Podcast appearances and mentions of tom graham

Self knowledge is the most important knowledge. And To know thyself is to know the universe. Do you know the depths of WHO YOU ARE!? Join us to discuss the Ying and Yang of what makes you, YOU, so you may master your inner and outer worlds! Dr. Tom Graham https://www.bookdrtom.com/ dcirish05@gmail.com Rev. Jodi L. Suson-Calhoun www.susonessentials.com 847-738-0242

Join Tom Graham, the CEO and co-Founder of generative AI company Metaphysic, as he dives deep with Kindred Media's Laura Clinton to explore the huge opportunity that this photo-realistic technology enables. A Harvard-trained lawyer turned entrepreneur, Tom is laser-focused on the ethical usage of AI, making Metaphysic a favored partner of the entertainment industry. He is a vocal proponent for government regulation of digital identities, predicting that “Ten years from now or even closer…more than 90% of all of the content that everybody on Earth looks at on their telephones will be AI-generated.”For more information about the potential impact of Generative AI, check out LionTree's AI Market Outlook here (https://forms.microsoft.com/pages/responsepage.aspx?id=DiTqAFurwkGho5p2tjdWkp4V1wSyFz5CtgFJDVP-rgdUNjdTOTRGM1ZGRVpDVkFFQU5LWDZNOFE5NC4u).Find and rate KindredCast on Apple Podcasts or wherever you listen. For more content, follow KindredCast on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook. You can hear our radio show on SiriusXM Business Radio, channel 132 and on United Airlines. And you can find all of Kindred Media's podcasts and subscribe to our daily newsletter, “Take a Break with Kindred Media,” here (https://kindredmedia.com).This podcast is for information purposes only and is not intended as investment advice, an offer or solicitation with respect to the purchase or sale of any security. Securities of any investment funds managed by LionTree are privately offered to selected investors only by means of each such fund's governing documents and related subscription materials. Viewers should not assume that companies identified in this video are representative of all investments made or recommended by LionTree on behalf of each firm's clients. An investment with LionTree is speculative and involves significant risks including the potential loss of all or a substantial portion of invested capital and the lack of liquidity of an investment. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Nothing contained in this video may be relied upon as a guarantee, promise, assurance or a representation as to the future.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Our guest host Tom Graham — the Head of Dolby Vision® Content Enablement — returns for the second installment of our ongoing series, “Conversations with Colorists,” where he discusses the nitty gritty of working as a professional colorist, especially for projects that deliver in Dolby Vision®. Joining the discussion are three of the top colorists working in film & television today — Tony D'Amore, Paul Westerbeck, and Frederik Bokkenhauser, all senior colorists at Picture Shop:https://pictureshop.com/“One thing you have to keep in mind is you still want to help tell the story. If somebody's standing in the kitchen and outside is a window that's really bright, you gotta be careful not to allow that to just blow out and overpower the scene. So it's a lot of shaping. You want to make sure the people aren't focusing on the window or the gardener outside. You've got to get the actress, who's standing in the kitchen, speaking. You gotta help to maintain that.”—Paul Westerbeck, Senior Colorist, Picture ShopLearn more about Dolby Vision® for Content Creators here:https://professional.dolby.com/content-creation/dolby-vision-for-content-creators/Dolby Vision® Training and Certification can be found here:https://prostore.dolby.com/Please subscribe to The Dolby Institute Podcast wherever you get your podcasts.You can also check out the video for this episode.Learn more about the Dolby Institute and check out Dolby.com. Connect with Dolby on Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, or LinkedIn.

Tom Graham is a serial entrepreneur and the CEO of Life Imaging, an imaging center based in Deerfield Beach & Orlando Florida.For more info, visit https://shrimptankpodcast.com/bocaraton/Check us out on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/theshrimptankFollow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/theshrimptank?lang=enCheck out Boca Raton on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/shrimp-tank-boca-raton/

Metaphysic's Tom Graham, Toon2Tango's Jo Daris and Sixteen South's Colin Williams on the impact of artificial intelligence on the TV business; and Warner Bros Discovery's Zia Sands on the latest developments in the Cartoon Network owner's EMEA kids division.

AI-generated media that looks and sounds exactly like the real world will soon permeate our lives. How should we prepare for it? AI developer Tom Graham discusses the extraordinary power of this rapidly advancing technology, demoing cutting-edge examples -- including real-time face swaps and voice cloning -- live from the TED stage. In conversation with head of TED Chris Anderson, Graham digs into the creative potential of this hyperreal content (often referred to as "deepfakes") as well as its risk for exploitation and the new legal rights we'll need in order to maintain control over our photorealistic AI avatars.

