Classic Desire - Bantu's Dreams. 2023 [Aluku Records]16.Aero Manyelo Featuring Thee Suka - Kunitamale. 2022 [VOD]17. Dj Merlon & Enoo Napa - Two Zulu Men in Ibiza . 2022 [RISE]18.Caiiro - Spectre. 2022 [OwnIT Music]19.Bun Xapa - Space Invasion. 2023 [Aluku Records]20.Blacup - Woza . 2010 21.TIMANTI Featuring Nomvula - Warrior. 2022 [Sondela Recordings]22.Bun Xapa - Horsepower . 2022 [Seres Producoes]23. Mr D Musiique, Dennisoko - Get Up. 2022 24.Vanco & Kususa Featuring  Bonokuhle - Slide. 2022 [AGRA]25.Celso Fabbri - Rythm Section. 2023 [Aluku Records]

Africans is The Indigenous people of The Americas

Egyptian culture is thousands of years old, yet they never maintained perfect isolation from the nations among whom they lived. They have been conquered and they themselves have conquered many times. Invading armies brought hordes of soldiers, who would have left behind children. Given that Egypt is on the African continent, and given that there Egypt was conquered at least once by the their southern neighbors (the Nubians) at least once, why doesn't the average Egyptian have the features of, say, the average person from Sudan? To answer this requires a deep dive into history and biology. There are four factors that have the greatest effect. 1) They are a Mediterranean culture, 2) many phenotypes (e.g., skin, hair, and eye color) are controlled by multiple traits, 3) many lineages peter out over time, and 4) genetic recombination insures that most people will fail to pass on their DNA to their distance descendants even if their line is maintained.

