Podcasts about Scandium

In this episode, Jeremy and Camilla return to discuss key aspects of their nearly 40-year-old postgraduate course, Dynamis. They begin by exploring the foundational concepts of homeopathy, particularly the need to classify cases—acute, chronic, epidemic, or miasmatic—before selecting remedies. Jeremy shares insights from his decades of international practice and introduces the idea of the "similimum" as a sequence of remedies rather than a single solution. The episode highlights the structure and goals of the Dynamis course, covering philosophy, Materia Medica, case-taking, and practice management. Camilla talks about her book Beyond Organic, which connects homeopathy with organic gardening and plant care. Jeremy also previews his upcoming book on epidemics, emphasizing the importance of understanding epidemic disease as a collective experience.   Episode Highlights: 03:41 - Jeremy and Camilla's World Tour 09:05 -  Camilla's Book and Agri Homeopathy 13:07 - Jeremy's Organon Book Update 17:09 - The Dynamis Course Overview 28:41 -  Course Structure and Flexibility 31:29 - Business Management in Homeopathy 33:01 - Avoiding Burnout in Homeopathic Practice 36:45 - Introduction to the Book on Epidemics 41:47 - The Role of Technology in Epidemic Management 48:20  - Personal Stories and Experiences 54:07 - Exploring New Homeopathic Remedies 01:01:33 Upcoming Conferences and Events   About my Guests: Jeremy Sherr is an internationally renowned homeopath, educator, and author whose work has significantly shaped modern homeopathic practice. Born in South Africa and raised in Israel, he began studying homeopathy in 1980 at the College of Homoeopathy in London while also earning a degree in Acupuncture from the International College of Oriental Medicine. Although he practices homeopathy exclusively, his deep understanding of Chinese Medicine informs his approach. In 1986, he founded the Dynamis School for Advanced Homoeopathic Studies, now the longest-running postgraduate program in the field, and has since taught in over 30 countries. A prolific author and researcher, Jeremy has published numerous textbooks and journal articles, conducted provings of 32 new homeopathic remedies, and contributed significant works such as Dynamic Materia Medica: Syphilis and the Q-Rep repertory of Mental Qualities. He also developed The Dynamic Case Taker software to enhance homeopathic casetaking and analysis. His achievements have earned him a fellowship from the Society of Homoeopaths, a Ph.D. from Medicina Alternativa, and honorary academic positions in China and Argentina. Recently, he has devoted himself to “Homeopathy for Health in Africa,” a humanitarian project treating HIV/AIDS patients in Tanzania and researching epidemic remedies, further expanding the reach and impact of his life's work.   Camilla Sherr is a passionate and experienced homeopath whose career spans over 30 years, rooted in a deep belief in the mind-body connection and the holistic healing power of homeopathy. After graduating from The Finnish Institute of Homeopathy and completing postgraduate studies at the Dynamis School, she went on to teach and lead remedy provings, including Scandium and Honey. For the past 15 years, she has lived in Tanzania with her husband, Jeremy Sherr, co-founding Homeopathy for Health in Africa, a non-profit dedicated to treating HIV/AIDS patients with homeopathy. Camilla also has a keen interest in Agrihomoeopathy and is the co-creator of Clil Botanicals, a line of therapeutic skincare products combining homeopathy with Tanzanian seed oils. Her dedication to healing extends beyond her clinical work, having served as President of the Finnish Society of Homoeopathy and receiving a Fellowship from the UK Society of Homeopaths, all while continuing to explore and expand the applications of homeopathy in everyday life.   2 x Complimentary 4R Video sessions: https://vimeo.com/1078474070?share=copy https://vimeo.com/1087753300/58251ed747?share=copy   4R and Socials Info: https://www.dynamis.edu/new-page https://www.dynamis.edu/ https://www.instagram.com/dynamis_school_homoeopathy https://www.patreon.com/JEREMYSHERR   4R Season 4 Sign Up link: Season 4: https://tqfs.official.academy/?aaid=gYWrL#!jeremys-4r-materia-medica-season-4/LJRQN/c/JEREMY/ 4R Seasons 1, 2, or 3 Sign-Up Links: Season 1: https://tqfs.official.academy/?aaid=gYWrL#!jeremys-4-r-materia-medica-bundle/LJR99/c/JEREMY/ Season 2: https://tqfs.official.academy/?aaid=gYWrL#!jeremys-4r-materia-medica-bundle-2/LX5ZQ/c/JEREMY/ Season 3: https://tqfs.official.academy/?aaid=gYWrL#!jeremys-4r-materia-medica-bundle-3/z0k92/c/JEREMY/   If you would like to support the Homeopathy Hangout Podcast, please consider making a donation by visiting www.EugenieKruger.com and click the DONATE button at the top of the site. Every donation about $10 will receive a shout-out on a future episode. Join my Homeopathy Hangout Podcast Facebook community here: https://www.facebook.com/groups/HelloHomies Follow me on Instagram https://www.instagram.com/eugeniekrugerhomeopathy/ Here is the link to my free 30-minute Homeopathy@Home online course: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqBUpxO4pZQ&t=438s Upon completion of the course - and if you live in Australia - you can join my Facebook group for free acute advice (you'll need to answer a couple of questions about the course upon request to join): www.facebook.com/groups/eughom            

Heavy Rare Earths: Ore grade uranium, rare earths and scandium … at the same project! Listen to ASX-listed Heavy Rare Earths Director Richard Brescianini talk to Matt Birney on the Bulls N’ Bears Report about the company’s remarkable reinvention of an old uranium mine as a scandium and rare earths play – in addition to uranium. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

gmischtersatz.rocks Nr.124: Wir berichten über die jährliche Würdigung des Heiligen Leopolds beim Burger in Kalladorf und wurden vom Iuvenis Sauvignon blanc 2024 überrascht.Eine Empfehlung für alle die ein besonders Museum besuchen wollen: Das Fälschermuseum in der Löwengasse. Spannende Exponate und haarsträubende Geschichten rund ums Fälschen.Ein Lob an alle Mütter die brav für ihre Sprösslinge die Miete zahlen, auch wenn sie € 235.000,-- monatlich ausmacht. Dazu gibt es noch eine Anleitung zur Befüllung einer Stiftung - der Standard hat hier ausgezeichnet recherchiert. Wenn Wein-Nachten und Ostern zusammenfallen sind das dann multikulturelle Fusionsfesttage. Der Weihnachtswahnsinn hat bereits begonnen, wir berichtenWickerl hat die genderneutralen Spielkarten für sich entdeckt und will uns mit neuartigen Tarock-Karten überzeugen. Wir sind da noch ein wenig skeptisch wenn der Pagat auf einmal Wasserstoff heißt und der Sküs Scandium.Chatgpt fasziniert uns immer mehr - inzwischen spricht es fast fehlerlos wienerisch. Das stimmt uns fröhlich, dass der Dialekt wenigstens in den weiten des Internets eine Überlebenschance hat. Wien wurde bereits zum 3. mal nacheinander nicht zur unfreundlichsten Stadt gewählt. Ein Trend der beendet gehört und wir überlegen uns entsprechende Strategien.Unsere üblichen Kategorien runden den Podcast ab und wir wünschen gute Unterhaltung. Wir freuen uns wie immer über Feedback unter gmischtersatz.rocks@gmail.com Wickerl und Erich#gmischtersatz #Fälschungen #Iuvenis #Burger #FälschermuseumWir freuen uns über Feedback unter gmischtersatz.rocks@gmail.com Wickerl und Erich

