Podcasts about Citizenship Act

Just before the Constitutional Court ruled that South Africans can now have citizenship of another country while keeping their SA citizenship, the law prohibited this. A matter that the Democratic Alliance has been seized with in the courts for years. The party was supported by Phillip Plaatjes, a South African citizen who went to South Korea in 2002 to teach English. He then married British citizens, but when he realised his passport had expired, he found out he was no longer a citizen as per the old provision of the act. Now that the court has ruled what becomes the next step? Bongiwe Zwane spoke to Mosa Chabane, the chairperson of the parliament committee on the Home Affairs and African Transformation Movement President Vuyolwethu Zungula

Today on The Midday Report, host Jane Dutton – standing in for Mandy Wiener – unpacks the major stories making headlines. It’s a significant day in the courts. The Democratic Alliance (DA) is challenging employment equity targets set by the Labour Minister, arguing that the quotas could force employers to dismiss workers who don’t meet the criteria. Former Free State premier Ace Magashule's PA Moroadi Cholota is back at the Bloemfontein High Court to challenge her extradition from the US to face charges relating to an asbestos removal scam. Meanwhile, at the Judicial Conduct Tribunal in Sandton, forensic and legal linguist Dr Zakeera Docrat testified that messages between Eastern Cape Judge President Selby Mbenenge and High Court secretary Andiswa Mengo shifted from a professional tone to a sexual one. In other news, the Constitutional Court is expected to deliver judgment today in the DA’s challenge to the constitutionality of the Citizenship Act. A memorial service is also being held to mark one year since the tragic George Building Collapse. Lastly, the City of Cape Town has received a credit rating upgrade from Moody’s Ratings. All this and more. Listen live - The Midday Report with Mandy Wiener is broadcast on weekdays from noon to 1pm on 702 and CapeTalk.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode of All My Relations, Matika Wilbur (Swinomish and Tulalip) and Temryss Lane (Lummi Nation)—sit down with Indigenous rights attorney Gabe Galanda (Round Valley Indian Tribes) to discuss the mounting legal threats to Tribal Nationhood, citizenship, and sovereignty. As executive orders and court cases attempt to undermine Native status and question our birthright citizenship, we unpack what's happening and what's at stake.Together, we explore the legal history behind Native Citizenship, from Elk v. Wilkins to the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, and how the Supreme Court continues to challenge the political status of Tribal Nations. Gabe highlights the ongoing erasure of Indigenous identity under U.S. law, warning that Native people remain "sub-citizens," not universally protected by the U.S. Constitution, and that our status exists at the mercy of an act of Congress. He raises the unsettling reality that if a simple majority of Congress were to revoke the 1924 Citizenship Act, we could once again be placed in legal limbo.We also turn inward, examining how Tribal policies around blood quantum and disenrollment are eroding our sovereignty from within. Gabe points out that over 70% of Tribal Nations still use blood quantum—a colonial, racialized construct—to determine belonging. We ask ourselves how we can continue to argue for our political status while using a racial measurement to determine our own citizenship? If we don't address these internal challenges, are we eradicating ourselves before the government even has the chance?This episode is an urgent call to rethink Indigenous citizenship and belonging before external forces dictate our future.Join us in this critical conversation. Please share this episode, support Native-led media, and continue the fight for Indigenous rights. Consider becoming a Patreon subscriber to help sustain these discussions.Big thanks to our team at Tidelands, our Patreon supporters, and all of you listening. Until next time… All My Relations.Send us your thoughts!Support the showFollow us on Instagam @amrpodcast, or support our work on Patreon. Show notes are published on our website, Allmyrelationspodcast.com. Matika's book Project 562: Changing the Way We See Native America is available now! T'igwicid and Hyshqe for being on this journey with us.

First, The Indian Express' Legal Editor, Apurva Vishwanath, talks about the Supreme Court upholding the constitutional validity of Section 6A of the Citizenship Act. She discusses the court's observations and the implications of the verdict for broader citizenship issues, including the powers of Parliament on the matter.Next, The Indian Express' Mihir Vasavda explains why India might win significantly fewer medals in the next edition of the Commonwealth Games, and what that could mean for the future of the Games (15:36).Finally, The Indian Express' Mallica Joshi tells us about a new trend in stubble burning data and the extent to which the practice impacts Delhi's air quality (25:16).Hosted, written and produced by Shashank BhargavaEdited and mixed by Suresh PawarListen to our five part series with the CSF:Part 1: https://indianexpress.com/audio/3-things/the-rss-bjp-rift-rise-in-indian-asylum-seekers-and-a-bid-to-muzzle-press/9550762/Part 2: https://indianexpress.com/audio/3-things/role-of-edtech-in-ensuring-continued-at-home-learning/9579623/Part 3: https://indianexpress.com/audio/3-things/unlocking-the-power-of-play-a-key-to-early-childhood-education/9604148/Part 4: https://indianexpress.com/audio/3-things/the-evolving-space-for-ai-in-edtech-for-students-and-teachers/9627570/

This is the Catch Up on 3 Things by The Indian Express and I'm Ichha Sharma.Today is the 18th of October and here are this week's headlines.India strongly refuted Canada's claims on Tuesday regarding evidence of Indian involvement in the assassination of Hardeep Singh Nijjar. Government sources indicated that no specifics had been provided and criticized Canada for shifting the burden of proof onto India. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau previously informed Prime Minister Narendra Modi about the importance of their upcoming national security advisor meeting, but no progress was reported. Indian officials dismissed Canadian assertions as vague accusations, asserting that they are unfounded and misleading.The Election Commission of India announced on Tuesday that the Maharashtra assembly polls will be held on 20th of November, while Jharkhand will vote in two phases on 13th and 20th November. Results for both elections will be revealed on 23rd of November. The BJP aims to regain power in Maharashtra, where it partners with the Eknath Shinde-led Shiv Sena, and seeks to gain ground in Jharkhand.The Indian Express learnt that days after receiving multiple bomb threats against flights on social media, Indian intelligence agencies traced the originating IP addresses to London and Germany. The agencies requested X to provide the IP addresses linked to the posts and to deactivate the associated accounts. Initial reports indicate that three accounts were involved, with two IPs traced to London and Germany. Users appeared to have utilized a VPN to conceal their identities, while details of the third account are still pending.OBC leader Nayab Singh Saini was sworn in as Chief Minister of Haryana for a second term in Panchkula on Thursday, following the BJP's historic success in the recent Assembly elections. Saini staked his claim to form the government, hours after being unanimously elected as the BJP's state legislature party leader, The swearing-in ceremony attended by Prime Minister Modi, Home Minister Amit Shah among other prominent leaders coincided with Valmiki Jayanti, and 14 cabinet ministers, including Saini, took their oaths. In a landmark decision on Thursday, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutional validity of Section 6A of the Citizenship Act, 1955, which grants citizenship to immigrants who entered Assam before January 1, 1966. The court called for stricter enforcement of laws against illegal immigration and judicial oversight of citizenship legislation. While Chief Justice D.Y. Chandrachud and three justices supported the ruling, Justice J.B. Pardiwala dissented. The bench clarified that immigrants entering Assam after 25th of March, 1971, are deemed illegal.Hamas chief Yahya Sinwar — a mastermind of the 7th f October, 2023 attack that triggered the Gaza war — was killed on thursday in an Israeli military operation in the city of Rafah in southern Gaza Strip. The death of Sinwar represents a major boost to the Israeli military and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu after a string of high-profile assassinations of prominent leaders of its enemies in recent months. Sinwar became the leader of Hamas following the assassination of former leader Ismail Haniyeh in August. He had not been seen in public since the Hamas attacks, and was believed to be hiding in the extensive network of tunnels beneath Gaza.This was the Catch Up on 3 Things by The Indian Express.-----------------------------------------------------------CSF Episode links:Episode 1Episode 2Episode 3

This is the Catchup on 3 Things by The Indian Express and I'm Flora Swain.Today is the 17th of October and here are the headlines.Days after receiving multiple bomb threats against flights on social media, Indian intelligence agencies have traced the originating IP addresses to London and Germany, according to The Indian Express. The agencies requested X to provide the IP addresses linked to the posts and to deactivate the associated accounts. Preliminary reports indicate that three accounts were involved, with two IPs traced to London and Germany. Users appeared to have utilized a VPN to conceal their identities, while details of the third account are still pending.In a landmark decision today, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutional validity of Section 6A of the Citizenship Act, 1955, which grants citizenship to immigrants who entered Assam before January 1, 1966. The court called for stricter enforcement of laws against illegal immigration and judicial oversight of citizenship legislation. While Chief Justice D.Y. Chandrachud and three justices supported the ruling, Justice J.B. Pardiwala dissented. The bench clarified that immigrants entering Assam after March 25, 1971, are deemed illegal.The United States confirmed that ‘CC1,' a former RAW officer implicated in the failed plot to assassinate Khalistani separatist Gurpatwant Singh Pannun, is no longer an employee of the Indian government. During a press briefing, U.S. State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller announced a productive meeting between a high-level Indian inquiry committee and U.S. officials, where both parties shared updates on their investigations. This visit comes amid diplomatic tensions between New Delhi and Ottawa over alleged Indian involvement in the Nijjar assassination case.OBC leader Nayab Singh Saini was sworn in as Chief Minister of Haryana for a second term in Panchkula today, following the BJP's historic success in the recent Assembly elections. Hours after being unanimously elected as the BJP's state legislature party leader, Saini staked his claim to form the government. Haryana Governor Bandaru Dattatreya administered the oath of office. The swearing-in ceremony coincided with Valmiki Jayanti, and 14 cabinet ministers, including Saini, took their oaths on the same day.Bangladesh's International Crimes Tribunal issued an arrest warrant today for former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, who fled to India in August following a large student-led protest. The tribunal also issued warrants for 45 others, including Hasina's close aides and top Awami League leaders, over alleged crimes against humanity. The orders were passed by Chairman Md Golam Mortuza Majumdar after the prosecution filed two petitions for the warrants, according to Chief Prosecutor Muhammad Tajul Islam, as reported by the Daily Star.This was the Catch Up on 3 Things by The Indian Express.CSF Episodes:Episode 1Episode 2Episode 3

O le tulafono a le malo taupulega i Ausetalia, le Nationality and Citizenship Act, o le Aso 26 Ianuari 1949, na muamua avea ai tagatanu'u ma sitiseni Ausetalia, o se suiga mai le avea ma sitiseni o Peretania.