It was a tremendous honor & pleasure to interview Richard Rhodes, Pulitzer Prize winning author of The Making of the Atomic BombWe discuss* similarities between AI progress & Manhattan Project (developing a powerful, unprecedented, & potentially apocalyptic technology within an uncertain arms-race situation)* visiting starving former Soviet scientists during fall of Soviet Union* whether Oppenheimer was a spy, & consulting on the Nolan movie* living through WW2 as a child* odds of nuclear war in Ukraine, Taiwan, Pakistan, & North Korea* how the US pulled of such a massive secret wartime scientific & industrial projectWatch on YouTube. Listen on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, or any other podcast platform. Read the full transcript here. Follow me on Twitter for updates on future episodes.Timestamps(0:00:00) - Oppenheimer movie(0:06:22) - Was the bomb inevitable?(0:29:10) - Firebombing vs nuclear vs hydrogen bombs(0:49:44) - Stalin & the Soviet program(1:08:24) - Deterrence, disarmament, North Korea, Taiwan(1:33:12) - Oppenheimer as lab director(1:53:40) - AI progress vs Manhattan Project(1:59:50) - Living through WW2(2:16:45) - Secrecy(2:26:34) - Wisdom & warTranscript(0:00:00) - Oppenheimer movieDwarkesh Patel 0:00:51Today I have the great honor of interviewing Richard Rhodes, who is the Pulitzer Prize-winning author of The Making of the Atomic Bomb, and most recently, the author of Energy, A Human History. I'm really excited about this one. Let's jump in at a current event, which is the fact that there's a new movie about Oppenheimer coming out, which I understand you've been consulted about. What did you think of the trailer? What are your impressions? Richard Rhodes 0:01:22They've really done a good job of things like the Trinity test device, which was the sphere covered with cables of various kinds. I had watched Peaky Blinders, where the actor who's playing Oppenheimer also appeared, and he looked so much like Oppenheimer to start with. Oppenheimer was about six feet tall, he was rail thin, not simply in terms of weight, but in terms of structure. Someone said he could sit in a children's high chair comfortably. But he never weighed more than about 140 pounds and that quality is there in the actor. So who knows? It all depends on how the director decided to tell the story. There are so many aspects of the story that you could never possibly squeeze them into one 2-hour movie. I think that we're waiting for the multi-part series that would really tell a lot more of the story, if not the whole story. But it looks exciting. We'll see. There have been some terrible depictions of Oppenheimer, there've been some terrible depictions of the bomb program. And maybe they'll get this one right. Dwarkesh Patel 0:02:42Yeah, hopefully. It is always great when you get an actor who resembles their role so well. For example, Bryan Cranston who played LBJ, and they have the same physical characteristics of the beady eyes, the big ears. Since we're talking about Oppenheimer, I had one question about him. I understand that there's evidence that's come out that he wasn't directly a communist spy. But is there any possibility that he was leaking information to the Soviets or in some way helping the Soviet program? He was a communist sympathizer, right? Richard Rhodes 0:03:15He had been during the 1930s. But less for the theory than for the practical business of helping Jews escape from Nazi Germany. One of the loves of his life, Jean Tatlock, was also busy working on extracting Jews from Europe during the 30. She was a member of the Communist Party and she, I think, encouraged him to come to meetings. But I don't think there's any possibility whatsoever that he shared information. In fact, he said he read Marx on a train trip between Berkeley and Washington one time and thought it was a bunch of hooey, just ridiculous. He was a very smart man, and he read the book with an eye to its logic, and he didn't think there was much there. He really didn't know anything about human beings and their struggles. He was born into considerable wealth. There were impressionist paintings all over his family apartments in New York City. His father had made a great deal of money cornering the markets on uniform linings for military uniforms during and before the First World War so there was a lot of wealth. I think his income during the war years and before was somewhere around $100,000 a month. And that's a lot of money in the 1930s. So he just lived in his head for most of his early years until he got to Berkeley and discovered that prime students of his were living on cans of god-awful cat food, because they couldn't afford anything else. And once he understood that there was great suffering in the world, he jumped in on it, as he always did when he became interested in something. So all of those things come together. His brother Frank was a member of the party, as was Frank's wife. I think the whole question of Oppenheimer lying to the security people during the Second World War about who approached him and who was trying to get him to sign on to some espionage was primarily an effort to cover up his brother's involvement. Not that his brothers gave away any secrets, I don't think they did. But if the army's security had really understood Frank Oppenheimer's involvement, he probably would have been shipped off to the Aleutians or some other distant place for the duration of the war. And Oppenheimer quite correctly wanted Frank around. He was someone he trusted.(0:06:22) - Was the bomb inevitable?Dwarkesh Patel 0:06:22Let's start talking about The Making of the Bomb. One question I have is — if World War II doesn't happen, is there any possibility that the bomb just never gets developed? Nobody bothers.Richard Rhodes 0:06:34That's really a good question and I've wondered over the years. But the more I look at the sequence of events, the more I think it would have been essentially inevitable, though perhaps not such an accelerated program. The bomb was pushed so hard during the Second World War because we thought the Germans had already started working on one. Nuclear fission had been discovered in Nazi Germany, in Berlin, in 1938, nine months before the beginning of the Second World War in Europe. Technological surveillance was not available during the war. The only way you could find out something was to send in a spy or have a mole or something human. And we didn't have that. So we didn't know where the Germans were, but we knew that the basic physics reaction that could lead to a bomb had been discovered there a year or more before anybody else in the West got started thinking about it. There was that most of all to push the urgency. In your hypothetical there would not have been that urgency. However, as soon as good physicists thought about the reaction that leads to nuclear fission — where a slow room temperature neutron, very little energy, bumps into the nucleus of a uranium-235 atom it would lead to a massive response. Isidore Rabi, one of the great physicists of this era, said it would have been like the moon struck the earth. The reaction was, as physicists say, fiercely exothermic. It puts out a lot more energy than you have to use to get it started. Once they did the numbers on that, and once they figured out how much uranium you would need to have in one place to make a bomb or to make fission get going, and once they were sure that there would be a chain reaction, meaning a couple of neutrons would come out of the reaction from one atom, and those two or three would go on and bump into other Uranium atoms, which would then fission them, and you'd get a geometric exponential. You'd get 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and off of there. For most of our bombs today the initial fission, in 80 generations, leads to a city-busting explosion. And then they had to figure out how much material they would need, and that's something the Germans never really figured out, fortunately for the rest of us. They were still working on the idea that somehow a reactor would be what you would build. When Niels Bohr, the great Danish physicist, escaped from Denmark in 1943 and came to England and then United States, he brought with him a rough sketch that Werner Heisenberg, the leading scientist in the German program, had handed him in the course of trying to find out what Bohr knew about what America was doing. And he showed it to the guys at Los Alamos and Hans Bethe, one of the great Nobel laureate physicists in the group, said — “Are the Germans trying to throw a reactor down on us?” You can make a reactor blow up, we saw that at Chernobyl, but it's not a nuclear explosion on the scale that we're talking about with the bomb. So when a couple of these emigres Jewish physicists from Nazi Germany were whiling away their time in England after they escaped, because they were still technically enemy aliens and therefore could not be introduced to top secret discussions, one of them asked the other — “How much would we need of pure uranium-235, this rare isotope of uranium that chain reacts? How much would we need to make a bomb?” And they did the numbers and they came up with one pound, which was startling to them. Of course, it is more than that. It's about 125 pounds, but that's just a softball. That's not that much material. And then they did the numbers about what it would cost to build a factory to pull this one rare isotope of uranium out of the natural metal, which has several isotopes mixed together. And they figured it wouldn't cost more than it would cost to build a battleship, which is not that much money for a country at war. Certainly the British had plenty of battleships at that point in time. So they put all this together and they wrote a report which they handed through their superior physicists at Manchester University where they were based, who quickly realized how important this was. The United States lagged behind because we were not yet at war, but the British were. London was being bombed in the blitz. So they saw the urgency, first of all, of eating Germany to the punch, second of all of the possibility of building a bomb. In this report, these two scientists wrote that no physical structure came to their minds which could offer protection against a bomb of such ferocious explosive power. This report was from 1940 long before the Manhattan Project even got started. They said in this report, the only way we could think of to protect you against a bomb would be to have a bomb of similar destructive force that could be threatened for use if the other side attacked you. That's deterrence. That's a concept that was developed even before the war began in the United States. You put all those pieces together and you have a situation where you have to build a bomb because whoever builds the first bomb theoretically could prevent you from building more or prevent another country from building any and could dominate the world. And the notion of Adolf Hitler dominating the world, the Third Reich with nuclear weapons, was horrifying. Put all that together and the answer is every country that had the technological infrastructure to even remotely have the possibility of building everything you'd have to build to get the material for a bomb started work on thinking about it as soon as nuclear fusion was announced to the world. France, the Soviet Union, Great Britain, the United States, even Japan. So I think the bomb would have been developed but maybe not so quickly. Dwarkesh Patel 0:14:10In the book you talk that for some reason the Germans thought that the critical mass was something like 10 tons, they had done some miscalculation.Richard Rhodes 0:14:18A reactor. Dwarkesh Patel 0:14:19You also have some interesting stories in the book about how different countries found out the Americans were working on the bomb. For example, the Russians saw that all the top physicists, chemists, and metallurgists were no longer publishing. They had just gone offline and so they figured that something must be going on. I'm not sure if you're aware that while the subject of the Making of the Atomic Bomb in and of itself is incredibly fascinating, this book has become a cult classic in AI. Are you familiar with this? Richard Rhodes 0:14:52No. Dwarkesh Patel 0:14:53The people who are working on AI right now are huge fans of yours. They're the ones who initially recommended the book to me because the way they see the progress in the field reminded them of this book. Because you start off with these initial scientific hints. With deep learning, for example, here's something that can teach itself any function is similar to Szilárd noticing the nuclear chain reaction. In AI there's these scaling laws that say that if you make the model this much bigger, it gets much better at reasoning, at predicting text, and so on. And then you can extrapolate this curve. And you can see we get two more orders of magnitude, and we get to something that looks like human level intelligence. Anyway, a lot of the people who are working in AI have become huge fans of your book because of this reason. They see a lot of analogies in the next few years. They must be at page 400 in their minds of where the Manhattan Project was.Richard Rhodes 0:15:55We must later on talk about unintended consequences. I find the subject absolutely fascinating. I think my next book might be called Unintended Consequences. Dwarkesh Patel 0:16:10You mentioned that a big reason why many of the scientists wanted to work on the bomb, especially the Jewish emigres, was because they're worried about Hitler getting it first. As you mentioned at some point, 1943, 1944, it was becoming obvious that Hitler, the Nazis were not close to the bomb. And I believe that almost none of the scientists quit after they found out that the Nazis weren't close. So why didn't more of them say — “Oh, I guess we were wrong. The Nazis aren't going to get it. We don't need to be working on it.”?Richard Rhodes 0:16:45There was only one who did that, Joseph Rotblat. In May of 1945 when he heard that Germany had been defeated, he packed up and left. General Groves, the imperious Army Corps of Engineers General who ran the entire Manhattan Project, was really upset. He was afraid he'd spill the beans. So he threatened to have him arrested and put in jail. But Rotblat was quite determined not to stay any longer. He was not interested in building bombs to aggrandize the national power of the United States of America, which is perfectly understandable. But why was no one else? Let me tell it in terms of Victor Weisskopf. He was an Austrian theoretical physicist, who, like the others, escaped when the Nazis took over Germany and then Austria and ended up at Los Alamos. Weisskopf wrote later — “There we were in Los Alamos in the midst of the darkest part of our science.” They were working on a weapon of mass destruction, that's pretty dark. He said “Before it had almost seemed like a spiritual quest.” And it's really interesting how different physics was considered before and after the Second World War. Before the war, one of the physicists in America named Louis Alvarez told me when he got his PhD in physics at Berkeley in 1937 and went to cocktail parties, people would ask, “What's your degree in?” He would tell them “Chemistry.” I said, “Louis, why?” He said, “because I don't really have to explain what physics was.” That's how little known this kind of science was at that time. There were only about 1,000 physicists in the whole world in 1900. By the mid-30s, there were a lot more, of course. There'd been a lot of nuclear physics and other kinds of physics done by them. But it was still arcane. And they didn't feel as if they were doing anything mean or dirty or warlike at all. They were just doing pure science. Then nuclear fission came along. It was publicized worldwide. People who've been born since after the Second World War don't realize that it was not a secret at first. The news was published first in a German chemistry journal, Die Naturwissenschaften, and then in the British journal Nature and then in American journals. And there were headlines in the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, the Chicago Tribune, and all over the world. People had been reading about and thinking about how to get energy out of the atomic nucleus for a long time. It was clear there was a lot there. All you had to do was get a piece of radium and see that it glowed in the dark. This chunk of material just sat there, you didn't plug it into a wall. And if you held it in your hand, it would burn you. So where did that energy come from? The physicists realized it all came from the nucleus of the atom, which is a very small part of the whole thing. The nucleus is 1/100,000th the diameter of the whole atom. Someone in England described it as about the size of a fly in a cathedral. All of the energy that's involved in chemical reactions, comes from the electron cloud that's around the nucleus. But  it was clear that the nucleus was the center of powerful forces. But the question was, how do you get them out? The only way that the nucleus had been studied up to 1938 was by bombarding it with protons, which have the same electric charge as the nucleus, positive charge, which means they were repelled by it. So you had to accelerate them to high speeds with various versions of the big machines that we've all become aware of since then. The cyclotron most obviously built in the 30s, but there were others as well. And even then, at best, you could chip a little piece off. You could change an atom one step up or one step down the periodic table. This was the classic transmutation of medieval alchemy sure but it wasn't much, you didn't get much out. So everyone came to think of the nucleus of the atom like a little rock that you really had to hammer hard to get anything to happen with it because it was so small and dense. That's why nuclear fission, with this slow neutron drifting and then the whole thing just goes bang, was so startling to everybody. So startling that when it happened, most of the physicists who would later work on the bomb and others as well, realized that they had missed the reaction that was something they could have staged on a lab bench with the equipment on the shelf. Didn't have to invent anything new. And Louis Alvarez again, this physicist at Berkeley, he said — “I was getting my hair cut. When I read the newspaper, I pulled off the robe and half with my hair cut, ran to my lab, pulled some equipment off the shelf, set it up and there it was.” So he said, “I discovered nuclear fission, but it was two days too late.” And that happened all over. People were just hitting themselves on the head and saying, well, Niels Bohr said, “What fools we've all been.” So this is a good example of how in science, if your model you're working with is wrong it doesn't lead you down the right path. There was only one physicist who really was thinking the right way about the uranium atom and that was Niels Bohr. He wondered, sometime during the 30s, why uranium was the last natural element in the periodic table? What is different about the others that would come later? He visualized the nucleus as a liquid drop. I always like to visualize it as a water-filled balloon. It's wobbly, it's not very stable. The protons in the nucleus are held together by something called the strong force, but they still have the repellent positive electric charge that's trying to push them apart when you get enough of them into a nucleus. It's almost a standoff between the strong force and all the electrical charge. So it is like a wobbly balloon of water. And then you see why a neutron just falling into the nucleus would make it wobble around even more and in one of its configurations, it might take a dumbbell shape. And then you'd have basically two charged atoms just barely connected, trying to push each other apart. And often enough, they went the whole way. When they did that, these two new elements, half the weight of uranium, way down the periodic table, would reconfigure themselves into two separate nuclei. And in doing so, they would release some energy. And that was the energy that came out of the reaction and there was a lot of energy. So Bohr thought about the model in the right way. The chemists who actually discovered nuclear fusion didn't know what they were gonna get. They were just bombarding a solution of uranium nitrate with neutrons thinking, well, maybe we can make a new element, maybe a first man-made element will come out of our work. So when they analyzed the solution after they bombarded it, they found elements halfway down the periodic table. They shouldn't have been there. And they were totally baffled. What is this doing here? Do we contaminate our solution? No. They had been working with a physicist named Lisa Meitner who was a theoretical physicist, an Austrian Jew. She had gotten out of Nazi Germany not long before. But they were still in correspondence with her. So they wrote her a letter. I held that letter in my hand when I visited Berlin and I was in tears. You don't hold history of that scale in your hands very often. And it said in German — “We found this strange reaction in our solution. What are these elements doing there that don't belong there?” And she went for a walk in a little village in Western Sweden with her nephew, Otto Frisch, who was also a nuclear physicist. And they thought about it for a while and they remembered Bohr's model, the wobbly water-filled balloon. And they suddenly saw what could happen. And that's where the news came from, the