We are delighted to bring you a conversation on the environmental impacts of technology with web designer and digital consultant Gerry McGovern. Daithí and Gerry have a wide-ranging talk about topics such as e-waste and the challenges of recycling most phones and laptops; how to lengthen the life of your devices; the embedded water and material impacts of devices and the huge demand for mining of metals that they create; the amount of unnecessary data that is created every year and the energy required to store it; how you can employ simple strategies to use less data; how to make your website use less energy; the large energy requirements of Artificial Intelligence; how Gerry is heartened by the Right to Repair movement and the potential of community activism to drive change. Music in this episode comes from Samuel Arnold Keane. Links: 1. Gerry McGovern - https://gerrymcgovern.com/world-wide-waste/                 2. Gerry's Podcast 'World Wide Waste' - https://www.thisishcd.com/podcast-category/world-wide-waste-with-gerry-mcgovern                                          3. e-waste toxicity in landfill - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352186421006970#:~:text=1%20(Chen%20et%20al.%2C,70%25%20in%20terms%20of%20toxicity.                               4. Statistics on lifecycle carbon emissions of a phone - https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/your-phone-really-smart#:~:text=Yet%2C%20around%2080%20per%20cent,the%20lifespan%20of%20devices%20shrinks   5. Rare earth metals present in phones - https://www.acs.org/education/chemmatters/past-issues/archive-2014-2015/smartphones.html#:~:text=Scandium%20and%20yttrium%20are%20included,the%2017%20rare%20earth%20metals.                                                                                        6. Recycling Rate of e-waste - https://unitar.org/about/news-stories/press/global-e-waste-monitor-2024-electronic-waste-rising-five-times-faster-documented-e-waste-recycling                                   7. Fairphone - https://www.fairphone.com/nl                    8. Energy demand of any website - https://www.websitecarbon.com/                                               9. Data centre energy use in Ireland 2023 - https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-dcmec/datacentresmeteredelectricityconsumption2023/keyfindings/#:~:text=The%20percentage%20of%20total%20metered%20electricity%20consumption%20accounted%20for%20by,10%25%20(See%20Infographic).                                                      10. Google's plans to build data centre in Uruguay - https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/article/2024/aug/01/uruguay-anger-environmental-cost-google-datacentre-carbon-emissions-toxic-waste-water                                               11. Lifecycle emissions comparison of EV vs Internal Combustion Engine car - https://www.visualcapitalist.com/life-cycle-emissions-evs-vs-combustion-engine-vehicles/                                  12. Projection for growth in material extraction demand to 2050 https://knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu/foresight/topic/aggravating-resource-scarcity/raw-materials-non-renewable-resources_en                           13. 10x more energy required for AI search compared to traditional search engines - https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/6b2fd954-2017-408e-bf08-952fdd62118a/Electricity2024-Analysisandforecastto2026.pdf                                          14. Electricity consumption from data centres, AI and the cryptocurrency sector could double by 2026 - https://www.iea.org/reports/electricity-2024/executive-summary                                                                                   15. Right to Repair Directive - https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240419IPR20590/right-to-repair-making-repair-easier-and-more-appealing-to-consumers 16. Samuel Arnold Keane - https://www.instagram.com/samyelyel/

Doubleview Gold Corp CEO Farshad Shirvani joined Steve Darling from Proactive to announce the maiden Mineral Resource Estimate for the Hat project in northwestern British Columbia, emphasizing the project's major contents of copper, cobalt, and the potential for scandium. Shirvani highlighted that the company has made extensive efforts since 1993, with significant progress since 2011, marking a transition from exploration to mining development—a major milestone for its shareholders. The Hat project currently reports 627 million tonnes of indicated resources and 477 million tonnes of inferred resources, which together represent only 15% of the explored area. The focus on high-grade material has resulted in an estimate of 970 million tonnes of material. The deposit is rich in copper, gold, cobalt, silver, and potential scandium. The inclusion of scandium is particularly significant, given its importance in aerospace and defense, with North America heavily reliant on imports from China and Russia. Shirvani also announced that Doubleview Gold Corp plans further drilling and baseline environmental studies aimed at expanding the deposit and incorporating scandium into the resource estimate by the end of the year. #proactiveinvestors #doubleviewgoldcorp #TSX #gold #otcqb #dblvf #mining #scandium #MineralResource, #HatProject, #MiningDevelopment, #Exploration, #Gold, #Copper, #Cobalt, #Silver, #Scandium, #ResourceEstimate, #MiningIndustry, #BritishColumbia, #FarshadShirvani, #MaidenEstimate, #EnvironmentalStudies, #AerospaceMaterials, #Metallurgy, #Shareholders, #ProactiveNewsroom #invest #investing #investment #investor #stockmarket #stocks #stock #stockmarketnews

Coffee with Samso Episode 196 is with Matt Szwedzicki, Managing Director of West Cobar Metals Limited (ASX: WC1) In my first conversation in June 2023 with West Cobar Metals Limited, I noticed the amphibolite basement for the Salazar project and asked how this could affect the mineralogy of the project. With nearly 12 months of work since that time, the benefits of the Newmont deposit are now coming to light. In this episode of Coffee with Samso, Matt Szwedzicki shares with us the potential multi-commodity aspect of the Newmont deposit. The company has come a long way in substantiating its view on the new strategy in bringing light to the Titanium and Scandium part of the flow chart. This is an unfolding story and credit goes to the management for looking at the alternative value of the Newmont project. The increasing tenure of the project means that the protection of the potential value adding process is now in safekeeping. The potential extension of the amphibolite is now for West Cobar Metals to discover and if the Scandium and Titanium strategy holds ground, the shareholder value will be very interesting. Time will tell, but at least it is up to the company to find it. Samso's Conclusion I have been fascinated with the West Cobar story as it is the only Rare Earth project that I have come across that has a amphibolite basement, or rather, one that has a non-granitic basement. This stands out even more when you know that the Esperance region does not appear to have an equivalent. When I first talked to the company, I posed the question to management, what is the significance of the amphibolite? Does it come with other commodities (at that time they had a HPA resource sitting on top of the Newmont project)? There is now a pathway for the company and it will be interesting where this leads to in terms of shareholder value. The scandium story is very interesting as I have had some experience of that sector nearly a decade ago. If you watch the video and listen to Matt when he talks about the Scandium pricing mechanism, it is a revelation. For once, we have a market that is priced so high that it needs new supply to bring the pricing down so that it can create more supply and more use. It is not a matter of lack of demand, but that the sector needs supply. When you think about what the implication will mean, the opportunity for shareholder value adding is enormous. Chapters: 00:00 Start 00:20 Introduction 01:23 Update from Matt 01:43 More ground for Salazar 01:56 An updated exploration target 02:22 Realisation that Newmont is different 02:40 The Titanium Factor 02:59 Titanium Exploration Target 03:06 Presence of HPA 03:30 Flow Sheet 04:52 Titanium Mineral Study 06:05 What about this Scandium in Salazar? 07:32 Is Newmont more of a Critical Minerals project as opposed to a Rare Earth project? 09:02 Is there enough volume for the other commodities to be economical? 10:47 What triggers should investors look for to take a position in companies like WC1? 12:55 All about Scandium 14:40 Why is Scandium exciting? 15:43 The high pricing of Scandium. 16:41 Supply bottleneck may be changing 17:50 US Defense Department looking out for Scandium 18:24 Solid oxide fuel cell use of Scandium - green fuel transition 19:13 Where will the new mines come from - reasons why Newmont is the front runner 19:46 Newmont may have a potential positive metallurgical pathway 21:17 High grade vs. normal grade of Scandium 22:48 News Flow 24:43 A Natural pivot for WC1 25:49 Last words from Matt 26:57 Conclusion

