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Toy Power Podcast
#447: VENOM & ToyFare Banter!!

Toy Power Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 20, 2026 67:40


This Week on the Toy Power Podcast; we have another Segment for The Team - this round featuring the arch Enemy of the M.A.S.K. Heroes - Vicious Evil Network of Mayhem - V.E.N.O.M.! We take into effect their Appearances, their Mask's Capabilities & but not limited to; even pulling from their Stats. The usual run-down of: Leader, Muscle, Specialist, Wheelman & of course Vehicle! This was a fun one. Who would you have picked?!? Then Trent flips through the Magazine Pages of old ToyFare issues - in our repeat "From The Vault" segment. This round it focuses on Predictions (from the early 2000's) with us trying to guess what direction the articles where trying to go in. Plus another Fun article focused around the "Dirty Little Secrets" surrounding our beloved: Masters Of The Universe property. How many do we know? How many did you know? Enjoy!Support the show: http://patreon.com/toypowerpodcastSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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Latent Space: The AI Engineer Podcast — CodeGen, Agents, Computer Vision, Data Science, AI UX and all things Software 3.0

Last 4 days before regular tickets sell out at AI Engineer World's Fair - this is the single biggest gathering of AI Engineers, Founders, Leaders, and Researchers in the world. Attendees get >$5000 worth of sponsor credits and talk tracks are looking FANTASTIC. Join us!The AI scaling debate always focuses on the question of “how do we get more GPUs?” but the better question may be: how do we make the most of ones we already have.The fact that a frontier lab like xAI could be running at sub-10% MFU (Model FLOPs Utilization) is just a hint at what the real problem may be.For context, older frontier-scale training runs were already much higher than 10%. GPT-3 was around 21% MFU. Gopher was around 32%. Megatron-Turing NLG was around 30%. PaLM reached around 46%. And our guest Anjney says best-in-class MFU today is closer to 60–70%.It's not necessarily that xAI is uniquely incompetent (it's clear they have talented folks) but rather the priorities may be flipped in the GPU arms race.While GPU access is a bottleneck, simply increasing CapEx won't automatically translate to better models as frontier AI is increasingly a systems problem: scheduling, utilization, networking, kernels, frameworks, data pipelines, parallelism, cluster reliability, and the thousand small decisions that determine whether your theoretical FLOPs become real training progress.From building Discord's developer platform and backing frontier AI companies like Anthropic, Mistral, Black Forest Labs, and Periodic Labs to now building AMP's independent compute grid, Anjney Midha has spent years close to the real bottlenecks of AI scaling. In this episode, Anjney joins swyx at Periodic Labs to unpack why the AI race is not just about buying more GPUs, why 95% utilization would have been considered an outage at Google, and why the next era of AI infrastructure has to be more aligned, more efficient, and more responsible.We go deep on AMP's vision for a compute grid that makes FLOPs flow like megawatts, the difference between full-stack AI labs and horizontal pooling, why AI data centers need community buy-in, and how compute markets could evolve into something closer to an independent system operator. Anjney also explains why DeepMind's unpublished research points to a market failure, why end-of-life prediction remains one of the most important AI applications he has thought about for fourteen years, and why “output maxing” may become a new discipline for frontier systems.We also discuss Anthropic's culture, why “luck favors the prepared mind” in coding models, how Claude cracked coding, why too much capital too early can make AI labs fragile, what Periodic Labs is trying to do with science and superconductors, why great researchers can become great CEOs, and why Silicon Valley is both deeply missionary and deeply mercenary.We discuss:* Why 95% utilization was considered an outage at Google* Why AI infrastructure waste compounds at frontier-lab scale* Why “move fast and break things” does not work for AI data centers* How data center backlash, power grids, and community incentives shape AI scaling* AMP's vision for making FLOPs flow like megawatts* Why compute needs an independent system operator* How interruptible demand and dynamic prioritization worked inside Google* Why DeepMind research hoarding creates negative externalities* AMP's 1.2GW base-load ambition and the need for 6GW of spike capacity* Why end-of-life prediction could become one of AI's most important healthcare applications* Frontier Systems, output maxing, and full-stack alignment* Why APIs and abstraction layers become lossy as organizations scale* Superconductors, standards, and the dream of lossless systems* SF Compute, open protocols, and the future of compute marketplaces* Why non-NVIDIA chips can still benefit from NVIDIA's reference architecture* Trust boundaries and why chip startups need visibility into future model architectures* Why VCs often underestimate researchers as CEOs* Scientists as star athletes of the mind* Why great CEOs need to be confrontational up and down the stack* Why leading the frontier matters more than “winning”* How Anthropic cracked coding* Why culture is fragile, not a permanent moat* Why hardship was a feature, not a bug, for Anthropic* Why Anthropic's P0 was coding from day one* Periodic Labs, physics as the constraint, and technical reality* Silicon Valley mercenaries, missionary teams, and what happens after a breakthroughAnjney Midha* LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/anjney* X: https://x.com/AnjneyMidhaAMP PBC* Website: https://amppublic.com/* X: https://x.com/amppublicTimestamps00:00:00 Introduction00:00:09 Why AI Compute Is Being Wasted00:03:17 Responsible Infrastructure and Data Center Backlash00:06:07 AMP Grid: Making FLOPs Flow Like Megawatts00:12:41 Foundry, Frontier Labs, and Research Hoarding00:14:42 Gigawatt-Scale Compute and End-of-Life Prediction00:24:08 Frontier Systems, Output Maxing, and Alignment00:27:38 Compute Markets, SF Compute, and Non-NVIDIA Chips00:32:57 Trust Boundaries, Co-Design, and Researcher CEOs00:38:17 AI Coachella and First-Principles Thinking00:42:43 Leading vs Winning in Frontier AI00:45:54 How Anthropic Cracked Coding00:48:25 Culture, Hardship, and Anthropic's P000:54:03 Periodic Labs, Physics, and Silicon Valley Mercenaries00:56:26 Rishi Valley, Singapore, and Money as a Measure00:58:47 Closing ThoughtsTranscriptIntroduction: Anjney Midha, AMP, and Compute WasteSwyx [00:00:00]: We're in Periodic Labs with Anjney Midha, CEO, founder of AMP. Welcome.Compute Utilization: Node Allocation, MFU, and AlignmentAnjney [00:00:09]: Thanks for having me. At Google, there are two types of utilization usually, right? That you're measuring in these clusters. One is node allocation, and then the other's MFU. Node utilization is usually like what percentage of cards in the data center are just, used, and that, if it's not at, 95%-Swyx [00:00:29]: There is no excuseAnjney [00:00:29]: There's no excuse, right? I think 95% at Google, which is where my co-founder, Seb, came from, he built the Borg, PBorg/GQM scheduler at Google, and there I think 95% was considered an outage, so 96% node utilization is, should be standard. And most single-tenant clusters are not running at that. So that's one. And then MFU should be, I would say the best in class today is somewhere between 60 and 70%. I think this is a leadership question, right? Fundamentally it's an alignment question, which is are the people who are funding the cluster and then deploying the cluster actually aligned? And sometimes theoretically they are, but in practice the number of people in the chain, the supply chain between, the capital and all the way to whoever's managing the cluster and then whoever's measuring what the output is, are just so many, degrees of separation away that, the, The Have you ever heard the radian metaphor, which is at the beginning of an arc, if you have two arcs that are two lines that are just off by a few degrees, that-Swyx [00:01:33]: It spreads outAnjney [00:01:34]: It spreads out, right? Or at scale. And I think what's happening is a lot of cluster implementations and infrastructure, a lot of frontier labs and other teams, that's what's happening, is they're, they initialize the plan, which is kind of like North Star with a team that wants to do good, but then they're, required to scale so fast instead of iteratively that the wastage just compounds really fast at scale. And so I think we know the answer, which is just do iterative bring ups. If you spend time with people who've been in the semiconductor industry or the DSN industry for a long time, this is not new, and I don't think AI should be an excuse. Sure. Something What is new? Okay. We have a lot of new capabilities, but that doesn't mean just abandon common sense. Common sense should always be in fashion. ? AI scaling doesn't change the in fact, if anything, AI scaling should be putting a premium on the value of common sense and infrastructure because the margin of error now is so much lower and the costs of wastage are so much higher. And the cost of wastage, by the way, is not just economic. I'm, obviously I'm, I'm an investor, or I'm an investor by background. Over the last few years now we're running an AI infrastructure business called, AMP. And I think that it's okay to say this time is different on the capabilities front. We are genuinely getting capabilities at, of the, of a kind we haven't had before. That doesn't give you an excuse to say this time is different for everything, especially infrastructure. So look, I love the hacker mindset and the hustler mindset. Now, that's great for the startup mindset, but you remember this moment where Zuck went from saying, “Move fast, break things” to, move-Responsible Infrastructure and Data Center BacklashSwyx [00:03:10]: Fast and stable infrastructureAnjney [00:03:11]: Move fast with stable infrastructure. I think now we need to move fast with, responsible infrastructure. People are going to ask where the impact is. There was a really In our class yesterday, Scott Nolan, who's the founder of General Matter, came by at Stanford to speak about energy bottlenecks. And he had a phenomenal idea. He said, “if you look at the marginal unit economics of compute per hour,” he goes, “let's call it, $4 an hour. If you're having to bring up a new data center in a new community, why not just say we're going to charge 4.50 an hour, and that marginal impact or that marginal increase, we just literally take that and give it to the local community as cash?” I can tell you as a customer of that compute, I would love that. I'd be happy to pay an additional 50 cents per hour at scale.Swyx [00:03:57]: Wow. Yeah.Anjney [00:03:58]: Because if that means the public benefit is so clear to the communities that the data centers are coming up in, I'm going to feel like that compute is much more reliable. Up to 20% of all data centers this year in the US, my understanding is are at risk.Swyx [00:04:13]: Of community backlash?Anjney [00:04:14]: Correct. Of not getting the community support they need to get brought up.Swyx [00:04:19]: Wow. That's a huge number.Anjney [00:04:20]: Yeah. Now, we, I think we should dig into what that number is. I think it's a little bit of overstated. These things can get over-reported, but it-Swyx [00:04:27]: They don't just care about jobs. They care about all the other stuff around it, right? They care about power grid, they care about environments-Anjney [00:04:33]: Power grid, permitting, and so on. And imagine I think if you said there's a new AI deal. If we're bringing up a data center in your community, we're actually going to reduce the cost of your electricity bill. Okay, now we're talking. Right? The community's going, “Okay. Now this is a deal. I feel like a partner in this.” Right now that's not happening. There will be audits, there will be investigations, and when the, when the regulators come, I don't know when it's going to be, the folks who are moving fast and breaking things in the name of AI progress better be prepared. That's certainly not how we're procuring compute. Or we're, we're trying as much as we can to work with partners who have long-term track records. Many of whom, by the way, are not, AI providers. I think this whole idea of neoclouds being somehow this new category is a lot of marketing speak. There are really good, reliable, trusted data center providers in America who've been around 20 plus years. I love those folks. They know how to Sure. Are they sponsoring happy hours at NeurIPS? No. Are they legibly listed in Build? No. Are they hanging out in my, in, situational awareness parties? No. But they're adults. I trust them.Swyx [00:05:44]: They can run LAN. They can run power.Anjney [00:05:45]: They can run LAN, power, and shell. They have credit histories. We sit down, we have a conversations. Many of them live in Silicon Valley. They've, they've had to deal with the boom and bust cycles of the internet, and I love those folks. They are stable infrastructure partners and thinkers. And I think there's a lot of short-term thinking going on in the compute layer, and it's going to catch up to us. It's not going to be good.AMP Grid: Making FLOPs Flow Like MegawattsSwyx [00:06:07]: You talk about aligning incentives, and, I would think that aligning incentives means you have the full stack in one company, which is xAI and OpenAI, right? So you as a standalone infrastructure layer, why are you somehow more aligned to your portfolio companies than people who just own the whole thing?Anjney [00:06:28]: In systems design, right, there's, there's two regimes of, architecture, right? You have integration, and then you have pooling and utilization, right? So the Or rather, the way to increase utilization often is you can do systems integration where you collapse a lot of process into one node, or you can pull out a process from a node and share that amongst various That resource amongst several different nodes. And so we see the AMP grid, which is, the, what, the system we're building here, which is basically a compute grid. We're trying to do for compute what the electric grid-Swyx [00:07:02]: PowerAnjney [00:07:02]: Yeah, what the power grid did for electricity. It-- this is a pooling and utilization layer across clouds, And so we're actually the opposite of a full stack integration like approach.Swyx [00:07:12]: Super horizontal.Anjney [00:07:13]: Where it's much more horizontal and it's, it's multi-cloud, it's multi-silicon. The goal is to try to make FLOPs flow like megawatts, and that is very hard to do today for many reasons. There's stranded pools of compute all over the place and there's no fungibility. And so right now we do it at the level of scheduling, and we often do it at the economic layer. But as we start to announce what we're working on, it's extraordinary like how many folks are coming out of the woodworks and saying, “Hey, I'm actually working on a way to make compute fungible at this part of the stack and that part of the stack.” And as a grid, we'd like all of these folks to participate on the grid. There's, people often ask me, “Andra, are you a new cloud?” And I go, “No, actually neoclouds are suppliers.” sometimes they'll ask, “Are you a venture capital firm?” I go, “No, actually they are, they are demand like sort of off-takers of the grid.” We see ourselves as what's called an independent system operator. So if you study the history of the electric grid, once it became legible to a lot of factories and industrial sort of participants that, hey, actually it turns out pooling is a good idea. We should pool our generators instead of all having a generator running at half capacity in our backyard. There was a need for an independent entity who could coordinate all these parties. Transmission line, power generation, facilities, transmission lines, factories, and that neutral coordination mechanism is very critical. In order-- If you study like the history of grids, the most enduring ones were those that never owned their own assets. They were ones that had, or often started with long-term anchors who are uncorrelated sources of demand, a steel factory, a shoe mill or whatever in a particular town who weren't competitive, where the steel factory want to spike up at night, the shoe mill wanted to spike up during the day. So then you pool and you share, right? So each of you is guaranteed some base load, but then you kind of schedule your spikes to drive a peak utilization across the town. The gold standard, so to speak, historically, has been these utility companies like PJM Interconnect in the northeast of America, where they, over many years became this what's called an ISO, an independent system operator of the grid. So that's how we see ourselves. Economically, that's what we are. From a technical perspective, we started at the scheduling layer because Seb and Mihai, who, run engineering here, built that at-Swyx [00:09:28]: Did your schedulingAnjney [00:09:28]: They did that at Google. And, -Swyx [00:09:32]: And you have infra shops from Discord as well.Anjney [00:09:35]: I have some.Swyx [00:09:35]: I don't know, I don't know if Discord is like the primary identity, but what-whatever, I'm just kind of-Anjney [00:09:39]: No, D-Discord was-Swyx [00:09:40]: Choosing a well-known name.Anjney [00:09:42]: Well, I So I was running the developer platform there. The internal infrastructure I was not responsible for. That was actually a guy by the name of Mark Smith, who was extraordinary. And yes, Discord did pool So Discord is actually a counter example. I had the chance to learn a lot about fully, full stack infra there because-Swyx [00:09:56]: It's the same thing, yeahAnjney [00:09:57]: It's the, it's the other architecture which is, Discord built its own WebRTC vo-voice and video infra. So like Discord did not use-Swyx [00:10:08]: For the calls, yeah.Anjney [00:10:09]: Yeah, did not For communication, Discord did not use third party infra. It was all built in-house. And then the way you maximize utilization was you pool demand from the world's 200 million plus monthly active gamers, right? And so that's, that's how those stacks were constructed. Again, in systems design, the two concepts that keep coming up over and over again are abstraction and composition, right? And-Swyx [00:10:31]: Bundling and unbundlingAnjney [00:10:33]: Bundling and unbundling, abstraction, composition, like verticalization and-Swyx [00:10:36]: HorizontalAnjney [00:10:36]: Horizontalization. So in that sense, AMP is an independent system operator of the grid. We pool demand, we pool supply from a number of partners we trust At about 1.3 gigawatt scale over four years. And then we pool demand from some of the world's best, research labs and so on. We're sitting at one, periodic labs who need extraordinary long-term demand. And the idea is that, each of them is guaranteed base load on the grid, but they can spike up and down flexibly on, for compute, with much shorter timelines as needed. That was roughly the design of the program I came up with at a16z called Oxygen. The same-- That was the same design of the GQM, BorgX, Borg GQM implementation at Google that Mihai and Seb had built. Which was that how do you allow, teams inside of Google, on the internal infrastructure to be guaranteed capacity, for their base workloads? But when they need to spike up on research, how could they ensure that was sufficiently there? And of course, the big innovation that was not discovered, but kind of implemented in the space, this infra space maybe three, four years ago at Google was the idea of interruptible demand, right? Where you just queue up a bunch of jobs and through this like sort of credit system, there can be a bidding mechanism.Swyx [00:11:53]: Like priorities.Anjney [00:11:54]: It's a dynamic prioritization Basically. And jobs can get interrupted based on somebody else who's saying, “what? I have 10 tokens, 10 credits I want to spend on this job.” Another like team lead, research lead is “Genie 3 or whatever is only worth five, credits, and NanoBanana2 is worth 10 credits,” and so the NanoBanana job gets priority. That's a, that's a made up example.Swyx [00:12:15]: It's very real. Brain Marketplace was real. And, we've, we've covered this on the pod with David Luan, who was-Anjney [00:12:20]: Oh, great. OkaySwyx [00:12:20]: Was there. And the criticism is that, well, actually sometimes you need central command to go all in on a thing. And actually sometimes capitalism via credits doesn't work. Not, this is not a criticism of AMP. I'm just saying, this is a thing that has been tried, internally within Google, and it led to Google missing GPT.Foundry, Frontier Labs, and Research HoardingAnjney [00:12:41]: Like, we structured ourself essentially very similarly to Google. We are structured as a holdings company. So, Alphabet holdings is Alphabet holdings, and then they've got these subsidiaries called Google and-Swyx [00:12:51]: Other betsAnjney [00:12:52]: Other bets and so on. We've got, AMP holdings, and we've got our infrastructure business, and then we've got a capital business called Foundry that incubates new frontier AI labs or invests in them as venture capital, like Periodic. We put a few hundred million dollars into Anthropic from our fund earlier this year. So wherever we feel like teams are making progress, especially researchers and so on who've pushed the frontier inside of existing labs like DeepMind, I find, there comes a point where they feel misaligned with the dictatorship of Alphabet holdings. And at that point, sometimes the dictatorship doesn't want them anymore. And they're “Thank you. You've done your job here. You've kind of helped us through the zero to one phase, and for whatever reason, we're going to deprioritize your amazing, omni model or whatever it is, and instead we're going to prioritize coding.” And, I think that's a tragedy, but I get it. They're Sergey and team are running their own business there. But that doesn't mean we the rest of us should sit around waiting for that progress to get unlocked for the rest of the world and humanity. If you think about how much extraordinary research has happened inside of DeepMind over the last 10 years, I, Demis and Sergey and those guys did such a great job. But at the end of the day, so much of that has never seen the light of day?Swyx [00:14:00]: Or they're like papers only, but they never actually shipped it to production or-Anjney [00:14:03]: What's worse is the paper is actually not even being published anymore ‘cause there's a six-month embargo inside of DeepMind, right? We've heard about this where a paper comes out, and then I think there's a six-month embargo window where if anybody on the business team says, “This could be interesting” It's embargoed for life.Swyx [00:14:18]: Exactly. So the stuff that gets published is the stuff that's not good enough.Anjney [00:14:21]: There's an adverse selection problem, basically. Yeah. At this point-Swyx [00:14:25]: It's, it's a common complaint at NeurIPS, by the way, that's “Well, why would I look at the papers that are the trash of GDM?”Anjney [00:14:31]: Again, I think it's a tragedy. I get it. They're running their business, but the rest of the I think there's negative externalities of research being hoarded, and so that'there's a market failure. And somebody needs to unlock that research, and we can't do it on our own. We only have 1.2 gigawatts of compute. That's nothing. That's about $40 billion of cloud spend. We're going to need a lot-Gigawatt-Scale Compute and End-of-Life PredictionSwyx [00:14:51]: By the way, is that's a new number. I haven't, haven't come across that gigawatt number. That's huge.Anjney [00:14:56]: Yeah. And to be clear, we haven't secured all of it. That's how much demand we have started to secure. I think publicly we haven't actually confirmed how much we have for this year. In order-Swyx [00:15:04]: Where do you want to get to?Anjney [00:15:06]: I think the steady state would be that we have a base load pool Of 1.2 gigawatts at all times Of base load capacity. For spike capacity, right now my estimate is we need roughly six gigawatts over the next four years for all our teams to feel like they were able to keep moving the frontier, whatever they're working on, whether it's, like superconductor discovery over here. There's a new investment we're working on right now, which is in the end of life prediction space in healthcare. It's extraordinary how much you can, you can give this was actually my graduate school work. I went to grad school for bioinformatics at Stanford Med. And I know we-Swyx [00:15:40]: Econ, MCS, bio.Anjney [00:15:41]: So my-- I was this really weird cat where, I was never satisfied with my major options. So at one point I was an econ major, then I was a CS major, then I was a MCS major called mathematical computational science, and they decided they were going to end that major. So I took all that coursework, and I applied it to grad school, my graduate degree in bioinformatics, which was the master's program, and then I thought I was going to do a PhD. I never ended up doing it. I dropped out and went to work at Kleiner. But I was lucky enough to apprentice with this professor at, Stanford Med. His name is Nigam Shah, and he was working on end of life prediction. Stanford is one of the only research facilities in America that has a longitudinal patient data set that's larger at scale. I think it's at least 12 million patient lives. The only larger data set is at the VA, the Veterans Affairs, of America. And to do research, like do any deep learning and so on that data set, it was called the STRIDE data set at that time, you had to be a Stanford Med School affiliate, which is why I went and enrolled in the bioinformatics department. End of deep learning was early. Nigam Shah had the visibility-- the vision to see that, you could do end of life prediction to help palliative care. In America, the, over 30% of all Medicare, Medicaid spend, at least at that time, was spent on end of life care. And what's we grew up in Asia, so we all-- Yeah, at least I won't speak for you, but I have A very different relationship with death than I find folks who grew up in America do. In America, spiritually and culturally, especially in Western societies where Christianity, the Christian tradition sort of frames death as this terminal point, there's often a judgment day and so on. The way we view death is with a finality. In Indian culture, in Hindu culture, death is one-Swyx [00:17:35]: Also, he's Buddhist as well.Anjney [00:17:36]: You're Buddhist, yeah. So it's one, it's one step in a journey of many lives, right? And so, I grew up in this city called Chennai in the south of India, and when people die, you dance on the street. There's like a procession where your body is carried to be cremated and your family, like celebrates and there's drums and so on. It's this huge thing. And, It's because the idea is that you're going to be reincarnated. You've been liberated from the responsibilities of this life, and now you're onto your next. It's a new It's like going off to a new college or whatever, right? And so it was so alien to me when I got here as an undergrad- That the medical system works backwards from that assumption that we have to view death as this terminal thing and delay it, postpone it's a bad thing. And so at the time, clinical decision support in the United States was this very primitive field. Even to this day, physicians in the United States often will tell you when you have a terminal disease, this is your, we've diagnosed you, which is great. Our ability to diagnose you is extraordinary. You have somewhere between six months to six years to live. What do you do with that information? The error bars are so high that then you In times of uncertainty, we default to culture, and when the culture is let's-- this is a bad thing, I've got to prolong my life, then you start doing things like And just to, just sort of from a systems perspective, what's going on there is Physicians often feel like they need to provide such high error bars because there's always some uncertainty in end of life diagnosis, and if you provide the wrong Diagnosis or recommendation to your patient, you can be sued for medical malpractice. And then your license can be taken away. It can be catastrophic for your career. In contrast, if in countries where that's not the case, what you often observe is that patients, physicians are quite prescriptive with their recommendation. They say, “Hey, this is your condition. The literature says that you probably have this much time on Earth left. My expert opinion is that you are an outlier or whatever.” And they try to be more prescriptive, and that empowers a patient, right? ‘Cause then a patient can say, “I trust my doctor. They said on average, I have six months to live, but if I do these things, I may have a shot because of my particular predispositions or my genetic history or whatever.” And that empowers you to go about your life in a actually more scientific way than leaning on religion, culture, spirituality, and so on. In contrast, here, because of that medical malpractice sort of thing looming over your head, a physician never gives you a clear recommendation. So instead you say, “Okay, Doc, well, let's try it all.” And then you start a whole regime of drugs and therapies, and then you often spend weeks and weeks in the hospital, and that deteriorates your quality of life. And when that deteriorates your quality of life, you instead of spending your last few days doing the things you love with your family, you're spending it on a hospital bed. And that ends up being thirty percent of Medicare and Medicaid. So it's worse for the patients. The doctors feel terrible. The American taxpayer is paying a huge amount of money. And so this is why Nigam Shah, who was this professor at Stanford, said, “Anjney, if there's “ I kind of sat down with him. I was this young, I'd, I was twenty-one, and I was “I want to work on a big problem.” He's “The big problem is end of life care.” And so we tried to do deep learning to say, to-- So we started trying to run deep learning on these tried patient data sets to say, “Could you have an AI system make a recommendation that is orders of magnitude more precise about how much time you have left once you've been diagnosed with a terminal condition than a human?” And then if we can get that precision to be high enough, then you can empower the patient. And it turns out the tech works. Like it's-- Once you get the data set, like RL works. Honestly, even regression models work. You don't need to get that fancy. At the time, we were just trying, doing like very simple neural nets.Swyx [00:21:54]: Simple solutions, yeah.Anjney [00:21:54]: Today, what we can do with RL is extraordinary. The problem remains then and now is regulatory, because you actually can't shift the burden of the wrong clinical diagnoses from the physician to the AI system. And so at that time, I got quite disillusioned ten years ago for, twelve years ago where, ‘cause I felt I just didn't have the resources to influence regulation. Today, I'm very lucky. I'm in a different place. I've, I'm a lot older, and so I've been spending a lot of time on my next incubation, which is how can we unlock the, patient empowerment by training AI models to do end of life prediction much, with much more precision and ac-Swyx [00:22:37]: Oh, wow. You're still focused on this the whole time.Anjney [00:22:40]: The-- I haven't been able to get, this out of my mind a single day for the last fourteen years. This is the hill I want, I would like to die on. There's two, I would say. What? I actually, I'd prefer not to die.Swyx [00:22:51]: Yeah, exactly.Anjney [00:22:52]: But I think two bipartisan issues, I think two issues that should be bipartisan in America are how do we empower patients to make the right clinical decisions at the end of their life, such that we're reducing the taxpayer burden with science? It's just good old science, and AI can help here. And the second is, net positive data centers, ‘cause I think that's the biggest critical bottleneck on training and good enough AI models to help people at the end of their life. So there's sort of two sides of the, of the same scaling bottleneck curve, but those two, we formed AMP as a public benefit corporation. My wife and I, who you've met, you've met Viv. Her passion is education. Her family is a long line of educators and so on, and, of physicists. And so this class is my attempt to stop being the black sheep of the family and be a, an educator. But if I'm not educating, the thing I would be doing is working, on