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In this episode of the Teach Different podcast, Dan and Steve Fouts explore the concept of generosity through a quote by Muhammad Ali: “We can only be truly generous when we expect nothing in return.” They discuss the claim of the quote, unpacking the essence of true generosity and the motivations behind giving. They then go into the counterclaim, discussing some of the expectations that often accompany acts of kindness. The conversation ends with some thought provoking questions for your consideration. Image Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Muhammad_Ali_1966.jpg 

Episode Description: In this episode of the Teach Different Podcast, hosts Dan and Steve Fouts explore a profound quote by Henry Ford: “If everyone is moving forward together, then success takes care of itself.” Special guest Michelle Epperson, a corporate sales trainer and former student of Dan Fouts, joins the conversation. They discuss the claim of the quote, the importance of synergy, teamwork, and collective versus individual success. Followed by the counterclaim, the significance of individual talents and understanding that some people prefer to work alone. Tune in to explore the intricate dynamics of working together and the philosophical underpinnings of success in both personal and professional contexts.Image Source:https://loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3c11278/ 

In this episode I'm inviting you into this question with me: “Is It Burnout Or The Energetic Expense Of A Spiritual Breakthrough?” Now let's be clear, sometimes it really is burn-out. Sometimes, no…a lot of the times, capitalism, the patriarchal refusal to compensate care work and the lack of a state sanctioned social safety net can really bring us to our knees and leave us feeling burned out. I want to acknowledge that, but what I also want to be emphatically clear about acknowledging is sometimes it is spiritual severance, self-denial and self-negation that is at the core of our exhaustion. What creative invitations have you been resisting? Let's take a look at that and try to answer these questions together. Resources Register for 4-Part Winter Worldbuilding Workshop: https://www.seedaschool.com/program Download the Creative Offer Questionnaire to Oneself: https://www.seedaschool.com/questionnaire Subscribe to the Seeda School Substack: https://seedaschool.substack.com/ Follow Ayana on Instagram: ⁠@ayzaco⁠ Follow Seeda School on Instagram: ⁠@seedaschool Citations For the Worldbuilder's Episode 52 “Releasing the Burden of Being Complicit In Our Own Suffering” published July 4, 2024 Karen M. Rose “Happy 2025 + Capricorn New Moon” Guidance Alexis Pauline Gumbs “Live Q&A About Daily Practice” Mundane Miracles with Sonya Renee Taylor “Episode 6: Let Your Old Life Fall Away” *The Oxford Anthology of African-American Poetry* edited by Arnold Rampersad and Hilary Herbold “Poetry Is Not A Luxury” by Audre Lorde “Uses of the Erotic, The Erotic As Power” by Audre Lorde Cover Art: Mary L. Proctor's Freedom of Expression (1998) Materials: Costume jewelry, buttons, cowrie shells, paint, on wood door. Dimensions: 80 x 30.5 inches. Image Source

In this episode of the Teach Different podcast, Dan and Steve Fouts, along with guest Thandeka Malaza, a mathematician and fellow podcaster, explore Friedrich Nietzche's quote: “He who has a why can bear almost any how.” The discussion explores personal experiences, the process of finding one's purpose, and the role of community and individualism in understanding our 'why.' Thandeka also discusses her interests in social justice and the human condition, sharing insights from her blog and experiences. The conversation highlights the importance of patience, acceptance, and the impact of our values and social connections in shaping our life's purpose. Image Source:  https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nietzsche1882.jpg Gustav-Adolf Schultze (d. 1897), Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons  https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/deed.en

The tragic life of jazz goddess Billie Holiday. She experienced severe trauma as a child, and became a scapegoat in the war against drugs as an adult. Listen to her story now. Image Source: billieholiday.com; billieholidayofficial on IG Episode Sources: Lady Sings the Blues by Billie Holiday and William Dufty 2019 documentary called Billie billieholiday.com An episode of Throughline by NPR from October 7, 2020 titled The United States vs. Billie Holiday An E News article by Natalie Finn from April 23, 2021 biography.com IMDB

Last week we talked about how the journey is the dream and the destination is the practice through the metaphor of teaching and learning. I want to pick that thread back up. Just as I believe creativity is the spiritual disposition of our species, I want to argue curiosity, teaching and learning are organic to our ways of being as well. So organic the debate of nature vs. nurture has been going on for centuries now. Today, I'm less interested in teasing out the difference between the gifts we're taught and the gifts we're born with. What I'm more interested in teasing out is what happened to us and how can the lessons we learned along the way serve others? Learn More About Seeda School Register for the free Worldbuilding Workshop series and learn more about the Seed A World Retreat here Download the Creative Offer Questionnaire to Oneself here Subscribe to the Seeda School newsletter here Follow Ayana on Instagram: ⁠@ayzaco⁠ Follow Seeda School on Instagram: ⁠@seedaschool Referenced Inside the Episode The Bluest Eye (pg. 17) by Toni Morrison Pedagogy of the Oppressed by Paulo Freire White Supremacy Culture — From Dismantling Racism: A Workbook for Social Change Groups, by Kenneth Jones and Tema Okun, ChangeWork, 2001 Black Outdoors: Innovations in the Poetics of Study Series edited by J. Kameron Carter and Sarah Jane Cervenak Cover Art: Two black girls look out the window of a “Freedom School”. © Ken Thompson, United Methodist Board of Global Ministries. Image Source

In the podcast, Dan Fouts and Steve Fouts interview Sabri Raja, an entrepreneur turned investor with a rich background in education and technology. The conversation centers around a quote by Stephen Covey: "I am not a product of my circumstances. I am a product of my decisions." Sabri shares her personal journey, starting from her upbringing on a coconut farm in South India to her successful career in the U.S. She highlights the challenges she faced, such as the lack of social capital and community expectations, and how she overcame them through education and determination. Sabri recounts key moments in her life, such as pursuing an MBA while raising young children, transitioning from a stable corporate job to entrepreneurship, and eventually becoming an investor focused on supporting entrepreneurs with similar experiences. The discussion delves into the importance of personal agency and decision-making, emphasizing that while circumstances can influence one's path, individual choices play a crucial role in shaping one's destiny. Sabri also touches on the significance of support systems, sharing how her family, especially her husband, played a vital role in her journey. The conversation also explores the nuances of privilege, luck, and the interplay between circumstances and decisions, providing a balanced perspective on the quote's claim and counterclaim. Image Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/50924847@N07/4725216907/   Portal Abras https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/

When CMOs invest in growing their people, they grow their impact. And with the right coaching strategies in place, they ensure their teams not only keep pace with industry changes, but also drive innovation and set new standards. In this illuminating episode, join host Drew Neisser as he welcomes three exceptional CMOs to share their insights on nurturing high-performing teams: Michelle Boockoff-Bajdek of IDG (previously CMO of Skillsoft)  Katie McAdams of Basis Technologies  Marni Carmichael of Image Source, Inc.  Discover how these leaders foster a culture of continuous learning, provide meaningful feedback, and adapt to the challenges of remote work. From creating individualized career paths to measuring employee satisfaction, our guests reveal their strategies for unlocking team potential and driving innovation. Key topics include: Building a feedback-rich environment  Balancing hard skills with essential 'power skills'  Adapting coaching methods for the hybrid workplace  Incorporating learning and development into recruiting strategies  Measuring the impact of talent development initiatives By championing continuous improvement, CMOs lay the groundwork for dynamic and forward-thinking teams. Tune in for a masterclass in talent development from some of B2B marketing's brightest minds!   For full show notes and transcripts, visit https://renegade.com/podcasts/ To learn more about CMO Huddles, visit https://cmohuddles.com/

Shelley Stewart of Red Promotions (asi/590025), Paul Cosaro of Picnic Time (asi/78065) and Brian Haner of Image Source (asi/230121) join Promo Insiders to discuss the ideas and strategies that helped place their companies on the Counselor 2024 Best Places to Work list.

Surprise!! We're back with one last little episode before the new year starts. It's become a yearly tradition for Jared to spring a “Name That Tune” challenge on Marcus with absolutely no warning! Will you best him at it? Let us know! Image Source: https://www.polygon.com/23648669/best-video-games-2023 We'll be taking a break for a while, but if you have indie recommendations, or just want to reach out, feel free to contact us at LevelWithUsPodcast [at] gmail [dot] com! We are on all major podcasting platforms: https://anchor.fm/levelwithus Timestamps: 0:00 - Introduction 0:41 - The Rules 1:37 - Song #1 4:10 - Song #2 6:57 - Song #3 8:09 - Song #4 9:19 - Song #5 11:00 - Song #6 11:49 - Song #7 13:37 - Song #8 15:23 - Song #9 17:01 - Song #10 19:55 - Song #11 21:04 - Song #12 21:56 - Song #13 22:50 - Song #14 24:24 - Song #15 26:10 - Song #16 27:27 - Song #16 28:01 - Song #16 32:16 - Final Recap 33:17 - Bonus Scene

Vatican bio of Cardinal Nzapalainga: https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_nzapalainga_d.html  Religions for Peace bio of Cardinal Nzapalainga: https://www.rfp.org/leadership_member/h-e-cardinal-dieudonne-nzapalainga/  Video on Cardinal Nzapalainga and his book, "My Fight for Peace": https://youtu.be/30XeFoPzJaE Cardinal Nzapalainga on FIU's cardinals site: https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios2016.htm#Nzapalainga  Cardinal Nzapalainga on Catholic-Hierarchy.org: https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bnzap.html       Cardinal Nzapalainga on Gcatholic.org: http://www.gcatholic.org/p/26204       See of Bangui on Gcatholic.org: http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/bang2.htm?tab=info  See of Bangui on Catholic-Hierarchy.org: https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dbngu.html     IMAGE SOURCE: https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_nzapalainga_d.html 

Jill is reaching the end of her tether with her to-do lists however, there is one remedy that somehow magically appears whenever they get out of hand! ................. Image Source: https://www.papertraildesign.com .................. This podcast is for information purposes only and represents the views and opinions of the speakers. Always use your own discernment in relation to anything discussed. Any information presented relating to any aspect of health & well being is for information purposes only and is not meant to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease. We recommend you seek the advice of a healthcare practitioner before beginning any natural, complimentary, or conventional treatment.