Scandium er grunnstoffet som ikke brukes så mye, men som likevel finnes i et smalt segment både i sportsverden og i lyskastere. I denne episoden får du vite hvorfor det ble Klondike-stemning i Iveland på 50-tallet da de fant masse Thortveititt-stein, og vi gir deg reisetips til hvor du selv kan lete etter dette nokså sjeldne grunnstoffet. Og så er det det ene grunnstoffet som forener de skandinaviske landene med navnevalget Scandium. Selv om det nok en gang var en svenske som oppdaget det. Vi har også besøk av Joachim Seland Graff fra Sintef som forteller om egenskapene til Scandium og ikke minst om hans fasinasjon for elektronmikroskopet.Bli med oss på vår vimsete reise gjennom det periodiske system der vi får nerdet fra oss og gravd oss dypt ned i hvert enkelt grunnstoff, men på et nivå som alle skal kunne forstå. Med oss på reisen har vi eksperter som kan mer enn de fleste om de ulike grunnstoffene og hjelper oss å skjønne litt mer av det vi alle er lagd av. Vi er Gunstein Skomedal (materialteknolog UiA), Ole Martin Løvvik (fysiker, UiO/Sintef) og Birte Runde (journalist i Eyde-klyngen).Har du forslag til grunnstoff vi bør snakke om, gjester/eksperter vi bør invitere eller besøke, eller morsomme fakta og historier om et grunnstoff? Eller har du innspill til lyd, form, innhold eller annet? Send oss gjerne tilbakemelding på gunstein.skomedal@uia.no.

Appia Rare Earth and Uranium Corp President Stephen Burega joined Steve Darling from Proactive to announce that the company has received an independent maiden Mineral Resource Estimate for its ionic adsorption clay project PNH located in Brazil. Burega shared with Proactive that the maiden resource for the PCH Project is estimated at 52.8 million tonnes, consisting of 6.6 million tonnes of indicated resources with a grade of 2,513 parts per million total rare earth oxide (TREO), and 46.2 million tonnes of inferred resources with a grade of 2,888 ppm TREO. He further highlighted that the deposit contains significant concentrations of neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium, and terbium, which are rare earth elements in high demand to produce permanent magnets. Currently, the company is conducting a significant evaluation of the potential desorbed rare earth oxide, with results pending. Additionally, Appia continues its exploratory auger drilling program to test multiple new target areas across the PCH project, which spans over 40,000 hectares. The company plans to evaluate future targets for TREO, scandium, and cobalt potential as well. #proactiveinvestors #appiarareearths&uraniumcorp #mining #cse #api #otcqx #apaaf #rareearths #UraniumExploration, #MiningNews, #RareEarthElements, #MineralResources, #SGSCanadaReport, #BrazilMiningProject, #NorthernSaskatchewan, #ElliottLake, #IonicClay, #ExplorationDrilling, #ResourceEstimation, #TRIO, #HighGradeZone, #RareEarthsMining, #UraniumResources, #CanadianMining, #BrazilExploration, #MiningUpdate2024, #Geology, #MineralExploration, #SustainableMining, #EnergyMetals, #Scandium, #Cobalt #invest #investing #investment #investor #stockmarket #stocks #stock #stockmarketnews

Aaron, Dave and Nicole answer the question asked many times what are the differences in Mountain Bike Frame Materials, Aluminum, Steel, Titanium, Magnesium, Scandium, Carbon Fiber. Why do some Mountain Bike Companies have 2 "levels" of carbon fiber frames and what does that mean?

Doubleview Gold Corp CEO Farshad Shirvani joined Steve Darling from Proactive to share news the company is on a mission to transform the scandium market in North America. Scandium, a critical metal, is currently dominated by Russia and China, making it challenging for Western industries to secure a steady supply. However, Doubleview aims to change this narrative by unlocking a secure, North American source of scandium and integrating it into domestic supply chains. While Canada and the US do have scandium deposits, they are typically of limited scale and uneconomical to mine due to high upfront costs. Scandium is often just a by-product of other mining operations. Doubleview's vision is to address these challenges with its North American deposit, which holds the potential to become one of the world's largest scandium sources. Mining in this region is expected to be straightforward. Furthermore, Doubleview possesses proprietary processing technology, validated through successful laboratory tests. This technology could prove invaluable if the mine enters production. The deposit is not just a source of scandium; it also contains copper, gold, cobalt, and other elements, including those used in solar panels. Shirvani told Proactive currently, scandium phosphate sells for around $30 per gram, but Doubleview aims to drive this cost down to as little as $1 per gram. Such a reduction in price would position Doubleview as one of the world's most competitive scandium producers, making it an attractive choice for various industries. In the short term, Doubleview plans to release a resource estimate for a portion of its deposit in the first quarter of 2024, showcasing its size and quality potential. Following this, continued exploration, along with environmental and pre-feasibility work, will determine whether ore is shipped from the deposit or if Doubleview decides to construct its mill, further enhancing sustainability in the process. #proactiveinvestors #doubleviewgoldcorp #TSX #gold #otcqb #dblvf #mining #scandium #ScandiumInnovation #AerospaceRevolution #MiningIndustry #ResourceEstimate #PDAC2024 #CEOInterview #MetalMining #MaterialsTechnology #ScandiumApplications #AluminumAlloy #RareMaterials #MiningUpdate #InnovationInMining #MineralExploration #ResourceRecovery #MetallicMinerals #IndustrialMaterials #StrategicPartnerships #AluminumEnhancement #TechInMining #FutureMaterials #PDACInsights #MiningNews #MineralDepositDiscovery #invest #investing #investment #investor #stockmarket #stocks #stock #stockmarketnews

Chris Thompson, President and Director of Research of eResearch, discusses one of the lesser-known metals in the industry, Scandium. He explains how the demand for the metal from the aluminum industry, aerospace, green energy, and others will only continue to grow. He also delves into the new possibilities that companies are experimenting with that involve the metal. Lastly, to meet this demand, he mentions that companies are stepping up production in the face of new challenges.Get the report on Scandium and other industries at https://eresearch.com/Watch the full YouTube interview here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_-_aUKESswAnd follow us to stay updated: https://www.youtube.com/@GlobalOneMedia?sub_confirmation=1