these two problems, whether on the political spectrum or as a researcher back at, in some lab. And my hope is if anyone's listening to this podcast, if they're passionate about either of those two topics, I'd love to hear from them. We'll, we'll we can share the contact in the show notes, but, we're looking for people to join both of those missions on the, on the political side as well as on the medical side, on the research side.Frontier Systems, Output Maxing, and AlignmentSwyx [00:24:08]: You said, this is a discipline that you want to form. You call it's called variously called Frontier System. It's variously called One Person Frontier Lab. What is the ideal name or shape of this? Like the, what is the mission?Anjney [00:24:24]: Of the class?Swyx [00:24:26]: Of the discipline that you're, exploring, right? I The class is called Frontier Systems. But like for me, maybe one phrase is you're, you're just anti-waste, right? Which is wasting GPUs, wasting in human and Medicare. But is there, is there a broader theme that I'm, that maybe you can encapsulate more succinctly?Anjney [00:24:45]: Yeah. The, from an engineering perspective, it's very simple. It's output maxing. It's the, it's the department of output maxing.Swyx [00:24:51]: Making the most of what we have.Anjney [00:24:52]: Exactly. I'm a huge believer in optimal outcomes. I think both in America and other countries, we are losing our appreciation for nuance, and this is the thing of And AI is the same case, right? Oh, the bitter lesson holds. Okay, fine. But that doesn't mean you just like throw 500 GB300, 500,000 GB300s at your suboptimal model scaling and you waste a bunch of compute. It also doesn't mean that, the most optimal is to have like 50 different architectures where there isn't enough standardization. One of the reasons Anthropic has had extraordinary sort of velocity is ‘cause they picked the transform architecture and said, “This is simple. Let's double down on it,” right? And now luckily there's enough investment going to the space that we can afford other architectures, but at the time, investment was just too fragmented into other architectures, so that arguably unlocked scaling. So I think there's a philosophy. I think we all owe it to ourselves to do output maxing with a new capability called AI on a global level. I think if I was starting a new department at Stanford, depending on how fuzzy or technical I wanted to be, I'd probably call it the Department of Alignment. Like-Swyx [00:25:59]: It's an overloaded termAnjney [00:26:01]: But it is, But alignment really Is a hard problem. And I think when you unlock it, full stack alignment is super hard in any organization and in any system. Like in a, in a venture capital firm, if you can have full stack alignment between your limited partners and your, the founders who are creating the value and ultimately the public that owns the IPO stock, that is a gift that keeps giving. And when you study the history of these systems, when they start off, they usually start out small scale where the feedback loop is actually so tight that there's alignment. And then the more you try to scale, the more division of labor happens, the more specialization happens, and at each step you add abstractions. And wherever there's an API interface, there's like loss. There's communication loss. And so I think a really cool thing would be for us to figure out is there a way for us to have our cake and eat it too as an engineering discipline? Is there a way to actually scale up and scale out Without losing any alignment, without lossy transmission?Swyx [00:27:01]: You mean standards?Anjney [00:27:02]: So standards is one way. The other way is you just have net new capabilities. So like what we're trying to do here is discover new superconductors. A room temperature superconductor would be a lossless transmission mechanism for energy. We would have flying cars. We are right within a few years of having a new room temperature superconductor. So I think those are the two. You either have to standardize On protocols or API specs that allow lossless communication, or you can come up with a whole new capability that unlocks so much abundance, the standardization doesn't matter ‘cause you just unlock net new capacity. This, the, so this is what I spend my days thinking about these days.Compute Markets, SF Compute, and Non-NVIDIA ChipsSwyx [00:27:38]: No, I think every infra person at, who wants scale and wants to output max does eventually end up thinking about this. We don't have time to go into it, but we have done an episode with SF Compute-Anjney [00:27:50]: Oh, coolSwyx [00:27:50]: That is trying to standardize The futures contract for compute. I don't, I don't know how that's going by the way, but like at some point this will be public.Anjney [00:27:57]: Oh, I think Evan is awesome and SF Compute is the kind of effort that I hope we can accelerate because what often happens is these exchanges are very hard to get, they, it's hard to bootstrap them, right? Because they often require-- There's many inefficiencies between parties. There's trust boundary inefficiencies in infrastructure because you don't trust, one part of the stack doesn't trust another part of the stack to give them visibility. There's capital markets inefficiencies, there's operational efficiencies. So if you can inject like a single shock to the system of a ton of compute demand or supply, then you can accelerate, these new flywheels. And so my hope is one day, or soon, if SF Compute needs extra like has excess capacity, they just hook it up to the grid and they get flooded with demand from us. And on the other side, if they have a ton of demand but they don't have supply, they just again hook up to the grid and it's a two-way protocol where they can just hook up to our capacity. And I don't think we're too far from that. Today our working implementation of it is mostly through a group of labs, universities, and a few sort of trusted parties who are, who all feel like they're in alignment to borrow an over sort of used word. But our hope is to just have it be an open protocol that anyone can hook up to on-Swyx [00:29:20]: Hook up for demand or hook up for supply? In primarily demand, it sounds like. Like you-Anjney [00:29:25]: No, bothSwyx [00:29:26]: You would want to offer demand.Anjney [00:29:27]: Both. Yeah. Unfortunately, what's happened in the last six weeks is, we thought we'd have a bunch of excess capacity by the end of this year. It's all gone.Swyx [00:29:37]: It's exploding.Anjney [00:29:38]: It, yeah. It's all gone. And so I have, my text messages are full of friends, we know many of these people, these are founders who've raised billions of dollars in San Francisco going, “Oh, any chance you have like 50 nodes in the next few weeks?”Swyx [00:29:51]: What is the scope for, non-Nvidia, right? You have Lisa Su coming and, Rainer Pope as well. And so There is a lot of demand for, more performance Alternative architectures and all that. At the same time, this hurts your standardization.Anjney [00:30:11]: I don't think so. So actually Rainer's a great example, right? Rainer is a CEO and founder of, MatX. I actually had him by for office hours in the class earlier today, and there was an insight he brought up that I hadn't considered before, which is when they decided to pick the standard For their data center, they picked the NVIDIA reference architecture. So the MatX chips Just plug in to any site that has an NVIDIA bring up planned. And, the-Swyx [00:30:42]: It's just software then. It's, it's not the-Anjney [00:30:44]: A-Swyx [00:30:44]: Hardware.Anjney [00:30:46]: Well, from an input and IO perspective It's the same footprint as an NVIDIA rack.Swyx [00:30:52]: That makes sense.Anjney [00:30:53]: Where they have done, innovated a bunch from what I can tell is on systems co-design. Which is where a lot of the gains are to be had. And so he picked He was “Anjney, we, there's just so much work to do when you're building a new chip company.”Swyx [00:31:08]: Can't fight every front.Anjney [00:31:08]: You just can't fight on every front. So my question to him was, “Well, you're working on this new chip. Their tape-out is next year. What, who are you going to partner with to host the chips?” And he said, “Whoever will host them. That's just not, that's not my focus.” And I said, “But how did you “ you decided back to our earlier systems design question, he decided that, he didn't want to be a full, fully integrated chip provider. The bottleneck they're focused on is the logic die, and they, he feels they can crank out a ton of performance gains through co-design there. But then that means you delegate, to our question earlier, it, you he's the data center provider is a different part of the stack, and so then he's dependent on that part of the ecosystem to host his chips to get the performance gains to the customer. So now you have another abstraction, and you might have loss. So I asked him, “How do you prevent loss?” And back to your point, he said, “I just picked the NVIDIA standard ‘cause I didn't want to Like I wanted to piggyback off of an existing protocol.” And that, what's great about NVIDIA is that reference architecture is known.Swyx [00:32:15]: Open.Anjney [00:32:15]: It's open. They've published it. So Jensen's actually enabled someone like Rainer to build a chip company like MatX, and I don't see them as competitive. The compute demand is so high. Like, I don't I think NVIDIA's not able to meet the demands of production, so we just need more chips. And I think it's very smart what MatX has done, which is say, “We're just going to we're not going to innovate on the data center design ‘cause actually, thank you, Jensen, you've done all the hard work. Where we can innovate is somewhere else.” And I think that's, that's very healthy. I think that's how we unblock new bottlenecks. And my view is these, the, chip teams like MatX, who have arrived at the insight that co-design is the way, The primary bottleneck for them is trust boundary. To do co-design well, you need visibility into the next model generation as soon as possible ‘cause it takes two years to tape out. So if by the time I bring my chip to market, your model architecture's changed, I'm host. Now, when he was inside Google, he was sitting next to the Gemini team. He was on Palm or whatever.Trust Boundaries, Co-Design, and Researcher CEOsSwyx [00:33:19]: His co-founder was the, was one, was one of the Palm guys, I think.Anjney [00:33:23]: Yes. Yes, exactly. So when you're inside the trust boundary of Google, then your systems co-design loop is super tight. When you leave as a founder, one of the biggest risks you take is now you're outside the trust boundary. And so what I love doing is helping chip teams who can help us unlock more capacity for the independent ecosystem access to trust. Because when I If I've been, involved with a lab from day one, and I was lucky enough to work with Anthropic, and then I'm on the board of Mistral and helped Black Forest Labs get started. I think at this point I'm on six or seven different teams.Swyx [00:33:57]: Only six? I feel like my mental number was going to be 13, but yeah, it's-Anjney [00:34:02]: No, I go deep with one at a time.Swyx [00:34:04]: You're founding CEO of Arena.Anjney [00:34:07]: Nah, that was an, that was an-Swyx [00:34:08]: Administrative CEOAnjney [00:34:09]: It was an administrative five-month gig where Whalen and Anastasios were graduating from their PhDs, and they didn't need a product team. So I helped recruit the head of engineering product and design. But Anastasios has always been the CEO of that company. I played a pinch-hitting I'm an intern. I was CEO intern For five months. -Swyx [00:34:33]: I interviewed him, and he's he's very well-spoken. I think he's a debate, former debate, champion. But also very quantitative and mathematical, which is-Anjney [00:34:41]: He-Swyx [00:34:41]: Such a unicorn.Anjney [00:34:43]: See, what's amazing about him? If you look at his output, he's an output maxer. By the time he was graduating from his PhD, which he only graduated last year, he had published more work with a citation count than, people twice his age. But at the same time, he'd already started a project called LLM Arena that was being used by millions of people As a side project. And time and time again, what I've realized is venture capitalists suck at seeing human beings as, dynamic agents where-Swyx [00:35:14]: They want to put you in a boxAnjney [00:35:15]: They want to put you in a box.Swyx [00:35:15]: This is your thing.Anjney [00:35:16]: So the first time I got introduced to Anastasios, somebody had told me “Oh, he's amazing, but he's a researcher.” I was “what? What do you mean he's a researcher?” That's what-Swyx [00:35:28]: Like he's not a CEO, not a founder.Anjney [00:35:29]: Not a CEO, exactly. I was “Are you crazy? Do you Have you met Dario?” Dario's a scientist. He's gone from zero to, what will soon be a trillion-dollar company in four years. Being a CEO, nominally speaking, is not that hard. Being a good CEO is hard. Being a great CEO actually requires a level of performance that scientists who have already published at the top of their field have accomplished. It is super hard to be a competitive scientist. To publish in academia over the last 20, 30 years, to make it to the top of your discipline at a place like Berkeley, you are a star athlete. Like, you are an athlete of the mind, and you perform at the highest levels. And to get there, whether you're, Anastasios or Whalen at Berkeley, or you are Robin, who-Swyx [00:36:23]: BFL, yeahAnjney [00:36:24]: With Black Forest, who created Stable Diffusion, or if you're, like Guillaume at Meta, who created Llama before he started Mistral. The amount of human leadership you have to demonstrate to get the resources, like get the trust of the organization, publish it, put it up. I would just fund researchers all day Right? If who have contributed already to the field. If they've, if they've put SOTA out there, they're, they're star athletes already. If they haven't done SOTA Look, they can still be good CEOs, but then I find the failure mode is that they just don't want to be CEOs, they primarily want to publish, and that's okay, too. One of the things we do with the AMP Grid is we donate excess compute. We have two nonprofits, like university labs. We carved out like a couple thousand H100s. But I do think there's extraordinary research being done on university campuses. My father-in-law's a physicist. He's a professor. Extraordinary work in physics, and we need that. But if you want to be a CEO, what you need to be willing To do is be super confrontational, outside of science. Like within the scientific community, some of the best researchers are very confrontational about their convictions, right? This architecture is right. To be a great CEO, you basically have to be willing to be confrontational up and down the stack.Swyx [00:37:41]: To your own team.Anjney [00:37:42]: To your own team-Swyx [00:37:43]: To customersAnjney [00:37:43]: Hiring, recruiting customers. Well, I would say, Yeah, pretty much to everyone Everybody. Of course-Swyx [00:37:50]: I see, I feel a little bit of that in my own work, but yeah, I can't imagine the stakes that Dario has had to go through. It's, it's pretty insane.Anjney [00:37:56]: No, I don't think the stakes are that different From how you're feeling it, right? Stakes are personal scaling vectors, right? The stakes that seem so low to you, like having this podcast where you can talk to somebody and just have a you're an extraordinary communicator, right? Like already in this conversation, you've pulled more out of me than most people, and I've been on 12 podcasts in the last two weeks.AI Coachella and First-Principles ThinkingSwyx [00:38:17]: I think I, we've just seen each other enough that there's some base trust.Anjney [00:38:20]: There's base trust.Swyx [00:38:20]: And I think, and I know that you, that I've done my homework and like I know that trust is a big deal for you, so.Anjney [00:38:27]: I think trust is about consistency, and you and I have seen each other In the community for years, right? Like, I remember the first time we met was at NeurIPS in New Orleans. I don't know if you remember that, luncheon.Swyx [00:38:38]: Oh my God.Anjney [00:38:39]: Reiko had set up this Reiko's amazing, and he set up this luncheon and-Swyx [00:38:43]: Yeah, I was “Who's this Discord guy?” I'm “Okay.” But-Anjney [00:38:45]: No, you weren't-Swyx [00:38:46]: You were just “You made some investments.”Anjney [00:38:47]: You were much less polite. You were “Who's this VC?” You're like-Swyx [00:38:51]: No, I Was I? Oh my God.Anjney [00:38:53]: It was-Swyx [00:38:53]: I'm so sorryAnjney [00:38:53]: It was visible on your face.Swyx [00:38:54]: I'm so sorry. But you weren't, you weren't The introduction was bad. I was I didn't know who you were.Anjney [00:39:00]: The, see, this is the thing about context, right? Like, but then I think I heard your accent. And I was “Are you-”Swyx [00:39:06]: Singapore, yeahAnjney [00:39:06]: “Are you Singaporean?” And you're “Yeah.” And I said, “I went to high school, JC, in Singapore.” And then the ice broke. But This is the there are in the scientific community, sometimes the stakes are very high for people who haven't had the emotional, what is called EQ Coaching and mentorship, right? Which is like to have scientific impact, you often need to be a extraordinary emotional, like emotionally in tune person with the folks you're trying to influence. And so what comes so naturally to you is actually a super high stakes thing to other people. And so I wouldn't assume that Dario's more stressed out than you. These things are you'd be surprised how similar and small sometimes the problems are to you That some of the world's biggest, leaders are facing. And that's what I've learned from this class. The guest speakers are Sam, Satya, Jensen.Swyx [00:40:01]: AI Coachella.Anjney [00:40:02]: Yeah. It's AI Coachella, right? So we got to get all the headliners, and they're I'm very lucky that some of these people have either mentored me over the years or I've done business with them. And when you, take the performative stuff out and any assumptions you may have about these people that you read in the press or on Twitter, We're all just humans. We're all trying to get along. And what's so special about this moment is AI is forcing, like scaling, the bitter lesson is forcing a lot of people to revise their assumptions for how the world works and go back to first principles or go and educate themselves. So the kind of people I was, I won't name who this person is, but I was at an event last week in Texas and, ran to somebody who said, “Anjney, I came across the class. What do you think about real time action prediction models?” And I was, don't know how happy it made me feel when they asked me that question. I know they've done the work. They've challenged themselves. I'm, they didn't ask me, “What do you think of world models?” They said, “What do you think of n-”Swyx [00:41:04]: Real time action predictionAnjney [00:41:05]: “action, real time action prediction models?” World models, don't get me wrong, are cool and everything, but you and I both know that is a layer of abstraction that is sometimes not usefully precise enough. Right? Ours-Swyx [00:41:16]: There's like four different kinds of world models.Anjney [00:41:17]: Yes, exactly.Swyx [00:41:18]: We've done the part with general intuition, by the way, which is very focused on, -Anjney [00:41:22]: Oh, cool. Yes. I love Pim. Pim is great. And this is what I love about people who've done that level of work. They realize they're not in competition with people who the rest of the world thinks they're in competition with.Swyx [00:41:34]: Because they're not in the category, they're in the specific thing they're trying to do.Anjney [00:41:37]: They're focused on their mission, and they have a systems understanding of the bottleneck they're trying to solve. And when somebody else says, “I'm working on real time, action prediction models too,” Pim goes, “Oh, I love that person. I want, I can learn from them.” But the minute they're “Oh, that person's a world model person,” it's “like which type of world model person?” But mostly they're just trying to figure out if it's a waste of their time, because we don't have enough time. So, Pim, for example, is super, loves this other company I work with we've talked about called Black Forest Labs. And he's mentioned to me multiple times that he's so, He thinks what Flux is doing is really cool. Andy Blattman came by and spoke in the class. And what I find over and over again is for people who do the work, who can be usefully precise enough about like what is actually going on in the world of frontier research, The sense of camaraderie is still well and alive, but it gets lost sometimes when you have to like abstract The technical complexities in, business terms And then the VCs are “How are you different from that world model?” I'm going to say Where do I even start to explain this stuff? And then the misalignment creeps in.Leading vs. Winning in Frontier AISwyx [00:42:43]: This is good. Yeah, I think, people listening get a sense of, what it is like to operate at a real level, like yourself, rather than at, the journalist level, where you have to sort of put everyone in, a rough category and create a narrative of competition, and who's winning today, who's behind.Anjney [00:42:58]: It-- this idea of winning is so Weird to me.Swyx [00:43:03]: You do want to win. You want you want competitiveness.Anjney [00:43:06]: No, I think you want to lead.Swyx [00:43:07]: You want SOTA.Anjney [00:43:07]: No, I think you want to lead. Yes, so you want to push the frontier. You want to push the SOTA. You want to do something that hasn't been done before. You want to capture value, but you don't want to capture so much value that, people think you're unaligned with your mission or trying to do what's best for the world. You want to capture enough value that you can keep innovating, right? And I think that people want to lead, they don't really This idea of winning and losing, again, I love Jensen. He's a, he's a leader. The mindset that he talked about on Dwarkesh's podcast, right? He's “I didn't wake up with a loser mindset.” I think that was awesome, right? Because he's, he's an engineer. Dwarkesh has done the work. So there's at least-- even though the, to me, it was very obvious they're talking about the same thing, they just passed each other. They just had to basically, Jensen has this, five-layer cake abstraction of how the industry works. And Dwarkesh had, I think from that podcast, had more of, a pre-training, mid-training, post-training systems loop concept.Swyx [00:44:04]: It's just a factor of who he talks to, right? Again, it's very clear.Anjney [00:44:06]: It's the systems It's the abstraction, the mental models, the It's the whole-- Dude, so much of the problem in the world is reasoning by analogy. And then the assumptions that are held invisibly.Swyx [00:44:19]: Yeah, I've, I've said, this is actually the best time in human history for first principles thinkers. Because everything you think will happen is actually now coming true.Anjney [00:44:28]: Correct. And the venture capital community is, notorious for this, where people look-- In times of uncertainty, they, cling to axioms that ended up being true from the previous era, and they kind of like proclaim them with confidence as if they're truths, but they're not. And it's very important to see the distinction between a heuristic and an axiom. An axiom can be proven-Swyx [00:44:55]: Like from internal consistency point of viewAnjney [00:44:56]: With internal consistency. A heuristic is a way you kind of a shortcut. And my God, the number of people I have had to put up with over the last few years who proclaim-- use heuristics As axioms to judge people, to judge which companies are going to succeed or the number of people who are “Oh, yeah, Anthropic, they're just training models right now,” but this one continue.Swyx [00:45:22]: Because that's a B2B SaaS?Anjney [00:45:23]: Yeah, the, like Which over the fullness of time, if you squint at it, maybe. But the way you arrive there is so important that you can-- you just, you can dismiss people. Here's what happened, right? What happened is Anthropic basically achieved takeoff in October of last year. That training run-Swyx [00:45:41]: Whatever, three seven?Anjney [00:45:42]: I forget the numbers now, but whatever that checkpoint was-Swyx [00:45:45]: We saw the cognition.Anjney [00:45:46]: Yeah. Right? You probably-- The, to those of us in the community, especially once post-training was done and it was released in December-Swyx [00:45:52]: Yeah. Can I sneak a sneaky question in there? I don't know if you have a perspective, maybe you don't, I just The number one question is how did Anthropic crack coding, right? Because Claude One, Claude Two, okay, like it was part of it, but it wasn't a big deal. And the leading hypothesis, it's a lucky dice roll that was then compounded, right? Like it was like Mildly better, but then they saw it and they were “Okay, let's really invest.”How Anthropic Cracked CodingAnjney [00:46:17]: I had this very annoying teacher. I went to this boarding school called Rishi Valley in India, which is like this, bird preserve. It's like three hundred and fifty acres of bird preserve in rural India, and there was no technology for seven years. There was this teacher, I won't name them, but they would have this-- I hated it every time he said this to me. He was “Luck fa-favors the prepared mind,” which is like a common saying, but the way he delivered it, always grated me, ‘cause he was always I was always one of those kids who got, a good grade without trying very hard. ‘Cause like high middle school is not that hard if you, if you're generally, paying attention and so on. And there was this one time where I-- But then I would get an eighty percent grade, and he would keep pushing me to say “The reason you didn't get the ninety-five plus percent is because you're not that lucky.” And I would say, “What do you mean?” ‘Cause I would think that I deserved that grade, and I would sometimes argue with him. And he'd say, “You didn't have a prepared mind. If you want to get lucky again “ There was basically one time where I got like ninety-five or ninety-six on this, on this subject, and I, now that I felt entitled. I was “Okay, I'm going to keep doing this,” and I didn't. And then he was “Luck favors a prepared mind. You got lucky last time, but you got to stay prepared.” And I didn't understand what he meant. Now, as I'm older, I'm okay, these adults actually knew a thing or two. Anthropic has been the most prepared company for four years. And so then when the right, context data comes in, the right developers start sending in, the right context diffs, Sure, you could say you got lucky, but if you ask me, they're pr-pretty damn prepared with paranoia for like four years. And you have to remember, it was so hard for them to get going early on that they had to do so much more with so much less that you just have to be prepared to be so efficient.Swyx [00:48:06]: Yes. There's numbers on their burn compared to OpenAI. I've, I've written about it, but they are so much more efficient in their, in their tech stack.Anjney [00:48:14]: It's not even It's not funny.Swyx [00:48:14]: Not even close.Anjney [00:48:15]: Yeah. But it's so clear, right? Like how to output max for the world. They have been prepared, and you could call that luck, but Luck favors the prepared mind.Culture, Hardship, and Anthropic's P0Swyx [00:48:25]: This is one of those things that I was going over some of your old lectures and, you were data, people think it's a moat and actually it's culture and actually it's team Actually. And I, it's-- there's different levels of moats, and this is the ultimate one that determines everything else. Which you can then compoundAnjney [00:48:43]: You're saying culture is the ultimate moat? Yeah. But the thing about culture is it's very fragile. So moats, I don't think they're-- there's very few moats I found that are actually moats. They're-- It's, it's a nice concept, but in reality, you have to replenish your culture. Ben Horowitz was, the speaker in CS153 on Tuesday, and I asked him this question about the culture bottleneck in teams because, there are several AI teams-Swyx [00:49:09]: His book, Hard Things About Hard ThingsAnjney [00:49:11]: Hard Thing About Hard Things. But more concretely, there are so many AI labs today that have all the cash they need, they have all the compute they need, and they're still not able to ship anything SOTA. And then you start seeing people leave and so on, and my diagnosis, it's, is it's the culture. And so I asked him, Ben, they're-- He's been one of the most aggressive investors in AI labs. He goes back to this thing which resonates in my mind a lot. It-- When I used to work at a16z, I would, book a conference room, and right outside the conference room, which is closest to the toilet ‘cause it was the fastest way for me to go use the bathroom between Zoom meetings-Swyx [00:49:45]: Oh my God, I'll put maxing my toilet optimization. Okay, never mind.Anjney [00:49:48]: It was not healthy in hindsight, but maybe this is TMI. But anyway, outside that conference on the wall was this quote that was printed that said, “Culture is not a set of beliefs, it's a set of actions.” And it's by Bushido, is this, Japanese philosopher. And if you stop taking the actions that demonstrate the mission alignment to what you've said to your team and to your-- the world matters to you, then your culture starts to fray. So it's not actually a moat, I would say. It's a very brittle, fragile thing that requires daily tending to like a garden. But if you figure out the system to keep that garden tended, which I think ultimately comes down to knowing yourself ‘cause you most naturally, if you're authentic and so on, you'll naturally make trade-offs that seem effortless to you, but that reinforce your culture. And then That becomes this very hard thing for other people to catch up to. And at Anthropic, from day one, there was this mission like-- missionary like zeal and belief that, hey, these capabilities will scale. These systems are stochastic, not deterministic. There will be error bars, and until we crack interpretability, there's risk. And at some point, people will go-- stop using Claude just for coding. They'll use it in some mission-critical context where there's-- it'll throw off a bug, and then people are going to come blame them, and they want to be on the right side of history where they said, “Yes, this is a powerful technology. We think it's going to change the world, And we want to be very measured and scientific about the fact that, ‘Hey, guys, these are stats models, statistical models.' That's how statistics works.” ultimately, when you're training neural nets, it is just a statistical system. And I think that Belief that safety is important and that it might seem toy-like in the early days, and sometimes, you could say, “Anjney, they totally over-exaggerated the risk,” like two years ago when they said, “Let's not launch Claude One,” or whatever. Well, okay, maybe in hindsight, but hindsight is twenty/twenty. And at the time, they didn't know how that model would be used, and to them it felt existential if somebody came and said, “You weren't responsible. It-- This wrote a bug.” The liability associated with that is massive. So how do you prevent against that? Well, day in, day out, you say safety. And when you start deviating from that, you have the team hold you accountable, you have the world hold you accountable, and I think that becomes a moat over time. At some point, that moat will get challenged and so on, and then it become fragile. I hope it endures because that's the beauty of having founders run the show, ‘cause they can make really hard trade-offs to do mission alignment. The hardest part is in the earliest days when you don't have a group of people who are going through difficulty, stress, crisis together, then your culture doesn't get defined sharply enough, and that's what I'm worried about right now, is there's so much money going to these labs. There's no hardship. There's no-Swyx [00:52:50]: To anyone who knowsAnjney [00:52:51]: There's no to anyone who knows. And that, in hindsight, was a feature, not a bug for Anthropic. The number of people who said no, the number of people who said, “Sorry, we're all doing investors in OpenAI,” that is competitive difference. It forces you to really understand, what is the hill you want to die on at the expense of everything else. What's the P zero? And there, P zero from day one was coding. The reason, the mechanism system there was if we crack coding, Then we will crack AGI. Our mission is AGI. We want to get there safely. If we focus on codin