“There is no separation of mind and emotions: emotions, thinking and learning are all linked.” Eric Jensen[i] But what about our feelings? What's the difference between our emotions and feelings? Have you ever thought about this? And with that introduction, I want to welcome you back to Season 9 of The Neuroscience Meets Social and Emotional Learning Podcast, where we cover the science-based evidence behind social and emotional learning (for schools) and emotional intelligence training (in the workplace) with tools, ideas and strategies that we can all use for immediate results, with our brain in mind.  I'm Andrea Samadi, an author, and an educator with a passion for learning and launched this podcast to share how the understanding of our complex brain transfers into our everyday life and results. Each concept we cover here I'm hoping will help you, wherever you might be listening to this podcast in the world, just as much as these ideas are helping me personally and professionally. In keeping with our Season theme of “Going Back to the Basics” we look back to EP #127 on “How Emotions Impact Learning, Memory and the Brain.”[ii] It was on this episode, exactly 2 years ago where we first looked at the impact of our emotions on our daily life with the work of neuroscientist Mary Helen Immordino Yang from the University of Southern California. We first met Mary Helen on our 100th EPISODE[iii] and she shared with us that “it is literally neurologically impossible to build memories, engage complex thoughts, or make meaningful decision without emotion.” She further explained that “30 years ago, we had no idea that one could study human emotions that emerge slowly over time—such as admiration and awe—and compare them psychologically and neurobiologically with emotions that emerge more quickly like surprise or fear.” (page 80. Emotions, Learning and the Brain). Before writing this episode, I had to stop, and think deeply about something I've often quoted. I learned this back in my days working in the speaking industry (in the late 1990s) to be careful what you think about because “it's our thoughts that determine our feelings, that cause us to take certain actions that in turn cause our conditions, circumstances and our environment.”  If we are going to look at our emotions today, we need to understand the difference between our emotions, our feelings, and the actions that we end up taking because of them. Let's Start with How Emotions Are Different Than Feelings. I found a clear explanation of “Emotions vs Feelings”[iv] from Dr. David Matsumoto, the founder of Humintell, who explains that emotions “are quick reactions to certain events that may impact our survival. They are unconscious, immediate, involuntary, automatic reactions to things that are important to us” which is right in line with what we learned from Jaak Panksepp's 7 primal emotions that he mapped out in our brain, and taught us they aren't something that we can control. They are automatic responses.  Dr. Matsumoto further explains that “these reactions include cognitive and physiological changes that help prime our body in a certain way and create sensations in us that we can perceive” which he calls feelings. You can see a diagram of these differences in the show notes that outlines emotions as “quick reactions to certain events that are automatic and unconscious” and feelings “are perceptions in the body that aren't necessarily related to the emotion.”[v] IMAGE SOURCE www.humintell.com Dr. David Matsumoto Since I'm always looking to connect the most current neuroscience research to improve our best practices, I wonder what can I add to this understanding of our feelings vs our emotions, to see if we can gain a deeper self-awareness into why we feel the way we do, and what this might mean for us, individually, in pursuit of our goals. Or to put this simply, what should we all understand about our emotions, our feelings, and how they translate into our life, and results. On today's episode #287 we will explore: What are our emotions. How are our emotions different from our feelings? The debate about emotions in neuroscientific circles looking at Paul Ekman[vi], Carroll Izard[vii], Jaak Panksepp[viii] and Robert Levenson's[ix] Theory of Emotions Using Brain Network Theory to Understand Our Emotions from an early EPISODE #48[x]. Other tools, ideas and strategies available to help us to understand our emotions, and feelings. Examine: How this understanding can help us take better control of our emotions and feelings, to change the actions that we will take, (so we can stay in better control in difficult situations) thus changing our conditions, circumstances and environment (or our results). 3 STEPS for applying this understanding of our emotions and feelings into our daily life. What Are Our Emotions? We've talked about our emotions with our recent episode with Lucy Biven from EP #270[xi] and Gabrielle Usatynski from EP #282[xii] who both dove deep into the work of Jaak Panksepp who mapped out 7 neurological circuits found in all mammals, and then we made the connection with our emotions and our childhood with an understanding of Bowlby and Ainsworth's Attachment Theory[xiii]. While I do think we've covered Panksepp's work thoroughly, who's to say his ideas are correct when philosophers, psychologists, and scientists have been arguing and disagreeing with each other for several thousands of years on this topic. I had to go back to my notes from the neuroscience certification course I took with Mark Waldman, where he taught us that “even today the debate continues in neuroscientific circles. Paul Ekman[xiv], that you might know as the deception detection expert, or co-discoverer of the micro expression, and the inspiration behind the TV series, Lie to Me[xv], showed evidence that there are 6 universal emotions (fear, anger, joy, sadness, disgust, and surprise). Ekman demonstrated how emotions can all be seen in a person's brief facial expression, and we covered this fascinating topic on EPISODE #163 with Dan Hill, “The Faces Guy” on “How to read the Emotions in Others”[xvi] but Jaak Panksepp labelled some of Ekman's universal emotions as secondary emotions, calling them feelings. Before I get bogged down in terminology, deciphering these arguments, and lost reading this research paper I found on Four Models of Basic Emotions[xvii] I thought an easy way to simplify this concept is to put an image in the show notes that explains the similarities between four models of emotions and make up our own minds with which theory of emotion we resonate with the most. While one will disagree with each another, “all four list a positive emotion labelled happiness (Ekman and Cordaro; Izard), enjoyment (Levenson) or Play (Panksepp and Watt) and three distinct negative emotions, sadness (labeled grief by Panksepp and Watt), fear, (they all agreed on this label) and anger.”[xviii] Putting Our Emotions into Action If we want to understand our emotions, we can now begin by thinking about how everyone will respond to these emotions in a different way, since we've all had different experiences from childhood and beyond. (Keeping Attachment Theory in mind). Suppose we were walking through a forest and something jumps out from behind a tree and we instinctively jump (the core emotion of fear that all 4 models agreed with). Then we see it's a harmless dog, wagging his tail and wanting to play with us. Each person will process this situation in an entirely different way. One person will laugh, another will reach out to play with the dog, while another person will remain upset about the scare for the rest of the night. Everyone will have a different feeling (which is another model we will cover another time, a theory of emotion from neuroscientist Lisa Feldman Barrett)[xix]  who says that our feelings change as we think about our past experiences, (maybe we saw that dog this morning and we quickly realize he's harmless). Also, each person will nonverbally express their feelings through their facial expressions, allowing others to “read” what they felt with the experience. (Ekman's work).  Finally, if we can regulate the reaction that we had, and take it a step further and recognize the emotions in the person next to us, we are demonstrating Robert Levenson's Theory[xx], that focuses on the fact that our emotions either improve with age, or they decline, like we see with neurodegenerative diseases. IMAGE SOURCE: Four Models of Basic Emotions: A Review of Ekman and Cordaro, Izard, Levenson, and Panksepp and Watt Published by Jessica Tracy and Daniel Randles October 2011 https://ubc-emotionlab.ca/wp-content/files_mf/emotionreview2011tracyandrandles.pdf How can understanding our emotions and feelings help us? Mark Waldman's Brain Network Theory for Overcoming Our Fears While analyzing this situation of walking through a forest, neuroscience researcher Mark Waldman would say that “while the emotional experience often lasts for a few seconds, some people might ruminate on the negative feelings that came with this experience, to the point that they are diagnosed with depression or an anxiety disorder.”[xxi]  This was the person who remained upset about the scare for the rest of the night. He explains that understanding brain network theory model comes in handy here because he says that “feelings are nothing more than a combination of our imagination mixed with past memories.” Knowing that feelings are not real makes it easier to shift our attention away from the feeling (whatever it might be-fear, anxiety or whatever) and return to being more engaged in the present moment” where he suggests to focus on the positive emotional experiences that are also in our life. Waldman explains that this is the neuroscience of transforming emotions into feelings and feelings into valuable insights, and it has the power to transform our current models of psychotherapy and healing. You can review this powerful concept of Brain Network Theory all the way back on EP #48[xxii] with tips on using this model to increase positivity, reduce stress and anxiety and increase our work productivity and results by learning to consciously shift between your imagination, (DMN) awareness (Salience Network) and thinking (CEN). IMAGE SOURCE: Mark Robert Waldman REVIEW AND CONCLUSION To conclude and review this episode on a deeper dive into “Using Neuroscience to Understand our Feelings and Emotions” here are three concepts to help us to put these ideas into action in our daily life.   REMEMBER: OUR EMOTIONS ARE AUTOMATIC HARDWIRED NEURAL RESPONSES THAT WE CAN'T CONTROL: And many philosophers, psychologists, and scientists have been arguing and disagreeing with each other for several thousands of years on this topic. Some argue where they originate, and the terminology, but we found 4 researchers who could agree on one positive emotion (happiness) and three negative emotions of sadness, fear and anger. But don't forget that while “we cannot control what emotions or circumstances we will experience next, we can choose how we will respond to them.” Gary Zukav PUT THIS INTO ACTION: The next time you feel an emotion, notice what it is. See if you can take this understanding and apply it to learn more about yourself. What makes you happy? Do you savor happy moments? What about the negative emotions? Do you have a strategy to overcome your fears, sadness or anger? Or a way to feel them, and not respond to them? YOU CAN TRAIN YOU BRAIN TO RECOGNIZE AND OVERCOME FEAR: This example is a bit close to the heart as it just happened, but it's a good example of why recognizing and overcoming fear is important, so I'm going to include my recent experience here. This week I was waiting for my oldest daughter to finish her gymnastics practice. Both my girls train most nights, and I pick them up at the end of the night. The other night I was waiting in the car, and I could see the coach coming outside to speak to me, and this coach wouldn't be coming outside after a long night to chit chat. I knew something was up the minute I saw him walking to my car. Then it hit me. FEAR. I felt it because I had left my desk writing this episode to pick her up, and here I was with my heart racing, as I wondered “what happened” and wanted the coach to spit it out quickly. I couldn't see her behind him, so now I'm wondering “can she walk, is she bleeding, does she have broken bones?” trying to figure out in my head what the situation was. Then I noticed the feelings come into play. The stomach drops, next, the physical sensation of feeling sick as my imagination went back to all the other injuries we see often, and boy our minds can take us on a trip if we don't learn to focus, think and stay in the present moment, or use the understanding of Brain Network Theory to STOP our Default Mode (Imagination) Network and switch it to our Central Executive Network to stop those ruminating thoughts from taking over our mind. This is all happening in seconds, but when it's happening, it feels like a long time. I finally snapped out of it, and asked questions that brought my thinking (CEN) brain back on track like “what happened, where did it happen, and how does she seem to you?” and the fear started to go off into a corner as soon as I figured out that her coach thought she might have a concussion. Did you know that the opposite of fear is understanding? When we understand something, the fear goes away because the thinking brain allows you to take the action needed to resolve your situation. Life experiences like this will happen and it's crucial to be able to focus and think clearly, and to move from fear to understanding. Can you think of something that happened to YOU this week where one of your emotions took over YOUR mind? Where do certain theories of emotion become evident? With my example, I could feel the fear (all 4 theories), I could also “read” the emotion in the coach's face (Ekman and Levenson), and even more specifically could see the pain on my daughters face that helped me to take certain actions while under stress. USING BRAIN NETWORK THEORY TO BYPASS OUR FEARS by shifting our attention away from the feeling or emotion we are experiencing (whatever it might be-fear, anxiety or whatever) and return to being more engaged in the present moment” and focus on the positive emotional experiences that are also in our life. We have the Default Mode Network, (imagination processes like daydreaming, creative problem solving, and mind wandering). This network is important to tap into, as it also contains our ability for creative problem solving, so it doesn't just contain our worries and fears, but our ability to move past them. We just need to be mindful of what we are thinking about, to prevent the negativity bias from taking over our mind (when we get stuck ruminating on negative thoughts instead of positive creative thoughts).  Be sure that we are thinking positive thoughts, so we don't default into this negative cycle of thinking. This takes practice, but with time, does become a habit and can be very useful during times of intense pressure or stress.   OUR DEFAULT MODE NETWORK:  Is the highest during daydreaming (using our imagination) Decreases slightly during mind-wandering Decreases more during creative thinking Is WEAKEST during goal-directed thought PUT THIS INTO ACTION: See if you can notice yourself “switching” your mind from the imagination, DMN, to the CEN (thinking network) like I did when I had to stop my imagination from running wild when my daughter was injured and actually THINK. THINK ABOUT THIS!    What strategy do you have in place to STOP your Default Mode (Imagination) Network from taking over your mind? The next time you are in a situation where your emotions are flooding you, whether it be FEAR like I felt, or maybe ANGER with difficult situation at work, see if you can use your CEN to bring those Executive Functions (like decision-making) back online. This can be done simply by STOPPPING the automatic negative thoughts (say STOP) and then begin to use your mind to think. Ask questions, and then notice your salience network come into play will create the balance in your brain that's needed in times of stress.   OUR FEELINGS ARE OUR REACTIONS TO OUR EMOTIONS AND WE CAN CONTROL THEM: How do you feel right now? Does this question make you stop and think for a minute? If your feelings don't come to your mind immediately and you've got to think for a second, that's because “our feelings are a complex semi-conscious reaction towards our emotions” (Mark Waldman) or maybe like we learned from Dr. Matsumoto, they might have nothing at all to do with the emotion (like when we feel tired or cold).  This is fascinating area of Marc Brackett's work and his book Permission to Feel that we covered on EP #22.[xxiii] The important part of diving deeper into our feelings is to remember is that they are “shaped by intuitive processes, memories, beliefs, fantasies and thoughts.” (Waldman) and these feelings are “then assigned a private, personal meaning” that's unique to us. PUT THIS INTO ACTION: Ask someone to explain how they feel about something and you might be surprised with the answer they come up with. You will learn something about this person from this question, as they dig deep to answer you.  Watch them closely to see if they have a difficult time putting their feelings into words because they are complex reactions about their own individual experience. THINK ABOUT THIS: What story did they tell you? What did you learn about the person from their story? Could you see their intuitive process, memories, and beliefs at work? We started this episode by saying “There is no separation of mind and emotions: emotions, thinking and learning are all linked.” Eric Jenson, but I think we went much deeper than that proving that our thoughts, feelings and emotions are all connected. It doesn't matter what we call our emotions, just that we recognize the ones that make us happy, and for the negative ones, how we respond to them really does determine the conditions, circumstances and environment we'll create in our life. I learned this week that when the emotion of fear came up, I had to overcome it quickly, bringing those executive functions back online to stay on track by not letting my imagination take over my mind. The more we learn to understand these things called emotions, and the feelings attached to them (or not), the better prepared we can be to deal with life's difficult situations that will come up whether we like them or not. With time and practice, we really can train our brain to move past difficult emotions like fear, worry and doubt, through to understanding, and this will have a significant impact on the outcome of our daily results. I hope you find these concepts to be as helpful and useful in your life as I'm finding them in mine. I'll see you next week. FOLLOW ANDREA SAMADI:  YouTube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/AndreaSamadi   Website https://www.achieveit360.com/  LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/samadi/  Facebook:  https://www.facebook.com/Achieveit360com   Neuroscience Meets SEL Facebook Group https://www.facebook.com/groups/2975814899101697   Twitter: https://twitter.com/andreasamadi   Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/andreasamadi/    REFERENCES: [i]Neuroscience Meets Social and Emotional Learning Podcast EPISODE #79 with Eric Jensen on “Strategies for Reversing the Impact of Poverty and Stress on Student Learning”  https://andreasamadi.podbean.com/e/brain-based-leaning-author-eric-jensen-on-strategies-or-reversing-the-impact-of-poverty-and-stress-on-student-learning/   [ii]Neuroscience Meets Social and Emotional Learning Podcast EPISODE#127 on “How Emotions Impact Learning, Memory and the Brain” https://andreasamadi.podbean.com/e/brain-fact-friday-how-emotions-impact-learning-memory-and-the-brain/   [iii] Neuroscience Meets SEL Podcast Episode #100 with Mary Helen Immordino-Yang https://andreasamadi.podbean.com/e/professor-mary-helen-immordino-yang-on-the-neuroscience-of-social-and-emotional-learning/   [iv] Emotions Vs Feelings Published by Dr. David Matsumoto May, 2022  https://www.humintell.com/2022/05/whats-the-difference-between-emotions-and-feelings/   [v] IBID [vi] https://www.paulekman.com/   [vii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carroll_Izard   [viii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaak_Panksepp   [ix] https://psychology.berkeley.edu/people/robert-w-levenson   [x] Neuroscience Meets Social and Emotional Learning Podcast EPISODE #48 on “Using Brain Network Theory to Stay Productive During Times of Chaos and Change” https://andreasamadi.podbean.com/e/brain-network-theory-using-neuroscience-to-stay-productive-during-times-of-change-and-chaos/   [xi] Neuroscience Meets Social and Emotional Learning Podcast EPISODE #270 with Lucy Biven on “A Short-Cut for Understanding Affective Neuroscience” https://andreasamadi.podbean.com/e/lucy-biven/   [xii]Neuroscience Meets Social and Emotional Learning Podcast EPISODE #282 with Gabrielle Usatynski on “How to Use Jaak Panksepp's 7 Core Emotions to Transform Your Family, Career and Life”  https://andreasamadi.podbean.com/e/gabrielle-usatynski-on-how-to-use-jaak-panksepp-s-7-core-emotions-to-transform-your-relationships-family-career-and-life/   [xiii] What is Attachment Theory by Kendra Cherry Feb. 22, 2023 https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-attachment-theory-2795337   [xiv] https://www.paulekman.com/   [xv] Lie to Me TV Series https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1235099/   [xvi]Neuroscience Meets Social and Emotional Learning Podcast EPISODE #163 with Dan Hill, The Faces Guy on “How to Read the Emotions in Others: For Schools, Sports and the Wrokplace”  https://andreasamadi.podbean.com/e/dan-hill-phd-the-faces-guy-on-how-to-read-the-emotions-in-others-for-schools-sports-and-the-workplace/   [xvii] Four Models of Basic Emotions: A Review of Ekman and Cordaro, Izard, Levenson, and Panksepp and Watt Published by Jessica Tracy and Daniel Randles October 2011 https://ubc-emotionlab.ca/wp-content/files_mf/emotionreview2011tracyandrandles.pdf [xviii] IBID [xix] Lisa Feldman Barrett https://lisafeldmanbarrett.com/   [xx] Understanding the Role of Emotion and Aging with Robert Levenson https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ehqzhj9f8Y8   [xxi] www.MarkRobertWaldman.com   [xxii]Neuroscience Meets Social and Emotional Learning Podcast EPISODE  #48 on “Brain Network Theory: Using Neuroscience to Stay Productive During Times of Change and Chaos” https://andreasamadi.podbean.com/e/brain-network-theory-using-neuroscience-to-stay-productive-during-times-of-change-and-chaos/   [xxiii] Neuroscience Meets Social and Emotional Learning Podcast EPISODE  #22 with Marc Brackett, Founding Director of the Yale Center of Emotional Intelligence on “Permission to Feel” https://andreasamadi.podbean.com/e/founding-director-of-the-yale-center-of-emotional-intelligence-on-his-new-book-permission-to-feel/  