Grundstoffet scandium, er et af de grundstoffer, som det periodiske systems fader, Mendeleev, vidste måtte eksistere, men ikke gjorde det, da han lavede systemet. Han efterlod tomme pladser, og på en af dem, var der plads til scandium, som blev opdaget i 1879 - 10 år efter det periodiske system blev opfundet. I afsnittet kan du høre om muligheden udvinding af scandium på havbunden og de problemer, nogle frygter det bærer med sig. Periodisk – en RAKKERPAK original produceret af Rakkerpak Productions.Historierne du hører bygger på journalistisk research og fakta. De kan indeholde fiktive elementer som for eksempel dialog.Hvis du kan lide min fortælling, så husk at gå ind og abonnér, give en anmeldelse og fortæl dine venner om Periodisk.Podcasten er blevet til med støtte fra Novo Nordisk Fonden.Hvis du vil vide mere kan du besøge vores website periodisk.dkAfsnittet er skrevet og tilrettelagt af Mads Gordon LadekarlTor Arnbjørn og Dorte Palle er producereRené Slott står for lyddesign og mix Simon Bennebjerg er vært

We're back with an in-depth, enlightening conversation with Standert Bicycles. Max, Maxe, and Bene share their production process, design inspiration, racing heritage, and why they don't have an evil plan to takeover the world with cycling influencer marketing. 2:11 - Throwing Italian Alex and Skyler into the canal4:42 - Shoutout to Red White Apparel 6:02 - Tony's Dad Watts7:53 - How we got to interviewing Standert9:32 - How Standert got started: a cafe, a bike, and beyond22:11 - Contrasting the welcoming fixie/skater ethos with the encroachment of elitist influencer culture25:06 - The organic nature of the welcoming vibes of the Standert group ride27:30 - Building the bikes they want to ride and marketing their own lifestyle28:23 - Max shares the design inspiration for an early frame design30:26 - Why metal bikes?33:54 - Using the same material that's in Fillipo Ganna's hour record bike34:50 - The brand's racing pedigree 42:28 - How their “pretty fun” frame geometry can differ from custom geometry44:42 - Their production process, building in Italy and Taiwan51:17 - The misconception that metal bikes have to be bespoke or inexpensive and mass-produced 54:54 - Working with Dedacciai custom Scandium tubing58:05 - Convincing people that aluminum and metal can still perform 59:58 - What's next for Standert?1:01:38 - Rapid Fire1:08:02 - Into The CanalFollow us on Instagram: instagram.com/cyclingfashionweekGet in touch: cyclingfashionweek@gmail.comHit subscribe, leave a comment and a review wherever you listen to podcasts, it helps us share the best in cycling fashion with the world. 

It's March 12, 2023. Paxton is back with news for kids from around the world. Today Paxton teaches us about Sweden finding rare earth metals, people poisoning dogs in truffle wars, China making giant towers of pigs, Austria debating about the color of bees, and Camila choosing to not wear the Koh-i-Noor diamond.

Interview with Guy Le Page, Executive Director of Conico Ltd (ASX: CNJ)Conico Limited is an Australia-based mineral exploration company. The Company's projects include Ryberg, Mestersvig, Sortekap and Mount Thirsty. The Ryberg Project located within the North Atlantic Igneous Province is a multi-element project spanning an area of approximately 4,521 square kilometers (km2) on the east coast of Greenland and 350 kilometers (km) north-west of Iceland. Ryberg is an under-explored mineral province with a significant amount of magmatism that has intruded the sulphur-rich sediments of the Kangerlussuaq Basin. Mestersvig Project is located on the east coast of Greenland, approximately 620 km North West of Iceland. The license covers an area of 1,447 km2. The Sortekap Project is located on the east coast of Greenland, within the Ryberg Project license package. Mineralization in this area is classified at orogenic style in quartz vein hosted. The Mount Thirsty Project is located 16 km northwest of Norseman in Western Australia is a 50/50 joint venture project.

Doubleview Gold Corp (TSX-V:DBG, OTCQB:DBLVF) CEO Farshad Shirvani tells Proactive's Stephen Gunnion that the company has "hit the jackpot" after it achieved 89% scandium extraction from preliminary metallurgical extraction tests on flotation tailings of its HAT Deposit material in British Columbia. Shirvani says even higher recoveries are expected with the optimization of extraction conditions. The addition of scandium - now recognized as an essential mineral - to a polymetallic resource which includes gold, copper, cobalt, silver and PGE could distinguish the HAT Deposit as a world-class resource, he adds. #ProactiveInvestors #DoubleviewGold #scandium #HAT #TSX #OTCQB

Imperial Mining Group Ltd (TSX-V:IPG, OTCQB:IMPNF) CEO Peter Cashin tells Proactive's Stephen Gunnion that the company is moving towards a feasibility study for its Crater Lake Scandium-Rare Earth Project in Quebec following a positive preliminary economic assessment earlier this year. Cashin explains that in order to convert inferred reserves to indicated reserves the company completed work this summer, and investors should watch out for some surprises as the results are released to the market. In the meantime, Imperial Mining has filed for a provisional US patent as it develops a cost-effective and efficient metallurgical process for scandium, which is considered a critical mineral. "We've attracted about $3 million in research and development grants from Federal and Provincial authorities, mostly to help us advance the technology developing new alloys and applications for those alloys," Cashin added. #ProactiveInvestors #ImperialMiningGroup #scandium #TSX #OTCQB

Scandium abundances of F-G-K dwarf stars in a wide metallicity range by L. Mashonkina et al. on Tuesday 13 September A new model atom of Sc II was constructed using the most up-to-date atomic data. For the testing purpose, the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) calculations were carried out for three stars with reliably determined atmospheric parameters: the Sun, HD~61421 (Procyon), and HD~84937. Accounting for deviations from LTE leads to smaller abundance errors compared with the LTE case and consistent within the error bars abundances obtained from different Sc II lines. Solar non-LTE abundance log eps_Sun = 3.12+-0.05 exceeds the meteoritic abundance recommended by Lodders (2021), by 0.08~dex. But agreement within 0.02~dex with the meteoritic abundance is obtained for Procyon. Using high-resolution spectra, we determined the scandium LTE and non-LTE abundances for 56 stars in the metallicity range -2.62

Doubleview Gold Corp CEO Farshad Shirvani joined Steve Darling from Proactive to share news the company has completed a detailed mineralogical study of the distribution of scandium at the Hat Project in British Columbia. Shirvani telling Proactive the company has had indications that Scandium is present and now a comprehensive test work program is currently under way at Sepro Laboratories in Langley, B.C., with an eye on answering the questions, if there potential for scandium recovery and extraction.

NioCorp Developments CEO and executive chairman Mark Smith and chief operating officer Scott Honan joined Proactive to discuss the ESG benefits of the company's Elk Creek critical minerals project in Southeast Nebraska. Smith and Scott telling Proactive that the green house gas (GHG) reductions that the Niobium, Scandium, Titanium and rare earth byproducts that Elk Creek will produce will far outweigh the environmental impact of the project. The project has the second-largest indicated-or-better rare earth resource in the US, second only to MP Materials' Mountain Pass deposit in California. And with China currently dominating the production of rare earth elements, they said creating a large American producer is hugely important for the future of the electric vehicle (EV) industry.

