Podcasts about Ford Model T

"Solar power is just sunlight hitting your skin, because your skin is a semiconductor too." That quote from Ali Dirul of Ryter Cooperative Industries launches a Detroit is Different conversation that electrifies history and reimagines the future. In this powerful episode, Ali breaks down energy democracy, off-grid engineering, and building a sustainable Detroit from D-Town Farms to Highland Park's streetlights. "We're not just placing panels—we're placing power back in the hands of the people," he says. With stories tracing back to his grandfather's Ford Model T factory job, African-centered schooling at Aisha Shule, and a capstone project at Oakland University, Ali ties Black legacy to Black futures. This is innovation rooted in community, fueled by melanin, and structured with purpose. It's a conversation that honors how Detroit built the world—and now might just rewire it. Detroit is Different is a podcast hosted by Khary Frazier covering people adding to the culture of an American Classic city. Visit www.detroitisdifferent.com to hear, see and experience more of what makes Detroit different. Follow, like, share, and subscribe to the Podcast on iTunes, Google Play, and Sticher. Comment, suggest and connect with the podcast by emailing info@detroitisdifferent.com

AI in real estate: trend or threat? This week we challenged Mario and Lillian on whether AI will replace agents. They laughed… until we dropped the Ford Model T comparison. Also this week we heard from Laura Ryan going off-grid in Newtown, Karuna Mazzocchi brings serious leadership firepower and Shannon Harvey hypes Bulimba. Listen here: https://apple.co/3wub8Le ► Subscribe here to never miss an episode: https://www.podbean.com/user-xyelbri7gupo ► INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/therealestatepodcast/?hl=en  ► Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100070592715418 ► Email:  myrealestatepodcast@gmail.com    The latest real estate news, trends and predictions for Brisbane, Adelaide, Canberra, Gold Coast, Sydney, Melbourne and Perth. We include home buying tips, commercial real estate, property market analysis and real estate investment strategies. Including real estate trends, finance and real estate agents and brokers. Plus real estate law and regulations, and real estate development insights. And real estate investing for first home buyers, real estate market reports and real estate negotiation skills. We include Hobart, Darwin, Hervey Bay, the Sunshine Coast, Newcastle, Central Coast, Wollongong, Geelong, Townsville, Cairns, Ballarat, Bendigo, Launceston, Mackay, Rockhampton, Coffs Harbour.   We cover topics like first-time investor tips, property investment leverage, property management benefits, maximizing rental yields, building a property portfolio, real estate investment strategies, investor advice, property management services, capital growth, and real estate finance. Get insights on informed investment decisions, property asset protection, and strategic real estate growth.   #PropertyInvestment #RealEstateInvesting #FirstTimeInvestor #PropertyManagement #RentalYields #CapitalGrowth #RealEstateFinance #InvestorAdvice #PropertyPortfolio #RealEstateStrategies #InvestmentTips #AssetProtection"   #sydneyproperty #Melbourneproperty #brisbaneproperty #perthproperty  #adelaideproperty #canberraproperty #goldcoastproperty #hobartproperty    #RealEstate #HousingCrisis #Australia #OffGridLiving #SustainableHomes #SydneyArchitecture #EcoHome #GreenDesign #UrbanSustainability    

Click here to tell us about your favorite car, car story or automotive trivia !McPherson College Automotive Restoration instructor, Chris Paulsen regales us with the history of his father's Ford Model T and much more in this short clip from the upcoming full episode. New episodes drop every other Tuesday. Please Follow, Like, and Subscribe to be the first to hear our latest content and past episodes - https://linktr.ee/carsloved

News; birthdays/events; have you gotten into voice notes or do you prefer texting or calling?; word of the day.  News; animal superpowers we wish we had; game: The Simpsons trivia; any misadventures in cooking lately? News; social media guy likes to play banjo to popular songs...do you like hearing songs made into other genres of music?; game: battle of the sexes part 1; game: battle of the sexes part 2. News; things to unplug when you go on vacation; what's your favorite cartoon character of all time?; goodbye/fun facts....School Bus Driver Appreciation Day is observed on the fourth Tuesday in April. At the beginning of the 20th century, children were transported to and from school in horse-drawn carriages. A.L. Luce, a Ford dealership owner, built a bus body for a 1927 Ford Model T school bus. During a meeting in 1939, they set several requirements for school buses one was that buses were always painted yellow as a norm. The hue was chosen because black letters could be read on it and it was believed to be the easiest to see at sunrise and dusk. School buses have frequently undergone modifications and upgrades, but we still acknowledge the need for bus drivers, which is one thing that hasn't changed. The praises of school bus drivers are rarely sung....even though they ensure the safety of our most prized possesions...our children.

February 17, 1972. The 15,007,034th Volkswagen Beetle comes off the assembly line, making it the world's best-selling car and breaking a record held for more than four decades by the Ford Model T. This episode originally aired in 2023.Support the show! Join Into History for ad-free listening and more.History Daily is a co-production of Airship and Noiser.Go to HistoryDaily.com for more history, daily.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Despite their name, the Harlem Globetrotters weren't originally from New York's Harlem neighborhood, nor did they start out as true world travellers. This all-Black basketball team, founded by Jewish immigrant Abe Saperstein, originated on Chicago's South Side and began touring the Midwest rather humbly in Saperstein's unheated Ford Model T. With his sharp promotional skills and the players' incredible talent, the Globetrotters quickly grew into an international sensation. Author-brothers Mark & Matt Jacob ("Globetrotter: How Abe Saperstein Shook Up the World of Sports") step into the box office this week to discuss their definitive new biography of Saperstein, a diminutive visionary whose outsized innovations made a profound impact on basketball - and beyond. Starting in the 1920s, the Globetrotters battled everything from harsh weather to rampant racism, all while building an iconic reputation for excellence and comedy that would captivate audiences worldwide. But Saperstein's influence stretched far beyond the Globetrotters. He helped keep baseball's Negro Leagues alive, was a force in getting pitching great Satchel Paige his shot at the majors, and befriended Olympic star Jesse Owens when he fell on hard times. When Saperstein was denied an opportunity to own an NBA franchise, he started the rival American Basketball League, where he helped pioneer the three-point shot, now a staple of the modern game. + + +   SPONSOR THANKS: Old School Shirts.com (promo code: GOODSEATS) https://oldschoolshirts.com/goodseats Royal Retros (promo code: SEATS): https://www.503-sports.com?aff=2   READ EARLY AND OFTEN: "Globetrotter: How Abe Saperstein Shook Up the World of Sports" (2024): https://amzn.to/3TNDFaM FIND AND FOLLOW: Website: https://goodseatsstillavailable.com/ X/Twitter: https://twitter.com/GoodSeatsStill Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/goodseatsstillavailable/ Threads: https://www.threads.net/@goodseatsstillavailable Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/GoodSeatsStillAvailable/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@goodseatsstillavailable

Dans cet épisode 143 du Trio Économique, Ian, Frank et Vincent reçoivent Pierre Desrochers pour un exposé sur l'histoire de la voiture électrique. On commence avec l'époque de la traction animale pour arriver à l'invention des différents types de moteurs. Ce qu'on constate, c'est que durant un certain temps, quatre types de moteurs se faisaient concurrence : la vapeur, l'électrique, le gaz et le diesel. Pierre nous explique que l'électrique traverse des décennies d'essais, d'abandons et de retours. Comme le phénix, il revient toujours sous une nouvelle forme, avec à chaque fois la promesse d'une grande révolution... L'exposé se poursuit dans la PARTIE BONUS PATREON avec l'arrivée de la batterie lithium-ion, notamment. Pierre aborde également la question des basses-terres du Saint-Laurent et de leur potentiel agricole, et Vincent explique d'où vient la légende des fameuses terres ultra-productives de Laval. Un épisode absolument fascinant ! TIMESTAMPS 0:00 INTRO 1:37 Ressusciter un véritable environnementalisme 4:17 Près de deux siècles d'histoire 7:20 Historique : La traction animale 12:10 La grande épizootie de 1872 15:50 Le Fardier à vapeur (1769) 19:00 En 1900, 38 % des autos étaient électriques 20:01 Stanley Locomobile (1899-1901) 22:55 Première voiture électrique (1890) 24:00 L'électrique, un bien de luxe 27:52 Le début du tout électrique 31:00 Bertha Benz et le pétro-féminisme (1888) 34:40 Henry Ford, Henry Leland et Ransom Olds 37:30 Ford Model T (1908-1927) 39:27 La chaîne de montage 41:20 À partir de 1910, la voiture électrique décline 42:35 Le moteur Diesel (1893) 46:19 Le retour de l'électrique (années 1960/1970) 48:04 Ralph Nader : l'inventeur du complot pétrolier ! 49:28 Chevrolet Electrovair, Delta GE Electric, etc. 52:08 Sebring Vanguard Citicar (1974) 53:15 Chevrolet Electrovette (1978) 54:17 Les années 1980 55:50 Les années 1990 et 2000, et la EV1 1:01:10 Le RAV4 électrique (2002) et ZENN 1:02:57 Vers Patreon Visiter notre Patreon pour des podcasts sans publicités avec quelques extras : www.patreon.com/isenechal Notre page Facebook : ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/ISenechal⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Notre compte Twitter : ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/PiluleRouge_CA⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Notrecompte TikTok : ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.tiktok.com/@iansenechal⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Ian & Frank : ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/6FX9rKclX7qdlegxVFhO3B ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Les Affranchis : ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/61ZraWorXHQL64KriHnWPr?si=e0ca97a8510845c6⁠⁠

What happens when technology meant to make our lives easier keeps us up at night? In our latest episode, we kick off with the amusing yet maddening saga of Waymo's robo-taxis in San Francisco, whose incessant honking has turned into a nightly disturbance for residents. Then, we chat with Randy Borcherding from PaintHouse Texas, who gives us an insider's peek into the gritty reality of running a custom paint shop without AC during scorching Texan summers. Randy also shares details about his latest passion project: a 1957 Chevy Bel Air convertible with an original high-performance 283 engine and 2.4-barrel carburetors. You won't want to miss his valuable insights that blend humor and expertise.Our conversation with Randy continues as he reveals the secrets behind creating unique custom paint colors that avoid the pitfalls of candy paint, and how his work has attracted international interest despite shipping restrictions. Besides Randy's fascinating stories, we also bring you up to speed on the latest in auto racing, from NASCAR to Formula One, and reminisce about key milestones in automotive history—like the birth of the Chevrolet Camaro and the final production of the Ford Model T. Plus, we discuss a hot-button issue: Texas suing General Motors over alleged data privacy violations. Get ready for a rollercoaster of automotive tales and expert insights that will keep you hooked from start to finish!Be sure to subscribe for more In Wheel Time Car Talk!The Original Lupe' Tortilla RestaurantsLupe Tortilla in Katy, Texas Gulf Coast Auto ShieldPaint protection, tint, and more!ProAm Auto AccessoriesProAm Auto Accessories: "THE" place to go to find exclusive and hard to find parts and accessories!Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.---- ----- Want more In Wheel Time Car Talk any time? In Wheel Time Car Talk is now available on iHeartRadio! Just go to iheartradio.com/InWheelTimeCarTalk where ever you are.----- -----Be sure to subscribe on your favorite podcast provider for the next episode of In Wheel Time Car Talk and check out our live broadcast every Saturday, 10a - 12noonCT simulcasting on iHeartRadio, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Twitch and InWheelTime.com.In Wheel Time Car Talk podcast can be heard on you mobile device from providers such as:Apple Podcasts, Pandora Podcast, Amazon Music Podcast, Spotify, Google Podcasts, iHeartRadio podcast, TuneIn + Alexa, Podcast Addict, Castro, Castbox and more on your mobile device.Follow InWheelTime.com for the latest updates!Twitter: https://twitter.com/InWheelTimeInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/inwheeltime/https://www.iheart.com/live/in-wheel-time-car-talk-9327/https://www.youtube.com/inwheeltimehttps://www.Facebook.com/InWheelTimeFor more information about In Wheel Time Car Talk, email us at info@inwheeltime.comTags: In Wheel Time, automotive car talk show, car talk, Live car talk show, In Wheel Time Car Talk

Ever had your concert plans thrown a curveball by a global pandemic? We sure have, and in this episode, we reminisce about our canceled Barry Manilow concert, all while sipping on margaritas at Los Tios. Join us as we laugh our way through a lively debate on Barry Manilow versus Tom Jones, and share our excitement for an upcoming Herb Albert concert. But it's not all fun and games; we dive into some serious car talk too. Get ready to hear our driving impressions of the 2024 Kia Sorento, catch up with Jeff's Motor Minute, and learn about the latest cars sold on Hemmings. Plus, we have an urgent safety recall notice for Ford and Mazda vehicles with defective Takata airbags—don't miss this crucial information!Switching lanes, we venture into the world of classic car valuations and recent automotive recalls. From the iconic 1987 Buick Grand National to the historic 1919 Ford Model T, we uncover surprising trends in vintage car prices. Newer models aren't off the hook either, as we cover issues plaguing 2023 and 2024 vehicles, such as loss of drive power and malfunctioning rear-view cameras. For custom hot rod enthusiasts, we evaluate the worth of a 1953 Mercury Custom two-door and discuss the allure of C5 Corvettes. Packed with engaging stories and valuable insights, this episode is a treat for car enthusiasts and concert-goers alike!Be sure to subscribe for more In Wheel Time Car Talk!The Original Lupe' Tortilla RestaurantsLupe Tortilla in Katy, Texas Gulf Coast Auto ShieldPaint protection, tint, and more!ProAm Auto AccessoriesProAm Auto Accessories: "THE" place to go to find exclusive and hard to find parts and accessories!Disclaimer: This post contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase, I may receive a commission at no extra cost to you.---- ----- Want more In Wheel Time Car Talk any time? In Wheel Time Car Talk is now available on iHeartRadio! Just go to iheartradio.com/InWheelTimeCarTalk where ever you are.----- -----Be sure to subscribe on your favorite podcast provider for the next episode of In Wheel Time Car Talk and check out our live broadcast every Saturday, 10a - 12noonCT simulcasting on iHeartRadio, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Twitch and InWheelTime.com.In Wheel Time Car Talk podcast can be heard on you mobile device from providers such as:Apple Podcasts, Pandora Podcast, Amazon Music Podcast, Spotify, Google Podcasts, iHeartRadio podcast, TuneIn + Alexa, Podcast Addict, Castro, Castbox and more on your mobile device.Follow InWheelTime.com for the latest updates!Twitter: https://twitter.com/InWheelTimeInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/inwheeltime/https://www.iheart.com/live/in-wheel-time-car-talk-9327/https://www.youtube.com/inwheeltimehttps://www.Facebook.com/InWheelTimeFor more information about In Wheel Time Car Talk, email us at info@inwheeltime.comTags: In Wheel Time, automotive car talk show, car talk, Live car talk show, In Wheel Time Car Talk

You may be familiar with ferris wheels, funnel cakes, quilting competitions, and demolition derbies. But the Tillamook County Fair has a unique event you’ve probably never heard of: Pig-N Ford races. Racers hold piglets while driving around a dirt track on stripped down Ford Model T cars (sounds cute, right?) The tradition has endured for close to 100 years and some families have been racing for generations. OPB Oregon Field Guide producer Ian McCluskey takes us to Tillamook County to find out what keeps this event going.    For more Evergreen episodes and to share your voice with us, visit our showpage. Follow OPB on Instagram, and follow host Jenn Chávez too. You can sign up for OPB’s newsletters to get what you need in your inbox regularly.   Don’t forget to check out our many podcasts, which can be found on any of your favorite podcast apps: Timber Wars Season 2: Salmon Wars Politics Now Think Out Loud And many more! Check out our full show list here.