Recently, Jill asked the universe to send her a way of fixing her shoulder, arm, hand and thumb which had slowly gotten worse over time & it chucked a book at her called ‘Pain Free' by Pete Egoscue. After just a couple of his exercises for one particular ache, she bounced out of bed on a couple of mornings in a row without even realising she wasn't aching any more! Image Source: freepngimg.com         ........ To find out more about the Egoscue Method on their website: https://www.egoscue.com https://www.egoscue.com/learning-center/a-letter-from-pete-egoscue/          The Book Pain Free by Pete Egoscue – Revised Edition 2021:- https://www.penguinrandomhouse.ca/books/675597/pain-free-revised-and-updated-second-edition-by-pete-egoscue/9781101886649                     Some online Egoscue video's:- https://duckduckgo.com/?q=the+egoscue+method&t=opera&iar=videos&iax=videos&ia=videos           Three useful Egoscue exercises if you are desk bound: https://duckduckgo.com/?q=the+egoscue+method&t=opera&iax=videos&ia=videos&iai=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dxwvn3lj8kAg  ....... This podcast is for information purposes only and represents the views and opinions of the speakers. Always use your own discernment in relation to anything discussed. Any information presented relating to any aspect of health & well being is for information purposes only and is not meant to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease. We recommend you seek the advice of a healthcare practitioner before beginning any natural, complimentary, or conventional treatment.