Now live at the Blur Podcasts, the singular and multi-faceted french artist - Dan Corco! Known for his passion for electronic music, Dan Corco has been producing since early in his career, from techno and electro in the 2000s (Scandium, Goodlife, Rotation) to deep house, tech house and house today, his choices have invariably been determined solely by his aspirations rather than by current trends. There are no limits, simply free expression, improvised in the moment. A broad musical spectrum appreciated by such big labels as Diynamic, Robsoul, Too Many Rules and True Romance, Dan Corco has his own dynamic and funky style. A pumping sound whose sole ambition is to communicate through dance. All this is unfailingly reflected in his DJ sets, where he offers his audience enjoyable moments through the universal language of music. For these reasons and many more he's our guest for the 92nd edition of the Blur Podcasts, which is now live on Soundcloud and Youtube pages. Soundcloud: https://soundcloud.com/blurrecords_ao/blur-podcasts-092 Youtube: https://youtu.be/X67MKJB2sx8 Make sure you follow Dan Corco's work in the links below: https://soundcloud.com/dancorco https://www.facebook.com/DanCorco https://www.instagram.com/dan_corco https://ra.co/dj/dancorco

Uusarendused - mis on hinnad ja kuidas kujuneb piirkonniti nõudlus? Räägime Scandiumi uuest Haapsalu uusarendusest Arutame, kuidas määrab arendaja hetke muutuvas turusituatsioonis müügihinnad Prognoosime aasta teiseks pooleks tehingute arvu normaliseerumist Mida prognoosida aga kinnisvarahindade osas? Mida toob suvi kinnisvaraturul? Hooajaliselt on üürikorterite turg olnud vaikne, kuid tänavune sõjapõgenike hulk hoiab üüriturgu jätuvalt laes Mida tähendab see tudengite jaoks Tallinnas, Tartus ja Pärnus? Teemade üle arutavad Scandium Kinnisvara tegevjuht Maido Lüiste, Arco Vara Kinnisvarabüroo tegevjuht Elari Tamm ja Arco Vara Kinnisvarabüroo analüütik Mihkel Eliste.

La Sélection de 19h à 20h Pour la première heure, Ombline, Mads, Rygo, et leur(s) invité(es) lancent l'émission par une sélection des titres qu'ils aiment ou qu'ils ont découvert récemment. Un condensé musical ponctué par une actualité et le billet d'humeur ou d'humour d'Ombline à 19h30 ! Cette semaine dans la Sélection avec nos guest PAUL NAZCA et L1V3, on découvre les titres du label SCANDIUM RECORDS, dont beaucoup d'exclues qui sortiront prochainement !!! SEROPLEXX  - ERIS PAUL NAZCA - EMOTION MAXIME DANGLES - PLANE PAUL NAZCA - MEMORY (NHAR remix) SEROPLEXX - MONOTONIE VOLTAIRE - API PAUL NAZCA - VERTIGE Lien YouTube vers les Sélection

Doubleview Gold Corp CEO Farshad Shirvani joined Steve Darling from Proactive to share news the company has reported Scandium in previously reported major drill core intercepts of the Lisle deposit at the Hat Project. Shirvani telling Proactive the company has reported copper and gold equivalents as well. The project remains at the early stages with only 41 drills holes completed.

“Kinnisvarajutud” podcasti 70. osas oleme taas juubeli lainel ning seetõttu on stuudios istet võtnud taas üks raskekahurväe esindaja, kui oma teekonnast räägib investor ja Scandium kinnisvara OÜ partner/projektijuht Kaspar Kissa. Tööalaselt läbi karjääri kinnisvaravaldkonnas tegutsenud Kaspar ostis oma esimese üürikorteri 2015. aastal ning sellest ajast alates on kasv olnud meeletu. Kaheksa aastaga on portfellis kokku ca 80 üürilepingut ning kohe-kohe on järgmistes objektides neid arvestataval hulgal neid veel juurde tulemas. Kaspari eripäraks on suurte korterite tootluse maksimeerimine neid tubade kaupa rentides, kuid portfellis on ka igasugu muud huvitavat. Ühel hetkel, kui kasv läks eriti kiireks ja keegi polnud sellist kirjut portfelli nõus hallata võtta, loodi ise kõige krooniks veel ka haldusettevõte. Kõigest sellest ja paljust muust juba saates! NB! Laud oli taas katmata! --- Podcast “Kinnisvarajutud” võtab luubi alla Eesti kinnisvaraturu ning üritab erinevad teemad sügavuti lahti võtta. Eesmärk on rääkida kinnisvarast kui varaklassist (väike)investori vaatenurgast ning olla valdkonnast huvitatutele abimeheks ja meelelahutuseks. Saatejuhid on mikroinvestor ja kinnisvarahuviline Siim Semiskar ja kinnisvaramaakler ning 1Estate Kinnisvara juhatuse liige Algis Liblik. Kuulajad saavad kaasa rääkida, küsimusi küsida või saate kohta tagasisidet anda Facebooki grupis Kinnisvarajutud. Toeta meie tegemisi Patreonis ja saa ligipääs boonusepisoodidele ja muule lisamaterjalile: https://www.patreon.com/kinnisvarajutud

Sunrise Energy Metals Limited is involved in metals recovery and industrial water treatment through their proprietary Clean-iX® continuous ion exchange technology.Sunrise Energy Metals is an ASX listed company with a long history in mining and mining technology, particularly in hydro-metallurgy. Sunrise has built a number of hydro-metallurgy plants for companies all over the world but in the last 10 years they have decided to focus their efforts on applying their technologies to mineral development. The company has built a world class team with a mining background and their key asset is the Sunrise battery materials project in Australia. It is Australia's largest integrated battery materials project focused on battery grade Nickel and Cobalt and also Scandium.The Sunrise Project is one of the largest and most cobalt-rich nickel laterite deposits in the world and is development-ready, with all key permits and approvals in place.  The Sunrise Project is also one of the largest and highest grade scandium deposits globally.The Sunrise Project's unique mineral resource, when combined with the company's proprietary ion-exchange extraction and purification processing technology, has the potential to meet a significant portion of global demand for the raw materials needed to help expand the lithium-ion battery industry, as well as providing scandium for production of the next generation of lightweight aluminium alloys for key transportation markets.A Project Execution Plan was completed in September 2020, which highlighted the Project's global importance as a sustainable, long-life, low-cost source of high purity cobalt and nickel sulphates for the battery revolution.Sunrise hopes to be able to talk to the market on financing this year and construction will follow on quickly once finance is in place. The long term mission for the company is to sustainably deliver high quality battery materials to a decarbonising planet and their project has a 50 year mine life with a lot of optionality going forward.

Aluminium-Scandium-Nitrit besitzt ferroelektrische Eigenschaften – das ist nicht weniger als eine bahnbrechende Erkenntnis, die Dr. Simon Fichtner vom Fraunhofer-Institut für Siliziumtechnologie ISIT gelungen ist. Im Rahmen seiner Doktorarbeit entwickelte er zunächst das Material Aluminium-Scandium-Nitrit und stellte bei Versuchen Ferroelektrizität fest. Dafür wurde Dr. Fichtner mit Platz eins des Hugo-Geiger-Preises ausgezeichnet. Welche Bedeutung seine Entdeckungen für Industrie und Wissenschaft haben und warum die Erkenntnis revolutionär ist, erklärt er in dieser Podcastfolge.

