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Claude Cowork came out of an accident.Felix and the Anthropic team noticed something interesting with Claude Code: many users were using it primarily for all kinds of messy knowledge work instead of coding. Even technical builders would use it for lots of non-technical work.Even more shocking, Claude cowork wrote itself. With a team of humans simply orchestrating multiple claude code instances, the tool was ready after a brief week and a half.This isn't Felix's first rodeo with impactful and playful desktop apps. He's helped ship the Slack desktop app and is a core maintainer of Electron the open-source software framework used for building cross-platform desktop applications, even putting Windows 95 into an Electron app that runs on macOS, Windows, and Linux.In this episode, Felix joins us to unpack why execution has suddenly become cheap enough that teams can “just build all the candidates” and why the real frontier in AI products is no longer better chat, but trusted task execution.He also shares why Anthropic is betting on local-first agent workflows, why skills may matter more than most people realize, and how the hardest questions ahead are about autonomy, safety, portability, and the changing shape of knowledge work itself.We discuss* Felix's path: Slack desktop app, Electron, Windows 95 in JavaScript, and now building Claude Cowork at Anthropic* What Claude Cowork actually is: a more user-friendly, VM-based version of Claude Code designed to bring agentic workflows to non-terminal-native users* Why “user-friendly” does not mean “less powerful”: Cowork as a superset product, much like how VS Code initially looked simpler than Visual Studio but became more hackable and extensible* Anthropic's prototype-first culture: why Cowork was built in 10 days using many pre-existing internal pieces, and how internal prototypes shaped the final product* Why execution is getting cheap: the shift from long memos, specs, and debate toward rapidly building multiple candidates and choosing based on reality instead of theory* The local debate: why Felix thinks Silicon Valley is undervaluing the local computer, and why putting Claude “where you work” is often more powerful* Why Claude gets its own computer: the VM as both a safety boundary and a capability unlock, letting Claude install tools, run scripts, and work more independently without constant approval* Safety through sandboxing: why “approve every command” is not a real long-term UX, and how virtual machines create a middle ground between uselessly safe and dangerously autonomous* How Cowork differs from Claude Code: coding evals vs. knowledge-work evals, different system-prompt tradeoffs, longer planning horizons, and heavier use of planning and clarification tools* Why skills matter: simple markdown-based instructions as a lightweight abstraction layer for reusable workflows, personalized automation, and portable agent behavior* Skills vs. MCPs: why Felix is increasingly interested in file-based, text-native interfaces that tell the model what to do, rather than forcing everything through rigid tool schemas* The portability problem: why personal skills should move across agent products, and the unresolved tension between public reusable workflows and private user-specific context* Real use cases already happening today: uploading videos, organizing files, handling taxes, managing calendars, debugging internal crashes, analyzing finances, and automating repetitive browser workflows* Why AI products should work with your existing stack: Anthropic's bias toward integrating with Chrome, Office, and existing workflows instead of rebuilding every app from scratch* Computer use one year later: how much better it has gotten, why vision plus browser context is such a superpower, and why letting Claude see the thing it is working on changes everything* Why many “AI verticals” may get compressed: specialized wrappers may matter in the short term, but better general models and stronger primitives could absorb a lot of narrow use cases* The future of junior work: Felix's concerns about entry-level roles, labor-market disruption, and whether AI can compress early-career learning into denser simulated experience* Why Waterloo grads stand out: internships, shipping experience, and learning how real teams build products versus purely theoretical academic preparation* The agentic future of the desktop: what it means for Claude to have its own computer, whether AI should act on your machine or a remote one, and how intimacy with personal data changes the product design space* Why Electron still mattered: shipping Chromium as a controlled rendering stack, the limits of OS-native webviews, and why browser engines remain one of the great software abstractions* Anthropic's Labs mentality: wild internal experiments, half-broken future-looking prototypes, and the broader effort to move users from asking questions to delegating increasingly long and valuable tasks* Why the endgame is not just more capability, but more independence: teaching users to trust AI with bigger scopes of work, for longer durations, with fewer interventionsFelix Rieseberg* X: https://x.com/felixrieseberg* LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/felixrieseberg* Website: https://felixrieseberg.com/Anthropic* Website: http://anthropic.comFull