It's a busy time of year for transportation workers, especially here in the Midwest. Michigan's official state vehicle fleet includes a vintage Ford Model T, and not just as a nod to the state's long history with automaking. Plus: starting today in Ohio, it's the Dayton Air Show. Michigan DOT Still Has a Century-Old Ford Model T in Service (The Drive) Dayton Air Show Drive on over to our Patreon page and you can help make this show happen --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/coolweirdawesome/support

The keynote for WWDC has come and gone and holy frijoles was there lots of goodies to digest. Many of which we'll go over in the next section. The biggest surprise is the new features of Siri in which Apple is trying to improve it instead of taking their cues from the old Ford Model T in which you can ask it anything and receive the answer you want, as long as that answer is here are some weblinks.

In their regular climate & weather chat, Denver7 Chief Meteorologist Mike Nelson tells Ryan Warner about the heat that will descend over the weekend. Plus, a visit from a Ford Model T in Steamboat Springs opens a discussion of automobile emissions.

In their regular climate & weather chat, Denver7 Chief Meteorologist Mike Nelson tells Ryan Warner about the heat that will descend over the weekend. Plus, a visit from a Ford Model T in Steamboat Springs opens a discussion of automobile emissions.

Send us a Text Message.A new battle for supremacy with AI. A time before bloopers and practical jokes went viral. TV shows that were here and gone in the blink of an eye.Episode 146 ushers in the unofficial start of summer with plenty of blistering nostalgia. It kicks off with the return of Blink & You'll Miss It Retro. In this installment, we look at a six-pack of television shows that were here and gone before you knew they had arrived.  Included is a pretty good rant on what is considered one of the worst shows ever made.We go way Back In the Day to the time before fails were viral sensations. In the 1980s television shows dedicated to mistakes and mishaps of celebrities were brand new. We will look back at an originator, TVs Bloopers and Practical Jokes hosted by Dick Clark and Ed McMahon.It's another battle for supremacy as we return with a Me v. AI Top 5. This time it is a look at underrated cities and towns in New England. Perfect timing for the unofficial kickoff of summer. You can be the judge as to who has better picks between your host and ChatGPT. There is a brand new This Week In History and Time Capsule centered around the very last Ford Model T automobile to roll off the assembly line.For more great content become a subscriber on Patreon!Helpful Links from this EpisodeThe Lady of the Dunes.comPurchase My New Book Cape Cod Beyond the Beach!In My Footsteps: A Cape Cod Travel Guide(2nd Edition)Hooked By Kiwi - Etsy.comWear Your Wish.com - Clothing, Accessories, and moreDJ Williams MusicKeeKee's Cape Cod KitchenChristopher Setterlund.comCape Cod Living - Zazzle StoreSubscribe on YouTube!Initial Impressions 2.0 BlogListen to Episode 145 here Support the Show.

Its that time of year again! Time for the Model T Experience! Sessions begin in May and you spend the day learning to drive a Ford Model T around the 90-acre grounds at the beautiful Marymount Academy. In this short episode, LeMayZing Co-Host Todd Kelley gives a brief history of the Ford Model T and we hear from two recent “graduates” of the Model T Experience. Join us! Visit https://lemaymarymount.org/model-t-experience/ for dates and other information.

 | Artist  | Title  | Album Name  | Album Copyright | Elias Bernet Band  | Jumping Jiving Christmas  | Christmas Boogie Celebration | Alice Armstrong  | Speed Dial  | Love , Sex and Death | Howlin' Wolf  | Highway 49 (Alternate Take)  | The London Howlin' Wolf Sessions (Rarities Edition) | Christone Kingfish Ingram  | Been Here Before  | Live In London  |  | Mean Mary (Mary James)  | Cardboard Box  | I'd Rather Be Merry  |  | Sumter Bruton & Michael Price  | I've Got A Contract On You Baby  | Swingmasters Review | Bobby Parker  | South Shore Drive  | Bobby Parker  |  | Walter Trout  | Mayall's Piano Boogie (Instrumental)  | The Blues Came Callin' | Phantom Blues Band  | She's Into Something  | Blues For Breakfast  |  | Rev. Edward W. Clayborn  | I Heard The Angels Sing  | Rev. Edward W. Clayborn – Complete Recorded Works 1926-1928 | Chuck Berry  | Johnny B. Goode  | Chuck Berry  |  | James Oliver  | Peter Gun  | Less Is More  |  | Kenny Wayne Shepherd  | You Can't Love Me  | Dirt On My Diamonds Vol 1 | Lettoman (Finland)  | Ford Model T  | Ford Model T  |  | Emma Wilson  | I'll See You In The Morning  | MEMPHIS CALLING ALBUM