Scandium, yttrium, lanthane, cérium, praséodyme, erbium... Ces métaux ne vous disent probablement rien mais vous en avez sûrement déjà entendu parler sous le nom de terres rares. Cette expression désigne une famille de métaux qui comprend 17 éléments chimiques. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

This chapter has been described from the book, "CONCISE INORGANIC CHEMISTRY", written by J D Lee

Jules and Justice are back at it again, sharing the exciting news: Cool Black Nerd hit #72 on the Spotify Games Chart! Tune in as they continue the conversation, talking in depth about the Sony pre-order mix up, the come-back of multiplayer party games, and how people won a free Tesla! Wait what?Do not forget to like, share, and subscribe to Cool Black Nerd Podcast on your Podcast Platforms and all Social Media!

Tõnu Toompark (Kinnisvarakool) ja Kalle Aron (Scandium Kinnisvara) räägivad väikekorterite ehk mikrokorterite arendamisest ja nende üürituru arengutest. Juttu tuleb, milline on koroon-ajastul olnud mikrokorterite nõudlus ja pakkumine, mis on toimunud Scandium Kinnisvara üürikorterite vakantsuse ja hindadega, kas turul on veel üüriinvestoreid, kas mikrokorter on kriisikindel kinnisvarainvesteering ja paljust muust. Vaata Kinnisvarakooli kinnisvaraintervjuusid videona: Adaur.ee lehel, Kinnisvarakool.ee lehel, Facebook.com/kinnisvara lehel või Youtube.com kanalis. Või telli podcast RSSi kaudu lehelt või oma podcast'i rakenduse kaudu. Vaata ka Facebooki lehti Kinnisvarakool ja Kinnisvara.

Putnam on the US-China Trade Deal and its effect on scandium developers

Scandium, Praséodyme, Cérium ou Terbium, ce sont quelques-uns des 17 métaux qui constituent les terres rares. Des éléments stratégiques pour la fabrication des matériels technologiques, que ce soient pour les smartphones, les voitures électriques, les radars ou les panneaux photovoltaïques. Or, la Chine détient aujourd’hui une position hégémonique dans la production de ces terres rares dans le monde. Une arme dont elle pourrait se servir dans son conflit commercial avec les Etats-Unis, qui importent 80 % de leurs besoins en terres rares ? La menace est suffisamment sérieuse pour que Donald Trump propose au Danemark de lui racheter le Groenland, riche en réserves de terres rares. Pierrick Fay, Muryel Jacque et Jacques Hubert-Rodier vous emmènent à la découverte de ces si précieuses terres rares.La Story est un podcast des « Echos » présenté par Pierrick Fay. Cet épisode a été enregistré en octobre 2019 dans les locaux des « Echos » (Paris, 15e). Rédaction en chef : Clémence Lemaistre. Invités : Muryel Jacque (journaliste aux « Echos ») et Jacques Hubert-Rodier (éditorialiste aux « Echos »). Réalisation : Nicolas Jean. Chargée de production et d’édition : Michèle Warnet. Musique : Théo Boulenger. Identité graphique : Upian. Photo : Shutterstock. Sons : Euronews, CNBC, CGTN, AFP, BRGM. Voir Acast.com/privacy pour les informations sur la vie privée et l'opt-out. See acast.com/privacy for privacy and opt-out information.

Predicted by Mendeleev & useful for alloying with aluminium, scandium was involved in a famous cricket scandal, says AUT's Allan Blackman in ep 73 of Elemental.

Predicted by Mendeleev & useful for alloying with aluminium, scandium was involved in a famous cricket scandal, says AUT's Allan Blackman in ep 73 of Elemental.

Predicted by Mendeleev & useful for alloying with aluminium, scandium was involved in a famous cricket scandal, says AUT's Allan Blackman in ep 73 of Elemental.

Two men with no confidence talk about having confidence. The number 21 is all over the board. Scandium and Bill have a lot in common. The fellas question the validity of Captain and Tenille’s captain credentials. Which, obviously, leads to talking about KISS. Matt loves women’s volleyball. Shillings and guineas lead to a visit from Glenister. Famous Lemons are discussed. A debate breaks out over the top 3 power forwards of all time. HJs get their own parody lyrics. We go deep into The Giraffe’s secret lair to learn more about Shelly’s latest dilemma. Peter Falk gets cast and someone profits from it. Bruce Willis gets cast and we wander back into the zen garden for some meditative Guyku. Music Credits: Metaphysik by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com) Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/Find out more at https://gggrinfinite.pinecast.co

Kuidas leida “kirss tordil” kinnisvaraobjekte? Panelistid: Kalle Aronil on varasemalt 10 aastat ellujäämise kogemust väikeettevõtjana. Täna on ta Scandium kinnisvara kaasasutaja ja arendusjuht omades portfellis investeeringuid €13k’st €7,6M’ni. Ergo Mõttus avastas 22-aastaselt enda jaoks kinnisvara, mis viis ta juba kolme aasta pärast seisu, kus ta ei pidanud enam palgatööl käima. Tema strateegiaks on investeerida ainult rahavoo projektidesse. Kristjan Mauer on kogenud ärijuht olles tegelenud palju äri arendamise, müügi ja turundusega. Täna on ta Crowdestate’i äriarenduse partner. Paneeli juhtis Markus Roogna Salvestatud: Juuli 2018 Leia meid: Kodulehelt: www.investeerimisklubi.ee Facebookis: www.facebook.com/Investeerimisklubi Podcastis: https://soundcloud.com/investeerimisklubi Instagramis: www.instagram.com/investeerimisklubi Youtube’s: http://www.youtube.com/c/InvesteerimisklubiEesti Lisaks: Ühine ka investorite Facebooki grupiga: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1591687221066735/ , et osaleda aruteludes ja saada põnevat infot Kiika, milliseid keskkondi Investeerimisklubi eestvedajad soovitavad: https://investeerimisklubi.ee/investeeri/ NB! Kõiki toodud platvorme/tooteid kasutavad Investeerimisklubi eestvedajad ka ise aktiivselt.

Latest episode of Investor Intel

From jet fighters to sporting events to Low Earth Orbit, scandium seems to find itself at the center of conflict.

Dieses Mal sind wir wieder "richtig" zu dritt - Der Arvid ist live mit dabei, sogar im Wohnzimmer-Studio. Wir redem im Warmlabern über Wissenschaftspodcasts im Alllgemeinen und schweifen ausgiebig ab - über Gott und die Welt, Roman- und Fernsehserien, SciFi und Fantasy. Das Element Scandium selbst gibt nicht viel her mit 15 Tonnen Jahresproduktion, eröffnet aber einen Blick in eine "andere" Chemie, als wir sie bei den Elementen der bisherigen Folgen beschrieben haben: Die Welt der Nebengruppenelemte, allesamt Metalle, die nicht der Oktettregel folgen, sondern mit der 18-Elektronen-Regel die Komplexchemie ermöglichen. Danach kommt unser Rätsel, das man bei einem koffeinhaltigen Getränk aus den "Molekülen" in Ruhe lösen kann.

