Podcasts about chritian

Jeff and Chritian welcome Intagram's own, Wil Harris, back to the show this week to discuss the biggest video game trailer of all time, yet another huge Game Pass remaster, variable game pricing, and more! The Playlist: Wil: Blue Prince, Expedition 33, Split Fiction, Yakuza 0, Prado Traveller Christian: DOOM: The Dark Ages  Jeff: DOOM: The Dark Ages, Revenge of the Savage Planet Parting Gifts!

May 8th, 2025Bible Heroes-JACKED UP DAILY!In this episode, Comic Book author Captain Amerighost joins us, as we discuss Bible Heroes! Whats the difference between a Super Hero and a regular Hero?Our website is www.LetsGetJackedUp.com Welcome to Jacked Up Daily with Tim, Jack, Bobby, and Karen, a dynamic daily podcast on the Fringe Radio Network. Tune in Monday through Friday at 7 AM for conservative commentary, Bible prophecy, and insights from a modern American Christian perspective. Based in Fresno, California, in the heart of the Central Valley, Jacked Up Daily brings a unique West Coast viewpoint to everything from politics and social issues to fringe topics like aliens, ghosts, and the anti-Christ. Whether discussing the rapture, end times prophecy, or offering analysis on current events, this show is perfect for your morning drive. Catch the latest episode on FringeRadioNetwork.com and join us as we explore the mysteries of the world from a bold, Christian viewpoint. Don't miss a moment of this thought-provoking and engaging show, where no topic is off-limits!FringeRadioNetwork.com LetsGetJackedup.com  E-mail us at letsgetjackedup@gmail.comFollow us on X @LetsGetJackedUp  and Facebookgo to www.StrawHatPizza.com to order your pizza if you live in Clovis or Fresno Californiamusic for this episode was from Back to the 80'shttps://youtu.be/0QKQlf8r7ls?si=dOoU1o_-HRiNm0Pv 

Seit 1997 ist Christian Schulz Pächter des „Seekrugs“ am Obersee. Vorher hat er in Bielefeld den „Pflaumenbaum“ und das „Boca Chica“ am Oberntorwall betrieben. Und die legendären „Fisch sucht Fahrrad“-Partys hat er auch organisiert.Ursprünglich hat er Geschichte und Pädagogik studiert und in den Semesterferien im Sommer als Kutscher auf Langeoog gearbeitet.

Hosted by Dr. Sarah Hensley, Specialized Social Psychologist, Attachment Theory Expert, and Founder & CEO of The Dating Decoder with Co-host Raina Butcher, Owner/CEO of Joyful Consulting, LLC.  Welcome to "The Love Doc Podcast" where Host Dr. Sarah Hensley and her co-host Raina Butcher dive deep into the intricacies of love, attraction, attachment, relationships, and self-awareness. Dr. Hensley brings a wealth of knowledge and experience to help listeners navigate the complexities of modern romance. In each episode, Dr. Hensley tackles burning questions about love, relationships, and the mind's complexities, drawing from her psychological research, real-life experiences, and her own individual expertise, to provide insightful perspectives and practical advice. Episode 18: "How to Handle the Haters." Dr. Hensley and co-host Raina Butcher respond to their first negative podcast review. The criticism accused them of only discussing heterosexual relationships and being overly focused on their Christian faith. Dr. Hensley addresses this by clarifying that attachment theory is a universal framework, unaffected by gender or sexual orientation. Whether in same-sex or opposite-sex relationships, attachment behaviors remain consistent. Though both women have shared their own experiences as heterosexuals, they emphasize their inclusivity of all genders and sexual orientations. Raina also humorously addresses a claim in the review regarding her husband's influence over her reproductive choices, setting the record straight that such decisions are entirely her own. Both hosts laughed at the assumption and used the moment to assert their independence. The episode then tackles the criticism about the role of Christianity in their podcast. Dr. Hensley acknowledges her faith but explains that she provides both spiritual and secular approaches in her coaching, respecting the beliefs of her clients. She asserts that while her faith is part of her identity, it doesn't dictate her coaching unless requested by the client. The conversation then shifts toward how to handle negative comments or "haters" in general. Dr. Hensley ties this to attachment security, highlighting the importance of not internalizing others' judgments. She shares personal stories of dealing with criticism and emphasizes the power of showing up authentically. She explains that secure attachment allows people to accept rejection without it affecting their self-worth, and that curiosity toward others' negative behavior can often reveal their own insecurities and pain. The episode concludes with Dr. Hensley's advice: Don't let the haters dictate your emotional state, and choose joy despite negativity. By embracing secure attachment, listeners can free themselves from being offended by the ignorance and hate of others.  Tune in to "The Love Doc Podcast" every Tuesday morning for candid conversations, expert guidance, and a deeper understanding of love and relationships in the modern world. To see all of Dr. Hensley's services please visit the links below and follow her on social media. Dr. Hensley's Hybrid Group Coaching: https://www.thedatingdecoder.com/group-coaching/ Book one on one with Dr. Hensley or one of her certified coaches: https://www.thedatingdecoder.com/book-appointment/ Purchase Dr. Hensley's online course: https://dating-decoder.mykajabi.com/offers/PpEPKnsM/checkout Tik-Tok: the_dating_decoder Instagram: @the_dating_decoder Facebook: The Dating Decoder Youtube: @Dr.SarahHensley What is covered: ·        The negative review and how it affected both Raina and Dr. Hensley. ·       Setting the record straight on the comments in the negative review.  ·       How attachment insecurites are not gender specific, nor sexual orientation specific.  .       How Dr. Hensley approaches her Chritian perspective within her practice.  .        The importance on achieving your attachment security when dealing with haters and/or offensiveness.  Consider/Ask Yourself ·       How are you allowing others to dictate your joy based on what they may say or think about you? ·       How often are you allowing people who may differ from you to offend you? .       How can you lean into people with more curiosity versus reactivity?  ·       Are you allowing someones narrative of you to ruminate in your own thoughts?  .       Do I need Dr. Hensley and her resources to achieve my attachment security?  

HOW TO SUSTAIN CHRITIAN MARRIAGES || TRINITY METHODIST SOCIETY || MADINA ESTATE || GHANA || MAIN CHURCH AUDITORIUM || PREACHER: VERY REV. JUSTICE GEORGE ATO MILLS-GRAVES || 7TH JULY 2024.

When the title “Chrsitian” is used today, what associations are often made? Unfortunately over recent decades “Christian” evokes images of the Jan 6 2021 capitol storming, protesting outside abortion clinics, and judgemental hypocrisy.But how did the nickname come to be in the first place?Join us as we explore how being a Chritian is a call to radical unity in a culture of divisive tribalism.

When the title “Chrsitian” is used today, what associations are often made? Unfortunately over recent decades “Christian” evokes images of the Jan 6 2021 capitol storming, protesting outside abortion clinics, and judgemental hypocrisy.But how did the nickname come to be in the first place?Join us as we explore how being a Chritian is a call to radical unity in a culture of divisive tribalism.

Join us as Pastor Troy Smothermon and guest Todd Seidenschwarz talk national debt. We hope you enjoy the show and we will see you in the next episode.