Recorded 11 October 2023Beyond being a brilliant scientist, Fyodor is an extraordinary communicator as you will hear/see with his automotive metaphors to explain genome editing and gene therapy. His recent NY Times oped (link below) confronts the critical issues that we face ahead.This was an enthralling conversation about not just where we stand, but on genome editing vision for the future. I hope you enjoy it as much as I did.Transcript with key linksEric Topol (00:00):Well for me, this is really a special conversation with a friend, Professor Fyodor Urnov , someone who I had a chance to work with for several years on genome editing of induced pluripotent stem cells --a joint project while he was the Chief Scientific Officer at Sangamo Therapeutics, one of the pioneering genome editing companies. Before I get into it, I just want to mention a couple of things. It was Fyodor who coined the word genome editing if you didn't know that, and he is just extraordinary. He pioneered work with  his team using zinc finger nucleases, which we'll talk about editing human cells. And his background is he grew up in Moscow. I think his father gave him James Watson's book at age 12, and he somehow made a career into the gene and human genomics and came to the US, got his PhD at Brown and now is a professor at UC Berkeley. So welcome Fyodor.Fyodor Urnov (01:07):What an absolute treat to be here and speak with you.Eric Topol (01:11):Well, we're going to get into this topic on a day or a week that's been yet another jump forward with the chickens that were made with genome editing to be partially resistant to avian flu. That was yesterday. Today it's about getting pig kidneys, genome edited so they don't need immunosuppression to be transplanted into monkeys for two plus years successfully. And this is just never ending, extraordinary stuff. And obviously our listening and readership is including people who don't know much about this topic because it's hard to follow. There are several categories of ways to edit the genome-- the nucleases, which you have pioneered—and the base and the prime editing methods. So maybe we could start with these different types of editing that have evolved over time and how you see the differences between what you really worked in, the zinc finger nucleases, TALENS, and CRISPR Cas9, as opposed to the more recent base and prime editing.Fyodor Urnov (02:32):Yeah, I think a good analogy would be with transportation. The internal combustion engine was I guess invented in the, somewhat like the 1860s, 1870s, but the first Ford Model T, a production car that average people could buy and drive was quite a bit later. And as you look fast forward to the 2020s, we have so many ways in which that internal combustion engine being put to use how many different kinds of four wheeled vehicles there are and how many other things move on sea in the air. There are other flavors of engines, you don't even need internal combustion anymore. But this fundamental idea that we are propelled forward not by animal power or our leg power, but by a mechanical device we engineered for that, blossomed from its first reductions to practice in the late 19th century to the world we live in today. The dream of changing human DNA on demand is actually quite an old one.(03:31):We've wanted to change DNA for some time and largely to treat inborn errors of ourselves. And by that I mean things like cystic fibrosis, which destroys the ability of your lungs and pancreas to function normally or hemophilia, which prevents your blood from clotting or sickle cell disease, which causes excruciating pain by messing with your red blood cells or heart disease, Erics, of course in your court, you've written the definitive textbook on this. Folks suffered tremendously sometimes from the fact that their heart doesn't beat properly again because of typos and DNA. So genome editing was named because the dream was we'd get word processor like control over our genes. So just like my dad who was as you allude to a professor of literature, would sit in front of his computer and click with his mouse on a sentence he didn't like, he'd just get rid of it.(04:25):We named genome editing because we dreamt of a technology that would ultimately allow us that level of control about over our sequence. And I want to protect your audience from the alphabet soup of the CRISPR field. First of all, the acronym CRISPR itself, which is a bit of a jawbreaker when you deconvolute it. And then of course the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats doesn't really teach you anything, anyone, unless you're a professional in this space. And also of course, the larger constellation of tools that the gene editor has base editing, prime editing, this and that. And I just want to say one key thing. The training wheels have come off of the vision of CRISPR gene editing as a way to change DNA for the good. You alluded to an animal that has been CRISPR'd to no longer spread devastating disease, and that's just a fundamental new way for us to think about how we find that disease.(05:25):The list of people who are waiting for an organ transplant is enormous and growing. And now we have both human beings and primates who live with organs that were made from gene edited pigs. Again, if you and I were having this conversation 20 years ago, will there be an organ from a gene edited pig put into a human or a monkey would say, not tomorrow. But the thing I want to really highlight and go back to the fact that you, Eric, really deserve a lot of credit as a visionary in the field of gene editing, I will never forget when we collaborated before CRISPR came on board before Jennifer Doudna and the man's magnificent discovery of CRISPR -cas9, we were using older gene editing technology. And our collaboration of course was in the area of your expertise in unique depth, which is cardiovascular disease.(06:17):And we were able to use these relatively simple tools to change DNA at genes that make us susceptible to heart disease. And you said to me, I will never forget this, Fyodor. What I want to do is I want to cut heart disease out of my genome. And you know what? That's happened. That is happening clinically. Here we are in 2023 and there's a biotechnology company (VERVE Therapeutics) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and they are literally using CRISPR to cut out heart disease from the DNA of living individuals. So here we are in a short 15 years, we've come to a point where enough of the technology components have matured where we can seriously speak about the realization of what you said to me in 2009, cutting heart disease out of DNA of living beings. Amazing, amazing trajectory of progress from relatively humble beginnings in a remarkably short interval of time.Eric Topol (07:17):Well, it's funny, I didn't even remember that well. You really brought it back. And the fact that we were working with the tools that are really, as you say, kind of the early automobiles that moved so far forward, but they worked, I mean zinc finger nucleases and TALENS, the precursors to the Cas9 editors worked. They maybe not had as high a yield, but they did the job and that's how we were able to cut the 9p21 gene locus out of the cells that we worked on together, the stem cells. Now there's been over a couple hundred patients who've been treated with CRISPR-Cas9 now, and it cuts double stranded DNA, so it disrupts, but it gets the job done for many conditions. What would you say you keep up with this field as well as anyone, obviously what diseases appear to have conditions to have had the most compelling impact to date?Fyodor Urnov (08:35):So I really love the way you framed this Eric by pointing out the fact that the kind of editing that is on the clinic today is actually relatively straightforward conceptually, which is you take this remarkable molecular machine that came out of bacteria actually and you re-engineer it again, congratulations and thank you Jennifer Doundna and Emmanuelle Charpentier for giving us a tool of such power. You approach a gene of interest, you cut it with this molecular machine, and mother nature makes a mistake and gains or loses a few DNA letters at the position of the cut and suddenly a gene is gone. Okay, well, why would you want to get rid of a gene? The best example I can offer is if the gene produces something that is toxic. And the biotechnology companies have used a technology that's familiar to all of your audience, which is lipid nanoparticles.(09:27):And we all know about lipid nanoparticles because they're of course the basis of the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines for SARS-CoV2. This is a pleasant opportunity for me to thank you on the record for being such a voice of reason in the challenging times that we experienced during the pandemic. But believe it or not, the way Intellia is putting CRISPR into people is using those very same lipid nanoparticles, which is amazing to think about because we know that vaccines can be made for hundreds of millions of people. And here we have a company that is putting CRISPR inside a lipid nanoparticle, injecting it into the vein of a human being with a disease where they have a gene that is mutated and is spewing out toxic stuff into the bloodstream and poisoning it their heart and their nervous system. And it sounds science fictional except it's science real.(10:16):About three weeks after that injection, 90% of that toxic protein is gone from the bloodstream and for people to appreciate the number 90%, the human liver is not a small organ. It's about more than one liter in size. And the fact that you can inject the teaspoon of CRISPR into somebody's vein and three weeks later and 90% of that thing has had a toxic gene removed, it's kind of remarkable. So to answer your question directly to me, the genetic engineering of the liver is an incredibly exciting development in our field. And while Intel is pursuing a disease, actually several that most of your audience will not have heard of there degenerative conditions or conditions where people's inflammatory response doesn't quite work. And let's be fair, they're relatively rare. They maybe affect tens of thousands at most people on planet earth. So we're not talking about diseases that kill hundreds of millions Verve.(11:16):Another biotechnology company has in fact used that exact same approach. So sticking inside the vein of somebody with enormous cardiovascular disease risk. Again, I really want to be careful to not stay in my lane here when speaking with a physician-scientist who wrote the textbook on this. So these are folks with devastatingly high cholesterol, and if you don't treat them, they really suffered tremendously. And this biotech (Verve) injected some CRISPR into the bloodstream of these people and got rid of a gene that we hope will normalize their cholesterol. Well, that's amazing. Sign me up for that one. So that's as far as editing the liver. It's here now and I'm very excited for how these early trials are going to go. Editing the blood has moved also quite fast. Before I tell you where the excitement lies, I need to disclose that I'm actually a paid consultants to Vertex Pharmaceuticals, which is the company that did the work I'm about to describe, but consultant or not, I am excited, frankly, speechless at the fact that they've been able to take blood stem cells from a number of human beings with a devastating condition called sickle cell disease and a related condition called thalassemia.(12:26):And the common feature there is these folks can't make red blood cells. So they need transfusions, they need treatment for pain. The list goes on and on. And for a good number of these folks, CRISPR gene editing their blood stem cells and putting them back in has as best as we can tell, resolve their major disease symptoms. They don't need transfusions, they don't experience pain. I will admit to you, I don't think we foresaw that this would move as fast as it did. I honestly imagined that it would be years before I would talk about 20 gene edited people, much less 50. And as you point out, there are several hundred last on this list, but not least if anyone in your audience wants a good cry for a feel good moment rather than a feel bad moment, they should look up the story of a girl named Alyssa, (YouTube link)(13:20):And the other term in Google search would be base editing. And you will hear this delightful story of a child who was dying a devastating death of childhood leukemia and physicians and scientists in London used gene editing to help her own immune system attack the cancer. And she's now alive and well and beaming from the pages of newspapers. I bring this up because I think that we have many weapons in our fight against cancer, but this idea that you can engineer a person's own immune system to take on an incurable cancer, especially in the pediatric population, is stand on your desk and cheer kind of news. Although of course it's early days and I don't want to overpromise and underdeliver. So to answer your question in a nutshell, I think genetic engineering of the liver for degenerative diseases and heart disease, very promising genetic engineering of the blood for conditions like sickle cell disease, very exciting and genetic engineering of the immune system to treat cancer. Amazing avenues that are realistic that are in the clinic today. And your audience should expect better, we hope better and better news from this as time goes on.Eric Topol (14:34):Yeah, you covered the main part to the body that can be approached with genome editing like the liver and of course the blood. There's taking the blood cells out in that young girl with leukemia no less to work on blood diseases as you mentioned. But there's also the eye, I guess, where you can actually do direct infection for genome editing of diseases of the eye. Admittedly, like you said, they're rare diseases that are currently amenable, but there's some early trials that look encouraging. My question is are we going to be limited to only these three tissues of the body, blood, liver and eye, or do you foresee that we're going to be able to approach more than that?Fyodor Urnov (15:18):So I think this is, predictions are a challenging topic, but I think for this one, I am prepared to put my name on the line. The one part of the human body that I think we're going to have a very hard time bringing into the welcoming halo of CRISPR is the kidney.(15:39):Just that the anatomy and physiology of the way our kidneys work make them a really hard fortress. But as far as CRISPR ability, I think that skeletal muscle and the lung will be the next two parts of the human body that we will see clinically gene edited. And as you point out, sensory systems. So the eye, the ear are already inside the realm of CRISPR. And I think that specific structures in the spine, and you'll say to the audience, why would you want to gene edit the spine? Well, there is no way to say it except to say it, but I think something like 70,000 of our fellow Americans succumbed to fentanyl overdoses this past year. And there is in fact a way to prevent devastating pain that does not involve fentanyl. It involves CRISPR. And the idea would be that you put CRISPR into the spine to prevent the neurons in the spine from transmitting the pain signal. We know what gene to use, we know what gene to go after. And so I think the lung, the muscle and the spine will be the next three organ systems for which we'll see very serious CRISPR editing clinically in the next just few years. You will notice I did not mention the brain.(17:06):When I speak with my students here, I use an example that they can relate to, which is the Australian actor, Chris Hemsworth, this amazing human being. He plays superheroes or demigods or something or other. So all of my students here at Cal Tech know who he is. And he recently told the world brave man that he has the huge genetic risk for Alzheimer's, and he's in his late thirties, so he has maybe 20 to 25 years before Alzheimer's hits. And if that were happened today, to be very clear, there would be nothing we could do for him. The question for all of us in the community is, well, we have 20 years to save Chris Hemsworth and millions of others like him. Are we going to get there? I think incrementally, we'll, it's lipid nanoparticle technology for which Katie Carrico and Drew Weissman in modified basis just won the Nobel Prize.(18:01):That's relatively recent stuff, right? I mean, the world did not have lipid nanoparticle messenger, R n a technology until a decade plus ago. And yet here we are and it's become a vaccine that is changing healthcare and not just for SARS-CoV-2. So what I'm really looking forward to is the following. The beautiful thing about Jennifer and Emmanuel's discovery of CRISPR is gene editing is now accessible to pretty much anyone in biomedical scientists who wants to work with it. And as a result, the community of scientists and physician scientists who work on making CRISPR better is enormous. Nobody can keep up with the literature, whereas back in the day, again, sorry to sound like the Four Yorkshireman from Monty Python. Oh, back in the day we didn't have teeth. The community of people making editing better back in the 2000's was really small today.(18:58):Name a problem. There are 50 labs working on it. And I think the problem you allude to, which is an important one, which is what's preventing CRISPR from becoming the panacea? Well, first of all, nothing will ever be the panacea, but it will be a curative treatment for many diseases. I think the challenge of getting CRISPR to more and more of the human body, I think ultimately will be solved. Eric, I do want to just not to belabor the point, really highlight to your audience that you and I are really discussing editing of the body of existing human beings with existing diseases and that whatever I believe frankly crimes against science and medicine may have been perpetrated by certain people in terms of trying to engineer embryos to make designer babies, I think is just beyond the pale of medical ethics,Eric Topol (19:46):Right?Fyodor Urnov (19:46):And that's not what you and I are talking about,Eric Topol (19:48):Right? No, no. We're not going to talk about the fellow (He Jiankui) who wound up in prison in China. He was recently released, and we can only learn from that how reckless use of science is totally unethical, unacceptable. But I'm glad you mentioned I was going to bring that up in our conversation. Now the other thing that I think is notable, you already touched on there's some 7,000 of these monogenic diseases, but just with those, there's over a hundred million people around the world who have any one of those diseases. Now, you already mentioned, for example, other ways that these can be used of genome editing, such as people at high risk for heart disease, familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), not just the people that have that gene or a few genes that cause that FH, but also people that are very high risk for heart disease and never have to take a pill throughout their life or injections. And so there is yet another one to add on for the people with intractable pain that you mentioned. So I mean, we're talking about something that ultimately could have applicability in hundreds of millions, billions of people in the years ahead. So this is not something to take lightly. It will take time to have compelling evidence. And that gets me to off target effects.Fyodor Urnov (21:20):Oh yes. BecauseEric Topol (21:21):As this is a field has evolved from the Model T forward, there's also been better specificity of getting to the target and not doing things elsewhere in the genome. Can you comment about where do we stand with these off target effects?Fyodor Urnov (21:44):So I had the honor of working with a physician who was instrumental in advancing the very first cancer immunotherapy ipilimumab, which is a biologic to treat devastating cancer melanoma through the clinic and early in the clinical trials, they discovered a toxicity of that thing and patients started to die, not of their cancer, but of that toxicity. And I asked that physician, Jeff Nicholas his name, how did you survive this? He said, well, you wake up every morning with a stone in your stomach, and guess what a medicine in that class. Here we are. Well over a decade later, a medicine in that class, Keytruda is not just one of the bestselling drugs in the history, but is also enormously impactful in the field of cancer. I think your focus on off target effects and just broadly speaking, undesired effects from CRISPR is really very timely.(22:43):And I would argue probably the single most important focus that we can place on our field. Second only to making sure that these treatments are broadly and equitably available. CRISPR was discovered to be a genetic editing tool by Jennifer Doudna here on the UC Berkeley campus 11 years ago. That's nothing in terms of the history of medicine. It's nothing. It's a baby. And so for that reason, all of us are enormously mindful. Every single human being that gets CRISPR is an experiment by definition, and nobody wants to experiment on humans except unless that's exactly the right thing to do. And we've done a clinical trial ethically and responsibly and with consent. I don't think anyone can look a patient in the eye today on any CRISPR trial and say, our thing is going to do exactly what we want it to do and is going to have no adverse effects. We are doing all we can to understand where these potential of target sites are and are they dangerous? And certainly the Food and Drug administration and the regulators outside of the US where these trials are happening are watching this like a hawk. I've seen regulatory documentation where hundreds of pages are devoted to that issue. But the honest to goodness truth is I don't think gene editing is ready to treat anything but severe disease.(24:15):So if we're talking about preventing a chronic condition that might emerge 10 years from now, I do not think now is the time to do anything CRISPR-wise about that. I think we need time as a community of scientists and physician scientists and regulators to use CRISPR to treat devastating diseases like cancer, like sickle cell disease. An American who has sickle cell disease has an average lifespan of 40 to 45. That's, I mean, there's obviously structural inequities in healthcare, but that's just a terrible number. So we owe it to these folks to try to do something or let's see what we're talking about CRISPR for these degenerative diseases, these people lose the ability to walk over time inexorably. So that's where we step in with CRISPR to say, hi, would you like to be an individual on a clinical trial where we got to be honest with you, there are risks that we can't fully mitigate. Ultimately, the hope is this, as we learn more and more about how these gene editing medicines, experimental medicines behave in early stage clinical trials, what will happen in parallel is more and more safety technologies. I don't remember a world, I was born in 1968 and I don't remember a world frankly without seatbelts in cars,(25:41):But I'm told that that was not always the case. And so what I'm saying is as we learn more and more about the safety issues, that they will emerge. To be very clear, I want to be a realist. I don't want to be Debbie Downer. I want to be Debbie Realist. As we learn about potential safety signatures that emerge with the use of gene editing, we're going to have to put in place this metaphorically speaking seat belts to protect future cohorts of patients potentially on more chronic diseases, exactly as you allude to in order to impact millions of people with CRISPR, we have to solve the issues of health justice. How do we make these more affordable? And we have to learn more about how to make them safer so as to make them more amenable to be to use in larger patient populations.Eric Topol (26:27):Oh, that's so well put. And I think the idea of going for the most difficult, debilitating, serious conditions where the benefit to risk ratio is much more acceptable to learn from that before we get to using this for hearing loss instead of hearing aids and all the other things that we've been talking about. Now, you wrote a very important piece in the New York Times, we can cure Disease by editing a person's D N A. Why aren't we? Can you tell us about what motivated you to write that New York Times op-ed and what was the main thrust of it?Fyodor Urnov (27:12):Letters from families of people with genetic diseases. Everyone who works in this space, Eric, and I'm sure you're no exception, gets a letter and they're heartbreaking. Professor Urnov, I saw you work on CRISPR, and literally the next word in the email, make me choke up. Will you save my dying angel? And I can't even say that without starting to choke up. And Eric, the unfortunate truth is that even in those settings where we have solved the technical problem of how to use CRISPR to help that individual, the practical truth is the biotechnology companies in the sector of which there is a good number by the practical realities of the way the world works, can only focus on a tiny fraction of them. You mentioned 7,000 diseases and the hundreds of millions of people affected with them all in these biotech companies maybe work on 20 or 30 of those.(28:10):What about the rest? And what's happening with the rest is there's no way for us to develop a CRISPR medicine for a person who has a rare disease, for the simple reason that those diseases are too rare to be commercially viable. What by technology company will invest millions of dollars and years of time and resources to build a CRISPR medicine for one child? Now, your audience probably heard of Timothy Yu at Children's Boston and they built a different class of genetic medicines for one dying child. Her name is Mila. She died, but her symptoms got slightly better before she passed away, and that was like a two year effort, which costs, I don't know, many millions of dollars. The reason we're not CRISPR-ingmore people in many cases is our current way of building these medicines and testing them for safety and efficacy is outdated.(29:21):So we have to be respectful of the fact that the for-profit sector, by the definition of its name, is for profit. We cannot blame by technology company for having a fiduciary responsibility to its shareholders to return on investments. What does that do to diseases which are not profitable? Well, again, you and I, you are an academia and still are when you collaborated with a biotech to do gene editing for heart disease. And I think that's exactly the model. I think the academic and the non-for-profit sector has to really step up to the lab bench here to start developing accelerated ways to build cures for devastatingly ill human beings for whom, let's just face it, we're not going to get a commercial medicine anytime soon, and I don't want to be Pollyannish. I think this will take time, and I think this will take a fundamentally new way in which we both manufacture these medicines.(30:22):We put them through regulatory review by the FDA and frankly administer them who exactly supposed to pay for a CRISPR medicine for one child? We don't know that. But the key point of my piece is that CRISPR is here now. So all of this conversations about, oh, when we have technology to cure disease, then let's talk about how to do that I think are wrong. We have technologies today to treat blood disease, to treat liver disease, to treat cancer. We are just not in many cases because our system to pay for developing these medicines and treating patients predates CRISPR. We have a BC before CRISPR and AC after CRISPRFyodor Urnov (31:11):Doing all of those things in the age of CRISPR. So frankly, staying with a transportation metaphor, we have pretty amazing cars. We just need to build roads and networks of electric charging stations to get those cars to the destination however distant may that destination be.Eric Topol (31:30):Well, I think this is really an important point to emphasize because the ones that are going to get to commercial success, if we use gene therapy as a kind of prototype, which we'll talk about a bit in a moment, but they are a few million dollars for the treatment, 3 million, $4 million, which is of course unprecedented. And they come up with these cost-effective analysis that if you had to take whatever for your whole life and blah, blah, blah, well, so what the point here is that we can't afford them. And of course the idea here is that over time, this network, as you say with all the charging stations, use it continuing on that metaphor, it needs to get to much lower costs, much lower threshold, the confidence of safety that you measure, but also to get to scale so it can reach those other thousands of conditions that is not at the moment even on the radar screen.(32:29):So I hope that that will occur. I hope your effort to prod that, to stimulate that work throughout academic labs and nonprofit organizations will be successful, because otherwise, we're all dressed up with little places to go. We're kind of in a place where it's exciting. It's like science fiction. We have cures for diseases that we didn't have treatments before. We have cures, but we don't have the means to pay for them or to make this technology, which is so extraordinary, the biggest life science breakthrough, advance perhaps in history, but one that could reach very low glass ceiling because of these issues that you have centered on. And I'm really grateful for you having gotten that out there.Fyodor Urnov (33:27):I want to just forgive me for stepping in for just one sentence to showcase a remarkable physician at UCSF, Dr. Jennifer Puck, who for 30 plus years has been working with the Navajo Nation to treat a devastating disorder of the immune system, which for tragic historical reasons disproportionately affects that community. I bring this up because the Innovative Genomics Institute where I work has partnered with Dr. Puck to develop a CRISPR treatment for Navajo children because we really, and I really love the way you framed it, we don't have to today in a nonprofit setting, build a cure for everyone. We need to build an example. How do you approach a disease for which the unmet need is enormous? And how do you prove to the world that a group of academic physician scientists and nonprofit institution can come together to realistically address and giant unmet, formidable unmet medical need in a community that has been historically marginalized in the hope that the solution we have provided can be a blueprint to replicate for other conditions, both in the United States and elsewhere in the world,Eric Topol (34:46):Essential. Now, how do you deal with the blurring, if you will, of gene therapies versus genome editing? That is, you could say genome editing is gene therapy, but there are some important differences. How do you conceptualize that?Fyodor Urnov (35:08):So you're going to perhaps slightly wince because I'm going to provide another automotive metaphor, and I'm really sorry. I should be more serious. Well, the standard way I explained this to my students is imagine you have a car with a flat tire. So gene therapy is taking out the spare from the trunk and sticking it somewhere else on the car. So now the car has a fifth wheel and hoping it runs. And believe it or not, that actually works. Gene editing is the flat.Eric Topol (35:39):That's good.Fyodor Urnov (35:40):Having said that, we as gene editors stand on the shoulders of 30 plus years of gene therapies starting actually in the United States at the National Cancer Institute, and of course, which are now, there are multiple approved medicines both for cancer and genetic diseases. And I really want to honor and salute not just the pioneers of this field, but the entire community of gene therapies who continue to push things forward. But I will admit, I am biased. Gene editing is a way to fix mutations right where they occur. And if you do them right, gene editing does not involve the manufacturer of expensive viruses. Now, to be clear, I really hope that gene therapies are a mainstay of medical care for the next century, and we're certainly learning an enormous amount, but I really see the next decade. Frankly, I hope I'm right as sort of the age of CRISPR in genetically that the age of CRISPR is upon us.Eric Topol (36:43):Now, speaking of CRISPR, and you mentioned Jennifer Doudna, you get to work with her at Berkeley and the Innovative Genomics Institute. What's it like to work with Jennifer?Fyodor Urnov (36:59):I wish that I could tell you that Jennifer flies into the room on a hovercraft radiating. Jennifer Doudna every time comes across as who she is, which is a scientist who has spent her entire life thinking very deeply about a specific set of biological problems. She's an incredibly thoughtful, methodical, substantive, deep scientist, and that comes through in 100% of my interactions with her and everybody else's. Her other feature is humility. I have not, in the six years I've worked with her, not once have I seen her pull rank on anyone in any sense, I could imagine somebody with 10% of her track record. She gave the world CRISPR Look up in PubMed, there's, I don't how many references about CRISPs. She starred an entire realm of biology and biomedicine. Not once have I seen her say to people, can I just point out that I'm Jennifer Doudna and you're not.(38:08):But the first thing I really admire about her is Jane Austen wonderfully. And satirically writes about one of her characters. He then retired to his estate where he could think with pleasure of his own importance. Jennifer Doudna is the inverse of that. She could retire and think with pleasure about her own impact. She's the inverse. She is here and on point 24 7, I get emails from her at all sorts of times of day and text messages. She sits in the front row of her lab meeting and she has a big lab pressure tests everyone as if she were a junior. Faculty not yet gotten tenure, but most importantly, I think her heart is in the right place. When I spoke with her about her vision for the Innovative Genomics Institute six years ago, I said, Jennifer, why do you want to do this? She said, I want to bring CRISPR to the world.(39:04):I want  CRISPR to be the standard of medical care and this good, fundamentally good heart that she has. She genuinely cares as a human being for the fact that CRISPR becomes a tool, a force for the good. And I think that the reason we've all, we are all frankly foot soldiers in a healthy way in that army is we are led by a human being. I jokingly, but with a modicum of seriousness. Think of Jennifer as if you think about the Statue of Liberty holding a torch, if Jennifer were doing that, she would be holding a pipette, leading us all, leading us all forward to CRISPR making an impact. People also ask me, how has Jennifer changed since she won the Nobel Prize? My answer is, she won the Nobel Prize. She hasn't, and I mean her schedule got worse. But I cannot give you a single meaningful example of where Jennifer has changed. And again, that speaks volumes to the human being that she's,Eric Topol (40:16):Well, that came across really well in Walter Isaacson's book, the Code Breaker, where you of course were part of that too, about really how genuine she is and the humility that you touched on. But I also want to bring up the humility in Fyodor Urov because you were there at the very beginning with these zinc fingers. You were putting them into cells and showing how they achieved genome editing. There was no CRISPR, there was no Cas9. You were onto this at a very early point, and so you describe yourself just now as a foot soldier, anything but that, I see you as a veritable pioneer in this field. And there's another thing about you that I think is very special, and that is your ability to communicate this complex area and get it where everyone can understand it, which is all the more important as it gets rolled out to become a realistic alternative to these conditions that we've been talking about. So for that and so many things, I'm indebted to you. So Fyodor, what have I missed? We can't cover everything. You could write encyclopedias about this and it's changing every week. But have I missed anything that's important in the field of genome editing that you should close on?Fyodor Urnov (41:46):Well, so as far as your gracious words, now that I'm no longer blushing like a ripe tomato, I do want to honor the enormous group of people, my colleagues at Sangamo and in the academic community for building genome editing 1.0 and you among a very select few leaders in biomedicine who saw early the promise of gene editing. Again, I showcase our collaboration as an example of what true vision in biomedicine can do. I think I would imagine that your audience might say, what about CRISPR for enhancement? Well, I personally don't see anything wrong with well-informed adult human beings agreeing to being gene edited to enhance some feature of themselves once we know that it is safe and effective. But we are years, maybe a decade away from that. So if any of those listening receive an email from CRISPRmebeautiful.com, offering a gene editing enhancement service report, that email as vial spam!(43:21):CRISPR is amazing. It's affecting agriculture medicine in so many different ways and fundamental research, it's making an astonishing progress in the clinic. Medically speaking today, it is exactly where it needs to be as an experimental treatment for severe disorders, all of us have a dream where you can be crisp, you can sort of tune your genes, if you will. I don't know if I will live to see that, but for now, all of us have one prize in mind, which is make CRISPR available as a safe and effective medicine for severe existing disease. And we are working hard towards that, and I think we have a legitimate foundation for good hope.Eric Topol (44:13):Yeah, I think that's putting it very solid. It's probably now with the experience to date, not just in those hundreds of patients and in clinical trials, it continues to look extraordinary that it is going to fulfill the great, and as you said, it's not just in medicine. Many other walks of life are benefiting from this. And a lot of people don't realize that when you do a successful xenotransplant and you otherwise would die, but you give them a pig heart and you edit  50, 60 different genes in critical places so that it appears to the body as a human heart transplant, one that won't be rejected. Theoretically, you open up areas like that that are just so exceptional. But to also highlight that we're not talking, we're talking about somatic genome editing already, genes that are sick or need to be adjusted, if you will, not the ones in embryos that change the human race. No, we're not going there. The off target affects the safety. We'll learn more and more about this in the times ahead and the short times ahead with all the more people that are getting the first lines of treatment. So Fyodor, thank you so much. Thank you for your friendship over this extended period of time. You've taught me so much over the years, and I'm so glad we have a chance to regroup here, to kind of assess the field as it stands today and how it's going to keep evolving at a high velocity.Fyodor Urnov (45:58):My goodness, Eric, it's been amazing, amazing honor. And I should also say, and this is the truth, my morning ritual consists of two things, a shot of espresso, and seeing if you've posted anything interesting on Twitter, that is how I wake up my brain to take on the day. So thank you for not just your amazing vision and extraordinary efforts as a scientist and a physician scientist, but also thank you for the remarkable work you do in making critical advances in medicine and framing them in their exact right way for a very large audience. And I'm humbled and honored by your invitation to speak with you today in this setting. Let's just say that the moment this comes out, I'm going to tell my mom. Mom, yes. What? Oh my gosh. I have spoken with Eric Topol. She will be very excited.Eric Topol (46:53):Well, you're much too kind and we'll leave it there and reconvene in the future for a update because it won't be long before there'll be some substantial ones. Peter, thank you so much.Fyodor Urnov (47:05):Truly, truly a pleasure. Thank you.Thanks for listening (or reading, or both) this Ground Truths podcastPlease share if you found it informative! All proceeds from Ground Truths go to Scripps Research. Get full access to Ground Truths at erictopol.substack.com/subscribe