physics news as opposed to the chemistry news from the guys in Germany that was published in all the Western journals and all the newspapers. And everybody had been talking about, for years, what you could do if you had that kind of energy. A glass of this material would drive the Queen Mary back and forth from New York to London 20 times and so forth, your automobile could run for months. People were thinking about what would be possible if you had that much available energy. And of course, people had thought about reactors. Robert Oppenheimer was a professor at Berkeley and within a week of the news reaching Berkeley, one of his students told me that he had a drawing on the blackboard, a rather bad drawing of both a reactor and a bomb. So again, because the energy was so great, the physics was pretty obvious. Whether it would actually happen depended on some other things like could you make it chain react? But fundamentally, the idea was all there at the very beginning and everybody jumped on it. Dwarkesh Patel 0:27:54The book is actually the best history of World War II I've ever read. It's about the atomic bomb, but it's interspersed with the events that are happening in World War II, which motivate the creation of the bomb or the release of it, why it had to be dropped on Japan given the Japanese response. The first third is about the scientific roots of the physics and it's also the best book I've read about the history of science in the early 20th century and the organization of it. There's some really interesting stuff in there. For example, there was a passage where you talk about how there's a real master apprentice model in early science where if you wanted to learn to do this kind of experimentation, you will go to Amsterdam where the master of it is residing. It's much more individual focused. Richard Rhodes 0:28:58Yeah, the whole European model of graduate study, which is basically the wandering scholar. You could go wherever you wanted to and sign up with whoever was willing to have you sign up. (0:29:10) - Firebombing vs nuclear vs hydrogen bombsDwarkesh Patel 0:29:10But the question I wanted to ask regarding the history you made of World War II in general is — there's one way you can think about the atom bomb which is that it is completely different from any sort of weaponry that has been developed before it. Another way you can think of it is there's a spectrum where on one end you have the thermonuclear bomb, in the middle you have the atom bomb, and on this end you have the firebombing of cities like Hamburg and Dresden and Tokyo. Do you think of these as completely different categories or does it seem like an escalating gradient to you? Richard Rhodes 0:29:47I think until you get to the hydrogen bomb, it's really an escalating gradient. The hydrogen bomb can be made arbitrarily large. The biggest one ever tested was 56 megatons of TNT equivalent. The Soviet tested that. That had a fireball more than five miles in diameter, just the fireball. So that's really an order of magnitude change. But the other one's no and in fact, I think one of the real problems, this has not been much discussed and it should be, when American officials went to Hiroshima and Nagasaki after the war, one of them said later — “I got on a plane in Tokyo. We flew down the long green archipelago of the Japanese home island. When I left Tokyo, it was all gray broken roof tiles from the fire bombing and the other bombings. And then all this greenery. And then when we flew over Hiroshima, it was just gray broken roof tiles again.” So the scale of the bombing with one bomb, in the case of Hiroshima, was not that different from the scale of the fire bombings that had preceded it with tens of thousands of bombs. The difference was it was just one plane. In fact, the people in Hiroshima didn't even bother to go into their bomb shelters because one plane had always just been a weather plane. Coming over to check the weather before the bombers took off. So they didn't see any reason to hide or protect themselves, which was one of the reasons so many people were killed. The guys at Los Alamos had planned on the Japanese being in their bomb shelters. They did everything they could think of to make the bomb as much like ordinary bombing as they could. And for example, it was exploded high enough above ground, roughly 1,800 yards, so that the fireball that would form from this really very small nuclear weapon — by modern standards — 15 kilotons of TNT equivalent, wouldn't touch the ground and stir up dirt and irradiate it and cause massive radioactive fallout. It never did that. They weren't sure there would be any fallout. They thought the plutonium and the bomb over Nagasaki now would just kind of turn into a gas and blow away. That's not exactly what happened. But people don't seem to realize, and it's never been emphasized enough, these first bombs, like all nuclear weapons, were firebombs. Their job was to start mass fires, just exactly like all the six-pound incendiaries that had been destroying every major city in Japan by then. Every major city above 50,000 population had already been burned out. The only reason Hiroshima and Nagasaki were around to be atomic bombed is because they'd been set aside from the target list, because General Groves wanted to know what the damage effects would be. The bomb that was tested in the desert didn't tell you anything. It killed a lot of rabbits, knocked down a lot of cactus, melted some sand, but you couldn't see its effect on buildings and on people. So the bomb was deliberately intended to be as much not like poison gas, for example, because we didn't want the reputation for being like people in the war in Europe during the First World War, where people were killing each other with horrible gasses. We just wanted people to think this was another bombing. So in that sense, it was. Of course, there was radioactivity. And of course, some people were killed by it. But they calculated that the people who would be killed by the irradiation, the neutron radiation from the original fireball, would be close enough to the epicenter of the explosion that they would be killed by the blast or the flash of light, which was 10,000 degrees. The world's worst sunburn. You've seen stories of people walking around with their skin hanging off their arms. I've had sunburns almost that bad, but not over my whole body, obviously, where the skin actually peeled blisters and peels off. That was a sunburn from a 10,000 degree artificial sun. Dwarkesh Patel 0:34:29So that's not the heat, that's just the light? Richard Rhodes 0:34:32Radiant light, radiant heat. 10,000 degrees. But the blast itself only extended out a certain distance, it was fire. And all the nuclear weapons that have ever been designed are basically firebombs. That's important because the military in the United States after the war was not able to figure out how to calculate the effects of this weapon in a reliable way that matched their previous experience. They would only calculate the blast effects of a nuclear weapon when they figured their targets. That's why we had what came to be called overkill. We wanted redundancy, of course, but 60 nuclear weapons on Moscow was way beyond what would be necessary to destroy even that big a city because they were only calculating the blast. But in fact, if you exploded a 300 kiloton nuclear warhead over the Pentagon at 3,000 feet, it would blast all the way out to the capital, which isn't all that far. But if you counted the fire, it would start a mass-fire and then it would reach all the way out to the Beltway and burn everything between the epicenter of the weapon and the Beltway. All organic matter would be totally burned out, leaving nothing but mineral matter, basically. Dwarkesh Patel 0:36:08I want to emphasize two things you said because they really hit me in reading the book and I'm not sure if the audience has fully integrated them. The first is, in the book, the military planners and Groves, they talk about needing to use the bomb sooner rather than later, because they were running out of cities in Japan where there are enough buildings left that it would be worth bombing in the first place, which is insane. An entire country is almost already destroyed from fire bombing alone. And the second thing about the category difference between thermonuclear and atomic bombs. Daniel Ellsberg, the nuclear planner who wrote the Doomsday machine, he talks about, people don't understand that the atom bomb that resulted in the pictures we see of Nagasaki and Hiroshima, that is simply the detonator of a modern nuclear bomb, which is an insane thing to think about. So for example, 10 and 15 kilotons is the Hiroshima Nagasaki and the Tsar Bomba, which was 50 megatons. So more than 1,000 times as much. And that wasn't even as big as they could make it. They kept the uranium tamper off, because they didn't want to destroy all of Siberia. So you could get more than 10,000 times as powerful. Richard Rhodes 0:37:31When Edward Teller, co-inventor of the hydrogen bomb and one of the dark forces in the story, was consulting with our military, just for his own sake, he sat down and calculated, how big could you make a hydrogen bomb? He came up with 1,000 megatons. And then he looked at the effects. 1,000 megatons would be a fireball 10 miles in diameter. And the atmosphere is only 10 miles deep. He figured that it would just be a waste of energy, because it would all blow out into space. Some of it would go laterally, of course, but most of it would just go out into space. So a bomb more than 100 megatons would just be totally a waste of time. Of course, a 100 megatons bomb is also a total waste, because there's no target on Earth big enough to justify that from a military point of view. Robert Oppenheimer, when he had his security clearance questioned and then lifted when he was being punished for having resisted the development of the hydrogen bomb, was asked by the interrogator at this security hearing — “Well, Dr. Oppenheimer, if you'd had a hydrogen bomb for Hiroshima, wouldn't you have used it?” And Oppenheimer said, “No.” The interrogator asked, “Why is that?” He said because the target was too small. I hope that scene is in the film, I'm sure it will be. So after the war, when our bomb planners and some of our scientists went into Hiroshima and Nagasaki, just about as soon as the surrender was signed, what they were interested in was the scale of destruction, of course. And those two cities didn't look that different from the other cities that had been firebombed with small incendiaries and ordinary high explosives. They went home to Washington, the policy makers, with the thought that — “Oh, these bombs are not so destructive after all.” They had been touted as city busters, basically, and they weren't. They didn't completely burn out cities. They were not certainly more destructive than the firebombing campaign, when everything of more than 50,000 population had already been destroyed. That, in turn, influenced the judgment about what we needed to do vis-a-vis the Soviet Union when the Soviets got the bomb in 1949. There was a general sense that, when you could fight a war with nuclear weapons, deterrence or not, you would need quite a few of them to do it right. And the Air Force, once it realized that it could aggrandize its own share of the federal budget by cornering the market and delivering nuclear weapons, very quickly decided that they would only look at the blast effect and not the fire effect. It's like tying one hand behind your back. Most of it was a fire effect. So that's where they came up with numbers like we need 60 of these to take out Moscow. And what the Air Force figured out by the late 1940s is that the more targets, the more bombs. The more bombs, the more planes. The more planes, the biggest share of the budget. So by the mid 1950s, the Air Force commanded 47% of the federal defense budget. And the other branches of services, which had not gone nuclear by then, woke up and said, we'd better find some use for these weapons in our branches of service. So the Army discovered that it needed nuclear weapons, tactical weapons for field use, fired out of cannons. There was even one that was fired out of a shoulder mounted rifle. There was a satchel charge that two men could carry, weighed about 150 pounds, that could be used to dig a ditch so that Soviet tanks couldn't cross into Germany. And of course the Navy by then had been working hard with General Rickover on building a nuclear submarine that could carry ballistic missiles underwater in total security. No way anybody could trace those submarines once they were quiet enough. And a nuclear reactor is very quiet. It just sits there with neutrons running around, making heat. So the other services jumped in and this famous triad, we must have these three different kinds of nuclear weapons, baloney. We would be perfectly safe if we only had our nuclear submarines. And only one or two of those. One nuclear submarine can take out all of Europe or all of the Soviet Union.Dwarkesh Patel 0:42:50Because it has multiple nukes on it? Richard Rhodes 0:42:53Because they have 16 intercontinental ballistic missiles with MIRV warheads, at least three per missile. Dwarkesh Patel 0:43:02Wow. I had a former guest, Richard Hanania, who has a book about foreign policy where he points out that our model of thinking about why countries do the things they do, especially in foreign affairs, is wrong because we think of them as individual rational actors, when in fact it's these competing factions within the government. And in fact, you see this especially in the case of Japan in World War II, there was a great book of Japan leading up to World War II, where they talk about how a branch of the Japanese military, I forget which, needed more oil to continue their campaign in Manchuria so they forced these other branches to escalate. But it's so interesting that the reason we have so many nukes is that the different branches are competing for funding. Richard Rhodes 0:43:50Douhet, the theorist of air power, had been in the trenches in the First World War. Somebody (John Masefield) called the trenches of the First World War, the long grave already dug, because millions of men were killed and the trenches never moved, a foot this way, a foot that way, all this horror. And Douhet came up with the idea that if you could fly over the battlefield to the homeland of the enemy and destroy his capacity to make war, then the people of that country, he theorized, would rise up in rebellion and throw out their leaders and sue for peace. And this became the dream of all the Air Forces of the world, but particularly ours. Until around 1943, it was called the US Army Air Force. The dream of every officer in the Air Force was to get out from under the Army, not just be something that delivers ground support or air support to the Army as it advances, but a power that could actually win wars. And the missing piece had always been the scale of the weaponry they carried. So when the bomb came along, you can see why Curtis LeMay, who ran the strategic air command during the prime years of that force, was pushing for bigger and bigger bombs. Because if a plane got shot down, but the one behind it had a hydrogen bomb, then it would be just almost as effective as the two planes together. So they wanted big bombs. And they went after Oppenheimer because he thought that was a terrible way to go, that there was really no military use for these huge weapons. Furthermore, the United States had more cities than Russia did, than the Soviet Union did. And we were making ourselves a better target by introducing a weapon that could destroy a whole state. I used to live in Connecticut and I saw a map that showed the air pollution that blew up from New York City to Boston. And I thought, well, now if that was fallout, we'd be dead up here in green, lovely Connecticut. That was the scale that it was going to be with these big new weapons. So on the one hand, you had some of the important leaders in the government thinking that these weapons were not the war-winning weapons that the Air Force wanted them and realized they could be. And on the other hand, you had the Air Force cornering the market on nuclear solutions to battles. All because some guy in a trench in World War I was sufficiently horrified and sufficiently theoretical about what was possible with air power. Remember, they were still flying biplanes. When H.G. Wells wrote his novel, The World Set Free in 1913, predicting an atomic war that would lead to world government, he had Air Forces delivering atomic bombs, but he forgot to update his planes. The guys in the back seat, the bombardiers, were sitting in a biplane, open cockpit. And when the pilots had dropped the bomb, they would reach down and pick up H.G. Wells' idea of an atomic bomb and throw it over the side. Which is kind of what was happening in Washington after the war. And it led us to a terribly misleading and unfortunate perspective on how many weapons we needed, which in turn fermented the arms race with the Soviets and just chased off. In the Soviet Union, they had a practical perspective on factories. Every factory was supposed to produce 120% of its target every year. That was considered good Soviet realism. And they did that with their nuclear war weapons. So by the height of the Cold War, they had 75,000 nuclear weapons, and nobody had heard yet of nuclear winter. So if both sides had set off this string of mass traps that we had in our arsenals, it would have been the end of the human world without question. Dwarkesh Patel 0:48:27It raises an interesting question, if the military planners thought that the conventional nuclear weapon was like the fire bombing, would it have been the case that if there wasn't a thermonuclear weapon, that there actually would have been a nuclear war by now because people wouldn't have been thinking of it as this hard red line? Richard Rhodes 0:48:47I don't think so because we're talking about one bomb versus 400, and one plane versus 400 planes and thousands of bombs. That scale was clear. Deterrence was the more important business. Everyone seemed to understand even the spies that the Soviets had connected up to were wholesaling information back to the Soviet Union. There's this comic moment when Truman is sitting with Joseph Stalin at Potsdam, and he tells Stalin, we have a powerful new weapon. And that's as much as he's ready to say about it. And Stalin licks at him and says, “Good, I hope you put it to good use with the Japanese.” Stalin knows exactly what he's talking about. He's seen the design of the fat man type Nagasaki plutonium bomb. He has held it in his hands because they had spies all over the place. (0:49:44) - Stalin & the Soviet programDwarkesh Patel 0:49:44How much longer would it have taken the Soviets to develop the bomb if they didn't have any spies? Richard Rhodes 0:49:49Probably not any longer. Dwarkesh Patel 0:49:51Really? Richard Rhodes 0:49:51When the Soviet Union collapsed in the winter of ‘92, I ran over there as quickly as I could get over there. In this limbo between forming a new kind of government and some of the countries pulling out and becoming independent and so forth, their nuclear scientists, the ones who'd worked on their bombs were free to talk. And I found that out through Yelena Bonner, Andrei Sakharov's widow, who was connected to people I knew. And she said, yeah, come on over. Her secretary, Sasha, who was a geologist about 35 years old became my guide around the country. We went to various apartments. They were retired guys from the bomb program and were living on, as far as I could tell, sac-and-potatoes and some salt. They had government pensions and the money was worth a salt, all of a sudden. I was buying photographs from them, partly because I needed the photographs and partly because 20 bucks was two months' income at that point. So it was easy for me and it helped them. They had first class physicists in the Soviet Union, they do in Russian today. They told me that by 1947, they had a design for a bomb that they said was half the weight and twice the yield of the Fat Man bomb. The Fat Man bomb was the plutonium implosion, right? And it weighed about 9,000 pounds. They had a much smaller and much more deliverable bomb with a yield of about 44 kilotons. Dwarkesh Patel 0:51:41Why was Soviet physics so good?Richard Rhodes 0:51:49The Russian mind? I don't know. They learned all their technology from the French in the 19th century, which is why there's so many French words in Russian. So they got good teachers, the French are superb technicians, they aren't so good at building things, but they're very good at designing things. There's something about Russia, I don't know if it's the language or the education. They do have good education, they did. But I remember asking them when they were working, I said — On the hydrogen bomb, you didn't have any computers yet. We only had really early primitive computers to do the complicated calculations of the hydrodynamics of that explosion. I said, “What did you do?” They said, “Oh, we just used nuclear. We just used theoretical physics.” Which is what we did at Los Alamos. We had guys come in who really knew their math and they would sit there and work it out by hand. And women with old Marchant calculators running numbers. So basically they were just good scientists and they had this new design. Kurchatov who ran the program took Lavrentiy Beria, who ran the NKVD who was put in charge of the program and said — “Look, we can build