Scandium est un label techno fondé en 2000 par Paul Nazca et Ultracolor.  Depuis ils ont signé des artistes de renom comme Oxia, Maxime Dangles, Electric Rescue ou encore Marc Romboy. Après quelques années d'absence le label revient en force en 2017 avec un excellent EP de Paul Nazca "Memory", joué et rejoué par les plus grands comme Laurent Garnier ou Sven Vath.  On vous parle de ce nouveau label pendant 1h et vous rediffuse un mix de Paul Nazca enregistré au mythique Rex Club.  Enjoy

Our weekly news round-up: Incredible Apple Park nears completion; Big improvements in RAM; April 22 is March For Science Day in the US; Scandium - a miracle element and Australia has heaps; New twists in Uber's legal stoush with Google; AI beats the worst traffic; Tesla plans its own city near Cambridge, UK; NanoCore software maker faces charges for others' misuse of his popular remote access tool; NBN admits putting 100,000 connections in the too hard basket.

With tracks from Edo Mela, Casino Times, Joyce Muniz, Ruede Hagelstein, The KDMS, The Heels Of Love, Rondenion, Simian Mobile Disco, Jackee, A Sagittariun, Anaxander, SFV Acid, Serge Santiágo, Disco Nihlist, Christian Prommer, Tim Deluxe, Pablo Bolivar, Levon Vincent, GummiHz, Jay Shepheard and Maxi Mill. Contact: dj@ribeaud.ch.

Scandium podcast from Chemistry World - the magazine of the Royal Society of Chemistry.

The Show Notes:A phone callIntroA wet Fourth of July Fireworks"...at least I know I’m free"Tee Morris bumperA Day in the Life of Sylvia Brown's AssistantTee Morris bumperJailhouse Rock / Anal RapeTee Morris bumperInteresting Fauna Goblin shark: Mitsukurina OwstoniTee Morris bumperOccasional Songs for the Periodic TableMagnesium, Aluminum, Silicon, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine, Argon, Potassium, Calcium, Scandium, Titanium, Vanadium, Chromium, Manganese, IronGeo and his Dad talk nerd  Religious Moron of the Week (double-header)- the staff at St. Peter the Apostle school in Melbourne, Australia- the morons at the VaticanBig Super Duper Special Ask George next weekShow Close......................................Mentioned in the show: Lisa Bodnar at her site and her Myspace page, Tee Morris, and the Philadelphia Funk Authority.And as always: George's blog, website, flickr, and myspace page. Have a comment on the show, a topic for Minoishe Interroberg, or a question for Ask George? Drop George a line at geo@geologicrecords.net or through his blog.So... what's on your mind?

> Diffusée le 28/04/2006 sur electrOne.net> Diffusée le 29/04/2006 sur radio404.orgSélection éclectique cette semaine, avec un balayage des dernières sorties du moment tous styles confondus, ouvrez grand vos oreilles : on commencera tranquillou avec de l'ambient et la dernière sortie du label Kompakt -> Klimek et son album "Music To Fall Asleep" (qui porte bien son nom), on continuera avec des vibes Dub avec les artists Kode9, The Congos & Friends... une petite transition Trip Hop avec la compilation de Massive Attack "Collected" + le coup de coeur de la semaine : D-Nell "This thing", et on s'écoutera surtout Shine avec le remix de "Ashbury" par Morgan Page, idéal pour les nuits d'été étoilées... on virera UK Hip Hop et Grime carrément, on accélère le tempo avec les albums tout frais de The Streets et Sway + un ptit retour de qq mois avec Shadow Huntaz et son album "Valley of the Shadow"... et on finira électro/techno sur Dirt Crew et leur "First Chapter" et le finish de la première heure avec le dernier mix de Oxia "Picture of now" sur Scandium... tout un programme, avec un petit extrait en bonus de l'interview de Aux88 (réalisé la semaine dernière au Batofar) + des news, des plans teufs...Et en deuxième heure d'émission, l'ami Tweek a sélectionné pour vous cette semaine dans Disc'Over, tenez vous bien : SPANK ROCK (sur Big Dada) !!!!"Malgré l'incroyable créativité du hip hop, sa capacité à générer de nouveaux styles et à se réinventer, ce n'est pas tous les jours que quelque chose de frais et d'original se présente à nos tympans. Accueillons donc comme il se doit “YoYoYoYoYo”, le premier album de Spank Rock. S'inspirant du son de leur ville de Baltimore natale, Spank Rock construit un univers inédit, loin de tous les disques déjà entendus. D'accord, il y a les précurseurs - le premier Missy, 2Live Crew, les Beastie Boys et Dizzie Rascal nous traversent l'esprit - mais “YoYoYoYoYo” exige lui aussi une approche qui lui est propre.Il s'ouvre sur le hit white label “Backyard Betty” (l'histoire d'une “championne du tremblement de fesses”). Le producteur XXXchange y entame un massage vivifiant des oreilles à l'aide de basses efficaces, d'un beat composé de percussions poubelles et d'une mélodie légère, sinueuse mais éloquente qui semble tout droit sortie d'une calculette. Naeem Juwan aka MC Spank Rock s'y installe et aligne l'histoire rigolote de Betty et de ses nombreux soupirants d'une voix nasale séduisante et traînante qui tient la comparaison avec Q-Tip (avec rimes plus coquines). Et ce n'est que le début…"(Ping Pong).Ecouter la première partie de l'émission : S'abonner au podcast de l'émission : Up2date sur Ipod :