I want to begin today's episode by thanking everyone who had done a Witness Wednesday for me and shared their story. Today is the 100th Wednesday since I started doing Witness Wednesdays, and it wouldn't be possible without people being willing to share their stories. So, I thank you from the bottom of my heart. I truly feel testimonies really do help people open their hearts to God, and then He comes in and changes hearts! Today I am sharing more witnesses from the popwe.org website. I love that Matthew West and his dad have this website where we can go and read all these testimonies of how God has changed people's lives! Today, I chose to do healing testimonies because Encounter School of Ministry Boston Campus is doing a healing Service at St. Margaret's Church in Burlington, MA, at 6:30. So I thought healing testimonies would be good for today. There are five different testimonies, and although they all have to do with someone being healed, they are not all the same. I hope as you listen to more and more testimonies, it will build your faith as to what God can do in your life too. He can heal your loved ones. He can bring your loved ones back to the church. He can take away that illness, that disorder, that anxiety, that alcoholism. Whatever it is, God can help. Bring it to Him and believe He can help. I hope you enjoy the testimonies this morning and if you get a chance, go on the popwe.org sight and read some of the testimonies. Share some on your social media pages so we can build other people's faith too. God is doing so many good things, and people are not hearing about them.GOD OF THE IMPOSSIBLE:  When I was a baby, I was diagnosed with RSV. If you are unfamiliar with this disease, it is a cold for adults but can result in a baby's death. After spending a long time on a ventilator in the hospital, the doctors said that there was no hope. They said I wasn't supposed to live. They said I wasn't supposed to breathe. They said I wasn't supposed to walk. Well, guess what? Seventeen years later, I'm a living, breathing, walking miracle redeemed by His love, power, and grace! In the words of Matthew, “We serve a God who turns impossible into living, breathing, walking miracles!”IMPERFECTNESS:  Hi! I am a 15 year old (almost 16). I was diagnosed with an anxiety disorder when I was in 7th grade. Since then, I have had so many breakdowns and freak-out moments when I spiral and get into my own head and can't get out. I have obsessive thoughts. I finally got out of counseling, and after much hard work, I have been able to shut off my thoughts. And that makes me very happy. I finally feel like I have some level of control over my life and my feelings.Trusting God and learning about Him always makes me feel better. I turn to him in hard times and pray. He hears me and comes to help me. I listen to Matthew West's songs daily. Me and my twin brothers are big fans. We LOVE his songs, and as someone who wears her emotions on her sleeves, I really feel everything. From his song “Imperfections” to the first Matthew West song I ever heard, which was “Truth Be Told.” At the time, I was going through having obsessive thoughts and breakdowns and a lot of self-doubt. His music really helped. I'm a much healthier and kinder person to myself and others all thanks to fellowship and God and Matthew's music. And I am always gonna be thankful for music and God.KORINA: My life is one that I am truly grateful for. God, I know He has brought me through many turbulent times, and He has never failed me. I came from an abusive background as a child. I dealt with mental, physical, and sexual abuse. I made it through those years. I married and had my first child at 18. My son suffered a brain injury at birth. I did my best to raise him with little help.I had another child at 21, and life just moved along. When I was 25, I had a lump in my neck that kept growing. I went in to have surgery to have my thyroid removed. They thought I had a goiter. Turns out I had a malignant tumor. Further tests showed that it was Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Cancer! I had little support from my husband through my treatments. Other families tried to help when they could. After many surgeries and treatments, I was cancer-free.I then divorced my husband and started over with my children. I met someone a few years later and had another baby. A girl that the doctors said I would not be able to have after my treatments. But God said, “Yes, you can!” Life moved on. Cancer struck again. I was 45 and was diagnosed with Nodular Malignant Melanoma. I was devastated. “Not again!” I screamed, I yelled, and I had a pity party for myself. I told God I couldn't do this again. I had already been through enough! I couldn't do treatments again. I then wiped my tears and moved on. The surgery was all I needed for this cancer. It hadn't spread! Thank you, God. Today I am grateful for my life. My first cancer was found early enough for survival. It's been 30 years now! I'm a grandma to 2 wonderful grandchildren. My 3 children are doing well. GOD is my rock. He never fails me. He has always shown me how to find the light in my darkest hours!Heather: My husband John was in a car accident when he was 4 years old. He died three times on the way to the hospital and was revived. He was placed in a medically induced coma and was told he wouldn't be able to walk again or live a normal life. He had a severe brain injury.Today he is 31, walking and living a normal life. He was told he would have to graduate with a special education diploma, but he was able to get his regular high school diploma. He rides dirt bikes, drives semi trucks and we even have a new baby together. He beat all of the odds of the doctors, and we know it was only by God that he is completely fine today.Jeffry:  My name is Jeffry, and my story started 15 years ago. I was in my 12th recovery in-patient 30-day stay for depression and cutting myself. I hated my life as a drunk, but while I was drinking for years, I also would stay sober on my own for a year or 2, and I would run a marathon or 2. I have run 8 marathons, including Boston, 2 times (the 98th and the 100th).So, I was in my 12th in-patient treatment center, and this lady that I didn't know (I call her my guardian angel) gave me a church flyer for Kensington Church. I went the first Sunday, and in a one-hour service, God took away my complete desire to drink alcohol.  On August 10, 2023, I will celebrate 15 years of complete sobriety from anything not prescribed by my doctor.  Plus, I still volunteer at Kensington as a greeter, and I also volunteer as a coffee maker and other jobs at Celebrate Recovery. I also volunteer for contemporary Christian concerts; I have done 9 already this year, including Matthew West in Zeeland, MI. I love Jesus, and He is the head of my life today.Thank you so much to Korina, Heather, Jeffry, and the first two people who shared their testimonies. I don't know if you will ever hear this episode, but I hope you know how much your story and your testimony will help others deepen their faith enough to believe that God can help them, too. Your testimonies will give them hope that God can do for them what He did for you or for your loved ones. It isn't easy to be vulnerable and share your personal stories with the entire world on the internet. Yet you were brave and did it anyway so that your story could help someone else. Thank you!

For Black History Month, historian, author, and speaker Jemar Tisby joins Latasha Morrison and Jefferson Jones on the Be the Bridge Podcast. This full conversation brings wisdom, context, and encouragement as they talk about current headlines, the importance of context in history, white Chritian nationalism, navigating church, and more. Jemar wraps up the conversation by saying, “God makes His biggest moves with the smallest resources. So hang in there.” And ultimately that is what we hope this episode reminds you - God is at work and together we can persevere. Join in the conversation on our social media pages on Facebook and Instagram and LinkedIn to let us know your thoughts on this episode!  Host & Executive Producer - Latasha Morrison Senior Producer - Lauren C. Brown Producer, Editor, & Music - Travon Potts with Integrated Entertainment Studios Assistant Producer & Transcriber - Sarah Connatser Sign up for the Be the Bridge Newsletter Become a Donor of Be the Bridge Shop the Be the Bridge Online Shop

Every day Christians in America read scripture out of context and begin to infer their own ideas of what it says and who God is based on their own presuppositions. This is the Danger Zone! In order to truly know God we must Fully understand what the inspired authors of scripture intended their words to mean. Just like any conversation, Context is EVERYTHING! Explore the true context of scripture with Warrior Faith Leaders each week!Was this helpful? Let us know!www.christiankarate.us/contactSupport the Podcast!www.christiankarate.us/donate

Episódio originalmente publicado em 02/03/2012. No 32º episódio do Podcast mais Rock'n Roll da internet Rômulo Konzen, Daniel Iserhard e Douglas Renner e Chritian heit batem papo sobre a influência do Diabo no Rock.   Trilha sonora do podcast (na ordem): Raul Seixas - Rock Do Diabo Iron Maiden - The Number Of The Beast Roling Stones - Simpathy For The Devil Black Sabbath -N.I.B. Ozzy Osbourne - Mr Crowley The Eagles - Hotel California AC/DC - Highway To Hell Black Sabbath - Black Sabbath

Episódio originalmente publicado em 09/03/2012. No 33º episódio do Podcast mais Rock'n Roll da internet Rômulo Konzen, Daniel Iserhard, Douglas Renner, Chritian heit e Lucas White batem papo sobre a carreira do Dream Theater.   Trilha sonora do podcast (na ordem): Dream Theater - Metropolis Dream Theater - A Fortune In Lies Dream Theater - Take The Time Dream Theater - Voices Dream Theater - A Change Of Seasons Dream Theater - New Millennium Dream Theater - Overture 1928 / Strange Deja Vu Dream Theater - About To Crash Dream Theater - This Dying Soul Dream Theater - I Walk Beside You Dream Theater - Constant Motion Dream Theater - A Rite Of Passage Dream Theater - Breaking All Illusions

Episódio originalmente publicado em 16/03/2012. No 33º episódio do Podcast mais Rock'n Roll da internet Rômulo Konzen, Daniel Iserhard, Douglas Renner, Chritian heit e Giuliano Iannareli batem papo sobre a carreira do Iron Maiden.   Trilha sonora do podcast (na ordem): Iron Maiden - Judas Be My Guide Iron Maiden - Prowler Iron Maiden - Wrathchild Iron Maiden - Run To The Hills Iron Maiden - Flight Of Icarus Iron Maiden - Aces High Iron Maiden - Wasted Years Iron Maiden - Can I Play With Madness Iron Maiden - Holy Smoke Iron Maiden - Lord Of The Flies Iron Maiden - The Clansman Iron Maiden - Out Of The Silent Planet Iron Maiden - Dance Of Death Iron Maiden - The Reicarnation Of Benjamin Breeg Iron Maiden - Mother Of Mercy

Instagram- @riarealtalkFacebook- https://www.facebook.com/riarealtalkpodcast/followersThreads- @realriatalk TThis podcast is also available of these listening platforms: Spreaker, iTunes, Google Podcast, Castbox & Spotify.

Internet Archive: Digital Library of Free & Borrowable Books, Movies, Music & Wayback MachineCAFETERIA CATHOLICS COME HOME (spreaker.com)

Memorial of Saints Cyril, monk, and Methodius, bishop Memorial of Saints Cyril and Methodius, bishops Mk 8:14-21The disciples had forgotten to bring bread, and they had only one loaf with them in the boat. Jesus enjoined them, "Watch out, guard against the leaven of the Pharisees and the leaven of Herod."

www.cafeteriacatholicscomehome.comhttps://reginaprophetarum.org/#/

There's an election in a few days—how should you vote? In this episode Mike shares his take on how to pick the right candidates and puts the question of how a Chritian should vote to the test.

Christian Barba, junto a su compañera Berta llevan adelante el blog www.nosflipaviajar.com en donde publican articulos sobre los viajes que realizan. Juntos o por separado conocieron Senegal, Costa Rica, Estados Unidos, Canadá, China, Marruecos, Vietnam, Japón e Indonesia entre muchos otros destinos. En este episodio, Christian, comparte la ruta que realizaron por este último país. Para conocer mas sobre los viajes de Chritian y Berta hace clic en https://www.instagram.com/nosflipaviajar Seguí a Guia de Viajes en Instagram desde https://www.instagram.com/guiadeviajespodcast Y no te olvides de suscribirte, que es gratis y ayuda un montón a la visibilidad del podcast. Lo mismo si lo calificas con 5 estrellitas.

The Commemoration of All the Faithful Departed (All Souls)Jn 6:37-40"For this is the will of my Father,that everyone who sees the Son and believes in himmay have eternal life,and I shall raise him on the last day.”

Word Thursday VANITY is (among other things) when we elevate the ultimately valueless in our lives over the inherently meaningful things in our lives. We all have a cross to carry. Don't carry yours alone! https://betterdaily.live

Hey guys! Happy summer! This episode shares a recap of my crazy life lately and the plans I have for achieving all my summer goals!