First, we discuss the outcome of two key by-elections, where the Liberals lost seats—one in Quebec and another in Manitoba. What do these losses mean for Trudeau's government, and how will it impact the political landscape moving forward? Next, we take a closer look at the recent surge of misinformation coming from left-leaning news media. We explore how narratives are being shaped and what Canadians should watch out for in the quest for honest reporting. We also dig into the proposed changes to the Citizenship Act through Bill C-71. What will these extensions mean for new Canadians, and how might they alter the path to citizenship? Finally, we discuss the new rules around lending for first-time home buyers. We analyze what these changes mean for the housing market and if they will truly help more Canadians achieve homeownership. Listen to our Podcast on the go: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/elev8podcast TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@elev8podcast X: https://twitter.com/TheElev8Podcast 0:00 - Intro 6:09 - Jagmeet Stands His Ground Against Protestor 10:15 - In the News 29:40 - Liberals Lose Montreal Stronghold 39:30 - Liberal MP Andy Fillmore Runs for Mayor 51:25 - Am I Racist 56:00 - Wildcard and Conclusion

The new episode of the Center for Immigration Studies' podcast, Parsing Immigration Policy, focuses on the Center's updated map of sanctuary jurisdictions, based on data from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Joining host Mark Krikorian, executive director of the Center, is Jessica Vaughan, the Center's director of policy studies, who explains her update of the map.The update adds about 170 new sanctuary locations, mostly counties (including regional jails) as well as some cities. Some of these newly listed sanctuaries are in states that prohibit such policies, such as South Carolina, Indiana, Georgia, Idaho, Kansas, and North Carolina.Virginia, North Dakota, Nebraska, New York, and Minnesota have seen the most significant increases in sanctuary policies.The Center's updated map is based on ICE's internal tracking, adding information from the document entitled "Detainer Acceptance Tracker – Limited and Non-Cooperative Institutions," obtained via a Freedom of Information Act request. The Center's map is a collaboration between Vaughan and multimedia director Bryan Griffith, and has been used to track sanctuaries since 2015, using ICE information and open sources.Since then, well over 10,000 deportable criminal aliens who were arrested by local authorities for state and local crimes have been released back to the streets due to sanctuary policies, despite ICE seeking custody with a detainer, and a significant share have committed subsequent crimes. For example, in a documented eight-month period during 2014-2015, about 1,800 of 8,000 criminal aliens released by sanctuary jurisdictions were rearrested for committing 7,500 new crimes.“It is alarming to see the continued proliferation of sanctuary policies, especially in places like Virginia,” Vaughan notes, “where ICE has had to use its scarce resources to re-arrest violent gang members and rapists in our communities who were set free by local jails, when they should have been transferred directly to ICE custody for a plane ride home.”Vaughan continued: “Federal and state lawmakers should adopt measures to better ensure that local law enforcement agencies cooperate with ICE, and to penalize those agencies that choose not to cooperate.”In his closing commentary, Krikorian discusses the Democratic Party's 2024 immigration platform introduced this week at the party's convention. The platform embraces the U.S. Citizenship Act, a radical piece of legislation introduced in January 2021, that would have granted amnesty to all illegal immigrants in the U.S. as of January 2021 and even allowed the return of many previously deported illegal immigrants. This position contrasts sharply with the Republican position on immigration enforcement, setting the stage for an unambiguous policy debate.HostMark Krikorian is the Executive Director of the Center for Immigration Studies.GuestJessica Vaughan is the Director of Policy Studies at the Center for Immigration Studies.RelatedSanctuary MapJustice Department Still Funding SanctuariesAre Immigrants Less Willing to Report Crime?Background and Likely Effects of the Biden-Menendez Amnesty BillThe 2024 Democratic Party PlatformIntro MontageVoices in the opening montage:Sen. Barack Obama at a 2005 press conference.Sen. John McCain in a 2010 election ad.President Lyndon Johnson, upon signing the 1965 Immigration Act.Booker T. Washington, reading in 1908 from his 1895 Atlanta Exposition speech.Laraine Newman as a "Conehead" on SNL in 1977.Hillary Clinton in a 2003 radio interview.Cesar Chavez in a 1974 interview.House Speaker Nancy Pelosi speaking to reporters in 2019.Prof. George Borjas in a 2016 C-SPAN appearance.Sen. Jeff Sessions in 2008 comments on the Senate floor.Charlton Heston in "Planet of the Apes".

In this episode of "Sara Gonzales Unfiltered," BlazeTV contributor Matthew Marsden joins Sara to dissect the 2024 Democratic National Convention, exposing the hypocrisy and radicalism within the Democratic Party. The episode begins with a critical look at the chaotic protests outside the convention, where pro-Palestinian demonstrations and disturbing rhetoric on abortion and transgender issues dominate. Inside, key Democratic figures, including Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, deliver performative speeches lacking substance. The discussion then shifts to President Joe Biden's farewell speech, which was suspiciously scheduled late at night. Sara and Matthew question the narrative presented by Dr. Jill Biden regarding Joe's decision to step down and endorse Kamala Harris, suggesting it was a forced move by party insiders. They also highlight the U.S. Citizenship Act, a radical proposal that would grant amnesty and citizenship to millions of illegal immigrants, including criminals and gang members, as part of a broader strategy to change the electorate in favor of the Democrats. The episode further examines Kamala Harris' refusal to debate Donald Trump on Fox News, despite her earlier bravado, revealing the staged nature of her public appearances. Sara and Matthew also scrutinize Minnesota Governor Tim Walz's misleading claims about IVF, illustrating the Democrats' habit of manipulating personal stories for political gain. Finally, they discuss the controversy surrounding Kamala's stepdaughter, Ella Emhoff, and her odd body language with her father, Doug Emhoff, raising questions about the appropriateness of their interactions. The episode concludes with a reflection on the strange dynamics within the Democratic Party, leaving viewers to ponder the implications for America's future. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Videos are circulating of on-citizens are bragging about voting and encouraging other non-citizens to vote in the next safest, most secure election in history. This is just the beginning. Tim Walz pretends he was a head football coach. He lies about everything and it won't stop if he gets into the White House. And, we need to look at Candace Owen's claims about the nation of Israel. Should we be concerned for her?What does God's Word say? Bible Covenants (5): The Covenant with IsraelEpisode Links:We Are So Screwed Non Citizens Sharing Videos To REGISTER TO VOTE In Washington DCRob Law@the_roblaw, fmr USCIS policy chief || @a1policy Director, Center for Homeland Security & Immigration: “Kamala Harris' DNC platform pledges to pass the U.S. Citizenship Act. What is it? The most radical amnesty bill ever written. Amnesty for human traffickers & gang members, no welfare restrictions for migrants, lets deportees return, & worse. Read on for the horrifying details…”Have you ever seen something that perfectly encapsulates a certain demographic better than masked Dems singing about fascism?Tim Walz implies he was the head coach of a state championship football team. He was actually an unpaid assistant coach who couldn't be an official coach because of his criminal record.Candace Owen on the supposed cult of non-Jewish Jewish people who she seems to say formed the State of Israel for the protection of pedophiles.Alan's Soaps alansartisansoaps.comUse coupon code ‘TODD' to save an additional 10% off the bundle price.Bioptimizershttps://magbreakthrough.com/toddfreeGet your 30-capsule bottle of Magnesium Breakthrough for FREE!  No promo code needed. ONLY at magbreakthrough.com/toddfreeBonefroghttps://bonefrogcoffee.com/toddMake Bonefrog Cold Brew at home!  Use code TODD at checkout to receive 10% off your first purchase and 15% on subscriptions.Bulwark CapitalBulwark Capital Management (bulwarkcapitalmgmt.com)Learn about Bulwark's strategies with their FREE Common Cents Investing Guide.  Get yours by calling 866-779-RISK or go to KnowYourRiskRadio.com.EdenPUREhttps://edenpuredeals.comUse code TODD3 to save $200 on the Thunderstorm Air Purifier 3-packGreenHaven Interactive Web Marketinghttps://greenhaveninteractive.comGet more leads & customers! Show up on Google. Dave is here to help.  Native Pathhttps://getnativepath.com/toddStock up on NativePath Collagen for up to 45% off plus free shipping.  Renue Healthcarehttps://renue.healthcare/toddYour journey to a better life starts at Renue Healthcare.  Visit https://renue.healthcare/todd

Strange as it seems, Native Americans became U.S. citizens only 100 years ago. Southern Ute leaders here say the milestone is reason to reflect, rather than celebrate. Then, Colorado researchers find that elephants seem to have names for one another, much like humans. Also, meet the boys who found a rare junior T-Rex fossil. Plus, an award-winning literary road trip with "Reading Colorado." And Hanging Lake comes back from the brink.

Strange as it seems, Native Americans became U.S. citizens only 100 years ago. Southern Ute leaders here say the milestone is reason to reflect, rather than celebrate. Then, Colorado researchers find that elephants seem to have names for one another, much like humans. Also, meet the boys who found a rare junior T-Rex fossil. Plus, an award-winning literary road trip with "Reading Colorado." And Hanging Lake comes back from the brink.

The South African Local Government Association (Salga) has welcomed the gazetting of the final White Paper on Citizenship, Immigration and Refugee Protection, stating that it is reflective of duly considered local government submissions. Salga applauded the Department of Home Affairs (DHA) for "collaborative efforts" and other stakeholders for demonstrating the "will to address the complexities of immigration". The local government association pointed out that the White Paper was underpinned by the realisation that South Africa had different pieces of legislation dealing with citizenship, immigration and refugee protection, namely the Citizenship Act, Immigration Act, and Refugees Act, as amended. "In practice, these pieces of legislation are not in harmony with each other, and piecemeal amendments were made without any policy framework. The changing population dynamics imposed by unmanaged immigration have long sparked calls for more to be done to manage immigration. Local government, being the receiver of all immigrants, jumped to the fore to be part of the solution, inspired by the vision to see South Africa effectively manage immigration," said Salga. In recent months, the DHA conducted public hearings in all nine provinces, including several radio and television interviews on the White Paper which Salga said it had participated in across the country. Salga led consultations with municipalities on the White Paper to mobilise and consolidate views and "deepen a common understanding at the local level". In March 2023, Salga hosted a National Migration Summit, where stakeholders across all spheres of government gathered to coordinate all partners to effectively address migration issues and the common agreement was a "whole-of-government approach" to managing migration. Salga said it fully supported the White Paper on Citizenship, Immigration and Refugee Protection as an important step towards overhauling the migration system in South Africa. It explained that the White Paper would ensure a coherent approach to managing immigration issues in South Africa without the contradictions with various legislative pieces. Meanwhile, various civil society organisations are urging Parliament not to adopt the White Paper's proposals into law. The Helen Suzman Foundation argues that the White Paper is not sound government policy-making because it provides an "inscrutable solution" without properly defining the challenges that migration poses to South Africa.

Home affairs minister Aaron Motsoaledi says the cabinet has approved a white paper overhauling the country's immigration laws after “robust engagements” that resulted in “wide support” of the document's policy positions. The ‘White Paper' was published in the Government Gazette for public comment in November 2023. It proposed a complete overhaul of the Citizenship Act, the Refugees Act and the Immigration Act, and called on the government to introduce single legislation to address the new challenges facing the country. This evening Dr Motsoaledi joins us to unpack what can be possibly expected from the proposed legislation.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

One of many narratives promoted to justify stripping and replacing our citizenship.