This musing was initially inspired by an interview Jill had listened to about a different view on the death of Christ and then became a tribute to her recently departed mother who had always loved Easter time. ....... Image Source: https://wallsdesk.com/spring-52776/spring-hd-background/    ....... This podcast is for information purposes only and represents the views and opinions of the speakers. Always use your own discernment in relation to anything discussed. Any information presented relating to any aspect of health & well being is for information purposes only and is not meant to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease. We recommend you seek the advice of a healthcare practitioner before beginning any natural, complimentary, or conventional treatment.

Hey folks! Sorry for the delay on this one, we were having some technical issues, and this was recorded a week ago! A whole week! Thankfully, nothing much has changed in that week. In this one, we take a look at the free agency period that Jeff declares a big pile of nothing, and we figure out if anyone actually bettered their fantasy football stock. Walker and Jeff are recording the running back draft preview TODAY so look for that one in your feeds tomorrow. Again, we love you, and we appreciate your patience while Jeff handles his business at home. We invite you to join our $3/month Patreon and gain access to every other episode of the podcast! Click here to join our Discord. You can find our Beersheets merchandise here. ==============================Intro Music: "Rosalie K" by KieLoBotOutro Music: "Cool Rock" by Kevin MacLeod Both under Creative Commons 4.0 licensing [Image Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Devin_Singletary.jpg, cropped, under CC BY SA 2.0]

Walker Kelly, Mike Valverde, and Jeff Krisko take a look forward at this weekend's football action and build a DFS lineup guaranteed to score at least one fantasy point. Check out our Twitch channel every Sunday for our LIVE Start or Sit Show as well as our Gambling Absurdity and DFS for Cheapskates streams every Saturday! We invite you to join our $3/month Patreon and gain access to our Tuesday episode of the podcast! Click here to join our Discord. You can find our Beersheets merchandise here. ==============================Intro Music: "Rosalie K" by KieLoBotOutro Music: "Cool Rock" by Kevin MacLeod Both under Creative Commons 4.0 licensing [Image Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Josh_Allen_%2843569465444%29.jpg/800px-Josh_Allen_%2843569465444%29.jpg under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en]

Walker Kelly, Mike Valverde and Jeff Krisko greet a special guest, take a look back at a Thursday Night Football game that went exactly as expected, and look forward to the final preview of the 2022 season! Check out our Twitch channel every Sunday for our LIVE Start or Sit Show as well as our Gambling Absurdity and DFS for Cheapskates streams every Saturday! We invite you to join our $3/month Patreon and gain access to our Tuesday episode of the podcast! Click here to join our Discord. You can find our Beersheets merchandise here. ==============================Intro Music: "Rosalie K" by KieLoBotOutro Music: "Cool Rock" by Kevin MacLeod Both under Creative Commons 4.0 licensing [Image Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Ezekiel_Elliott_%2838027138731%29.jpg, cropped]

It's that time of the year again when the red juggernaut from Merseyside face off against the blue hurricane from Manchester. But with Liverpool stuttering in the league so far, will this be an anti-climatic battle at Anfield? The pundits preview the latest battle between Jurgen Klopp and Pep Guardiola and other interesting matches this weekend, while also looking back at the midweek European matches. All these, and more, on Just For Kicks.Image Source: stadiumastro.com

Liverpool made light work of Rangers in the Champions League, but will this be another false dawn for The Reds, or will they be able to stop the progress of high flying Arsenal in this weekend's match of the week? Join Kam Raslan and the pundits as they review the midweek matches, including KL City FC's valiant win against FC Sogdiana in the AFC Cup, and Chelsea's comfortable home victory against AC Milan, as well as look ahead to the weekend's EPL fixtures.Image Source: thisisanfield.com

The month ended with bad news among developers when the test builds of the highly anticipated Grand Theft Auto 6 and Diablo 4 were leaked online. We explore that story as well as other gaming news that happened in September, including a reaction to Ubisoft Forward's offerings and Cyberpunk: Edgerunners receiving rave reviews and reigniting gamers' interest in Cyberpunk 2077. New releases this month include Disney Dreamlight Valley, Splatoon 3, Return to Monkey Island and Trombone Champ.Image Source: nintendo.com

According to the World Bank, Malaysia can now be considered an ageing nation, with more than 7 percent of our population belonging in the age group of 65 years old and above. This number is expected to double by 2044, making our society an “aged society” by then. How can we accommodate this segment of the population in the design of our cities? Alice Sabrina Ismail, Director of Architecture at the Faculty of Built Environment & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia joins us on the show to discuss the topic.Image Source: 123rf.com/profile_bee32

According to the World Bank, Malaysia can now be considered an ageing nation, with more than 7 percent of our population belonging in the age group of 65 years old and above. This number is expected to double by 2044, making our society an “aged society” by then. How can we accommodate this segment of the population in the design of our cities? Alice Sabrina Ismail, Director of Architecture at the Faculty of Built Environment & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia joins us on the show to discuss the topic.Image Source: 123rf.com/profile_bee32

We check out Rollerdrome, a game that is essentially the Tony Hawk series, but with guns. But don't let that slightly simplistic take on the game fool you - Rollerdrome has a very cool art style and a dystopian theme that sets the mood for you to fight the enemies while pulling off cool tricks on your roller skates. Tune in to the show to find out whether the game is worth picking up.Image Source: ungeek.ph

Health Minister Khairy Jamaluddin announced that face masks indoors will be optional effective immediately. We get into it.Image Source: atk work, shutterstock

According to the Malaysian Institute of Estate Planners, only 20% of Malaysians have written a will. We speak to a lawyer about why so few of us have a will, what goes into estate planning, and some of the factors that are often overlooked in will writing.Image Source: mapo_japan, shutterstock

We explore the complex feelings of phone calls in today's modern society where a simple text is often preferred.Image Source: karen roach, Shutterstock

If you could only choose to eat one meal and drink one drink every day for the rest of your life - what would it be? We get into it.Image Source: dturphoto, Shutterstock

Embracer Group continue their spending spree by buying more studios, and also the IP rights to the Lord of The Rings franchise. We also recap announcements from the recent Gamescom as well as review August releases, which include Xenoblade Chronicles 3, Cult of the Lamb and Gigabash.Image Source: gamespot.com

Last week, the Ministry of Housing and Local Government launched Indeks Daya Huni Malaysia or Malaysia's Liveability Index. What makes a city or a place liveable and how does good urban design lay a solid foundation for places to be considered liveable? We speak to Shuhana Shamsuddin, President of Pereka Bandar, who attended the launch of the index, to find out more.Image Source: 123rf.com/profile_sergiodvphoto