Video PodTimestamps00:00 — Cheap execution and building all the candidates00:44 — Intro in the new Kernel studio02:47 — What Claude Cowork is04:18 — Why user-friendly can be more powerful05:33 — How Anthropic built Cowork07:09 — Prototype-first product development08:00 — Why local computers still matter09:20 — Skills, primitives, and platform leverage12:13 — Cowork's architecture: VM + Chrome + system prompt15:38 — Felix's own bug-fixing Cowork workflows17:38 — Local-first agents20:16 — Evals, planning, and knowledge-work optimization23:14 — What Anthropic means by evals24:21 — Scaffolding, tools, and why skills matter27:44 — Demo: YouTube uploads and self-generated skills31:03 — Calendar automation and cleaning your desktop34:47 — Browser context and why DOM access matters37:47 — Skills portability and plugins44:36 — Which AI categories survive?46:19 — Junior jobs, simulated work, and labor disruption52:00 — Gradual takeoff vs big-bang takeoff53:42 — Finance, taxes, and enterprise verticals56:24 — Vision and the improvement in computer use57:31 — Why Claude writes its own scripts58:06 — Should Claude have its own computer?1:01:26 — Windows 95 in JavaScript1:03:19 — VM tradeoffs and sandbox design1:07:23 — Approval fatigue and safe delegation1:11:18 — The future of Cowork1:12:27 — What comes next for agentic knowledge work1:15:13 — Electron, Chromium, and desktop software lessons1:22:16 — Multiplayer agents and coworker-to-coworker workflows1:26:05 — Anthropic Labs and closing thoughtsTranscriptAlessio: Hey everyone. Welcome to the Latent Space Podcast, our first one in the new studio. This is Alessio, founder of Kernel Labs, and I'm joined by swyx, editor of Latent Space.swyx: Yeah, so nice to be here. Thanks to, uh, TJ, Alessio, Allen helping to set everything up. It looks beautiful. We even have the logo outside.Yeah, kind.Felix: It's like really nice, right? When you walk in here as a guest, you're like, ah, this is a serious production. You're like, feel it immediately.swyx: Yeah. Felix, you've been, you're, you're currently a product manager of Cowork or,Felix: uh, really Technicswyx: Eng. Yeah. The, the identities are kind of vague member technical staff.Felix: I know member staff is like, the official title will carry around forever.swyx: Yeah. I basically kind of wanted, like we've been. Kinda obsessed. I, I've been using it a lot, even for managing latent space. Like, uh, cowork helps me upload videos and like title things and like edit and everything. It's, it's like really amazing.Alessio: Cool. He said multiple times Cowork has said gi in the group track.swyx: Yeah, yeah, yeah. So, so we have a second, uh, we have a second channel, uh, for latent space tv. Uh, and I, uh, and uh, we basically, this is our Discord meetup. Um, and I I, we have like Claude Coworks, it might be a GI, I don't know if we, we have, uh, uploaded it yet, but one of the sessions was like a, like a Claude cowork thing.Felix: I, you have to see, I would love to see it. Like, I'm so curious, like one of the most fun parts of my job is like constantly see the weird things people use Cowork for because it's obviously like very hard for us to actually design for specific use cases we do. But like every single person who's like most amazed is usually amazed about a thing that I didn't even expect cowork would be good at.Um, we have a new designer and it's one of the first small tasks. I was like, Hey, we need like a new emoji for cowork for our internal stock. It's like a pretty small thing. I like, can you please do it? And he drew an SVG and just gave it to coworker was like, can you animate this emoji? And now it has like this beautiful loopy animation.Um, and I mean, I think obviously this goes down to like, it turns out you can do more things with code than you expected, but it, it's like that kind of stuff that is really fun to me. So, long story short, I would love to see like, the kind of things you're doing.swyx: I'll pull it up. I'll pull it up.Felix: Yeah. Yeah.swyx: Uh, but before we get into it, I, I think always wanna start with like a top level. What is Claude Cowork for people who haven't heard of it? Haven't tried it out.Felix: Okay. Uh, real quick, Claude Cowork is a user friendly version of Claude Code. So the way it basically works is we have Claude Code and for us, fairly impressive agent harness that over December we noticed more and more people are using either, even though they're not technical, they, they're not at home in the terminal or they are at home in the terminal, but they started using Claude Code for non-coding workloads, right?Like managing expenses or like filling out receipts or organizing a knowledge base. Like there was a big obsidian moment that a lot of people liked and we wanted to capitalize on that, but also bring, bring this capability to people who are not terminal native and who might not know how to like brew and store something.So cowork is Claude Code running in original machine with a little bit of padding, a little bit more guardrails, making it a little safer and a little bit more convenient for people who don't wanna first open up the terminal when they go to work.swyx: It's interesting, uh, that is kind of. Pitch that way as a more user friendly thing because I always feel like it, it, to me, I I treat it as like why I'm familiar with Claude Code.Like we, we did