Minister of Home Affairs Dr Aaron Motsoaledi announced on Wednesday the publication of the final White Paper On Citizenship, Immigration and Refugee Protection. Motsoaledi was briefing the media on the publication and explained that the Final White Paper is a product of robust engagements. Last week the cabinet passed the paper after public comments. In November, the department published the White Paper On Citizenship, Immigration and Refugee Protection towards a complete overhaul of the migration system in South Africa for public comments. Written submissions were meant to reach the Department of Home Affairs on or before January 31. Motsoaledi explained that public hearings were conducted in all nine province, highlighting that the outcome of the engagements and public comments is that the policy position adopted in the white paper enjoyed wide support. He noted that only a handful of public interest group are opposed to selected policy positions, such as the withdrawal of 1951 refugee convention, the 1967 protocol - UN protocols - and acceding to them with reservations proposed repeal of Section 4.3 of the South Africa citizenship Act. "…and the first safe country principle. This are the things that people objected to," he explained. He said the department carefully considered all the oral and written submissions and highlighted that public comments to the paper reaffirmed an urgent need to adopt effective policy measures and legislative interventions, dealing with migration in the country. He said that South Africa has different pieces of legislations dealing with citizenship, migration and refugee protection, noting the Citizenship Act which was passed in 1995, the Immigration Act passed in 2002 and the Refugee Act passed in 1998. Motsoaledi noted that the paper proposed that government of South Africa must review or withdraw from the 1951 convention and the 1967 protocol with a view to accede to them with reservation, like many other countries did. He explained that government only intended to exercise its rights granted in article 42 of the 1951 convention and article 7 of the 1967 protocol and make reservations accordingly. He previously said South Africa had to correct its "mistake" when it adopted the UN protocols without reservations in place. Those opposed to the move warned that this could mean migrants would be stripped of certain rights. Motsoaledi said the refugee protection and immigration legislation must provide for reservations and exceptions as contained in the 1951 convention and 1961 convention. "…particularly in that South Africa does not have the resources to grant all the socio economic rights envisaged in the 1951 convention. Remember these rights were developed for all the countries - rich and poor - and there will be those countries, which will find there won't be a problem, but others will," he said.

Ali Usman Qasmi comes back on The Pakistan Experience to discuss his new book, “Qaum, Mulk, Sultanat” - on this episode we do a deep dive in the 1950s in Pakistan; how was Pakistan turned into an Islamic State? We discuss Ayub Khan, The National Anthem, the Indian Citizenship Act, the notion of the Nation State, Establishment's narratives and Imran Khan taking over the Establishment's narrative. After the trauma of mass violence and massive population movements around the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, both new nation states faced the enormous challenge of creating new national narratives, symbols, and histories, as well as a new framework for their political life. While leadership in India claimed the anti-colonial movement, Gandhi, and a civilizational legacy in the subcontinent, the new political elite in Pakistan were faced with a more complex task: to carve out a separate and distinct Muslim history and political tradition from a millennium long history of cultural and religious interaction, mixing, and coexistence. Drawing on a rich archive of diverse sources, Ali Qasmi traces the complex development of ideas of citizenship and national belonging in the postcolonial Muslim state, offering a nuanced and sweeping history of the country's formative period. Qasmi paints a rich picture of the long, arduous, and often conflict-ridden process of writing a democratic constitution of Pakistan, while simultaneously narrating the invention of a range of new rituals of state—such as the exact color of the flag, the precise date of birth of the national poet of Pakistan, and the observation of Eid as a “national festival”—providing an illuminating analysis of the practices of being Pakistani, and a new portrait of Muslim history in the subcontinent. Ali Usman Qasmi is Associate Professor of History at Lahore University of Management Sciences. The Pakistan Experience is an independently produced podcast looking to tell stories about Pakistan through conversations. Please consider supporting us on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/thepakistanexperience To support the channel: Jazzcash/Easypaisa - 0325 -2982912 Patreon.com/thepakistanexperience And Please stay in touch: https://twitter.com/ThePakistanExp1 https://www.facebook.com/thepakistanexperience https://instagram.com/thepakistanexpeperience The podcast is hosted by comedian and writer, Shehzad Ghias Shaikh. Shehzad is a Fulbright scholar with a Masters in Theatre from Brooklyn College. He is also one of the foremost Stand-up comedians in Pakistan and frequently writes for numerous publications. Instagram.com/shehzadghiasshaikh Facebook.com/Shehzadghias/ Twitter.com/shehzad89 Chapters: 0:00 Introduction 2:00 India, Citizenship Act and What does it mean to be a Citizen? 21:00 Building a nation-state after Partition in Pakistan 39:13 Insecurities of the Pakistani State and Fear of Democracy 54:00 Pakistan's state use of Islam 1:11:42 Creation of Pakistan, Symbolism and Myth Making 1:21:00 Establishment's Narratives about Pakistan 2:08:00 National Anthem 2:12:30 Audience Questions

As India moves to enforce its 'controversial' Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), Senior Lecturer of Asian Studies at the University of Melbourne, Dr Pradeep Taneja, explains the possible political implications of this law.

This act was and is a war crime! Honoring us, my ass!

While Native Americans were originally not granted American citizenship, the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 recognized the right to vote of all “Indians born within the territorial limits of the United States.” Learn more about how this change came about in this episode of the 60-Second Civics podcast. Center for Civic Education

Our country, India, has two distinct groups of people: citizens and aliens. Citizens are like the core members of our nation. They have all the benefits that our country offers. They can participate in elections, express their thoughts freely, and enjoy various rights that make their lives better. On the other hand, we have aliens, who are people from other countries. While they live in India, they don't have the same rights as citizens. Aliens are like guests from other places. They're not part of the core Indian family, so they don't get all the privileges citizens do. They can't vote in elections, and they have fewer rights compared to citizens Our Constitution lays down the rules for citizenship in India. According to it, four main categories of people became citizens on January 26, 1950, when the Constitution came into effect. Article 5: Birth and Domicile This article outlines that a person who had their permanent residence in India and fulfilled any of these conditions became a citizen: Born in India Either parent born in India Lived in India for five years before January 26, 1950 Article 6: Migration from Pakistan This article addresses those who moved from Pakistan to India. They could become Indian citizens if they fulfilled these criteria: They or their parents/grandparents were born in undivided India Migrated before July 19, 1948, and lived in India since migration Migrated on/after July 19, 1948, and were registered citizens after living in India for six months Article 7: Returning from Pakistan This article is about people who migrated to Pakistan but later returned to India for resettlement. They could become citizens if they resided in India for six months before applying. Article 8: Residing Outside India People whose parents or grandparents were born in undivided India but who lived abroad could become citizens if they were registered by India's diplomatic or consular representatives. Article 9: Voluntary Acquisition of Foreign Citizenship This article says that anyone who willingly becomes a citizen of another country can't be an Indian citizen. Article 10: Continuation of Citizenship This article confirms that people who are citizens on January 26, 1950, continue to be citizens, as long as they follow the laws passed by our Parliament. Article 11: Parliament's Authority Article 11 gives our Parliament the power to make laws about citizenship acquisition, termination, and other related matters. Acquiring Citizenship: The Citizenship Act of 1955 The Citizenship Act of 1955 provides five routes to Indian citizenship: First is By Birth: If Born in India between January 26, 1950, and July 1, 1987, makes you an Indian citizen, regardless of your parents' nationality. If Born after July 1, 1987, in India, you need at least one Indian parent to be a citizen. Second is By Descent: If Born outside India between January 26, 1950, and December 10, 1992, you're a citizen if your father is Indian. If Born after December 10, 1992, you must register your birth within a year or get permission from the Central Government. Third is By Registration: People of Indian origin living in India for seven years can apply. Those married to Indian citizens and living here for seven years can also apply. If your parents are Indian citizens, you can apply. Fourth is By Naturalisation: Foreigners can apply if they meet specific conditions, like not being citizens of countries that don't allow Indians to become citizens. Fifth is By Incorporation: If a foreign place becomes part of India, the Indian government decides who becomes a citizen. Loss of Citizenship: By Renunciation: Anyone of full age can renounce Indian citizenship. By Termination: If you willingly become a citizen of another country, you lose Indian citizenship. By Deprivation: The Central government can terminate citizenship if a person has traded with enemies during war, stayed abroad for seven years without permission, or used fraud. --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/theiascompanion/message

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Today we hear the second part of my conversation with the dedicated German lawyer Olaf Kretzschmar about the retention application that must be made and approved to retain German citizenship when accepting Australian citizenship. Today we continue with education, training and pensions. Finally, we also go into the Citizenship Act in Germany, because this is to be changed, and this also affects us Germans abroad. Because this could also eliminate the need for a retention permit in the future. However, this is still quite unclear and Olaf Kretschmar warns not to rely on this and also not to accept Australian citizenship under any circumstances before you have the retention certificate in your hands. - Heute hören wir den zweiten Teil meines Gesprächs mit dem engagierten deutschen Rechtsanwalt Olaf Kretzschmar über den Beibehaltungsantrag, der zum Erhalt der deutschen Staatsbürgerschaft bei der Annahme der australischen Staatsbürgerschaft gestellt und genehmigt werden muss. Heute machen wir weiter mit den Punkten Bildung, Ausbildung und Renten. Zum Schluss gehen wir auch auf das Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetz in Deutschland ein, denn das soll geändert werden, und das betrifft uns Deutsche im Ausland auch. Denn damit könnte auch die Notwendigkeit für eine Beibehaltungsgenehmigung in Zukunft entfallen. Das ist aber noch ganz unklar und Olaf Kretschmar warnt, sich darauf nicht zu verlassen und auch auf keinen Fall die australische Staatsangehörigkeit anzunehmen, bevor man die die Beibehaltungsurkunde in den Händen hält.

In this podcast episode, Simon Nantais speaks with Lois Harder about her book, Canadian Club: Birthright, Citizenship and National Belonging published by the University of Toronto Press in 2022. Harder explores how Canadians confronted situations in which the certainty of birthright citizenship turned out to be less secure and less unassailable than generally presumed. She particularly looks at the years from 1940s to the present and the development of the Citizenship Act of 1947. The book references court cases and media stories, and highlights “Lost Canadians,” people who discovered they had no legal right to claim their birthright. Harder ends the book with alternative approaches to forming political communities and looks towards a more just and democratic alternative to birth-based citizenship. Professor Lois Harder is a political scientist and the current Dean of Social Sciences at the University of Victoria. Her research interests include citizenship law, social policy, and family law. This podcast was produced by Jessica Schmidt. If you like our work, please consider supporting it: bit.ly/support_WTY. Your support contributes to the Champlain Society's mission of opening new windows to directly explore and experience Canada's past.