Puheenaihe
Trump vs Iran: Sota vai rauha? (Bijan Rezai Jahromi) | Puheenaihe 675

Puheenaihe

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 18, 2026 64:05


Studiossa Bijan Rezai Jahromi. Jakso on kuvattu 17.6.2026. ⌚ AIKALEIMAT (0:00) "Islamilainen Pohjois-Korea" (2:04) Historia (13:41) Iranin kansa (23:55) Iranin sota (28:49) Ydinohjelma (32:53) Sopimus (34:47) Hormuzinsalmi (38:02) Tulevaisuus (41:03) Kansannousu (45:36) Islamistihallinto (48:39) Trumpin hyökkäys (53:41) Eurooppa (1:00:33) Objektiivisuus

Noche de lobos
Programa 619 (ETV Muñeca Rusa, Sota Kaballo Rey, Rockvera, Jero Ramiro, Turbulento, Iconic)

Noche de lobos

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 14, 2026 129:00


Nos visitan Oleya y Andrey de Muñeca Rusa, para hablar del disco debut de estos xixoneses, llamado "Año soviético". Nos dará tiempo de saber de donde vienen, y sobre todo, a donde quieren ir en los próximos tiempos... Y además, todo este percal... Metallica, Sota Kaballo Rey, Rockvera - Asociación Monorock, Beast Inside, Jero Ramiro BANDA, Turbulento, Umbilikal D.B, Against The Waves, MADBALL, Iconic, Hellfest Open Air Festival, Iron Maiden, Ritmo Vudú, Troika y la Creedence Clearwater Revival.

The top AI news from the past week, every ThursdAI

Hey folks, Alex here, and welcome to a BIG MODEL week! We finally got Mythos (well almost)! Let me catch you up! This week started with WWDC26 from Apple, and Max Weinbach, who was in the room at Apple Park and actually has access to some of the new features including an all new SIRI AI, joined us to break down what could be the most used AI in the world very soon. At first I was skeptical, but he convinced me that the new Siri is actually good! Then, we saw the ultimate model drop: Anthropic finally shipped Mythos (X, my system card thread, benchmarks). Same weights, two names: Mythos 5 is the unrestricted version that only Project Glasswing partners get, Fable 5 is what the rest of us get, wrapped in the heaviest guardrails I've ever seen ship on a frontier model. It's state of the art on nearly every benchmarkThe model that was “too dangerous to release” is now... well, released, but with the heaviest guardrails we've seen. More on this later. Peter Gostev from Arena.ai joined us to break down the new model. Last but definitely not least, Google released a real-time translation model, that our friend Thor Schaeff from DeepMind demoed live, while we all spoke in different languages and it translated us in REAL TIME. It was really cool, definitely check that out. There's quite a few more things, like Loop Engineering Alpha, Swyx came by to talk about FrontierCode, OpenAI confirmed our suspicions that the anti-datacenter social media posts could be a concerted effort by groupds links to the Chinese government and much more. Let's dive in! ThursdAI - Let me catch you up, every week!

Politiikkaradio
Syttyykö seuraava sota Jäämerellä?

Politiikkaradio

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 10, 2026 41:55


Trumpin uhittelu Grönlannin haltuunottamisesta pelästytti pahanpäiväisesti Pohjoismaat. Oliko kyse pelkästä Trumpin päähänpinttymästä? Mitä suurvaltojen kartoissa lukee, kun jopa Yhdysvallat uhkailee Tanskaa? Syttyykö seuraava konflikti arktisella alueella? Vieraana on Jään valta vaihtuu -kirjan kirjoittaja, tietokirjailija ja toimittaja Marjo Näkki. Toimittajana on Tapio Pajunen.

L’OEST
Montse Pujol, 37a Trobada Empresarial del Pirineu

L’OEST

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 8, 2026 18:04


La 37a Trobada Empresarial al Pirineu arriba els dies 11 i 12 de juny a la Seu d'Urgell amb Montse Pujol al capdavant, la primera dona que presideix la cita en més de tres dècades. Sota el lema “El nou mapa econòmic mundial: quin camí prenem?”, la trobada vol oferir una mirada clara als grans reptes que afronten avui les empreses: la velocitat del canvi, la incertesa global, la digitalització, la intel·ligència artificial i la necessitat de prendre decisions sense tenir totes les certeses. Pujol reivindica també el valor del networking com un dels grans actius de la Trobada, perquè permet sortir del dia a dia, compartir experiències i generar connexions reals entre empresaris, directius, emprenedors i talent del territori. En un moment de transformacions accelerades, la cita vol reforçar l'orgull empresarial lleidatà i demostrar que des de Lleida i el Pirineu també es poden liderar projectes amb visió, ambició i futur.

Hebrew Nation Online
Mark Call – Torah Teachings for Parsha “Naso-plus”

Hebrew Nation Online

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 7, 2026 161:01


A few weeks back, Mark Call of Shabbat Shalom Mesa made the decision to spend a bit more time on the last few weeks of regular readings, which included a “double-portion,” separately. Hopefully you saw why that was important. So, this week, we’ll continue to catch up, with a bit more than parsha ‘Naso,’ (Numbers 4:22 through chapter 7) and continue through a section in chapter 10 that seems to fit well. The reading for parsha Naso begins with the remainder of the duties of the tribe of Gershon, and then summarizes the ‘census’ of the Levites, after which the narrative changes, and we again see that those who were “unclean” – for several reasons – were to be “put out,” or “shalach” in the Hebrew, a word we’ve seen before – of the camp. And that is followed up by descriptions of two other ‘processes,’ described in detail, which seem utterly foreign to most of ‘the sun-day church’ today. https://hebrewnationonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/SSM-6-5-26-Naso-plus-thru-ch-10-teaching-podcast-xx.mp3 The Sabbath Day midrash this week begins with a question: What is it about those two, apparently very different, situations, and thus processes, the connects them? And why do they follow immediately after the commandment to “shalach” or put out of the camp, the “unclean?” The process outlined for the “sota” – or the woman whose husband suspects adultery, but has no proof – is said to be the ONLY one of its kind in Scripture, where YHVH actually PROMISES a miracle, one way or another. It’s also misunderstood and mis-taught (witness most of the twisting you’ve probably heard about ‘Jesus and the Woman CAUGHT in adultery’) and yet still at the very heart of so many of the most important events in all of human history! Why does the ‘whore church’ then ignore the real lesson? And that is followed-up immediately by the process surrounding the ‘Nazerite vow.’ Samson was said to be one “from his mother’s womb,’ as perhaps John the Baptist may have been as well. But Shaul, aka “Paul of Tarsus” notably TOOK such a vow, after he came to know Yahushua, notably, and yet most of xtianity has NEVER heard that! For reasons that Mark says, as the discussion unfolds, are obvious now. “Naso-plus: “Put out” the Unclean – but then Other Ignored Commandments That Speak VOLUMES about what we have been MIS-taught” https://hebrewnationonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/WT-CooH-6-6-26-Naso-plus-thru-ch-10-Shalach-the-unclean-the-Sota-the-Nazerite-and-HOW-MUCH-MORE-so-Es-QQQ-podcast-xxx.mp3 Service information: Shabbat Shalom Mesa fellowship worship services and teachings are broadcast live every Sabbath, via Paltalk. (www.paltalk.com has both the link, and the app.) The “room name” is “Walking Torah with Shabbat Shalom Mesa,” and can be found via the paltalk search, then bookmarked. Erev Shabbat services begin at 7:00 PM Mountain Time Friday evenings (9 PM Eastern, 8 PM Central) Live Sabbath teachings begin shortly after 11 AM Mountain time on Sabbath day (Saturday). email: mark@markniwot.com The combined two-part reading and Sabbath midrash:

Toy Power Podcast
#445: Mega Toy Fair & Masters Movie Review!!

Toy Power Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 6, 2026 128:38


This Week on the Toy Power Podcast; we are giving our thoughts & experiences from our recent visit to the Annual Adelaide Mega Toy Fair! Kicking off with our forceful entry into the event! Scott as the New Organiser has done a fantastic job with table spacing, Real Pop-Culture Cars as an attraction & what kind of things that where on offer for Sale; plus of course our SCORES! We each have quite a diverse range of goodies that came home with us; but as always it was absolutely awesome to socialise with so so many people! Then we begin our Review of the New Masters OF The Universe Film! Kicking off with high level non-spoiler thoughts of the Movie. Tales of Trent & Ben seeing an Advanced screening of the Film - with sacrifices from our families to attend! Then; we dive in head first into a deep discussion that bounces all over the place which analyses the entire Movie - INCLUDING SPOILERS! We touch on everything from Characters, Lore, Tone, Easter Eggs, Credit Scenes; plus the things that don't quite merry up. We even have some of the Chronicles Action-Figures to touch on as well! Please get comfy for this extended episode; all the while celebrating Darren's Birthday too. Enjoy!! Support the show: http://patreon.com/toypowerpodcastSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

movies australia film news star wars masters marvel dc batman modern tales spider man aliens video games superman sale alien joker wrestling iron man nerds wwe star trek lego nintendo mask avengers playstation kickstarter comics kicking xbox supernatural mega foot collection geeks godzilla mandalorian pop culture countdown xmen deadpool characters endgame aussie wolverines justice league predator toys terminator mortal kombat jedi jurassic park vintage blade transformers vehicles tone comic books superheroes sf warner scores san diego comic con spider verse skywalker lore aquaman reaction collecting invincible power rangers gremlins conan robocop sega street fighter animal crossing rambo wwf easter eggs tmnt karate kid dceu mk vader mando scorpion hasbro mattel south australia golden girls he man wb dreamworks centurion spawn bumblebee gi joe ninja turtles collectors bucky thundercats bluey masters of the universe macgyver voltron visionaries kenner jem toxic avenger idw my little pony g1 shredder she ra action figures universal monsters optimus prime mcfarlane sub zero skeletor megatron ryu inspector gadget sota motu duke nukem remco casey jones lego masters toy fair robotech neca tonka toys that made us boss fight bronies savage worlds pop culture podcasts playmates street sharks marvel legends micronauts hot toys super7 mmpr australian podcasts autobot decepticon toxie a-team takara battle beast starcom coleco zoids bravestarr toxic crusaders toy collecting galoob dino riders vintage toys toybiz bucky o'hare battle beasts defenders of the earth mythic legions skeleton warriors mafex nytf plastic crack motuc action figure adventure toy power podcast
The top AI news from the past week, every ThursdAI

Hey folks, Alex here, let me catch you up! I've had a feeling that this week is going to be crazy, as it started on the weekend MiniMax M3, then with Jensen announcing new RTX Spark, NVIDIA's first PC chip packing 1 petaflop of local AI power into thin laptops.A few days later at Microsoft BUILD, Satya & Mustafa from MAI dropped 7 AI models, completely pre-trained from scratch, including a new MAI-thinking-1, MAI-code and MAI-image 2.5 that started topping the image gen charts. Then other image models started racing to the top of the Arena benchmarks, IdeoGram 4 hitting becoming SOTA open weights image-gen model, and Reve 2 beating Nano Banana just a few hours after that. And then today, NVIDIA dropped Nemotron 3 Ultra, their latest 550B open weights model, data and training and Arena published a new agentic eval leaderboard and we got a new Gemma 4 12B. I've had the great pleasure to host Chris (@llm_wizard) from Nvidia, Peter Gostev from Arena and Karan from Nous Research (who were featured prominently by Jensen!) all on the show. Def don't miss this one! Let's get into the details. ThursdAI - Join the flock of folks who know what is happening in AI before everyone else.Open Source LLMs

Storied: San Francisco
Painter George (S8E19)

Storied: San Francisco

Play Episode Listen Later Jun 3, 2026 33:24


Painter George, aka George Harry Crampton-Glassanos, is fine if you wanna call him just "George." In this episode, meet and get to know George. Both of his parents came to San Francisco early in their lives. His mom hails from the East Coast and her family were all working-class folks. His grandpa was a business agent for a machinist's union in Massachusetts. That grandfather shaped George's later involvement in organized labor. (Today, he's a member of the ILWU). George never knew this grandparent who had an outsize impression on him. He died shortly after George was born. But in Massachusetts, in addition to his union involvement, he owned a store that sold records on one half and hats on the other. His dad moved to San Francisco from the Midwest to attend school at the Art Institute (RIP). He got into that school and often slept overnight on a ledge on campus. Both of George's parents were punk rockers in SF in the late-Seventies. Amazing. His dad even lived with the guitarist from The Avengers (Penelope Houston's punk band). Though they would meet later, both spent time at the famed Mabuhay Gardens back in the day. George's dad was a painter as well, and that turned out to have a huge influence on George. His parents met when his mom got a job with his dad's construction working crew. This was around the mid-Eighties. George came along in 1989. After that, his parents had two more boys, making George the oldest of three. His earliest memories are from around the mid-Nineties in The Mission. George spent time when he was a kid running around The Mission and pre-gentrification Dogpatch with his dad. They lived on 18th between San Carlos and Lexington (or, zooming out a bit, between Mission and Valencia). That's two blocks from where I lived from 2003 to 2017, incidentally. But George's family got evicted from that apartment on 18th. The building sold and the new owners evicted tenants one by one, including families like George's. Both of his brothers were born in that apartment. His dad had made modifications there, handyman that he was. And George was old enough to remember all the awesome neighbors they had. I ask George about his favorite restaurants when he was a kid. "I fuckin' ate burritos every night of the week," he answers. He'd hit up nearby La Cumbre or El Buen Sabor around 300 times a year. Whiz Burger also figured big in George's childhood diet. There was a diner across 16th from The Roxie called Aunt Mary's (George shows me a coin purse from the place while we're recording) that he loved as well. Art was always encouraged at home. George's dad would bring home boxes of fax paper for him to draw on with ballpoint pens. He'd draw and draw and draw, often of things he saw. He remembers staring out the window of their place on 18th and watching cars go by, and he'd draw those. But it wasn't until high school at School of the Arts that George really started cranking it out. At SOTA, teachers encouraged George to draw whatever the hell he wanted to. He remembers drawing a skeleton pushing a paleta cart. When George tells me he attended SOTA 2004–2008, I mention that a number of past guests of this show went there around that time. "[The school] churned out a lot of us," he says. Joe Talbot, who co-wrote, produced, and directed The Last Black Man in San Francisco, went to SOTA in that era. George goes on a sidebar to share a story of getting caught smoking pot by a SOTA vice principal. I ask him to rattle off the SF schools he went to, and George obliges. Waldorf in The Mission for Kindergarten, then a Waldorf school in Pac Heights through eighth grade. They wanted him to attend their high school, but he chose SOTA instead. The Waldorf schools also encouraged art, which George appreciated. The social dynamics could be strange, though. You'd have kids like him who got into that school thanks to financial aid being classmates with kids who lived in mansions. After eighth grade, he needed a change. After he graduated from School of the Arts, George took some classes at City College. He'd been working summers painting houses for his dad, and eventually, college tailed off so he could work more. It also gave George more time for his artistic painting. This was about 20 years ago, and since then, he's been painting murals, hanging out with graffiti painters, doing work on Clarion Alley, and working with Precita Eyes to paint various houses and walls in The Mission. I ask whether George's art has evolved over the years. After thinking it over, he talks about the influence of cars and his mom and dad's comic book collections. He loved his mom's underground comics collections, and talks about going down to 23rd Street with them to Scott's Comics and Cards and SF Comic Book Co. next door. George points to artists like Spain Rodriguez, R. Crumb, and the Hernandez Brothers as having shaped his art from a young age. He'd go to Avalon on Mission for iron-on old English letters to have put on hats. The cholo influence of his neighborhood was seeping in, and George ran with it. The gumball machines on Mission with their foil stickers also played a part. He'd take those stickers home, many with images of cars on them, and draw from them. And of course the cars cruising Mission Street caught his artistic eye. George also touches on some of the violence he witnessed in The Mission in the Nineties, when he was a kid. George and his friends got around on skateboards, beater bikes, and Muni. He's quick to point out how, back in the day, you could take the 26-Valencia if you wanted to avoid potential trouble on the 14-Mission. I ask whether George got into any trouble himself. He says mostly harmless stuff like shoplifting. That was before his aforementioned time at School of the Arts. George has mixed feelings about the art scene, and I get it. He's had his art in shows, but prefers bookstores or community-oriented spaces vs. white-walled galleries. He doesn't feel like the audience that goes to those spaces is his. When he talks about painting at home after a long day at work, I ask George to talk about that work. He's currently part of a crew painting the new container cranes in the Port of Oakland. The ILWU is assembling the cranes and George and others use marine enamels to make the cranes look good. We end the podcast with how you can find George and his art. "You can find me on 24th Street," he says. No website. He's on Instagram at @paintergeorge415. We recorded this podcast at George's home in South San Francisco in April 2026. Photography by Nate Oliveira

All Portable Discussion Zone
Chasing His 6th Mountain Goat — Derek W7DLZ on SOTA & QRP

All Portable Discussion Zone

Play Episode Listen Later May 31, 2026 61:20


Derek W7DLZ has earned the SOTA Mountain Goat award five times over and he's closing in on a sixth. Since his first activation in September 2021, Derek has operated from hundreds of summits across six associations and twenty-two regions at a pace that's hard to believe, and he shows no signs of slowing down.In this episode we cover his preferred radio, antenna choices, and operating philosophy.If you're into SOTA, QRP field ops, or just want to hear what genuine passion for a hobby sounds like, this one's for you.https://www.qrz.com/db/W7DLZJoin us as we explore how you can get involved in portable radio, QRP, and more in this episode of the All Portable Discussion Zone (AP/DZ). Every aspect of portable operations is covered in this biweekly podcast, from news and gear to achievements, the workbench, contests, awards, and beyond.**DISCORD INVITE**: https://discord.gg/WVE3vVveWU#apdz #SOTA #POTA #PortableOps #HamRadio #QRP # CW #Workbench #Electronics #homebrewradio #DIYradio #testequipment #RFprojects #amateurradio #hamradiopodcast #scratchbuild #ManhattanStyle #BITX #SolderSmoke #HFtransceiver #QRPSSB #directconversion #analogradio #morsecode

Toy Power Podcast
#444: Fantastic Teams Of FOUR!!