Last week, the Ministry of Housing and Local Government launched Indeks Daya Huni Malaysia or Malaysia's Liveability Index. What makes a city or a place liveable and how does good urban design lay a solid foundation for places to be considered liveable? We speak to Shuhana Shamsuddin, President of Pereka Bandar, who attended the launch of the index, to find out more.Image Source: 123rf.com/profile_sergiodvphoto

The recent plan by DBKL to encourage the culture of walking by closing Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman every Sunday has got us wondering about whether our cities are designed to be walkable. The walkability of a city goes beyond just having pedestrian pavements, and involves a lot more other factors. Shuhana Shamsuddin from Pereka Bandar joins us on the show to explain how good urban design is crucial in ensuring walkability for the people living in the city.Image Source: ©abdulrazaklatif/123RF.COM

The recent plan by DBKL to encourage the culture of walking by closing Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman every Sunday has got us wondering about whether our cities are designed to be walkable. The walkability of a city goes beyond just having pedestrian pavements, and involves a lot more other factors. Shuhana Shamsuddin from Pereka Bandar joins us on the show to explain how good urban design is crucial in ensuring walkability for the people living in the city.Image Source: ©abdulrazaklatif/123RF.COM

Local Twitter is abuzz with yet another discussion about Mahsuri, and this time, on what the movie should look like. This is coming from a social media exchange between Maya Karin and Syamsul Yusoff, with both of them expressing interest to work with each other. We get into it. Image Source : kosmo

Football is back and so are the pundits on BFM's new football show, Just For Kicks! Join Kam Raslan and his guests as they preview matchday 1 of the English Premier League, including Liverpool vs Fulham, Man Utd vs Brighton and West Ham vs Man City. Will the new signings slot in well for these teams? Let's look ahead to the new season!Image Source: shutterstock.com

The GGWP team talks about Stray, a game that will get you meowing alongside its protagonist, a stray cat, as it goes on an adventure in a post apocalyptic world. Is this game worth picking up, even if you're not a cat lover? Tune in to find out!Image Source: gamingbolt.com

In 1381, Ming armies marched into Yunnan and Guizhou and within a year had deposed the Mongol Yuan's Prince of Liang, who had been enfeoffed there by the Yuan court. The Hongwu's emperor's decision to annex Yunnan and Guizhou and establish Ming administration there was unusual, for before the Mongols conquered it in the mid-1250s, the area had never been under the control of a China-based empire. It was more Southeast Asian in character than it was Chinese in character. Yet for decades, the scholarly community has neglected the study of the southwest. In this episode, Sean Cronan will discuss the Ming's rule in the region, how the early Ming court reshaped the interstate environment of Southwest China and Upper Mainland Southeast Asia, as well as some of the legacies that the early Ming left on the region. Contributors Sean Cronan Sean Cronan is a Ph.D. student at the University of California, Berkeley. His work focuses on East and Southeast Asian diplomatic encounters from the thirteenth to eighteenth centuries, tracing the development of new shared diplomatic norms following the Mongol conquests of Eurasia, as well as how rulers and scholar-officials in the Ming (1368- 1644) and Qing Dynasties (1644-1911) institutionalized and challenged these new norms. He explores how ideas of multipolarity, regime legitimacy, and the makeup of the interstate order came under debate throughout the Mongol Empire, Ming China, the Qing Empire, Chosŏn Korea, Dai Viet (Northern Vietnam), Japan, the Ayutthaya Kingdom of Thailand, the Pagan Kingdom of Burma, and beyond. He works with sources in Chinese (literary Sinitic), Japanese, Thai, Burmese, Manchu, and Dutch. Yiming Ha Yiming Ha is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of History at the University of California, Los Angeles. His current research is on military mobilization and state-building in China between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries, focusing on how military institutions changed over time, how the state responded to these changes, the disconnect between the center and localities, and the broader implications that the military had on the state. His project highlights in particular the role of the Mongol Yuan in introducing an alternative form of military mobilization that radically transformed the Chinese state. He is also interested in military history, nomadic history, comparative Eurasian state-building, and the history of maritime interactions in early modern East Asia. He received his BA from UCLA and his MPhil from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Credits Episode No. 13 Release date: July 31, 2022 Recording location: Los Angeles/Berkeley, CA Transcript Bibliography courtesy of Sean Cronan Images Cover Image: A Buddhist monastery in Xishuangbanna (Sipsongpanna), located in Yunnan at the border with Laos and Myanmar. Note the distinct Southeast Asian style architecture. In Ming times this area was called Cheli 車里 and a native official ruled here on behalf of the Ming court. Today it is classified as an autonomous region for the Dai/Tai ethnic group. (Image Source) https://i.imgur.com/tn3BrKI.jpg A 1636 Ming map of Yunnan, from the Zhifang dayitong zhi 職方大一統志. Due to the large file size, it cannot be uploaded here. Please click on the link above to view it. The yellow rectangle denotes the location of Kunming, the prefectural seat of Yunnan. Red squares represent major settlements. Map of the Möeng Maaw Empire at its greatest extent in 1398. . Areas in red were either governed by a Sa clan appointee or had long been conquered and integrated into the Maaw administrative structure. Areas in yellow were seized by more recent conquest or held only loosely. Map courtesy of Sean Cronan. Please do not cite or circulate. A Yuan seal granted to the native official of Cheli. (Image Source) References Daniels, Christian. “The Mongol-Yuan in Yunnan and ProtoTai/Tai Polities during the 13th-14th Centuries.” Journal of the Siam Society, 106 (2018), 201-243. Daniels, Christian and Jianxiong Ma, eds. The Transformation of Yunnan in Ming China: from the Dali Kingdom to Imperial Province. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2020. Fernquest, Jon. “Crucible of War: Burma and the Ming in the Tai Frontier Zone (1382-1454).” SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research, 4:2 (2006), 27-90. Giersch, Charles Patterson. Asian Borderlands: The Transformation of Qing China's Yunnan Frontier. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2006. Herman, John E. Amid the Clouds and Mist China's Colonization of Guizhou, 1200–1700. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2007. Robinson, David M. In the Shadow of the Mongol Empire: Ming China and Eurasia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Yang, Bin. Between Winds and Clouds: The Making of Yunnan (Second Century BCE to Twentieth Century CE). New York: Columbia University Press, 2009.

A husband on Twitter recounted his experience in opting to cheer his wife up with nasi kukus instead of flowers, having discovered how expensive they were to buy. We get into the responses and explore whether food or flowers is the way to a person's heart.Image Source: vjapratama, Pexels

Have you ever wondered how our residential and housing areas in the city and in the country were conceptualised and designed? How did we arrive at the kind of houses that most of us live in today? From terrace houses to bungalows and low cost apartments to high end condominiums? We unpack all these questions and how our housing developments affect our relationship with each other in this episode of I Love KL.Image Source: 123rf.com/profile_nizamkem

Mike Valverde, Walker Kelly, and Jeff Krisko take a look at their sleeper, breakout, and bust candidates at wide receiver, tight end, and... kicker! If you want to hear about quarterbacks and running backs, then check out our Patreon feed episode from last week! We will be back next week in that feed! Click here to join our Discord. You can find our Beersheets merchandise here. ============================== Intro Music from https://freemusicarchive.org "Rosalie K" by KieLoBot License: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Outro Music from https://filmmusic.io "Cool Rock" by Kevin MacLeod (https://incompetech.com) License: CC BY (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Image Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robbie_Gould_kicking.jpg under CC BY SA 2.0 and a picture of a ham.