you a better bomb. You really wanna waste the time to make that much more uranium and plutonium?” And Beria said, “Comrade, I want the American bomb. Give me the American bomb or you and all your families will be camp dust.” I talked to one of the leading scientists in the group and he said, we valued our lives, we valued our families. So we gave them a copy of the plutonium implosion bomb. Dwarkesh Patel 0:53:37Now that you explain this, when the Soviet Union fell, why didn't North Korea, Iran or another country, send a few people to the fallen Soviet Union to recruit a few of the scientists to start their own program? Or buy off their stockpiles or something. Or did they?Richard Rhodes 0:53:59There was some effort by countries in the Middle East to get all the enriched uranium, which they wouldn't sell them. These were responsible scientists. They told me — we worked on the bomb because you had it and we didn't want there to be a monopoly on the part of any country in the world. So patriotically, even though Stalin was in charge of our country, he was a monster. We felt that it was our responsibility to work on these things, even Sakharov. There was a great rush at the end of the Second World War to get hold of German scientists. And about an equal number were grabbed by the Soviets. All of the leading German scientists, like Heisenberg and Hans and others, went west as fast as they could. They didn't want to be captured by the Soviets. But there were some who were. And they helped them work. People have the idea that Los Alamos was where the bomb happened. And it's true that at Los Alamos, we had the team that designed, developed, and built the first actual weapons. But the truth is, the important material for weapons is the uranium or plutonium. One of the scientists in the Manhattan Project told me years later, you can make a pretty high-level nuclear explosion just by taking two subcritical pieces of uranium, putting one on the floor and dropping the other by hand from a height of about six feet. If that's true, then all this business about secret designs and so forth is hogwash. What you really need for a weapon is the critical mass of highly enriched uranium, 90% of uranium-235. If you've got that, there are lots of different ways to make the bomb. We had two totally different ways that we used. The gun on the one hand for uranium, and then because plutonium was so reactive that if you fired up the barrel of a cannon at 3,000 feet per second, it would still melt down before the two pieces made it up. So for that reason, they had to invent an entirely new technology, which was an amazing piece of work. From the Soviet point of view, and I think this is something people don't know either, but it puts the Russian experience into a better context. All the way back in the 30s, since the beginning of the Soviet Union after the First World War, they had been sending over espionage agents connected up to Americans who were willing to work for them to collect industrial technology. They didn't have it when they began their country. It was very much an agricultural country. And in that regard, people still talk about all those damn spies stealing our secrets, we did the same thing with the British back in colonial days. We didn't know how to make a canal that wouldn't drain out through the soil. The British had a certain kind of clay that they would line their canals with, and there were canals all over England, even in the 18th century, that were impervious to the flow of water. And we brought a British engineer at great expense to teach us how to make the lining for the canals that opened up the Middle West and then the West. So they were doing the same thing. And one of those spies was a guy named Harry Gold, who was working all the time for them. He gave them some of the basic technology of Kodak filmmaking, for example. Harry Gold was the connection between David Greenglass and one of the American spies at Los Alamos and the Soviet Union. So it was not different. The model was — never give us something that someone dreamed of that hasn't been tested and you know works. So it would actually be blueprints for factories, not just a patent. And therefore when Beria after the war said, give us the bomb, he meant give me the American bomb because we know that works. I don't trust you guys. Who knows what you'll do. You're probably too stupid anyway. He was that kind of man. So for all of those reasons, they built the second bomb they tested was twice the yield and half the way to the first bomb. In other words, it was their new design. And so it was ours because the technology was something that we knew during the war, but it was too theoretical still to use. You just had to put the core and have a little air gap between the core and the explosives so that the blast wave would have a chance to accelerate through an open gap. And Alvarez couldn't tell me what it was but he said, you can get a lot more destructive force with a hammer if you hit something with it, rather than if you put the head on the hammer and push. And it took me several years before I figured out what he meant. I finally understood he was talking about what's called levitation.Dwarkesh Patel 0:59:41On the topic that the major difficulty in developing a bomb is either the refinement of uranium into U-235 or its transmutation into plutonium, I was actually talking to a physicist in preparation for this conversation. He explained the same thing that if you get two subcritical masses of uranium together, you wouldn't have the full bomb because it would start to tear itself apart without the tamper, but you would still have more than one megaton.Richard Rhodes 1:00:12It would be a few kilotons. Alvarez's model would be a few kilotons, but that's a lot. Dwarkesh Patel 1:00:20Yeah, sorry I meant kiloton. He claimed that one of the reasons why we talk so much about Los Alamos is that at the time the government didn't want other countries to know that if you refine uranium, you've got it. So they were like, oh, we did all this fancy physics work in Los Alamos that you're not gonna get to, so don't even worry about it. I don't know what you make of that theory. That basically it was sort of a way to convince people that Los Alamos was important. Richard Rhodes 1:00:49I think all the physics had been checked out by a lot of different countries by then. It was pretty clear to everybody what you needed to do to get to a bomb. That there was a fast fusion reaction, not a slow fusion reaction, like a reactor. They'd worked that out. So I don't think that's really the problem. But to this day, no one ever talks about the fact that the real problem isn't the design of the weapon. You could make one with wooden boxes if you wanted to. The problem is getting the material. And that's good because it's damned hard to make that stuff. And it's something you can protect. Dwarkesh Patel 1:01:30We also have gotten very lucky, if lucky is the word you want to use. I think you mentioned this in the book at some point, but the laws of physics could have been such that unrefined uranium ore was enough to build a nuclear weapon, right? In some sense, we got lucky that it takes a nation-state level actor to really refine and produce the raw substance. Richard Rhodes 1:01:56Yeah, I was thinking about that this morning on the way over. And all the uranium in the world would already have destroyed itself. Most people have never heard of the living reactors that developed on their own in a bed of uranium ore in Africa about two billion years ago, right? When there was more U-235 in a mass of uranium ore than there is today, because it decays like all radioactive elements. And the French discovered it when they were mining the ore and found this bed that had a totally different set of nuclear characteristics. They were like, what happened? But there were natural reactors in Gabon once upon a time. And they started up because some water, a moderator to make the neutrons slow down, washed its way down through a bed of much more highly enriched uranium ore than we still have today. Maybe 5-10% instead of 3.5 or 1.5, whatever it is now. And they ran for about 100,000 years and then shut themselves down because they had accumulated enough fusion products that the U-235 had been used up. Interestingly, this material never migrated out of the bed of ore. People today who are anti-nuclear say, well, what are we gonna do about the waste? Where are we gonna put all that waste? It's silly. Dwarkesh Patel 1:03:35Shove it in a hole. Richard Rhodes 1:03:36Yeah, basically. That's exactly what we're planning to do. Holes that are deep enough and in beds of material that will hold them long enough for everything to decay back to the original ore. It's not a big problem except politically because nobody wants it in their backyard.Dwarkesh Patel 1:03:53On the topic of the Soviets, one question I had while reading the book was — we negotiated with Stalin at Yalta and we surrendered a large part of Eastern Europe to him under his sphere of influence. And obviously we saw 50 years of immiseration there as a result. Given the fact that only we had the bomb, would it have been possible that we could have just knocked out the Soviet Union or at least prevented so much of the world from succumbing to communism in the aftermath of World War II? Is that a possibility? Richard Rhodes 1:04:30When we say we had the bomb, we had a few partly assembled handmade bombs. It took almost as long to assemble one as the battery life of the batteries that would drive the original charge that would set off the explosion. It was a big bluff. You know, when they closed Berlin in 1948 and we had to supply Berlin by air with coal and food for a whole winter, we moved some B-29s to England. The B-29 being the bomber that had carried the bombs. They were not outfitted for nuclear weapons. They didn't have the same kind of bomb-based structure. The weapons that were dropped in Japan had a single hook that held the entire bomb. So when the bay opened and the hook was released, the thing dropped. And that's very different from dropping whole rows of small bombs that you've seen in the photographs and the film footage. So it was a big bluff on our part. We took some time after the war inevitably to pull everything together. Here was a brand new technology. Here was a brand new weapon. Who was gonna be in charge of it? The military wanted control, Truman wasn't about to give the military control. He'd been an artillery officer in the First World War. He used to say — “No, damn artillery captain is gonna start World War III when I'm president.” I grew up in the same town he lived in so I know his accent. Independence, Missouri. Used to see him at his front steps taking pictures with tourists while he was still president. He used to step out on the porch and let the tourists take photographs. About a half a block from my Methodist church where I went to church. It was interesting. Interestingly, his wife was considered much more socially acceptable than he was. She was from an old family in independence, Missouri. And he was some farmer from way out in Grandview, Missouri, South of Kansas City. Values. Anyway, at the end of the war, there was a great rush from the Soviet side of what was already a zone. There was a Soviet zone, a French zone, British zone and an American zone. Germany was divided up into those zones to grab what's left of the uranium ore that the Germans had stockpiled. And there was evidence that there was a number of barrels of the stuff in a warehouse somewhere in the middle of all of this. And there's a very funny story about how the Russians ran in and grabbed off one site full of uranium ore, this yellow black stuff in what were basically wine barrels. And we at the same night, just before the wall came down between the zones, were running in from the other side, grabbing some other ore and then taking it back to our side. But there was also a good deal of requisitioning of German scientists. And the ones who had gotten away early came West, but there were others who didn't and ended up helping the Soviets. And they were told, look, you help us build the reactors and the uranium separation systems that we need. And we'll let you go home and back to your family, which they did. Early 50s by then, the German scientists who had helped the Russians went home. And I think our people stayed here and brought their families over, I don't know. (1:08:24) - Deterrence, disarmament, North Korea, TaiwanDwarkesh Patel 1:08:24Was there an opportunity after the end of World War II, before the Soviets developed the bomb, for the US to do something where either it somehow enforced a monopoly on having the bomb, or if that wasn't possible, make some sort of credible gesture that, we're eliminating this knowledge, you guys don't work on this, we're all just gonna step back from this. Richard Rhodes 1:08:50We tried both before the war. General Groves, who had the mistaken impression that there was a limited amount of high-grade uranium ore in the world, put together a company that tried to corner the market on all the available supply. For some reason, he didn't realize that a country the size of the Soviet Union is going to have some uranium ore somewhere. And of course it did, in Kazakhstan, rich uranium ore, enough for all the bombs they wanted to build. But he didn't know that, and I frankly don't know why he didn't know that, but I guess uranium's use before the Second World War was basically as a glazing agent for pottery, that famous yellow pottery and orange pottery that people owned in the 1930s, those colors came from uranium, and they're sufficiently radioactive, even to this day, that if you wave a Geiger counter over them, you get some clicks. In fact, there have been places where they've gone in with masks and suits on, grabbed the Mexican pottery and taken it out in a lead-lined case. People have been so worried about it but that was the only use for uranium, to make a particular kind of glass. So once it became clear that there was another use for uranium, a much more important one, Groves tried to corner the world market, and he thought he had. So that was one effort to limit what the Soviet Union could do. Another was to negotiate some kind of agreement between the parties. That was something that really never got off the ground, because the German Secretary of State was an old Southern politician and he didn't trust the Soviets. He went to the first meeting, in Geneva in ‘45 after the war was over, and strutted around and said, well, I got the bomb in my pocket, so let's sit down and talk here. And the Soviet basically said, screw you. We don't care. We're not worried about your bomb. Go home. So that didn't work. Then there was the effort to get the United Nations to start to develop some program of international control. And the program was proposed originally by a committee put together by our State Department that included Robert Oppenheimer, rightly so, because the other members of the committee were industrialists, engineers, government officials, people with various kinds of expertise around the very complicated problems of technology and the science and, of course, the politics, the diplomacy. In a couple of weeks, Oppenheimer taught them the basics of the nuclear physics involved and what he knew about bomb design, which was everything, actually, since he'd run Los Alamos. He was a scientist during the war. And they came up with a plan. People have scoffed ever since at what came to be called the Acheson-Lilienthal plan named after the State Department people. But it's the only plan I think anyone has ever devised that makes real sense as to how you could have international control without a world government. Every country would be open to inspection by any agency that was set up. And the inspections would not be at the convenience of the country. But whenever the inspectors felt they needed to inspect. So what Oppenheimer called an open world. And if you had that, and then if each country then developed its own nuclear industries, nuclear power, medical uses, whatever, then if one country tried clandestinely to begin to build bombs, you would know about it at the time of the next inspection. And then you could try diplomacy. If that didn't work, you could try conventional war. If that wasn't sufficient, then you could start building your bombs too. And at the end of this sequence, which would be long enough, assuming that there were no bombs existing in the world, and the ore was stored in a warehouse somewhere, six months maybe, maybe a year, it would be time for everyone to scale up to deterrence with weapons rather than deterrence without weapons, with only the knowledge. That to me is the answer to the whole thing. And it might have worked. But there were two big problems. One, no country is going to allow a monopoly on a nuclear weapon, at least no major power. So the Russians were not willing to sign on from the beginning. They just couldn't. How could they? We would not have. Two, Sherman assigned a kind of a loudmouth, a wise old Wall Street guy to present this program to the United Nations. And he sat down with Oppenheimer after he and his people had studied and said, where's your army? Somebody starts working on a bomb over there. You've got to go in and take that out, don't you? He said, what would happen if one country started building a bomb? Oppenheimer said, well, that would be an act of war. Meaning then the other countries could begin to escalate as they needed to to protect themselves against one power, trying to overwhelm the rest. Well, Bernard Baruch was the name of the man. He didn't get it. So when he presented his revised version of the Acheson–Lilienthal Plan, which was called the Baruch Plan to the United Nations, he included his army. And he insisted that the United States would not give up its nuclear monopoly until everyone else had signed on. So of course, who's going to sign on to that deal? Dwarkesh Patel 1:15:24I feel he has a point in the sense that — World War II took five years or more. If we find that the Soviets are starting to develop a bomb, it's not like within the six months or a year or whatever, it would take them to start refining the ore. And to the point we found out that they've been refining ore to when we start a war and engage in it, and doing all the diplomacy. By that point, they might already have the bomb. And so we're behind because we dismantled our weapons. We are only starting to develop our weapons once we've exhausted these other avenues. Richard Rhodes 1:16:00Not to develop. Presumably we would have developed. And everybody would have developed anyway. Another way to think of this is as delayed delivery times. Takes about 30 minutes to get an ICBM from Central Missouri to Moscow. That's the time window for doing anything other than starting a nuclear war. So take the warhead off those missiles and move it down the road 10 miles. So then it takes three hours. You've got to put the warhead back on the missiles. If the other side is willing to do this too. And you both can watch and see. We require openness. A word Bohr introduced to this whole thing. In order to make this happen, you can't have secrets. And of course, as time passed on, we developed elaborate surveillance from space, surveillance from planes, and so forth. It would not have worked in 1946 for sure. The surveillance wasn't there. But that system is in place today. The International Atomic Energy Agency has detected systems in air, in space, underwater. They can detect 50 pounds of dynamite exploded in England from Australia with the systems that we have in place. It's technical rather than human resources. But it's there. So it's theoretically possible today to get started on such a program. Except, of course, now, in like 1950, the world is awash in nuclear weapons. Despite the reductions that have occurred since the end of the Cold War, there's still 30,000-40,000 nuclear weapons in the world. Way too many. Dwarkesh Patel 1:18:01Yeah. That's really interesting. What percentage of warheads do you think are accounted for by this organization? If there's 30,000 warheads, what percentage are accounted for? Richard Rhodes 1:18:12All.Dwarkesh Patel 1:18:12Oh. Really?  North Korea doesn't have secrets? Richard Rhodes 1:18:13They're allowed to inspect anywhere without having to ask the government for permission. Dwarkesh Patel 1:18:18But presumably not North Korea or something, right? Richard Rhodes 1:18:21North Korea is an exception. But we keep pretty good track of North Korea needless to say. Dwarkesh Patel 1:18:27Are you surprised with how successful non-proliferation has been? The number of countries with nuclear weapons has not gone up for decades. Given the fact, as you were talking about earlier, it's simply a matter of refining or transmuting uranium. Is it surprising that there aren't more countries that have it?Richard Rhodes 1:18:42That's really an interesting part. Again, a part of the story that most people have never really heard. In the 50s, before the development and signing of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, which was 1968 and it took effect in 1970, a lot of countries that you would never have imagined were working on nuclear weapons. Sweden, Norway, Japan, South Korea. They had the technology. They just didn't have the materials. It was kind of dicey about what you should do. But I interviewed some of the Swedish scientists who worked on their bomb and they said, well, we were just talking about making some tactical