Toy Power Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 30, 2026 87:37


This Week on the Toy Power Podcast; we are leaning into the significance of the Episode number - being FOUR. So we decide to spotlight Twelve of the Key Teams consisting of Four Members throughout Pop Culture History! With each Team / Group mentioned; we address the Teams official Title; the Individual Characters that make up said Group; plus their noteworthy first appearance in Pop Culture History. An in-depth conversation why said Team is significant to each of us in our own personal way & what they really mean to us. With a good mix of Movies, Comics, TV & overall cultural phenomenon's; this is an interesting & unique way to highlight & chat towards some properties that we don't talk about very often... Or the back story to why we continue to talk about some of our Favourite properties so much!! Enjoy! Which Group / Team did we leave off our list; that you would have had on yours? Let us know!!Support the show: http://patreon.com/toypowerpodcastSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

tv movies australia film news star wars masters marvel dc batman team modern spider man aliens video games superman alien joker wrestling iron man nerds wwe star trek lego nintendo mask avengers playstation kickstarter comics xbox supernatural foot collection geeks godzilla mandalorian pop culture countdown xmen deadpool twelve endgame aussie wolverines fantastic justice league predator toys terminator mortal kombat jedi jurassic park favourite vintage blade transformers vehicles comic books superheroes sf warner san diego comic con spider verse skywalker aquaman reaction collecting invincible power rangers gremlins conan robocop sega street fighter animal crossing rambo wwf tmnt karate kid dceu mk vader mando scorpion hasbro mattel south australia golden girls he man wb dreamworks centurion spawn bumblebee gi joe ninja turtles collectors bucky thundercats bluey masters of the universe macgyver voltron visionaries kenner jem toxic avenger idw my little pony g1 shredder she ra action figures universal monsters optimus prime mcfarlane sub zero skeletor megatron ryu inspector gadget sota motu duke nukem remco casey jones lego masters toy fair robotech neca tonka toys that made us boss fight bronies savage worlds pop culture podcasts playmates street sharks marvel legends micronauts hot toys super7 mmpr australian podcasts autobot decepticon toxie a-team takara battle beast starcom coleco zoids bravestarr toxic crusaders toy collecting galoob dino riders vintage toys toybiz bucky o'hare battle beasts defenders of the earth mythic legions skeleton warriors team group mafex nytf plastic crack motuc action figure adventure toy power podcast
Rabbi Lavian
Laws of Sota and few cases related to matter of Sota

Rabbi Lavian

Play Episode Listen Later May 29, 2026 49:40


Laws of Sota and few cases related to matter of Sota by Rabbi Benjamin Lavian

Class in Bible
Judges - Exploring Samson: From Scripture to Midrash

Class in Bible

Play Episode Listen Later May 28, 2026 16:07


We look at Genesis Raba 98 and Sota 10 to see what the sages say about Samson

Rav Touitou
La femme sota (Nasso)

Rav Touitou

Play Episode Listen Later May 27, 2026 46:47


La femme sota (Nasso) by Rav David Touitou

Kulttuuriykkönen
The Mandalorian and Grogu - Tähtien sota tulee taas

Kulttuuriykkönen

Play Episode Listen Later May 27, 2026 54:12


The Mandalorian and Grogu on ensimmäinen Tähtien sota -elokuva seitsemään vuoteen. Edellisen elokuvan jälkeen kaukaisessa galaksissa on seikkailtu lähinnä tv-sarjoissa, vaihtelevalla menestyksellä. Nyt Tähtien sota siis palaa valkokankaalle. Sankarit ovat The Mandalorian -tv-sarjasta tuttuja: Pedro Pascalin esittämä jäyhän kunniallinen "Mandalorian" sekä pieni Grogu. Miltä tämä uusi Tähtien sodan aikakausi näyttää ja miten franchisella muuten menee? Aiheesta ovat keskustelemassa sarjakuvataiteilija Petri Hiltunen, toimittaja ja Star Wars -bloggaaja Aki Jörgensen, sekä Star Wars -harrastaja Linnea Peurakoski. Jussi Ahlroth toimittaa.

Toy Power Podcast
#443: Scott2 and the MEGA Toy Fair

Toy Power Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 24, 2026 87:02


Today we chat to Scott Simpson, the man behind one of our fave events, the Adelaide Mega Toy Fair! Learn what led him to take over from the great Andreas and how the 2026 edition is gonna be bigger and better. Scott brings his tales from Scotland, his passion for toys (and football), a wild sense of humor and even some gifts. Then a quick round of Show and Tell where Scott brings in something truley amazing. See you all at the Fair next weekend! Support the show: http://patreon.com/toypowerpodcastSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Foundations of Amateur Radio
Why not use LoTW?

Foundations of Amateur Radio

Play Episode Listen Later May 23, 2026 9:34


Foundations of Amateur Radio The other day I witnessed a fellow amateur attempting to guilt another into using LoTW with comments about how their QSO partner would appreciate confirmation via the service, even if they didn't care for it. Before I continue, if you're unfamiliar, when two amateurs make a contact, or a QSO, with each other, then there's generally a log entry at both ends to record the event. Some amateurs, myself included, save up these contacts and count how many continents, countries, states and other entities are recorded in the log. Several amateur radio organisations allow you to claim an award for such a record. However, before they accept your word for it, they require confirmation of the contact, something that the amateur community refers to as a QSL. To recap, a QSO is the contact, a QSL is the confirmation of that contact. Traditionally this was achieved with postcards, known as QSL cards, transported across the globe through various postal services, and coordinated by so-called QSL bureaus, often run by the amateur radio peak body in each country. With the advent of the Internet, much of this process has turned electronic. LoTW is an example of an electronic QSL service, run by the ARRL, the American Radio Relay League. It's not the only such service, but today I'm looking specifically at the Logbook of The World, or LoTW. As I said, LoTW is not the only service and anyone telling you that you must use it is selling you something. Now, that's not why I don't use it, and again, you're free to, but you're not required to. For me there are several issues with LoTW. Having used it for a period, I feel comfortable in expressing some of its shortcomings, but I note that the last time I used it was almost a decade ago. I'll acknowledge that things might have improved or changed, but I have no evidence to suggest that it did. Let's start with how it works. You create a log in a specified format, using an application called TQSL you sign that log, ostensibly linking your identity to that log, then you upload that signed log to LoTW and wait for confirmations of contacts with other LoTW users. Signing is a process where you add information to a file that proves to the recipient that the log was created by you and wasn't modified in transit, which requires that you have a file called a certificate, which is created and sent to you via email by the ARRL, after they've authenticated you. So, first of all, in my opinion, the level of security is absurd and exceeds that of my bank, or my tax department. In addition, proving your identity comes with hurdles if you're not in America where an amateur who registers receives a postcard with an authentication code, made possible by the central database held by the FCC. For everyone else, the ARRL requires that you: "must send a copy of his/her Amateur Radio operating authorization in addition to a copy of one other government-issued document indicating his/her identity", via the post, snail mail, stamp, envelope, the whole thing. I'd also like to observe that at no time has the ARRL linked your identity to your email address, since they haven't asked for it at any point in the verification process. If that's not enough of a security nightmare, in Australia and other parts of the world, amateurs no longer hold a personal license, instead they are members of a so-called class license. There's no public record stating my ownership of my callsign, just that it's allocated. With increased privacy concerns, this is happening elsewhere too. In other words, proving that you are who you say you are is getting increasingly difficult and even if you did, you're sending that information to the ARRL, who you might recall paid a ransom to hackers who infiltrated their network. I've asked and never received a response about what actually happened to the information they continue to hold in relation to me, well that and an email from 2013 which states that "Data is never removed from LoTW." Even so, let's say that you are comfortable sending your information to the ARRL, the process of signing a certificate requires renewal on a regular basis and if you manage to forget, you have the privilege of starting all over again. Let's move on. It's important to remember that this process is to confirm a radio contact between two radio amateurs in order to get a piece of paper to hang on your wall saying that you did so. How do you know that the person you made contact with on-air is the same person who confirmed your contact? Radio isn't authenticated in any way, why should the confirmation be? Remember, before the Internet, this was done with postcards. Security and authentication aside, there's plenty more issues. I hold the callsign VK6FLAB. Several times a year, that callsign is permitted to be AX6FLAB. I like to operate portable in many different locations. Sometimes I sign "/QRP" for low power, generally if the other station is very high power and they're struggling, adding QRP can sometimes act as an incentive to complete the contact. Sometimes I sign Portable, or Mobile, depending on the situation and when I'm moving, I'm not in a specific location. Why am I raising this you ask? Well, turns out that you need to make a new location for every single one you're operating from. You also need to register each callsign and each variation, since apparently VK6FLAB and VK6FLAB/QRP are two different stations and if I sign with AX6FLAB, I need to request another certificate. So, this is increased convenience .. apparently. Then there's the argument that you're missing out. Let's get this straight. As far as I can tell, the bulk of LoTW users are American. For me, a contact with America is a single log entry to add to my continent and country list. Tell me again why I should care about this when I'm not in America? There's a list of 340 DXCC entities, which you can buy from the ARRL for $5.95 plus shipping, because of course in this digital age there's a shipping charge. In other words, this is the ARRL attempting to own the notion of confirming contacts between radio amateurs and in my opinion, being obnoxious about it. Here's another issue. If this was really so marvellous, why hasn't any other peak body adopted the Logbook of The World for their system? Why is there not a WIA version, an RSGB one and for each of the various countries who have closed their local QSL bureau due to lack of funding, since the postal burden on them has exploded to become nonviable? I think that LoTW is a solution looking for a problem, peddled by people who have something to sell and while there was a time that it might have been bleeding edge, that ship has sailed. You're free to use it, but I wouldn't recommend it. If you have never stepped into this, alternatives to explore include ClubLog, eQSL, QRZ, OQRS and plenty of print on demand QSL card services. And if you're searching, apparently QSL is also Queensland Sugar Limited, so pay attention. I should also mention that there's SOTA, Summits, POTA, Parks and other On The Air services that will happily take your log and confirm contacts. Here's a thought, how about we use the fediverse to federate and decentralise the process, or perhaps we might use something as mundane as email. If you want to use LoTW, by all means, go right ahead, but I won't and if I knew how, I'd get the ARRL to remove all my records from it, mind you, I'd have to trust them at their word, because I can't log in to check. I'm Onno VK6FLAB

Maailmanpolitiikan arkipäivää
Venäjän hyökkäyssota kuluttaa Ukrainan luontoa

Maailmanpolitiikan arkipäivää

Play Episode Listen Later May 23, 2026 24:18


Venäjän hyökkäyssota aiheuttaa ihmisuhrien lisäksi valtavia ympäristövahinkoja Ukrainassa. Ukrainalaiset ympäristöaktivistit syyttävät Venäjää tahallisesta luonnon tuhoamisesta. Sota on kasvattanut vaatimuksia, että luonnontuhonta lisättäisiin Kansainvälisen rikostuomioistuimen ICC:n tuomiovallan alle. Maailmanpolitiikan arkipäivää -ohjelma tarkastelee, millaisia tuhoja sota on aiheuttanut Ukrainassa. Sota kärjistää jo neuvostoajalta periytyviä ympäristöngelmia, kun taisteluja käydään idässä perinteisellä raskaan teollisuuden alueella. Maaperään leviävät raskasmetallit ja räjähteet taas uhkaavat maataloutta mustan mullan alueestaan tunnetussa Ukrainassa. Ohjelman ovat toimittaneet Maxim Fedorov ja Heikki Heiskanen. Äänitarkkailijana on Panu Willman. Tunnusmusiikki: Petri Alanko, kuva: Tuuli Laukkanen/Yle.

Likutei Sichos - Rabbi Chaim Wolosow
Likutei Sichos Chelek Yud Ches – Naso Beis – The Concept of Sota and Spiritual Faithfulness – לקוטי שיחות חלק יח - נשא ב

Likutei Sichos - Rabbi Chaim Wolosow

Play Episode Listen Later May 21, 2026


The Rebbe discusses the parsha of Naso, particularly focusing on the concept of Sota, a woman suspected of infidelity. He explores the spiritual dimensions of this law, showing how it reflects not just physical faithfulness, but also spiritual commitment to one's divine mission and connection to Hashem. https://www.torahrecordings.com/likutei-sichos/018/004_002

Ràdio Arrels
Punts i Comes 26 - Tríada i La filosofia al natural, d'en Pere Lluís Font

Ràdio Arrels

Play Episode Listen Later May 18, 2026 4:36


Sota el nom sagrat de tríada, d'índole religiosa, estèrica o literària, el filòsof català recentment traspassat Pere Lluís Font associa tres autors francesos clars i llegibles, Montaigne, Descartes i Pascal, que preparen Bergson i Valéry.

Toy Power Podcast
#442: News that brings the Heat Boys!!

Toy Power Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 17, 2026 82:23


This Week on the Toy Power Podcast; we are back all back together in the studio again; to bring in all the Latest News! Kicking things off with quite a few MOTU Toy Headlines; branching all sub-categories of the brand - including a Playset! Neca continue to flip through the pages of the Mirage Comics, & questionably bring us Figures from those stories. Playmates announce a 2pk with BLOOD attributes!! As well as a potential Lawsuit to protect their work....? McFarlane continue to produce Batman products & Transformers Missing Link announce a unique offering in the form of G1 Ironhide & Ratchet. Trent gets super nostalgic over Goof-Troop; plus we have more Fighters announced from Jada & McFarlane too. Rounding out the News is a beautiful nod to the influential man that was Jack Kirby; in the form of a street named after him! Then we have a very close in-hand review of the amazingly intricate HeatBoys TMNT Figures. These Figures are absolutely extraordinary; with their Die-Cast designed Mech-Suits. They are honestly like nothing we have seen in the TMNT franchise before!! All this & more! Enjoy!!Support the show: http://patreon.com/toypowerpodcastSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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Night Owl Radio
Night Owl Radio #561 The Zombie Apocalypse Megamix.

Night Owl Radio

Play Episode Listen Later May 16, 2026 120:07


This week is the Zombie Apocalypse Megamix.1. HVDES - HVDES 00:00:502. HerShe & Kurei - icy 00:03:193. Taiki Nulight - I Mean 00:03:584. Excision & Wooli - Titans 00:04:435. NGHTMRE, Space Laces & IDK - Trials (NGHTMRE & Space Laces Club Mix) 00:05:446. Cool Customer - Patience 00:07:167. Snuffy - Vices 00:08:298. BOMMER & REDUCTOR - FLOODED 00:10:489. Don Jamal - UP! 00:12:3310. PAPAJAY & ZUZE - 2thestars 00:14:2911. Riot Ten & TYNAN - bRuh 00:15:5112. SVDDEN DEATH - Castles 00:17:4813. Torcha & skxllflower - Syndicate 00:19:4114. SampliFire & Chibs - Wrong House 00:21:2715. Aweminus - Glass Planet 00:22:5516. EAZYBAKED - DIAMONDS 00:25:2617. VEIL - UNKNOW 00:27:4118. ATLiens & GG Magree - Black Sheep (Usaybflow Remix) 00:30:0019. Distinct Motive & Wraz - Ricky 00:31:3620. Hostage Situation - Make It 00:34:0321. Caspa & PEEKABOO - Gut Feeling 00:35:3922. Dack Janiels - CEMETERY (VIP) 00:38:0323. Kai Wachi - PRECIOUS 00:39:4624. Zingara - Astra 00:42:5525. Know Good - Sock'em Bop'em 00:44:5526. Kompany & IVORY ft. Raxdflipnote - Jackpot 00:46:5127. Malaa & YDG - ID 00:51:3728. Bear Grillz & Kompany - Red Alert 00:52:5729. Levity - Heartbreak 00:53:5130. The Masquerade - Unbreakable 00:55:4831. AVELLO - Headrush 00:56:4132. INFEKT & SampliFire - ECHO 00:58:0233. Riot Ten - Riot 01:00:1034. Borgore & JXN - SUPERCAR 01:01:5335. Tisoki - FAKEOUT 01:03:3736. Dion Timmer & Chime - Defeatist 01:05:3237. JMSCLVN - BOO 01:06:5038. Zomboy - Doomsday 01:08:4539. Calcium - Dead Instinct 01:10:4040. Green Matter - Killa 01:12:5841. Virtual Riot - Statues 01:16:1942. Goldie - Inner City Life 01:17:4443. Mersiv & Effin - Belong To Me 01:20:0644. WHALES - HEALING 01:21:5545. HEYZ - HEYZ'D And Confused 01:23:4046. INTEGRATE - Ship Destroyer 01:26:1647. Buunshin - Agility 01:29:2248. Georgie Riot, MXTR & Interrex - Lonely 01:31:3449. Grafix - Concentration 01:32:1950. Sub Focus - Original Don 01:33:2551. Kanine, Sota & Mila Falls - Touchdown 01:35:5952. Dieselboy ft. Mark The Beast - Angel Dust 01:38:1253. Camo & Krooked - Armageddon 01:40:2454. Charlotte Haining & goddard. - Heartstrings 01:42:5955. Bensley - Vex 01:45:0056. Basstripper - Memories 01:46:5657. Skepsis & Turno - Rave Out 01:48:5858. MAYLAY - DEDOTATED WAM 01:49:3159. Metrik - Immortal 01:51:3160. Crumb Pit - Crumb Pit 01:52:4861. Hybrid Minds & Brodie - Heroin 01:55:1162. MUZZ - Nemesis 01:56:1763. Sigma - Nobody To Love 01:58:04

The DX Mentor
This Week in DX - 05/16/2026

The DX Mentor

Play Episode Listen Later May 16, 2026 12:55


Hello and Welcome to the DX Corner for yourweekly Dose of DX. I'm Bill, AJ8B.The following DX information comes from Bernie, W3UR, editor of the DailyDX, the WeeklyDX, and the How's DXcolumn in QST. If you would like a free 2-week trial of the DailyDX, your only source of real-time DX information, just drop me a note at thedxmentor@gmail.comXT - Burkina Faso – Harald, DF2SWO,goes again to Burkina Faso using the callsign XT2AW, until May 19.  Harald plans to be on HF and the QO-100 satellite and he welcomes skeds.   CN – Morocco - CN2NQV is the call for F8NQV who is QRV until July 11.  The QTH is the town of Sidi Rahal Chatai, on the Atlantic Ocean, 70 kilometers south of Casablanca.   Pascal's gear runs 100 watts to a Diamond vertical on the rooftop, about 15 meters above ground level. 5Z - Kenya  - 5Z4/MM0ZBH is QRV Holiday Style until June 15, with 100 watts and wire antennas.  QSL via the MM0ZBH home QTH, but his first choice is Logbook of the World foryour request.  Direct is SAE, no USD or IRC needed.  Paul says"I am happy to pay return postage." A6 - United Arab Emirates (UAE) - Many A60PE/##calls will be on the air as part of a national campaign of pride,"Proud of the Emirates."  Flag Day and Union Day (National Day) are popular national pride days.  The current event goes through May 31.  A3 – Tonga - JH3QFL, Takio, will operate as A31AA from Tongatapu Island, Tonga between May 14–22, 2026, onthe 80m–6m bands. QSL cards are available via SASE, and QSOs will be uploaded to LoTW. T8 – Palau - T88IL, T88JH and T88KY will be an operation May 21-24, ops JF3PLF, JR3QFB and JA1MFR, from Koror.  Masa, Yoshi, and Masa will be on 160-6M SSB, CW and digital. QSL details are on QRZ.com.  ZC4 - UK Sovereign Base Areas on Cyprus - G4WXJ, Dave, will operate as ZC4RH from Dhekelia (KM64ux) between May 24 and 30, using 100 watts with Yaesu 857D and Xiegu X6100 radios. He will be active on CW, SSB, FT8, and FT4 modes across 40 to 6 meters, using dipoles and EFHW antennas. 3B9 - Rodrigues I - UR9IDX, Ivan, is QRV until June 1st, as 3B9IDX from Rodrigues Island. His operations will focus on HF bands, primarily using CW and some SSB, but not FT8. QSLdirect only to his address in Madeira Island, Portugal. JW – Svalbard - G1VAQ, Tom, will be briefly operating as JW/G1VAQ from Svalbard in May, using portable QRP (5W)CW on 20 meters. He asks for patience with his CW and notes that QSOs will be confirmed via LoTW and QRZ.com after his return to the UK. OX – Gree nland - OZ1DJJ, Bo, will be active as OX3LX from Aasiaat Island until May 22nd. This activity is part of a work trip, not a DXpedition, so limited radio contacts are expected. 6Y – Jamaica - KQ4PGV, Bill, is traveling to Jamaica from May 31 to June 8 for an anniversary trip and will operate as KQ4PGV/6Y on the radio when possible. Although experienced with POTA and SOTA, he is new to DXing and will be using an IC-705, tuner, and an amp (either 100W or 50W). He plans to activate parks for POTA using FT8 and Ham2kPortable Logger. CP – Bolivia - Team CP7DX has released some details of the upcoming DXpedition. They plan to be QRV from Tarija May 26 to June 6, including the CQ WW WPX CW weekend. The rest of the time they will do SSB, CW and FT8, 160-6M and EME on 144 and 432 MHz. QSL direct to LU1FM and Club Log OQRS too. PJ4 – Bonaire - WA7RAR, Chris, as PJ4CB will be there again May 27 to June 8, SSB and CW, 20-10M and from POTAsites on the island.  4K – Azerbaijan - The first ever POTA activation from Absheron National Park, AZ-0004 is May 28. The 4K0T“DXpedition and Contest Team” is going, joined by the ARAS, the Azerbaijan Radio Amateurs Society. They say the park is remarkable, on the Caspian Sea. It is grid LN50eg. They plan HF SSB and will have live updates, photos, logs and QSL info as things unfold.