a Claude Code episode Yeah. A year ago. But this one is like even more power user tools ‘cause it, uh, it kind of integrates much better with like clotting Chrome and, uh, in all the, all the other tooling. But like, maybe, maybe that's like a perception thing, right? LikeFelix: No, honestly, I don't think you're wrong.This is like a, a thing I've been thinking a lot about for like the last two weeks. So,swyx: but when they say user friendly, it's like, oh, it's the dumb down version. But no, actually this is the superset.Felix: Yeah. Like, I think a similar thing happened, A similar thing happened to me about 10 years ago, like maybe 12 years ago when I was at Microsoft and we started working on, on Electron and like browser-based technologies and cross-platform stuff.And one of the first use cases was Visual Studio Code, which used to be a website. And the initial narrative was, or Visual Studio Code is, is like a more user-friendly version of Visual Studio. But in a similar vein, I think there was some voices saying, oh, this is. For serious developers, like, we're not gonna use this.Right? For like anything. And I think in the end what happened is people have different stories about why Visual Studio Code became such a big thing. But my personal, my personal belief is that the Hackability and the extendability has like played a pretty big role, right? You can hook in Visual Studio Code that like almost any workload, it's so easy to hack on, so easy to put extensions for it.And I think cowork might be hitting a similar thing where it's very easy to extend and it's very easy to bring into your workflows. Uh, so the convenience I think is a bit of a, it's obviously the thing we strive for as developers, but I think the way people find value in it then is by probably mapping it onto whatever they actually have to do in their job.Alessio: So end of last year, you see the spike of like non-technical usage and clock code. What's the design process to say we should make clock code work? Because I mean, you built it in only 10 days. Um, I'm sure there was some discussion before on whether it's easier to use mean. You know, like making, making like a desktop GUI is obviously one way to do it, but like there's a lot of nuance in the product.Like maybe talk people through what was like the trigger of like, we should build a separate thing. We should not build like a different plot code thing. And then maybe some of the more interesting design decisions that maybe you didn't take.Felix: Yeah, I think philanthropic, we've been thinking about ways to move people who are comfortable with using Claude to answer questions and bring more of the power of like this thing to now like, execute tasks for you.I can like solve problems for you can like build things for you. How do we bring that capability to people who are currently mostly comfortable with like a like question answer paradigm within the chat. And we've had a lot of prototypes around that. Just going back as far as like easily a year and a half.Like we had a lot of people working on that. Um, and internally philanthropic is a very prototype demo, first culture. We have a lot of like internal prototypes that don't reach the public. What Cowork actually became is like we sort of picked the right pieces out of the many prototypes that we had.Right. And that's, that's maybe also like, I think an important qualifier whenever people mention this like 10 day number. I do think it's important to me to mention that within Double Scratch there was like a lot of stuff already happening, right? Like, and I think it's important for people to remember that when you build a website, you use React, you use like a bunch of other things.And this is like a similar scenario with like a lot of pieces we already had. Um, and in terms of decision path, I think we live in like an interesting new world where execution is actually quite cheap.swyx: Mm-hmm.Felix: So maybe, maybe what you would do That's so crazy. The year. I know it's wild.swyx: You should be, ideas are cheap.Execution is the hard part. IFelix: know. And like the, we, we used to live in this world maybe where you would take a product manager and the product manager would go to a number of potential customers and in this like very low bandwidth way, would try to. Try to like tease out what are the problems they're having, what are they willing to buy?Um, and then maybe what can you build to like drive out that need and then you go back and you like draft a spec and you think about it and then like you make a design and you execute it. We internally philanthropic app, not pretty much closer to the point where we're like, don't even write a memo, just like build, like let's build all the candidates very quickly.Let's just build all of them and then pick the best ones. I think the, the decision that is most impactful both for the product as well for the users right now is like the way we put value on your local computer. I think that's a big decision point a lot of people have thought about. Should this thing, whatever it is, should it ultimately run into computer or should it run in the cloud?