Are you having church is a few of you are watching TV each Sunday week together? Or maybe you do it alone? Is that church? Only 35 percent nationally of those who left church in the pandemic ever came back. The Apostle John said if they leave, it shows they were never really with you. That's kind of harsh but it's BIble. In the meantime a whole new groups has come. It's time to hear truth about who these kids are and what it will take to go and reach them. Also, Mellinnials, Generation Z and Generation ALPHA (those that are 10 and under but not finished being born.) This group is just two generations from being a huministic athiestic socieity. It's what happened to Europe. Baby Boomes are more than 35 percent Christian. Gen X is 16 percent Christian. Mellinnialls are less than 4 persent Chrisitian. Gen Z is reportedly less than 1 percent Chritian adding them to the list of 7400 unreached people groups, right here in America. And I shutter to think of where that leaves alpha without any role models. BUT I AM a positive Guy. I believe in miracles and I believe in revival. Charles FInney said "God sends revivals when we need them." Well Lord, we need revival right about now. Let's have prayer for it and in the mean time share Jesus all over America and the world to every geneation expecting good results!!!! Amen???!

Today on the Ron Johnson Discipleship Podcast: Today we talk about our Market Share ministry to business and community workers and the pending impact of the Supreme Court's decision on the Biden OSHA vaccine mandate on the business community and millions of Americans who will be impacted. Where are the Christian-owned businesses who are standing in opposition to this tyrannical overreach? Who will stand firm for freedom even if it means you risk financial profit? Is accommodation to tyranny a legitimate Chritian response? Why won't "Christian" businesses/organizations (i.e. hospitals and Christian colleges) stand strong for our unalienable rights of conscience, especially when these rights form the foundation of our mission? Find out more at https://ron-johnson-discipleship-podca.pinecast.co

El periodista y ufólogo chileno Christian Riffo, editor de La voz del norte, nos atiende en 'La rosa de los vientos' para hablar sobre el fenómeno ovni y el mundo del misterio en general.

Alex share's her journey to and in Christ. This episode will test your perception of Chritian life and a true relationship with God.

His raspy blues voice defined Guardian's distinct sound for over a decade. In our season premier, Jamie Rowe sat down with us to talk about his faith, career and what he's up to these days. In this episode, we learn the stories behind some of Guardian's most popular songs and how John Elefante and Steve Taylor helped to make them such a huge success in the Chritian metal world.Music in this Episode:"Eye of the Storm" - Tempest (Star Song)"Fire and Love" - Guardian (Word)"I Found Love"- Guardian (Pakaderm/Pakaderm)"Take of Your Cross" - Guardian (Pakaderm)"One Thing Left To Do" - Guardian (Myrrh)"Jesus is the Way" - Jamie Rowe (Jamie Rowe Creative)"The Rain" - Guardian (Word/Pakaderm)This podcast is licensed through BMI. Music Used by permission.To support this podcast, please visit our Patreon page!

From levity to gravity...Is Texas the home of the "Christian Taliban"? Should Biden be impeached? And what about the "woke" NFL? "The World According To Ben Stein" covers it all.

Saint Irenaeus of Lyon was a 2nd-century bishop of the city of Lugdunum in Roman Gaul, which today is known as Lyon in France. He was a disciple of Saint Polycarp, who was a disciple of Saint John the Apostle, who was one of the 12 Apostles of Jesus Christ. Saint Irenaeus lived at a time when the Christians who had known Jesus during his earthly ministry had all just passed, and so there were emerging many distortions and misinterpretations of Chritian teaching by determined heretics. Saint Irenaeus was known for writing an important text, Against Heresies, that defended orthodox Christian theology against these heresies, and laid down principles for how Christians could determine what is true. He affirmed that true Christian teaching was passed down from Jesus to us through scripture and the tradition passed down from the apostles , and emphasised the role of the Christian church the apostles established as a repository of truth. In this episode, we discuss Saint Irenaeus' influence, and read from passages of his book, Against Heresies.

With so many films about Ancient Rome, it's easy to find those that follow the timeline of the Roman rise and fall in the Mediterranean, with a prequel of Alexander (2004): Hannibal (2006) for the Roman destruction of Carthage, the post-war American epic of Cleopatra (1963) for the end of Hellenistic Egypt and North Africa, we then go to the Common Era with some Jesus films, visit Roman Spain and Tunisia in the immortal Gladiator (2000), and cap things off with the magnificent Agora (2009) that chronicles the transition into the Chritian-heavy Middle Ages.