Season 2 - Episode 1 Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (00:00): Today we're gonna have a conversation with a farmer and her teenage daughter, who are two key parts of the family owned New Horizon Farm and Dairy, as well as Happy Cows Creamery. They're in southwest Ohio, located about halfway between Cincinnati and Columbus. And as they so eloquently put it, the milk you get from them today was just grass two days ago. But it almost didn't happen. If not for a business plan that was drawn up by a 16-year-old girl, the farm would've likely suffered the same fate as the dozen other dairy farms around him, which have gone out of business in the past 10 years. Welcome back for the second season of the podcast. I am so excited to share the Bickel story with you today. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (00:40): Welcome to More Than a Mile, a local food podcast from Market Wagon focused on connecting you to local food through farmer stories from across America. I'm Nick Carter, your host, a farmer and CEO and co-founder of Market Wagon. We are your online farmers market with a mission to enable food producers to thrive in their local and regional markets. Food is so much more than just nutrients and calories. It's actually the fabric that holds us together. Thanks for joining me for this episode of More Than a Mile, and thank you for buying local food. That's one critical step in making an investment in food for future generations. I am really excited today to be joined by Jackie Bickel and Maggie Mathews. We are gonna be talking about what turns out to be a story of kind of how a teenager's question and ambitious business plan, breathe new life, and another generation into a family farm. With now the expectation that it becomes a third generation farm. So welcome to the podcast, Jackie, More than a mile, New Horizon farm. Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (01:43): Yes. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (01:43): Yeah. So this was started by your father-in-law, right? Almost 60 years ago? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (01:48): Yes, it'll be 60 years next year. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (01:51): Okay. And while for over half a century he operated the farm under normal business conditions, it sounds like in the last decade or so, things really, really changed. Right? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (02:04): They did. For decades, my father-in-law, my husband and his two brothers operated essentially a commercial dairy farm where we shipped our milk through a co-op. They came and picked it up by the semi-load every other day. We received pay based on the hundred pound weight, which was established by, you know, federal order. And about 10 years ago, the milk industry went upside down for a variety of reasons. Consumer demand declines, commercial dairies kept getting bigger, family farms kept getting smaller. And with the economy the way that it was, we, at one point we were receiving payment for our milk t hat was the same payment my father-in-law was receiving back in the 1980s. So Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (02:57): Wow. That's not how that's supposed to go Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (02:57): . Right, exactly. Yeah. And we knew the demand was there. We just, we couldn't understand it. And my husband was just, he was getting very frustrated and we were talking about an exit strategy, not something that my father-in-law wanted to see happen. Wow. But, you know, putting pen pencil to paper, it just was not, it was not working. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (03:22): Now the whole, was the whole family aware? Was this a family affair and family conversations around what could happen with the farm? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (03:29): Well, in 2015, my father-in-law retired and he passed the operation down to my husband. So we rent the land off of the family partnership and we still operate the dairy. 2015 prices were great. It was shortly after that where it started the downturn and we did have conversations with my father-in-law. He didn't wanna see it happen. We were looking for other alternatives. We downsized the herd. We started renting out part of our tillable ground to other area farms to farm themselves to keep our expenses down. And it just, it wasn't gonna work. And Maggie came home from an FFA field trip one day. She was on the dairy judging team, and she's like, I have an idea. And of course, we were not interested because we were very focused on what we were going to do. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (04:29): And she was 16 years old at the time, right? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (04:33): Yep. Just turned 16. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (04:34): Yeah. Was, was there an aspect of let the adults in the room figure this out? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (04:41): You know, my husband is very hardheaded and I can publicly say that because he's very proud of his hardheadedness. And you know, all he's ever known is milking cows, you know, twice a day. This is how we've done it, this is how my father's done it. And getting outside of that box and looking at other alternatives I know is very scary for him. We've only been married for 10 years. I bring a little bit more outside experience, but he's only worked on the farm. That's all he knows. So it was it was a tough sell at first Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (05:16): Maggie. So 16 years old, you go to your parents with a new business idea. Where, where did this inspiration come from? How did you come up with the idea? Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (05:24): So, as she said, I was on our dairy judging team, which included going out to multiple farms during the season, judging other people's cows off of a point system basically. So I just kind of like, I liked the idea. The family was also local and was related to my science teacher as well. And we were doing business plans in ag class one day, and my group partners didn't do their half. So I ended up doing the entire project by myself, . Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (05:57): And so I used to love group projects. I was the other one. Same ? Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (06:02): No, I was always the one that did all of the work, which I was fine with it cuz then it, like I got to control how it was done. But I kind of just like fooled around and made a little business plan, like just for the school project after going on the FFA trip. And I was like, Yeah, this actually could be a real thing. Like this could be legit if we put the, put the time and the statistics and everything else into it. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (06:27): So Maggie, you've gotta convince your dad to change the way that he's been farming. Was that easy to do? Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (06:35): It was definitely a challenge because not only was it just this silly little business plan I made in FFA class, but I'm also a young woman in the industry who doesn't have nearly as much experience as he does. So it was nagging at him more so than anything else. Just continuously bringing it up and putting the, planting the seed in his mind of there is another option that isn't getting rid of what you've worked your entire life towards. So it was hard, but it was worth it. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (07:06): When do you think that turning point was? What do you think finally flipped a switch for him to say, Let's give this a shot. Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (07:13): I was a phone call, Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (07:15): It was a phone call. Jackie was a phone jumps in. It sounds like you remember where you were when this took place. Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (07:21): , I was with him and the owner of the dairy farm that Maggie went on the field trip with, decided he was going to go out of business and he was going to sell his bottling operation. And he called to see if Donald would be interested because he had heard through the grapevine that we were looking at that avenue. So my husband spent several months shadowing him, learning the business, deciding how we were going to purchase the equipment, transition things. And it was gonna happen at the first of the year in 2018. And at Christmas the farmer put a little note on his milk shed letting his customers know that he was done and to stay tuned for new ownership and new opportunities. And the media got ahold of it. And needless to say, within a day we received a phone call and he had changed his mind. Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (08:20): He was going to keep bottling. And that just set my husband back to square one and I'm like, No, no, no, no, no. We've got a plan. We know what we have to do. We know what we have to buy, let, we're gonna keep on going. And it took us a few more months to source the different equipment from another producer and to get where we needed to be cuz we were going back to square one. I told him that, don't let the roadblock stop us. You know, we just need to go around it and keep moving forward. So it took us a little longer than what we had anticipated, but we did find other equipment and we were ready to start rolling right in the middle of the pandemic, Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (09:06): Right in the middle of the pandemic. So you find the equipment, you raise the money to be able to buy this equipment. So on a farm that's already struggling to make money, you raise more money to invest in something new. Was that hard? How did you do that? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (09:22): Well, the the producer was bottling milk and making ice cream in Indiana. He heard about our story, I shared with him our struggles and he said, You know what, I will give you this equipment through a milk assignment, which meant that each month when we shipped our milk, a portion of our check was going to him. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (09:46): So he basically invested in it? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (09:49): Correct. Wow. Cause he liked, he liked the business plan, he liked what the numbers looked like, he was confident that we would be able, you know, to pull it off. And, you know, we're sitting here essentially debt free with our bottling operation right now Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (10:06): At the core of local food is relationships and community and that story just punctuates it so well. You mentioned the pandemic a minute ago. It couldn't have been just you guys who were feeling this pinch. What happened to the other farmers that, you know, in the area? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (10:22): Well, here in Clinton County, Ohio where our farm is, we have gone from 12 dairies to our farm being the only dairy left in the county. And when it got down to one or two dairies, it just made the cause even greater for us to want to succeed so that there was still a local dairy here in our community. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (10:43): So it's, it's late 2019. You've got your paperwork submitted, you're waiting for the great state of Ohio to approve you to sell milk and bottles. Right. What happens next? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (10:54): Well the first thing that we did was we established a relationship with Market Wagon and we started to sell meat, eggs, baked goods because we knew that was the venue we were going to use to sell our milk, but we Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (11:14): Wait, wait, wait. So you did this on Market Wagon, you started selling on Market Wagon, not milk though. You started selling anything else that you or Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (11:20): Freezer meat Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (11:21): Because your milk permit hadn't come in yet. Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (11:23): Correct. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (11:24): So you just started bootstrapping it. Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (11:30): Yes. Yes. And we're like we need to get our name out there, we need to establish ourselves as a vendor so that when this comes to fruition it's going to be a very easy introduction to our customer base. And, it was even with the pandemic, it was. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (11:47): Wow. Okay. So when did you sell your first bottle of milk? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (11:53): That would've been May 4th, 2020. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (11:59): May 4th, 2020. approval comes in, you can put bottles on Market Wagon. Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (12:05): Yes. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (12:07): How many head of cattle did you have at the time? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (12:10): At the time we were milking about 50 head of Ayrshires and Holsteins. And we probably had another 75, 80 fresh young heifers Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (12:21): Ready to get going. Yeah. Mm-hmm. . have you grown your herd size at all since then? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (12:27): We have not. Okay. But we barely ship milk out bulk anymore cuz we were still shipping milk through the co-op while we were bottling milk. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (12:38): So let's talk about that a little bit. I understand what you mean. Co-Op selling wholesale by the pound versus bottling on farm. A lot of our listeners might not understand the difference. So explain the typical dairy that doesn't sell on Market Wagon. What are, you mentioned at the very beginning you were selling by the hundred weight, it's a price set down by the USDA, right? Correct. And it's a commodity price, so Yes. Just like stocks can go up and down, price of milk can go up and down, right? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (13:08): Absolutely. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (13:09): And you're basically told this is how much money you can get for your milk? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (13:13): Yes. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (13:15): And did you say it was 2016 when you were getting the same amount as the eighties? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (13:21): Yes. Okay. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (13:23): So to bottle on farm, you're now the master of your own domain, right? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (13:32): Yes. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (13:32): What does a gallon of milk sell for on Market Wagon? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (13:37): On Market Wagon, our regular milk sells for $5. Our flavored milk sells for $6. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (13:46): So that is a better price than organic milk at the grocery store? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (13:50): Yes. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (13:51): And it's straight off of your farm? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (13:54): Yes. It is literally grass two days before we put it in the customer's bag. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (14:00): It is grass. Two days before. Yes. That mama cow turns it into milk and goes right into the customer's bag. I love that. That's a great timeline. That's a good way to think of it. Yes. Now the other thing that our listeners will probably have a hard time translating is hundred weight. You got paid what, 12 to $13 for a hundred pounds of milk? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (14:21): In 2015 when we took over the operation, we were getting about $26 per hundred weight. Okay. Within eight months we were getting $15 per hundred weight, Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (14:35): $15 per hundred weight. Mm-Hmm. . Now how many gallons roughly? I know it changes based off of the density of fat and the milk, but roughly how many gallons are in a hundred weight? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (14:45): So a gallon of milk weighs roughly eight pounds. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (14:51): A gallon of milk, 8 pounds. So about 12? Yes. About about 12 gallons. Mm-Hmm. I'm not the greatest at math, but that's just over a buck a gallon. Yes. Right. Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (15:03): But we didn't get the whole buck because once take out . Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (15:07): That's what I wanted to chime into really quick. So I'm going to school in Cincinnati and a lot of the girls I go to school with don't have a lot of agriculture knowledge cuz they just haven't grown up around it. And I brought milk in the other day for them to try and I was explaining prices to them. And I think the biggest misunderstanding of milk prices is at that barrier because for example, when you go to the grocery store, I don't know what's a gallon of milk now, I don't think I've bought one in three years. Like Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (15:42): I'm sure I would hope not. Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (15:45): We'll say $2, we'll say a gallon of milk at the store is $2. And then you come to our farm and a gallon of milk is $5. And the immediate question is, why is a local product costing more locally than it is at the store? And the biggest thing is there we are getting that entire $5. That $5 goes for our manufacturing, our processing, our advertising, our marketing, our livelihood. Like we get all of that $5, whereas in the store they're stretching $2 to the milk hauler, the farmer, the processing, the packaging, the product, the marketing, the advertising, the hauling the milk, the getting it to the stores, paying the stores. So you're essentially stretching $2 to about 10 different people that are relying on that money. And that is why so many dairy farms were going out of business is because that is just not, that's not an attainable price to keep for today's inflation especially. So the two to $5 difference is because we're actually getting that entire $5 and that is why our farm is still around and we can still offer that product to people. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (16:59): And you're raising a product that people can trust and they know that, like you mentioned Jackie, it's grass, right? Yes. Not corn or silage. And the way that you're raising the animals, the way that you're treating your livestock, they can come out and see it. They can know who you are. Absolutely. And you said a couple of dollars, Maggie, but that's the commodity milk at a grocery store that's least cost providers. What your milk compares to is premium grass fed or some of the organic lines which are six, seven, $8 a gallon. So apples to apples, it's a competitive price. And I think the other thing that a lot of people may realize if they've heard the term loss leader is that grocery stores may actually be motivated to not even make any money on that milk and sell it for cost or nearly over cost. Because that's what brings people into the store and then they'll sell the other things. That's where they make their profit. Mm-Hmm. , correct? Yeah. Yeah. Thanks for expounding on that Maggie. So you've got a lot of different flavors of milk now, right? What all do you offer? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (18:14): We have chocolate, strawberry mocha, vanilla cake, chocolate peanut butter cookies and cream orange creamsicle. We are getting ready to do eggnog through the rest of the year Yeah. For the holidays. And then we'll have specials here and there, special flavors that we'll do for limited times as well. Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (18:38): Don't forget root beer. Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (18:40): Oh yes. Root beer floats. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (18:41): Root beer float. Wow. And you mentioned a moment ago, you're milking Ayrshires, is that right? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (18:48): Ayrshires and Holsteins. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (18:49): Ayrshires and Holsteins. Okay. Mm-Hmm. . How did you decide on that breed? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (18:57): Well, my husband grew up on a Holstein farm and so they were very established as premier breeders here in Ohio. And when he and I were married 10 years ago, the girls and I had Ayrshires. So, Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (19:11): And one Guernsey, we can't forget my little baby Guernsey. Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (19:15): And one Guernsey. So part of the dowry was he had to accept our Ayrshires and here we are today with oh, there's probably 35% of the herd is Ayrshires now. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (19:30): Hey Maggie, do you still have that Guernsey? Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (19:34): Unfortunately I don't, She was my first animal though. She was a surprise and her name was Maggie. I didn't even name her and she was like my favorite cow ever. She kind of beat me up in the show ring though. Like, I could not control her to save my life. But she is my favorite cow ever. I'll never own a Guernsey ever again because they're not, they're not all there. But Guernseys hold a very special place in my heart because that was my first ever cow. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (20:05): So you were, did you show in 4H fairs or other show circuits? Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (20:10): So I've shown collectively at the local level, at county fairs, state level, national level and international level. So I've been to Louisville, Kentucky. What else? We go to state fair every year. I've shown at Wisconsin, World Dairy Expo, which is actually going on right now. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (20:33): Ok Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (20:33): Then I also show livestock Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (20:34): Your show animals, are they part of the production herd there at New Horizon Dairy? Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (20:39): Yes. Yeah. Our show girls as we like to call them, are also our working girls. So they do a little bit of everything Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (20:49): That's really cool. A lot of people might not realize that the show circuit in several species, there's been a divergence between the traits that are needed in the show ring and the traits that actually are meaningful in production. But not so in dairy, right? Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (21:07): Correct. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (21:08): I showed Jerseys by the way, so, Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (21:10): Oh gosh. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (21:12): Hey, hey. Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (21:13): I don't like Jerseys. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (21:15): You don't like jerseys? All right, well we're just gonna end the show right now. I'm just kidding. Why don't you like Jerseys? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (21:21): I show livestock too, so I quite literally show everything like lambs, goats, pigs. Like I understand. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (21:31): We've got Boer-Nubian cross goats on our farm right now and there's a 4H kid nearby. You can't give facial expressions. It's a great face for radio Maggie. Everyone sees how pleased you are with my Boer-Nubian cross. I'm getting insulted by a college kid on my farming practices right Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (21:47): Nubians freak me out because they don't have ears. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (21:50): Nubians freak you out cuz their eyes go in different directions Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (21:53): And they don't have ears. Am I thinking of the right dairy goat? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (21:57): You're thinking of, no. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (21:58): No, you are not thinking of the right dairy goat. No, I thought you showed livestock, Maggie. Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (22:04): Not dairy goats. They freak out. They freak me out so much, but I didn't like jerseys because I had a bad experience with one Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (22:12): I think you had a bad experience with a Guernsey, but she still loved her. Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (22:14): Yeah, because her name was Maggie and she is like the best cow ever. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (22:18): Oh, well I had a cow named Maggie. I didn't, I just made that up. But I wanted you to love my Jerseys . Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (22:23): We do Jerseys in the herd. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (22:26): Jerseys are a really good source of butter fat. Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (22:27): Yes, we do have Jerseys in the herd now. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (22:31): Yeah. If you want that good rich milk, you gotta have some jerseys in the herd to add that butter fat, right? Yes. Yep. Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (22:37): Correct. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (22:38): Yeah. So that was a fun little detour to most of our listeners were like, why are they trash talking about cow breeds? I don't understand . This just got weird. But little detour into thinking through the actual mix of your herd and the livestock that's there. You guys are crafting the product for your consumers through genetics, through the animals, right? And care for the animals. Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (23:03): Yes. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (23:04): Yeah. Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (23:06): We grow, we grow our own feed, we harvest our own hay. We know everything that it took to make that bottle of milk. Yeah. So when a customer asks, we're very confident everything came from the farm and it does give that consumer a peace of mind when they are looking to support local. And you know, food source is important for a lot of people. They wanna know where, where their food is coming from and that it's safe Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (23:38): Trust in our food supply is at an all time low because most of what you find at the supermarket, there's no way for you to really know how it was grown or where it came from. Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (23:47): Right, Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (23:48): Right. On Market Wagon, do you get customers asking you questions? I mean, do they engage with you, chat with you? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (23:54): Yeah. Yes. Well we have to remind the customers, because our milk is non homogenized, which means the cream is still in it. Mm-Hmm. . So if they don't shake it up and they pour that first cup out, it, it looks curdled and then they're like, Oh, I got bad milk. I'm like, well, did you shake it? Oh. Oh, okay. Yeah. That, oh this is great. So, you know, we'll get a lot of that. We have a lot of customers that have been customers of ours on Market Wagon since the inception of our bottling. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (24:25): That is really cool. That is very cool. Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (24:28): We turned it off one week to go to state fair and we had a customer call the hub manager concerned, where are they? Where am I gonna get my milk at? So we don't turn it off anymore. We figure out a way to get it to the hub even if we can't be there. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (24:42): Yeah. Showing animals isn't nearly as important as feeding people, right, Maggie? Correct. Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (24:47): . Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (24:49): Well, , I'm just kidding. Sometimes I feel like it is more important, but my opinion is different from most. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (25:00): Well it sounds like on this farm your opinion matters a lot because you get the credit for creating a business that's now feeding thousands of people and keeping the farm alive for another generation. Are you gonna come back and farm Maggie? Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (25:13): Eventually. so my little brother is seven. Yeah. We have a 12 year age gap, so I'm hoping, and Donald's getting a little senile as I'd like to say. So I'm hoping I get to branch off and do my original business plan and I'm hoping to be able to retire from my career by 45. I'm gonna manifest it and then I can come back. Yeah, I saw the face you just made. I'm a very driven person and I feel like, we made vision board at school the other day. I feel like if I really put my mind to it, I can do it. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (25:50): I believe every word that you just said. At 16 years old, you came up with a business plan to save the family farm. You can retire by 45 Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (25:57): . Yes. So when I retire at 45 I do hope to come back to my roots, but I will say it just depends on timing in life and what I have going on and what my little brother decides that he wants to do. So Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (26:10): The important thing is that, I have kids as well, and it was a big thing for me to save our family farm. That's the backstory here for me and Market Wagon. But it's not that I know my kids are going to farm cuz they might not. They have their own, just like you, you have your own aspirations, they're their own people, but that they could if they wanted to. Because when I was 18, it wasn't really a choice. If I had wanted to farm as a career, I couldn't have. And so over the last 20 years I've changed that, on our farm and I'm trying to help other farmers just like you do the same thing. So that when your little brother decides what he wants to do when he grows up, that farming is an option and he can choose to stay where his roots are at and make a living. Yeah. That's very cool. Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (26:58): So that gets really interesting for me because I have a few friends that are like, well we'll call this friend Joe, so Joe, Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (27:09): Don't worry Maggie. I'm pretty sure Joe's not gonna listen to my podcast. Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (27:12): I don't know, I don't know. Joe might. Okay. But Joe came to pick up a pig with me one time and Joe now wants to farm and it's not as easily accessible for people that are like Joe and have not grown up around it and have never done it and have to quite literally learn everything. Whereas there's kids like me, I know some of my friends that didn't get the option to go to college because it's like the farm is here, that's what you're doing. So I'm very thankful that I do have parents that my career path right now is not necessarily being on the farm milking cows. However, I can still help in other aspects. Like I deliver our milk to Findlay market. Like I do other things that aren't directly on the farm, like feeding calves and stuff, but I'm still helping out and my parents are giving me that option. That way I don't feel like I have to stay at the farm. But if I do wanna come back to that at some point in time, that option is there for me. Whereas I have friends who don't necessarily have the option to ever farm and that's what they wanna do. I have friends that do wanna go off and go to nursing school or wanna do other things with their life, but they don't wanna have to lose their farm and they just don't have the option to leave. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (28:30): Wow. Yeah. Farming is really the last profession that we have that's still passed down from generation to generation. Right? Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (28:36): Yeah, for sure. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (28:37): Yeah. Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (28:39): Yeah. You can't just go to school and learn how to be a be a farmer. It's really a trade that you learn from a young age. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (28:47): Yep. And there's not a whole lot of Indeed postings for farmers Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (28:52): . Yeah, for sure. And the ones that do that do have their indeed posting and come out. They don't, they don't normally last very long. It's not like how they see it on TikTok. They have the TikTok farming and they're like, Oh yeah, the wind's gonna blow in my hair as I ride horses to go round up cows. But like they don't show getting cow manure on you or getting kicked by an animal or like, when you have to lose an animal. Like they don't, they don't show the not so beautiful stuff. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (29:20): Yeah. They don't show how people get scared of Nubian goats apparently. I've never seen it Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (29:26): . They just creep me out a little bit. Just a little bit. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (29:33): We only have goats because we don't have very good pasture and the goats will eat, you know, scrub land. So Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (29:38): Right. That's how, that's how Ayrshires are. Ayrshires will eat anything. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (29:42): They're not as picky Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (29:43): Nope. Maggie Mathews (New Horizon Dairy) (29:44): I will admire your goats from afar. Okay. I will support your goats from a very, very, very large distance. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (29:53): Okay. Thank you. That makes me feel so good. This has been a really fun conversation. It's great to meet fellow entrepreneurs. It's great to meet and it's always fun to talk to other farmers and hear your story. If people want to continue to follow you and learn more about you online, where can they do that? Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (30:10): We are on Facebook. Our page is New Horizon Farm and Happy Cows Creamery. And we also have a website, www.happycowsatnewhorizon.com. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (30:22): Okay. So for everybody listening at home, if you're looking to enjoy the milk that Maggie and Jackie and I have talked about here for the last half an hour, you're gonna find it online on Market Wagon and at farmers markets and under the name of Happy Cows Creamery. And that's what's gonna be on the bottle in your kitchen as you're enjoying that milk. The milk in the bottle came from their family farm that the Bickel family owns called New Horizon Dairy. So not to be confused, but when you find 'em online, New Horizon Dairy is the farm providing the milk that goes into your kitchen under the name Happy Cows Creamery Jackie. Maggie, thanks so much for coming on and just telling your story with us. Jackie Bickel (New Horizon Dairy) (30:58): Thank you for the opportunity. Nick Carter (Host - Market Wagon CEO) (31:06): Thanks for listening to this episode of More Than a Mile. Be sure to sign up for Market wagon@marketwagon.com or after downloading the Market Wagon app for iOS or Android. Follow us at Market Wagon on Instagram, Twitter, Pinterest, and Facebook for stories, recipes, special announcements news, and just digital handshakes from our friendly farming community. If you enjoyed more than a Mile, please rate the podcast and write a review on iTunes, castbox podchaser, or wherever you listen to your favorite podcasts. Thank you for continuing to support Local Food.  