Phoenix Radio
Phoenix Radio #328

Phoenix Radio

Play Episode Listen Later May 11, 2026 60:51


ILLENIUM drops new music from Said the Sky, Virtual Riot, Skrillex, Seven Lions, Madeon, William Black, and many more!Don't forget to rate & review on all of your favorite podcast apps! Post your comments on twitter @ILLENIUM #PHOENIXRADIOTracklist:PHOENIX RADIO OPENER 00:00 The Chainsmokers & OAKS - Love Is Kind 00:54 Nicky Romero & Almero ft. Grace Barton - Run To You 04:55 Armin van Buuren & Skytech - She A Freak 08:10 Sentinel - Let There Be Light 11:56 Jason Ross, William Black & OAKS - Mirage 15:57 Said The Sky & flor - Together Again (patfromlastyear Remix) 19:50 WINK - tonguetiiied (Ghost Voices Flip) 23:10 Subtronics ft. Inéz - Eyes Cut Deeper 26:08 if found - checkup 29:04 Nikademis - DAMAGE CONTROL 31:29 Virtual Riot - Fire & Forget 34:48 Skrillex, ISOxo, Cristale & TeeZandos - Smoke 38:03 Seven Lions & FORS - Dreams 40:15 Liquid Stranger & AHEE - Hot Shot 44:07 Freaks & Geeks, Mugatu & Alika - Night Is Gone 46:40 Sota, Kanine & Mila Falls - Touchdown 49:27 k?d & Jazara - close your eyes 51:40 Big Gigantic, Evalyn & San Holo - BEAUTIFUL COLORS 55:30 Madeon ft. Slayyyter - Fire Away 58:47

Toy Power Podcast
#441: Tealeós UK Toy Shop Tour!

Toy Power Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 9, 2026 66:09


This Week on the Toy Power Podcast; we are unfortunately once again missing Scot; but making up the Forth Member of the show; & back from his recent UK Trip; we have Special Guest: Matt Tealeó! Matt systematically guides us through his most recent Toy Hunting Tour through UK! Kicking things off at "Leicester Vintage" & "Retrodee Toys"; with a very difficult mindset of self control & retaining enough money for the rest of the Trip! Then traveling next to the impressive: "Space Bridge"; which certainly holds up its name for Transformers fans! Next adventure was "The Vintage ToyMonster"; that was very well stocked indeed. Moving on next to: "Back To The Retro" which was positioned in a Mall. Then heading over to the incredibly well curated & equally spectacular: "Retro By Ronnie." Touring on then to both "Nerdbase" & "The London Toyshop". Next expedition was to "Hertfordshire Vintage Toys," with their striking Cabinet presentations! Then wrapping up at the awe-inspiring "88mph Toys" which seemed to have everything!! Then we bring it back to the Studio; with an exciting Gift-Box from Matt; for us to open! Wrapping up the Episode is a great overlook of what we are each Reading, Playing &/or Watching! Enjoy! To find more from Matthew Teale - please check out his very Toy Focused Instagram page: @Tealeos_ToyBox Support the show: http://patreon.com/toypowerpodcastSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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DJ Глюк
DJ Глюк (DJ Gluk) - Трал-Ли Вал-Ли Drum Ba Basss Vol. 214 (Drum'n'Bass) Май 2026

DJ Глюк

Play Episode Listen Later May 8, 2026 61:27


Небольшой экскурс для вновь прибывших слушателей. Данная линейка миксов называется "Трал-Ли Вал-Ли Drum Ba Basss" Серия существует больше года, это точно. Здесь ВСЕГДА были песенки с вокалом - это основа данной серии. Так задумано было изначально. Здесь никогда не было ТОЛЬКО жести, и появление некоторой агрессивной музыки, это скорее ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЕ, поэтому, если Вы здесь ожидаете какого-то Нейро-Трэш разноса, Вы просто ошиблись страничкой и нажали кнопку PLAY по ошибке.... Всё это так же относится и ликвидной линейке. Там ВСЕГДА была музыка с понятными поп аккордами, а всякий псевдоинтеллектульный, пресный мусор или фоновая музыка - это не у меня. Я просто не буду тратить на это время. Рагга из этой же калитки. Пердящие барабаны, которые пришли на смену классическому Клоун Стэпу, вероятно эволюция в мире музыки, но, пожалуйста, это всё без меня... Спасибо. youtu.be/nms5QZhOp2Y SWEET DREAMS 11 @ DJ Глюк Прости меня моя любовь @ DJ Глюк 1. Marilyn Manson - Sweet Dreams (DJ Глюк D'N'B Remix) 2. Skybred feat. Amber Jay - Navigate (feat. Amber Jay) 3. Beama - Go Down 4. Sigma - Chargie (Creekz Remix) 5. Pirapus - ENERGY (I Feel) 6. Tengu - Yappatron 7. Bonnot, DJ Aladyn, TILLY - Bass & Frequency 8. Subtronics x Inéz - Eyes Cut Deeper (HISSTERIA Remix) 9. Земфира - ПММЛ (DJ Глюк D'N'B Remix) 10. Punchman & Виталя Дизель - Магнитофон 11. Blossom - Good Vibrations 12. Kanine, Sota & Mila Falls - Touchdown 13. Andromedik, Arcando, Raphaella - Hold Me In Heaven 14. Eleanyx - Storm 15. Sens Age - Night Bus 16. Dub Elements - Good Time 17. Example - Kickstarts (MXTR Bootleg)

Upper 90 Club
S5E11: It's a Trapp!

Upper 90 Club

Play Episode Listen Later May 4, 2026 76:33


Oh no, we suck again! Club talks Sota, the Youth, My Left Foot (not a movie), and less!#Crew96 #R96TS Check links below: Disrespected: www.thedisrespected.comPursuit: @pursuityourselfHanif Abdurraqib: @NifMuhammadBird: @cgmaciel.bsky.socialCapyBrava: @capybrava.bsky.socialhttps://ahernandezart.comBecome part of the Discord family: discordecke.soccerSupporter Supply: https://www.supportersupply.co/  Code for free delivery:  upper90boyz (that's boys with a Z)Minnows: https://linktr.ee/minnowshttps://sirkbook.com/https://nordecke.com/Podcasts are available on Spotify, Apple Podcast, and all podcast apps. Now on YouTube, with video, and the faces!  Not seeing us somewhere? Email us Check us out on our Social Media Platforms and feel free to email us! We're totally literate and will 100% read anything you send, promise.Songs by Nick Tolford and Company https://ntac.bandcamp.com/track/boys-night-outSIGN UP TO BE PART OF THE NORDECKE!  Here - https://nordecke.com/Subscribe to our channel for more soccer content:-Email us:  podcast@upper90club.com-Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/Upper90ClubPod-Like us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/upper90clubpod-Follow us on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/upper90clubpod/-Apple Music: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/upper-90-club/id1647214221-Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/1xnYAtnQ8tThdn5JWX6c24-Linktree: https://linktr.ee/upper90clubpod#VamosColumbus | #Crew96 | #Upper90Club | #R96TS#SoccerPodcast #Podcast #ColumbusCrewPodcast

Toy Power Podcast
#440: News & The M.A.S.K. Team with Tealeó!

Toy Power Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later May 3, 2026 98:02


This Week on the Toy Power Podcast; we are unfortunately missing Master Scot; but standing his spot is Special Guest: Matt Tealeó! Kicking things off, we have some somber News as we morn the loss of the Creator of He-Man; Roger Sweet. RIP great sir. Then onto more positive things; with Movie Masters Toys hitting our local stores in a big way; just how deep are we already with purchases?! Lots of awesome things coming out of Mondo plus another shot at Tron from the team at Hasbro. Marvel Legends continues to impress us; especially with their New Rivals offers! Arguments about how to pronounce "Mate" - & this is coming from a bunch of Aussies! Neca - we are directing this at you! Then we take off our Headphones, & suit up with our key choices of Superpowered Helmets! Yep, its time for another segment of The Team! Featuring you guessed it: The Good-Guys behind the Mobile Armored Strike Kommand! Selecting key characters that best suit the catagories for: Leader, Muscle, Specialist, Wheelman; as well as an Iconic Vehicle too!! Do YOU agree with our final Choices?! All this & more; ENJOY!! To find more from Matthew Teale - please check out his very Toy Focused Instagram page: @Tealeos_ToyBox Support the show: http://patreon.com/toypowerpodcastSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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Radio Record
Gvozd @ Record Club #1277 (01-05-2026)

Radio Record

Play Episode Listen Later May 1, 2026


01. James Hiraeth & EJ Kitto - addicted 02. Mage - Lucid Desire 03. Juelz - wakeup(crazy) [feat. Angst] 04. Skybred - Navigate (feat. Amber Jay) 05. John B, Magellan Starchild, The Young Punx! - In For The Kill (Dnb Version) 06. Dub Elements - Good Time 07. Yehor, DnB Doctor - Good Time 08. James Hiraeth - don't feel the same 09. Above & Beyond, Zoe Johnston - Carry Me Home (Koven Extended Mix) 10. Sens Age - Night Bus (Extended Mix) 11. Andromedik - Take Me Away (Lexurus Remix) 12. SACHI - On Your Mind (SLESS Remix) 13. oneBYone - Imagined 14. Changing Faces - Drop It Low 15. Futurebound - Meduza 16. yussi & XLVR - Fireproof 17. Lee Mvtthews, Bennie - Bass Face 18. DnB Doctor, Lyryck - Psycho Rider 19. Dr. Apollo - Lock In 20. Flowidus - Run The Track 21. Tengu, AL/SO & LISWAF - Ouch 22. Mountain - The Sounds 23. Pirapus - ENERGY (I Feel) (Extended Mix) 24. AIRGLO - RISE AGAIN 25. Kanine, Sota & Mila Falls - Touchdown 26. Comet, UNTIL DAWN - Fall To Pieces 27. Figure - Terminal 28. Nemean, Kimaji - Wanderer 29. Impex - Vegan Zombie Parade 30. FractalOne - Stand Up 31. VORSIDE - Mom Get The Camera 32. Overtune - Cut The Signal 33. Netsphere - Fury 34. 2Whales - Move 35. Document One Love Me Better (feat. Jolie P & I.5.2.Y) 36. hightech, Kirika & Specifik - V poiske tebya 37. Waeys - Next Record 38. Octavate - Arcade Dream 39. Dark Soul, Lady Go & Struno - Sledami 40. Octavate - Fiver 41. Sol Pillars - Bassline Culture 42. Bongy, TIJA - Arabicus 43. Amoss, Minor Forms - Slow Turbo 44. Disrupta - Disrupt The Dancefloor 45. Quantum Mechanix - Champions of Dub 46. Conrad Subs - Detached 47. ACP, Clarkey - Manic Boppa 48. Acid Purrr - We Go Insane 49. Ambion & Pvc - Shades Off 50. DJ Direkt - Time Is Ticking 51. Brookes Brothers, Danny Byrd - Feelin' This Way 52. Roni Size & Vikter Duplaix - My Story 53. The Prophecy, Diffe - The Way (feat. Noemi) 54. IAMDOOMED - Transmission 55. Dope Ammo, Pedders, RareForm & Sara Cruz - Alone 56. MC Fats, Inja - Sugar Sweet 57. Nexus, Silvz - Wager 58. Tyke & Prestige - I Will Show You 59. Voltage - The Swarm 60. Agro - Allow It 61. Simula - Gargoyle 62. Selek - Elevation 63. Mofes - Blender 64. Phibes - Ride Or Die 65. Jon Cross - See The Music 66. Phantom 45 - Funk It! (Jaybee Remix) 67. Crate Classics & JODIAN NATTY - Rudeboy Sound (DJ Hype & Heist Remix) 68. Lynx & Need For Mirrors - Fake Note 69. M A CE - A Deal with Atrocious Love 70. Toby Ross - Can't Do It 71. AKAS - Close Your Eyes (DJ Hybrid Remix) 72. Hakka - Ghetto Blaster (Xian Juan remix) 73. DJ QT - Only You (Doctor Roberts remix) 74. Sali - Soundbwoi 75. RISC - Street Rap 76. Benny Page & Doktor - When You're Ready 77. Quantum Mechanix - Jack Funk 78. Technical Itch - Rainlight 79. Dive & DJ LLIW - Danger Zone! 80. Domz, Jumanji - Test The Bad Boy 81. 3rd Sh4de - Don't You Cry 82. Frameshift & Twintone - Limerence 83. EIJER - Moment of Solace 84. Duoscience, Maykors - Give It Time 85. Surreal & Motiv - Chameleon 86. Versions - Set It Free 87. Aftertones - Said & Done

Gvozd
Gvozd @ Record Club #1277 (01-05-2026)

Gvozd

Play Episode Listen Later May 1, 2026


01. James Hiraeth & EJ Kitto - addicted 02. Mage - Lucid Desire 03. Juelz - wakeup(crazy) [feat. Angst] 04. Skybred - Navigate (feat. Amber Jay) 05. John B, Magellan Starchild, The Young Punx! - In For The Kill (Dnb Version) 06. Dub Elements - Good Time 07. Yehor, DnB Doctor - Good Time 08. James Hiraeth - don't feel the same 09. Above & Beyond, Zoe Johnston - Carry Me Home (Koven Extended Mix) 10. Sens Age - Night Bus (Extended Mix) 11. Andromedik - Take Me Away (Lexurus Remix) 12. SACHI - On Your Mind (SLESS Remix) 13. oneBYone - Imagined 14. Changing Faces - Drop It Low 15. Futurebound - Meduza 16. yussi & XLVR - Fireproof 17. Lee Mvtthews, Bennie - Bass Face 18. DnB Doctor, Lyryck - Psycho Rider 19. Dr. Apollo - Lock In 20. Flowidus - Run The Track 21. Tengu, AL/SO & LISWAF - Ouch 22. Mountain - The Sounds 23. Pirapus - ENERGY (I Feel) (Extended Mix) 24. AIRGLO - RISE AGAIN 25. Kanine, Sota & Mila Falls - Touchdown 26. Comet, UNTIL DAWN - Fall To Pieces 27. Figure - Terminal 28. Nemean, Kimaji - Wanderer 29. Impex - Vegan Zombie Parade 30. FractalOne - Stand Up 31. VORSIDE - Mom Get The Camera 32. Overtune - Cut The Signal 33. Netsphere - Fury 34. 2Whales - Move 35. Document One Love Me Better (feat. Jolie P & I.5.2.Y) 36. hightech, Kirika & Specifik - V poiske tebya 37. Waeys - Next Record 38. Octavate - Arcade Dream 39. Dark Soul, Lady Go & Struno - Sledami 40. Octavate - Fiver 41. Sol Pillars - Bassline Culture 42. Bongy, TIJA - Arabicus 43. Amoss, Minor Forms - Slow Turbo 44. Disrupta - Disrupt The Dancefloor 45. Quantum Mechanix - Champions of Dub 46. Conrad Subs - Detached 47. ACP, Clarkey - Manic Boppa 48. Acid Purrr - We Go Insane 49. Ambion & Pvc - Shades Off 50. DJ Direkt - Time Is Ticking 51. Brookes Brothers, Danny Byrd - Feelin' This Way 52. Roni Size & Vikter Duplaix - My Story 53. The Prophecy, Diffe - The Way (feat. Noemi) 54. IAMDOOMED - Transmission 55. Dope Ammo, Pedders, RareForm & Sara Cruz - Alone 56. MC Fats, Inja - Sugar Sweet 57. Nexus, Silvz - Wager 58. Tyke & Prestige - I Will Show You 59. Voltage - The Swarm 60. Agro - Allow It 61. Simula - Gargoyle 62. Selek - Elevation 63. Mofes - Blender 64. Phibes - Ride Or Die 65. Jon Cross - See The Music 66. Phantom 45 - Funk It! (Jaybee Remix) 67. Crate Classics & JODIAN NATTY - Rudeboy Sound (DJ Hype & Heist Remix) 68. Lynx & Need For Mirrors - Fake Note 69. M A CE - A Deal with Atrocious Love 70. Toby Ross - Can't Do It 71. AKAS - Close Your Eyes (DJ Hybrid Remix) 72. Hakka - Ghetto Blaster (Xian Juan remix) 73. DJ QT - Only You (Doctor Roberts remix) 74. Sali - Soundbwoi 75. RISC - Street Rap 76. Benny Page & Doktor - When You're Ready 77. Quantum Mechanix - Jack Funk 78. Technical Itch - Rainlight 79. Dive & DJ LLIW - Danger Zone! 80. Domz, Jumanji - Test The Bad Boy 81. 3rd Sh4de - Don't You Cry 82. Frameshift & Twintone - Limerence 83. EIJER - Moment of Solace 84. Duoscience, Maykors - Give It Time 85. Surreal & Motiv - Chameleon 86. Versions - Set It Free 87. Aftertones - Said & Done

Toy Power Podcast
#439: Travel; ToyFair & Latest Scores!

Toy Power Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 26, 2026 124:14


This Week on the Toy Power Podcast; we are all back together again in the studio; ready to share our latest exciting Stories of Adventure! Scot traveled to Melbourne & caught the 20th Anniversary of Wrestle Rock; as well as the Evil Dead -Musical; along with his partner Jo, Brett & Sarah. Frank traveled with his Family to Japan, & soaked in the awesome atmosphere & Culture! Including the height of Cherry Blossom Season! Disneyland certainly proved to be the happiest place on earth; plus creating new friends too! Ben car-pooled with Davey to Ballarat Victoria, for the incredibly entertaining Live Recording of Passive Aggressive ep 200! Then a trip to Melbourne to catch Renegades Of Wrestling! Trent & Fam adventured to Japan too - with some amazing stories of Universal Studios & Toy Hunting as far as his feet could take him!! Then we bring it back to our local area; in which Ben, Frank & Scot attended Brett & Sarah's: Adelaide Comic & Toy Fair event! We each sold there & had the best day! With all said above - you can only imagine what we each come together to get amped-up about.... Our Latest Scores! This is a rather big boost from each of us; as we shout-out the goodies we have got from all over the place!! All this & more - enjoy this extended ep!Support the show: http://patreon.com/toypowerpodcastSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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Foundations of Amateur Radio
You don't need an excuse to make noise!

Foundations of Amateur Radio

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 18, 2026 3:40


Foundations of Amateur Radio The other day I came across a post on mastodon.radio by Keith W6KME announcing the resumption of the Micro Field Day, spelled using the 12th letter of the Greek alphabet, Mu. This was news to me, since I didn't know they'd stopped, let alone existed at all. Being the curious type, I stopped to investigate and discovered an initiative that could, and in my not so humble opinion, should, be replicated all over the planet. Essentially an informal monthly gathering of amateurs with their portable set-up, ranging from hand-held radios through lightweight backpack gear suitable for SOTA or POTA, or Summits or Parks on the Air, to car portable stations where your vehicle acts as the carry mule and perhaps the base of your antenna. In other words, it's for anyone who brings along their radio to play or if you're not yet ready to do that, come and participate as you feel inclined. So, what of the resumption, you ask. It turns out that the activity became so popular locally that some parks required paid bookings and insurance, which is somewhat challenging if you're not actually an organisation. The closest I've ever come to a Micro Field Day is when we celebrated a milestone anniversary for the weekly F-troop net that has now been running for over 15 years. The Bored Net Group website has plenty of information about what they get up to during a Micro Field Day, Random Metal Objects On The Air, shared club activities, picnic lunches, and activations at local lakes, landmarks and other places of interest. I'd also like to make a point here about documenting your activities so the rest of the community can learn from your experience and the Micro Field Day isn't the only, or even the first activity that the group organised. Special mention to Zak N6PK who started hosting the BORED net four times a day during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in March 2020. You'll find the full story when you check out their site at theborednet.net for that and oodles more inspiration. While I'm perfectly happy sitting at home behind a computer reading research on the resource comparison between half a dozen algorithms for calculating a Fast Fourier Transform, that's not the only thing that amateur radio represents. When I started running F-troop there was no place for new and returning amateurs to gather and ask questions and share their experiences. Today the log shows at least one new callsign for each week we've been on-air, representing nearly a thousand amateurs who activated their transmitter and shared their experience. There is no organisation behind F-troop, it's a couple of amateurs who regularly turn up and participate to act as a welcoming voice into the diverse community that represents amateur radio. In other words, it started because I felt like it and it continues because people keep coming back. The Micro Field Day is exactly the same in that it was started to scratch an itch. I'm making this explicit because some amateurs appear to be under the impression that they'll need a local club or organisation to organise activities for them. I'm here to tell you that you can start such an activity with your friends. Ultimately, where do you think clubs come from? So .. what are you waiting for? Get on-air and make some noise! I'm Onno VK6FLAB

Toy Power Podcast
#438: Secret Wars & ToyFare Tournament!

Toy Power Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 11, 2026 72:57


This Week on the Toy Power Podcast; we once again welcome Special Guest Brett Owen into the studio! With his incredible insightful knowledge & overall Collection too; of Mattel's Secret Wars Toyline! With an impressive Roster of characters from all around the Marvel Universe! Kicking off in the early 80s; including a very impressive assortment of Vehicles & Playset. Brett drops some fact bombs that shock the Toy Power team; and he also has some great Toys from his personal collection to chat towards - including (but not limited to); the Doom Copter & Freedom Fighter sets. Then after a fantastic response from our listeners; Trent digs out another retro issue of ToyFare Magazine - in the new segment dubbed: From The Archives! With a look-back at the previous Top-10 list from Toyfare issue #11; how does that stand up against an apparently Fan-Voted 64 Action Figure Tournament -from the pages of ToyFare issue #38?!?! A fun guessing game for the crew; as they try & guess who will be (or was), the Overall Winner?! Do you agree; or were your own guesses different to ours? Enjoy!! Check out Brett on Instagram: @MyNameIsBrett & be sure to follow the Adelaide Comic & Toy Fair on all Social Media platforms! Support the show: http://patreon.com/toypowerpodcastSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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Toy Power Podcast
#437: The Robot Voice Ep; with Brett!