This podcast is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source. We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time. ■Reference Source https://www.ted.com/talks/tom_graham_the_incredible_creativity_of_deepfakes_and_the_worrying_future_of_ai ■Post on this topic (You can get FREE learning materials!) https://englist.me/119-academic-words-reference-from-tom-graham-the-incredible-creativity-of-deepfakes----and-the-worrying-future-of-ai--ted-talk/ ■Youtube Video https://youtu.be/U1LDngKtmsM (All Words) https://youtu.be/ef_TxuX85CY (Advanced Words) https://youtu.be/CFSs8SfaCmE (Quick Look) ■Top Page for Further Materials https://englist.me/ ■SNS (Please follow!)

AI-generated media that looks and sounds exactly like the real world will soon permeate our lives. How should we prepare for it? AI developer Tom Graham discusses the extraordinary power of this rapidly advancing technology, demoing cutting-edge examples -- including real-time face swaps and voice cloning -- live from the TED stage. In conversation with head of TED Chris Anderson, Graham digs into the creative potential of this hyperreal content (often referred to as "deepfakes") as well as its risk for exploitation and the new legal rights we'll need in order to maintain control over our photorealistic AI avatars.

AI-generated media that looks and sounds exactly like the real world will soon permeate our lives. How should we prepare for it? AI developer Tom Graham discusses the extraordinary power of this rapidly advancing technology, demoing cutting-edge examples -- including real-time face swaps and voice cloning -- live from the TED stage. In conversation with head of TED Chris Anderson, Graham digs into the creative potential of this hyperreal content (often referred to as "deepfakes") as well as its risk for exploitation and the new legal rights we'll need in order to maintain control over our photorealistic AI avatars.

AI-generated media that looks and sounds exactly like the real world will soon permeate our lives. How should we prepare for it? AI developer Tom Graham discusses the extraordinary power of this rapidly advancing technology, demoing cutting-edge examples -- including real-time face swaps and voice cloning -- live from the TED stage. In conversation with head of TED Chris Anderson, Graham digs into the creative potential of this hyperreal content (often referred to as "deepfakes") as well as its risk for exploitation and the new legal rights we'll need in order to maintain control over our photorealistic AI avatars.

[PARTENARIAT] Julien Villeret revient sur la conférence TED de Vancouver, largement consacréer à l'IA, à laquelle il a assisté. Les conférences TED sont un événement réservé à un public trié sur le volet qui donne la parole à des innovateurs du monde entier sur des thématiques de pointe. Sans surprise, l'édition 2023 était en grande partie consacrée au thème majeur du moment : l'intelligence artificielle. Présent sur place, Julien Villeret, directeur de l'Innovation d'EDF, raconte comment Greg Brockman, co-fondateur d'OpenAI, a présenté les dernières avancées de chatGPT et notamment sa capacité à interagir avec d'autres services. Tom Graham a discuté avec des Deepfakes en temps réel, soulignant les défis liés à la véracité de l'information. Karen Baker a présenté comment l'IA pouvait servir à traduire le langage des dauphins et ainsi, dans le futur, aider peut-être à communiquer entre espèce humaine et espèces animales. Un spécialiste de l'IA a également souligné l'importance, selon lui, de ne pas freiner le développement de l'IA dans le domaine de la défense, en raison de la nécessité de maintenir un équilibre des forces. La conférence a également abordé le thème du climat et de l'innovation technologique au service de l'environnement, notamment la possibilité de produire de l'énergie dans l'espace, dans le futur. "Bien que certains concepts présentés puissent sembler futuristes, ils témoignent de la volonté d'explorer des idées disruptives pour répondre aux défis actuels", explique

The legal drama over Tom Graham's death would stretch on for years, but, in the end, the Pleasant Valley War closed with Ed Tewksbury probably getting away with murder.