Since the 1990s, the New Qing History school has loomed large in the study of the Qing dynasty. It has greatly informed not only the study of the Qing but study of other dynasties as well. Yet what exactly is New Qing History? What is "new" about it? How did it come into being? How was it received in China and the West? To answer these questions, we talked to Professor Joanna Waley-Cohen of NYU, one of the leading scholars of the Qing dynasty. Contributors Joanna Waley-Cohen Professor Joanna Waley-Cohen is the Provost for NYU Shanghai and Julius Silver Professor of History at New York University. Her research interests include early modern Chinese history, especially the Qing dynasty; China and the West; and Chinese imperial culture, particularly in the Qianlong era; warfare in China and Inner Asia; and Chinese culinary history, and she has authored several books and articles on these topics. In addition, Professor Waley-Cohen has received many honors, including archival and postdoctoral fellowships from the American Council of Learned Societies, Goddard and Presidential Fellowships from NYU, and an Olin Fellowship in Military and Strategic History from Yale.  Yiming Ha Yiming Ha is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of History at the University of California, Los Angeles. His current research is on military mobilization and state-building in China between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries, focusing on how military institutions changed over time, how the state responded to these changes, the disconnect between the center and localities, and the broader implications that the military had on the state. His project highlights in particular the role of the Mongol Yuan in introducing an alternative form of military mobilization that radically transformed the Chinese state. He is also interested in military history, nomadic history, comparative Eurasian state-building, and the history of maritime interactions in early modern East Asia. He received his BA from UCLA and his MPhil from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Credits Episode no. 12 Release date: June 25, 2022 Recording location: Los Angeles, CA/New York, NY Transcript Bibliography courtesy of Professor Waley-Cohen Images Cover Image: The Qianlong Emperor, who reigned from 1735 to 1796. After he abdicated, he continued to retain power as retired emperor until his death in 1799. He is the longest-reigning monarch in Chinese history and one of the longest in the world (Image Source). The headquarters of the First Historical Archives in Beijing, which houses documents from the Qing. The opening of this archive and access to the Manchu-language documents held within helped give birth to New Qing History. (Image Source) A copy of a Qing-era civil service examination answer sheet. Note the Manchu script on the seal. Currently held in UCLA Library Special Collections (Photo by Yiming). The Putuo Zongcheng Temple, a Buddhist temple in the Qing's Rehe Summer Resort (in today's Chengde, Hebei province). The temple was built between 1767 and 1771 by the Qianlong Emperor and was a replica of the Potala Palace in Lhasa. It is a fusion of Tibetan and Chinese architectural styles and is one of the most famous landmarks in the Chengde Summer Resort. (Image Source) A painting of a European-style palace constructed by the Jesuits for the Qing emperors in the Old Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan). Note the fusion of Chinese and European styles. The Old Summer Palace was looted and burned by Anglo-French forces in 1860. The twelve bronze head statutes in front of the building have mostly been repatriated back to China, although some are in the hands of private collectors. (Image Source) The Qianlong Emperor commissioned a series of artwork commemorating the "Ten Great Campaigns" of his reign. This particular piece of artwork depicts the Battle of Thọ Xương River in 1788, when the Qing invaded Vietnam. These artworks were collaborative pieces between Chinese and Jesuit painters. (Image Source) References Patricia Berger, Empire of Emptiness: Buddhist Art and Political Authority in Qing China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2003. Pamela K. Crossley, A Translucent Mirror:  History and Identity in Qing Imperial Ideology.  Berkeley:  University of California Press, 1999. Mark C. Elliott, The Manchu Way:  The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China.  Stanford, CA:  Stanford University Press, 2001. Johan Elverskog, Our Great Qing: The Mongols, Buddhists, and the State in Late Imperial China. Honolulu: University of  Hawaii Press, 2006. Philippe Foret, Mapping Chengde:  The Qing Landscape Enterprise.  Honolulu:  University of Hawaii Press, 2000. Jonathan S. Hay, Shitao:  Painting and Modernity in Early Qing China.  Cambridge:  Cambridge University Press, 2001. Ho Ping-ti, “The Significance of the Ch'ing Period in Chinese History,” Journal of Asian Studies 26.2 (1967):  189-95 Ho Ping-ti, “In Defense of Sinicization: A Rebuttal of Evelyn Rawski's `Reenvisioning the Qing,'” Journal of Asian Studies 57.1 (1998):  123-55. Laura Hostetler, Qing Colonial Enterprise:  Ethnography and Cartography in Early Modern China.  Chicago:  University of Chicago Press, 2001. Susan Mann, Precious Records:  Women in China's Long Eighteenth Century.  Stanford, CA:  Stanford University Press, 1997. James P. Millward, Beyond the Pass:  Economy, Ethnicity, and Empire in Qing Central Asia, 1759-1864.  Stanford, CA:  Stanford University Press, 1998. Ronald C. Po, The Blue Frontier: Maritime Vision and Power in the Qing Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Evelyn S. Rawski, The Last Emperors:  A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions.  Berkeley:  University of California Press, 1998. Evelyn S. Rawski, “Presidential Address: Reenvisioning the Qing: The Significance of the Qing Period in Chinese History,” Journal of Asian Studies 55.4 (1996):  829-50.

In this episode of I Love KL, we explore the theoretical concepts of semiotics and structuralism in architectural design. How important are these concepts for architects and designers when it comes to designing buildings and spaces? How will this help them convey certain messages or ideas to the end users? We explore.Image Source: ©abdulrazaklatif/123RF.COM

SPM results are out, and Congratulations Ain is trending! This is after Ain Husniza shared the top marks she got despite the hate messages she received for purportedly prioritizing activism over her studies.Image Source: ainhsaifulnizam, Official Twitter account

A conversation on the act of paying for public toilets is trending on Twitter, following a tweet from Marina Ibrahim of DAP on complaints that public toilets at the Taman Ungku Tun Aminah bus terminal were too expensive. She explained that the public's usage of these restrooms have been less than ideal, and that these charges are used to accomodate price of goods and the salaries of workers. We join the discussion.Image Source: sevenke, Shutterstock

The race to create and/or be a part of the metaverse is hotting up, despite the ambiguity and vagueness of it all. Creator of the hugely successful Fortnite, Epic Games does not want to miss out and is working their way towards it. With Unreal Engine becoming more ubiquitous than ever in the industry and beyond, and Fortnite continuing to break new grounds and boundaries, does Epic Games have the advantage compared to others? We speak to Quentin Staes-Polet, Managing Director for Unreal Engine at Epic Games for EMEA, India and South East Asia to hear what their game plan is for the metaverse.Image Source: tapati, 123rf.com

Monty Rakusen specialises in photographing Industry, Engineering, Science and Energy, creating unique brand-building images that really stand out. Monty works collaboratively with clients and syndicates his pictures through image libraries like Image Source and Getty. He has created a library of over 12,000 images of the absolute highest quality which are used in a variety of ways.  Commercial  and industrial photogaphy has been a big part of my career and I've always looked up to Monty's work which is so immaculate, technically spot-on but retains a warmth and personality that really connects to the viewer and humanises some big ideas. We talk about how Monty's career has changed over the years, how he builds pictures, his editing workflow and much more. Sorry about the sound quality on this episode - particularly in the second half. There was a tech problem which I've done my best to clean this up but please stick with it and you'll hear the thoughts of a hugely experienced photographer who's just the best at what he does. Here's my conversation with Monty Rakusen… Show Notes Thank you to our sponsor, MPB. Get a quote for your unwanted camera gear here: https://www.mpb.com/en-uk/sell-or-trade/ (https://www.mpb.com/en-uk/sell-or-trade/)  Follow this week's guest at the following links:  Website - https://www.rakusen.co.uk (https://www.rakusen.co.uk)  Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/montyrakusen/ (https://www.instagram.com/montyrakusen/)  Connect with View Finders here: Episodes - http://www.viewfinderslive.com/podcast (www.viewfinderslive.com/podcast)  Instagram - http://www.instagram.com/viewfinderspodcast (www.instagram.com/viewfinderspodcast)   Tickets for the next View Finders Live Event - https://viewfinderslive.com (https://viewfinderslive.com) To save 10% off tickets for View Finders Live events, use the code VF10 Connect with me at: http://www.grahamdargie.co.uk (www.grahamdargie.co.uk)  http://www.grahamdargie.com (www.grahamdargie.com)  http://www.youtube.com/5minutephotography (www.youtube.com/5minutephotography)  Photography equipment: Nikon D850 - https://www.mpb.com/en-uk/used-equipment/used-photo-and-video/used-digital-slr-cameras/used-nikon-digital-slr-cameras/nikon-d850/ (https://www.mpb.com/en-uk/used-equipment/used-photo-and-video/used-digital-slr-cameras/used-nikon-digital-slr-cameras/nikon-d850/)  Nikon 16-35mm - https://www.mpb.com/en-uk/search/?www-product-search=Nikon+16-35mm&www-department=all (https://www.mpb.com/en-uk/search/?www-product-search=Nikon+16-35mm&www-department=all)  Nikon 24-70mm - https://www.mpb.com/en-uk/used-equipment/used-photo-and-video/used-lenses/used-nikon-fit-lenses/nikon-af-s-24-70mm-f-2-8e-ed-vr/ (https://www.mpb.com/en-uk/used-equipment/used-photo-and-video/used-lenses/used-nikon-fit-lenses/nikon-af-s-24-70mm-f-2-8e-ed-vr/)  Nikon 70-200mm - https://www.mpb.com/en-uk/used-equipment/used-photo-and-video/used-lenses/used-nikon-fit-lenses/nikon-af-s-70-200mm-f-2-8g-if-ed-vr-ii/ (https://www.mpb.com/en-uk/used-equipment/used-photo-and-video/used-lenses/used-nikon-fit-lenses/nikon-af-s-70-200mm-f-2-8g-if-ed-vr-ii/)   Sigma 35mm Art - https://www.mpb.com/en-uk/used-equipment/used-photo-and-video/used-lenses/used-nikon-fit-lenses/sigma-35mm-f-1-4-dg-hsm-art-nikon-fit/ (https://www.mpb.com/en-uk/used-equipment/used-photo-and-video/used-lenses/used-nikon-fit-lenses/sigma-35mm-f-1-4-dg-hsm-art-nikon-fit/)  Sigma 50mm Art - https://www.mpb.com/en-uk/used-equipment/used-photo-and-video/used-lenses/sigma-50mm-f-1-4-dg-hsm-art-l-fit/ (https://www.mpb.com/en-uk/used-equipment/used-photo-and-video/used-lenses/sigma-50mm-f-1-4-dg-hsm-art-l-fit/)  Sigma 85mm Art - https://www.mpb.com/en-uk/search/?www-product-search=sigma+85mm+art&www-department=all...