Toy Power Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 4, 2026 70:49


This Week on the Toy Power Podcast; after a flawless start without Frank; we get the ball rolling with Special Guest Brett Owen; assisting us with his one good leg! Latest News starts off with a personal addition to Ben's family in the form of a Four-Legged Friend named: Ziggy! Then we venture into the Plastic Meat Ball world of Battle Of The Planets! Mego have a neat exclusive Marvel set that looks very faithful, but has proved difficult to obtain in the past. YHS continue to entertain the Head-Lines with a New Cyptoids announcement in the form of: Bat-Boy! McFarlane & Entertainment Earth combine forces with a tease of more Super Powers figures.... Plus more announcements of G.I. Joe Classified Figures from the latest Hasbro Pulse Livestream. Then Ben goes down the Rabbit-Hole of a New-ish Modern Toyline that genuinely has something for all; including offers for the die-hard Vintage Toy fans too!! To get a more information & potentially purchase the "Rover Robin" offers; please check out: https://pearia.co (or Google PeariA for your nearest potential stockist of these high quality toys.) Check out Brett on Instagram: @MyNameIsBrett & be sure to follow the Adelaide Comic & Toy Fair on all Social Media platformsSupport the show: http://patreon.com/toypowerpodcastSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

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The Optimal Life with Nate Haber
510. Dr. Stephanie Rimka :: What Big Pharma Doesn't Want You to Know

The Optimal Life with Nate Haber

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 2, 2026 38:49


Dr. Stephanie Rimka is a pioneering clinician who authored the book, "Receive: The Dance of Feminine Power." Learn more at https://drrimka.com EPISODE SUMMARY BELOW: 1. Vision for Treatment Islands Ambition to build residential centers on multiple islands Preference to remain near the United States and in jurisdictions allowing gun ownership 2. Challenges with International Patients and Systems Difficulties treating patients from Australia and Canada Systemic obstacles to providing care across borders 3. COVID-19 Era Reflections and Medical Discourse Early preparedness with peptide therapies and supportive protocols -- At the pandemic's onset, certain clinicians organized protocols incorporating peptides (e.g., thymosin alpha-1), nicotine, methylene blue, and adjuncts like ivermectin and hydroxychloroquine to support immunity and nutrient delivery, leveraging prior peptide therapy experience. Belief that the pandemic response was misleading and coercive Censorship and platform restrictions -- Recounting bans and throttling on Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook, resorting to coded language (e.g., "cupcake") to avoid content moderation and experiencing extended live bans. 4. Social Media Enforcement and Pharmaceutical Influence Allegation of coordinated reporting by Eli Lilly -- Dr. Rimka says Instagram notified her that Eli Lilly reported her account, coinciding with actions against peers. She speculates that microdosing education threatened sales by reducing dosing volume. Selective enforcement and inconsistent standards -- Frustration is expressed over perceived preferential treatment of similar content by others and retroactive flagging of archived posts, reinforcing a sense of targeted suppression. 5. Regulatory Changes in Peptide Therapy Historical context and global research base Reclassification and access restrictions post-COVID -- Key peptides (e.g., TA1) became difficult to source after regulatory changes limiting compounding pharmacies. Clinicians turned to research-use-only and international sources, creating delays and uncertainty, which Rimka attributes to pharmaceutical efforts to limit widespread peptide use. Shift toward FDA approvals and evolving legal landscape 6. Regulatory Reclassification, Patents, and Natural Substances Peptides are naturally occurring and should not be restricted Pharma patents delivery systems/binders to capture markets 7. Pharma Influence and COVID-19 Coordination Claims Early warnings from contacts in China -- Dr. Rimka cites late-2019 warnings from contacts in Hong Kong/Shanghai who moved to Singapore and ceased WeChat communications, interpreted as signals of impending danger. Pharma's dominant role over government -- Assertions that pharma influences U.S. policy and suspect foul play in COVID-19's origins, drawing parallels to alleged bioweapon narratives involving Lyme disease and alpha-gal syndrome. 8. Intent Behind Global Response to COVID-19 Population control and compliance -- Mass vaccination and public health measures were designed to control and desensitize populations, testing compliance via mandates and social cues. Desensitization to tracking and bio-integrated technologies -- Warn of normalization of biometrics, implanted chips, and digital credentials, eroding autonomy and reshaping identity. 9. Vaccination Schedules, Immune Claims, and Endocrine Concerns Modern immunization schedules are excessive -- The interlocutors argue current infant vaccine schedules are unprecedentedly large compared to past generations. Rejection of autoimmune disease concept Vaccines and environmental endocrine disruptors -- Vaccine components and environmental chemicals (BPA, phthalates, microplastics) may influence sexuality and identity, citing animal studies and extrapolating to human exposures. 10. Nanotechnology, Frequencies, and Neurofeedback Potential for nano-chips/robots to alter physiology -- Dr. Rimka references public claims of nanotechnology capable of modulating cellular function and suggests undisclosed uses may exist, potentially via injections or environmental exposure. Brain manipulation and external frequency influences -- As a neurofeedback practitioner, Dr. Rimka describes modulating brain states via EEG-guided training and hypothesize that external infrastructures (e.g., 5G towers) could emit localized pulses affecting sleep, fatigue, and headaches. 11. Autism, Vaccine Injury, and Institutional Trust Correlation between vaccines and neurotoxicity -- The conversation frames vaccination as a high risk, referencing vaccine injury claims and the existence of a Vaccine Court, attributing neurotoxic effects to schedule components. CDC and FDA as misinformation sources 12. Personal Safety, Loss, and Public Pressure Denial of suicidality and acknowledgment of pressure -- Dr. Rimka confirms she is not suicidal, reflecting on past fears during heightened public controversy and the burden of advocacy when her child was young. Partner's death and suspected vaccine link Practitioner deaths and mentor loss -- A period of suspicious deaths among functional health practitioners, including her mentor, Dr. John Hicks, amplifying her sense of risk in the field. 13. Vaccine Lot Variability and Experimental Control Claims Variable vaccine lots and possible placebos -- Some vaccine lots may have been placebos, implying controlled experimentation and differential risk among recipients. 14. Peptides and Early Pandemic Protocols TA1, nicotine, methylene blue, ivermectin, and hydroxychloroquine -- Dr. Rimka details clinician-driven "stacking" strategies combining TA1 with nicotine and methylene blue, alongside ivermectin and hydroxychloroquine, to enhance immune support, nutrient delivery, and reduce dosages during shortages. Public awareness of peptides was limited at the time. 15. Lyme Disease, Alpha-gal, and Non-Vaccine Strategies Lyme and alpha-gal as engineered threats -- Dr. Rimka characterizes Lyme disease as man-made with multiple vectors and views alpha-gal syndrome as unprecedented and possibly engineered, linking observed field anomalies to concerning patterns and anticipated vaccine rollouts. System optimization and aggressive post-bite protocols -- Recommended approaches include immune modulation, readiness with specific products, and rapid "killing and binding" after bites. CellCore Biosciences protocols spanning 10–12 months for chelation and pathogen elimination are endorsed, with guidance to work with trained clinicians. Electromagnetic devices and mitochondrial charge -- Bob Beck protocol devices (e.g., SOTA) and frequency-based tools to raise cellular/mitochondrial charge, positing cellular voltage as a fundamental determinant of recovery capacity. Practical toolkit -- Suggested on-hand items include DMSO, turpentine, ivermectin, silver, specific devices, peptides like TA1, and tinctures for Borrelia and Babesia, with an emphasis on early, aggressive intervention. 16. Public Communication, Professional Constraints, and Promotion Polarizing messaging and informed consent Tension between education and platform policy Credentials, partnerships, and book -- Dr. Rimka discusses her book, "Receive: The Dance of Feminine Power," emphasizing balanced masculine-feminine energies, honoring reception to reduce burnout, and reflections on motherhood and work. She also suggests a peptide stack (Klotho, Follistatin, Cell Factor).

Latent Space: The AI Engineer Podcast — CodeGen, Agents, Computer Vision, Data Science, AI UX and all things Software 3.0
Moonlake: Causal World Models should be Multimodal, Interactive, and Efficient — with Chris Manning and Fan-yun Sun

Latent Space: The AI Engineer Podcast — CodeGen, Agents, Computer Vision, Data Science, AI UX and all things Software 3.0