After the death of the Ilkhan Arghun in 1291 at the end of our last episode, the Ilkhanid throne came to Arghun's brother, Geikhatu, the governor of Anatolia. Geikhatu's ascension set off one of the most unstable periods in the Ilkhanate's  history so far, which would ultimately culminate in the rise of perhaps the most significant ruler of the Ilkhanate's later history, Ghazan, who would skillfully weld Chinggisid ideology with Islam. I'm your host David, and this is Kings and Generals: Ages of Conquest.       On the death of Arghun Ilkhan due to excessive consumption of mercury and sulphur in at the start of 1291, there were three candidates for the throne: Arghun's brother Geikhatu, the governor of Anatolia; Arghun's  cousin Baidu, based in Baghdad, and Arghun's son, Ghazan, who was stationed in the east of the Khanate battling the rebelling general Nawruz. While some members of the military elite, particularly the noyans Taghachar and Qunchuqbal, wished for Baidu to take the throne, a number backed Geikhatu. Among those who flocked to Geikhatu were the noyans Qurumshi, son of Alinaq, and Choban,  better known as the Emir Choban.This is the first mention of Choban in the sources, though for today's episode he will play on a minor role.       On the 23rd of July, 1291 Geikhatu was elected as Khan of the Ilkhanate. Neither Baidu nor Ghazan challenged him, though in accounts such as Marco Polo's, Ghazan was rather quietly furious at the matter. In his early thirties when he took the throne, like his late brother Arghun, Geikhatu was a Buddhist. Arghun had placed Geikhatu as the viceroy of Anatolia, bringing a region considered a distant frontier into closer connection with the rest of the Ilkhanate. Perhaps the greatest distinction from his brother though was his clemency. In part, it seems to have been a mixture of a personally more peaceful nature, and a belief that Arghun's reign was cut short by the many executions he had ordered in his final years. One of Geikhatu's first actions upon taking the throne was personally overseeing an investigation and trials into events surrendering the deaths of Arghun, his vizier Sa'd al-Dawla and other misdeeds undertaken by the noyans in Arghun's final days. The blame for these murders and abuses were, rightfully, laid onto the noyans Taghachar and Qunchuqbal, who had led the efforts.  While Arghun would have met their disloyalty with the removal of heads, Geikhatu showed himself of a different ilk. Almost all of the conspirators received simple pardons, while others were subject to a temporary prison sentence. Taghachar, who was making a habit of being a traitorous sot, was given a pardon as well. Once the trials were completed, and Geikhatu hoped everyone could now start off fresh, the new Il-Khan immediately returned to his preferred Anatolia. His Noyan Shiktur was left to oversee almost the entirety of the Ilkhanate east of Anatolia as a supreme deputy.       The Ilkhan's sudden removal back to Anatolia left a sort of vacuum behind. It's not clear to us today exactly what Geikhatu was doing in Anatolia, and it certainly wasn't clear to contemporaries as rumours spread that the Ilkhan had been killed in  an uprising by local Turkic tribes. In Geikhatu's absence, his clemency paid dividends as the noyans he forgave almost immediately conspired against him. Taghachar Noyan, aided by his deputy Sadr' al-Din Zanjani, started to organize a coup to topple Geikhatu and enthrone one of Geikhatu's cousins, Anbarchi. The plot was discovered and foiled, but again, Geikhatu pardoned most of the conspirators. Taghachar himself was given an army to relieve an Ilkhanid fortress besieged by the Mamluks late in 1292 (something which he was unsuccessful at) and Sadr' al-Din Zanjani, after a brief imprisonment, was even made Geikhatu's vizier before the end of the year. Suffice to say, these men did not learn their lessons.       While these plotters continued to plot, most of Geikhatu's reign was spent apparently enjoying the… uh, benefits of being king, if we should say politely. Effectively every medieval source which comments on Geikhatu presents him as a man of utter vice, enjoying constant parties, revelry, and the sons and daughters of the nobility. To quote the continuator of the Syriac churchman Bar Hebraeus, writing not long after Geikhatu's death:   Now [Geikhatu] being ruler, [...] occupied himself with nothing except riotous living, and amusement and debauchery. He had no thought for anything else except the things which were necessary for kings, and which they were bound to have, and how he could get possession of the sons and daughters of the nobles and have carnal intercourse with them. And he would wanton with them without shame and without modesty. And very many chaste women among the wives of the nobles fled from him, and others removed their sons and their daughters, and sent them away to remote districts. But they were unable to save themselves from his hands, or to escape from the shameful acts which he committed with them. And when he had led this blameworthy manner of life for nearly four years, more or less, and he had polluted himself with the mire of wanton desire of this kind, and he had amused himself with the lusts of the body which do not bring profit, he was hated with a very great hatred by all those who held the reins of his kingdom.   If it was merely Bar Hebraeus' continuator writing these things, we might dismiss them as regular medieval slander by one disgruntled writer. But these sorts of details make up most of Geikhatu's source depictions. Wassaf, a Persian writer in the early 14th century Ilkhanate for instance, describes Geikhatu ignoring all duties of the throne to focus on his own pleasure, at one point writing: “at length sovereign rule in turn presented to him his heart's desire, viz. The backside.” Marco Polo, who passed through the Ilkhanate in the final year of Geikhatu's rule, wrote of Geikhatu that he “enjoyed himself much with the ladies, for he was excessively given to his pleasures.” The Ilkhanid vizier Rashid al-Din is, as per usual, too respectable to comment on such indecency directly. It was in the reign of Geikhatu that Rashid al-Din became attached to the Ilkhanid court, and besides that, Geikhatu had been the uncle of his patrons Ghazan and Oljeitu. Still, Rashid speaks of the wild spending habits of Geikhatu, politely describing it as incredibly generous gift giving. Wassaf and other writers instead describe wasteful extravagance by Geikhatu, encouraged by vizier Sadr' al-Din Zanjani, which compounded some sort of troubles facing Mongol herds at the time, resulting in widespread reverberations on the Ilkhanate's economy.   Of course, no talk of Geikhatu and the Ilkhanate's fiscal status can be complete without mentioning his most famous disaster: an attempt to impose Chinese style paper money, or ch'ao, in the Ilkhanate. This is the first known example of an effort to implement Chinese block printing for currency outside of China, and every source describes it as an unmitigated disaster, though modern retellings of the incident have certainly exaggerated it.   The inspiration for the idea came from Geikhatu's vizier, Sadr' al-Din Zanjani, who had been interested in it for some time. In May 1294 Sadr' al-Din finally broached it to Geikhatu Khan, who was interested and spoke on the matter further with Bolod Chingsang, a representative from the Yuan Dynasty at the Ilkhan's court. Zanjani successfully convinced Geikhatu of its advantages, such as being much more difficult to forge or tamper with. Despite the opposition of some members of Geikhatu's court, especially Shiktur Noyan, Geikhatu gave the order to proceed with a trial run in the Ilkhanate's chief city, Tabriz, one of the major merchant hubs of western Asia. Printing started in the summer of 1294, and circulation began that September. Orders were put out that anyone who refused to accept it would be put to death.    The result was not great. People did not understand how the paper was worth anything compared to metal coinage, and very quickly merchants were fleeing Tabriz altogether. The humid climate resulted in the Ilkhanid paper apparently nearly falling to pieces. Food and goods became scarce, and when Zanjani himself went to the streets he was threatened and insulted to his face. As Tabriz neared a tipping point of theft, starvation and anarchy, finally the paper money was withdrawn and the regular coinage made the tender again. The effort lasted hardly two months, and was not tried elsewhere. Claims that this episode had long lasting repercussions on the Ilkhanate's economy are likely overstated due to the limited reach of the experiment. Rather, they encouraged ongoing economic woes in Geikhatu's reign and did nothing to help the Ilkhan's already struggling reputation. The failed episode with the ch'ao is routinely mentioned alongside Geikhatu's massive expenditure, gift giving and debauchery in the sources on his reign, and it is no surprise that not long after the end of the fling with paper money, Geikhatu found himself next on the chopping block.   In the summer of 1294, Geikhatu's cousin Baidu visited the Ilkhan's camp. Though he appeared reluctant to claim the throne in 1291, Baidu must have still felt some resentment at losing his chance, in addition to his distaste in how Geikhatu ran the kingdom. It would explain how, when Baidu got quite drunk one evening, he lashed out and insulted Geikhatu to his face. The normally easy going Geikhatu responded furiously and probably drunkenly, ordering Baidu beaten. Once they had sobered up Geikhatu regretted his action and sought to make amends, which Baidu made a show of accepting. Once out of the Khan's camp, Baidu returned to his own territory and began to organize a rebellion over the winter of 1294. When Geikhatu learned of it, he sent an army against Baidu commanded by the always loyal [sarcasm] Taghachar. Whatever was behind Geikhatu's choice is unknown. Perhaps he was a large fan of multiple chances, or thought this was an opportunity for Taghachar to display his loyalty. Geikhatu was sorely mistaken. Taghachar immediately sided with Baidu and brought his army to Baidu's service. A panicked Geikhatu tried to flee to Anatolia, but was overtaken and captured. His captors were men he had imprisoned for earlier crimes, but who Geikhatu had later released on the urging of Taghachar. In late March 1295, Geikhatu's captors had him strangled to death with a bow string, apparently without the knowledge or approval of Baidu. So ended the reign of the fifth Ilkhan, Geikhatu, only in his mid-30s and having reigned hardly four years.   