This week is all about a family and their successes in and out of the ring with their dairy goats!!  Meet Thanh, Liz, Winny and Belle Duong of CA Blackberry's herd of Nubians and Nigerian Dwarf Goats.  Listen in as we discuss their National Champion, Showmanship in gas station parking lots, amazing DJing skills and everything in between.  This family is the epitome of how raising goats as a family should be.  You won't want to miss it!https://www.facebook.com/CABlackberrys  http://www.cablackberrys.com

Bestselling author Gill Paul returns with a brilliant novel about Lady Evelyn Herbert, the woman who took the very first step into the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun, and who lived in the real Downton Abbey, Highclere Castle, and the long after-effects of the Curse of Pharaohs. Jenny: We're in our second episode of Encore, the new show for Binge Reading On Patreon supporters, talking to favorite authors, people who've already been on the podcast, about their latest release. And today we've got international best seller Gill Paul who's already been on the podcast twice before talking about her latest book, The Collector's Daughter, Gill Paul: The Collector's Daughter Gill's previous JOBR shows: Gill Paul's Famous Fabulous Lives, from November 2019: https://thejoysofbingereading.com/gill-paul-famous-fabulous-lives/ And: Love and Betrayal from September 2020: https://thejoysofbingereading.com/jackie-kennedy/ I love the way Gill makes historical events come alive in her fiction, and this book is no exception. The Collector's Daughter is a dual timeline novel moving between the 1920s and the 1970s telling the story of Lady Evelyn Herbert, the English aristocrat who was involved with the opening of Tutankhamun's tomb in the 1920s, and went on to live through the long-term after-effects of the supposed Curse of the Pharaohs She's also got the claim to fame of having grown up in the ‘real' Downton Abbey, Highclere Castle, where the popular TV series was filmed. Gill, It's great to have you with us again. Jenny: So welcome to the show Gill, and tell us about Pharaoh's tomb and Lady Eve part in it all. Gill: Thanks so much for inviting me on the journey. It's lovely to talk to you.  Evelyn was there with her father, the Earl of Carnarvon and Howard Carter when the tomb was discovered and opened in 1922. And all the evidence is that they sneaked in by night without the Egyptian authorities watching over them Lady Eve first to enter tomb And the Eve was the first one to crawl in and she was a young lady from the English aristocracy. And  I thought ‘Gosh', what would it have been like for her, I'd always been interested in Egyptian stories from school days, but it only really came home to me in 2011 when I visited Egypt. And I went to the Valley of the Kings. We went down that long corridor that Eve and her father and Howard Carter would have gone down in 1922 and saw where his tomb had been and then went up to Cairo and saw all the artefacts in the Egyptian museum. And that was staggering. I mean the enormous wealth of all the gold tombs and the funeral masks and the jewelry, and then little personal details like Tutankhamun's had sandals that pictures of Nubians on the soles, the  Nubians were the enemies of the Egyptians so every time he walked, he was walking on his enemies. I loved all the little personal touches I saw in the tomb. That's what really brought it to life for me. Jenny: It's amazing. Now, one of the themes of the story is penetrates the whole story really is the long-term belief that there was some sort of curse involved in opening the tomb and Lady Evelyn did actually suffer quite a lot of personal misfortune in her life, including being involved in a massive car accident, which resulted in a series of small TIA's, as they're called and later more serious strokes. And part of the story is her as an older lady in the 1970s, when her memory is impaired with memory loss and things, that's an interesting part of it because quite a significant part of the story is told by this older character who's impaired. That was obviously something you deliberately chose to handle that way. Two photographs bookmarked life Gill: My inspiration for this novel when I decided to write about Lady Eve's part and this huge historical event or two photographs that kind of bookmarked her life. Lady Eve at tomb entrance with her father and Howard Carter

Alyson Williams - Iconic Singer Songwriter Alyson Williams, discussing her extended career in the music business and numerous contributions. We cover some of the people he has worked with, Kashif, Melba Moore, Glen Jones, Brand Nubians, Notorious B.I.G. Sting, Bono, Kurtis Blow & The Fat Boys just to name a few.

when we as Nubians ask for Reparationnal compensation what do we hope for, and do we believe it will come easy in a manner which will truly benefit us? What are your thoughts on this? after hearing this episode perhaps you will let me knowContact me through my website: www.godinblackandwhite.complease SUBSCRIBE it's free and you'll be notified of everything new uploadedthank youSupport the show (https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=257FNQGU3UXUC)

Keeping GoatsIf you are just starting out in the goat-raising field, let us help you get prepared a bit. Think of this as a little goat for beginners crash course. We will cover picking the right breed for you, basic care and nutrition, and everyone's favorite thing. Fencing. I might also add that when starting out in any new journey, it is wise to find what I like to call a mentor! They can be a great resource for you and your new family members.Breeds to consider:In the United States, there are 14 common goat breeds.Buck/Wether Doe/DoelingMain - Pygmy, Nubian, Nigerian Dwarf, BoerPygmy goats are small in stature, comical and densely found across the US. Pygmy goats are actually documented as a meat breed, although I do find they are sometimes crossed and used as a dairy breed. Traditionally, Pygmy goats are very good browsers and used often in a pasture rotation setting with other animals.Nigerian Dwarf goats are similar in size to the Pygmy, maybe reaching on average 40lbs. They have a more slender appearance and are a very well known dairy goat breed. Widely popular on small farms and homesteads. With their small size, sought after butterfat percentage and amazing milk potential they make a great addition. Nigeria Dwarf goats hold a butterfat percentage that is on average 6-10%!Butterfat is the fat content found in milk, and is particularly important when it comes to cheesemaking.Nubian goats. Most often only used as a dairy breed, well known for their long ears and Roman noses, Nubians are quite social and incredible milk producers. Nubians have an on average 5% butterfat content in their milk. Nubians are known for being outgoing and a tad loud. They are the largest of the three breeds we are highlighting, and do require a bit more space.Boer goats are bred to thrive under extensive livestock farming conditions in hot, arid environments where the quality of grazing is poor. The breed has the ability to convert poor-quality forage into meat at a very low cost, enabling livestock farmers in these arid areas to farm commercially.Considerations:Goats need a bare minimum of 20 square feet of inside space and 200 square feet of pasture space per goat.They are browsers not grazers- the prefer bushes vs grass.Nutrition needs – they are ruminants and have 4 stomach quadrants. They regurgitate their food and chew their cud.The compartments are the reticulum, rumen, omasum and abomasum, or true stomach.Monogastric or simple-stomached animals such as humans, dogs and cats consume food thatundergoes acidic breakdown in the stomach and enzymatic digestion in the small intestine, where most nutrients are absorbed.In ruminants, feed first undergoes microbial digestion in the reticulum and rumen — together, often called the reticulo-rumen — prior to acidic digestion in the abomasum and enzymatic digestion and nutrient absorption in the small intestine. The microbial digestion in the reticulo-rumen allows ruminants to consume and utilize grass, hay, leaves and browse. – (Meat Goat Nutrition)The bacteria in the rumen are capable of synthesizing all B vitamins needed!FencingBasic needs- hoof trim, vaccines, overall care.Health issues?Herd animals- they are very social and curious. Some even say intelligent.What they eat DOES impact how the milk tastes.Breeding/Milk sharing?They have many quirks. They move into pressure- not away.They have a dental pad in the front top- and on top and bottom they have VERY sharp teeth ( in the back) and can actually break a finger. Or a tree limb etcLifespan- similar to a dog