Play Episode Listen Later Apr 2, 2026 66:47


We've been on a bit of a mini World Models series over the last quarter: from introducing the topic with Yi Tay, to exploring Marble with World Labs' Fei-Fei Li and Justin Johnson, to previewing World Models learned from massive gaming datasets with General Intuition's Pim de Witte (who has now written down their approach to World Models with Not Boring), to discussing the Cosmos World Model with with Andrew White of Edison Scientific on our new Science pod, to writing up our own theses on Adversarial World Models. Meanwhile Nvidia, Waymo and Tesla have published their own approaches, Google has released Genie 3, and Yann LeCun has raised $1B for AMI and published LeWorldModel.Today's guests have a radically different approach to World Modeling to every player we just mentioned — while Genie 3 is impressive, its many flaws demonstrate the issues with their approach - terrain clipping, noninteractivity (single player, no physics/no objects other than the player move), and maximum of 60 second immersion. Moonlake AI (inspired by the Dreamworks logo) is the diametric opposite - immediately multiplayer, incredibly interactive, indefinite lifetime, capable of MANY different kinds of world models by simulating environments, predicting outcomes, and planning over long horizons. This is enabled by bootstrapping from game engines and training custom agents: In Towards Efficient World Models, Chris Manning and Ian Goodfellow join Fan-Yun in explaining why their approach to efficiency with structure and casuality instead of just blind scaling is sorely needed:SOTA models still show physical or spatial understanding glitches, such as solid objects floating in mid-air or moving “inside” other solid objects.If the goal is to plan for the next action, how often is a high-resolution pixel view necessary for modeling the world? Our bet is that there is a disproportionately large share of economically valuable tasks where such detail is not required. After all, humans with a wide variety of sensory limitations have little difficulty doing almost everything in the world. Furthermore, for a large number of purposes, describing a scene or a situation in a few words of language (“the car's tires squealed as it cornered sharply”) is sufficient for understanding and planning.Experiments also show that humans only partially process visual input in a top-down, task-directed way, often making use of abstracted object-level modeling. In almost all cases, partial representations combined with semantic understanding are sufficient.…If the goal is to facilitate the understanding of causality in multimodal environments, then the world model—whether it is used in the virtual world or the physical world—must prioritize properties such as spatial and physical state consistency maintained over long time periods, and an ability to evolve the world that accurately reflects the consequences of actions. That's what Moonlake is building.Game engines are the right starting point abstraction to efficiently extract causal relationships, and building the interfaces and community (including their new $30,000 Creator Cup) to kickstart the flywheel of actions-to-observations.We were fortunate enough to attend their sessions at GDC 2026 (the Mecca of Game Devs), and were impressed by the huge variety and flexibility of the worlds people were building with Moonlake's tools already! Live videos on the pod.Full Video Pod on YouTube!Timestamps00:00 Benchmarking Gets Hard00:47 Meet Moonlake Founders01:26 Why Build World Models03:12 Structure Not Just Scale05:37 Defining Action Conditioned Worlds07:32 Abstraction Versus Bitter Lesson14:39 Language Versus JEPA Debate20:27 Reasoning Traces And Rendering Layer37:00 Gameplay Over Graphics38:02 Fiction Rules And World Tweaks39:15 Code Engines Beat Learned Priors41:10 Diffusion Scaling Limits43:23 Symbolic Versus Diffusion Boundary46:14 Platform Vision Beyond Games50:24 Spatial Audio And Multimodal Latents54:23 NLP Roots Hiring And Moon Lake NameTranscript[00:00:00] Cold Open[00:00:00] Chris Manning: Think this whole space is extremely difficult as things are emerging now. And I mean, it's not only for world models, I think it's for everything including text-based models, right? ‘cause in the early days it seemed very easy to have good benchmarks ‘cause we could do things like question answering benchmarks.[00:00:20] But these days so much of what people are wanting to do is nothing like that, right? You're wanting to get some recommendations about which backpack would be best for you for your trip in Europe next month. It's not so easy to come up with a benchmark, and it's the same problem with these world models.[00:00:41] Meet the Founders[00:00:41] swyx: Okay. We're back in the studio with Moon Lake's, two leads. I, I guess there's other founders as well, but, sun and Chris Manning. Welcome to the studio.[00:00:54] Fan-yun Sun: Thanks. Thanks, Chris. Thanks for having us.[00:00:56] swyx: You've got, you guys have, come burst onto the scene with a really refreshing [00:01:00] new take of mold models.[00:01:01] I would just want to, I guess ask how you, the two of you came together. Chris, you're a legend in NLP and just AI in, in, in general. You're, you're his grad student, I guess[00:01:10] Fan-yun Sun: Actually my co-founder.[00:01:11] swyx: Oh, yeah.[00:01:12] Fan-yun Sun: I should give a lot of credit to my co-founder, Sharon. Yeah. She was, she was actually working with Professor Fe Androgyn and then she ended up working with, Ron and Chris Manning here.[00:01:22] And then, so I got connected through to Chris initially, actually through my co-founder,[00:01:26] What is Moon Lake?[00:01:26] swyx: what is Moon Lake? What, what is, actually, I'm also very curious about the name, but like why going into world models?[00:01:33] Fan-yun Sun: So I was working a lot. With actually Nvidia research during my PhD years on essentially generating interactive worlds to train reinforcement learning agents or embody EA agents.[00:01:44] And then there's two observations. One in academia and one in industry. An industry like folks at Nvidia are actually paying a lot of dollars to purchase these types of interactive worlds, whether it's for the sake of evaluation or training the robots, or policies or models. And [00:02:00] then, in academia, same thing is happening.[00:02:02] And more specifically, when I was actually working with Nvidia on the synthetic data foundation model training project, we were actually generating a lot of these synthetic data and showing that, hey, you can actually, these synthetic data are actually as useful as real world data when it comes to multimodal pre-training.[00:02:16] But then, like I said, there's a lot of dollars being paid out to like external vendors or, or like. Other folks to manually curate these types of data. It was very clear to us that, okay, on our way to, let's call it embody general intelligence models need to learn the consequences behind their actions, which means that they need interactive data and the demand for those types of data are growing exponentially.[00:02:38] But everybody's sort of thinking about it from a pure, say, video generation perspective or something else. But we feel like the true actually opportunity is actually building reasoning models that can do these things, like how humans do these things today. So that's a little bit on the genesis of Moon Lake, and I think the reason I got into world models was partly.[00:02:59] A philosophical [00:03:00] take of the on the world where I like, believe the simulation theory and stuff like that. But on the other, on the other hand, it's really just like, oh, like there's an opportunity there that I feel like nobody's doing it the way I think should be done.[00:03:10] Structure, Not Scale: The Vision[00:03:10] Chris Manning: I can say a little bit about that.[00:03:12] Yeah. So of the overall goal is the pursuit of artificial intelligence and most of my career has been doing that in the language space and that's been just extremely productive. As we all know, the story of the last few years, I don't have to tell about how much we've achieved with large language models, but, uh.[00:03:31] Although they have been extremely effective for ramping language and general intelligence, it's clearly not the whole world. There's this multimodal world of vision, sound, taste that you'd like to be dealing with more than just, language. And then the question is how to do it. And despite, a huge investment in the computer vision space, right, as the research field computer [00:04:00] vision has been for decades, far, far larger than the language space, actually.[00:04:05] I think it's fair. Say that, vision, understanding sort of stalled out, right? You got to object recognition and then progress just wasn't being made right? If you look at any of these, vision language models, it's the language that's doing 90% of the work and the vision barely works. And so there's really an interesting research question as to why that is and at heart, the ideas behind Moon Lake are an attempt to answer that, believing that there can be a really rich connection between a more symbolic layer of abstracted understanding of visual domains, which aren't in the mainstream vision models, which are still trying to operate on the surface level of pixels.[00:04:50] swyx: I think one of your blog posts, you put it as structure, not scale. Is that, a general thesis?[00:04:57] Chris Manning: Yeah. Well, scale is good too.[00:04:58] swyx: Yeah. Scale is good. Too[00:04:59] lot,[00:04:59] Chris Manning: [00:05:00] lots of data is good as well and scale, but nevertheless, you want the structure Yeah. To be able to much more efficiently learn.[00:05:07] swyx: Yeah. The other thing I really liked also is you put out an example of what your kind of reasoning traces look like.[00:05:12] Right. Which you would distill is the word that comes to mind. I don't even think that's a good, good description, but it would involve, for example, geometry, physics, affordances, symbolic logic, perceptual mappings, and what, what have you. But like that, that is the kind of example that involves, let's call it spatial reasoning, role model reasoning as as compared to normal LM reasoning.[00:05:35] Yeah.[00:05:36] Defining World Models vs Video Generation[00:05:36] Vibhu: But also like taking it a step back. So how do you guys define world models? A lot of people see okay, you can do diffusion, you can do video generation. But, you guys put out quite a few blog posts. You put out a essay recently, we can even pull it up about efficient world models. You have a pretty like structural definition here, but for the general audience that don't super follow the space, right.[00:05:55] What's, what's the difference in what we see from like a video generation model to [00:06:00] a world gen A simulator? How do you kind of paint that last[00:06:02] Chris Manning: year? Yeah, so I think this is actually a little bit subtle because, people look at these amazing generative AI video models, SAWA VO three, one of these things, and they think Genie, they think, oh, this is amazing.[00:06:17] This is we've solved understanding the world because you can produce these generative AI videos, but. The reality is that although the visuals do look fantastic, those visuals actually are accompanied by an understanding of the 3D world, understanding how objects can move, what the consequences of different actions are, and that's what's really needed for spatial intelligence.[00:06:49] So I mean, a term we sometimes use is that you need action condition, world models. That you only actually have a world model if you can predict, [00:07:00] given some action is taken, what is going to change in the world because of it. And in particular, that becomes hard over longer time scales. So if you're simply, trying to.[00:07:12] Predict the next video frame. That's not so difficult. But what you actually want to do is understand the consequences, likely consequences of actions minutes into the future. And to do that, you actually much more of an abstracted semantic model of the world.[00:07:32] The Bitter Lesson & Data Abstraction[00:07:32] swyx: Yeah, the question comes where you want to have more structure than is available in just predicting the next token.[00:07:41] And typically, well, let's, let's call it the experience of the last five years has been that is just washed away by scale, right? So what is the right middle ground here that, you don't ignore the bitter lesson, but also you. Can be more efficient than what we're doing today.[00:07:57] Chris Manning: One possibility [00:08:00] is, look, if we just collect masses and masses and masses and masses of video data, this problem will be solved.[00:08:11] Under certain assumptions that could be true, but there are sort of multiple avenues in which it could not be true. The first is what's really essential is understanding the, the consequences of actions producing an action conditioned world model. And if you are simply, collecting observational video data, which is the easy stuff to collect, when you're sort of mining online videos, you don't actually.[00:08:41] Know the actions that are being taken to see how the video is changing. And so if you are never collecting directly actions and you are having to try and infer them from what happened in the observed video, that's not impossible. But it's very [00:09:00] hard and it's not really established that you can get that to work at any scale yet.[00:09:05] And so there's a lot of premium on collecting action condition video data, which is part of why there's been a lot of interest in using simulation so that you can be collecting data where you do know the actions, which isn't quite limited supply, but there's also in the limit of as much data as you could possibly have.[00:09:28] Maybe the problem is eventually solvable, but. Even though we collect huge amounts of text data is always at a great level of abstraction, right? Language is a human designed, abstracted representation where there's meaning in each token and it's representing and abstraction of the world, right?[00:09:51] As soon as you are describing someone as a professor, and as soon as you are saying that they're condescending, right? These are very [00:10:00] abstracted descriptions of the world. It's not at what you're observing as pixel level, and to get to that kind of degree of abstraction, starting from pixels is orders and magnitude of extra data and processing.[00:10:14] And so, although, we absolutely want to exploit, get as much data as possible, use the bitter lesson. Nevertheless, if there are ways in which you can work with five orders of magnitude less data than people working purely from pixels, you're gonna be able to make a lot more progress, a lot more quickly.[00:10:34] And that's the bet here. And so you could just say that's only wanting to be able to, do it more efficiently, do it more quickly, do it more cheaply. But I think it's actually more than that, I think. One should be making the analogy to how human beings work at one level. You know? Yes, we have these high [00:11:00] resolution eyes and we can look and see a scene like a video, but all of the evidence from neuroscience and psychology is that most of what comes into people's eyes is never processed.[00:11:13] Right. That you are doing fairly fine ated processing of exactly what you're focusing on. But as soon as it's away from that of yeah, there's another guy over there that you've sort of only processing top down this very abstracted semantic description of the world around you. And so, that's what human beings are doing.[00:11:33] They're working with semantic abstractions and so. I think it is just the right representation. ‘cause we also have other goals we want to be able to do, real time worlds. So that means there's a limit to how much processing you can do and we want to do long-term planning and consistency. And again, that favors abstraction.[00:11:55] I mean, I guess there was actually a recent. Blog posts that [00:12:00] came out from our Friends of physical intelligence and, they were sort of heading in the same direction they were saying Oh, to the pay[00:12:06] swyx: pay model.[00:12:07] Chris Manning: Yeah. Yeah. To maintain a long term memory of what's happening in the world. So we can, do longer term we actually storing text of what is, been happening in the world.[00:12:19] Right. It is not such a successful strategy of trying to keep it all at a pixel level.[00:12:24] Vibhu: And yeah, I mean, you can see it in video models like that Temporal consistency. We're at a scale of train on, all the video data we have. We have it for maybe 30 seconds, a few minutes. That's not the same as a game state played for half an hour.[00:12:37] Right. I thought you guys break it down pretty well. You have a, you have a blog post about. Building multimodal worlds with an agent. I dunno if you guys wanna talk about this. This is one of the things I read, I[00:12:48] swyx: thought, yeah, it's the thing I talked about with the reasoning chain. Yeah.[00:12:51] Vibhu: So there's like different phases to this.[00:12:53] It seems like it's more of an agent, a scaffold, very different approach than just, type in a prompt and you, you don't have the same consistency. [00:13:00] It also, like, for people that are listening, I, I would highly recommend reading it. It breaks down the problem in a different light, right?[00:13:06] So like, what do you need to consider when you're talking about video, like world game models, right? How would, what do you need to consider? What are the factors? What are the elements? What's the state? So I don't know if you guys have stuff to talk about for this one.[00:13:19] Fan-yun Sun: Yeah. Actually, I wanted to add on a little bit Yeah.[00:13:22] On our previous point, which is just like, change topics so quickly. I, I do feel like sometimes people confuse like, oh, like we're taking an an, an method with abstraction. That means they don't believe in bitter lesson. Like that's just false, right? Like we are believed is a bitter lesson. But then I feel like the question that we always discuss is like, what is the right abstraction level today?[00:13:42] The analogy I like to make is like, let's just say we can encode and decode. Represent all of images, videos, audio and bytes. Then the most bitter lesson approached is to train a next byte prediction model as opposed to the next token prediction model where it's just like, okay, it's natively multimodal, can just, but it's like, yeah, like [00:14:00] to, to Chris's point, it's like the scale and computing you need to achieve that.[00:14:03] So that's why we always come back to like, okay, what is the most efficient way to do it? And reasoning models to the point of this blog post is a showcase of like, Hey, we're actually just like reasoning about the world and reasoning about. The aspects of the world that CAGR that matter for me to learn what I want to learn from this role model.[00:14:21] swyx: Yeah, it's like you're improving the en encoder of whatever you're, trying to model. And like a better representation would just represent the important things in less space. Yeah. Which would just be more efficient.[00:14:33] Fan-yun Sun: Yeah.[00:14:34] swyx: So yeah, I, I, I fully agree that it is not, antagonistic to, bitter lesson.[00:14:38] I do wanna wanna mention one more thing. Is there any philosophical differences with the JPA stuff that, Yun is working on? I gotta go there. You, you, you, you're, you're imagining like some latent abstraction. I'm like, okay, fine. Let's, let's talk about it, right? Like it's an elephant in the room.[00:14:52] Chris Manning: Yeah.[00:14:53] JEPA & Philosophical Differences with LeCun[00:14:53] Chris Manning: There are philosophical differences. Jan Lacoon is a dear friend of mine, but. [00:15:00] He has never appreciated the power of language in particular, or symbolic representations in general. Yarn is a very visual thinker. He always wants to claim that he thinks visually and there are no words, symbols, or math in his head.[00:15:21] Maybe that's true of yarn. It's certainly not the way I think. Um. But at any rate, the world according to yarn is the basic stuff of the, the world and of intelligence is visual and language is just. This low bit rate communication mechanism between humans and it doesn't have much other utility and it's far inferior to the high bit rate video, that comes into your eyes.[00:15:53] And I think he's fundamentally missing a number of important things [00:16:00] there. Think of this evolutionary argument looking at animals, right? That the closest analogies, the things with chimps, right? So chimpanzees, have fairly similar brains to human beings. They have great vision systems, they have great memory systems.[00:16:18] They've got, better memory than we do of short term memories. They can plan, they can build primitive tools that, humans. Massively ahead in what we understand about the world, what we can plan, what we can build. And essentially what took off for us was that humans managed to develop language and that gave a symbolic knowledge, representation, and reasoning level, which just, okay if this sort of vaulting of what could be done with the intelligence in brains.[00:16:59] So the [00:17:00] philosopher Dan de refers to language as a cognitive tool and argues that, humans unique among the creatures in the world have managed to build their own cognitive tools and language is the famous first example. But other things like, mathematics and programming languages are also cognitive tools.[00:17:21] They give you an ability to. Think in abstractions, in extended causal reasoning chains. And that allows you to do much more. And we use that for spatial representation and intelligence and planning and gameplay as well. So we believe, and this is, underlying the specific technologies that Moon Lake is making, that symbolic representations are powerful.[00:17:50] And you want to use that in your understanding of the visual world when you want a causal understanding, when you want to maintain long-term [00:18:00] consistency and prediction. And as I understand it, that's just not in ya Koon's worldview. So I think that's the fundamental philosophical difference. Then there's the specific model.[00:18:11] He's been advancing jpa, that's a reasonable. Research bed is a direction as to, to head for building out a model of the visual world. To my mind, it's sort of one reasonable research bed. It's not really established. It's the best one that everyone should be following,[00:18:32] swyx: at least developed at scale, at Meta.[00:18:34] But it's not just vision, right? Like, I mean, JPA is a, just joint admitting prediction can be applied to anything really. And people have done it. The argument is that there is a latent representation or that is probably more. Suited to the task, then why not let machines do it for us instead of predefining it at all?[00:18:50] And isn't something like a JPA shaped thing the right answer? And if not, why not?[00:18:55] Chris Manning: So I think there's a part of jpa that's right, which is [00:19:00] you do want to have a joint. Embedding that gives you a consistent model of the world. And Jan's argument is you can never get that from auto aggressive language models ‘cause they're sort of left to right churning out one token at a time.[00:19:22] I guess this is where we're the research arguments of the field, I'm not actually convinced that's right. ‘cause although the token production is this auto aggressive, process that's heading, left to right, I guess don't have to be left to right. But anyway, in sequence of tokens we could have right to left Arabic.[00:19:40] But although that's true, all of the weights of the model that are internal to the transformer, they are a joint model of the model's understanding of the world. And so I think you can think of the weights of the model as a form of. Joint representation, [00:20:00] and therefore it is plausible to think that could be the basis of a world model, which avoids, ya's objections.[00:20:10] swyx: I think I follow, and obviously that would touch on what Moon Lake eventually ends up doing as well. Right. Like, which it's hard to tell because you put out the end results, but we don't know the inputs that go into it. So it's, it's, that's something that we have to figure out over time.[00:20:25] Vibhu: Yeah. I mean, I guess this kind of breaks down some of the outputs. Do you wanna walk us through it?[00:20:31] Reasoning Traces & Interactive Worlds[00:20:31] Fan-yun Sun: Yeah. So this, this really just walks us through the reasoning traces of like, okay. So that just say, if we wanna build a world in this context, it's really just a game demo that, that shows the, the variety of interactions that this world model can build.[00:20:45] And yeah, it's really just a reasoning traces of like, okay it prompted to create a bowling game. Like how did it achieve what you saw? That level of causality, interaction and consistency, right? So yeah, this is almost just like a, an example of [00:21:00] like a reasoning traces. Very[00:21:01] swyx: detailed.[00:21:01] Fan-yun Sun: Yeah.[00:21:01] Vibhu: Very, very detailed.[00:21:02] You gotta you don't even realize it, right? Like when a video is generated, what happens when a ball strikes a pin, right? So first, like you, there's audio in that, like audio triggers happens, score increments, the world changes. Like pins have to start dropping. There's a timer that goes on. It's just like very similar to how now we're used to reasoning for language models.[00:21:20] There's a whole state of what happens. So geometry, physics, all this stuff. And then yeah, there's kind of that single prompt. So asset, ation all this stuff. It's like a, it's a nice view to see what's going on.[00:21:32] swyx: I think Sun is also too polite to point out that, both like Google's genie, demos as well as world Labs is marble, do not have interactive worlds.[00:21:41] Fan-yun Sun: That's the benefit of having a reasoning model, right? Like, because you can, you can say, oh, like maybe in this particular context, I want to learn how to bowl. And then you can say, okay, then what is it important when it comes to learning how to bowl? Okay, maybe it's like I need to understand the, the basic of like, physics and I want to throw it over [00:22:00] them.[00:22:00] I wanna know that when I, when it resets it's a new game. So I know that yeah, basically, you know to pick up the ball, you know that ball's gonna cause the pins to fall down. You know that what's important to this particular bowling game is to score and you know that the score corresponds to the number of pins that fell down.[00:22:19] So it's just like, if it's a model that sort of knows what it. Looks like, knows what a bowling game looks like, but doesn't actually allows you to practice over and over again and to understand that, oh, like what it takes to actually get a high score. Then it sort of doesn't actually allow you to learn what you set out to learn within the world model.[00:22:38] And I think this is really just one example of showing like the advantages of the approach that we're taking over most the, let's call it the zeitgeist, is today, when people talk about clinical role models,[00:22:51] Chris Manning: right? So it sort of seems like the question to ask when there's a world model is.[00:22:58] Can I not [00:23:00] only just wander around the world and look at the beautiful graphics, can I interact with the objects in the world and see the right consequences of actions?[00:23:11] Vibhu: And you also understand what the consequences would be if you do something right. So it's not just like, okay, there's one thing if I pick it up, something will happen.[00:23:19] But, there's 50 options and I know I can expect, I can infer what would happen if I do any of them. Right. So very different when you can actually see it play around with it.[00:23:28] swyx: There,[00:23:28] Beyond Unity: Cognitive Tools for World Building[00:23:31] swyx: there's two cheeky elements of that. I mean, the, the, the I guess, less ambitious one is, let's really establish for listeners, why is this fundamentally different than writing Unity code, right?[00:23:40] Like just creating a model to translate a prompt into Unity code[00:23:44] Fan-yun Sun: so there is an underlying physics engine. Yeah. In that sense, there's some overlapping things to Unity, but the way we think about it is like physics engine. Tools or code are cognitive tools like borrowing Chris's term, right? Like tools [00:24:00] that the model can employ as means to an end.[00:24:04] So today maybe you say, okay, in this particular context we care about physics, we care about the long-term causality consequences. Then yes, we deploy it, employ physics engine, and then maybe tomorrow we say, okay, we're we're training that. Just say drones where we only care about really fluid dynamics and the visual aspect of the world.[00:24:25] Then, then yeah, maybe we don't actually, the model actually doesn't have to use a physics engine. Or maybe it employs other types of representation or physics engine to achieve the task. So yes, writing code for Unity is sort of similar to a tool that our A model can employ, but our goal is for a model to take a representation conditioned reasoning.[00:24:46] Approach or process.[00:24:47] swyx: Yeah,[00:24:47] Fan-yun Sun: internally.[00:24:48] swyx: Yeah. Using these things as just like general two calls. Right. Which I think is very interesting. The other more ambitious one is, some kind of recursive element where it becomes multiplayer, right? Like here, there's a single player element, you're not [00:25:00] modeling any other people involved.[00:25:01] And that is a whole other thing.[00:25:04] Fan-yun Sun: But in fact, we can really do multiplayers. Oh yeah, okay. I haven't seen any double situations. So just actually just like prompt our, our model to say, Hey, like configure to multiplayer. Then it'll do like this. You'll be able to configure multiplayer[00:25:16] swyx: great[00:25:17] Fan-yun Sun: persistency database for you.[00:25:18] Easy. Yeah.[00:25:19] Vibhu: So what, what are like some of the current limitations in where we're at? So there's one approach of like, okay, scale up video predictors. Obviously there's data issues. With approaches like this, is it data constraints? What are like the next steps? Is it real time? Like, so there's one side of, write an agent to write Unity code, but okay, I want to be streaming a game real time.[00:25:38] I want to have characters being also like agent, but where, where do we kinda see this scaling up? Right?[00:25:44] Fan-yun Sun: Yeah, there's definitely a data constraint. Like the more data, the, the better. This reasoning model can almost basically act as humans to like operate a variety of tools and softwares to build whatever's necessary.[00:25:57] And then there's a sort [00:26:00] of fidelity constraint, which we're actually solving with another model, which we can talk about later. But it's like, it's not as easy to get to photorealism with the approach that we're taking. But we think there are better solutions to that, which is we can dive into later.[00:26:14] Later.[00:26:15] Vibhu: The one one thing you note here is it's a diffusion model, right? So there's, there's a few approaches, diffusion caution, splatting, yeah, so Ry diffusion model, you guys wanna[00:26:25] Fan-yun Sun: Yeah.[00:26:25] Vibhu: Introduce,[00:26:26] Fan-yun Sun: yeah, totally.[00:26:26] Rie: Neural Rendering & Skins for Worlds[00:26:26] Fan-yun Sun: So within our world modeling framework, we think there are two models that we train, right?[00:26:31] Like, there's the multimodal reasoning model that we just talked about that essentially handles. Mainly the, the causality, the persistency and logic determinism of the world. And then RY is our bet on saying, okay, like while all those model, can take care of all these things that we just talked about, it's limitations compared to existing, say, video models, is that it doesn't have as high of a pixel [00:27:00] ality right off the gate, right?[00:27:02] And EE is to say, Hey, we can actually take whatever persistent representation that we generate with our multimodal reasoning model and learn to restyle it into photo photorealistic styles or arbitrary styles you want. So this model is almost to say, Hey, I'm going to respect the persistency and interactivity of the world that you created, but my only job is to make sure that its pixel distribution is close to what we want.[00:27:29] Vibhu: Yeah.[00:27:30] swyx: Great example right there. You kept the KL divergence.[00:27:33] Fan-yun Sun: Oh. Where,[00:27:34] swyx: no, no. I mean this, this is a, a classic like, how you don't stray too far from the source material as you, you kept the kl, which is Oh yeah. Kind of cool. Yeah.[00:27:43] Fan-yun Sun: Yeah.[00:27:44] swyx: I mean, and the[00:27:44] Chris Manning: difference is, and I mean sun was pointing at this, where sort of saying it's in one way a more difficult path, but a better path that, typically the diffusion models are producing the whole scene and it looks lovely, [00:28:00] but there isn't spatial understanding behind it, which is allowing for the real time graphics gameplay, the spatial intelligence, understanding the consequences of worlds where this is, taking a path where it is assuming an abstracted semantic model of the world's state.[00:28:20] And then the diffusion model is then being used on top of that to produce the high quality graphics.[00:28:27] swyx: Is there an intended practical, or business use for this, or is it like a, like a demonstration of capabilities?[00:28:34] Fan-yun Sun: We actually believe that this is gonna be the next paradigm of rendering. So it's gonna replace how ra raizer, it's gonna replace DLSS today because it not only has these pixel prior that's learned from the world such that you can literally play any game in photo realistic styles, which is a lot of people's desire when they do GTA, right?[00:28:51] Like,[00:28:51] Vibhu: all the mods, all the people adding perfect lighting and all this.[00:28:54] swyx: So[00:28:54] Fan-yun Sun: skins[00:28:55] swyx: for worlds, let's call it[00:28:56] Fan-yun Sun: skins, let's call it skin for worlds. I,[00:28:58] Vibhu: it's also like, you can call it skin, you can call it [00:29:00] customization. You can play it how you want, right?[00:29:01] Fan-yun Sun: Yeah, exactly. And I think another thing that we really pointed out specific specifically in this blog is the programmability of it, right?[00:29:09] So what this means is that this render historically render is always a derivative of the game state, right? You're saying, oh, here's the game state, I'm rendering out a frame. But here I'm saying actually this render can be part of the gameplay loop. I can say something along the lines of, if upon getting 10.[00:29:26] Apples, I'm gonna, my weapon of choice, my bullet's gonna turn into apples. And that's, that's possible because we can say, we can basically dynamically have certain game state trigger the, the preconditions to the render such that the rendering is now part of the game loop too. One thing is to just say, okay, it's, it's, it's the appearance.[00:29:47] But the second thing is also to say there's these novel interactions that are possible because this render now has actually priors of the world.[00:29:57] swyx: It is up to the artist to figure out what to do with it.[00:29:59] Fan-yun Sun: It [00:30:00] is up to the creators. Yes.[00:30:01] swyx: Yeah.[00:30:01] Fan-yun Sun: And I also think that's actually another big argument that we're making and the reason that we're picking, taking the bet we're baking is that a lot of the times, whether it's for embody AI gaming, like you want a layer where human can inject their intentions.[00:30:15] So, for example, let's just say in the context of gaming, it's obviously like my creative intent, but maybe in the context of embodied ai, it's like, oh, like I take this foundational policy and I want to actually fine tune it to deploy in my house. So you want to almost say, inject, have a layer where human can say, oh, here's the distribution of things I want to create to achieve my goal.[00:30:35] And I think 3D graphics as it as it is today, is basic, the layer for people to say, Hey, what do I care about in this world? And it allows, basically human intent to be expressed in these worlds much more explicitly and distributionally as opposed to just saying, Hey, I'm gonna generate like, arbitrary.[00:30:54] And it's like just prompts,[00:30:55] swyx: it's one of those things where like, I think you, you're going to build up a series of models, right? [00:31:00] This is just one of, this is probably like the highest utility or heaviest, frequency one, I don't dunno what to call this. Where like you Yeah. You can immediately drop this in on any game and you don't need anything else that.[00:31:10] That you guys do. But, I, I could see, I could see that I think the, the human intent is something that people are not even used to because we're so used to static worlds or, worlds that just don't react, or, I don't know. It's, it, you're kind of blowing my mind right now with like, I'm, I wonder if you've talked to people at GDC Hmm.[00:31:27] And what are they gonna do with it?[00:31:30] Fan-yun Sun: Yeah. Now the stance that we take on this front is like, we're not gonna be more creative than our users to ship[00:31:35] swyx: it out.[00:31:35] Fan-yun Sun: Yeah. But we wanna make sure that we're building things in a way that really allows them to express their intent.[00:31:41] swyx: The thing that you said about, here's the distribution that I want.[00:31:45] I think text may be too low of a bandwidth to. To really demonstrate, because I, I, there, I'm, I'm probably just gonna want to drop in a bunch of, reference assets and then you can figure it out from[00:31:58] Vibhu: there. But you probably wanna do a, a mixture of [00:32:00] both, right? Like you throw in a few images. I wanted this style.[00:32:02] Yeah. I want it to look like this. So it, it's, it's a mixture, right?[00:32:05] Chris Manning: I, I think it's a mixture. I mean, yeah, I mean there's clearly a visual component of this, and it's not that, everything can be text. ‘cause of course you want to give a visual look, but there's also a massive amount of giving the overall picture of the look of the world and the behavior of things that you can express in a few words of text.[00:32:32] And it be very time consuming and difficult to do via visual means. So I think, yeah, you want a combination of both.[00:32:40] Evaluating World Models[00:32:40] Vibhu: So one question I kind of have is, how do we go about evaluating world models? So like, there's many axes, right? One is like, okay. I have preferences. How well do we adhere to prompts? One is the simulation.[00:32:50] One is like do things, is there core logic that's broken? So coming from we know how to evaluate diffusion, there's fidelity, there's [00:33:00] stuff like that. But what are some of the challenges that most people probably aren't thinking about?[00:33:04] Fan-yun Sun: Yeah, I think this is like a great question and probably one of the hardest questions in role models because like, I think it always comes back to what are you building this role model for?[00:33:13] And depending on your end goal and purpose, the evaluation should defer. So in the context of games, then the most direct way of measuring is how much behind are people actually spending in this world that you create? And if your goal is to say, for example, in the context that we just talked about, like, hey, deploying, deploying action in body, a agent, then your, your end.[00:33:33] Metric is then, okay, after training in these worlds that you generate how robust it is to when you actually deploy to the target environment. But then, it's, it's hard to measure these end metrics. So today people have like these proxy metrics that I call that basically try to measure what we really care about, which is the end metrics, but then frankly it's different for every use case.[00:33:57] Yeah,[00:33:57] Vibhu: which seems like quite a challenge, right? Like in [00:34:00] in language models or video models. Image models, your benchmarks are proxies, right? People aren't actually asking instruction, following tool use questions. They're proxies of how well it will do downstream. But for this, so like, should teams, should companies have their own individual benchmarks outside of games?[00:34:16] If you think of stuff like, okay, video production, movies, stuff like that, that also want to use world models. Should, should they sort of internalize like. Their own proxy. Is this something you guys do? Where, where does that connect[00:34:28] Chris Manning: go? Yeah, I think this whole space is extremely difficult as things are emerging now.[00:34:35] And I mean, it's not only for world models, I think it's for everything including text-based models, right? ‘cause in the early days it seemed very easy to have good benchmarks ‘cause we could do things like question answering benchmarks and could you answer the question based on these documents and the various other kinds of, do pieces of logical reasoning or math.[00:34:58] But again, these are sort of. [00:35:00] And there were sort of visual equivalents of things like object recognition, right? For these small component tasks. These days so much of what people are wanting to do also with language models is nothing like that, right? You're wanting to, have an interaction with the language model and get some recommendations about which backpack would be best for you for your trip in Europe next month.[00:35:25] And it's not the same kind of thing, right? And it's not so easy to come up with a benchmark as to does this large language model give you an effective interaction for guiding you in a good way for shopping, right? So, and it's the same problem with these world models. So if we take the game design case, well success is that a game designer can.[00:35:57] Produce what they are [00:36:00] imagining in a reasonable amount of time. And that's really the kind of macro task. That's a very hard thing to turn into a benchmark and I think a lot of this is actually going to turn into people walking, walking with their feet. Right? I mean, I guess that's what's happening, at the large language model level, right?[00:36:23] When people are choosing to use, GPT five or Gemini or clawed, individuals are trying out these different models and deciding, oh, I like the kind of answers that GT five gives me, or no, I feel like I get more accurate detail from Claude, right?[00:36:43] Vibhu: It's a lot of[00:36:43] Chris Manning: vitech, a lot of people just using it.[00:36:45] It's vibe checking. I realize that, but it's actually whether. People feel it's giving them utility in what they want. Right.[00:36:52] Vibhu: And the the interesting thing there is like a lot of people prefer the visual, right? This looks pretty, which is not the objective of what this is [00:37:00] for, right? It's if a, if a game designer is working on something, they care about the game engine, right?[00:37:04] The state, it's, it can look whatever. You can fix that up later. Or you can have a really good game state and you can quickly edit it to 20. 20 different versions, like Keep State,[00:37:14] Chris Manning: right?[00:37:14] Vibhu: So[00:37:14] Chris Manning: that's a really important distinction, for and for speaking to Moon Lake strength, right? So, yeah, great visuals are lovely to look at for a few seconds, but gains are really all about the concept, the game play.[00:37:33] And a lot of the time that doesn't actually even require great visuals. I mean, there are just lots of very successful games which have relatively primitive visuals, and there are other games where people have spent millions producing photo realistic, visuals, and the game sucks, right? So, keeping those two axes apart is really important in thinking about what's important in a [00:38:00] world model for different uses.[00:38:02] swyx: This conversation is reminding me of some game review and fiction discussions I've, had in my sort of non-AI related life. Some, for some people might know Brandon Sanderson, who's a very famous, fiction author, had, is is a big game reviewer. And he, he's a big fan of video games where you change one thing about a normal what you might assume about, about the world.[00:38:22] For example, Baba is you, I don't know if you might have come across that, where like the rules change as you play the game. And also like where, you can do things like reverse time selectively or like change gravity selectively. And I think this is also reminds, reminds me of other kinds of world models that are created by authors.[00:38:38] Where Ted Chang is, is my typical example where he'll take the world that, you know today, but change one thing about it and, but then create a consistent world based on that. Which is long-winded answer of me to, of. For me to say is it's it easy to create alternative roles that don't exist, but you change one thing and then let's, let's run a whole bunch of people through it to see if it works.[00:38:58] Chris Manning: My first dance will [00:39:00] be, that seems a lot easier and more conceivable to do using Techn technology like Moon Lakes than with some of the other world models out there, where the sun can actually make it happen. I'll let him give a second answer.[00:39:15] swyx: If I guess for you, you're constrained by the game engine tool, right?[00:39:18] Like at the end of the day, that's the, that's the thought, partner that you have. If I ask for something where like, if it never is allowed to reverse time or if gravity only ever works one way, then well that's it. But sometimes gravity might change,[00:39:33] Fan-yun Sun: but it's a lot easier to change with code as opposed to a model that is learned primarily on data of.[00:39:42] Real world and virtual worlds that are, I guess, like for example, junior, like there's actually trained on a lot of real world data and a lot of virtual gaming data, and it's hard to say maybe it's easier to say, okay, I wanna change the visuals in like the time period of, of the world. Like, you can't change gravity, for [00:40:00] example.[00:40:00] Vibhu: I feel like you can to light bounds, right? Everything comes down to like, code is a better way to execute it, but the models aren't that diverse and creative, right? You can say, okay, make gravity slower. It can do that, but it's limited to your representation of how you text it out, right? Like they're, they're only gonna do a few iterations, whereas programmatically, if there's a game engine under the hood, you can kind of go wild, right?[00:40:22] So one of the, I dunno, one of the limitations of most models is that they're very overtrained to one style. Right. And extracting diversity is pretty difficult. At least that's something we've seen.[00:40:35] Fan-yun Sun: I mean, are there examples you have in mind where you Existing models? Yeah. Like it would be easier to do that's not using code.[00:40:43] Certain types of creative intent or like transition state transitions,[00:40:47] swyx: Clipping, other models, other wo models are very good at clipping through things. Clipping my, my, my legs clipping through a rock because it's, it's just, it's just bad. [00:41:00] Like, you would have to struggle very hard with your stuff to actually make that happen.[00:41:04] Which I think is maybe a topic that you actually prepared on, Gian Splatting versus, the other stuff.[00:41:09] Vibhu: Yeah. Yeah. It's just for those not super familiar, right? There's a, there's gian splatting, there is diffusion. Like what works, what scales up. I feel like in February when Soro one came out the blog post was literally titled like,[00:41:21] swyx: you bring it up.[00:41:22] You never know.[00:41:23] Vibhu: World, world, video generation models are world simulators. It's super bitter lesson pilled. Yeah, emer, a lot of it is emergence, right? So, not to go through their blog post, basically their whole thing was as you scale up all this consistency, all this stuff just kind of solves, it's a very simple premise, right?[00:41:41] They just scaled up, diffusion, and from there, this is, this is Feb 2024, how much can we, it's already been two years, which is basically five years. How much more in AI time do we need to just scale up or, or do we hit a data cap? But I think we already talked about this a lot, right? Like this is back to the beginning discussion of what's [00:42:00] appropriate for the time.[00:42:01] And that seems like your approach, right?[00:42:03] Fan-yun Sun: Yeah. The point I'm trying to make is that they're very many, many different types of world simulators and like having a world simulator that can produce pixel coherency is very, very useful for games and, marketing and all these things, but it's not as useful as people think when it comes to causal reasoning.[00:42:25] When it comes to embodied ai. Yeah, like it this title is true. We're not saying that it's, it's like, not a great world simulator, but actually in the blog that we, we, we, we wrote, the bet is more so that there are gonna be disproportionately large share of value of real world tasks or, and virtual tasks where high resolution pixel fidelity is not needed.[00:42:47] Yes. Video models have their values.[00:42:50] swyx: Yeah. This is at the absolute limit of my physics understanding, but one example that comes to mind is basically having to solve like ba the equivalent of a three [00:43:00] body problem in a deterministic Well, where the video models, which is approximated good enough. Yeah.[00:43:08] Right. Like there's, there's some point at which your approach kind of runs into like the you now have to simulate the world. Please, thank you very much. And like you're trying to do that, but only to the extent that the game engine lets you and like game engines cannot do some things.[00:43:23] Fan-yun Sun: Yeah, no, I mean, I think the interesting or more technical question here actually is where do you draw the boundary between.[00:43:32] What's handled with, let's say, diffusion prior and what, when? What's handled with symbolic priors?[00:43:38] swyx: Yes.[00:43:38] Fan-yun Sun: Okay.[00:43:38] swyx: Okay.[00:43:39] Fan-yun Sun: Right. Let's go there. Because this, this boundary can actually be fluid. Like I think like maybe what you're trying to get at is like, okay, people are saying pixel prior, everything. But what we're saying is, okay, there's a boundary that we draw where this is where we think provides the most economical value for the domains and things that we care about today.[00:43:59] [00:44:00] And I actually do think, and it's something that we do internally all the time, which is like, okay, given new equations that we learn or new elements of the world and that we, we learn, or maybe some other knowledge that we acquire in the process of developing the models. Should we still be maintaining this line exactly as it is today?[00:44:22] Or should we move it a little bit left or a little bit right? Right. Like sometimes that we realize that, oh, like maybe customers or, or folks like want certain things that are better handled with preop pryor as opposed to, symbolic prior than,[00:44:34] swyx: yeah. Your, your skin thing is a, is a example moving it, right.[00:44:37] Yeah.[00:44:37] Or left. Yeah,[00:44:37] Fan-yun Sun: exactly.[00:44:38] swyx: I dunno what the, the left right is.[00:44:39] Fan-yun Sun: Yeah, yeah, yeah. No the, the model.[00:44:42] swyx: Yes.[00:44:42] Fan-yun Sun: Actually we have a few iterations of them. They're actually at slightly different[00:44:45] swyx: I know boundaries. You should, you should do that. That's a cool dimension to show.[00:44:49] Fan-yun Sun: Yeah.[00:44:50] swyx: Is quantum mechanics the diffusion prior of our world?[00:44:55] Right. It's like that's the boundary of classical mechanics versus quantum. Right? Like, that's it. At one [00:45:00] point God plays dice and the other point doesn't.[00:45:02] Fan-yun Sun: I dunno if Chris, you wanna say it, but I think, I think generally I feel like physics is better with symbol P priors.[00:45:08] Chris Manning: Even quantum physics.[00:45:09] Fan-yun Sun: Even quantum physics.[00:45:11] swyx: Yeah. This is starts against to, MLST territory is, is what I call it, where, he, he likes to get philosophical. We, we we're quite friendly.[00:45:18] Vibhu: I mean, we need to get, we need to get singularity. I heard some of that.[00:45:23] swyx: No, no, I think that is actually really helpful and man, I just want you to productize this like, as a product guy, I'm just like, oh, also[00:45:32] Vibhu: a gamer, I[00:45:33] swyx: wanna, it's like a researcher, like, it's cool.[00:45:35] Like this is a, the theoretical, like you have a very good, I don't know, like the way of thinking about these things, but I just wanna see you like, express it. I do think like your fundamentally things when, when you leave open new tools, like, okay, use, use human intent to incorporate it into how you render.[00:45:52] Artists are gonna have to take like two to three years to figure out what to do with this. And you just don't know.[00:45:57] Chris Manning: Right. But I think, this is, [00:46:00] gives a much more approachable and controllable world for the society, which is the beauty, the beauty of, NLP, that that will enable it to be adopted and used.[00:46:10] And we are very hopeful about that. Yeah,[00:46:13] Fan-yun Sun: yeah. Yeah. I mean, we are, we are very focused actually on commercialization in the sense that like we do, we do really believe in the data flywheel app approach. Yeah. Where, we put this in the hands of the creators and the users and then they will teach us when, what capability our model should improve.[00:46:27] And that's why we are, we are actually, like products and beta[00:46:31] swyx: Yeah. Focusing on gaming. What, what's like the adjacent thing to gaming[00:46:34] Fan-yun Sun: embody adjacent, basically. So maybe we can, we can I'll maybe start with where we see the platform in three years. Yeah. Which is like, okay. The users would tell us what they want to achieve.[00:46:45] The end goal could be, Hey, I just, I wanna make something to teach my kids the value of humility. Or it could be, Hey, I wanna fine tune my, drones to be really good at rescue situations. I could be vacuum robots. I want to like train [00:47:00] my manipulation or like vacuum robot to be very robust to my office, right?[00:47:04] But it's like, whatever it is, scenario robust to[00:47:06] swyx: my office[00:47:07] Fan-yun Sun: or like navigate very robustly in my office. But then it's like, whatever end goal that you want, our role model will say, okay, given what you want to achieve, let me generate a distribution of environments such that I can train and evaluate whatever it is you want.[00:47:24] Yeah. Right. Maybe for the purpose of games, it's just the end simulation and that's the end product for certain policies. It's like I can train it within these environments and then help you see where your policy is failing or not. Yeah. And then, so I think,[00:47:37] swyx: so in that case, much more of a training tool.[00:47:40] Than in other training[00:47:41] Vibhu: evaluation? Both. Right?[00:47:43] swyx: Sure. Same. Same thing.[00:47:43] Fan-yun Sun: Yeah, same thing. I think it's just this role model that allows people to train any policy that can act in any multimodal environments.[00:47:51] swyx: Would it be harder to reward hack? Is there an angle here where it is harder to reward hack? Like it's just, I'll just put it generally because I think that's a, that's obviously a key [00:48:00] problem that a lot of people face when in training agents in these environments, and I don't know, can you solve it?[00:48:07] Chris Manning: I think not necessarily. To the extent that there's a mis specified reward that. It seems like it could be hacked in a more symbolic world or in a more pixel based world. I dunno if Sun's got any thoughts, but I don't think that's really being solved.[00:48:26] swyx: The other thing that comes to mind is just you could just build a better sawa as a video generator model, right?[00:48:31] Because then you, you would move the diffusion, side a bit more further to the right. I think if I got the directionality correct. And that's it.[00:48:40] Vibhu: It's better on domains, right? Like on consistency over now, or for sure it exists versus something doesn't, right.[00:48:46] Chris Manning: So[00:48:46] swyx: yeah. Yeah. Is[00:48:49] Vibhu: is a question more like, like[00:48:51] swyx: I'm just riffing on like, how do you, what can you build, you know?[00:48:54] Oh, with the stuff that you have. I do think that the minor, the academic does go immediately to training [00:49:00] and in eval evaluation, but like art tends to take unusual directions. Like you might end up,[00:49:06] Chris Manning: okay. Yeah. But the question is, can you use this piece of software to develop compelling gameplay and. I don't think you can take SOAR and produce compelling gameplay, right?[00:49:19] If you want to have a world that you can wander around in a bit, you are good. But what are your abilities to have gameplay mechanics implemented the way you'd like them to be and to have things stay, with the long-term history of your gameplay that influences future actions. I think there's just nothing there for that.[00:49:39] swyx: Yeah, I do tend to agree. I, I'm just trying to sort of test the boundaries. I would also make the observation that as AAA games industry has developed the line between what is a movie and what is a game has blurred. And you, you, you do end up basically producing a two hour movie as part of your game.[00:49:57] Fan-yun Sun: No, honestly, there, there's so many actually [00:50:00] applications in adjacent markets that our world model can go into. Yeah. But yeah, it, it's sort of fun to riff, riff on. Although on the execution side, we we, we need to stay focused with like, okay, what are the capabilities we want to unlock over time?[00:50:11] And there's a roadmap for that. But yeah, if we're just riffing on sort of like the possibilities, I feel like, whether it's endless Yeah, it's like classic[00:50:18] swyx: and the embedding for a possibility and endless in my mind, it's very close. Yeah. I do wanna, focus on one, like weird choice. I, I don't know if it's weird.[00:50:28] Maybe I'm, I got something here. Audio, right? You could have just said no audio And audio in my mind has a lot of recursion, whereas in video you can just do recasting and that's much computationally much simpler. Audio just seems way harder. I don't know if you wanna just comment on just the special 3D audio.[00:50:46] Problem. Did you really have to do it? I guess you do to be immersive, but like a lot of people do treat it as like, well, you just stick a, a tt S model on top of[00:50:57] Vibhu: Well, there's a lot more to game audio than [00:51:00] just speech. Right. It's not just[00:51:01] swyx: tts. Yeah. Tts. S Fxt, GM Spatial in my mind Echoes[00:51:06] Chris Manning: Yeah.[00:51:06] swyx: And reflections.[00:51:07] And I, I don't even know what's, what else? I don't know what, what other problems in this space.[00:51:13] Fan-yun Sun: Yeah, I think this point like the, it's sort of a more, more pointing to the benefits of using an game engine as a tool that's available to the model, right? Because like part of the spatial audio is from the code that is underlying the simulation.[00:51:32] And while we do give our model access to other types of audio models as. Tools.[00:51:39] swyx: None of them would be spatial, I think.[00:51:41] Fan-yun Sun: But that's exactly sort of more 0.2. We're giving our model an abstraction or a suite of tools such that it's able to achieve that. And you can argue that sort of spatial is like a, like a emergence out of the, the tools that we and abstraction that we provide to the agents.[00:51:59] And I think that's the beauty of [00:52:00] this, this, this approach is like there's a lot of things kind of like how human's built technology and they're like Lego blocks that build on top of each other. And it's the same thing here. There's gonna be things that sort of just sort of emerges from being able to put these things together in like combinatorially interesting ways,[00:52:14] Chris Manning: right?[00:52:15] So this integrated audio model exploits the understanding and semantics of the Moon Lake world, right? And whereas in general for the Gen AI video models. There's no actual integration across to audio at all, right? That someone might stick some music or stick a soundscape or whatever else on top of their video.[00:52:44] So it's not a silent video, but they're in no way connected into a consistent world model. And there's nothing that's okay. An action is happening in the video. Therefore there should be a sound that's [00:53:00] coming from this part of the visual field.[00:53:03] swyx: Yeah.[00:53:03] Vibhu: Is that different than Sora too? Does it not have audio?[00:53:06] Not to say it's not like[00:53:08] swyx: amazing[00:53:08] Vibhu: isn't a spatial[00:53:09] swyx: audio.[00:53:09] Vibhu: It doesn't,[00:53:10] swyx: no. I've played around it with it enough. It just sounds like someone put an 11 laps voice on top of it and just tried to do the lip sync.[00:53:18] Vibhu: Oh, yeah. I've seen, okay. Generate a dog at the beach and reactions to big wave and move[00:53:23] swyx: around.[00:53:23] It's definitely like, so have the dog, have the dog move away from camera and see if the, the song goes down. It doesn't. ‘Cause they don't have facial audio.[00:53:32] Fan-yun Sun: We do want to basically like we, our moral model, like the one we're training is basically towards the goal of having a combined latent representation across all these different modalities.[00:53:42] Right? Such that it can like reason across these different modalities. So for example, if I close my eyes and like you play a video, you play a sound of like a car skidding away from me. I almost can like, visually extrapolate that trajectory in my mind. And I think that type of capability, we want our model to be able to reason, right?[00:53:59] And that's the reason that [00:54:00] we're sort of taking this multimodal reasoning approach. It's like we want this combine late in space that can[00:54:05] swyx: Yeah. Oh, you said late in space. We like that. Here we have to play the, the bell Every time that someone says late in space, no, you gotta train daredevil one. Where you, you, you, it's only audio, but you have to work out.[00:54:15] Where everything is.[00:54:19] Cool. I I think that that was, that was about it for our Moon Lake coverage. I do think that we have like a couple of, Chris Madden questions on, on IR and, just any, any other sort of attention topics or n NLP topics.[00:54:31] Vibhu: Okay.[00:54:31] swyx: Go ahead.[00:54:32] Chris Manning's Journey: From NLP to World Models[00:54:32] Vibhu: Well, no, I mean, yeah, it's just fun. We talked a bit about how you guys met, but you basically, you, you were like the godfather of NLP per se, right?[00:54:39] You spent the whole career from early embeddings, early early attention. You did 2015 attention for machine translation, everything. You, you had information retrieval, so RAG before rag, we just wanna shout that out and admire a lot of that. Right? So what prompted the switch over to world models?[00:54:56] How, how'd all that come about?[00:54:58] Chris Manning: To some answer it [00:55:00] is, the enthusiasms and creativity of students, but there's a bit of a history there, right? So, yeah. So clearly most of my career has been doing stuff with language and how I got into research was thinking, ah, this is just so amazing how humans can produce speech and understand each other in real time.[00:55:21] And somehow they managed to learn languages from their kids. How could this possibly happen? And so, yeah, starting off I was very focused on language, but as it sort of got into the 2000 and tens, I started, going, I'd been working on question answering, and then I started to get, interest in visual question answering.[00:55:42] And that was an area where it was very noticeable. That the visual understanding was bad. Right. These were the days when like, it sort of seemed like there's almost no visual [00:56:00] understanding. You were just getting answers that came from priors. So, if you asked how many people are sitting at the table, it'd always answer two regardless of how many, how many people you could see in the picture.[00:56:11] And so it seemed like, oh, these models actually aren't able to get semantic information outta