In the study of 19th and 20th century Chinese history, there is often focus on the intense Christian missionary activities happening in China. Yet at the same time, members of China's Hui (or Sino-Muslim) community were also beginning to reconnect with their co-religionists overseas. Armed with knowledge of Arabic, Persian, and Urdu and trained in Western orientalist discourses in new religious schools overseas, these Hui scholars began to "rediscover" aspects of Islam and in the process rewrite the history of Islam in China both for audiences within China and for a non-Chinese audience overseas. In this episode, we are joined by Professor Nile Green of UCLA to talk about how and why these exchanges took place and some of the implications of these exchanges. Please also be sure to check out Professor Green's podcast "Akbar's Chamber" for monthly episodes on the history of Islam. Available on Apple Podcasts and all other major podcast platforms. Contributors Professor Nile Green Professor Nile Green is a Professor of History and the Ibn Khaldun Endowed Chair in World History at UCLA. He works on the Islamic history of Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Europe, publishing numerous monographs and articles and editing seven books on a wide range of topics related to the history of Islam. His recent research interest is on the global history of Islam and Muslims, focusing on intellectual and technological interchange between Asia and Europe; Muslim global travel writings; the transnational genealogy of Afghan modernism; and the world history of 'Islamic' printing. He was a founding director of UCLA's Program on Central Asia and serves on many association and editorial boards. He is also the host of Akbar's Chamber, a podcast that offers a non-political, non-sectarian and non-partisan space for exploring the past and present of Islam. Yiming Ha Yiming Ha is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of History at the University of California, Los Angeles. His current research is on military mobilization and state-building in China between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries, focusing on how military institutions changed over time, how the state responded to these changes, the disconnect between the center and localities, and the broader implications that the military had on the state. His project highlights in particular the role of the Mongol Yuan in introducing an alternative form of military mobilization that radically transformed the Chinese state. He is also interested in military history, nomadic history, comparative Eurasian state-building, and the history of maritime interactions in early modern East Asia. He received his BA from UCLA and his MPhil from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Credits Episode no. 9 Release date: March 13, 2022 Recording location: Los Angeles, CA Bibliography courtesy of Professor Green Images Cover Image: Masjid at the Aligarh Muslim University (formerly Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College) in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was founded by Sir Thomas Arnold and was (and still is) a major center of Islamic learning (Image Source). A view of the Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama in Lucknow, India, an Islamic seminary where Hai Weiliang* studied (Image Source). Sir Thomas Walker Arnold (1864-1930), a renowned British orientalist and Islamic scholar who wrote the famous The Preaching of Islam and The Encyclopedia of Islam. He founded the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College (now Aligarh Muslim University) and taught Syed Sulaiman Nadvi, who was the teacher of Hai Weiliang (Image Source). Syed Sulaiman Nadvi (1884-1953), the teacher and educational patron of Hai Weiliang (Image Source). * Sadly, no pictures of Hai Weiliang can be found. References Green, Nile. How Asia Found Herself: A Story of Intercultural Understanding. New Haven: Yale University Press, forthcoming 2022. Benite, Zvi Ben-Dor. The Dao of Muhammad: A Cultural History of Muslims in Late Imperial China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2005. Benite, Zvi Ben-Dor. “Taking ʿAbduh to China: Chinese-Egyptian Intellectual Contact in the Early Twentieth Century.” In James Gelvin and Nile Green (eds.), Global Muslims in the Age of Steam and Print, edited by James Gelvin and Nile Green, 249-267. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2014. Chen, John. “‘Just Like Old Friends': The Significance of Southeast Asia to Modern Chinese Islam.” SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia 31, no. 3 (2016): 685–742. Chen, John. “Islam's Loneliest Cosmopolitan: Badr al-Din Hai Weiliang, the Lucknow-Cairo Connection, and the Circumscription of Islamic Transnationalism.” ReOrient: The Journal of Critical Muslim Studies 3/2 (2018): 121-139.  Chung, Tan & Ravni Thakur (eds). Across the Himalayan Gap: An Indian Quest for Understanding China. New Delhi: Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, 1998. Henning, Stefan. “God's Translator: Qu'ran Translation and the Struggle over a Written National Language in 1930s China.” Modern China 41, no. 6 (2015): 631-655. Jahn, Karl. China in der islamischen Geschichtsschreibung. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1971. Lipman, Jonathan N.  Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997. Mao, Yufeng. “A Muslim Vision for the Chinese Nation: Chinese Pilgrimage Missions to Mecca during World War II.” The Journal of Asian Studies 70, no. 2 (2011): 373–395. Murata, Sachiko. “The Muslim Appropriate of Confucian Thought in Eighteenth-Century China.” Comparative Islamic Studies 7, no. 1-2 (2012): 13–22. O'Sullivan, Michael. “Vernacular Capitalism and Intellectual History in a Gujarati Account of China, 1860–68.” The Journal of Asian Studies 80, no. 2 (2021): 267–292. Park, Hyunhee. Mapping the Chinese and Islamic Worlds: Cross-Cultural Exchange in Pre-Modern Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Petersen, Kristian. Interpreting Islam in China: Pilgrimage, Scripture, and Language in the Han Kitab. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. Sen, Tansen. India, China, and the World: A Connected History. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017. Thum, Rian. The Sacred Routes of Uyghur History. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 2014.

The Northern Song (960-1127) capital city of Kaifeng (also known as Bianjing or Dongjing) was the largest city in the medieval world. Its population surpassed the previous capitals of Chang'an and Luoyang and dwarfed contemporary world cities such as Baghdad and Constantinople. At its peak, Kaifeng boasted a population of well over a million people and was home to hundreds of thousands of soldiers. It was also the central node of vast transportation network consisting of rivers, canals, and roads and as a result became a huge commercial center. It's wealth and prosperity has been immortalized in the famous painting Qingming shanghe tu (清明上河圖), which offers various depictions of daily life in the bustling city. Yet at what cost was this prosperity achieved? How was this vast city supplied? How did Kaifeng's consumption, and by extension the Northern Song's rapid economic and technological development as whole, impact the environment and change ecological features? And in our own age of climate change, what lessons can we draw from the history and experience of Song Kaifeng? To answer these questions, we interviewed Dr. Yuan Chen, an environmental historian of premodern China with a focus on Song Kaifeng, who will talk to us about the fascinating history of Kaifeng during the Northern Song and Kaifeng's broader impacts on China. Note: We apologize for some minor audio distortions in the interview. Contributors Yuan Chen Yuan Chen is a Postdoctoral Associate at the Franklin Humanities Institute & Global Asia Initiative at Duke University. She received her PhD from Yale University and was also a Visiting Professor at Boston College. Her current research focuses on the environmental history of premodern and early modern East Asia, and she is working on a book manuscript that seeks to explore the environmental changes of Middle Period China from the view of the imperial capital of Kaifeng and Kaifeng's ecological and economical connections with its diverse supplying regions in China and beyond. Her works have been published in several historical journals, and her teaching interests include Chinese history, Tokugawa Japan, early modern global history, environmental history, and the Silk Road. Yiming Ha Yiming Ha is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of History at the University of California, Los Angeles. His current research is on military mobilization and state-building in China between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries, focusing on how military institutions changed over time, how the state responded to these changes, the disconnect between the center and localities, and the broader implications that the military had on the state. His project highlights in particular the role of the Mongol Yuan in introducing an alternative form of military mobilization that radically transformed the Chinese state. He is also interested in military history, nomadic history, comparative Eurasian state-building, and the history of maritime interactions in early modern East Asia. He received his BA from UCLA and his MPhil from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Credits Episode No. 6 Release date: January 12, 2021 Recording location: Chicago, IL/ Los Angeles, CA Transcript Bibliography courtesy of Dr. Yuan Chen Images Map of Kaifeng, c. 1100 (Image Source: West, Spectacle, Ritual, and Social Relations.") Cover Image: City Gate of Kaifeng, as depicted in the Qingming shanghe tu (view full painting here). The famous bridge scene in Qingming shanghe tu (view full painting here).   Supply of timber for the construction of the Yuqing Temple (Image Source: Chen, "China's Song-dynasty Capital of Kaifeng and its Hinterlands."). Reproduced here with permission from author. Please do not cite without permission. Song defensive forest in the north along its border with the Khitan Liao (Image Source: Chen, "Frontier, Fortification, and Forestation") Reproduced here with permission from author. Please do not cite without permission.   Rock formation in Yandang Mountain, as seen today (Image Source). For a map of Northern Song Kaifeng, please see here (map in Chinese). Select Bibliography: Chen, Julian Yuan. "China's Song-dynasty Capital of Kaifeng and its Hinterlands: An Environmental History, 960-1127). PhD. diss. Yale University, 2020. _____. "Frontier, Fortification, and Forestation: Defensive Woodland on the Song–Liao Border in the Long Eleventh Century." Journal of Chinese History Vol. 2, Special Issue 2 (2018): 313-334. Kubota Kazuo. Sōdai Kaifū no Kenkyū [Research on Kaifeng in the Song Dynasty]. Tōkyō: Kyūko shoin, 2007.  Levine, Ari Daniel. “Walls and Gates, Windows and Mirrors: Urban Defences, Cultural Memory, and Security Theatre in Song Kaifeng.” East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 39 (2014): 55–118.  Liu Chunying. Bei Song Dongjing cheng yanjiu [The Eastern Capital of Northern Song]. Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2004.  Schaab-Hanke, Dorothee. Kaifeng Around 1120: Kaifeng Around 1120 The Dongjing Meng Hua Lu by Meng Yuanlao: An Annotated Translation. Großheirath: Ostasien Verlag, 2011.  Tsui, Lik Hang. “Complaining About Lived Spaces: Responses to the Urban Living Environment of Northern Song Kaifeng.” Journal of Chinese History 2.2 (2018): 335-353.  West, Stephen H. “Spectacle, Ritual, and Social Relations: The Son of Heaven, Citizens, and Created Space in Imperial Gardens in the Northern Song.” In Baroque Garden Cultures: Emulation, Sublimation, Subversion, edited by Michel Conan, 291–321. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks, 2005.  Zhou Baozhu. Song dai Dongjing yanjiu [The Eastern Capital of the Song dynasty]. Kaifeng: Henan daxue chubanshe, 1992. 