A few weeks after Geikhatu's death, Baidu was enthroned as the new Ilkhan in April 1295. A grandson of Hulegu via his son Taraqai, Baidu appears to have been raised a Chritian but converted to Islam. Bar Hebraeus' continuator remarks that Baidu's conversion to Islam was a half hearted one aimed to bring him support for the throne; an indication of the growth of Islam among the Mongols of the Ilkhanate. Marco Polo meanwhile was under the impression that Baidu was a Christian throughout his reign. We may suspect he simply was an exponent of Mongol religious tolerance, and did not favour any of these religions but instead tried to appear a friend to each, though it is difficult to tell due to the nature of his reign. Unlike his predecessors, Baidu appears as a much quieter figure, one who seemed lacking in vision for the position of Khan, and was overshadowed by his powerful noyans like Taghachar. Taghachar was given immense power, and Taghachar's allies, the murderers of Geikhatu, were granted governorships and other positions throughout the empire.   Baidu's reign had a major obstacle in the form of Geikhatu's nephew and Arghun's son, Ghazan. The oldest son of Arghun, Ghazan had since his father's reign taken a prominent position in the eastern part of the Ilkhanate,  Khurasan, where he had acted as chief military governor. Almost yearly he fought off raids by the Qara'una Mongols and from 1289 onwards, fought the rebelling general Nawruz. These conflicts kept him too preoccupied to act after the death of Arghun, and from playing any role in the politics that led to Geikhatu's overthrow. Nonetheless, Ghazan had been primed for leadership. Well educated, able to read and write the Uighur script for Mongolian and seemingly proficient in Persian as well as athletic and a skilled warrior, the powerful position Ghazan had been granted by Arghun as military commander of the east gave Ghazan useful contacts and backing. Having both military experience and reputation was always a useful boon for claiming leadership among the Mongols. If we are to believe Rashid al-Din, Ghazan's energetic biographer, then even Abaqa Il-Khan, Ghazan's grandfather, had recognized the boy's talent and loved him dearly, though we can suspect this is reminiscent of Qaidu's claims as a boy that Ogedai Khan had loved him and wanted to make him his successor. More of a useful claim for legitimacy, rather than a necessarily true representation of their relationship, though perhaps Ghazan remembered it fondly.   Certainly Ghazan was seen as a prime candidate for the throne; before his untimely death, the Jewish vizier of Arghun, Sa'd al-Dawla, had tried to contact Ghazan to bring him to his father's death bed to make his stake for the throne. Following Geikhatu's murder, Ghazan was also a favourite to succeed his uncle, and had apparently received letters from Baidu asking him to assume the throne- another indication that Baidu was personally reluctant to take the position. Ghazan seemed to not anticipate trickery. He had recently taken the submission of the former rebel, Nawruz, taking control of his army on top of his own. Feeling strong and secure, he   began to travel west to the Ilkhanate's Caucausian territory with only a small guard. Hearing of Ghazan's movement seems to have sparked Baidu's followers to hold a snap quriltai and quickly declared Baidu the Il-Khan.   As Ghazan advanced across northern Iran, emissaries from Baidu arrived politely but firmly telling Ghazan to turn back, that he would not be granted safe passage. Evidently, Baidu and his allies recognized that Ghazan expected to have the throne, and wished to dissuade him rather than have to fight off another contender. Baidu's position as Khan after overseeing the murder of his predeceassor left him with shaky legitimacy.  Finally, it was told to Ghazan that Baidu would consider it rebellion if Ghazan advanced any further. Ghazan could not back down now; he quickly summoned Nawruz and his army, which prompted Baidu to rally his own army; by the 19th of May, 1295, the two sides faced off at a site called Qurban Shire in northwestern Iran. After a round of skirmishing, apparently on Baidu's urging a truce was called and negotiations held.   The meeting was cordial and respectful, and progress was made. Baidu did not wish to fight, but now that he was declared Il-Khan he could not step down. His solution was to essentially divide the Ilkhanate between them, granting Ghazan all of the eastern half of the empire. Ghazan was amenable to the idea, but tensions did not abate. It seems, to Baidu's frustration, that he continued to be reinforced. As the negotiations went on, more and more of Baidu's forces trickled in. Seeing Baidu's army grow, Ghazan feared a trap and slid away, leaving Nawruz, now his lieutenant, to continue the talks. This infuriated Baidu, who felt Ghazan was acting in bad faith. He sent some forces to pursue Ghazan and promptly took Nawruz prisoner. Some called for Nawruz's execution, but others persuaded Baidu against it. Chief of them was Sadr' al-Din Zanjani. Though Baidu had not reappointed Zanjani to the position of vizier -instead giving it to one of Zanjani's rivals, Jamal al-Din Dastjirdani-  Sadr' al-Din did not go far from the court lest the position open up again. He encouraged Baidu and those of the noyans whose ears he had access to -chiefly Taghachar- to spare Nawruz and offer him a deal. If Nawruz would hunt down Ghazan and bring his head in a bag to Baidu, then Nawruz would be greatly rewarded. In the meantime, Sadr' al-Din Zanjani and Taghachar made their own agreements with Nawruz.   On the 31st of May 1295, Nawruz departed Baidu's camp to hunt down Ghazan. It took only a few days to find him. Not long after, a rider came to Baidu's camp, carrying a bag sent by Nawruz. Somewhat reluctantly, Baidu Il-Khan must have ordered an officer forward to open the bag and reveal the dreaded proof of his kinsman's death. To their surprise, a large cauldron fell out. It was a bit of word play on the part of Nawruz and Ghazan. Qazan in Turkic languages refers to a large pot, cauldron or brass kettle. So Nawruz had brought Ghazan in a bag to Baidu; just not the Ghazan he was hoping for. Nawruz could claim to have kept his word to Baidu, while once more affirming his loyalty to Ghazan.   In the words of Rashid al-Din, Nawruz and Ghazan's pun sparked quite the reaction among Baidu and his men. To quote Rashid's Compendium of Chronicles, as per the Thackston translation:  Baidu and his amirs were amazed by this subtle word play and rare joke, but there was nothing they could do about it. To Baidu the amirs said, “The lion you caught in a trap you let go, and you were made ridiculous.” He regretted having let Nawroz go, but there was nothing to be done—as has been said, anyone who overcomes his foe but allows the advantage to slip away will never again have power over him, and regret and remorse profit nothing.       Baidu likely did not have immense respect among the noyans in the first place, given that he had largely been placed on the throne by their efforts entirely. To have lost both Ghazan and Nawroz, after they had been in his hands, and then to be so humiliated by them, further undermined him. In essence, he had snatched defeat from the jaws of victory, and his prestige among the military elite crumbled accordingly.       While Baidu's standing worsened, Ghazan undertook a rather momentous decision. On the urging of Nawruz and other influential advisers in his camp, shortly after Nawruz's return to him Ghazan converted to Islam. Ghazan had been raised and educated as a Buddhist, a religion which his father Arghun and grandfather Hulegu had both been attached to. Even during his tenure in Khurasan, Ghazan had sponsored the construction of Buddhist temples. If we are to believe Rashid al-Din though, Ghazan had always had a questioning mind and found himself skeptical of some aspects of Buddhism. It is possible, though we may suspect it was also a matter of Mongol religious indifference. In the accounts of Ghazan's chroniclers, when Nawruz impressed upon him the need to convert to Islam, all of Ghazan's generals, and indeed, the Mongols in Iran, followed suit, a fairly regular aspect of stories of Mongol khans converting to Islam. Generally, historians are of the opinion that Ghazan's conversion reflects the fact that a great many Mongols, both among the regular soldiers and the military aristocracy, had already become Muslims. While Nawruz may have urged Ghazan to convert out of concern for his soul, for Nawruz was a very sincere and ardent Muslim, it is not difficult to imagine that Nawruz also pointed out the political advantage it could provide Ghazan; by demonstrating that he was a true and devout Muslim, Ghazan could claim the loyalty of all the Mongols who were Muslims, as well as Persian and Arabic members of the bureaucracy. Hence, why post-Ghazan chroniclers tend to cast doubt on Baidu's claim to be a Muslim as well. Ghazan certainly showed some fervour early after his conversion, though in the coming years it cooled whenever he did not have an urgent political usage for it. Immediately after Ghazan and his noyans began to proclaim the shahada, they observed the Ramadan of summer 1295 then advanced onto Baidu.       As Ghazan and his army moved west once again, Baidu's camp was still in shambles. Baidu seemed frozen in place, unable to take decisive action. His foundation built on sand, it washed away with the rising tide of Ghazan, now reinforced by his brother Oljeitu. When Baidu sent emissaries to Ghazan, they told Ghazan of the sympathy he had among Baidu's followers, and then promptly joined him. The former vizier for the late Geikahtu, Sadr' al-Din Zanjani, was among the first to openly desert Baidu for Ghazan. Choban Noyan and Quremshi Noyan joined with their troops and joined Nawroz in the vanguard. The duplicitous Taghachar, as usual, jumped for the winning side. He who had once abandoned Geikhatu to join Baidu, now left Baidu to back Ghazan. As the summer of 1295 drew to a close Baidu tried to flee, but was swiftly captured and taken back to Tabriz. There, he sent word that he wished for an interview with Ghazan, but Ghazan refused. He ordered Baidu executed, which was carried out on the 4th of October 1295, ending Baidu's seven month reign as Il-Khan. Only once the deed was done, did Ghazan finally enter Tabriz later that day. He was swiftly enthroned; not as Il-Khan, but with the title of padishah-i-islam, Emperor of Islam, and took the name of Mahmud. So began the reign of Ghazan Il-Khan, or Padishah Ghazan Mahmud, the 7th ruler of the Ilkhanate and a great-great-great-grandson of Chinggis Khan. The Ilkhanate was about to be permanently transformed.        Our next episode focuses on the reign of Ghazan, so be sure to subscribe to the Kings and Generals podcast to follow. If you'd like to help us continue bringing you great content, please consider supporting us on patreon at www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. Please also consider leaving us a positive review and rating on the podcast catcher of your choice, and sharing us with your friends; each one helps the podcast out alot. This episode was researched and written by our series historian, Jack Wilson. I'm your host David, and we'll catch you on the next one.