La Republica - Sin guion
30.03 Entrevista a Fernanda Sota, Carlos Yalta y Edgar Rivadeneyra | RMP #SinGuionElectoral

La Republica - Sin guion

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 30, 2026 0:03


Toy Power Podcast
#436: Defenders! Archives! Travels!

Toy Power Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 28, 2026 77:25


Ben is still recovering so the three Musketeers are at it again. Scot takes us on a trip across the galaxy and comic book history as we look at what might just be the first ever comic book crossover super team. Avengers? Justice League? Never heard of em. Make mine: Defenders of the Earth. These guys are so old school, Scot has to explain where the term "Pulp" Action Heroes comes from! Going a little less further back in time, Trent debuts a new segment called "From the Archives" where we delve into the mind of 1990s Toyfare Magazine writers to see just what they were smoking. And much like the 90s itself, things are a little, funky. We also preview another new segment and some of our upcoming international travels! It's all happening! Support the show: http://patreon.com/toypowerpodcastSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

movies australia earth film news star wars travel masters marvel dc batman modern spider man aliens video games superman alien joker wrestling iron man nerds wwe star trek lego nintendo mask avengers playstation kickstarter comics xbox supernatural foot collection geeks godzilla mandalorian pop culture countdown xmen deadpool endgame aussie wolverines justice league predator toys terminator mortal kombat jedi jurassic park defenders vintage blade transformers vehicles comic books superheroes archives sf warner san diego comic con spider verse skywalker aquaman reaction collecting invincible power rangers gremlins conan robocop sega street fighter animal crossing rambo wwf tmnt karate kid dceu mk vader mando scorpion hasbro mattel south australia golden girls he man wb dreamworks centurion spawn bumblebee scot gi joe ninja turtles collectors bucky thundercats bluey masters of the universe macgyver voltron visionaries kenner jem toxic avenger idw my little pony g1 shredder she ra action figures universal monsters optimus prime mcfarlane sub zero skeletor megatron ryu inspector gadget musketeers sota motu duke nukem remco casey jones lego masters toy fair robotech neca tonka toys that made us boss fight bronies savage worlds pop culture podcasts playmates street sharks marvel legends micronauts hot toys super7 mmpr australian podcasts autobot decepticon toxie a-team takara battle beast starcom coleco zoids bravestarr toxic crusaders toy collecting galoob dino riders vintage toys toybiz bucky o'hare battle beasts defenders of the earth mythic legions skeleton warriors mafex nytf plastic crack motuc action figure adventure
Ham Radio Workbench Podcast
HRWB 259 - Making CW Keys with Aaron from Modern Morse

Ham Radio Workbench Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 24, 2026 160:08


In this episode we meet Aaron, AE0LZ, owner of Modern Morse, a manufacturer of portable morse code keys.  Aaron is professional mechanical design, precision CNC programming and machining, and a very creative guy.  Modern Morse keys are popular for POTA, SOTA, travel and anytime you want a portable high quality CW key.  Aaron shares his journey through the design and manufacturing process for making  his keys.  

Toy Power Podcast
#435: "Light" News week + Radical Finale!

Toy Power Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 22, 2026 85:34


For a week when there "wasn't much going on", there's still plenty to talk about! Mattel seem to have worked out the livestream formula. Frank is possibly out on one line of Turtles - but in deep trouble with another! Todd does Todd things while Gatchaman makes some waves. Is Scot on the hook for a second Hot Toys figure? We then recap the grand finale of our good friends at Radical Rewind who go out on possibily the best sequel of all Time. Support the show: http://patreon.com/toypowerpodcastSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

AB4WS Radio Show
AB4WS RADIO SHOW Week of March 20, 2026

AB4WS Radio Show

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 18, 2026 14:44


Amateur Radio News and Information in the Greater Cincinnati, Tri-State, Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana Areas for the Week of March 20, 2026.This weeks topics include:2026 Hamvention AwardsXenia MarathonHam Radio Class630 MetersKY Severe Weather NetFlying PigAmerica 250NKARC BreakfastHappy 90th Birthday KB9DDO PartyARETNKY - KY6ET Meeting and PresentationKY SOTA CampoutNWS Weather Spotter Training ClassRepeater ListHamfestsExams

Toy Power Podcast
#434: THE TEAM of Heroic Large Toys!

Toy Power Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 14, 2026 62:52


This Week on the Toy Power Podcast; we get the ball rolling with another Classic Round of The Team. This episode focusing on two unique 80's Toy Properties that are much larger than majority of your other Action-Figures in your ToyBox. Centurions & Bravestarr; join forces to build the Ultimate Good-Guys Crew! Consisting of the stand-out Characters that fit the criteria of: Leader, Muscle, Specialist & Wheelman. Plus an Iconic Vehicle they can get around in! (Spoiler alert, there aren't many characters to pull from this round, so be ready for some clear winners & some heated debate too! Then in our second segment for the episode; we lean on another staple classic topic: Show & Tell. With a VERY mixed bag of Toys to chat towards, its an overall fun round table discussion around what each of us have brought in; as well as why each item is special in it's own right. Enjoy! Support the show: http://patreon.com/toypowerpodcastSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

movies australia spoilers film news star wars masters marvel leader dc batman team modern spider man aliens video games superman alien joker wrestling iron man nerds wwe star trek lego nintendo large mask avengers playstation kickstarter comics xbox supernatural foot collection geeks godzilla mandalorian pop culture countdown xmen deadpool characters endgame aussie wolverines justice league predator toys terminator mortal kombat jedi jurassic park muscle specialist vintage blade transformers vehicles comic books superheroes sf warner san diego comic con spider verse skywalker aquaman reaction collecting invincible power rangers gremlins conan robocop sega street fighter animal crossing rambo wwf tmnt karate kid dceu mk vader mando scorpion hasbro mattel south australia golden girls he man wb heroic dreamworks centurion spawn bumblebee gi joe ninja turtles collectors bucky thundercats bluey masters of the universe macgyver voltron visionaries kenner jem toxic avenger idw my little pony g1 shredder she ra action figures universal monsters optimus prime mcfarlane sub zero skeletor megatron ryu inspector gadget sota motu duke nukem remco toy box casey jones lego masters toy fair robotech neca consisting tonka toys that made us boss fight bronies savage worlds pop culture podcasts playmates street sharks marvel legends micronauts hot toys super7 mmpr australian podcasts autobot decepticon toxie a-team takara battle beast starcom wheelman coleco zoids bravestarr toxic crusaders toy collecting galoob dino riders vintage toys toybiz bucky o'hare battle beasts defenders of the earth mythic legions skeleton warriors mafex nytf plastic crack motuc action figure adventure toy power podcast
Ham Radio 2.0
E1708: You've Never Seen a Hexbeam Like THIS!

Ham Radio 2.0

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 13, 2026 3:18 Transcription Available


Unsupervised Learning
Why I Believe in SOTA Models Over Custom Ones

Unsupervised Learning

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 11, 2026 1:48 Transcription Available


I think the future is cheaper and Open Source SOTA models combined with context, not custom, narrow models.Become a Member: https://danielmiessler.com/upgradeSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

AB4WS Radio Show
AB4WS RADIO SHOW Week of March 13, 2026

AB4WS Radio Show

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 11, 2026 15:59


Amateur Radio News and Information in the Greater Cincinnati, Tri-State, Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana Areas for the Week of March 13, 2026.This weeks topics include:Scouts and Ham Radioget your license with this Ham radio Instruction classKy. Severe Storm Weather NetFlying PigGrant ARC Officers for 2026America 250Dayton Bus Trip for HamventionBrunch BunchNKARC MeetingNKARC BreakfastKB9DDO 90th Birthday BashARETNKY - KY6ET Meeting and PresentaitonKY SOTA CampoutNWS Weather Spotter Training ClassRepeater ListHighland County Repeater ChangeHamfestsExams

Toy Power Podcast
#433: Mixed Bag of Segments!

Toy Power Podcast

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 7, 2026 73:28


This Week on the Toy Power Podcast; we kick off with some rather sad News, that's hits very close to the Aussie Community, as we morn the loss of Jamie Dunn; the Voice & puppeteer of Agro. A staple of Australian programs & so many laughs! Then we bounce around with other News & Announcements, with everything from Thunder Cats, as well as a few Masters Of The Universe Reveals too. Mondo have another pair of Squads, this time from DC Comics & Lego create a damn near perfect Racecar. Plus Splinter from Mezco, is phenomenal - made more special with the amount of things he comes with. Then we check our Mail-Boxes & celebrate some of our Latest Scores! Samurai Pizza Cats, Mythic Legions Snakes & a slew of SilverHawks are among the praises! Then a round table chat towards 'State Of The Nation.' Our honest insights towards how we are tracking with our collections, plus what we might have planned for the future! All this & more! Enjoy!!! Support the show: http://patreon.com/toypowerpodcastSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Group Dentistry Now Show: The Voice of the DSO Industry
Revolutionizing Dental Imaging: The PDS Health & SOTA Cloud Partnership

Group Dentistry Now Show: The Voice of the DSO Industry

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 6, 2026 59:18


Mostafa Khairzada, VP of Innovations & Product Development at PDS Health and Dustin Johnson, Co-Founder & CTO of SOTA Cloud discuss their recent partnership. They share thoughts on: Changing imaging software The importance of interoperability & integration Clinical workflow & user experience To learn more & schedule a demo visit https://www.sotacloud.com/ and click the Get a Demo button on the top right.  You can also connect with Dustin Johnson on Linkedin - https://www.linkedin.com/in/johnson-dustin/  To learn more about PDS Health visit https://www.pdshealth.com/ Connect with Mostafa Khairzada on Linkedin https://www.linkedin.com/in/innovateit/

AB4WS Radio Show
AB4WS RADIO SHOW Week of March 6, 2026

AB4WS Radio Show

Play Episode Listen Later Mar 4, 2026 13:10


Amateur Radio News and Information in the Greater Cincinnati, Tri-State, Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana Areas for the Week of March 6, 2026.This weeks topics include:Hamclock replacementsKY Severe Storm Weather Net now weeklyKY4DH School Club RoundupARRL Student Coding Competition N8QKE wins HandbookK8RRH is Silent KeyFlying PigAmerica 250Hamvention BusCave City Hamfesst Door PrizesBrunch BunchNKARC MeetingNKARC BREAKFASTKY SOTA CAMPOUTNWS Weather Spotter ClassRepeater listN4TNS Repeater moveHamfestsExams