When The Nubians Ruled | Jerome Skinner | February 26, 2022 by Church of the Advent Hope

Uprising: forces, structures, and possibilities Mahder is currently a PHD student in Political ScienceResearch on the 2019/2020 uprising plus local resistance committee and tea seller unions by engaging Sudanese scholar and activists Historical points and questions.On February 12, 1952, Egypt and BritainHow do you view the issue of Nubians and their struggle in both states? Where do the Nubians fit into the narrative of Pan-Africanism and the National Question? Are they an oppressed nation within nation-states?What was the position of the Sudanese Communist Party in regards to South Sudanese grievances during the early years? It seems Sudan still has active labor unions that impacted and shaped the protest in Sudan. Why do you think the western press ignores that or mis-characterizes the class dynamic of the Sudanese protest and anti-neoliberal narrative? Or have you noticed that?What is the communist view on Pan-Africanism and Pan-Arabism? What is your view on Sudan being viewed as an Arab state and anti-African racism? Jaafar Nimeiry 1969-1985--was supported a socialist branch Sudanese Socialist Unionfalling out with the Communist party---first person who installed the Sharia lawSupport this podcast at — https://redcircle.com/horn-of-africa-leftists/donations

Representative Jamila Taylor of the 30th Legislative District joins Crystal to highlight the legislative priorities of the growing Black Members Caucus that seeks police accountability reforms that align with community values and needs. They delve into the importance of why equitable, sustainable, and accessible resources are the key to issues ranging from public safety to pandemic response to environmental stewardship. As always, a full text transcript of the show is available below and at officialhacksandwonks.com. Find the host, Crystal on Twitter at @finchfrii.   Resources Black Members Caucus Newsletter: https://housedemocrats.wa.gov/taylor/the-black-members-caucus-newsletter/   “Kent badly underestimated outrage over assistant police chief's Nazi insignia, mayor says” by Mike Carter from The Seattle Times: https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/kent-mayor-city-badly-underestimated-outrage-over-assistant-police-chief-who-embraced-nazi-rank-insignia/   “Educate, not incarcerate: The value of restorative justice” from Federal Way Mirror Letters to the Editor: https://www.federalwaymirror.com/letters/educate-not-incarcerate-the-value-of-restorative-justice-federal-way-letters/   “Crime-conscious mayors criticize King County's juvenile justice program” by Olivia Sullivan from Kent Reporter: https://www.kentreporter.com/news/crime-conscious-mayors-criticize-king-countys-juvenile-justice-program/   “The Origins of Modern Day Policing” from NAACP - History Explained: https://naacp.org/find-resources/history-explained/origins-modern-day-policing   Q&A: The Blake Decision - ACLU of Washington: https://www.aclu-wa.org/pages/q-blake-decision   HB 1773 - Concerning assisted outpatient treatment for persons with behavioral health disorders: https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=1773&Year=2021   Transcript [00:00:00] Crystal Fincher: Welcome to Hacks & Wonks. I'm Crystal Fincher, and I'm a political consultant and your host. On this show, we talk with policy wonks and political hacks to gather insight into local politics and policy in Washington State through the lens of those doing the work with behind-the-scenes perspectives on what's happening, why it's happening and what you can do about it. Full transcripts and resources referenced in the show are always available at officialhacksandwonks.com and in our episode notes. So today, we are thrilled to have joining us, Representative Jamila Taylor, from the 30th Legislative District. She's the chair of the Black Members Caucus, just an esteemed and long-standing leader in our community here in South King County and throughout the state, has been doing great work for years, and has now brought her talents to the legislature, leading the Black Members Caucus. Thank you so much for joining us, Representative Taylor. [00:01:05] Representative Jamila Taylor: Thank you, Crystal. I appreciate the time to spend with you today and with your listeners. [00:01:11] Crystal Fincher: I guess I just want to start talking about your capacity as the Chair of the Black Members Caucus. One, wow, this caucus has grown - a much bigger group than it used to be when it was down to one. I was working with the legislator, who at the time was the only member of the Black - it was a Black Member Caucus - but now the ranks have grown. It's a very diverse and esteemed group. What is that like right now? What's on your agenda? What's upcoming in this session that's about to start? [00:01:47] Representative Jamila Taylor: So what's fascinating about the Black Members Caucus is that we've done a lot of internal work to figure out what our true north is. We've grown from five members in the founding of the Black Members Caucus, if you will, as a formal organization to ten that we have now. So just in one elective cycle, we have doubled in size. But if you think about in terms of the entire history of Washington State, we've only had 26 Black folks serve in the legislature. And so generally that's been one or two at a time. And of course we've had historic moments with the 44th - it's the second all-Black delegation - the first was in the 37th - where you have the first Black male senator in 31 years. And of course having two Black senators at a time is incredible with that small group that is heavily influential in policy making and making sure that the interests of the Black community throughout Washington State is really heard. So if you think about it, we've got folks who are representing districts outside of King County - so half of our members are not even in King County - so we got to dispel this myth that we're all concentrated in one spot - in Seattle - and we're spread throughout the region. And of course we have in constituents, if you will, all over the state that are looking to our leadership to not only help the Black community, but lift the rising tides of all. So when we help the most marginalized members of our community, we help the whole community. [00:03:28] Crystal Fincher: Yeah, absolutely. So I guess thinking about what your wins were coming out of last session, certainly a lot was accomplished, and work that needs to continue into this new session, work that is a priority - what's on the top of the agenda? [00:03:45] Representative Jamila Taylor: In terms of the Black Members Caucus, which actually we're changing our name to the Legislative Black Caucus, last year we prioritized all of the police accountability reforms. And we are the first in the nation to have this suite of bills that address police accountability. There would be some in the community who believe that it's the cause of the rise of increasing crime, but remember the pandemic has happened and folks are engaging differently in community and are under stress and under immense challenge. But what I would want to say is that these accountability reforms are necessary for community to be invested in our own public safety continuum. If we hold our law enforcement accountable for a police state, if you would say police brutality, to make sure that they are acting within policy, to make sure that innocent bystanders and those who are innocent until proven guilty are not held to a different standard in terms of, I guess if you will, the kind of brutality that is not necessary. Our policies need to be matching where we are as a community. We saw with George Floyd in the challenges that are global response - and Washington State was the first to step up on a statewide level to codify where community is. With the work with I-940, that really set the tone for us to do this work. So community-driven work is necessary for our communities to be healthy. So we believe that this work with the police accountability reforms, even with us as a diverse caucus - we've got folks who are attorneys, folks who are law enforcement, moms, dads, folks who are just members of the community who are invested in safety not only of the individuals who are stopped by law enforcement, but law enforcement themselves. We don't have to continue on the pathway of the militarization of our police force. [00:06:03] Crystal Fincher: And I want to talk a little bit more about that and about public safety overall. I love the term that you just used - like a public safety continuum. Certainly there is the accountability component and talking about communities that are overpoliced, ineffectively policed, and where the focus is on criminalization and punishment, perhaps more than actually making people safer in addressing those root causes. One question is we continue to see a lot of malfeasance. I mean, we're sitting here recording this show the day after big City Council meetings in both Kent and Federal Way - addressing challenges - like one, Nazi propaganda posted by an assistant chief in Kent. In Federal Way, hostility towards police reform overall by many and seeking to pause on some community-driven initiatives. What do you think needs to be done in order to continue the accountability work? And beyond that, what else can be done just overall to make our community safer and to help bolster some of these community-led, community-driven initiatives to address the root causes of crime and prevent it before it becomes something that happens that police feel obligated to respond to? [00:07:31] Representative Jamila Taylor: I mean, for one, we have to move away from this notion that criminality is race-based. And so, the policing policies and the way that the police departments were founded - based on slave codes - it has racist history. But do we want to eliminate public safety options in community? No. What we want to do is make sure that innocent folks are not attacked just for walking down the street. We don't want to criminalize poverty. We don't want to criminalize individuals who are experiencing substance use disorder or mental health crises that are untreated. We have alternatives to how to address community problems. And expanding resources at the end of the road - meaning in law enforcement, in jails - is costly to communities. We cannot afford to arrest our way out of these problems. We have to get to the root causes. And members of our community, Black members of our community, have been screaming for generations that we need resources. And some of these policies en masse cause more disarray in communities. When you disinvest in communities that have a concentration of poverty, or unfair policing practices, and no investment in jobs or opportunities - one of the best ways you can help make communities safe is provide opportunities for folks to get jobs and education. Why aren't we investing more in that? And where our budgets go is showing where our values are. And it's not to say that law enforcement shouldn't have tools. They should. Some of the tools could be crisis responders so that instead of escalating a situation when someone's in a mental