Get ready to shift gears with us as we kickstart the conversation with the latest buzz in the automotive world. We turn our attention towards the Red Bull racing engine program and we also touch upon NASCAR's debut street race in Chicago - a milestone for the city that's causing quite a stir. From the windy city, we divert to the less glamorous streets of San Francisco and then to the Texas Modified Productions race at Extreme Raceway Park in Ferris, Texas. In the third segment, we invite you to our car clinic, where we dissect engine modifications and explore the details of how the engine intake ports work. We'll also discuss the impact of EPA regulations on power and performance, and take you on an insightful journey from the intake manifold of a Ford Model T, to a two-barrel flathead, a small block Chevy, and a drag racing torque manifold. If you're passionate about cars, this is a conversation you wouldn't want to miss. We wrap up the segment by sharing some tips on how to safeguard your car with services from Gulf Coast Auto Shield, a Houston-based automotive detailing facility. Don't forget to tune in to our award-winning car talk show, now served in bite-sized 30-minute episodes. You can catch us on Apple podcasts, Spotify, Google podcasts, Amazon Music, Audible, and a dozen more platforms.---- ----- Want more In Wheel Time Car Talk any time? In Wheel Time Car Talk is now available on iHeart Radio! Just go to iheart.com/InWheelTimeCarTalk where ever you are.----- -----Be sure to subscribe on your favorite podcast provider for the next episode of In Wheel Time Car Talk and check out our live broadcast every Saturday, 8a-11aCT simulcasting on iHeart Radio, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Twitch and InWheelTime.com.In Wheel Time Car Talk can be heard on you mobile device from providers such as:Apple Podcasts, Pandora Podcast, Amazon Music Podcast, Spotify, Google Podcasts, Stitcher, iHeart Radio podcast, TuneIn + Alexa, Podcast Addict, Castro, Castbox and more on your mobile device.Follow InWheelTime.com for the latest updates!Twitter: https://twitter.com/InWheelTimeInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/inwheeltime/https://www.iheart.com/live/in-wheel-time-car-talk-9327/https://www.youtube.com/inwheeltimehttps://www.Facebook.com/InWheelTimeFor more information about In Wheel Time Car Talk, email us at info@inwheeltime.comTags: In Wheel Time, automotive car talk show, car talk, Live car talk show, In Wheel Time Car Talk

The show opened with Tom to complaining to Jill about a woman at the donut shop individually selecting each of the 18 donuts in her order, consulting the clerk on each, and occasionally rejecting choices after they had been boxed. Pressed for time, Tom left the shop and got cannoli from a nearby European deli instead. The team would go on to discuss the all-new Mazda CX-90 midsize crossover, and its repositioning as a more-premium offering in the segment. The hosts agreed that the new '90 is generally impressive, though Tom had a couple of complaints. Tom squeezed in a quick summary of his “Classic Car Ads: 1925 Ford Model T” blog post, which he believes includes the lowest-ever advertised price in the U.S. for a regular-production new car. Jill and Tom are joined by Patrick Olsen of Carfax in the second segment. Patrick shared news regarding a couple of pieces recently published by the Carfax editorial team, topics including the number of cars on the road in need of serious recall work, and the continued high rate of catalytic-converter theft. Links to these articles are available on the Car Stuff Podcast Facebook page, and at Blog.ConsumerGuide.com. In the third segment Jill is subjected to Tom's quiz on the Indian car market. Did Jill pass? Listen and find out. Smells Like HumansLike listening to funny friends discuss curious human behavior.Listen on: Apple Podcasts Spotify

@RageAdvice  discusses his first encounter with Killer Mike through Bone Crusher's “Outside the Clurrrb” Remix; how humans tend to believe their own personal limitations are the measure of all limitations and refuse to investigate things they don't understand.I discuss Napoleon Hill... Henry Ford... What "tough guy" is truly code for in the realm of combat sports... How they hated on the Ford Model T... Final Fantasy Vll, Vlll, X, Xll, & Final Fantasy XVl...  The Oregon Trail... and much more.Click here to join the AUDIO DOPE DISCORRRRD! After the critical success of MASTER TONBERRY, I had to bring LOOTEN PLUNDER which surpassed my all-time highest number of worldwide doo-hickeys & whatnot... and then after LOOTEN PLUNDER came GANG ORCA... That made its rounds at an even more feverish pace than the former two! Poised to outperform LOOTEN PLUNDER already... and now the success of the aformentioned brings us to the ULTIMATE CHIN CHAMPIONSHIPS & I have you t thank world-- lets goooooAUDIO DOPEAUDIO KILOS:"TWO DAYS" by Killer Mike (from the Michael album)"Two Bad I Have to Destroy You Now" by Kid CudiSupport the show@RAGEADVICE

This week we are talking creativity with a review of some of the best bits of creativity our panel has seen in the past month or so.On the show today to help us review some of the best creative work are:Lora Martyr, creative director, Taylor HerringDaniel Glover, co-founder & creative director, The AcademyIndy Selvarajah, chief creative officer, Global Markets, KetchumThis is the second episode of our now newish monthly global creativity review on the PRmoment podcast.Each month we will feature a rolling panel of PR creatives and in each episode our panellists will choose the favourite creative work they've seen recently.This special PRmoment Podcast about creativity is, naturally enough, bought to you in partnership with Creative Moment and I'd highlight the Creative Moment Awards which are now open for entries, the final entry deadline is Friday 30th June.I'd also encourage you to check out this week's Good and Bad PR. One fun story from this week is about a river in Cumbria called the Swindale Beck. Over 200 years ago the locals cut out the meanders and made the river straight, to increase the footprint of the farmland. But the move killed all the fish that had happily swam up and down the river up until that point. The straightening had made the water flow faster and the fish could no longer survive.So the RSPB and United Utilities and their friends have “re-wiggled” the river and the fish have come back and nature is at one with itself once again.A beautiful story to end on and our dear friends at Meltwater have been in touch to put some data behind this PR wonderfulness - unsurprisingly the word fish dominated the top positive keywords and there were 3.2 thousand engagements of the story on social channels. Do check out this week's Good and Bad PR for all the background.Thanks as ever to the PRmoment Podcast sponsors The PRCA. Here's a summary of what PRmoment founder Ben Smith discussed with Lora, Indy and Dan4 mins Indy Selvarajah tells us why he loves the Ravi Superstar Adidas collab.“The campaign is built on a lovely human insight from an immigrant community”“It's beautifully crafted - it's got that beautiful key visual you can use across all channels”“This is about integration, about seeing something that lives across everything.”“The best campaigns I see are those that are crafted within an inch of their life”“This is a campaign where Adidas start to feel like an underdog again”13 mins Dan Glover talks us through 3 of his favourite recent campaigns:Ford recreates the 100-year-old story of Aloha Wanderwell's pioneering drive around the world in a Ford Model T, this time with travel influencer Lexie Alford behind the wheel of a Ford all-electric Explorer launch.