Amber Rose joins Adam one-on-one as she recounts her experiences taking over as the host of ‘Loveline', growing up in South Philly, and stripping at age 15 in order to help support her family. Amber explains that Kanye was a very different person when she dated him and shares some stories from when she worked at McDonald's. The two also discuss Amber's new series ‘College Hill: Celebrity Edition,' where Amber goes to college with other celebrities. PLUGS: Learn more about Tom Graham and Miles Fisher's company ‘Metaphysic' at Metaphysic.ai And follow Metaphysic on TikTok, @DeepTomCruise Watch Amber Rose's series ‘College Hill: Celebrity Edition' airing this year on BET Listen to Amber Rose's new single ‘Surprise Me' wherever you find music And follow Amber on Instagram, @AmberRose THANKS FOR SUPPORTING TODAY'S SPONSORS: BlueNile.com OReillyAuto.com

Adam gives an update on Jay Leno and laughs at the media's reaction to Dave Dameshek asking if the Super Bowl is “a must-win game.” The guys then watch an interview with Carl Sagan from 1996 encouraging people to be skeptical of authority. Next, Adam talks to the CEO and entertainment director of Metaphysic, Tom Graham and Miles Fisher. They talk about the ethics of deepfakes and the future of AI. PLUGS: Learn more about Tom Graham and Miles Fisher's company ‘Metaphysic' at Metaphysic.ai And follow Metaphysic on TikTok, @DeepTomCruise Watch Amber Rose's series ‘College Hill: Celebrity Edition' airing this year on BET Listen to Amber Rose's new single ‘Surprise Me' wherever you find music And follow Amber on Instagram, @AmberRose THANKS FOR SUPPORTING TODAY'S SPONSORS: BlueNile.com OReillyAuto.com

Imagine being told that you were in the wrong warm up ring just because you were riding a native pony. This is what happened to Sarah Vousden as she warmed up for her Advanced Medium test on her traditional cob. Many of us would let this scare and intimidate us but not Sarah who thrives on feeling like the under-dog.  So what does it take to train a hairy traditional cob called Harley and a sharp and very spooky connie called George to PSG level? According to Sarah, determination, the right mindset and the tenacity to keep going. After feeling disappointed with consistently low marks at elementary, Sarah recognised that she had to change her mindset and not be disappointed with the scores, because the horses were doing the best that they could. But that didn't mean that they couldn't progress up the levels and after a conversation with her coach Tom Graham they decided to focus on training the movements and see where they got too. And that's how Sarah found herself wearing tails and dancing her way down the centre line at PSG level. Happy listening, we hope you come away feeling as inspired as we did! Topics include: British Dressage Training for Prix St George level Overcoming confidence issues Horses are meant to be fun Not everyone needs a flashy warmblood horse to do dressage Changing your mindset www.equiteam.co.uk                

On today's HEALING 101, I am speaking to Dr. Tom Graham, a counselling psychologist and CBT therapist at Oxford Health Specialist Psychological Intervention Center. Many of you might have heard of the term CBT, but not a lot of people actually know what it is. I thought it was important for Dr. Graham to come on to the podcast to explain CBT in simple terms and how it can help manage many mental health disorders by changing the way you think and behave. The examples he uses a brilliant and I think will resonate with a lot of you.Find Dr Tom Graham: https://slam.nhs.uk/experts/?consultant=418&letter=GTwitter: https://twitter.com/drtomgrahamFollow Hurt to Healing on Instagram:@hurttohealingpodA big thank you our wonderful charity partner Shout. Shout is the UK's first 24/7 mental health text support service so if you're struggling or in need of someone to talk to, please remember to text Shout to 85258. Thank you to our corporate supporter, Brown Advisory, a global investment management firm which is passionate about raising awareness of mental health challenges in order to help people thrive in an ever-changing world. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

I'm joined by visual FX and AI expert Chris Ume and serial entrepreneur Tom Graham who founded a company called Metaphysic ahead of the semi finals of America's Got Talent.

Dr. Davis talks with the new Dean for the School of Education, Dr. Tom Graham, and his wife, Mrs. Cherie Graham, the new Executive assistant in the Executive Office.Read Maranatha's press release regarding Dr. Graham's hire here. 

Tom's bio:Based in London, prior to Metaphysic, Tom founded OmniSci (previously MapD), the world's fastest database and first GPU in-memory analytics engine backed by Tiger Global, NEA, in-Q-Tel, NVIDIA and Google. He is co-founder of Codec.ai, a content marketing analytics tool used by Redbull, Unilever, L'Oreal, Nestle and more. --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/crypto-hipster-podcast/support

On today's show, Tom Graham, CEO and co-founder of Metaphysic, takes a look at life in the metaverse.Read the full story here.This episode is sponsored by Kava and BCB Group.This episode was edited & produced by Adrian Blust with original music by Adrian Blust & Colin Mealey-Kava lets you mint stablecoins, lend, borrow, earn and swap safely across the world's biggest crypto assets. Connect to the world's largest cryptocurrencies, ecosystems and financial applications on DeFi's most trusted, scalable and secure earning platform with kava.io.-BCB Group is the leading business banking partner for the digital assets industry. We provide the rails to move money and a gateway for crypto to FX markets at scale. Our mission is to connect and bank the global crypto industry. Find out more by visiting bcbgroup.com/coindesk.-Consensus 2022, the industry's most influential event, is happening June 9–12 in Austin, TX. If you're looking to immerse yourself in the fast-moving world of crypto, Web 3 and NFTs, this is the festival experience for you. Use code MarketsDaily15 to get 15% off your pass at www.coindesk.com/consensus2022.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

In this episode of the DIVI Crypto Podcast, we are talking with Tom Graham, Co-founder and CEO of Metaphysic. Metaphysic builds the hyperreal metaverse, with AI created content and web3 infrastructure to make a hyperreal metaverse owned by users. We launched the first community--Synthetic Futures--dedicated to ethical synthetic media and the future of reality created with machines. We are also world leaders in creating AI generated content that looks real, building software to automate AI content creation, and work with the world's most innovative creators on impossible projects. The mission of Metaphysic is to endow people by putting them at the center of the engulfing content economies that will set the foundation for how we use the internet in the future. In building AI content generation tools and infrastructure to allow users to own and control their biometric data, Metaphysic builds towards an ethical web3 economy in which each internet user can access the limitless potential of the hyperreal metaverse. Synthetic media is the catch-all term for the quickly enlarging universe of digital objects and experiences created with positioning from artificial intelligence. Hyperreal are videos that are very realistic and often difficult to tell apart from digital content captured on cameras. Over the last few decades, the cost of for computer power has dropped, over half of the people on the planet have come online, the use of artificial intelligence in phones, cars, gadgets, and video games is now a commonplace, and breakthroughs in the evolution of AR and VR have made these technologies readily available to the general population. Metaphysic is building the AI technologies for avatars, NFTs, Hollywood movies, as well as innovative advertising. These technologies assist creators and companies move to generate hyperreal experiences and identities that people will be able to love and deeply connect with. The metaverse is often tied to the terms VR and AR, as these technologies permit users to fully immerse themselves in a 3D environment, where users interact with each other, play games, and build communities. Despite this, many still interact in a 2D environment. Despite much of this progress, it will take time for 3D engines, internet bandwidth, computer resources, along with consumer hardware to be able to emulate a world like in the film “Ready Player One.” It should also be noted that monumental effort is needed to establish ethical, legal, and economic norms to ensure that the livelihoods, privacy, and online experience of creators and users are protected from abuse. Site: http://metaphysic.ai/ TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@deeptomcruise Twitter: https://twitter.com/Metaphysic_ai Discord: https://discord.gg/5vshCNWTuw Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/metaphysic.ai/ Github: https://github.com/Metaphysic-ai LinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/company/metaphysic-ai/ YouYube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UClbSYyDnUCa6NzLjLqPdMoA -- DIVI is creating the world's first closed-loop, vertically-integrated cryptocurrency ecosystem. Much like Apple's ecosystem is anchored by iCloud, the DIVI Project blockchain serves as the core of the DIVI network of technologies. Thanks to a keen understanding of the divide that separates the mainstream from the crypto world, the DIVI team is able to create solutions to the industry's biggest problem: adoption by non-technical users. DIVI's user-friendly, one-click solutions aim to bring blockchain-based payments into modernity with great UX. In this podcast, we will cover all aspects of cryptocurrency, hot topics, and technology as worldwide adoption grows.

On this episode of the Post Podcast, Hays Chamber vice president of marketing and communications, along with Advisory Council chair Tom Graham share details of the upcoming Street Dance scheduled for June 17.

Tom's bio:Based in London, prior to Metaphysic, Tom founded OmniSci (previously MapD), the world's fastest database and first GPU in-memory analytics engine backed by Tiger Global, NEA, in-Q-Tel, NVIDIA and Google. He is co-founder of Codec.ai, a content marketing analytics tool used by Redbull, Unilever, L'Oreal, Nestle and more. Managing Hyper-Real Likeness in the Metaverse, Tom Graham About Metaphysic Our mission is to empower individuals by putting them at the center of the immersive content economies that will define how we use the internet in the future. By building AI content generation tools and infrastructure that lets users own and control their biometric data, we are building towards an ethical web3 economy where every internet user can access the limitless potential of the hyperreal metaverse. Our project lead speaks about #Hyperreal Synthetic media for the #metaverse in @NFTLAlive. EAO (@EAONFT) March 30, 2022 Jamil Hasan is a crypto and blockchain focused podcast host at the Irish Tech News and spearheads our weekend content “The Crypto Corner” where he interviews founders, entrepreneurs and global thought leaders. Prior to his endeavors into the crypto-verse in July 2017, Jamil built an impressive career as a data, operations, financial, technology and business analyst and manager in Corporate America, including twelve years at American International Group and its related companies. Since entering the crypto universe, Jamil has been an advisor, entrepreneur, investor and author. His books “Blockchain Ethics: A Bridge to Abundance” (2018) and “Re-Generation X” (2020) not only discuss the benefits of blockchain technology, but also capture Jamil's experience on how he has transitioned from being a loyal yet downsized former corporate employee to a self sovereign individual. With over one hundred podcasts under his belt since he joined our team in February 2021, and with four years of experience both managing his own crypto portfolio and providing crypto guidance and counsel to select clients, Jamil continues to seek opportunities to help others navigate this still nascent industry. Jamil's primary focus outside of podcast hosting is helping former corporate employees gain the necessary skills and vision to build their own crypto portfolios and create wealth for the long-term. See more podcasts here. More about Irish Tech News Irish Tech News are Ireland's No. 1 Online Tech Publication and often Ireland's No.1 Tech Podcast too. You can find hundreds of fantastic previous episodes and subscribe using whatever platform you like via our Anchor.fm page here: If you'd like to be featured in an upcoming Podcast email us at Simon@IrishTechNews.ie now to discuss. Irish Tech News have a range of services available to help promote your business. Why not drop us a line at Info@IrishTechNews.ie now to find out more about how we can help you reach our audience. You can also find and follow us on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok and Snapchat.