Maps from Medieval Europe are littered with strange lands, monsters and mythical races. On them you can find the Tower of Babel, the Minotaur's Labyrinth, unicorns and men with the heads of dogs. Find out what these maps can tell us about how medieval European's saw the world in the latest episode of the History and Folklore Podcast.    Sources: B.L Gordon, 'Sacred Directions, Orientations, and the Top of the Map' History of Religions Vol. 10, No. 3 (Feb., 1971), pp. 211-227 British Museum, 'Tablet' https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1882-0714-509 Chet Van Durez, 'Sea Monsters on Medieval and Renaissance Maps' (2014). Edward Brooke-Hitching, 'The Phantom-Atlas: The Greatest Myths, Lies and Blunders on Maps' (2016). Gerhard Dorhn-van Rossum 'Al-Idrisi and His World Map (1154)' (2011) http://www.cliohworld.net/onlread/wg2/wg2.pdf#page=209 Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping, 'History of Mapping' https://www.icsm.gov.au/education/fundamentals-mapping/history-mapping John Block-Friedman, 'The Monstrous Races in Medieval Art and Thought' (2000). John Mandeville, 'The Complete Works of John Mandeville (Shrine of Knowledge, 2020) 'Mappa Mundi Hereford Cathedral.' https://www.themappamundi.co.uk/ Paul B. Sturtevant, 'A Wonder of the Multicultural Medieval World: The Tabula Rogeriana' (2017) https://www.publicmedievalist.com/greatest-medieval-map/ Richard Barber, 'Bestiary MS Bodley 764' (1999). Richard Jones, 'The Medieval Natural World' (2013). Robert Bartlett, 'The Natural and the Supernatural in the Middle Ages' (2006). Thomas Wright, 'Travels of Marco Polo, the Venetian.' http://public-library.uk/ebooks/60/81.pdf   Transcript: ‘Whatever Part of the Earth that Men dwell, either above or beneath, it seemeth always to them, that they go more up-right than any other Folk. And right as it seemeth to us that they be under us, right so it seemeth to them that we be under them.'   Hello, welcome to the History and Folklore podcast, where we look at different folk beliefs through history and how these beliefs shape people's perceptions of nature. Today we're looking at historical maps and the strange creatures and the mythical races found within them. This is a huge subject, so I am only going to be able to really give an overview of the subject, but am happy to make more indepth episodes on any of the different topics if there is any interest.   I find this topic really fascinating as maps, despite what we like to tell ourselves, very rarely show the world how it actually is. Instead they are excellent sources to show us the preconceptions, assumptions and prejudices of the map maker and the society the map is made in.    It has also been claimed that maps can affect the perception of people who view the map. We like to tell ourselves that maps are entirely neutral records of landscapes and settlements but this is not entirely true. Even today there are issues with our world map that are believed to affect  the way we see the world. The most well-known example is the Mercator Projection, invented in 1569 as a way of displaying a globe on a 2D surface. Because of the way the projection works, countries at the top are distorted to become larger, while those closer to the equator appear smaller. The creator of this method, Gerardus Mercator, also chose to orientate the map with North at the top, which is the way we still orientate maps today. It has been argued that, while this map is useful for navigation, the location and relatively large size of northern countries gives them a more prominent place in the mind of the viewer.   While there is still a lot of discussion as to whether this is actually true, it is clear that maps have traditionally been used as a means of communicating ideas and values to the viewer. The earliest maps that survive today depict very local places that highlight sites of interest. There were no real conventions in cartography yet and so the layout and orientation of these maps was pretty much all over the place.    While it seems normal and obvious to us, it is only really quite recently in human history that maps have been oriented with North at the top. In Europe, East was often placed as the highest point as in early Christian tradition heaven was located in the east. This is an idea that was likely borrowed from ancient Jewish traditions which saw the east as a particularly holy direction. Likewise, South was often seen as a desirable direction as it was associated with warmer, more hospitable weather. North, on the other hand, was considered a dark and sinister direction.   Ancient Egyptians also tended to orientate maps with east at the top, as this is the direction in which the sun rises. Early Islamic cartographers often placed south at the top of the map, as these mapmakers often resided in countries that were north of Mecca and they envisioned they were looking up towards it when they prayed. In Ancient China, compasses were oriented to point south, which was considered a more desirable direction as it was believed to be where the winds came from. However, maps in ancient China tended to place north at the top as the Emperor resided in the north of the country and the people were expected to look towards him. So it appears that there is a tendency among people everywhere to place that which they consider the most important at the top or centre of the image.    The oldest surviving world map is the Imago Mundi, which was created between 500-700 BCE in a town called Sippar in Iraq. This map placed Babylon in the centre, as this was probably the most important city to the map maker. The Euphrates is also shown and circles surround Babylon to show other cities and districts, including Assyria, Der and Habban. These cities are surrounded by a circular ‘bitter river' in which other districts are located. These represent the unknown or unexplored world, and are labelled with descriptions such as ‘where shamash (the sun deity) is not seen, reflecting the belief that the sun does not pass through the northern lands. The map is accompanied by accounts of Babylonian myths, written in conform script, with the corresponding locations in which they happened.    Early medieval maps are remarkably similar in design to the Imago Mundi. Known as TO maps, they show the world as a round disc. Inside this disc the known world is split into three segments, with the East orientated at the top. Asia fills up the top half of the circle, and is separated from Europe in the bottom left quarter and Africa in the bottom right quarter by a river that starts as the Don or Tanais in the left and turns into the Nile half way through. Europe and Africa are separated by the meditteranean sea, depicted as a line that meets the rivers at the half way point to make a T shape. The rivers and continents are surrounded by a circle of sea, the O of the TO map.    It is unclear where this style of map originated from. Similarities can be drawn with the Imago Mundi, but some historians think that they may originate in the Ancient Greece or Rome. Others argue that they probably have a Judaic origin, due to the habit of labelling each continent in association with one of Noah's sons - Asia often has the label of Shem, Africa is labelled with Ham and Europe tagged with Japhet.    TO maps are only concerned with recording areas of the world that were known to be habitable. Maps that showed all habitable and uninhabitable land on the globe were portrayed in a different way, based on the subdivision of the world created by Ptolemy in the second century and built on by Macrobius in the fifth century. In this, the world was divided into five latitudinal zones that varied in climate. The poles were the two frigid zones and considered to be too cold to sustain life. The fiery zone was located at the equator and was too hot to sustain life. Between these two extremes were the temperate zones, which were both theoretically habitable although it was believed that the southern temperate zone was uninhabited by humans.    The subdivision of the world in this way was still being used as late as the fifteenth century. It was also used as the basis for maps created by influential Islamic geographers and cartographers, such as al-Muqaddasi and al-Biruni, who developed this technique and further broke the inhabited world down into seven climes, which differed by half an hour each. These cartographers also believed that only the northern part of the world was inhabited and was separated by the rest of the globe by inhospitable climates that could not be crossed by humans. Islamic scholar Abu Rayhan al-Biruni claimed that the ‘sea separates the inhabitable world from whatever continents or inhabitable islands there may be beyond it, both towards West and East; for it is not navigable on account of the darkness of the air and the thickness of the water.'   This method of dividing the world was used in what was the most influential map of its time, the Tabulana Rogeriana, translated in English as the ‘Book of Roger', which proves that everything sounds more impressive in Latin. This was created by Muhammad al-Idrisi in 1154 for King Roger II of Siciliy in a book containing 70 smaller regional maps which, when put together, created a huge rectangular map of the world. This incredibly detailed map was broken down into seven different climatic zones and ten geographical sections. As well as this al-Idrisi was able to calculate the circumference of the globe within ten percent of its actual size. To achieve this, al-Idrisi poured over Arabic, Latin and Classical records, as well as conducting extensive interviews with contemporary travellers, endeavouring to dismiss the fantastical and include only what could be corroborated or proven. While this technique was not foolproof, and popular mythical elements such as the islands of Gog and Magog were still included, it was by far the most accurate world map of its day, and was used and distributed for three hundred years after its creation.   Despite the creation and popularity of the Book of Roger, new maps continued to be made and distributed. One of the most well-known today is the Hereford Mappa Mundi, which was created around the year 1300. This was created at a time when European maps were becoming more complex, showing serrated coastlines and individual islands. Despite these details, it still keeps the early ‘TO' format with Asia at the top, Europe on the bottom left and Africa on the bottom right. Christ sits above the world, looking over God's creation, and paradise and the garden of Eden can be found just below him. Jerusalem sits prominently in the centre of the inhabited world.    As well recording existing cities and landscape elements we would expect to see on modern maps, the Hereford Mappa Mundi also depicts stories from the bible such as Eden, Noah's Ark and the Tower of Babel, all located in the top half of the map, as well as stories from Classical Greece and Rome. The columns of Hercules, the golden fleece and the labyrinth can all be seen on the map. This reflects a method of map making that leaned more towards symbolism than accuracy. The purpose of maps such as this was not to create an accurate geographical record to assist travellers. They were instead created the greatness and expanse of God's creation and the viewers place within it spatially, culturally, temporally and spiritually. Medieval maps were created to measure time and culture as well as space.    For this reason the anomalies in early maps can give a real insight into the mindset, worldview and values of the time. We already know that places like Eden and the Minotaur's labyrinth were placed on maps due to their spiritual, cultural and historical importance. But some other elements are less easily explained. Strange islands and creatures pepper the seas and the margins of early maps.    Sometimes these were recorded through simple error, especially non-existant islands and land formations. Other times weather conditions such as low forming clouds could appear to sailors as an island, which would later be recorded on maps. Anomalies were sometimes included on purpose as a type of copyright protection. If an incorrect detail was found on a different map, the original cartographer would know they had been plagiarised.    I think the most amusing incidents were when islands were included on a whim. In 1659 Peter Helyn recorded a story about the explorer Pedro Sarmiento when he was captured by Walter Raleigh. Raleigh asked him about a particular island that was depicted on one of his maps, which Raleigh had never seen but which may have had some tactical advantage to him. Sarmiento explained that that island was known as ‘painters island' because when the painter was drawing the map, his wife asked him to add an island for her, so that in her imagination she could have an island of her own. A really lovely story, but not very helpful to people trying to actually navigate.   I think that the monsters and so called monstrous races that were recorded in maps, bestiaries and encyclopedias of the time are even more interesting than mysterious island stories as they raise so many questions about medieval assumptions of the foreign, otherness and humanity itself.    Strange creatures were also often believed to be found in far flung lands. Dragons fought elephants in India, hyenas mimicked and ate humans in Africa, leopards were the ferocious offspring of lions and pards and birds the colour of fire and with razor sharp wings soar through the air in Asia. These creatures all give an impression of foriegn countries as strange and dangerous places to be, as though the further you get from the known world the more fantastic and deadly nature becomes, a reflection of understandable anxieties and real dangers involved in travel during this period.    Probably the most fascinating are the so called ‘monstrous races' that are depicted on the edges of world maps, reflecting their perceived status as being just on the edge of civilisation.  Many of these races were taken from the writings of Pliny the Elder and were even further embellished over the years by explorers and traders, missionaries and pilgrims who would come back with tales of the strange lands, creatures and people they had seen on their travels.  Monstrous races that were commonly recorded included the Blemmyes, a warlike people found in Africa, notable in that they had no head but whos faces were instead located on their torso. Sciapods could be found in India. They had only one leg which they would use to hop about, and would use their one giant foot to shade them from the sun. Panotti had long ears that they used to wrap around themselves to keep warm at night. The Astomis were found by the Ganges river, they had no mouths but gained nourishment through pleasant smells. The cynocephalli were humans with the heads of dogs that were widely recorded from Scandinavia to Syria to India. In some accounts they were depicted as bloodthirsty fighters, while other writers claimed they were relatively shy and kept to themselves in peaceful communities.    While some believe that these people were solely the creation of overactive imaginations and tall tales spun by travellers, others think that there may have been a grain of truth in the stories, filtered through the perceptions of reporters trying to understand what they saw through the filter of a very ethnocentric worldview. For example, the Sciapods may have simply been people practicing yoga, lifting their feet above their heads as though to shade from the sun. While the true origins of these stories is not known, the fact that the stories exist at all raise a lot of interesting insights into the medieval European worldview.   There was a fair amount of contemporary discussion as to whether any of these races could be considered human, or whether they were closer to animals. This debate was based on the medieval Christian worldview that God created three different types of living spirit. Angels, which are not bound to a physical body, humans which are bound to a physical body but do not die with it and animals, which are bound to a physical body and who die with the body. It was believed that what separated humans from animals was their rationality. The issue then lay in defining and identifying rationality in the behaviour of the monstrous races.    The answer to this question had practical as well as theological implications. In the ninth century a missionary in Scandinavia wrote to a monk named Ratramnus asking whether he should preach to the dog headed people in order to win human souls for Christ, or whether it would be wasted effort, akin to trying to convert mice or birds. Ratramnus responded by stating that the dog heads should be viewed as human. He claimed that while certain elements of their behaviour, such as their barking speech, pointed more towards the animal, other behavioural aspects placed them firmly in the realms of the human. The fact they covered themselves with clothes showed they had a sense of shame and decency. They could farm and make tools and, according to Ratramnus, ‘knowledge of technical skills is granted only to the rational soul.' The main point in their favour though was that they lived in communities and therefore had laws and were able to create and keep to the rules of society.   Personally I find Ratramnus' answer unstatisying when looking at perceptions of other mythical creatures. Trolls, for example, were considered different from humans as they were not Christians and were, in fact, often believed to be angels that had remained neutral in the war between God and Satan and so fell to earth. Trolls could be killed and it was not believed that they had the promise of eternal life, as humans did. However, like other hidden people, they were portrayed as rational, they lived in societies that mimicked humans, wore clothes and used tools. It was not rationality or mortality, but lack of Chritian belief and immortal soul that separated the trolls from humans or angels, but Ratramnus made no suggestion of this possibility for the cynocephalli.   During the twelfth century Europe and Asia became linked in a way that it had never been before, largely due to the expansion of the Mongol Empire that spanned from Korea to Persia, Poland to Vietnam. This overarching administration facilitated merchants trading across borders and was also a tempting target for Christian missionaries, as the Mongols were not originally Muslim and appeared to be widely accepting of Christianity - employing Asian Christians as advisors and administrators.   As such a greater number of Europeans than ever before began travelling to places that they previously had either non-existent or very weak contact with. You may think that as explorers, traders and missionaries came to be more familiar with distant lands, and as travellers from across Asia came to be a more familiar sight in European cities, that medieval Europeans would quickly realise that the monstrous races on maps and monsters in bestiaries did not exist. In some cases doubt did begin to creep in. In 1253 William of Rubruck recalled a conversation he had with a group of Mogul people during his travels in India saying ‘I asked about the monsters or monstrous humans but they had never seen such beings, wherefore we wonder very much whether it were true.'   But belief in monsters and monstrous races was surprisingly tenacious amongst the general population. This was partly because returning travellers could not resist telling fantastic tales of ferocious and strange beasts to impress people back home. However, even when travellers wanted to present a more realistic view of the world their efforts could be undermined. Marco Polo's Travels, for example, was published in 1298 and presented a fairly subdued and down to earth picture of Asia that was somewhat sabotaged by illustrators who added monsters and wonders to the margins, likely trying to meet the expectations of the readers.   In other cases, when monsters were not found where they were expected to be, it was sometimes assumed that they did exist but their location had been recorded wrong. As European travellers became more familiar with the wider world the monstrous races were pushed further, always pushed the edges of the known world, and those that were once believed to reside in India were later thought to reside in the habitable southern hemisphere, where humans did not live. An early example of this was the Panotti people with long ears. Around 43 CE Roman writer Pomponius Mela claimed they lived on the Orkney islands. When the Orkney islands became part of the civilised world they were recorded as living in Scythia and later, when Scythia was no longer considered particularly distant, it was believed that they resided in southern Asia.    It is probable that the belief in monstrous races reflects a need in people to create a recognised ‘other' against which they can define themselves. Through these stories, they were able to explore what it meant to be civilised, what it meant to be human and understand and define their place in the world.    It is also apparent that this belief in strange and monstrous races was not just limited to Europeans. John de Marignollis  travelled extensively through China and India in the 1330s. Although he was originally sent by the Pope he extended his travels in order to search for the monstrous races he had heard about. He wrote ‘I travelled through all the provinces of India with great curiosity. . . never was I able to track down such peoples in the world in reality; instead people asked me whether there were such creatures.'    As well as giving the impression that medieval Asia was filled with people wandering round asking each other if they knew where the dog-heads were, de-Marignollis statement, and the quote from John Mandeville at the beginning of this episode, suggests that people around the world created their own kinds of strange and monstrous people, living in far away lands. I think it is likely that such stories were important in helping people strengthen their identity at a time of increased travel and exploration. Through these tales people could examine who they were, who belonged to their group, who were outside it and why. They could even be used to examine what it meant to be human at all.    Thank you for listening to this episode of the History and Folklore podcast. I hope you enjoyed it and found it interesting. An extra thank you goes to my new patreons DD Storyteller, the Fairy Folk Podcast, Louise, Vanessa, Ben and John. My supporters on patreon help make these episodes possible and I am so grateful.  If you would like to support the History and Folklore Podcast tiers range from £1-£5 a month in exchange for benefits including early access to podcast episodes, a monthly zine with more information about the episode topic, chance to vote on episode topics, recorded folktales and how to train your house elf fact files. Patrons help pay towards the cost of running the podcast and are greatly appreciated. You can also follow the podcast on Instagram at history and folklore, twitter at HistoryFolklore and Facebook at the History and Folklore podcast where I post hopefully interesting history and folklore facts pretty much daily and answer any questions or feedback. Thank you so much for listening, and I look forward to seeing you next time.