health crisis, that we're de-escalating. So there are techniques out there that allows for the dignity of the individual to be protected as they are contacted by police. And that's not soft on crime. Give the law enforcement the opportunity to investigate crime. We don't sit here and talk about police brutality when it comes to white collar crime and how much fleecing of America that happens that is never accounted for. When we are talking about embezzlement, for example, folks want to be made whole if you stole money from them - you don't necessarily need to put them in jail. There are alternatives in other situations. So, I mean, it's a complex system - that it's hard for a lot of folks, including myself, to navigate. I mean, I'm an attorney. I work outside the criminal justice system with crime victims, and I know how people are impacted by the policies that we set at the state level and at the federal level. And I really wish that people understand that sometimes you're a victim today - you could be in a situation where you could be misconstrued as the perpetrator. And then you can be the victim in the next moment. And no one moment should define your entire future. [00:10:48] Crystal Fincher: Well, and you raise a good point. You raised several good points, and we've seen especially for people who've advanced some of these very common sense reforms that have been accepted as normal, rational for quite some time, that you passed in the legislature, and responses of, "Well, this is hindering police from being able to do their job. You don't care about victims, and what are you going to do? Does that mean that everything that is happening and people being victimized is okay?" What do you say to people who are saying those, or people who don't know what to make about those arguments when they hear them? [00:11:31] Representative Jamila Taylor: I'm a crime victim's attorney, and I represent domestic violence survivors. And most often, domestic violence survivors want the harm to stop. And so that doesn't necessarily mean putting their abuser in jail in all cases. Sometimes it means that person just needs to stop committing the domestic violence. There are individuals who need to be put in jail because they will be hell-bent on harming that individual, that survivor, or those in the path, in the pathway. So when you think about law enforcement, they are most likely to be harmed in responding to a domestic violence call than some of the other traffic stops and community stops. So when we think about how can we address community problems, how do we do that without law enforcement participation in the first place? If someone is having a mental health crisis or a substance use crisis, can we use 988? This is a new system that we're developing that allows people to call this number instead of calling law enforcement when a person is in crisis. When more than 50% of calls to 911 are around substance use and mental health, there are other ways that we can address those challenges rather than "Law enforcement, come fix it, arrest that person." How many times have you been in a home where someone has a person who's a member of the family who has a substance use problem, and they have stolen something from the house? So grandma is upset that her television is stolen, but she's not going to report it to police, even though she can. She's already chosen other methods to address her family problem. And so again, do we want to push everyone into rock bottom and in thinking that that is the only way? We have to have multiple pathways to redemption, and we need to stop stigmatizing individuals who have found themselves addressing, having challenges with substance use disorder, or having untreated mental health challenges. [00:13:39] Crystal Fincher: So how do we do more to put those resources in place? What can you do in your capacity as a legislator to - when someone does need mental health or crisis intervention, that when someone responds, there are resources to connect them with, to actually treat the root cause. Or if someone needs treatment and recovery services, that those are available for someone who wants to seek that treatment? What can we do from a legislative perspective to make sure those resources are there for people who need them - to make us all safer and healthier? [00:14:19] Representative Jamila Taylor: So one of the things that we were addressing in the legislature last year was the Blake decision, which decriminalized possession of controlled substances. And as part of our response, it wasn't simply let's add "knowingly" to the statute and go back to the status quo and keep it as a felony. We, in the legislature, with bipartisan - heavy bipartisan support - decided that no, we're going to reduce it to a misdemeanor, which doesn't satisfy everybody. But we also needed to put the down payment in restoring the services that we need in community - crisis responders, recovery navigators, treatment centers. We have - even City Council members here in my district, the 30th district - saying, "Hey, a legislative priority is to have a treatment center in the City of Federal Way." And so we are now moving away from this "Not In My BackYard" mentality. We need the resources locally, and they need to be regionalized in such a way where folks don't have to go 30 miles, a 100 miles to get a basic service like Suboxone or something. There's so many things that disrupt the person when they're trying to do the right thing. How do we reduce those barriers? And so when you're thinking about the restoration of services and rebuilding our complicated behavioral health system, we've got to make sure that we have a behavioral health system that has compensation, so people can be retained in the industry - professionals. We've got to have the physical infrastructure where people can access treatment, but then we have to have the recovery services that go along with that. So someone needs housing. They may need support with their family law needs, because if you think about it, a lot of folks actually have children and one of the challenges they face is that once they have a substance use disorder, they have difficulty getting access to their children afterwards. And we want those children to be safe, but we also want families to be intact, to be healthy. And how do we support the tools, the tools that people need to be on recovery and to stay in recovery. And so we're all about "Punish you, punish you, punish you from mistakes." Yes, we need accountability, but what is accountability when there are so many resources that are still lacking out there? When a person says, "I can't go through with treatment because there isn't anything in my entire county in Spokane." And that's just an example. I don't know what all the resources are in that particular community, but that's one reason why it needs to be community-driven, because we can't assume that what's available in Seattle or Tacoma is also available in Federal Way, Algona, Pacific. Or think that the best solutions only come from the big bureaucracies of a large city, like Seattle. There's some innovative opportunities that are happening out of Kitsap County, out of Pend Oreille County. We need to listen to all of our citizens as they are coming up with solutions that really matter for their neighbors. [00:17:32] Crystal Fincher: So is more funding on the away? Is there legislation to help ease access, or to align access more? What can be done? [00:17:45] Representative Jamila Taylor: So right now, it's around the supplemental budget and making sure that we continue to make more investments in the behavioral health system, make sure that we are on the right path around the implementation of the new laws that are out there. I'm working on a bill - assisted outpatient treatment - where if a person has been resistant to treatment, how can we get them into services when they're not making rational decisions to do it on their own? And so how does the family engage in that process? How do they petition the court to do it? And then if we do use that method of getting someone into services through a court action, making sure that it's not held against them in so many other venues, as a way to say, look, this person is a problem. No, this should be - they experienced a significant crisis. It's a disease. They're not making the same decisions that you or I would make, and we certainly don't know what it's like to be affected by some of these substance uses. At this time, at this moment, there are people who are in actual recovery serving in the legislature right now. There are people who are parents of folks who have a significant and severe substance use disorders - of all races, of all races. And so we just have to find the common ground to make that political will to invest - reinvest - because so much of it was pulled back with the great recession of 2010, 2008. And we're restoring services that were just slashed and burned and we're seeing the consequence of that. And then, and we're seeing also, how do we do this in a different framework than what we did before the pandemic? When the pandemic gave us the opportunity to say, if we put someone in stable housing, they might have the time and the wherewithal to go to their telehealth appointment. Oh, wait, we find out that they need to have a phone to do that. We find out that maybe having food in their stomach will make it that they don't have to spend so much time getting access to that need and the drugs. So the harm reduction model is something that is absolutely necessary because the hard policy on drugs for the last 60 years has led us to where we are right now, and it has disproportionate impacts on communities. We've got to do something different than what we did before. [00:20:17] Crystal Fincher: Absolutely agree with that. What we have been doing has not worked. We have to do something different. There has to be a change. I want to continue talking about health, especially as we sit here - the Omicron variant is running wild. I have never known as many people with COVID as I do right at this moment. It is hitting everyone. Fortunately, vaccines are still useful and helpful in that they reduce the incidence of hospitalization and death, but that does not mean that people still don't get sick and experience a number of complications from that. Everything from - they're experiencing their own health problems to missing work, missing income, dealing with that. People are worried and concerned because a lot of the safety net protections and supplements that had been there may not be there anymore. Eviction moratoriums are looking at ending where they haven't already ended. And so people right now are going, "Hey, we're still in a pandemic." Lots of people want to be beyond it, but it is not over itself. It is still here. We still need the same kind of help and support that we did in the beginning of this. There are more people affected by it now when we're having lots of these programs end than there were when they were all in place. And so there's a lot of people feeling abandoned, frustrated - parents trying to figure out how to navigate through do they send their kids to school? Do they not? What kind of protections