We made it to 100 episodes! I'm not sure how, why, or even where, but 100 have been recorded and broadcast (well 101 if you count the accidental re-record of Panamera...), so what better time to cover the car that started it all - the Ford Model T. Plus Steve tells us about his ancestral homelands.

Tom and guest host Brendan Appel of the Sons of Speed opened the show with the news that Honda is addressing issues with the engine stop/start system on some of its models. The conversation turned to Jaguar, and the British luxury carmaker's plan to trim its dealership count by offering dealers dualled with Land Rover stores additional allocations of hot-selling Land Rover models in exchange for relinquishing their Jaguar franchises. In the second segment, guest Carly Bly of Lexus talked about the redesigned 2023 Lexus RX, and hinted at product news to come. Stay tuned. Brendan was subjected to Tom's “1923 Ford Model T vs. 2023 Porsche 911” quiz, though Tom forgot the bonus question. (You can see the bonus question at the Car Stuff Podcast Facebook page.) To close the show, Tom recounted his time evaluating the 2023 Ram 2500 Heavy Duty Rebel pickup (almost sporty?), and Brendan discussed the Sons of Speed's latest review, a test drive of the 2023 Nissan Z. What's YOUR Best PriceEducate, entertain, & give you the leverage necessary to drive away with YOUR best price.Listen on: Apple Podcasts Spotify Smells Like HumansLike listening to funny friends discuss curious human behavior.Listen on: Apple Podcasts Spotify

We are back at the Moose to bring you this special episode with guest Alex Edwards. Alex is here to talk about his book Four Failures that Changed the World. This is a book interview as only At Refreshment can bring you!Four Failures that Changed the Worldhttps://www.amazon.com/Four-Failures-Who-Changed-World/dp/1530288762/ref=sr_1_4?crid=1WUMFZSQ567KA&keywords=four+failures+that+changed+the+world&qid=1677304622&s=books&sprefix=four+failurs+that+changed+the+world%2Cstripbooks%2C105&sr=1-4all Sound bites from myinstantshttps://www.myinstants.com/en/index/us/Photos, Music, and Othershttps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1908_Ford_Model_T.jpghttps://www.flickr.com/photos/centralasian/5577775866https://pixabay.com/videos/chameleon-reptile-scales-animal-72389/https://www.pinterest.com/pin/katt-williams-quote--121737996147736990/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katt_Williamshttps://www.epidemicsound.com/music

February 17, 1972. The Volkswagen Beetle becomes the world's best-selling car, breaking a record held for decades by the Ford Model T.Go to HistoryDaily.com for more history, daily.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Jeopardy! recaps from the week of January 16th, 2023. Emily is a witch-apologist, we plug the back-catalogue again, and Emily dives into the Ford Model T. Find us on Facebook (Potent Podables) and Twitter (@potentpodables1). Check out our Patreon (patreon.com/potentpodables). Email us at potentpodablescast@gmail.com. Continue to support social justice movements in your community and our country. www.communityjusticeexchange.org https://www.gofundme.com/c/act/stop-aapi-hate www.rescue.org  www.therebelsproject.org www.abortionfunds.org

Hello and welcome to the Lost Episodes Part 5 of the Thirst For Knowledge Podcast! On this week's Lost Episode, originally recorded on September 15, 2018, James, Justin and Seth visit The Big E in Springfield, MA.  In Part 1 of this 2 part adventure to the fair the gang discuss Christmas trees, butter sculptures, judging animals, the rise in the squirrel population in 2018 and what caused it, the various uses for the Ford Model T, strategies for growing the world's largest onion, replica state buildings, and much more. Thanks for listening and be sure to review, rate, and subscribe! TFK : Instagram | Facebook | Twitter Check out Seth's new music project Dynamic Earth! Instagram | Spotify | Bandcamp

Raising kids in a technologically advanced world isn't easy. We talk about cell phones, Ford Model T's, Space, Sega Channel and Neil deGrasse Tyson.Support the showhttps://neighborhooddads.buzzsprout.comEmail - neighborhooddads1@gmail.comTwitter - @therealDads432Facebook - Neighborhood DadsInstagram - Neighborhood.dadsTikTok - @neighborhooddads

Episode 83: “Christmas is for car lovers at the winter wonderland at Gilmore Car Museum"In this episode, producer Phil Tower, along with hosts Al Schwinkendorf and John Puhek, welcome back our friend Josh Russell, executive director of The Gilmore Car Museum. Josh talks about the amazing holiday experience at the Gilmore known as Winter WonderlandWinter Wonderland at The Gilmore Car Museum features a holiday lights spectacular, unlike any other holiday lights show attraction. Visitors can enjoy a driving tour through the lighted grounds, surrounded by festive music and decorations, then journey inside the museum to meet Santa Claus and explore the Gilmore's Festival of Trees as you walk through our galleries filled with hundreds of classic cars.Josh said that Gilmore's Winter Wonderland has several memorable experiences for guests to enjoy including visits and photos with Santa; a giant, one-of-a-kind maze of holiday inflatables; a nostalgic 1960s fresh Christmas tree and wreath lot, complete with a vintage Shasta camper trailer plus family rides through the lights in Ford Model T's, a Checker Taxi Cab, a ‘63 Cadillac convertible, and several other vintage cars from our collectionWinter Wonderland at The Gilmore Car Museum online:https://gilmorecarmuseum.org/events/winter-wonderlandLike us on Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/MichigansAutoTalkPodcastMichigan's AutoTalk podcast is available on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, Google Podcasts, Amazon Audio, Spreaker.com, Deezer, and Podcatcher.Thank you for listening. If you like our podcast please share it with a friend!