On January 3rd, 1947, Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King became the first person to ever be granted Canadian citizenship. So, how did people in Canada identify before this law came into effect? And how did the law impact people differently? Lawyer and professor Audrey Macklin joins host Angela Misri to help unpack the significance of this anniversary.To read the episode transcripts in French and English, and to learn more about historic Canadian milestones, please visit thewalrus.ca/canadianheritage.This podcast receives funding from The Government of Canada and is produced by The Walrus Lab.Check out the French counterpart podcast, Voyage dans l'histoire canadienne. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

While Native Americans were original not granted citizenship in the U.S., the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 extended the right to vote to all Indians born within the territorial limits of the United States. Learn more about how this change came about in this episode! Center for Civic Education

This episode is brought to you by the Museum's Education Department.   Back on November 3rd, 2021, Dr. Zachary Isenhower gave a lecture entitled: “Defining Patriotism: Native Military Figures & the Long Fight for Equality.”   Dr. Isenhower is an Instructor at Louisiana State University teaching Native American History.   The lecture explored how the history of Native military service illustrated Native struggles for equality, as well as the contradictions and ironies of how white Americans viewed Native military service and citizenship.   If you would like to view the original lecture, you can see it here: https://youtu.be/ESA7ve1OOLM

The topic of immigration is nothing new in America. In the nation's infancy, groups like The Order of the Star Spangled Banner were popping up left and right to lobby for the removal of immigrants from the United States. Debates over who should stay or who should go distracted the nation, forgetting about one group entirely. Tune in to hear the rest of the story!https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Citizenship_Act