PURCHASE THE GO CREATOR GO BOOK & JOURNAL:www.antoinebeane.comhttps://www.amazon.com/dp/B08GV2DK1Vhttps://www.amazon.com/dp/B08GVJ6MP5FOLLOW GO CREATOR GO & TRIUMPH MEDIAWORKS:Facebook & IG: @gogreatorgo & @triumphmediaworkswww.triumphmediaworks.com____________________________*SCRIPTURES CONCERNING OBEDIENCE:OBEDIENCE IS A COMMAND:Deuteronomy 6:4-9“Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one. You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might. And these words that I command you today shall be on your heart. You shall teach them diligently to your children, and shall talk of them when you sit in your house, and when you walk by the way, and when you lie down, and when you rise. You shall bind them as a sign on your hand, and they shall be as frontlets between your eyes. You shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates.”FAMILY - Ephesians 6:1-3 Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. “Honor your father and mother” (this is the first commandment with a promise), “that it may go well with you and that you may live long in the land.” ON THE JOB - Hebrews 13:17 (KJV)Obey them that have the rule over you, and submit yourselves: for they watch for your souls, as they that must give account, that they may do it with joy, and not with grief: for that is unprofitable for you.THE LORD EXPECTS OBEDIENCE:John 15:14 “If you love me, you will keep my commandments.”John 14:23 “Jesus answered and said to him, “Whoever loves me will keep my word, and my Father will love him, and we will come to him and make our dwelling with him.”2 John 1:6 And this is love, that we walk according to his commandments; this is the commandment, just as you have heard from the beginning, so that you should walk in it.Galatians 5:13-14 For you were called to freedom, brothers. Only do not use your freedom as an opportunity for the flesh, but through love serve one another.For the whole law is fulfilled in one word: “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.”________________WE LOVE THE LORD BECAUSE HE FIRST LOVED US: 1 John 4:19 “We love because He first loved us.” 1 Corinthians 15:58 “Therefore, my beloved brothers, be firm, steadfast, always fully devoted to the work of the Lord, knowing that in the Lord your labor is not in vain.”Leviticus 22:31 “Be careful to observe my commandments. I am the Lord.”John 14:21 “Whoever has my commands and keeps them is the one who loves me. The one who loves me will be loved by my Father, and I too will love them and show myself to them.”Matthew 22:36-40 “Teacher, which is the greatest commandment in the Law?” Jesus replied: “‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’ This is the first and greatest commandment. 39 And the second is like it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’ All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments.”___________________DANGERS  OF DISOBEDIENCE:LOSS OF PROMISES - Numbers 20:7-12 … and the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, “Take the staff, and assemble the congregation, you and Aaron your brother, and tell the rock before their eyes to yield its water. So you shall bring water out of the rock for them and give drink to the congregation and their cattle.” And Moses took the staff from before the LORD, as he commanded him. Then Moses and Aaron gathered the assembly together before the rock, and he said to them, “Hear now, you rebels: shall we bring water for you out of this rock?” And Moses lifted up his hand and struck the rock with his staff twice, and water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their livestock. And the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “Because you did not believe in me, to uphold me as holy in the eyes of the people of Israel, therefore you shall not bring this assembly into the land that I have given them.” YOU WILL STAND ALONE WITH NO GODLY HELP - Judges 2:1-3 Now the angel of the LORD went up from Gilgal to Bochim. And he said, “I brought you up from Egypt and brought you into the land that I swore to give to your fathers. I said, ‘I will never break my covenant with you, and you shall make no covenant with the inhabitants of this land; you shall break down their altars.’ But you have not obeyed my voice. What is this you have done? So now I say, I will not drive them out before you, but they shall become thorns in your sides, and their gods shall be a snare to you.” YOU ARE DENIED BLESSINGS - Joshua 5:6 For the people of Israel walked forty years in the wilderness, until all the nation, the men of war who came out of Egypt, perished, because they did not obey the voice of the LORD; the LORD swore to them that he would not let them see the land that the LORD had sworn to their fathers to give to us, a land flowing with milk and honey. YOU WILL BE SUBJECT TO YOUR ENEMIES - Nehemiah 9:20, 26-27 You gave your good Spirit to instruct them and did not withhold your manna from their mouth and gave them water for their thirst. “Nevertheless, they were disobedient and rebelled against you and cast your law behind their back and killed your prophets, who had warned them in order to turn them back to you, and they committed great blasphemies. Therefore you gave them into the hand of their enemies, who made them suffer. (Israel confessing their sins to the LORD) YOU WILL REAP WHAT YOU SOW - Romans 2:6-8 He will render to each one according to his works: to those who by patience in well-doing seek for glory and honor and immortality, he will give eternal life; but for those who are self-seeking and do not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness, there will be wrath and fury. BLESSINGS OF OBEDIENCE:OPENS THE DOORS OF BLESSINGS - Genesis 22:17-18 I will surely bless you, and I will surely multiply your offspring as the stars of heaven and as the sand that is on the seashore. And your offspring shall possess the gate of his enemies, and in your offspring shall all the nations of the earth be blessed, because you have obeyed my voice.” (The LORD speaking to Abraham through an angel) WE WILL BE REWARDED- Proverbs 13:13 Whoever despises the word brings destruction on himself, but he who reveres the commandment will be rewarded.GOD PROTECTS US -Psalms 1:1-2 Blessed is the man who walks not in the counsel of the wicked, nor stands in the way of sinners, nor sits in the seat of scoffers; but his delight is in the law of the LORD, and on his law he meditates day and night.GOD STAYS WITH US AS WE OBEY HIM - Luke 11:28 But he said, “Blessed rather are those who hear the word of God and keep it!”THE LORD REVEALS WHAT’S BEST FOR US WHEN WE OBEY HIM - Ephesians 5:6 Let no one deceive you with empty words, for because of these things the wrath of God comes upon the sons of disobedience.GOD WILL PROVIDE FOR US - ISAIAH 1:19 “If you are willing and obedient, you shall eat the good of the land.”GOD WILL STRENGTHEN US - JOSHUA 1:7 NIV “Be strong and very courageous. Be careful to obey all the law my servant Moses gave you; do not turn from it to the right or to the left, that you may be successful wherever you go.”