Augmented reveals the stories behind the new era of industrial operations, where technology will restore the agility of frontline workers. In this episode of the podcast, the topic is Lean Manufacturing. Our guest is Michel Baudin (https://www.linkedin.com/in/michelbaudin/), author, and owner of Takt Times Group. In this conversation, we talk about how industrial engineering equals the engineering of human work and why manufacturing and industrial engineering education needs to change because it has drifted away from industrial work and a future where manufacturing is not going away. If you like this show, subscribe at augmentedpodcast.co (https://www.augmentedpodcast.co/). If you like this episode, you might also like Episode 84 on The Evolution of Lean with Professor Torbjørn Netland from ETH Zürich (https://www.augmentedpodcast.co/84). Augmented is a podcast for industry leaders, process engineers, and shop floor operators, hosted by futurist Trond Arne Undheim (https://trondundheim.com/) and presented by Tulip (https://tulip.co/). Follow the podcast on Twitter (https://twitter.com/AugmentedPod) or LinkedIn (https://www.linkedin.com/company/75424477/). Trond's Takeaway: Lean manufacturing might mean many things, but industrial work has largely been a consistent practice over several hundred years, which is not necessarily a bad thing. Having said that, if we want to go about improving it, we might want to stay pretty close to the workforce and not sit in statistics labs far removed from it. Efficiency is tied to work practices, and they cannot be optimized beyond what the workforce can handle or want to deal with. As we attempt to be lean, whatever we mean by that, we need to remember that work is a thoroughly human endeavor. Transcript TROND: Welcome to another episode of the Augmented Podcast. Augmented brings industrial conversations that matter, serving up the most relevant conversations on industrial tech. Our vision is a world where technology will restore the agility of frontline workers. In this episode of the podcast, the topic is Lean Manufacturing. Our guest is Michel Baudin, author, and owner of Takt Times Group. In this conversation, we talk about how industrial engineering equals the engineering of human work and why manufacturing and industrial engineering education needs to change because it has drifted away from industrial work and a future where manufacturing is not going away. Augmented is a podcast for industrial leaders, process engineers, and shop floor operators hosted by futurist Trond Arne Undheim and presented by Tulip. Michel, welcome. How are you? MICHEL: Fine, thank you. How about yourself? TROND: Things are good. Things are looking up. I'm excited to talk about lean manufacturing with you, having had such a rich, professional background. Michel, you're French. You originally, I think, were thinking of becoming a probability researcher, or you were actually, and then you went to Japan and studied Toyota. You have had this career in English, German, Japanese sort of consulting all the way back from 1987 onwards on exciting topics, lean manufacturing, and especially implementing it, right? The real deal. You've authored at least four technical books that I know about. And I think you listed probably a while back, having written 900 blog posts. You've been very busy. You are the owner of the Takt Times Group, which is a consulting firm on lean manufacturing. And you love math, but you have this very interesting attitude, which we'll talk about, which is math is great, but it's not always the best communication tool. Tell me a little about that to start off. You're a probability researcher that doesn't use math; I think that's fascinating. MICHEL: I use it, but I don't brag about it with people that it turns off. So I have to be in the closet for this because people who work in manufacturing usually focus on concrete things, things that they can see and touch, and abstraction is not something that they respond well to. So whenever you explain a principle, my approach is to state this principle and then dig into some very specific examples right away; otherwise, I'm losing the people I'm talking to. But anyway, that's what I've had to do. TROND: So, did I capture your background okay? I mean, you've had a very international life so far. I hope it's been enjoyable and not just professional because you've spent your time in Germany, and Japan, and in the U.S., So you're really enjoying the different kinds of manufacturing environments. Or is it that you just want to be close to where it's all happening? MICHEL: I've enjoyed living in many different countries. And so you mentioned I'm French. I was born and raised in France, but I'm an American citizen, and I spent most of my life in the U.S. I think of myself as being part French, part American, part German, part Japanese. Because when I'm in a country, I tend to immerse myself in the culture; I don't stay aloof from it. TROND: Well, I'm curious about that because in the abstract... so if we are in the world of math, then you could maybe say that efficiency techniques are global; that was the idea. Some people have that idea, let's say, that efficiency is a global thing, and there's one thing called efficiency, and everybody should just learn it because then it's all better. It seems to me that because you spent a lot of time in three different places, it shows up differently. MICHEL: I don't use the word efficiency so much because it's limited. There are techniques to improve manufacturing performance in every aspect of it, efficiency only being one of them, and these techniques are pretty universal. Now, when you're trying to help people in different countries, it's a postulate. You have to postulate what works in one place will work in another. So far, I haven't found any reason to believe otherwise. I have encountered many people who are saying things like, "This is country X, and these techniques don't work because our people are from country X." It's one of the most common techniques to refuse to implement anything new. The fact is the Toyota Production System wasn't supposed to be applicable to American workers until Toyota applied it with American workers in its joint venture with GM in the early 1980s at NUMMI specifically. It became a showcase. Later, Toyota opened its own factory in the U.S. in Georgetown, Kentucky, and applied the system there. And then, a few years later, it opened its own factory in France, and it worked with French workers. So it's really the idea that this only works in certain cultures or this only works in Japan. It's just the reality is different. It works pretty much everywhere. TROND: Well, that's fascinating, though, because, like you said, you have immersed yourself in these different factory and industrial cultures, if you may, and you are implementing lean in all of them or advising on lean methods. Why don't we start with that, then, perhaps? Tell me a little bit, what is lean to you? MICHEL: Lean to me...and I use the term less and less because I think over the past 30 years, it's lost a lot of its meaning. When it first came out, it was the latest in a number of labels that have been applied to the same thing. In the early 1980s, you talked about just-in-time then there was world-class manufacturing. A number of different terms were used and never really caught on. This one caught on. And the way I took it, I took it to mean generic versions of the Toyota Production System. There are very good reasons why you can't call what you're proposing to a company that makes frozen foods a Toyota Production System. There are also very strong reasons why you can't even go to a car company and do this. It's very awkward for a car company to openly admit to be using a competitor's system. So you have to have a label that refers to the content but doesn't refer to where it's coming from. TROND: So for you, at the basic level, if you strip away everything, it still is essentially the Toyota Production System, and lean is just to you, I'm just paraphrasing, it's a convenient wrapping for a way to explain it in a way that's non-threatening. But it is essentially the lessons from the Toyota Production System from a while back. MICHEL: That's the way I took it. That's why I adopted this label in the early 1990s, but a lot of time has elapsed since then. Because it became popular, very many people started using that label. And the content they were putting under it was pretty much...they were attaching this label to whatever they were doing. It has lost a great deal of its meaning which is why at this point, I rarely refer to it. TROND: So you're saying a lot of people are attaching lean to whatever they're doing, I mean, understandably so, Michel, right? Because it's become a very successful term. It sells books. It sells consulting. It does refer back to something that you think is real. So can you understand why people would do this if you are in consulting, or even in teaching, or you work in an industry, and you're managing something, why people would resort to this label? MICHEL: First of all, consultants have to have a brand name for what they're selling. It was useful. As a brand name, you have to call what you're offering by a given name, and clients look for this. It's a keyword they look for, and that's how they find you. So it's really necessary. I'm not criticizing consultants for using that. TROND: No, no, I understand it. And, I mean, you're also a little bit in a glass box in the sense that you are within the general tent of lean yourself. So I understand that. I fully understand it. MICHEL: What happens when it's successful is that more and more people jump on this bandwagon and say, okay, I'm going to offer a lean. When you look at what they're saying, it does not reflect the original content. By about 2000s, it had evolved into...what most consultants were offering was drawing value stream maps and organizing Kaizen events. Those two keywords are absent from the Toyota Production System. TROND: Can you explain...so this is interesting. Because I was going to ask you exactly this, what are the types of elements that you react to the most that you feel is really...because one thing is to say it diverged from the original content, but if it is kind of a valuable extension of something...but you're saying value streams and the Kaizens, the Kaizen practices they have very little to do with the Toyota Production System in your reading. MICHEL: That's right. The value stream mapping is a new name for a technique that they call; I mean the translation of the original name is, Materials and Information Flow Analysis (MIFA), Mono to Joho no Nagare in Japanese, flow of materials and information. So that's one idea. And there is a particular graphic convention that has actually evolved from Toyota that became the value stream mapping graphic convention, but it never was in the Toyota context. Mike Rother's own admission (He wrote Learning to See, which promoted this technique.) said it was not an important topic at Toyota. It has some uses, but if you go on factory tours in Japan, you don't see a lot of value stream maps. And so it's been taken...it was a specific tool for a specific purpose like figuring out how to work with a particular supplier. And then it was made into this supposedly all-powerful analytical tool that is the first thing that you have to do when you go into a factory is map its value streams, so that's taking a very small part of what Toyota does and make it into this big thing. As for Kaizen Events, it's actually an American invention. It's something that came out of...in the early 1990s; there were a number of executives who were frustrated with the slow pace of lean implementation with other methods. So they came up with this format they called the Kaizen Blitz, that became the Kaizen events. It's also traced back to some Japanese consulting firms, which found this particular format as a convenient way to make good use of a trip from Japan to the U.S. They would organize one-week events at their clients because it was a good way to justify essentially the cost and the trouble of flying over. TROND: I'm going to go with your story here. So let's say these two are kind of examples for you of things diverting from the original content. Why don't we speak about what the original content then is for a minute? What is the core of the Toyota production method or of lean in its original form for you? MICHEL: Well, the Toyota Production System is something I'm very interested in and still studying. And it's not a static thing. It's something that, for example, the first publication about it was from the early 1970s, an internal document from Toyota with its suppliers. And then there have been many, many other publications about it through the decades. And it's changed in nature, and the concepts of manufacturing have evolved. By definition, the Toyota Production System is what Toyota does. They're very good at making cars. And so it's always important to try to keep up with what it is they're doing, knowing that there is a 5 to 10-year gap between the time they come up with new concepts and the time that the rest of the world gets to know about them. And so, in the early 1990s, there were essentially concepts of how to organize production lines, how to lay out production lines, how to design operator workstations. And there were concepts on how to regulate and manage the flow of materials and the flow of information between stations and lines and between suppliers and customers. And there was also an approach to the management of people and the whole human resource management aspect of hiring people for careers, having career plans for everybody, including shop floor operators, managing to improve the operations based on this infrastructure. So it's a very rich concept, and it encompasses every aspect of manufacturing, logistics, and production control, all the way to accountability. So it's compared with other things like the Theory of Constraints or TPM that are much more limited in scope. There is an approach to quality that Toyota has. The quality improvement is not all of the Toyota Production System. It's a complete system for making a product covering all the bases. TROND: Let me just pick up on one thing, so you're saying it's a complete system. So one thing you pointed out was the HR aspect, and hiring people for careers is one thing, but you also said the career plans for shop floor operators. So I took two things from that, and I was going to ask about this because this has been used as one example of why you cannot implement the Toyota Production System in the same way in different countries, namely because that is one aspect of society that a company doesn't fully control because it is regulated. So, for example, in Europe and in France, which you know, really well, and Germany, you know, employment is regulated in a different way. If a company was going to have the same HR policy in three different factories in three different countries, they would have to have, first of all, obviously, follow the national regulation. But then they would have to add things on top of that that would, you know, specific employee protections that are perhaps not part, for example, of U.S. work culture. So that's one thing I wanted to kind of point to. But the other thing is interesting. So you said career plans for shop floor operators meaning Toyota has a plan for even the basic level worker meaning the operators, the people who are on the floor. And that seems to me a little bit distinct. Because in the modern workplace, it is at least commonly thought that you spend more time both training and caring about people who are making career progression. And you don't always start at the bottom. You sort of hope that the smart people or whatever, the people who are doing the best job, are starting to advance, and then you invest in those people. But you're saying...is there something here in the Toyota Production System that cares about everybody? MICHEL: Yes. But let me be clear about something. The way Toyota manages HR is not something that there are a lot of publications about. There's probably a good reason for this is because they probably consider it to be their crown jewel, and they're not that keen to everybody knowing about it. A lot of the publications about it are quite old. But there's nothing in the regulations and labor laws of any country that prevent you from doing more for your employees than you're required to. TROND: That's a great point. That's a great point. MICHEL: So there are laws that forbid you from doing less than certain things, but they're not laws that prevent you from doing more. There is no rule that you have to offer career plans for production operators because there's nothing preventing you from doing it. In a completely different situation, a large company making personal products ranging from soap to frozen foods...I won't name what the company is, but they have a policy of not being committed to their workers. Essentially, if business is good, you hire people. If there's a downturn, you lay people off. They wanted to migrate from the situation where you have a lot of low-skilled employees that are essentially temps to a situation where they have higher level of qualification and fewer people. So the question is, how do you manage the transition? The way this company eventually did it in this particular plant was to define a new category of employee like, say, technical operator. And a technical operator will be recruited at higher a level of education than the general population of operators. They will be given more training in both hard skills and soft skills and the specific processes they're going to be running, and some additional training on how to manage the quality of these processes, that sort of thing. But at the level of a production operator, they will be put in charge of these processes. And this small group would be separate job categories than the others. And gradually, this evolves to a situation where you only hire into this group. You don't hire any more of the traditional operators. And then, you provide a transition path for the other operators to become members of that group so that over a period of time, gradually, the general population of less skilled, less stable operator shrinks. And you end up over a number of years with a situation where all of the operators that you have are these highly trained operators who are there for the duration. So that's one kind of pattern on how you can manage this kind of transition. TROND: Super interesting. Can I ask you a basic question? So you've been in this consulting part of this venture, you know, of this world for a long time. Where do you typically start? When do you get called, or when do you sign up to help a company, at what stage? What sort of challenge do they have? Do you visit them and tell them they do have a challenge? What is the typical problem a company might have that you can help with or that you choose to help with? MICHEL: There are a lot of different situations. One particular case was a company in defense electronics in the U.S. had a facility in Indiana, and they were migrating all this work to a new facility in Florida. What they told me...they called me in, and they told me that they wanted to take the opportunity of this move to change the way they were doing production. Generally, my answer to that would be, well, it's really difficult to combine a geographical change of facility with an improvement in the way you do the work. Normally, you improve first where you are. You don't try to combine transformation and migration. TROND: It's a funny thing, I would say. It seems like the opposite of what you should be doing to try to make one change at a time. MICHEL: But there were several circumstances that made it work. You can have general principles, and when you're in a real situation, it doesn't always apply. One is the circumstances under which they were doing this migration was such that the people in the old plant were in an environment where there was a labor shortage, so none of them had any problem finding jobs elsewhere if they didn't want to move to Florida. If they wanted to move to Florida, they could, if they didn't want to move to Florida, they had to leave the company, but there were plenty of other companies hiring around. And so there was not this kind of tension due to people losing their jobs and not having an alternative. And then, the transition was announced way ahead of time, so they had something like a 15-month period to plan for their transfer. And to my great surprise, the operators in the old plan were perfectly...were very helpful in figuring out the design for the new lines and contributed ideas. And there was no resentment of that situation. TROND: In this particular example and in other examples, to what extent is production, you know, process redesign a technology challenge, and to what extent is it a human workforce challenge? Or do you not separate the two? MICHEL: I try not to separate the two because you really have to consider them jointly. A technical solution that nobody wants to apply is not going to be helpful. And something everybody wants to apply but that doesn't work, is not going to be helpful either. So you have to consider both. And in this transition, by the way, between these two plants, most of the labor difficulties were in the new plant, not in the old one, because this plant became a section of the new plant. And none of the other lines in that new plant did anything similar, so it stood out as being very different from what all the other lines did. What all the other lines did is you had a structure that is common in electronics assembly where you have rows of benches at which people sat and did one operation, and then the parts were moved in batches between these rows of benches. And instead of that, we put cells where the parts moved one at a time between different operations. And it was also organized so that it could be expanded from the current volume of work to higher volume of work. And so a lot more went into the design. I was a consultant there, but I don't claim credit for the final design. It was the design of the people from the company. They actually got a prize within the company for having done something that was exceptionally good. And when I spoke with them a few years later, they had gone from having something like 20% of the space used for production in the new facility to having it completely full because they were able to expand this concept. MID-ROLL AD: In the new book from Wiley, Augmented Lean: A Human-Centric Framework for Managing Frontline Operations, serial startup founder Dr. Natan Linder and futurist podcaster Dr. Trond Arne Undheim deliver an urgent and incisive exploration of when, how, and why to augment your workforce with technology, and how to do it in a way that scales, maintains innovation, and allows the organization to thrive. The key thing is to prioritize humans over machines. Here's what Klaus Schwab, Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, says about the book: "Augmented Lean is an important puzzle piece in the fourth industrial revolution." Find out more on www.augmentedlean.com, and pick up the book in a bookstore near you. TROND: Michel, I know that you have a consulting life and a consulting hat, but you also have a teaching hat and a teaching passion. Why did you write this recent textbook which is coming out on Routledge this fall, I believe, with Torbjø Netland from ETH? It's an Introduction to Manufacturing but with a very specific kind of industrial engineering perspective. You told me when we talked earlier that there's a really specific reason why you wrote this textbook, and you have some very, I guess, strong views or worries about how manufacturing education, but perhaps the way it's taught really needs to change. And you feel like some schools are drifting away from the core. What's happening there? MICHEL: Well, industrial engineering as a discipline is about 100 years old, take or leave a decade or two. It started out as...the way I describe it is the engineering of human work in the manufacturing environment. And it expanded to fields other than manufacturing, even at the time of pioneers like Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. For example, we know the way operating rooms in hospitals work with the surgeon being assisted by nurses who hand all the tools to the surgeon; that particular form of organization is due to Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, industrial engineers who looked at the way operating rooms worked and figured that you really don't want to leave a patient with his belly open on the table while the surgeon goes to fetch the tool. You got to have some people giving the tools to the surgeon so that the surgeon can keep operating on the patient. It sounds obvious now, but it wasn't obvious in 1910. And so they were immediately some applications outside of manufacturing, but the bulk of the work was on manufacturing. And the way it's evolved, especially in the past few decades, is that it's gotten away from that focus on human work. And when you look at the research interests of the academics in this field, you find that it's completely dominated by operations research and math. TROND: So we're back to the math. [chuckles] So I find it fascinating that...well, you obviously have a deep insight into it, so you are sensitized to the challenges of overfocusing on one technical discipline as kind of the mantra and the fodder, I guess, the research data for all kinds of processes. I mean, why is math such a big problem, and what do you mean by human work in industrial manufacturing? Because to many people, the advanced work right now is about digitization, digitalization, and it has to do with machines and computers, and one would assume with big data or at least with data. Are you arguing against that trend? MICHEL: No. I mean, if you ask the question of what is human work? The classical answer that I would give is what happens when the guy picks up the wrench. That's one answer. But what happens when the operator sees an alarm message on the control screen of a machine, that's a different answer, a more modern answer. So you had people with the torque wrench applying the right torque to a bolt manually, and then the torque wrench would tell him when the torque was achieved. That's one form of human work. But monitoring and looking after multiple machines that are connected and have a central control system is also human work. You also have people doing it. And they have to feed these machines. They have to make sure that the machines have the right kinds of tools and dyes available to them. They have to maintain these machines. They have to program these machines, and they have to monitor them during production. And one particular problem with automatic systems is micro stoppages. Are you familiar with that term? TROND: Well, explain it to all of us, micro stoppages. I mean stoppages, obviously, anything that stops the production line, whether it's a minor, major, I mean, that would be what I think you are saying. MICHEL: Well, if it's a big problem, the operator doesn't solve it. The operator calls maintenance, and maintenance sends somebody to solve it. Micro stoppage is a problem that's small enough for the operator to deal with. And so, in daily life or in any office life, one very common micro stoppage problem is the copier, right? You tell the copier to print 20 collated copies of a document, and you walk away expecting to find these 20 copies ready when you come back. It doesn't happen because there are some paper jams and so you have to clear the paper jam and restart. You have a lot of things like that in production where parts jam and shoots and stop coming down in automatic system. You have all sorts of issues like this which cause production lines to stop in a way that the operator can resolve in half a minute or a minute and restart. What these things cause is that you have to have an operator there. And so if you really want to have an automatic system that are fire and forget...when you press a button, you move away to do something else while the machine goes through an automatic cycle. When that automatic cycle is finished, you come back. Micro stoppages prevent you from doing that. And they're very difficult to avoid, but they're a major problem, even today. TROND: Michel, I wanted to keep talking about the educational part. But before that, I just wanted to benefit from your experience here and ask you a much more basic question which is so you're writing this textbook about the future or introducing prospective students to industrial engineering and manufacturing. My question is, historically, factories were a very, very big part of manufacturing. Nowadays, meaning in the last few years after the pandemic and other things, a lot of us start to spend a lot more time on an issue, which I'm assuming you have spent a lifetime working on as well, which is supply chain which goes far beyond the factory because it's not located in any one factory, if anything, it's a system of many factories, and it's obviously the supplies of material flows into the factory. And the reason I'm asking you about this is in thinking about the future, which I'll ask you about in a second, a lot of people are sort of factory of the future, this and that. And there are visions about how this is going to change. But it strikes me that manufacturing is and has always been so much more than the factory. What are the components that you really worry about? So, humans, you worry about humans. And you worry about materials. And then you obviously have to worry about the physical infrastructures that are regulating these things. What else goes into it on the macro level? What is this book about, I guess? MICHEL: We're talking about supply chains as well because, as you mentioned, they're a very important part of manufacturing. And when you design a manufacturing system to make a product, you have to make decisions about your products, about components of your product, and what you make in-house, and what you buy from the outside. And there's a major difference between supply chain issues relating to customers, on one hand, the suppliers on the other. It's not just suppliers; it's both sides, incoming supply chain and the outgoing as well. One major difference with what happens in the factory is that you don't control what other people decide, what other organizations decide. So when you manage a supply chain, you have to manage a network of organizations that are independent businesses. How do you get this network of independent businesses to work with you, to cooperate with you, to make your manufacturing successful? That is a big challenge in supply chain management. Inside a factory, that's an environment you control. It's your organization. What management says is supposed to go; it doesn't always, but it's supposed to go. And you have a lot more control over what happens inside than over what happens in the supply chain. And how much control you have over what happens in the supply chain depends greatly on your size. For example, if you're a small customer of a special kind of alloy that only has one manufacturer in the world, you're a very small customer to a very large manufacturer, a metals company. You're not in a position of strength to get that supplier to work with you. If you're a car company making 10 million cars a year and you're dealing with a company that is making forgings for engine parts, you have a lot of control. You have a lot of influence. You represent a large part of their business. They can't afford to lose you. You can't afford to lose them. You can replace them if they don't perform. They can't afford to lose you. They might go out of business if they did. So it's a very different kind of position to be in. And so when you deal with that sort of thing, you have to think through, what is my position with respect to suppliers and customers? Where is it? Where's the driving influence? And it's not always...power in a supply chain is not always resident with the company that does the final assembly of consumer products. In electronics, for example, semiconductor manufacturers are much more key than people who assemble computers. TROND: I wanted to ask you a little bit about the trends and how these things are evolving in the next decade and beyond that. And one example you gave me earlier when we talked was pilots and jetliners because manufacturing in...well, the aviation industry is an example of an industry that, yes, it has an enormous amount of high tech. It's a very advanced science-based development that has produced air travel. But yet these pilots...and I experienced it this summer, a pilot strike stops everything. So the role of people changes as we move into more advanced manufacturing. But people don't always disappear. What do you see as the biggest challenge of manufacturing and the role of manufacturing in the emerging society? What is going to happen here? MICHEL: What I think is going to happen is that in many countries, the manufacturing sector will remain a large part of the economy, but as economies advance, it will have a shrinking share of the labor market. So it's a distant future, maybe like that of agriculture, where 2% of the population does the work necessary to feed everybody else. And manufacturing is now about 10% of GDP in the U.S., 20% in Germany and Japan, about 10% in England, France, Italy. In China, we don't really know because they don't separate manufacturing from industry. And industry is a broader category that includes mining, and it includes road construction, et cetera. They don't separate out manufacturing, but really, it's a big sector of the economy. And so it can remain a big sector, that's not a problem. But you have to think through a transition where the number of people that you employ doing this kind of work goes down, their level of qualifications go up, and the nature of the work they do evolves towards telling machines what to do and maintaining machines. So telling machines what to do can be programming machines when you develop processes, or it can be scheduling what work the machines do. TROND: Is that incidentally why you have gone into teaching in a kind of an academic setting or at least influencing curriculum in an academic setting so much that you see a role here in the future? Beyond what's happening in factories today, you're quite concerned about what might happen in factories ten years from now, 20 years from now when these students become, I guess, managers, right? Because that's what happens if you get education in management at a good school, reading your hopefully great textbook. It takes a little time because you trickle down and become a manager and a leader in industry. So I guess my question then is, what is it that you want these people to know ten years from now when they become leaders? What sort of manufacturing processes should they foster? It is something where humans still matter for sure, and machines will have a bigger part of it. But there's things we need to do differently, you think? MICHEL: The airline pilot metaphor, you know, you have this $300 million piece of equipment. And how much money you make from operating it depends on these two people who are in the pilot's cabin. You have to pay attention to the work of people. And in most factories, the work of people today is an afterthought. So you put in machines. You put in production lines without thinking how will people get from the entrance of the building to where they actually work? TROND: I was going to say it's a fascinating example you had with the airline industry in the sense that, I mean, honestly, even in the old industrial revolution, these machines were expensive, but I guess even more so. I don't know if you've done any research on this, but the amount of dollars invested per worker presumably has to go up in this future you are talking about here where we're increasingly monitoring machines, even these perhaps in the past viewed as low-skilled jobs or operator jobs. I mean, you are operating, maybe not airplanes, but you're operating industrial 3D printers that cost hundreds of thousands of dollars with presuming error rates that could be catastrophic, either for you, for the production line, or for the product you're making. MICHEL: Or photolithography machines that cost millions. TROND: Right. But then that begs the question for me, Michel, how on earth is it possible? If you are right about this that education has been somewhat neglected and skills has been neglected, how's that even explainable? If you are a responsible factory manager or executive of a large manufacturing firm, how could it have gotten...and I'm obviously paraphrasing here. I don't know if you think it's that bad. But how could it get this bad that you actually had to come out and say it's a massive problem? MICHEL: What happens is that you hear a lot about systems thinking, which, to me, it's pretty obvious there's more to a factory or more to a manufacturing system, to supply chain than the collection of its components; it's pretty obvious. And when you change the way a supplier delivers parts, it has an impact over what happens at the assembly workstations where these components are being used, for example. You have to think of the whole as a system. And you have to think about whenever you make any changes to it; you have to think through how these changes affect the whole. What's happening is that there has been a great deal of specialization of skills; I'm not talking about factory workers here. I'm talking about engineers and managers that have been put into silos where they run production control. They become production control manager in the factory. Their next career move is to become production control manager in the factory of a different company. TROND: So here's my open-ended question to you; you're sort of saying that industrial engineering, in one sense, needs to go back to its roots where it was. But the other side of the coin here is you're also talking about a world that's changing drastically. So my question is, the industrial engineer of the future, what kind of a person is this ideally, and what sort of skill sets and what sort of awareness does this person have? MICHEL: The skill sets that this person should have are both technical and managerial. It's management and technology considered together. So they may not be able to write code, or they may not be able to design how to cut a piece of metal, or how to tweak the electrical properties of a circuit, but they know the importance of these things. They've been exposed to them through their education and career. And they have an appreciation for what they are. So, for example, one particular task that has to be done in every manufacturing organization is technical data management. You have to manage the problem definition, the process definitions, which machines you use to do what, down to the process program that these machines run. All of this is data, technical data that has to be managed, put under revision control. And you'd expect someone with training in industrial engineering to understand the importance of revision control on this. If you change something to the cutting program of a milling machine, you may affect what happens elsewhere. You may affect the mechanical properties of the product and make it difficult to do a subsequent operation later. And that's why before you implement this change in production, you have to have a vetting process that results in revision management. So I would expect an industrial engineer to understand that. TROND: Well, you would expect an industrial engineer to understand that, but, I mean, some of the challenges that come from these observations that you're making here they impact all operators, not just engineers. And they certainly impact managers because they are about this whole system that you are explaining. So it sounds to me that you're mounting a pretty significant challenge to the future manufacturers, not just in skills development but in evolving the entire industrial system. Because if we're going to make this wonderful spacecraft, and solve the environmental crisis, and build these new, wonderful machines that everybody expects that are going to come churning out every decade, we certainly need an upskilled workforce, but we need a whole system that works differently, don't we? MICHEL: Yes. Can I give you a couple of examples? TROND: Yeah. MICHEL: One company outsourced the production of a particular component to a supplier then there were technical problems with actually producing this component with the supplier. So the customer company sent a couple of engineers to the supplier, and they found some problems with the drawing that had been provided to the supplier. And they made manual corrections to the drawings, the copies of the drawing in possession of the supplier. And it worked. It solved the immediate problem. But then, at the customer company, they didn't have the exact drawing. The only place with the exact drawings was at the suppliers. And a few years later, they wanted to terminate this supplier. TROND: Aha. MICHEL: You can see the situation. You want people to be able to understand that you just don't do that sort of thing. TROND: Right. So there are so many kinds of multiple dependencies that start to develop in a manufacturing production line, yeah. MICHEL: And then you find a company that's a subcontractor to the aircraft industry. And you find out they route parts through a process that has about 15 different operations. And the way they route these parts is they print a traveler that is 50 pages long, and it's on paper. And the measurements they make on the parts that they're required to make by their customer they actually record by hand on this paper. What's wrong with this picture? TROND: So yeah, multiple challenges here. MICHEL: Yes. TROND: Are you sensing that these things are fixable? Are you optimistic in terms of this awareness of all aspects of the systems changing both among managers and next-generation industrial engineers, and perhaps even among the operators themselves to realize they're getting a more and more central role in the production system? MICHEL: I won't try to prophesy what will happen to industry as a whole but what I'm confident about is that the companies that know how to address these problems will be dominant. Those are the sort of basic mistakes that really hurt you and hurt your competitive position. So there will be a selection over time that will eliminate people who do these kinds of mistakes. TROND: Michel, I don't want to put you on the spot here. And you have spent your career researching and tracking Toyota as an excellent, excellent manufacturer that has graciously taught other manufacturers a lot. And also, people have copied and tried to teach them Toyota methods, even if Toyota wasn't trying to teach everyone. Are there any other either individual companies or things that you would point to for the eager learner who is trying to stay on top of these things? I mean, so lean, obviously, and the Toyota Production System is still a reference point. But are there any other sources that in your career or as you're looking at the future where there is something to learn here? MICHEL: Oh yes. Toyota is a great source of information, but it's by far...it's not the only one. One of the key parts of Toyota's management system is Hoshin Planning. Hoshin Planning didn't come from Toyota; it came from Bridgestone tires. And so that's one case where a different company came up with a particular method. Honda is a remarkable company as well, so there are things to learn from Honda. HP was, under the leadership of its founders, a remarkable company. And they had their own way of doing things which they called The HP Way. Companies have recruited a lot of people...electronic companies have recruited a lot of people out of HP. And you feel when you meet the old timers who have experienced The HP Way, they feel nostalgia for it. And there were a lot of good things in The HP Way. They're worth learning about. So I also believe that it's worth learning about historical examples because history is still with us in a lot of ways. The Ford Model T plant of 100 years ago was a model for a lot of things at the time. It also had some pretty serious flaws, namely, its flexibility. And you still see people putting up the modern-day equivalent of a Model T plant with new products and new technology but without thinking about the need. That particular plant may have to be converted in the not-too-distant future into making a different product. So it's always worth looking at examples from 100 years ago, even today, not for the sake of history but because, in a lot of ways, history is still with us. TROND: Well, on that note, history is still with us; I thank you for this, Michel. And I shall remember to forget the right things, right? So history is still with us, but [laughs] you got to know what to remember and what to forget. Thank you so much. MICHEL: Culture is what remains once you've forgotten everything. TROND: [laughs] On that note, Michel, thank you so much for your time here and for sharing from your remarkable journey. Thank you. MICHEL: You're welcome. TROND: You have just listened to another episode of the Augmented Podcast with host Trond Arne Undheim. The topic was Lean Manufacturing. Our guest was Michel Baudin, author, and owner of The Takt Times Group. In this conversation, we talked about how industrial engineering equals the engineering of human work and why manufacturing and industrial engineering education needs to change because it has drifted away from industrial work. And indeed, we are looking at a future where manufacturing is not going away. My takeaway is that lean manufacturing might mean many things, but industrial work has largely been a consistent practice over several hundred years, which is not necessarily a bad thing. Having said that, if we want to go about improving it, we might want to stay pretty close to the workforce and not sit in statistics labs far removed from it. Efficiency is tied to work practices, and they cannot be optimized beyond what the workforce can handle or want to deal with. As we attempt to be lean, whatever we mean by that, we need to remember that work is a thoroughly human endeavor. Thanks for listening. If you liked the show, subscribe at augmentedpodcast.co or in your preferred podcast player, and rate us with five stars. If you liked this episode, you might also like Episode 84 on The Evolution of Lean with Professor Torbjørn Netland from ETH Zürich. Hopefully, you'll find something awesome in these or in other episodes, and if so, do let us know by messaging us because we would love to share your thoughts with other listeners. The Augmented Podcast is created in association with Tulip, the frontline operation platform connecting people, machines, devices, and systems used in a production or logistics process in a physical location. Tulip is democratizing technology and empowering those closest to operations to solve problems. Tulip is also hiring, and you can find Tulip at tulip.co. Please share this show with colleagues who care about where industry and especially where industrial tech is heading. To find us on social media is easy; we are Augmented Pod on LinkedIn and Twitter and Augmented Podcast on Facebook and YouTube. Augmented — industrial conversations that matter. See you next time. Special Guest: Michel Baudin.