are in place versus not? It's a very unsettling, frustrating, and scary time for a lot of people. How do you plan to address this in the legislature? Is there anything that you can do right now? There's people having a hard time accessing rapid tests, super long lines at testing centers, hard time getting appointments for vaccinations. Do you think there needs to be a renewed effort and a doubling down reinstatement of a lot of the protections that were in place before? What's on your plate and on your docket to get to address this? [00:22:31] Representative Jamila Taylor: I mean, I think this is a complex issue that is hitting all the domains of our daily living. When we say shut down schools, that has not only the impact on the education of the young person, but the childcare resources of the family. So that means that you might be pulling out not one, but both parents, out of the economic market. We don't have universal basic income that folks can rely on if we have to do that and they have to parent the child and educate the child and do what have you. We have folks who have inconsistent access to broadband. So it's like when you do go to a virtual school setting, can they even get the education during that temporary time? I mean, this pandemic might end up being an endemic, meaning that it's going to be with us for the long-term. So we have to come up with strategies that help us cope with the situation. That means vaccinations. While some folks may say that they're not effective, they are effective. It is reducing the hospitalizations. And just last month, FEMA set up a shop in Federal Way where they had 500 to 700 people a day coming in for their vaccinations and their boosters. I went in there for my booster. It was simple. It was easy. And folks want to come back. The only reason why it was interrupted was that snow that happened between Christmas, but I believe that it was modified operations and some people were able to get in despite the snow. If you think about it, when I was in there, there were folks across all racial backgrounds who were getting the vaccinations. And I noticed in one of the stats that the disproportionality is a problem across the state and across the nation. However, folks in communities are catching up. So for example, Joseph Seia, in the Pacific Islander community, has done incredible work to ensure that members of the Pacific Islanders are having access to vaccinations and testing and what have you. And they do it in a culturally responsive way. So having those messengers from community to ensure that they have the good information that's out there - we don't want anyone left behind. And if you choose not to get a vaccine, okay, but we also know that basic medical standards has separation and segregation. When you're getting a surgery, you're not asking to have that surgery in the middle of the meat locker. You're trying to go into an OR, where it's sanitized and people have very limited access to the space. And when you're talking about airborne illness that is hard to control and is easily transmitted, taking reasonable actions - like social distancing, masks, and other precautions - can slow down the spread of the disease. We know we're not stopping it. We would love to get to stop it, but we have to do something and we can't just put our heads in the sand and think, "Oh, I'll take that horse tranquilizer to cure my condition with COVID." As much as you trust the science on that and you don't want to trust the science on the vaccine that is globally researched - researched - I don't know what to say. How do we choose some science and not other science? [00:26:10] Crystal Fincher: Absolutely. And you talked about this being a highly transmissible virus. It is. I think one challenge that a lot of people are looking at and asking our leaders about is that, especially with this more easily transmissible variant, in conjunction with now we have CDC guidelines saying that the quarantine time can be shorter, lots of reports from folks in the service industry where employers are attempting to rush them back to work sick, not taking all the appropriate precautions. They don't have time to get tested and certainly can't afford to take that time off. Even time with vaccinations and experiencing side effects and maybe needing a day off and time to do that, that's not there. Does the legislature have a role to play, or is there anything that can be done to say, hey, if we are going to remain open and try and figure out how to navigate through this without shutting things down, then we have a responsibility to the essential workers who continue to be out there, continue to be exposed to this virus, and people continuing to ask more of them under increasing strain throughout this? Is there a place for mandating, within the states, certain time that people get and making sure that workers have protections? Is there anything that can be done to make sure workers aren't being forced back into work while sick, which impacts the entire community's health? What do you see as the legislature's role with that? [00:27:57] Representative Jamila Taylor: One of the difficulties that we have as a legislature that only meets once a year - for 60 days in even years, and 120 days in off years - is that we are trying to respond to something that's rapidly changing. Two weeks ago, it was 10 days for quarantine. And so the minute we start building statewide policy that responds to that, then something else is going to happen. And so I think that there are some long-term effects that we know off top. How do we address the lack of funding that some schools have, and they may go bankrupt if we can't address how many children are pulled out of the school. So we can talk about how it happens. I know that as Senator Lovick was in the House, he wanted to introduce legislation on a pandemic response, so we can kind of triage through all of this. And I think part of that can inform long-term policy. We can over-legislate and we can under-legislate. I think the complexity of this challenge and the advantage of having a Speaker in the House that has a direct public health background informs us on how we can address some of the challenges in even how we operate. We want to instill confidence in community to live their daily lives. But I know - you and I - in the pandemic post-George Floyd, we don't want to go to a new normal where we go back to old routines where we have four and five jobs. What we want to go is to new possibilities of how to live our life. And sometimes when you have new possibilities, there are new factors that we have to take into account, that what we did before wasn't always healthy. And maybe that is the wake-up call that we need. We were not on a healthy path. Maybe we need to have more healthy Nubians in charge who can help guide us through some ways of thinking about the future of work. [00:30:03] Crystal Fincher: I guess, in this few minutes that we have left, I just want to see if there's anything on the top of your agenda. You're also on the Transportation Committee, a lot more there. Is there anything that folks should keep an eye out for? And how can the public be engaged throughout this session that's happening? And what is your call to people who are just wondering what they can do? [00:30:29] Representative Jamila Taylor: Well, I would say there are four key themes that are still present in the legislature: racial equity, economic recovery, still COVID response. And so I know that there are several legislators who will probably have bills to drop there. And then of course, environmental stewardship. And so if we think about, in terms of transportation, we have this huge transportation federal package that we're waiting to get dropped into Washington State. And how do we use those federal dollars to leverage the resources that we need to put on the table locally? We know we need huge infrastructure packages throughout the state that have been long in the queue to get funded. We're still behind in passing a transportation package. And so the federal money will help us address some of those immediate needs. And - [00:31:22] Crystal Fincher: On that - real quick, just on that transportation thing. I know there's lots of conversation looking at, hey, we're in the middle of this climate crisis. A lot of our communities, especially in South King County - lower income communities, BIPOC communities - are disproportionately impacted by air pollution, other types of pollution. As we look at this new transportation package and cars and highways being a primary source of greenhouse gas emissions and pollution, are you looking for a package that doesn't expand current highways - that it might be maintenance-focused, but maybe not expansion of that and more investment in transit and facilities and infrastructure for people biking and walking who may not be able to drive? [00:32:15] Representative Jamila Taylor: Well, I mean, part of that is building out the infrastructure of where people live. So if you think about our housing policy, if we are expanding options that are transportation-oriented design. So in South King County, we have hubs coming through light rail to Federal Way in particular. So how do we increase the density around those light rail stops? How do we make sure that we have services that are available? So for example, Black Members Caucus is very much interested in having more community health centers throughout the region. So how do you access the basic services within the walking distance? And how do we use public transportation in a safe way? Because - well, the perception is it's not safe to be on public transportation or it's not convenient, and we've got to find ways to respond to the needs of community. And we're in unique times where some folks are working from home, and so how do we change what being in our communities looks like in terms of accessing resources and services in regards to transportation needs. [00:33:25] Crystal Fincher: Yeah. Much appreciated. This is our time for today, but I appreciate you taking this time - [00:33:29] Representative Jamila Taylor: Can I come back? [00:33:31] Crystal Fincher: - to talk with us. Of course, you can come back. You're welcome back any time. No shortage of things to talk about any time you're here, and appreciate the work that you continue to do. Thank you so much, Representative Taylor. [00:33:43] Representative Jamila Taylor: Thank you. Appreciate your time. [00:33:45] Crystal Fincher: I thank you all for listening to Hacks & Wonks on KVRU 105.7 FM. The producer of Hacks & Wonks is Lisl Stadler with assistance from Shannon Cheng. You can find me on Twitter, @finchfrii, spelled F-I-N-C-H-F-R-I-I. Now you can follow Hacks & Wonks on iTunes, Spotify, wherever else you get your podcast. Just type "Hacks & Wonks" into the search bar. Be sure to subscribe to get our Friday almost-live shows and our midweek show delivered to your podcast feed. If you like us, leave a review wherever you listen to Hacks & Wonks. You can also get a full transcript of this episode and links to the resources referenced in the show at officialhacksandwonks.com and in the episode notes. Thanks for tuning in. We'll talk to you next time.