Tom's bio:Based in London, prior to Metaphysic, Tom founded OmniSci (previously MapD), the world's fastest database and first GPU in-memory analytics engine backed by Tiger Global, NEA, in-Q-Tel, NVIDIA and Google. He is co-founder of Codec.ai, a content marketing analytics tool used by Redbull, Unilever, L'Oreal, Nestle and more. Jamil Hasan is a crypto and blockchain focused podcast host at the Irish Tech News and spearheads our weekend content “The Crypto Corner” where he interviews founders, entrepreneurs and global thought leaders. Prior to his endeavors into the crypto-verse in July 2017, Jamil built an impressive career as a data, operations, financial, technology and business analyst and manager in Corporate America, including twelve years at American International Group and its related companies. Since entering the crypto universe, Jamil has been an advisor, entrepreneur, investor and author. His books “Blockchain Ethics: A Bridge to Abundance” (2018) and “Re-Generation X” (2020) not only discuss the benefits of blockchain technology, but also capture Jamil's experience on how he has transitioned from being a loyal yet downsized former corporate employee to a self sovereign individual. With over one hundred podcasts under his belt since he joined our team in February 2021, and with four years of experience both managing his own crypto portfolio and providing crypto guidance and counsel to select clients, Jamil continues to seek opportunities to help others navigate this still nascent industry. Jamil's primary focus outside of podcast hosting is helping former corporate employees gain the necessary skills and vision to build their own crypto portfolios and create wealth for the long-term.

Our guest host this week, Tom Graham, is joined by some of the top colorists working today to have a roundtable discussion about HDR workflows and working in Dolby Vision®. This is a passionate conversation, with lots of technical detail, which highlights why so many of these artists are so excited to be working with these new tools available to them. "We've had the ability to have bright TVs for the longest time, right? That's only a part of the equation. I think what's most exciting to me about the HDR conversation, particularly about the Dolby Vision workflow, is the conversation about better images, better data. More of it. And that includes wider color. That includes more intelligent tone mapping, that includes the ability to better represent artists' intent throughout the entire pipeline, no matter where that image is going to show up." — Robbie Carman, Lead Colorist & Partner, DC Color Many thanks to this week's guests: Robbie Carman — https://dccolor.com/about/ (https://dccolor.com/about/) Joey D'Anna — https://dccolor.com/about/ (https://dccolor.com/about/) Dan Moran — https://www.danmorancolour.com/ (https://www.danmorancolour.com/) Patrick Inhofer — https://mixinglight.com/author/patrick-inhofer/ (https://mixinglight.com/author/patrick-inhofer/) Learn more about Dolby Vision® for Content Creators here: https://professional.dolby.com/content-creation/dolby-vision-for-content-creators/ (https://professional.dolby.com/content-creation/dolby-vision-for-content-creators/) Dolby Vision® Training and Certification can be found here: https://prostore.dolby.com/ (https://prostore.dolby.com/) To learn more about Mixing Light, check out: https://mixinglight.com/ (https://mixinglight.com/) Please subscribe to Sound + Image Lab: The Dolby Institute Podcast https://linktr.ee/dolbyinstitute (wherever you get your podcasts). You can also check out the https://youtube.com/dolby (video) for this episode. Learn more about the https://www.dolby.com/institute/ (Dolby Institute) and check out https://www.dolby.com/ (Dolby.com). Connect with Dolby on https://www.instagram.com/dolbylabs/ (Instagram), https://twitter.com/Dolby (Twitter), https://www.facebook.com/Dolby/ (Facebook), or https://www.linkedin.com/company/6229/ (LinkedIn). 

On this episode of the Welcome to the Metaverse podcast, I chat to the creators behind the incredible deep fake of Tom Cruise, which went viral last year. We talk about how deep fakes are made and their role in the future of a hyperreal metaverse. Click here to check out the viral video. The team behind its creation are a company called Metaphysic, who build AI models and software to automate hyperreal synthetic content creation at internet scale. They produce the world's most sophisticated and well-known AI-generated content that is indistinguishable from footage shot with a camera. In this episode I chat to the excellent Tom Graham, CEO and Co-founder of Metaphysic. This is one you don't want to miss! ======================= This podcast is sponsored by the awesome Everyrealm (previously Republic Realm) who are a leader in metaverse innovation, investment, and NFTs. They are among the largest owners of digital real estate NFTs in Decentraland, The Sandbox and Axie Infinity to name just a few. They're also the creators of the Fantasy Islands metaverse NFT project, the ultra-luxury metaverse destination and community in The Sandbox and beyond. They've also just launched their luxury digital wearables as part of the collection, designed by The Fabricant. And recently they also dropped their collection of GFTs in partnership with Atari, one of the world's most iconic brands - it's a collection designed for gifting or of course you could keep your GFT for yourself. You can find out more about what they are up to at everyrealm.com, join their substack newsletter with updates about the wider metaverse here realmroundup.substack.com and follow on twitter https://www.twitter.com/everyrealm and discord here discord.gg/ntSaG8b9sW ======================= Metaphysic Links : Website : https://metaphysic.ai/ Contact : info@metaphysic.ai Twitter : https://twitter.com/Metaphysic_ai Tom Graham (CEO and Co-Founder) : tom@metaphysic.ai https://twitter.com/tomgtgraham https://www.linkedin.com/in/tomgtgraham/ Chris Ume (Co-Founder) https://www.instagram.com/vfxchrisume/ DeepTomCruise on TikTok : https://www.tiktok.com/@deeptomcruise ======================= My links : Twitter : https://twitter.com/metaverseluke Email : metaversepod@gmail.com Consultancy : www.wagmi-agency.com To join my weekly NFT drops and metaverse newsletter, head to metaverseluke.substack.com ======================= Everyrealm's Links Twitter : https://www.twitter.com/everyrealm Discord : discord.gg/ntSaG8b9sW Substack : realmroundup.substack.com Website https://www.everyrealm.com =======================

In this episode, Tom shares his experience with having a dual kidney, pancreas transplant and how it has changed his life for the better. To sign up to be a buddy with the Pre to Post Transplant Foundation, visit www.pretopost.org To leave any comments or suggestions, or to be a guest on the show, please visit www.pretopostTX.com 

This week we are listening to the last exhortation given by Bro. Tom Graham titled ”The Joy of the Kingdom" that was given at the Thousand Oaks Ecclesia on August 15, 2021. We hope this strengthens your Faith and brightens your day! Thank you for listening, God bless, and talk to you next week. Send talk suggestions or comments to: GoodChristadelphianTalks@gmail.com For Show Notes, visit our website: Anchor.fm/GCT Social Media: Facebook | Instagram | Twitter

About Tom Graham and Life Imaging FLA: I am so happy to be involved with an opportunity that truly makes a difference and can absolutely saves lives thru preventative screening for the early detection of the two biggest killers of humans on the planet, Heart Disease & Cancer using state of the art low dose ct scanning with 98% accuracy. Early Detection Saves Lives!!!!!! Life Imaging Fla is an imaging center based in Deerfield Beach, Florida. The facility serves all of South Florida with advanced early detection of heart disease and cancer, and a wide range of other serious illnesses and health conditions affecting vital organs. As the only dedicated preventive care center in South Florida, Life Imaging Fla serves over 7 million residents of the region. Heart disease and cancer are the two leading causes of death in the world, and the team works with patients to assess their risk and make early diagnoses that could save their lives. Life Imaging Fla offers low-dose CT scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. These scans are incredibly detailed. The tests are also painless, quick, and don't take much preparation and do not require dyes or contrast. Life Imaging Fla works with licensed radiologists who read and interpret the scans. They can also refer patients to experienced cardiologists if needed, should test results indicate that medical treatment may be necessary for conditions like chest pain, hypertension, and heart attack. For those who have concerns about or predispositions for heart disease or cancer, the tests available at Life Imaging Fla could be life-saving. To schedule an appointment, call the office or request an appointment online today. Peace of mind through prevention is the best way!

This week Jason Fishman speaks with Tom Graham, CEO & Founder of Life Imaging. Tom walks us through how he was able to Test, Optimize, and Scale his businesses.  Life Imaging Fla is an imaging center based in Deerfield Beach, Florida. The facility serves all of South Florida with advanced early detection of heart disease and cancer, and a wide range of other serious illnesses and health conditions affecting vital organs. As the only dedicated preventive care center in South Florida, Life Imaging Fla serves over 7 million residents of the region. Heart disease and cancer are the two leading causes of death in the world, and the team works with patients to assess their risk and make early diagnoses that could save their lives. Life Imaging Fla offers low-dose CT scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. These scans are incredibly detailed. The tests are also painless, quick, and don't take much preparation and do not require dyes or contrast. Life Imaging Fla works with licensed radiologists who read and interpret the scans and can answer patient questions. They can also refer patients to experienced cardiologists if needed, should test results indicate that medical treatment may be necessary for conditions like chest pain, hypertension, and heart attack.   For more episodes and information, visit us at https://www.digitalnicheagency.com/media Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast... Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4zS5V79... Stitcher: https://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=524781...   Follow Digital Niche Agency on Socials for Up To Date Marketing Expertise and Insights Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/digitalniche... Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/digi... Instagram: DNA - Digital Niche Agency (@digitalnicheagency) • Instagram photos and videos. Twitter: https://twitter.com/DNAgency_CA YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDlz...

Today I'm joined Tom Graham – Technical Project Manager at Aristocrat We discuss his over 80 shipped game titles, his time teaching at Full Sail University, and our dominance as a cornhole team! His credits include: Ra's Awakening Yoplait Strawberry Shortcake Little Caesars Energizer and MANY More! Be sure to join us LIVE every Wednesday night at 7pm Eastern using the link below! JOIN US LIVE▹ https://www.twitch.tv/jamesondurall JOIN THE DEV TEAM DISCORD▹ https://discord.gg/2vQH9rE JAMESON'S PODCAST▹https://anchor.fm/jamesondurall/ JAMESON'S YOUTUBE▹ https://www.youtube.com/jamesondurall JAMESON'S TWITTER▹ https://twitter.com/jamesondurall JAMESON'S INSTAGRAM▹ https://www.instagram.com/jamesondurall/ #GameDev #GameDesign #Production #ProjectManagement --- Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/jamesondurall/support

On this week's Castle Hill Cricket Chat podcast we take a slightly different angle in and around club cricket when welcoming our next guest to the show; Tom Graham from Slaithwaite. Tom has been a key component at Slaithwaite for a decade now; starting as someone who plays just as much in the seconds as in the firsts. He's someone who has had to step up on countless occasions to serve his club well. But he's just as important off the field as chairman of the committee to oversee the good work that many cricketers take completely for granted. He makes sure all the gears, cogs and elements are all working in good order, like some kind of cricketing battleship. On the pitch, as we approach the halfway point of the season Moorlands made a big statement in their Byrom Shield by inflicting a first home defeat on Hoylandswaine in the most dramatic of circumstances. We discussed this and many more matches from the Premiership to the Conference from the weekend. The T20 group stages drew to a conclusion too so we have a quick peek at what's next in store for the top two teams in each group.