Hope For Life with Bob Lenz - an inspiring message for your busy day. This week's devotional theme is Christian Life. Today's episode will be from Philippians 2:17.Philippians 2:17But even if I am being poured out like a drink offering on the sacrifice and service coming from your faith, I am glad and rejoice with all of you.To discover more, visit lifepromotions.org.

Hope For Life with Bob Lenz - an inspiring message for your busy day. This week's devotional theme is Christian Life. Today's episode will be from Colossians 2:6.Colossians 2:6So then, just as you received Christ Jesus as Lord, continue to live your lives in him,To discover more, visit lifepromotions.org.

Hope For Life with Bob Lenz - an inspiring message for your busy day. This week's devotional theme is Christian Life. Today's episode will be from John 12:21.John 12:21They came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida in Galilee, with a request. “Sir,” they said, “we would like to see Jesus.”To discover more, visit lifepromotions.org.

Hope For Life with Bob Lenz - an inspiring message for your busy day. This week's devotional theme is Christian Life. Today's episode will be from 1 Thessalonians 2:12.1 Thessalonians 2:12Encouraging, comforting and urging you to live lives worthy of God, who calls you into his kingdom and glory.To discover more, visit lifepromotions.org.

Hope For Life with Bob Lenz - an inspiring message for your busy day. This week's devotional theme is Christian Life. Today's episode will be from 1 Corinthians 15:10. 1 Corinthians 15:10"But by the grace of God I am what I am, and his grace to me was not without effect. No, I worked harder than all of them - yet not I, but the grace of God that was with me."To discover more, visit lifepromotions.org.

Last week in our Single Series we talked about if it's worth the wait - and we determined it definitely is! But, let's be real - a lot of times, we don't want to! This week we have a special guest, Jasmine, who's blog post about what she's learned when she didn't have sex in 5 years went viral back in 2017. Since then, Jasmine has had sex and shares what she continues to learn on her journey and how to handle if you DON'T want to wait!Engage with Jasmine at on her website https://www.dreamsofjasmine.com/ and on IG @dreamsofjasmine. And don't forget to engage with us @goingnottoodeeppodcast on IG or through email at goingnottoodeep@gmail.com.

Pastor, Wilfredo Pagan09/20/2020 11:00amTimoteo 3: 16-17Como Tu La Utilizas?

On this episode I talk to Hisham Farajallah, from Hebron about the story of Abraham and some of the differences between the Chritian and the Muslim view.

Randy's topic: Infidelity to God's prophetic Word leads to infidelity in Chritian institutions and leaders!

Rick talks with Bishop Harry Jackson. The founder of The Reconciled Church Initiative which seeks to bring racial healing to the church, about what is happening right now in America.

Taking Rap & Hip Hop to the next level with a gospel twist, growing up in a Chritian home, Bucks started writing music in 2017 singing and writing with Elim Christian Center Manurewa. He now is bringing in a fresh new Christian Hip Hop vibe to the music scene. Tony “Buks” Faifai.

Taking Rap & Hip Hop to the next level with a gospel twist, growing up in a Chritian home, Bucks started writing music in 2017 singing and writing with Elim Christian Center Manurewa. He now is bringing in a fresh new Christian Hip Hop vibe to the music scene. Tony “Buks” Faifai.

On this episode Rick will discuss knowledge of individual infiltration of churches. How it is done. Actual examples of Satanic infiltration of churches. How this relates to the me too movement and the victim mentality that has raised from this and other movements. What can be done to curb this in Christian culture. --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/paul-richard-price/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/paul-richard-price/support

God’s love for us is immense, we are His treasure, and we are His joy. Amazing. If only we could see ourselves as God sees us. We need him to put his love and his joy and what he’s feeling into us and that’s what he promises us. When God does a work in us and puts his joy in our heart, it becomes tangible & deep-seated and moves us to rejoice and worship Him through a desire for holy living and complete obedience.

When going through a difficult situation it is hard to guard your heart. Listen as we continue to learn from the story of Joseph from Gen. 39 on how important it is to keep a servants heart and to live above your circumstances.

On today's eposide of Morning meditation I want us to continue this theme of spiritual warfare. If you have been a Chritian for any legnth of time then you understand the reality of Spirtual Warfare. Before we move forward let me explain what I mean when I say Spiritual Warfare. This is an important point to clarify because there are countless individuals you have a skewed understanding of what the bible calls spiritual warfare. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/the-proverbial-life/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/the-proverbial-life/support

If I were a campaign manager or the agent for some up and coming star, my plan for their initial rise into publicity would be to go big right from the start. Yet that's not how God did it. Jesus' ministry doesn't begin with some big party but with the simple act of baptism. A fact that I've been stirring over all week. God is so good my friend and I can't wait to tell you why. Deeper Devos >>> https://deeperdevos.orgDevotional Scripture: Mark 1:8-11

What does it mean to be born again, and how can someone truly be born again? For this episode of Salvation Today, Evangelist Chris Mikkelson teaches on the topic of being born again. Listen as Chris shares from a story found in the gospel of John, where Jesus addresses a man named Nicodemus and teaches him how he can truly be born again.

Avi Lipkin, Israeli Expert on Judeo-Chritian Beliefs and Alliances, https://www.avilipkin.net/, https://www.avilipkin.net/avi-s-books, Trump’s US Embassy Jerusalem SE City Jerusalem Stone Guilding, Protection of Jews Christians in America and MidEast and Globally, Venezuelan Russian Nukes, Chinese Special Forces in Venezuela, Cuban Military and Maduro Private Guard, Danger of Kushner Two State Solution After 2019 Ramadan Islamic Holy Month, Trump Needs Intel for Border, Russia China Advisers from Samuel Council, Dangers of Nuclear War EMP Attack Imminent America and West, World Powers Locked in Trade and War Negotiations, Israeli State Pro-Abortion with Religious Christians and Jews in Opposition, Secular Tel Aviv Pushes Alternative Lifestyles LQBT,Dr Bill Deagle MD AAEM ACAM A4M, NutriMedical Report Show, www.NutriMedical.com, www.ClayandIRON.com, www.Deagle-Network.com,NutriMedical Report Show,https://www.avilipkin.net/https://www.avilipkin.net/avi-s-books For information regarding your data privacy, visit Acast.com/privacy See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

The world has yet to see a united church. Dominic Russo is a speaker, a humanitarian, and an innovator in international missions. At the young age of 20, Dominic founded Missions.Me and began organizing strategic outreach campaigns in cities across Latin America. Hear his story and be encouraged no matter your age to fulfill your calling.

Jesus, Christ, Chritian

New Hope Tallmadge

New Hope Tallmadge

Jesus, Christ, Chritian

Today we will look into this passage to find what it takes to have a proper focus on Christ. We will discover that we have a new position in Christ. And as a result, we are to live with new priorities.

New Hope Tallmadge

New Hope Tallmadge

There are two choises What does it mean to be a true Chritian? We need to examine ourselves Christ is the one we should build our lives on.

EP 039 Meet Ellen GUEST Sherolin Daley Pt. 3 of 3 Sherolin Daley, health coach and director of a plant-based/vegetarian cooking school, outlines the 8 Laws of Health in EP 039 and the conclusion of the "Shake & Bake" series.  The wife of Leroy Daley, the Northeastern Conference of Seventh-day Adventists' Health Ministries director, is on the frontline of helping people transition to healthier living primarily through nutrition. Although she admits that it is not always an easy task, she does offer divinely-inspired solutions. The text is from chapter nine "Teaching and Healing" p. 110 in the Harvestime Books' edition of The Ministry of Healing, the focus of the Meet Ellen podcast.  

2Ti 4:1 I charge thee therefore before God, and the Lord Jesus Christ, who shall judge the quick and the dead at his appearing and his kingdom; 2Ti 4:2 Preach the word; be instant in season, out of season; reprove, rebuke, exhort with all longsuffering and doctrine. 2Ti 4:3 For the time will come when […] The post Radical Chritian Desciples Part 2 appeared first on Blackville Church of God.

Green Grinch: A Greens Councillor wants to stop a Christmas party because non-Chritian people find the word Christmas offensive. Justin Smith speaks with Rabbi Eli Feldman, not offended at all over the word. More…

Join Christian Life Coach ,Minister Kimberly Horvath, and Minister McCarty, Chicago Based Poet known as SistaPoochie for a look at What's Next. Enjoy her exciting Chritian teachings,

Join Christian Life Coach ,Minister Kimberly Horvath, and Minister McCarty, Chicago Based Poet known as SistaPoochie for a look at What's Next. Enjoy exciting Chritian teachings,

Join Christian Life Coach ,Minister Kimberly Horvath, and Minister McCarty, Chicago Based Poet known as SistaPoochie for a look at What's Next. Enjoy exciting Chritian teachings, 

Join Christian Life Coach ,Minister Kimberly Horvath, and Minister McCarty, Chicago Based Poet known as SistaPoochie for a look at What's Next. Enjoy exciting Chritian teachings.

Join Christian Life Coach ,Minister Kimberly Horvath, and Minister McCarty, Chicago Based Poet known as SistaPoochie for a look at What's Next. Enjoy exciting Chritian teachings, poetry, music, and a Gospel Dance/House Mix by Resident Dj Frankie Vibe

No Matter what our age we can always change and renew ourselves. Ken explains how to do this and be happier with yourself.

Many farm events and banquets in the US begin with prayer.  This farm meeting opened with a joint prayer of Chritian and Muslim farmers.  They...

telemarketers call me. XD just listen. and heres the link to my youtube stuff! please check it out and rate it/comment it!!!! youtube channel: http://www.youtube.com/user/treestoojes?feature=mhum the HD video i mentioned: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wWfjwF85Z8Y

i have a visitor today. my cousin joey. just talking about old memories.

sharing some of me talents with you today and telling you how i got to be inspired!

im sorry for not telling you all i changed my sceduel but i did go deal with it, and also cyber bulling, homosexualiy is a choice, airsoft, and pockeymon. i prolly spelled alot of that wrong. just saying!

Agape Pt. 2

What should we do with the riches God has blessed us with? One surprising answer from 1 Timothy 6:17 is that we are to enjoy it! This message (the third in our series) looks at how we can enjoy what God has given us without falling prey to the temptations of wealth.

What should we do with the riches God has blessed us with? One surprising answer from 1 Timothy 6:17 is that we are to enjoy it! This message (the third in our series) looks at how we can enjoy what God has given us without falling prey to the temptations of wealth.