Mini Nubians are the most popular miniature dairy goats! Our guest, Eliya Elmquist from Green Gables Mini Nubians, joins me to discuss the history of the Nubian breed, why she…

From going coast to coast with duffle bags full of empty promises, to now going coast to coast with a promising story. Nubians life was interrupted when reality struck and hopefully yours will too. Share and Subscribe ipleadthetruth@yahoo.com Instagram@ipleadthetruth wlvpottershouse.com instagram@wlvpottershouse Facebook@wlvpottershouse --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/ipleadthetruth/message

In Part 5 of this episode Dr. Ashby discusses Queen Amanirenas Kandrake/ one of the Candance the Nubian warrior queens. Queen Amanirenas was the queen that defeated Roman Emperor Augustus as he attempted to invade, annex, and levy heavy taxes on the Nubians of the Meroitic Empire (Kush). Dr. Solange has been awarded a post-doctoral fellowship at UCLA, she will be in a tenured track and hopes to establish the first Ph.D. program in Nubiology (i.e., the study of Ancient Nubia) She is also founding member of the William Leo Hansberry Society which seeks to create pathways for people of African descent – on the continent and in the diaspora – to engage in the study of African antiquity. Visit them at https://hansberrysoc.org to find out more details. Visit Gorgias Press. Calling Out to Isis (https://www.gorgiaspress.com/calling-out-to-isis)

King Sennacherib and King Esarhaddon continue to expand the mighty Assyrian Empire! The Babylonian King, Merodach-Baladan, returns to again to cause more trouble; King Hezekiah of Judah seeks out a miracle; and Esarhaddon takes on Egypt against the Nubians and the 25th Dynasty! The Neo-Assyrian Empire has arrived! This Podcast series is also available on  iTunes, Spotify, Google Podcast, Stitcher, iHeart Radio, and TuneIn.See more resources, maps, and information at:https://www.dwworldhistory.comCheckout the video version at:https://www.youtube.com/DWWorldHistoryOutlines for this episode are available at:https://www.patreon.com/DWWorldHistorySupport the show (https://www.patreon.com/DWWorldHistory)

Months ago our oldest daughter started talking about missing goats. She was the caretaker of our last bunch of Nubians, and she really liked them. K and I love letting our kids have animals of their own to care for. We both feel they learn so much from animal husbandry.  But could we do goats again? We have had so many problems over the years with them!  After a few months of planning and infrastructure changes, we decided to give our daughter the green light.  Find out what we plan on doing differently this time around, what kind of goats we got, and some of my Daughters plans for her animals in this Podcast! Sign up to our email list so you don't miss any of our videos here - LOVE HOMESTEADY? Help us keep it going! Becoming a Pioneer - You get instant access to the new forum, discounts, and homesteading classes and podcasts! Are you shopping at Amazon? Shop through our Amsteady Link Just click that link then do your regular shopping, it doesn't cost you any extra but we earn a commission for sending you there. Get Homesteady Tee Shirts (and other clothing) Here - Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sit back and relax as this week we discuss beef between the Nubians and YouTubians (Dr.Umar and Kevin Samuels), J Cole's album anticipation, doc, and basketball career, other music of course, and many other things going on in the world.  [apologies for the poor audio quality this week, we will ty to resolve this in the future :) ]

@kmens5 breaks down the second drop of the Nubians collection, his inspiration, and the place of the NFT collection in the art and crypto spaces.

Tekh shows why the Ancient Egyptians and Nubians are more closely related than we think --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Around the same time the ancestors of the ancient Egyptians began to settle along the banks of the upper Nile, the ancestors of another people began to settle along the banks of the great river to their south.These people were the Nubians, and early on they established a civilization as advanced and as sophisticated as the great northern neighbor.  In this episode, we will introduce these ancient and relatively unknown people, how and when their civilization began, how they came to be dominated and overshadowed by the ancient Egyptians for the better part of a millennia, before regaining their independence, and turning the tables of history.

GOOD VIBRATIONS (LIVE DANCE HOUSE MIX) Vol. 1 MIXED BY DJ HARD HITTIN HARRY (HAITIAN ALL-STARZ) Liberation - Les Nubians Mama (Ambonati Afro Soul Remix) No More (N'Dinga Gaba Remix) - Dave Anthony, Beverlei Brown, N'Dinga GABAFiori - BME Give Me You (Libation Vocal) - Byron J. Moore, Ian Friday Grace - Jennifer Johns Woman So Strong - FutureFue, Nuzu Deep, Doug GomezIn Common (Black Coffee Remix) - Alicia Keys From Jamaica to Brasil Rework 2020 - Silvano Del GadoUniversal Law (Vick Lavender's Time Traveler Main Mix) - Vick Lavender, Brutha Basil Blessed Are The Meek - Amir Alexander Das Dope - ATFC, DJ Spen, Jihad Muhammad Sanctuary - Bescheerer & Matt Gill Or Stay Alive - Daniel Rateuke, Ursula Rucker Invisible - FKA MashSomebody To Love Me - Mark Ronson & The Business Intl Voodoo Ray - A Guy Called GeraldDonnie (DJ Pope Remix) - The It Bend Down Low - Askel RedSquareUntold Stories (1804 Remix) - DJ Hard Hittin Harry & DJ Super JB Obba Irawo - Lou Gorbea Let's Start The Dance (remix) - Bohannon

Thousands of years ago, ancient Nubians drew pictures on tomb walls of a terrible disease that turns the eyelids inside out and causes blindness. This disease, trachoma, is still a scourge in many parts of the world today -- but it's also completely preventable, says Caroline Harper. Armed with data from a global mapping project, Harper's organization Sightsavers has a plan: to focus on countries where funding gaps stand in the way of eliminating the disease and ramp up efforts where the need is most severe. Learn more about their goal of consigning trachoma to the history books -- and how you can help. (This ambitious plan is one of the first ideas of The Audacious Project, TED's new initiative to inspire global change.) Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

We have a very special guest: Dr. Manu Ampim Most of us only know of the name Nubia by an obscure reference in the movie that influenced our thinking about Egypt. In the movie The Ten Commandments and erroneous and generationally poisonous film written by Cecil B. DeMille we are told the biblcal account of the exodus. In the film the young son of Moses points to a few black people and he  says with great surprise, “Look Father Nubians!”  Now, we can go into the corruption of who or what Moses was, and who and what the Hebrews were, who moved out of Egypt, and we may do that at another time, but tonight we are exploring: Who were the Nubians? Where is Nubia? Why is Nubia historically important? Dr. Manu Ampim, educator, researcher, author and historian will discuss the significance of Nubia and the Save Nubia project. This is a LIVE call-in show:  661-467-2407 and press #1 September 5, 2014 Friday at 5-7pm pacific time and 8-10pm eastern time.