Todd B. Kashdan, Ph.D., is professor of psychology at George Mason University, and a leading authority on well-being, curiosity, courage, and resilience. He has published more than 220 scientific articles, his work has been cited more than 35,000 times, and he received the American Psychological Association's Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology. He is the author of several books, including The Art of Insubordination: How to Dissent and Defy Effectively, Curious? and The Upside of Your Dark Side, and has been translated into more than fifteen languages. His research is featured regularly in The New York Times, The Atlantic, and Time, and his writing has appeared in the Harvard Business Review, National Geographic, and other publications. He is a keynote speaker and consultant for organizations as diverse as Microsoft, Mercedes-Benz, Prudential, General Mills, The United States Department of Defense, and World Bank Group. “That's the challenging part. And I think part of what I'm trying to do to educate the public about this: Part of being persuasive is acknowledging the two-sided message of trying to talk about climate change. So everyone talks about the benefits, and no one talks about the costs. You have to acknowledge short-term sacrifices, financially, socially, and then value-wise. If you've identified with a group where the origin of the Fords, you know, Ford Model T cars, and if you're really a big car aficionado, and you like Mustangs and BMWs and Lamborghinis...is that this requires a deviation from an affinity that you identify with. People who are social activists about climate change, they do not acknowledge that there are psychological costs and social costs for individuals that haven't had the buy-in yet. And because of that, their critics can pounce on them immediately and say, 'I have too many pleasures and I have an intact family that is functioning well, and my company is doing well. So why would I risk any of that for this 10, 20-year message that you're giving me?' So the two-sided message is effective if you have the confidence that you can talk about the logistics and the economics that are involved with these issues."https://toddkashdan.comwww.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/690674/the-art-of-insubordination-by-todd-b-kashdan-phd/www.creativeprocess.infowww.oneplanetpodcast.orgInstagram @creativeprocesspodcast

“That's the challenging part. And I think part of what I'm trying to do to educate the public about this: Part of being persuasive is acknowledging the two-sided message of trying to talk about climate change. So everyone talks about the benefits, and no one talks about the costs. You have to acknowledge short-term sacrifices, financially, socially, and then value-wise. If you've identified with a group where the origin of the Fords, you know, Ford Model T cars, and if you're really a big car aficionado, and you like Mustangs and BMWs and Lamborghinis...is that this requires a deviation from an affinity that you identify with. People who are social activists about climate change, they do not acknowledge that there are psychological costs and social costs for individuals that haven't had the buy-in yet. And because of that, their critics can pounce on them immediately and say, 'I have too many pleasures and I have an intact family that is functioning well, and my company is doing well. So why would I risk any of that for this 10, 20-year message that you're giving me?' So the two-sided message is effective if you have the confidence that you can talk about the logistics and the economics that are involved with these issues."Todd B. Kashdan, Ph.D., is professor of psychology at George Mason University, and a leading authority on well-being, curiosity, courage, and resilience. He has published more than 220 scientific articles, his work has been cited more than 35,000 times, and he received the American Psychological Association's Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology. He is the author of several books, including The Art of Insubordination: How to Dissent and Defy Effectively, Curious? and The Upside of Your Dark Side, and has been translated into more than fifteen languages. His research is featured regularly in The New York Times, The Atlantic, and Time, and his writing has appeared in the Harvard Business Review, National Geographic, and other publications. He is a keynote speaker and consultant for organizations as diverse as Microsoft, Mercedes-Benz, Prudential, General Mills, The United States Department of Defense, and World Bank Group. https://toddkashdan.comwww.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/690674/the-art-of-insubordination-by-todd-b-kashdan-phd/www.creativeprocess.infowww.oneplanetpodcast.orgInstagram @creativeprocesspodcast

RIP free speech, slacking from home and videos classified + this day in history w/the first Ford Model T and our song of the day by Tyson James x Bryson Gray on your Morning Monarchy for September 27, 2022.