Happy Independence Day!- Pranay Kotasthane and RSJThis newsletter can often seem pessimistic about India. That isn’t true, though. Every year, on Independence Day, we remind ourselves and our readers why we write this newsletter. This is how we ended the Independence Day edition of 2020:“What we have achieved so far is precious. That’s worth reminding ourselves today. We will go back to writing future editions lamenting our state of affairs.We will do so because we know it’s worth it.”  This year we thought it would be fun (?) to run through every year since 1947 and ask ourselves what happened in the year that had long-term repercussions for our nation. This kind of thing runs a serious risk. It can get tedious and all too familiar. Most of us know the landmark events of recent history and what they meant for the nation. Maybe. Maybe not. We’ve given an honest try (of over 8000 words) to see if there’s a different way of looking at these familiar events and their impact on us. Here we go.1947 - 1960: Sense Of A Beginning 1947Perhaps the most significant “What, if?” question for independent India surfaced on 17th August 1947 when the Radcliffe Line was announced. The partition of the Indian subcontinent has cast a long shadow. What if it had never happened? What if Nehru-Jinnah-Gandhi were able to strike a modus vivendi within a one-federation framework? These questions surface every year around independence.The indelible human tragedy of the partition aside, would an Akhand Bharat have served its citizens better? We don’t think so. We agree with Ambedkar’s assessment of this question. In Pakistan or the Partition of India, he approaches the question with detachment and realism, concluding that the forces of “communal malaise” had progressed to such an extent that resisting a political division would have led to a civil war, making everyone worse off. The partition must have been handled better without the accompanying humanitarian disaster. But on the whole, the partition was inevitable by 1947.“That the Muslim case for Pakistan is founded on sentiment is far from being a matter of weakness; it is really its strong point. It does not need deep understanding of politics to know that the workability of a constitution is not a matter of theory. It is a matter of sentiment. A constitution, like clothes, must suit as well as please. If a constitution does not please, then however perfect it may be, it will not work. To have a constitution which runs counter to the strong sentiments of a determined section is to court disaster if not to invite rebellion.” [Read the entire book here]1948What if Mahatma Gandhi wasn’t killed that year? How would the course of our history change? Gandhi spoke like an idealist and worked like a realist. He was possibly the most aware of the gap between the lofty ideals of our constitution and the reality of the Indian minds then. He knew the adoption of the constitution was only half the work done. He’d likely have devoted the rest of his life to building a liberal India at the grassroots level. His death pushed a particular stream of right-wing Hindu consciousness underground. We still carry the burden of that unfinished work.1949The Constituent Assembly met for the first time in December 1946. By November 26th 1949, this assembly adopted a constitution for India. Even a half-constructed flyover in Koramangala has taken us five years. For more context, Pakistan’s Constituent Assembly began work on 10th August 1947, and their first constitution came into force in March 1956, only to be abrogated two years later. India’s founding fathers and mothers were acutely aware that they were elite, unelected, and unrepresentative of the median Indian. They dared to imagine a new nation-state while grappling with that period's harsh economic, social, and political realities. Their work should inspire us to strengthen, improve, and rebuild—but never to give up on—the Republic of India.For more, check out the miracle that is India’s Constitution in our Republic Day 2021 special edition.1950We have written about our Constitution a number of times. It is an inspiring and audacious document in its ambition to shape a modern nation. It has its flaws. Some consider it too liberal; others think it makes the State overbearing. Some find it too long; others feel it comes up short. This may all be true. However, there is no doubt our constitution has strengthened our democracy, protected the weak and continues to act as a tool for social change. It is our North Star. And a damn good one at that. 1951Few post-independence institutions have stood the test of time as the Finance Commission (FC), first established in 1951. In federal systems, horizontal and vertical imbalances in revenue generation and expenditure functions are commonplace. Closing the gap requires an impartial institution that is well-regarded by various levels of government and the people. The Finance Commission is that institution.It’s not as if it didn’t face any challenges. As a constitutional body established under article 280 of the Constitution, it was sidelined by an extra-constitutional and powerful Planning Commission until 2014. But we have had 15 FCs in total, and each key tax revenue-sharing recommendation has become government policy.1952Our Constitution adopted a universal adult franchise as the basis for elections. Every citizen was to be part of the democratic project. There was to be no bar on age, sex, caste or education. And this was to be done in one of the most unequal societies in the world. The ambition was breathtaking. To put this in context, women were allowed to vote in Switzerland only in 1971. Not only did we aim for this, but we also moved heaven and earth to achieve it in 1952. In his book India After Gandhi, Ram Guha describes the efforts of the government officials led by the first Election Commissioner, Sukumar Sen, to reach the last man or woman for their ballot. The elites may lament vote bank politics or cash for votes scams and question the wisdom of universal franchise. But we shouldn’t have had it any other way. And, for the record, our people have voted with remarkable sophistication in our short independent history. 1953 For a new nation-state, the Republic of India punched above its weight in bringing hostilities on the Korean peninsula to an end. Not only did the Indian government’s work shape the Armistice Agreement, but it also chaired a Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission (NNRC) that was set up to decide the future of nearly 20,000 prisoners of war from both sides. This experience during the Cold War strengthened India’s advocacy of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).  1954Article 25 guaranteed the freedom of conscience and the freedom to profess, practice, and propagate religion to all citizens. But how does one define a religious practice? And can a practice under the garb of religion breach the boundary of individual rights or public morality? This is a familiar conflict zone in secular States and would inevitably show up in India because everything in India can be construed as a religious practice. Like Ambedkar said during the constituent assembly debates:“The religious conceptions in this country are so vast that they cover every aspect of life from birth to death…there is nothing extraordinary in saying that we ought to strive hereafter to limit the definition of religion in such a manner that we shall not extend it beyond beliefs and such rituals as may be connected with ceremonials which are essentially religious..."In 1954, the Supreme Court gave a landmark judgment on what constitutes a religious practice in what’s known as the Shirur Math case. It held that the term religion would cover all practices integral to that religion. Further, the Court will determine what practice will be deemed essential with reference to doctrines within that religion itself.This test of ‘essentiality’ in religion has kept the public, the legislature and the courts busy since (entry of women in Sabarimala, headscarf in Islam, to name two). The outcome has bent towards individual liberty in most contexts, but the ambiguity in the definition of essential means it could go the other way too.1955Another wild "What, if” moment that we like to recall relates to Milton Friedman’s visit to the Indian finance ministry in 1955. What shape would India’s economy have taken had his seminal document “A Memorandum to the Government of India 1955” been heeded?In this note, Friedman gets to the root of India’s macroeconomic problems—an overburdened investment policy, restrictive policies towards the private sector, erratic monetary policy, and a counterproductive exchange control regime. Being bullish about India’s prospects was courageous when most observers wrote epitaphs about the grand Indian experiment. But Friedman was hopeful and critical both.The Indian government, for its part, was humble enough to seek the advice of foreigners from opposing schools of thought. At the same time, it was too enamoured by the Soviet command and control model. In fact, many items from Friedman’s note can be repurposed as economic reforms even today.Here’re our points from Friedman’s note.1956The idea of One Nation, One ‘X’ (language, election, song, tax, choose any other) is both powerful and seductive. It is not new, however. Back in the 50s, there was a view that we must not strengthen any identity that divides us. So when the question of reorganisation of the colonial provinces into new states came up, an argument was made that it must be done on factors other than language. Nehru, ever the modernist, thought the creation of language-based states would lead us down the path of ethnic strife. The example of nation-states in Europe built on language in the 19th century and the two devastating world wars thereafter were too recent then. So, he demurred.Agitation, hunger strikes and deaths followed before we chose language as the primary basis for reorganising the states. It was perhaps the best decision taken by us in the 50s. As the years since have shown, only a polity assured of its heritage and identity will voluntarily accept diversity. The melding of our diversity into a single identity cannot be a top-down imposition. We should never forget this.1957India’s economic strategy of state-led industrialisation through deficit financing in pursuit of import substitution took off with the Second Five-Year Plan. Heavy industries needed imported machinery, inflating India’s import bill. Since the exchange rate was pegged to the British pound, it meant that Indian exports became pricier. This imbalance between rising imports and flagging exports was financed by running down the foreign exchange reserves. By 1957, India witnessed its first foreign exchange crisis. This event had a significant effect on India’s economy. Instead of devaluing the rupee, the government opted for foreign exchange budgeting - every investment in a project needed government approval for the foreign exchange required to buy foreign inputs. The immediate crisis in 1957 led to controls that worsened India’s economic prospects over the next 35 years.1958The government nationalised all insurance companies a couple of years earlier. India hadn’t gotten into a socialist hell yet, so this was a bit of a surprise. The proximate cause was a fraud that few private life insurers had committed by misusing the policyholders’ funds to help their industrialist friends. A run-of-the-mill white-collar crime that should have been dealt with by the criminal justice system. But the government viewed it as a market failure and moved to nationalise the entire industry. It would take another 45 years for private players to come back to insurance. Insurance penetration in India meanwhile remained among the lowest in the world.  Also, in 1958, Feroze Gandhi took to the floor of Lok Sabha to expose how LIC, the state insurer, had diverted its funds to help Haridas Mundhra, a Calcutta-based businessman. The same crime that private insurers had done.The government would repeat this pattern of getting involved where there was no market failure. The outcomes would inevitably turn out to be worse. Seven decades later, we remain instinctively socialist and wary of capital. Our first reaction to something as trifling as a surge price by Ola or a service charge levied by restaurants is to ask the State to interfere.1959“The longest guest of the Indian government”, the 14th Dalai Lama pre-empted the Chinese government’s plans for his arrest and escaped to India. Not only did India provide asylum, but it also became home to more than a hundred thousand Tibetans. Because of the bold move by the Indian government in 1959, the Central Tibetan Administration continues its struggle as a Nation and a State in search of regaining control over their Country to this day. This event also changed India-China relations for the decades to come.1960Search as hard as we might; we hardly got anything worth discussing for this year. Maybe we were all sitting smugly waiting for an avalanche of crisis to come our way. Steel plants, dams and other heavy industries were being opened. The budget outlay for agriculture was reduced. We were talking big on the international stage about peace and non-alignment. But if you had looked closer, things were turning pear-shaped. The many dreams of our independence were turning sour.The 60s: Souring Of The Dream1961The Indian Army marched into Goa in December 1961. The 450-year Portuguese colonial rule ended, and the last colonial vestige in India was eliminated. It took this long because Portugal’s dictator Antonio Salazar stuck to his guns on controlling Portuguese colonies in the subcontinent, unlike the British and the French. Portugal’s membership in NATO further made it difficult for the Indian government to repeat the operations in Hyderabad and Junagadh. Nevertheless, that moment eventually arrived in 1961. This was also the year when India’s first indigenous aircraft, the HAL HF-24 Marut, took its first flight. Made in Bengaluru by German designer Kurt Tank, the aircraft was one of the first fighter jets made outside the developed world. The aircraft served well in the war that came a decade later. It never lived up to its promises, but it became a matter of immense pride and confidence for a young nation-state.1962Among the lowest points in the history of independent India. We’ve written about our relationship with China many times in the past editions. The 1962 war left a deep impact on our psyche. We didn’t recover for the rest of the decade. The only good thing out of it was the tempering of idealism in our approach to international relations. That we take a more realist stance these days owes its origins to the ‘betrayal’ of 1962.1963ISRO launched the first sounding rocket in November 1963. Over the years, this modest beginning blossomed into a programme with multiple launch vehicles. The satellite programmes also took off a few years later, making India a mighty player in the space sector. 1964If you told anyone alive in 1964 that less than 60 years later, Nehru would be blamed for all that was wrong with India by a substantial segment of its population, they would have laughed you out of the room. But here we are in 2022, and there’s never a day that passes without a WhatsApp forward that talks about Nehru’s faults. It seems inevitable that by the time we celebrate the centenary of our independence, he would be a borderline reviled figure in our history. But that would be an aberration. In the long arc of history, he will find his due as a flawed idealist who laid the foundation of modern India. 1964 was the end of an era.1965As the day when Hindi would become the sole official language of the Indian Union approached, the anti-Hindi agitation in the Madras presidency morphed into riots. Many people died in the protests, and it led to the current equilibrium on language policy. The “one State, one language” project moved to the back burner, even as Hindi became an important link language across the country. The lesson was the same as in the case of the 1956 states reorganisation: melding our diversity into a single identity cannot be a top-down imposition.1966The two wars in the decade's first half, the inefficient allocation of capital driven by the second and third five-year plans, and the consecutive monsoon failure meant India was on the brink in 1966. The overnight devaluation of the Rupee by over 50 per cent, the timely help with food grains from the US and some providence pulled us back from it. The green revolution followed, and we have remained self-sufficient in food since.The experience of being on the brink taught us nothing. We still believe in the Pigouvian theory of market failure, where government policies are expected to deliver optimality.  Strangely, the idea that we reform only in crisis has only strengthened. There cannot be worse ways to change oneself than under the shadow of a crisis. But we have made a virtue out of it.1967This was the year when the Green Revolution took baby steps, and the Ehlrichian prediction about India’s impending doom was put to rest. But it was also the year when the Indian government made a self-goal by adopting a policy called items reserved for manufacture exclusively by the small-scale sector. By reserving whole product lines for manufacturing by small industries, this policy kept Indian firms small and uncompetitive. And like all bad ideas, it had a long life. The last 20 items on this list were removed only in April 2015. We wrote about this policy here. 1968In the past 75 years, we have reserved some of our worst public policies for the education sector. We have an inverted pyramid. A handful of tertiary educational institutions produce world-class graduates at the top. On the other end, we have a total failure to provide quality primary education to the masses. It is not because of a lack of intent. The National Education Policy (NEP) that first came up in 1968 is full of ideas, philosophy and a desire to take a long-term view about education in India. But it was unmoored from the economic or social reality of the nation. We often say here that we shouldn’t judge a policy based on its intentions. That there’s no such thing as a good policy but bad implementation because thinking about what can work is part of policy itself. NEP is Exhibit A in favour of this argument.1969 The nationalisation of 14 private-sector banks was a terrible assault on economic freedom under the garb of serving the public interest. The sudden announcement of a change in ownership of these banks was challenged in the courts, but the government managed to thwart it with an ordinance. Fifty years later, we still have low credit uptake even as governments continue to recapitalise loss-making banks with taxpayer money.1970The dominant economic thinking at the beginning of the 70s in India placed the State at the centre of everything. But that wasn’t how the world was moving. There was a serious re-examination of the relationship between the State and the market happening elsewhere. The eventual shift to a deregulated, small government economic model would happen by the decade's end. This shift mostly passed India by. But there were a few voices who questioned the state orthodoxy and, in some ways, sowed the intellectual seeds for liberalisation in future. In 1970, Jagdish Bhagwati and Padma Desai published their monograph, India: Planning for Industrialisation, which argued that our economic policies since independence had crippled us. It showed with data how central planning, import substitution, public sector-led industrial policy and license raj have failed. But it found no takers. In fact, we doubled down on these failed policies for the rest of the decade. It was a tragedy foretold. What if someone had gone against the consensus and paid attention to that paper? That dissent could perhaps have been the greatest service to the nation. It is useful to remember this today when any scepticism about government policies is met with scorn. Dissent is good. The feeblest of the voice might just be right.The 70s: Losing The Plot1971Kissinger visited China in July 1971 via Pakistan. Responding to the changing world order, India and the USSR signed an Indo–Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation in August of that year. India had become an ally of the USSR. Four months later, the India-Pakistan war pitted India and the USSR against Pakistan, China, and the US. The Indian strategic community came to internalise USSR as a super-reliable partner and the West as a supporter of India’s foes. It took another three decades, and the collapse of the USSR, for a change in this thinking. Even today, Russia finds massive support in the Indian strategic establishment. We had problematised this love for Russia here. 1972India won the 1972 war with Pakistan and liberated Bangladesh. India’s unilateral action stopped a humanitarian disaster. The victory was decisive, and the two parties met in Simla to agree on the way forward. This should have been a slam dunk for India in resolving festering issues on the international boundary, Kashmir and the role of the third parties. But international diplomacy is a two-level game, and Bhutto played that to his advantage. We explained this in edition 30. We paid a high price for giving away that win to Bhutto.1973The Kesavananda Bharti verdict of the Supreme Court rescued the Republic of India from a rampaging authoritarian. The basic structure doctrine found a nice balance to resolve the tension between constitutional immutability and legislative authority to amend the constitution. Bibhu Pani discussed this case in more detail here. 1974You are the State. Here are your crimes. You force import substitution, you regulate the currency, you misallocate capital, you let the public sector and a handful of licensed private players produce inferior quality products at a high cost, you raise the marginal tax rate at the highest level to 97 per cent, you run a large current account deficit, and you cannot control Rupee depreciation.Result?People find illegal ways to bring in foreign goods, currency and gold. And so was born the villain of every urban Bollywood film of the 70s. And a career option for a capitalist-minded kid like me. The Smuggler.But the State isn’t the criminal here. The smuggler is. And the State responded with a draconian law to beat all others. An act the knowledge of whose expanded form would serve kids well in those school quizzes of the 80s. COFEPOSA — The Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Act. A predatory state's defining feature is how it forces ordinary citizens to do unlawful activities. COFEPOSA was the mother of such laws. It has spawned many children. 1975This blank editorial by the Indian Express says it all. 1976We view our population as a core problem. The politicians, the public servants and the ordinary citizens share this view. We don’t want to acknowledge our governance deficit. Calling population a problem allows us to shirk the responsibility of running a functioning State. We have written about the flaw in thinking about the population as a problem on many occasions.How far could we go to control the population? Well, in 1976, during the peak of the Emergency, the State decided to sterilise male citizens against their wishes. This madness ended when the Emergency was lifted. But even today calls for population control keep coming back. 1977The first non-Congress union government was an important milestone for the Indian Republic. While Morarji Desai’s government did reverse the worst excesses of the Emergency rule, its economic policies were less successful. This period went on to witness a demonetisation in search of black money (2016 from the future says Hi!), and the same old counter-productive policies in search of self-reliance.1978Despite all available evidence that statist socialism was an abject failure, the Janata government that came to power decided to double down on it. One of the great ideas of the time was to force MNCs to reduce their stake in their Indian subsidiaries to below 40 per cent. A handful agreed, but the large corporations quit India. One of those who left was IBM in 1978. The many existing installations of IBM computers needed services and maintenance. In a delightful case of unintended consequences, this led to the nationalisation of IBM’s services division (later called CMC). Domestic companies started to serve this niche. Soon there were the likes of Infosys, Wipro and HCL building a business on this. CMC provided a good training ground for young engineers. And so, the Indian IT services industry got underway. It would change the lives of educated Indians forever.1979In a classic case of violating the Tinbergen rule, the Mandal Commission recommended that the reservation policy should be used to address relative deprivation. While the earlier reservations for oppressed castes stood on firm ground as a means for addressing unconscionable historical wrongs, the Mandal Commission stretched the logic too far. Its recommendation would eventually make reservation policy the go-to solution for any group that could flex its political muscles. We wrote about it here. 1980After ditching the Janata experiment and running out of ideas to keep Jan Sangh going, the BJP was formed. It wasn’t a momentous political occasion of any sort then. A party constitution that aimed for Gandhian socialism and offered vague promises of a uniform civil code and nationalism didn’t excite many. Everything else that would propel the party in later years was to be opportunistic add-ons to the ideology. The founding leaders, Advani and Vajpayee, would have been shocked if you told them what the party would be like, four decades later.The 80s: A Million Mutinies Now1981This year witnessed a gradual shift away from doctrinaire socialism in economic policymaking. “The Indira Gandhi government lifted restrictions on the expansion of production, permitted new private borrowing abroad, and continued the liberalisation of import controls,” wrote Walter Anderson. The government also “allowed” some price rises, leading to increased production of key input materials. The government also permitted foreign companies to compete in drilling rights in India. All in all, a year that witnessed changes for the better. 1982The great textile strike of Bombay in 1982 was inevitable. The trade unions had gotten so powerful that there was a competitive race to the bottom on who could be more militant. Datta Samant emerged intent on breaking the monopoly of RMMS on the city's workers. And he did this with ever spiralling demands from mill owners in a sector that was already bloated with overheads and facing competition from far eastern economies. There was no way to meet these demands. The owners locked the mills and left. Never to come back. The old, abandoned mills remained. The workers remained. Without jobs, without prospects and with kids who grew up angry and unemployed. The rise of Shiv Sena, political goondaism and a malevolent form of underworld followed. Bombay changed forever. It was all inevitable.1983The Nellie massacre in Assam and the Dhilwan bus massacre in Punjab represent the year 1983. Things seemed really dark back then. It seemed that the doomsayers would be proved right about India. Eventually, though, the Indian Republic prevailed. 1984Her Sikh bodyguards assassinated India Gandhi. The botched Punjab policy of the previous five years came a full circle with it. An unforgivable backlash against innocent Sikhs followed. A month later, deadly gas leaked out of a Union Carbide factory in Bhopal, killing and paralysing thousands. 1984 will rank among the worst years of our republic. There were two silver linings in retrospect. One, we would learn to manage secessionist movements better from the harrowing Punjab experience. Two, had Indira continued, would we have had 1991? Our guess is no.1985This was an eventful year in retrospect. Texas Instruments set up shop in Bangalore. It was to begin one of modern India’s true success stories on the world stage. This was also the year when the Anti-defection law transformed the relationship between the voter and her representative. Political parties became all-powerful, and people’s representatives were reduced to political party agents. We have written about this changing dynamic here. This was also the year when the then commerce minister, VP Singh, visited Malaysia. The visit was significant for India because it served as a reference point for Singh when he visited that country again in 1990, now as the Prime minister. Surprised by Malaysia’s transformation in five years, he asked his team to prepare a strategy paper for economic reforms. This culminated in the “M” document, which became a blueprint for reforms when the time for the idea eventually came in 1991.1986Who is a citizen of India?  This vexing question roiled Assam in the early 80s. The student union protests against the widespread immigration of Bangladeshis turned violent, and things had turned ugly by 1985. The Assam accord of 1985 sought to settle the state's outstanding issues,, including deporting those who arrived after 1971 and a promise to amend the Citizenship Act. The amended Citizenship Act of 1986 restricted the citizenship of India to those born before 1987 only if either of their parents were born in India. That meant children of couples who were illegal immigrants couldn’t be citizens of India simply by virtue of their birth in India. That was that, or so we thought.But once you’ve amended the definition of who can be a citizen of India, you have let the genie out. The events of 2019 will attest to that.1987Rajiv Gandhi’s ill-fated attempt to replicate Indira Gandhi’s success through military intervention in another country began in 1987. In contrast to the 1971 involvement, where Indian forces had the mass support of the local populace, the Indian Peacekeeping Force (IPKF) got itself embroiled in a bitter Sri Lankan civil war. Not only did this involvement end in a failure, it eventually led to Rajiv Gandhi’s brutal murder in a terrorist attack. The policy lesson internalised by the strategic community was that India must stay far away from developing and deploying forces overseas.1988Most government communication is propaganda in disguise. However, there are those rare occasions when government messaging transcends the ordinary. In 1988, we saw that rare bird during the peak era of a single government channel running on millions of black and white TV sets across India. A government ad that meant something to all of us and that would remain with us forever. Mile Sur Mera Tumhara got everything right - the song, the singers, the storyline and that ineffable thing called the idea of India. No jingoism, no chest beating about being the best country in the world and no soppy sentimentalism. Just a simple message - we might all sing our own tunes, but we are better together. This is a timeless truth. No nation in history has become better by muting the voice of a section of their own people. Mile Sur Mera Tumhara, Toh Sur Bane Hamara, indeed.  19891989 will be remembered as the year when the Indian government capitulated to the demands of Kashmiri terrorists in the Rubaiya Sayeed abduction case. It would spark off a series of kidnappings and act as a shot in the arm of radicals. 1990VP Singh dusted off the decade-long copy of the Mandal Commission report and decided to implement it. This wasn’t an ideological revolution. It was naked political opportunism. However, three decades later, the dual impact of economic reforms and social engineering has increased social mobility than ever before. Merit is still a matter of debate in India. But two generations of affirmative action in many of the progressive states have shown the fears of merit being compromised were overblown. The task is far from finished, but Mandal showed that sometimes you need a big bang to get things going, even if your intentions were flawed.1990 also saw the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits (KPs) from the valley. A tragedy that would bookend a decade of strife and violence in India. The only lesson one should draw from the sad plight of KPs is that the State and the people must protect minority rights. We’re not sure that’s what we have taken away from it. And that’s sad.The 90s: Correcting The Course1991With the benefit of hindsight, the 1991 economic reforms seem inevitable. But things could well have been different. In the minority government, powerful voices advocated in favour of debt restructuring instead of wholesale reforms. In the end, the narrative that these changes were merely a continuation—and not abandonment—of Nehru and Indira Gandhi’s vision for India carried the day. This political chicanery deserves some credit for transforming the life of a billion Indians. 1992Harshad Mehta scammed the stock markets. It wasn’t a huge scam. Nor did it hurt the ordinary Indians. Fewer than 1% invested in markets back then. Yet, the scam did something important. It set in motion a series of reforms that made our capital markets stronger and safer for ordinary investors. Notably, over the years, Mehta came to be seen as some kind of robber baron figure. Capitalism needed an anti-hero to catch the imagination of people. Someone who could reprise in the 90s the Bachchan-esque angry young man roles of the 70s. Mehta might not have been that figure exactly, but he helped a generation transition to the idea that greed could indeed be good.Also, Babri Masjid was brought down by a mob of kar sevaks in 1992. It will remain a watershed moment in our history. The Supreme Court judgement of 2019 might be the final judicial word on it. But we will carry the scars for a long time.1993The tremors of the demolition of the Babri Masjid were felt in 1993. Twelve bombs went off in Bombay on one fateful day. The involvement of the city’s mafia groups was established. The tragic event finally led to the government rescuing the city from the underworld. Not to forget, the Bombay underworld directly resulted from government policies such as prohibition and gold controls. 1994One of the great acts of perversion in our democracy was the blatant abuse of Section 356 of the constitution that allowed the union to dismiss a state government at the slightest pretext. Indira Gandhi turned this into an art form. S. R. Bommai, whose government in Karnataka was dismissed in this manner in 1988, took his case up to the Supreme Court. In 1994, the court delivered a verdict that laid out the guidelines to prevent the abuse of Section 356. It is one of the landmark judgments of the court and restored some parity in Union and state relationship.Article 356 has been used sparingly since. We are a better democracy because of it.1995India joined the WTO, and the first-ever mobile phone call was made this year. But 1995 will forever be remembered as the year when Ganesha idols started drinking milk. This event was a precursor to the many memes, information cascades, and social proofs that have become routine in the information age. 1996Union budgets in India are occasions for dramatic policy announcements. It is a mystery why a regular exercise of presenting the government's accounts should become a policy event. But that’s the way we roll. In 1996 and 1997, P. Chidambaram presented them as the FM of a weak ragtag coalition called the United Front. But he presented two budgets for the ages. The rationalisation of income tax slabs and the deregulation of interest rates created a credit culture that led to the eventual consumption boom in the next decade. We still carry that consumption momentum.1997The creation of the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) is an important public policy milestone for India. By no means perfect, the setting up of TRAI helped overturn a norm where government departments were both players and umpires. TRAI made the separation of “steering” and “rowing” functions a new normal. That template has been copied in several sectors thereafter, most recently in the liberalisation of the space sector. 1998India did Pokhran 2, which gave it the capability to build thermonuclear weapons. We faced sanctions and global condemnation. But the growing economy and a sizeable middle class meant those were soon forgotten. Economic might can let you get away with a lot. We have seen it happen to us, but it is a lesson we don’t understand fully.Also, in 1998, Sonia Gandhi jumped into active politics. The Congress that was ambling towards some sort of internal democracy decided to jettison it all and threw its weight behind the dynasty. It worked out for them for a decade or so. But where are they now? Here’s a question. What if Sonia didn’t join politics then? Congress might have split. But who knows, maybe those splinters might have coalesced in the future with a leader chosen by the workers. And we would have had a proper opposition today with a credible leader.1999This was a landmark year for public policy. For the first time, a union government-run company was privatised wholly. We wrote about the three narratives of disinvestment here. 2000We have a weak, extended and over-centralised state. And to go with it, we have large, unwieldy states and districts that make the devolution of power difficult. In 2000, we created three new states to facilitate administrative convenience. On balance, it has worked well. Despite the evidence, we have managed to create only one more state since. The formation of Telangana was such a political disaster that it will take a long time before we make the right policy move of having smaller states. It is a pity.The 2000s: The Best Of Times2001Not only was the Agra Summit between Musharraf and Vajpayee a dud, but it was followed by a terrorist attack on the Indian parliament. It confirmed a pattern: PM-level bilateral meetings made the Pakistani military-jihadi complex jittery, and it invariably managed to spike such moves with terrorist attacks. 2002There was Godhra and the riots that followed. What else is there to say?2003The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act and the Civil Services Pension Reform are two policy successes with many lessons for future policymakers. We have discussed these on many occasions. 2004The NDA government called for an early election, confident about its prospects. India Shining, its campaign about how good things were, wasn’t too far from the truth. It is how many of us felt during that time. The NDA government had sustained the reform momentum of the 90s with some of the best minds running the key departments. Its loss was unexpected. Chandrababu Naidu, a politician who fashioned himself like a CEO, was taken to the cleaners in Andhra Pradesh. Apparently, economic reforms didn’t get you votes. The real India living in villages was angry at being left out. That was the lesson for politicians from 2004. Or, so we were told.Such broad narratives with minimal factual analysis backing them have flourished in the public policy space. There is no basis for them. The loss of NDA in 2004 came down to two states. Anti-incumbency in Andhra Pradesh where a resurgent Congress under YS Reddy beat TDP, a constituent of NDA. TDP lost by similar margins (in vote share %) across the state in all demographics in both rural and urban areas. There was no rural uprising against Naidu because of his tech-savvy, urban reformist image. Naidu lost because the other party ran a better campaign. Nothing else. The other mistake of the NDA was in choosing to partner with the ruling AIADMK in Tamil Nadu (TN) over DMK. TN was famous for not giving split verdicts. It swung to extremes between these two parties in every election. And that’s what happened as AIADMK drew a blank.Yet, the false lesson of 2004 has played on the minds of politicians since. We haven’t gotten back on track on reforms in the true sense. 2005The Right to Information Act and the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act came into force in 2005. The “right to X” model of governance took root.2006In March 2006, George W Bush visited India and signed the Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement with Manmohan Singh. From facing sanctions in 1998 for Pokhran 2 to the 123 Agreement, this was a victory for Indian diplomacy and its rising status in the world. You would think this would have had bipartisan support among the political class in India. Well, the Left that was part of UPA and the BJP that worked on the deal when it was in power, opposed it. Many shenanigans later, the deal was passed in the parliament in 2008. It is often said there’s no real ideological divide among parties in India. This view can be contested on various grounds. But events like the opposition to the nuclear deal make you wonder if there are genuine ideological positions on key policy issues in India. Many sound policy decisions are opposed merely for the sake of it. Ideology doesn’t figure anywhere. 2007It was the year when the Left parties were out-lefted. In Singur and Nandigram, protests erupted over land acquisition for industrial projects. The crucible of the resulting violence created a new political force. As for the investment, the capital took a flight to other places. The tax on capital ended up being a tax on labour. Businesses stayed away from West Bengal. The citadel of Left turned into its mausoleum.2008Puja Mehra in her book The Lost Decade traces the origin of India losing its way following the global financial crisis to the Mumbai terror attack of 2008. Shivraj Patil, the home minister, quit following the attack and Chidambaram was shifted from finance to fill in. For reasons unknown, Pranab Mukherjee, a politician steeped in the 70s-style-Indira-Gandhi socialism, was made the FM. Mehra makes a compelling case of how that one decision stalled reforms, increased deficit and led to runaway inflation over the next three years. Till Chidambaram was brought back to get the house in order, it was too late, and we were halfway into a lost decade. It is remarkable how bad policies always seem easy to implement while good policies take ages to get off the blocks.2009The Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) was established in January 2009 to architect a unique digital identity for persons in a country where low rates of death and birth registrations made fake and duplicate identities a means for corruption and denial of service. Under the Modi government, the digital identity — Aadhaar — became the fulcrum of several government services. This project also set the stage for later projects such as the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and Abha (Health ID).2010There’s petty corruption everywhere in India. It is pervasive. Not surprisingly, it is one political issue leading to mass movements in India. The anti-corruption mood gripped India in 2010 on the back of the 2G spectrum scam, where the chief accountant of the government claimed a notional loss of about Rs. 1.8 trillion to the exchequer. Auctioning of natural resources wasn’t exactly a transparent process then. It was evident there was a scam in the allotment of the 2G spectrum. But the 1.8 trillion number was a wild exaggeration that anyone with a semblance of business understanding could see through. It didn’t matter. That number caught the imagination. UPA 2 never recovered from it. More importantly, the auction policy for resources was distorted forever. We still suffer the consequences.The 2010s: Missed Opportunity2011India’s last case of wild poliovirus was detected in 2011. Until about the early 1990s, an average of 500 to 1000 children got paralysed daily in India. The original target for eradication was the year 2000. Nevertheless, we got there eleven years later. India’s pulse polio campaign has since become a source of confidence for public policy execution in India. We internalised the lesson that the Indian government can sometimes deliver through mission mode projects. 2012If you cannot solve a vexing public policy issue, turn it into a Right. It won’t work, but it will seem like you’ve done everything. After years of trying to get the national education policy right, the government decided it was best to make education a fundamental right in the Constitution. Maybe that will make the problem go away. A decade later, nothing has changed, but we have an additional right to feel good about.2013This year saw the emergence of AAP as a political force via the anti-corruption movement. AAP combines the classic elements of what makes a political party successful in India - statist instincts, focus on aam aadmi issues, populism and ideological flexibility. Importantly, it is good at telling its own version of some future utopia rather than questioning the utopia of others. 2014The BJP came to power with many promises; the most alluring of them was ‘minimum government, maximum governance’. Over the past eight years it has claimed success in meeting many of its promises, but even its ardent supporters won’t claim any success on minimum government. In fact, it has gone the other way. That a party with an immensely popular PM, election machinery that rivals the best in the world, and virtually no opposition cannot shake us off our instinctive belief in the State's power never ceases to surprise us.2015The murder of a person by a mob on the charges of eating beef was the first clear indication of the upsurge of a new violent, majoritarian polity. It was also one of the early incidents in India of radically networked communities using social media for self-organisation. Meanwhile, 2015 also witnessed the signing of a landmark boundary agreement between India and Bangladesh, which ended the abomination called the third-order enclave. The two States exchanged land peacefully, upholding the principle that citizen well-being trumps hardline interpretations of territorial integrity. 2016There will be many case studies written in future about demonetisation. Each one of them will end with a single conclusion. Public policy requires discussion and consensus, not stealth and surprise. We hope we have learnt our lesson from it.2017Until 2017, many in India still held the hope of a modus vivendi with China. Some others were enamoured by the Chinese model of governance. However, the Doklam crisis in 2017, and the Galwan clashes in 2020, changed all that. Through this miscalculation, China alienated a full generation of Indians, led to better India-US relations, and energised India to shift focus away from merely managing a weak Pakistan, and toward raising its game for competing with a stronger adversary. For this reason, we wrote a thank you note to Xi Jinping here. 2018It took years of efforts by the LGBTQ community to get Section 377 scrapped. In 2018, they partially won when the Supreme Court diluted Section 377 to exclude all kinds of adult consensual sexual behaviour. The community could now claim equal constitutional status as others. There’s still some distance to go for the State to acknowledge non-heterosexual unions and provide for other civil rights to the community. But the gradual acceptance of the community because of decriminalisation is a sign that our society doesn’t need moral policing or lectures to judge what’s good for it.2019The J&K Reorganisation Act changed the long-standing political status quo in Kashmir. Three years on, the return to political normalcy and full statehood still awaits. While a response by Pakistan was expected, it was China that fomented trouble in Ladakh, leading to the border clashes in 2020. 2020We have written multiple pieces on farm laws in the past year. The repeal of these laws, which were fundamentally sound because of a vocal minority, is the story of public policy in India. Good policies are scuttled because of the absence of consultation, an unclear narrative, opportunistic politicking or plain old hubris. We write this newsletter in the hope of changing this. 2021The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic left behind many bereaved families. People are still trying to pick up the pieces. The sadness was also interrupted by frustration because of the delays in getting the vaccination programme going. India benefited immensely from domestic vaccine manufacturing capability in the private sector. Despite many twists and turns in vaccine pricing and procurements, the year ended with over 1 billion administered doses. In challenging times, the Indian State, markets, and society did come together to fight the pandemic. So, here we are. In the 75th independent year of this beautiful, fascinating and often exasperating nation. We are a work in progress. We might walk slowly, but we must not walk backwards. May we all live in a happy, prosperous and equal society. Thanks for reading Anticipating the Unintended! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support our work. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit publicpolicy.substack.com