In 1231, Mongol forces invaded the Korean Peninsula, beginning almost three decades of warfare against the Koryŏ Kingdom. In 1258, the Koryŏ court finally surrendered and the kingdom became a part of the Mongol Empire. King Kwong Wong, an independent scholar who specializes in the relationship between the Mongol-Yuan and Koryŏ, joins us to give a brief look into this fascinating period in Korean history. He will talk about why Koryŏ surrendered to the Mongol-Yuan, how the Mongols integrated Koryŏ into their empire, what that relationship came to look like, and how Koryŏ dealt with the fall of the Mongols in the second half of the fourteenth century. Contributors: King Kwong Wong King Kwong Wong is an independent scholar who received his Master's Degree in Chinese History from the University of Southern California. He is now working as a part-time lecturer at the Hong Kong University's School of Professional and Continuing Education. His research focuses on Koryŏ Korea during the Mongol-Yuan period, and he recently published a paper titled "All Are the Ruler's Domain, but All Are Different: Mongol-Yuan Rule and Koryŏ Sovereignty in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries", which explores how Koryŏ literati viewed the idea of sovereignty and their state's relationship with the Mongol-Yuan. Yiming Ha Yiming Ha is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of History at the University of California, Los Angeles. His current research is on military mobilization and state-building in China between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries, focusing on how military institutions changed over time, how the state responded to these changes, the disconnect between the center and localities, and the broader implications that the military had on the state. His project highlights in particular the role of the Mongol Yuan in introducing an alternative form of military mobilization that radically transformed the Chinese state. He is also interested in military history, nomadic history, comparative Eurasian state-building, and the history of maritime interactions in early modern East Asia. He received his BA from UCLA and his MPhil from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Credits: Episode No. 3 Release date: November 27, 2021 Recording location: Hong Kong, China/Los Angeles, CA Transcript Bibliography courtesy of King Kwong Images Cover Image: Koryŏ noblemen hunting (see full image credits below) Kanghwa Island, where the Koryŏ court fled to in order to escape from the Mongols (Image Source) Painting of Koryŏ noblemen hunting (also titled Crossing the River on Horseback) by Yi Je-hyeon (李齊賢, 1287-1367), currently held in the National Museum of Korea and reproduced here with permission (Image Source) Painting on the Grand Hunting in the Heavenly Mountain by King Kongmin, currently held in the National Museum of Korea and reproduced here with permission (Image Source) Empress Chabi (1225-1281) wearing a gugu hat. The hat is also known as a boghtagh (Image Source). Select Bibliography: Clark, Donald N. “Sino-Korean Tributary Relations under the Ming.” In The Cambridge History of China, vol. 8: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part II, edited by Denis Twitchett and Frederick W. Mote, 272-300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Duncan, John B. The Origins of the Chosŏn Dynasty. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2000. Henthorn, William E. Korea: the Mongol Invasions. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1963. Kim Hodong. Monggol cheguk kwa Koryŏ: K'ubillai chŏngkwŏn ŭi t'ansaeng kwa Koryŏ ŭi chŏngch'ijŏk wisang [The Mongol Empire and Koryŏ: The Rise of Khubilai and the Political Status of Koryŏ]. Seoul: Sŏul taehakkyo ch'ulpanbu, 2007 Lee, Ik-joo. “Trends and Prospects: Historical Studies on Koryŏ-Mongol Relationship in the 13–14th Centuries.” The Review of Korean Studies 19, no. 2 (2016): 15–46. Lee, Jin-han. “The Development of Diplomatic Relations and Trade with Ming in the Last Years of the Koryŏ Dynasty.” International Journal of Korean History 10 (2006): 1-24. Lee, Kang Hahn. “Shifting Political, Legal, and Institutional Borderlines between Koryŏ and the Mongol Yuan Empire.” Seoul Journal of Korean Studies 29, no. 2 (2016): 239–266. Robinson, David M. Empire's Twilight: Northeast Asia under the Mongols. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2009. Shultz, Edward J. Generals and Scholars: Military Rule in Medieval Korea. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2000. Yi Myŏngmi. 13–14-segi Koryŏ-Monggol kwan'gye yŏn'gu: Chŏngdong haengsŏng sŭngsang puma Koryŏ Kugwang, kŭ pokhapchŏk wisang e taehan t'amgu [A Study of Koryŏ-Mongol Relations in the Thirteenth to Fourteenth Centuries: An Exploration of the Complex statuses of the Chief Councilor of the Branch Secretariat for the Eastern Campaign, the Imperial Son-in-Law, and the King of Koryŏ]. Seoul: Hyean, 2016. Yun, Peter I. “Mongols and Western Asian in the Late Koryŏ Ruling Stratum.” International Journal of Korean History 3 (2002): 51-69.

In this episode, Sean talks about some of the new scholarships and perspectives on the famous Zheng He voyages. Zheng He is widely known to history as the eunuch admiral who led several large-scale voyages to Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean. For many Chinese, the story of Zheng He and his travels to the Indian Ocean (鄭和下西洋) is often seen as a symbol of China's friendship and diplomatic and commercial engagement with Southeast Asian, the Indian Ocean, and east African polities. For many in the West, Zheng He's voyages represent a period in time when China dominated the maritime world. But for both Chinese and Western audiences, the end of the voyages in the 1430s marked the end of China's engagement with the maritime world and is often viewed as the Ming's turn towards isolationism. However, new scholarships have emerged challenging this narrative. Sean discusses how these scholarships have led us to reevaluate the Zheng He voyages and what we can learn about the early Ming and early Ming diplomacy from them. Disclaimer: We apologize for some of the audio issues in this episode. A few parts may sound a bit distorted. We're now in the Best 20 Chinese History Podcasts on Feedspot! Check the list out here. Contributors: Sean Cronan Sean Cronan is a Ph.D. student at the University of California, Berkeley. His work focuses on East and Southeast Asian diplomatic encounters from the thirteenth to eighteenth centuries, tracing the development of new shared diplomatic norms following the Mongol conquests of Eurasia, as well as how rulers and scholar-officials in the Ming (1368- 1644) and Qing Dynasties (1644-1911) institutionalized and challenged these new norms. He explores how ideas of multipolarity, regime legitimacy, and the makeup of the interstate order came under debate throughout the Mongol Empire, Ming China, the Qing Empire, Chosŏn Korea, Dai Viet (Northern Vietnam), Japan, the Ayutthaya Kingdom of Thailand, the Pagan Kingdom of Burma, and beyond. He works with sources in Chinese (literary Sinitic), Japanese, Thai, Burmese, Manchu, and Dutch. Yiming Ha Yiming Ha is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of History at the University of California, Los Angeles. His current research is on military mobilization and state-building in China between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries, focusing on how military institutions changed over time, how the state responded to these changes, the disconnect between the center and localities, and the broader implications that the military had on the state. His project highlights in particular the role of the Mongol Yuan in introducing an alternative form of military mobilization that radically transformed the Chinese state. He is also interested in military history, nomadic history, comparative Eurasian state-building, and the history of maritime interactions in early modern East Asia. He received his BA from UCLA and his MPhil from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Credits Episode No. 2 Release date: November 13, 2021 Recording location: Los Angeles/Berkeley, CA Transcript Bibliography courtesy of Sean and Yiming Images Cover Image: Statue of Zheng He in Malacca, Malaysia (Image Source) A map of Zheng He's voyages (Image Source). Zheng He's treasure ship vs. Columbus's ship. Photograph by Lars Plougmann (Image Source). Another model of one of Zheng He's treasure ships. The Hong Kong Science Museum (Image Source). Tribute Giraffe with Attendant 瑞應麒麟圖 (1414) by Shen Du (沈度, 1357–1434), currently held in the National Palace Museum in Taipei (Image Source). Select Bibliography Danjō Hiroshi 檀上寬. Mindai kaikin=chōkō shisutemu to Kai chitsujo 明代海禁=朝貢システムと華夷秩序  [The Ming Maritime Ban = The Tributary System and the Sino-Barbarian Order]. Kyōto: Kyōto Daigaku Gakujutsu Shuppankai, 2013.   Li, Kangying. The Ming Maritime Trade Policy in Transition, 1368 to 1567. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2010.   Lo, Jung-pang. China as a Sea Power, 1127-1368: A Preliminary Survey of the Maritime Expansion and Naval Exploits of the Chinese People. Edited by Bruce A. Elleman. Singapore: NUS Press, 2012.   Sen, Tansen. "The Impact of Zheng He's Expeditions on Indian Ocean Interactions." Bulletin of SOAS, 79, 3 (2016): 609-636   ______. "Zheng He's Military Interventions in South Asia, 1405–1433." China and Asia Vol. 1 (2019): 158-191.   Tsai, Henry Shih-shan. Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2015.   Wade, Geoff. "The Zheng He Voyages: A Reassessment," Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. 78, No. 1 (288) (2005): 37-58.