Zusammenfassung Einleitung Mikrosphären (MS) gelten als Standardmethode zur Messung des regionalen Blutflusses. Hierzu werden MS linksatrial injiziert. Sie verteilen sich dann im arteriellen Teil des Blutkreislaufes. Die Anzahl der in den präkapillären Gefäßen festgehaltenen MS ist direkt proportional der regionalen Organdurchblutung. Da die bisherige Markierung der MS mit instabilen Nukliden die Nachteile des Umgangs mit Radioaktivität mit sich brachte, hat man in den letzten Jahren versucht, die MS mit Fluoreszenzfarbstoffen (FM) zu beladen. Diese neue Art der Markierung erfordert allerdings, daß die FM quantitativ aus den Organproben zurückgewonnen werden müssen. Dies geschah bisher mittels Filtration oder Sedimentation. Beide Methoden bieten jedoch Nachteile. Ziel unserer Studie war es, eine neue Methode zu entwickeln und deren Verarbeitungsprozess zu automatisieren. Dazu wurde ein Filtrationsgefäß entwickelt, das die Probenverarbeitung (Gewichtsbestimmung, Verdauung, Filtration, Spülung und Farbstoffauslösung) in einem einzigen Gefäß zuläßt und hierbei die vollständige Rückgewinnung der FM aus der Organprobe sicherstellt. Material und Methodik: Die von uns am Institut für Chirurgische Forschung entwickelte Sample Processing Unit (SPU) – gebrauchsmustergeschützt - besteht aus drei Untereinheiten: Filterhalter, Filter und Probengefäß. Der essentielle Bestandteil der SPU ist der Filter, der mit einem Polyamid-Filtergewebe (Maschenöffnung 7µm) ausgestattet ist. Das von uns entwickelte Verarbeitungsprotokoll sieht folgende Schritte vor: Die Gewebeprobe wird in den Filter gelegt und das Probengewicht bestimmt. Der Filter wird dann in ein Edelstahlkochgefäß gestellt und zur Verdauung des Gewebes werden 15 ml Digestionsflüssigkeit (4N KOH mit 0,02% Tween) und 1,5 ml Isopropanol 100% hinzugegeben. Nach 6 Stunden Inkubation bei 60°C ist das organische Material vollständig aufgelöst und die FM schwimmen in der Zwischenschicht zwischen KOH und Isopropanol. Mit Hilfe von Unterdruck wird die Flüssigkeit durch das Filtergewebe filtriert. Dadurch kommen die FM auf der Membran zu liegen. Der später von den FM ausgelöste Fluoreszenzfarbstoff benötigt ein neutrales Umgebungsmilieu. Hierzu müssen alle KOH-Rückstände aus dem Filter entfernt werden. Dies geschieht mittels eines Phosphatpuffers (29.9g K2HPO4 in 800ml aqua dest. vermischt mit 5.88g KH2PO4 in 200ml aqua dest.), der auf einen neutralen pH-Wert eingestellt ist. Mit 15 ml dieses Puffers wird die gesamte Innenfläche des Filters abgespült. Durch kurzes Eintauchen des Filters in den Puffer wird auch die Außenfläche von den KOH-Resten befreit. Nach Trocknung des Filters durch Zentrifugation (4000 U/min für 4 min) wird der Farbstoff mit 2 ml eines organischen Lösungsmittels (2-Ethoxyethyl acetat - Cellosolve) aus den FM ausgelöst. Durch erneute Zentrifugation (4000 U/min für 4 min) wird der Farbstoff im Sammelgefäß aufgefangen und die Fluoreszenzintensität in einem Fluoreszenzspektrometer (LS50B, Perkin Elmer, Überlingen, Deutschland) bestimmt. Die Konzentration des Farbstoffes läßt auf die Anzahl der FM rückschließen, welche wiederum direkt proportional zum Blutfluß in der untersuchten Gewebeprobe ist. Der Proportionalitätsfaktor wird durch eine Blutreferenzprobe bestimmt, die während der Injektion der FM aus der Aorta thoracalis unter konstanter Pumpenzuggeschwindigkeit (Harvard Pump, Harvard Apparatus South Nattick, USA) entnommen wird. Diese Blutprobe kann ohne vorherige Verdauung unter Koagulationsschutz (CPDA mit dem Hauptbestandteil Citrat) direkt filtriert werden. Der Farbstoff wird mittels Cellosolve aus den Mikrosphären ausgelöst und die Fluoreszenzintesität bestimmt. Experimente Zunächst wurden die FM und die SPU in vitro Tests unterzogen. Bei den FM wurde mit Hilfe einer Verdünnungsreihe die Proportionalität zwischen der Anzahl der FM und der Fluoreszenzintensität untersucht. Die SPU und die dazugehörige Verarbeitungsmethode wurden einer Wiederfindungsstudie unterzogen. Dabei wurde dieselbe Anzahl von FM aller Farben in Filter und Glasröhrchen pipettiert. Die Filter durchliefen den gesamten Verarbeitungsprozeß. Das Filtrat und die Wände der Filter wurden auf die Präsenz von FM hin kontrolliert. Die Farbstofflösung, welche aus den 40 Filtern gewonnen wurde, wurde mit einer Referenzgruppe (Glasröhrchen ohne Probenverarbeitung, n=20) verglichen. Zur in vivo Validierung der SPU erfolgten an narkotisierten Schweinen (n=8) sechs simultane Injektionen von radioaktiv markierten 15µm MS (RM) (Niob, Strontium, Scandium, Indium, Cerium und Chrom) und 15µm FM (blue, bluegreen, yellowgreen, orange, red, scarlet) zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten. Nach der Entnahme von Leber und Nieren, wurden diese Organe nach einem vorgegebenen Schema disseziert. Der regionale Blutfluß wurde anhand der Protokolle sowohl für RM (SCHOSSER et al. 1979) als auch FM bestimmt. Zunächst wurde die Radioaktivität der Proben im g-Counter (Canberra Packard, Frankfurt a.M., Deutschland) ermittelt. Hierauf wurde nach Verarbeitung der Organgewebe in der SPU die Fluoreszenzintensität mit Hilfe des Fluoreszenzspektrometers gemessen. Der Vergleich mittels beider Methoden erhobener Meßwerte wurde mit dem Bland-Altman-Plot durchgeführt. Hierbei wird das arithmetische Mittel der Blutflüsse, die durch FM- und RM-Methode berechnet worden sind, gegen die prozentuale Abweichung der FM von den RM aufgetragen. Zur Kontrolle der Filterfunktion und der Zuverläßigkeit der Meßergebnisse wurde die gleiche Anzahl (ca. 2500 FM) einer nicht im Experiment verwendeten 15 µm FM-Spezies (crimson), sowohl in SPU-Filter (SPU-Gruppe, n = 60), als auch in 20 Glasgefäße (Referenzgruppe, n = 20) gegeben. Die SPU wurden dem gesamten Protokoll der Probenverarbeitung unterzogen, wohingegen in der Referenzgruppe lediglich der Farbstoff ausgelöst und gemessen wurde. Die Gruppen wurden mittels t-test nach Student, p0,98). Die Filter weisen eine Wiederfindungsrate von 100% auf. Im Eluat fanden sich keine 15µm FM; zwischen der Filtergruppe und der Referenzgruppe besteht kein signifikanter Unterschied in der Fluoreszenzintensität. Es zeigt sich eine sehr gute Vergleichbarkeit beider Methoden. In den Bland-Altman Plots für die Nieren- und Leberproben wichen die Blutflußwerte mit der FM-Methode um 8,2 bis 13,4% vom mittleren Fluß (arithmetisches Mittel aus RM und FM) ab. Dabei betrug die mittlere Differenz beider Methoden zwischen -7,4% und 3,8%. Der Vergleich der mittleren Intensitäten der Kontrollfarbe crimson zwischen der Referenzgruppe (9,32±0,74, n=20) und der SPU- Gruppe (9,38±0,98, n=60) ergab keinen signifikanten Unterschied. Diskussion und Schlußfolgerung Mit der SPU ist es möglich, FM vollständig aus Organproben zurückzugewinnen und dadurch den regionalen Blutfluß quantitativ zu bestimmen. Die errechneten Blutflusswerte der radioaktiven und fluoreszierenden Methoden sind miteinander vergleichbar. Somit stellen die FM eine valide Alternative zu RM unter Vermeidung der Problematik des Umgangs mit Radioaktivität dar. Der entscheidende Vorteil der SPU ist, daß der gesamte Verarbeitungsprozeß im selben Gefäß stattfindet, und so der Verlust von FM nahezu ausgeschlossen ist.Das standardisierte Protokoll der Probenverarbeitung mittels SPU vermindert im Vergleich zu früheren Protokollen die Bearbeitungszeit von ca. 24h bzw. 48h auf ca. 6h und reduziert die Arbeitsschritte bei denen große Präzision gefordert ist. Das Design der SPU ermöglicht eine Automatisierung der Probenverarbeitung und somit eine Arbeitserleichterung, da die Von-Hand-Bearbeitung nur noch auf das Befüllen der SPU reduziert wird