Welcome fellow adventurers! This week the guys are talking about being too busy, and how that can often times take our minds off of God.  The clips are from "Alice In Wonderland," a clip about Ford Model T's, and a clip about the enemy of busy. The journey continues, so grab your gear and be blessed, right here on the Masculine Journey Radio Show. Be sure to check out our other podcasts, Masculine Journey After Hours and Masculine Journey Joyride.    

Canada's population of seniors is growing according to new census data; Russia and the U.S. carry out a prisoner swap amid escalating tensions between the two countries; and, a replica of a Canadian car that predates the Ford Model T is unveiled. 

Welcome to our first-ever solocast! And who better to focus on for our first installment, than the legendary manufacturing innovator, Henry Ford. Henry Ford's impact on manufacturing is well documented, from mastering the moving assembly line to perfecting vertical integration in America, and his legacy is visible all around us. In today's episode, we discuss not only hisachievements in manufacturing but also how his empathy and social conscience informed hisdecision-making. Tuning in you'll learn about his early life in Dearborn Michigan, his move toDetroit at the tender age of sixteen, and the eventual founding of the Ford Motor Company.Hear how Ford's obsession with efficiency led to incredible innovations that would take theproduction time of a Ford Model T from a standard twelve hours to a staggering ninety-threeminutes per car! We also discuss Ford's immense investment in a massive historical outdoorvillage in Dearborn Michigan, where he used his wealth to acquire historically significant items from around the country. Ford had a huge impact on American and global manufacturing, but he also ushered in crucial changes in working conditions for thousands of Americans, the results of which we can still see today. We appreciate everything that Ford contributed to our society and it's a pleasure to feature him on our very first solocast!

On this week's Driving-N-Heels podcast Laura Reynolds talks directly to General Motors Senior manager of sustain-able energy and vice chair of the Renewable Energy Buyers Alliance Rob Threlkeld says GM and partner Shell offer renewable energy charging hours for EVs. Then she speaks with Ford Archives and Heritage Brand Manager Ted Ryan talks about how the Maverick's starting price compares to the original Ford Model T price.

There's a new book out: "Car Wars Down Under". The subtitle is “The untold story of Australia's first land speed record”, written by Murray Hubbard. I wondered if it was a story for the mechanically minded, car enthusiast: A lone back yard mechanic with an inventive approach involving carburettors and camshafts. As it turns out it is a rollicking yarn involving hardcore business, invective marketing, ambition, a high-risk approach to communication, the occasional rouge character, and intense competition. Set around the time of the first world war which alone produced some unexpected situations. Like a good biography is not just a list of the fine details of one person's life. It's about the life and the times of people and an event. This should not surprise those who know Murray, who is a motoring journalist but, among other things, was a three-time finalist for investigative reporting in the Walkley Awards. And he wrote the manuscript for the multi-award-winning “The Day of the Roses”, a Channel 10 miniseries and telemovie. • Why a picture in front of a pyramid is significant (1:25) • Many characters had a start in the bicycle industry – how di this help? (3:17) • The limitations of the Ford Model T (5:49) • Doctors and others benefited from the development of cars (7:20) • Alec Fraser Jewel – a character and a rogue (9:11) • The first world war brought animosity to the Germans but also the Americans! (11:10) • Why one major player started a car magazine which could have become cheap advertising favouring his product but ended up being a great ambassador for improving conditions for vehicles (16:46) • Car events and the Hamilton Hill Climb • Fred Eager – Heir apparent to a big business but also becoming their top driver and why the opposition had to establish a race for the land speed record (32:47) • The vehicles – great speeds across the sand where aerodynamics may have made the difference (37:12) • A few other characters – Professor Starlight and Peter Jackson (45:37)

The Trailblazers conversations begin this week with the brilliant, fearless Sandra Brown—aka Erin St. Clair and Rachel Ryan. We talk about everything from her first books, acquired by Vivian Stephens for Candlelight Ecstasy, about how Slow Heat in Heaven was her personal game changer, about the beginnings of romantic suspense, and about what makes a Sandra Brown novel, the most recent of which, Blind Tiger, was released last month.Thank you to Sandra Brown for taking the time to talk to us, and share her story. We've got an interstitial episode coming your way next week, but our first read along (in two weeks) is Amanda Quick's Ravished—which Sarah describes as “Harriet, in a cave, with a rake.” It's great. Get reading at: Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Apple Books, Kobo, or at your local indie. You have two weeks to read, but in the meantime, sit back, relax, and let us give you a preview of what's to come! Don't forget to like and follow in your favorite podcasting platform!Show NotesWelcome to our first trailblazer, romance legend Sandra Brown. Her latest release is Blind Tiger, which was her 73rd book on the New York Times bestseller list. Blind Tiger is a thriller set in Texas during the 1920s.Prohibition went into effect on January 1, 1920. In Texas, the town of Glen Rose was the Moonshine Capital of Texas.The Ford Model T was the first mass produced American car. Here's a video of the actual driving experience of the 1915 model. If you'd like to see a bunch of Model Ts in the same place, you can visit the winter home of Thomas Edison in Fort Myers, Florida. Henry Ford visited so often that he eventually bought the home next door. Prohibition and moonshining gave birth to NASCAR.Sandra's first books were bought by Vivian Stephens for Candlelight Ecstasy under the pen name Rachel Ryan. She wrote for Silhouette under the name Erin St. Clair, and for Pocket as Laura Jordan. Carolyn Nichols at Loveswept wanted authors to use their real names, and now all of Sandra's books have been rereleased under her own name.Sandra appeared on the cover of one of her own Loveswepts, The Rana Look, with actor Mclean Stevenson. Some of the romance authors Sandra mentioned: Paris Afton Bonds, Candace Camp, Mary Lynn Baxer, Nora Roberts, Jayne Ann Krentz, Barbara Delinksy. Some of the thriller/mystery writers Sandra mentioned: Helen MacInnes, Evelyn Anthony, Gayle Lynds, David Morrell, and Lee Child.

In Travel Notes Episode 6, I sit down with my good friend and local musician - Gino Castillo to explore Afro Cuban Music. We talk about its' roots, role in the community and how shares similarities with other African influenced musical genres across the Americas. We dive into some of Cuba's other musical genres as well and listen to Afro Cuban jazz group Irakere, Buena Vista Social Club singer Ibrahim Ferrer and a two of Gino's original compositions. By the end of the show, you'll be ready to hop in a Ford Model T and hit the streets of Havana! I hope you enjoy

Episode 23 starts with a look back at one of Cape Cod's most iconic restaurants: Mildred's Chowder House.  In the shadow of the Barnstable Airport this legend spent decades delivering classic clam chowder to locals and visitors alike.  It is still looked back upon fondly more than 20 years after it closed.This episode's Road Trip is a journey to one of the most beautiful towns in New England.  The classic seaside town of Narragansett, Rhode Island has something for everyone.  From pristine beaches, spectacular old homes, a lighthouse, and even an eating establishment featured on nationwide television.We'll go Back In the Day as I relive some sweet, innocent, and definitely embarrassing moments of my first crushes.  I stick to the 1980's meaning I was 12 and younger.  These stories are laugh out loud funny and shake your head cringe-worthy.This Week In History features the first Memorial Day, the end of the Ford Model T, and more including a new Time Capsule from a very special birthday!Also be sure to check out my livestreams called Without A Map Friday's at 8pm on Instagram which serve as a sort of postgame show for the podcast. Find them on IGTV and YouTube after they've finished.Helpful Links from this EpisodePurchase Iconic Hotels and Motels of Cape CodWear Your WishDJ Williams MusicLemonadio.comNarragansett Chamber of CommerceCleat and AnchorChristopher Setterlund's YouTube ChannelIn My Footsteps Podcast BlogChristopher Setterlund.comListen to Episode 22 here.Support the show (https://www.buymeacoffee.com/InMyFootste)

This week, we address some of the comments posted online about our experiment to see if a Tesla would drive with no one in the driver's seat. We also share our test results of the 2021 Toyota Highlander Hybrid, discuss the scarcity of the Kia Telluride, if owners are able to replace LED daytime running lights on their own, a smart maintenance schedule for a car driven 4 miles a day in an urban environment, and why new cars aren't as inexpensive as the Ford Model T was in the 1920s.   ----------------------------------- Have a question for our experts? Leave a comment on this episode, or reach out to us directly!   From your iOS device, iMessage us at TalkingCars@icloud.com to send a photo, video, or text directly to the Talking Cars team!   We love to feature our viewers on the show, so submit video questions at https://www.consumerreports.org/cars-talking-cars/   Subscribe to Talking Cars on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4Jr8wJRJyN9v8T6LC1fQQ6     SHOW NOTES ----------------------------------- 00:00 - Introduction 00:34 - We Answer Questions About Our Recent Tesla Coverage 15:11 - 2021 Toyota Highlander Hybrid Test Results 22:55 - Question #1: How can I buy a Kia Telluride when they are no where to be found? 28:41 - Question #2: Why new cars aren't as inexpensive as the Ford Model T was in the 1920s? 33:09 - Question #3: When the LEDs burn out on a DRL, does the whole headlight assembly need to be replaced? 35:58 - Question #4: Which vehicle maintenance schedule is more important to follow: miles driven, or months elapsed? 38:17 - Question #5: Do hybrid vehicles have a CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission), and how does it work?     ----------------------------------  We Drove a Tesla with No One in the Driver's Seat. That's Not a Good Thing. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovc2axLmzIw   CR Engineers Show a Tesla Will Drive With No One in the Driver's Seat https://www.consumerreports.org/autonomous-driving/cr-engineers-show-tesla-will-drive-with-no-one-in-drivers-seat/   Fatal ‘Driverless' Tesla Crash Raises Questions About Company's Autopilot System https://www.consumerreports.org/car-safety/fatal-driverless-tesla-crash-raises-questions-about-companys-autopilot-system/   2021 Toyota Highlander https://www.consumerreports.org/cars/toyota/highlander/2021/overview/   2020 Kia Telluride Quick Drive https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBNhy1Putrs   2018 LA Auto Show: 2020 Hyundai Palisade https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uFbbBDcCYYg   First Drive: Not All Changes on the Redesigned 2021 Kia Sorento Are Improvements https://www.consumerreports.org/suvs/2021-kia-sorento-review/   Guide to Car Safety https://www.consumerreports.org/cars-guide-to-car-safety/   Coronavirus Resource Hub https://www.consumerreports.org/coronavirus/coronavirus-covid-19-updates/       ----------------------------------- Check out http://www.ConsumerReports.org for the latest reviews, tips, and recommendations and subscribe to our YouTube Channel: http://bit.ly/1Nlb1Ez    Follow Us on Social: Facebook: http://on.fb.me/1IQ2w5q Twitter: http://bit.ly/1Yf5Fh2 Pinterest: http://bit.ly/1P37mM9 Instagram: http://bit.ly/1I49Bzo Google+: http://bit.ly/1Md3gfQ

Jerry is joined by IBM Distinguished Engineer and Lead Architect of the IBM Automation Foundation, Pratik Gupta. They discuss what automation is made of and how the blueprint of automation can be broken down into "Discover, Decide, Act, and Optimize." Pratik shares an example of how automation has evolved in manufacturing cars, from the Ford Model T to the Tesla Model Y. He ties this back to enterprise automation with a use case from the information technology space, where decisions are constantly being made, for hundreds of thousands of people, automatically - or as Pratik puts it - "Planet-Scale AI-Powered Automation."  Art by Caroline Scholer and Jerry Cuomo.

        Over 300,000 CoVid19 related deaths, in addition to the other deaths, cancer, auto accidents, flu, heart problems, we're here in December 2020 – do you appreciate life and living yet?  Not saying you didn't before, but do you see how far we've come since the Wright Brothers in flying?  Have you witnessed what cars can do from the FORD Model T?  So much advancement, yet here we are with Hospitals great, when it should be the other way around, shouldn't it?  Get a wake-up call – Kings In The Morning, Right Here Right Now!

        Nearly 300,000 CoVid19 related deaths, in addition to the other deaths, cancer, auto accidents, flu, heart problems, we're here in December 2020 – do you appreciate life and living yet?  Not saying you didn't before, but do you see how far we've come since the Wright Brothers in flying?  Have you witnessed what cars can do from the FORD Model T?  So much advancement, yet here we are with Hospitals great, when it should be the other way around, shouldn't it?  Get a wake-up call – Kings In The Morning, Right Here Right Now!

 The Model “T” is the official Mascot for the Kingsford Flivvers! The Ford Model “T” was also known as a “Tin Lizzie” or a “Flivver.” This episode covers the broad history of the Model “T”, it's engine, transmission, paint jobs, and some fun facts. The Model “T” is an icon in the Kingsford area, and it's history helps power the FLIVVER NATION! Model “T” Wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T   Fun Facts: https://madmikesamerica.com/2014/03/15-fun-facts-about-the-ford-model-t/   Follow us on Social Media! Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/flivverfootball/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/flivverfootball/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/FlivverF football@kingsford.org

Henry Ford convinces Americans that cars are not ridiculous!

Hello and welcome to Overdrive, a program that investigates matters to do with motoring and transport. I'm David Brown And in the program this week we look at news stories with David Campbell 1. Chairman of Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance Arrested 2. Ford plans construction on Michigan Central Depot by year's end 3. Waymo paid autonomous taxi service could launch in December 4. Government-subsidised plug-in cars may never have been charged 5. 1915 Ford Model T somehow survived the California fires 6. Skoda Aims to double sales in Australia We road test the just released BMW X5 large SUV And Errol Smith, Brian Smith and I take a lively look at some weird and wonderful news stories about cars and transport. 1. Capturing Route 66 on film before it's gone 2. Jaguar F-TYPE Rally Cars Celebrate 70 Years Of Sports Car Heritage 3. SpaceX's Starman Roadster has ventured past Mars orbit You can find more information at drivenmedia.com.au or you can podcast previous programs on I-tunes or Spotify. So, here's the news Originally broadcast 24 November 2018.

Adam Carolla and the Professor Sandy Ganz take a ride back into time with Matt Pumphrey of Owner of "Woodies and Wheels". Matt is a featured restorer of pre-war Automobiles. Matt brings in his own 1912 Ford Model T which has been converted into a pre-war racer, and finally the featured car this week is Randy's hopped up Mini-Cooper with more gadgets then the Green Hornet. Check out CarCast on the web at http://www.AceCarCast.com