Our guests are the legendary Raqs Media Collective, formed in New Delhi in 1992, by Monica Narula, Jeebesh Bagchi and Shuddhabrata Sengupta. I like to call them intellectuals-at-large, but their production ranges from artistic to curatorial projects, from theoretical to educational works. The collective also co-founded Sarai—the inter-disciplinary and incubatory space at the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies.You'll hear their unique blend of thinking on technologies and media, from surveillance to bureaucratic interfaces as deeply embedded in societal dynamics; and we'll get to explore together how they have been producing knowledge as artists. The tidal changes in image cultures; how digital technologies are intertwined with urban infrastructures; how the poetic is also the political; and ultimately the significance of languages are a few of the things that are lingering in my mind and provoking further thoughts after this conversation.EPISODE NOTES & LINKSBased in New Delhi, Raqs Media Collective comprises three practitioners: Jeebesh Bagchi, Monica Narula, and Shuddhabrata Sengupta. For the past three decades, the Collective has been concerned with urbanism, epistemology, technology, globalization, and the experience of time. Drawing upon critical theory and political philosophy, their work is marked by active inquiry, double-meanings, pluralism, and entanglement. https://www.raqsmediacollective.net/Sarai is among South Asia's most prominent and productive platforms for research and reflection on the transformation of urban space and contemporary realities, especially with regard to cities, data and information, law, and media infrastructures. https://sarai.net/about/Initiated by Ankur: Society for Alternatives in Education, Delhi, and Sarai-CSDS, Delhi in the year 2001 Cybermohalla is a network of dispersed labs for experimentation and exploration among young working-class individuals https://sarai.net/projects/cybermohalla/.The first Cybermohalla took place in LNJP (Lok Nayak Jarai Prakash), an informal settlement in Central Delhi.Parda-darii is a noun in Hindu meaning play of the veil, removing the veil, revealing the truth, and revealment of secrets.Can has written on the design of Cybermohalla Hub, in relation to his ‘Setting a Setting' idea.https://www.academia.edu/5980837/_Setting_and_Remaking_in_Cybermohalla_Hub_eds_Hirsch_N_and_S_Sarda_Berlin_Sternberg_Press_2012Curated by Raqs Media Collective “In the Open or In Stealth” was a group exhibition that has taken place at MACBA in 2018-2019 about the concept of a future in which multiple histories and geographies were placed in dialogue. https://www.macba.cat/en/exhibitions-activities/exhibitions/open-or-stealthThe Walker Art Center is a multidisciplinary contemporary art center in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. https://walkerart.org/visitEstablished by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kaijima in Tokyo, Atelier Bow-Wow is an architecture firm. http://www.bow-wow.jp/Taken place in Walker Art center in 2003, How Latitudes Become Forms: Art in a Global Age was an exhibition about ways that globalization, or the “new internationalism in art” is affecting visual culture. https://walkerart.org/calendar/2003/how-latitudes-become-forms-art-in-a-global-agHow Latitudes Become Forms has a vintage website that constitutes substantial archival material about the project. http://latitudes.walkerart.org/overview/index.htmlFatwa is a ruling on a point of Islamic law given by a recognized authority.Abhinavagupta (c. 950 – 1016 CE) was a philosopher, mystic, and aesthetician from Kashmir. He was also considered an influential musician, poet, dramatist, exegete, theologian, and logician – a polymathic personality who exercised strong influences on Indian culture. William Shakespeare used more than 20,000 words in his plays and poems, and his works provide the first recorded use of over 1,700 words in the English language. https://www.shakespeare.org.uk/explore-shakespeare/shakespedia/shakespeares-words/Submitted by Rohana Khattak, a sixteen-year-old reader of the New York Times from, Islamabad, Pakistan to the newspaper's Invent a Word Challenge, “Oblivionnaire” refers to a billionaire who chooses to be blind to the disparity and inequality that his or her wealth is creating.“Khullja Sim Sim” translates as “Open Sesame” in English, and “Açıl Susam Açıl” in Turkish. It is a magical phrase in the story of "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves" and in Antoine Galland's version of One Thousand and One Nights. It opens the mouth of a cave in which forty thieves have hidden a treasure.Nishastagah is a Hindu word referring to a place not (yet, ever) inhabited by memory. In response to the passage of the Citizenship Act on 11 December 2019 and the ensuing police intervention against students at Jamia Millia Islamia who were opposing the Amendment, the Shaheen Bagh protest was a peaceful sit-in protest in Delhi, India, that began on 15 December 2019 and lasted until 24 March 2020.The permanently lost 16mm film, “Half the Night left, and the Universe to Comprehend” is Raqs Media Collective's first work. In the Hindu epic the Mahabharata, Ashwatthama was a Maharathi warrior who became a Chiranjivi (immortal) due to a curse given to him by the god of protection, compassion, tenderness, and love, Krishna.In the essay titled dictionary of war by Raqs Media Collective Ashwatthama is described both as an omnipresent immaterial entity that acts as a propagator of war while tracing his essence within the essence of human subjectivity. http://dictionaryofwar.org/node/894Mahendra Raj (1924 - 2022) was a structural engineer and designer who contributed to the structural design of many buildings in India including the Hall of Nations at the Pragati Maidan in Delhi.Opened in 1972, the Hall of Nations was a building designed by architect Raj Rewal, and structurally engineered by Mahendra Raj. The structure was demolished in April 2017 to make way for a new complex.The essay that Jabeesh mentions while referring to Mahendra Raj is titled Living with the Future in South Asia by Chris Moffat. https://www.publicbooks.org/modernist-architecture-heritage-south-asia-pragati-maidan/This season of Ahali Conversations is supported by the Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts. The Graham provides project-based grants to foster the development and exchange of diverse and challenging ideas about architecture and its role in the arts, culture, and society. This episode was also supported by a Moon & Stars Project Grant from the American Turkish Society.This episode was recorded on Zoom on May 17th, 2022. Interview by Can Altay. Produced by Aslı Altay & Sarp Renk Özer. Music by Grup Ses.