Life Imaging FLa is the only dedicated preventive center in South Florida. We serve the needs of over 7 million Floridians in all of South Florida. We detect over 100 diseases and many forms of cancer to help save lives. At Life Imaging Fla we can detect some diseases up to a decade before symptoms occur. Give yourself the advantage of our fast, accurate and painless screening. Life Imaging Fla has one of the world's fastest & most accurate heart screening capability Life Imaging Fla is the only dedicated preventive center in South Florida. We serve the needs of over 7 million Floridians in all of South Florida. We detect over 100 diseases and many forms of cancer to help save lives. At Life Imaging Fla we can detect some diseases up to a decade before symptoms occur. Give yourself the advantage of our fast, accurate and painless screening. Low Dose GE CT Scanner 98% Accurate Heart Scans Heart Scan under 5 minutes Non-Invasive It is Life Imaging FLA's mission is to educate and provide an affordable early detection system for the two deadliest diseases known to mankind, heart disease and cancer sometimes up to two decades before symptoms even occur. Life imaging FLA currently has a very successful fundraising campaign going on at Start Engine. Please check out the fund raising campaign at StartEngine --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Life Imaging FLa is the only dedicated preventive center in South Florida. We serve the needs of over 7 million Floridians in all of South Florida. We detect over 100 diseases and many forms of cancer to help save lives. At Life Imaging Fla we can detect some diseases up to a decade before symptoms occur. Give yourself the advantage of our fast, accurate and painless screening. Life Imaging Fla has one of the world's fastest & most accurate heart screening capability Life Imaging Fla is the only dedicated preventive center in South Florida. We serve the needs of over 7 million Floridians in all of South Florida. We detect over 100 diseases and many forms of cancer to help save lives. At Life Imaging Fla we can detect some diseases up to a decade before symptoms occur. Give yourself the advantage of our fast, accurate and painless screening. Low Dose GE CT Scanner 98% Accurate Heart Scans Heart Scan under 5 minutes Non-Invasive It is Life Imaging FLA's mission is to educate and provide an affordable early detection system for the two deadliest diseases known to mankind, heart disease and cancer sometimes up to two decades before symptoms even occur.LIfe imaging FLA currently has a very successful fundraising campaign going on at Start Engine. Please check out the fund raising campaign at https://www.startengine.com/life-scan?utm_source=startengine&utm_medium=main_website&utm_campaign=search --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

Tom Graham is this week's guest on Business Without Bullsh-t. With a CV length stretching from London to a small Cheese shop in Paris, Tom's career legacy really is something.He's the Founder of several successful tech companies, was a Managing Partner at TLDR, a leading crypto advisory firm, a qualified Lawyer who lived and practiced in China speaking fluent Chinese, and was a Visiting Scholar at Harvard Law School.Tom's wealth of knowledge and caliber of thought took the conversation to some fascinating and insightful depths covering a range of topics including the world of DeFi, the impact of Cryptocurrency and how it's becoming Gold 2.0, why Food and Energy Security are the next spaces to be looking at for future projects and why world governments must step in and start working with social networks to regulate the dissemination of false information to protect the health of society. And that's just this week's dose

In the spring and summer of 2020, there were plenty of stories about professionals and teams rallying to get their jobs done while working remotely, in some cases even going above and beyond to achieve levels of performance that no one would have thought possible. As the pandemic stretches on, and reaches a second wave or additional shutdowns, widespread fatigue is starting to set in. In this conversation, Tom tells Host Philip Ideson: How to be an effective leader while moving from an operational focus to one based on preserving and fostering employee engagement The social and lifestyle differences between employees that have been exacerbated and highlighted by the need to work from home in varied personal circumstances The critical role that authenticity and trust play in building professional relationships that are strong enough to overcome situations when people are not okay

The draft hopeful and son of former Hawk and Tiger Mark Graham, gives us an insight into his football journey

A lot of things have changed as a result of the coronavirus pandemic, not the least of which has been procurement and supply chain teams being thrust into the spotlight in very challenging conditions. As an Executive Search Consultant, Tom Graham has naturally been focused on how this increased exposure has impacted leaders, individual contributors, and entire teams. Since the lockdowns began, Tom has been holding regular, virtual roundtables with Chief Procurement Officers and Chief Supply Chain Officers to discuss everything from crisis management to planning for the new normal. Their observations and perspectives on next steps have evolved with the status of the crisis, and as businesses begin to open back up, the time is drawing near to start acting on those ideas.  In this interview, Tom shares what he has seen and heard and what he expects to see next as the world continues to adapt to the new normal:  Why he expects the initial transition period to be so difficult for companies that are in the process of bringing their operations back online Why natural leaders have been less impacted by our current virtual ‘working from home’ situation than people might have expected One of the best techniques he has seen in practice for finding a solution to a highly complex problem and making it very easy and straightforward for others in the enterprise to support

In 2019, Vladimir Putin masterfully played a weak hand. He saw an opening: the U.S. was distracted by impeachment, NATO was in the doldrums, Britain was pointing inward with Brexit, and when we weren’t looking, Russia displaced us in Syria, as its ties to China and other countries strengthened. Russia expert Tom Graham tells Jim Zirin that Russia will never become a liberal democracy, and argues for a “pragmatic approach” to manage an increasingly difficult relationship.

In this episode: - (3:20) Two Quacks go to two defensive rookies - (9:13) We recap the last two weeks for every defensive Duck player - (35:40) Kenjon Barner is living his best life in the ATL - (43:15) Royce Freeman has underwhelmed the last few weeks - (50:51) Duck of the Date: Tom Graham (no, not Thomas Graham Jr.) - (1:02:30) Pro Duck Prospect: What is going on with Justin Herbert? --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/produckspodcast/support

Author of the best-selling book The Genius of the Poor and founder of Mad Travel, Tom Graham, ditched his suit and tie, and decided to live and work with the poor communities of Gawad Kalinga. There, he discovered the genius of the Filipino people and fell in love with the country.

This episode discussed the one type of ownership that is your #1 competitive advantage which simply can never be eliminated. Episode #515 is dedicated to the memory of the late Tom Graham. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/coachbrupodcast/message

What do a former slum area and an island paradise have in common? Tom says they both may just change your life. Tom Graham (founder of MAD Travel and author of The Genius of the Poor) flew from London to Manila on a short-term journalism assignment. Instead he found himself up and down the Philippines in search of meaning and purpose. In his search, he stumbled upon some beautiful, interesting, and unsuspecting destinations. On this episode of In Good Company, Tom shares a list of places that helped him find meaning and purpose, and ultimately changed his life. Will they change your life, too? That’s up to you.

Social entrepreneurs Reese Fernandez-Ruiz (founder of Rags2Riches & Things That Matter) and Tom Graham (founder of MAD Travel and author of The Genius of the Poor) have built their business out of doing good. Their stories, as featured in our previous episodes, have earned some recognition and have inspired others to follow in their footsteps. This might lead to you to think of social entrepreneurship as a high-hanging fruit. One that you either cannot possibly reach or that you should be praised for reaching. They tell us how it’s not just there to make you feel good, but how it’s not all about radical decisions and sacrifices either.   In this episode, our hosts list 5 myths and misconceptions about social entrepreneurship and doing good. Among other things, they discuss: The proper motivations for doing good Using the time, skills, and resources you already have to help make change “The entitlement of the giver” The perceived perfection of social entrepreneurs

  Tom Graham is a public speaker, author, and social entrepreneur. He came to the Philippines from London on a short-term journalism assignment but instead began to find meaning in the stories of people all around the country. In “The Genius of the Poor” Tom explores the insights and lessons he learned from conflict areas, gang leaders, and prisons in the Philippines. He also founded MAD (Make A Difference) Travel, a social tourism company that works with and for indigenous tribes and local communities to create meaningful travel experiences. Tom aims to use travel as a tool to help people find meaning in their lives and create lasting effects on the lives of others. In this interview, Tom tells us more about the following: The genius of the poor Travel and tourism as tools for social change How to go beyond volun-tourism and poverty porn Connecting your market with tribes and communities, and learning a lot along the way

Leaders have been running exclusive, relaxed gatherings away from the quotidian mind wharp that is the modern day office environment for a number of years. This year was no different, as 50 sports industry executives - rights holders, brands and broadcasters - gathered in Lisbon for the annual Leaders Retreat. Armed with mic and a persuasive manner, Leaders CEO Jimmy Worrall and Editorial Director James Emmett wandered the room to get some hot takes on various facets of the industry. On this episode, you'll hear from: - AEG Europe VP Yanni Andreopoulos, who delivers a tasty stat on YouTube consumption per capita – the result, so the clickbait headline would have it, will shock you. - Next, we’ll hear from Alex Willis, Head of Comms, Content and Digital at Wimbledon, on the celebrity-driven content marketplace we operate in, and, well, grass - Former Norwich City marketing director, current MK Dons Executive Director Andy Cullen confirms there are no skeletons in Jimmy Worrall’s cupboard, and Richard Kenyon, Director of Marketing and Comms at Everton, explains how he aims to keep things intimate if and when the Premier League side move to a spanking new stadium - Next up, Sina Sports’ Sam Li talks China, eSports, and an exciting new event on the horizon, while Eredivisie CEO Alex Tielbeke tells it like it is on a tough time in Dutch football - Uefa’s Head of Revenue Operations Philippe Margraff carries Jimmy’s sun cream, and gives us a glimpse into Uefa’s new sponsorship approach - Arsenal Business Development Director Peter Silverstone looks ahead to the club’s pre-season tour, and finally ITV’s Tom Graham surveys the changing broadcast landscape and gives his thoughts on the new digital players.

On this episode of The Assembly Call, Tom Graham joins me to discuss the ceremony and Bill Garretts remarkable story and legacy. If ever there has been a cant miss episode of The Assembly Call, I believe it is this one.

The Philippines has a long history with colonizers. From the Spaniards in the 16th century to the Americans after the Philippine Revolution to the Japanese in World War II. So while we're welcoming to foreigners who come to visit the country for a holiday, we're wary of those who decide to stay and explore opportunities in the country. It's inevitable to think that they're here to exploit our resources and get rich off our backs. Such is the challenged faced by English journalist Tom Graham when he decided to extend his stay in the Philippines. Inspired by Gawad Kalinga Founder Tony Meloto, Tom ditched the shirt and tie and spent a few months living and working with poor people in various GK communities. There, he discovered the genius of the Filipino people and fell in love with the country. Now, Tom is a social entrepreneur and is the co-founder of a Mad Travel, a social tourism company with a mission to help end poverty in the Philippines by 2024. At a time when Filipinos are leaving the country to migrate and work abroad, you're probably wondering what keeps Tom here. Why does he keep coming back to the GK Enchanted farm every week? What does he see that millions of OFWs don't? Let's all find out in this interview.

Scranton singer/songwriter Tom Graham is the guest in our 13th episode, and he is no stranger to our studio. Graham worked with our very own Jimmy Reynolds in The Stude to finish his brand new record, “Underneath a Rusting Roof,” so we discuss the recording process in-depth to demonstrate just how much work goes into making an album and why. Graham and Reynolds recall the album’s humble beginnings with a makeshift setup and take us through to the finished project, detailing the choices made on particular songs and the interesting and funny stories behind them, including debilitating injuries, habanero beer, and unexpected technical difficulties. In the Last Word segment, we also talk about ghosts, ghost hunters, “Ghostbusters,” and Graham’s hilarious idea for a new paranormal reality show. Professionally recorded every Monday at The Stude in TwentyFiveEight Studios in Scranton and released exclusively on nepascene.com every Tuesday, the NEPA Scene Podcast is a free supplement to the website, expanding on the arts and entertainment stories covered on the site and going beyond them to discuss other news and entertainment topics. Each week, the unedited and uncensored podcast features Rich Howells, NEPA Scene founder and editor; Mark Dennebaum, president and owner of TwentyFiveEight Studios; Lauren Quirolgico, commercial and content strategist at Lavelle Strategy Group and editor at TwentyFiveEight; and in the control room, Jimmy Reynolds, a musician, teacher, and lead audio engineer at TwentyFiveEight.

In view of the current political climate, this edition of CTBTO Spectrum focuses on the role of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) in the wider non-proliferation and disarmament context. We are privileged to have received articles from several internationally acclaimed leaders and political figures including President Oscar Arias of Costa Rica, IAEA Director General Mohamed ElBaradei, former US Senator Sam Nunn, and US senior diplomats, Ambassadors Max Kampelman and Tom Graham. Their contributions are complemented by an article by Daryl Kimball, Executive Director of the Arms Control Association, and there are also feature articles on the Integrated Field Exercise 2008 for on-site inspections, the challenges of establishing monitoring stations in Antarctica, the ongoing International Scientific Studies project to assess the readiness and capability of the CTBT to detect nuclear explosions worldwide, and the cooperation between the CTBTO and the World Meteorological Organization.