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// Support/Follow the Show! Online at janchishow.comSupport the show at janchishow.com/support Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram: @janchishowJoin our Group! janchishow.com/afterparty Watch our Youtube Videos The Janchi Show Quick BioWe're three Korean Adoptees spread out around America and each of us are at different stages in life. We'll talk about the Korean adoptee experience from our perspectives and learn more about our shared culture, usually with food. And it won't just be the three of us; each week we'll have other adoptees from all over the world joining us to talk about what makes us similar and what makes us unique. So join the party!// Meet the Janchi Boys!Nathan NowackNathan was adopted from Seoul at 5 months old and raised in a small town in Oklahoma by a loving family and non-biological adopted sister.  After college in Colorado he later moved to Los Angeles to pursue a digital media career and eventually started 2 photography companies.  He has a wife and 3 kids and has reconnected with his biological family in 2014.  In 2021, Nathan and his family moved back to Colorado to be closer to family and start a new chapter in their lives. Connect with Nathan! Website: http://www.nathannowack.com LinkedIn: http://linkedin.com/in/nathann/ Instagram: http://instagram.com/nowackphoto Patrick ArmstrongPatrick was adopted from Seoul by a white family in Indiana. He is also the president and co-founder of All Times Are Local, a Chicago-based nonprofit focused on helping older foster youth. He attended college at Purdue University in West Lafayette and currently resides in Indianapolis. Connect with Patrick! Website: http://www.alltimesarelocal.org LinkedIn: http://linkedin/in/patrickarmstrong219 Instagram: http://instagram.com/patrickintheworld K.J. RoelkeKJ was adopted from Daegu and raised in Dallas, Texas with his two biological, older siblings and his younger sister, adopted from Russia. After spending a decade in the Midwest for college and career, he and his wife are back in Dallas and living large! He has been on his journey of discovery since 2015 and spends his days populating the internet with content.Connect with K.J.! Website: http://kjroelke.online LinkedIn: http://linkedin/in/kjroelke Instagram: http://instagram.com/kjroelke // Listen to/Watch The Janchi Show on all major platforms: Apple: http://janchishow.com/apple Spotify: http://janchishow.com/spotify Youtube: http://janchishow.com/youtube // Join the Asian Podcast Network: Website: https://asianpodcastnetwork.com/ Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/asianpodcastnetwork/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/asianpodcastnetwork/  // The Janchi Show is produced by Just Like Media: Website: http://www.justlikemedia.com Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/justlikemedia Executive Producer: Jerry WonCreative Director: Michelle NamAudio & Video Engineer: K.J. Roelke & Patrick ArmstrongEpisode Artwork: Nathan Nowack

Since President Reagan signed into law the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), five presidents have supported legislation containing an amnesty for a large portion of the illegal immigrant population. All of these pieces of legislation traded amnesty for enforcement, except the most recent, the Biden-Menendez immigration bill (U.S. Citizenship Act of 2021). This bill would have... Source

On February 18, 2021 Congresswoman Linda Sanchez of California and Senator Bob Menendez of New Jersey introduced the U.S. Citizenship Act of 2021 to Congress. The bill would overhaul the U.S. immigration system, providing a pathway to citizenship for undocumented immigrants and refugees, protect immigrant workers, address the root causes of immigration, and promotes diversity. In April, Mariana Garcia Medina and Steven Nagy spoke with Congresswoman Sanchez about the lesser known elements of the bill, why the bill is so important, how the current U.S. immigration system is broken, and who stands to benefit from immigration reform. They also discussed the importance of diversity in politics and why its so important to have decision makers that reflect the communities they represent.  If you're interested in learning more about this episode, immigration resources, how to contact your representatives, or this episode's contributors, be sure to check out our new website thepriceofpolicy.wixsite.com/thepop and follow us on Instagram @thepriceofpolicy, Twitter @thepopusc and on Facebook at The Price of Policy. Resources: H.R. 1177 Find your representative CHIRLA Asian Americans Advancing Justice Legal Help Immigration Law Help Los Angeles County Office of immigrant Affairs   Contributors to this episode include Mariana Garcia Medina, Steven Nagy, and Jordy Coutin. Music by Jonah Chang and Jordy Coutin

This was a public service announcement produce for our client Caitlin Wilde for her Emerson College Capstone Project to help encourage congress to pass an Adoptee Rights Citizenship act to ensure all adoptees automatically gain citizenship. KADStories also performed two three-hour long focus group interview session with Korean Adoptees, one conducted online and the other locally in MN. KADStories is also proud to announce Ms. Wilde received a perfect grade from her professor! After being appropriately compensated through our client this video has been reuploaded through www.KADStories.com | www.KoreanAdopteeStories.com to continue to help spread awareness for this important adoptee issue. Director: Caitlin Wilde Guest: Morgen Lindquist Pladers Producer: Kyle Balitz http://www.KyleBalitz.com Composer: Travis Balitz http://www.TravisBalitz.com http://www.2uo7rax.com Original Video Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcdsZ5X2OQQ&t=67s Helpful Links: Adoptee Citizenship Act of 2021: https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/967?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22S.+967%22%5D%7D&s=1&r=1 Adoptee Citizenship Act: https://www.adopteecitizenshipact.org/ Adoptee Rights Law: https://adopteerightslaw.com/faq-adoptee-citizenship-act-2021/ ~ Key Topics Covered: 0:00 - The Story Behind U.S. Adoption of Korean Orphans 0:53 - Morgen's Citizenship Story 3:29 - Caitlin's Message for Congress to Pass the Adoptee Citizenship Act - YouTube Video Can Be Viewed Here: https://youtu.be/VbJteMzuABM ~ KONNECT with our KADS: Caitlin Wilde: FaceBook: https://www.facebook.com/caitlin.harding.52 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/minkim40 YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6jA7wtb8URVU8umOwqigtw - Morgen Lindquist Pladers TT's Facebook Support Page: https://www.facebook.com/LoveForTT ~ RESOURCES: National Suicide Prevention Hotline 24/7: 1-800-273-TALK (8255) ~~~ Interested in sharing your story? Contact us at: KoreanAdopteeStories@gmail.com Tel: 1 (651) 491-8441 Alt: krbalitz@gmail.com http://www.kadstories.com http://www.koreanadopteestories.com ~~~ LINKS: Korean Adoptee Stories: Podcast: https://anchor.fm/korean-adoptee-stories YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/KoreanAdopteeStories FaceBook: https://www.facebook.com/KoreanAdopteeStories Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/KADStories 2uo7rax: Web site: http://www.2uo7rax.com BandCamp: http://2uo7rax.bandcamp.com YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/2uo7rax Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/2uo7rax Portfolio: http://www.TravisBalitz.com http://www.KyleBalitz.com © 2021 Korean Adoptee Stories. All Rights Reserved. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/korean-adoptee-stories/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/korean-adoptee-stories/support

After sharing her emotional reaction to the House passing the Citizenship Act of 2021, Vianey Valencia went viral. Today on the DACA series, Vianey shares the story behind her tears celebrating another victory for DREAMers. Vianey opens up for the first time about experiencing bullying, family separation, and sexual harrassment. Despite all of the struggles, Vianey is a fighter and today she shares her narrative celebrating her DACA Success Story.

Moe begins today's show with his 'Moe-ment of Truth" about his initially conflicted feelings regarding the death of Rush Limbaugh.He is then joined by Claudia Flores, Senior Campaign Manager for Immigration at the Center for American Progress.The two discuss the immigration challenges that recipients of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program (DACA), also known as 'DREAMERS,' have faced in the United States.  This includes Claudia, who is a DREAMER herself.  Claudia also talks about what DREAMERs are hoping for from the Biden administration in regards to immigration policy.  Claudia's Twitter handle is @ClaudsDC.Moe's second guest is Sergio Gonzales, Executive Director for 'The Immigration Hub,' an organization dedicated to advancing fair and just immigration policies through strategic leadership, comms, legislative advocacy and partnerships.  Moe and Sergio discuss and analyze the U.S. Citizenship Act, a plan that is based on the comprehensive immigration legislation proposal that President Biden introduced on his first day in office.  The bill was released yesterday and is sponsored by Rep. Linda Sanchez (D-CA) in the House and Senator Bob Menendez (D-NJ) in the Senate.  The proposal includes an eight-year pathway to citizenship for nearly 11 million undocumented immigrants, a shorter process to legal status for agriculture workers and DREAMERS, and an enforcement plan that includes deploying technology to patrol the border. Sergio's Twitter handle is @SergGonzales.Moe's show can be heard live every Thursday from 3-4pm ET at www.spreaker.com/intheknowwithmoe.

Comprehensive coverage of the day's news with a focus on war and peace; social, environmental and economic justice. Democratic lawmakers introduce immigration reform, the U.S. Citizenship Act. Massive storm freezes infrastructure, cross country, Texas directs residents to boil water. Vice President Kamala Harris holds virtual round table about pandemic relief and women. Family of man killed by Antioch police file claim against the city, urge reform. State Senator Scott Weiner introduces two housing bills to increase development density. Photo is a screen shot of Justice for Angelo Quinto rally. The post Democratic lawmakers introduce immigration reform, the U.S. Citizenship Act; Family of man killed by Antioch police file claim against the city, urge reform appeared first on KPFA.

This week's episode was originally scheduled to be an interview with fellow adoption advocate, McLane Layton, on the need for Congress to pass the Adoptee Citizenship Act. But then, after the passing of Supreme Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, President Trump nominated Judge Amy Coney Barrett to fill the high court vacancy. The ERLC team circled up after the nomination to talk about Judge Barrett's incredible biography and inspiring career before turning to Chelsea Patterson Sobolik and Jeff Pickering's interview with Layton about this important adoption issue.Guest BiographyMcLane Layton is the Founder and President of Equality for Adopted Children (EACH). She previously served as Legislative Counsel to former U.S. Senator Don Nickles (R–Okla.) from 1990 to 2005. Layton holds a Juris Doctor from Oral Roberts University and a Masters in Psychology from George Mason University. Resources from the ConversationOn Judge Barrett and the Supreme CourtERLC's Press Release | Russell Moore affirms Amy Coney Barrett as SCOTUS Justice nomineeExplainer: What you should know about Judge Amy Coney BarrettRead Cheslea's quote in the New York Times | For Conservative Christian Women, Amy Coney Barrett's Success Is PersonalRead Jeff's article | What we can learn from the friendship of Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Antonin ScaliaOn the Adoptee Citizenship ActERLC Supports the Adoptee Citizenship ActExplainer: What you need to know about the Adoptee Citizenship ActERLC leads coalition calling for Congress to pass the bipartisan Adoptee Citizenship ActSubscribe to ERLC's Policy Newsletter

Mahatma Gandhi at the charkha, the spinning wheel, is an image that has united India since its independence in 1947. Why, in 2017, was Gandhi recast in this iconic image? Postcolonial media scholar Ishita Sinha Roy draws from her book Manufacturing Indianness to discuss how the" idea of India" has dramatically shifted as neoliberal Hindutva (Hindu-centric nationalism) has resulted in an insular definition of Indianness that is based on religious chauvinism, Islamophobia, and a populist idea of a 'pure' Hindu nation. This podcast takes examples from history, media, and popular culture to show how the transition from Gandhi to Modi, and secularism to fundamentalism has resulted in a re-writing of history to support Hindutva ideologies and make India great again.

Journalist and Author Rohini Mohan Tonight's South Asia Spotlight: Last month, the far right Hindu government, the BJP, passed the Citizenship Amendment Act or the CAA, an amendment to the 1955 Citizenship Act. This Act violates multiple sections of India's constitution by making religion a test for citizenship, specifically excluding Muslims.   The passage of the Act saw an explosion of student led protests across campuses in India, as well as mass peaceful mobilizations by civil society activists in big cities and small towns across the country. What does the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) mean for a changing India?   What is the National Register of Citizens or the NRC? Why have there been such a remarkable surge of protests not just in India but across the world including by the South Asian diaspora in the US? Listen to a conversation APEX Express producer Preeti Mangala Shekar had with journalist and author Rohini Mohan. Women Protestors At Shaheen Bagh: A remarkable aspect of the protests have been the huge leadership of women A lit up map cutout of India at Shaheen Bagh, New Delhi The post APEX Express – January 30, 2020: South Asia Spotlight: The Citizenship Amendment Act: A Conversation With Journalist Rohini Mohan appeared first on KPFA.