‘cause they're big trade offs, right?Alessio: I guess like if we solve auth, it would be easy to do in the cloud. But I think like the fact that I can just download any file from anywhere and then put it and cowork there, it's like a big unlock. Um, I mean it's interesting you mentioned reusing certain pieces. I think this is something I've been thinking about even with Claude Code, right?The price of like writing code is going to zero, blah, blah, blah. But it actually seems like the value of having some sort of platform substrate is like increasing because as you build these new things, you can kind of plug them together.Felix: Yeah.Alessio: So I almost feel like when people are saying, oh, the value of a lot of software is gonna zero because you can recreate it, to me it's almost like the opposite.It's like having an existing platform to build on top of. It's like even more valuable because you can kind of bolt things on.Felix: Yeah.Alessio: You have obviously mcps, you have skills, you have like obviously the models, which is a big part. All these things kind of come together. Do you feel like that's a valid way to think about it, where people should invest even more in kind of like primitives.To rebuild on or are you like recreating a lot of it each time because like things change and it's easier to rewrite than reuse?Felix: You know, I think, I think you're right. I think you're right that the holistic platform is really useful. And this is maybe a whole like a somewhat contrarian view to a lot of people in ai.I actually don't think that the future is going to be hyper personalized software down to the point where everyone is running their own version. Like, I actually think it's going to be quite hard for all of us to have our own internal chat tool and like, if I wanna talk to you, likeswyx: howFelix: is that gonna work, right?In the, in the context of cowork and how we build it, I think it's a bit of a combination. Like what the, the execution that gets cheap is not necessarily rebuilding all the primitives. I think our priori, there's also not a lot of value in it. So for instance, my team did not think about rebuilding clock code.We're like very much started with the. The core thesis of this should be Claude Code.Mm-hmm.Felix: And then we'll like build things on top of it. The part of the execution that gets a little cheaper is like, how do you take all of these Lego pieces and put them together in a way that makes sense for users?It's like actually valuable. You have so many different approaches now in terms of what kind of, what kind of things do you actually elevate to a primitive, do you strongly believe that all your products should be built by just combining primitive that the public also has available? Do you keep some things internal?Um, and I think that's still evolving, but I think what's probably gonna go away is like, I'm not sure if it's gonna fully go away, but I'm gonna say, I think for me personally, I will probably no longer try to come up with a really good product without testing up with people. This is not a new concept, but wherever you used to have to make costly decisions around, do we pick technology A or technology B, or do we like, um, build it this way, build it the other way.I really strongly believe now you just build all of them and try them out with a small focus group and then whatever, whatever is better is what you go with. Right. And that, that is probably quite different even from how we maybe worked a year ago. Right. Like, I think, I think this happened very recently.Alessio: Yeah. I started building something in on Electron since you're here. Coincidence. Uh, but then Electron and like SQL Light are like, there's like some issues that like between development and like, uh, building anyway. And I was like, let's just rebuild the whole thing in Swift and just recreated the whole thing in Swift.And it's like, I. It's done.swyx: You know, I didn't take any effort. I, I, I don't even know Swift.Alessio: Yeah, exactly. I was like, I'm the, I'm not reviewing it anyway, whatever. You can write in whatever language you pick, but the important stuff that I did was not write the electron bindings. Yeah. It was like the logic of what happens in the app, you know, and then the model is like, yeah, I can just recreate the same thing as withswyx: Yeah.I, I think you still want, especially for people who are doing like high performance software or like very complex software, uh, you still want like, some view of the architecture. Uh, but you can use markdown for that,Felix: right? Yeah.swyx: Uh, you don't actually have to read the code again. I, I'm still like on a sort of like a definitional thing.Um, can we build a good mental model of Claude Cowork? Um, this is what I have, right? Like you you said it's like fundamentally cloud co. We don't wanna touch it. There's the cloud app, there's clouding Chrome. I think you guys do something different in planning, but, uh, I've been talking with Tariq who is on the cloud co team, and you guys are, he's like, no, we just exposed planning.Maybe we can clarify like, what are the major pieces. That people should be aware. It goes into cowork, like,Felix: okay, I think you basically have them. So really, um, you can, you can take planning more or less out. I think there's a few things that are really valuable in cowork. Um, the virtual machine is probably the most powerful thing.So we currently run like a, we currently run like a lightweight VM and we put clocked out into the vm and we do that for, for, um, a number of reasons. Safety and security is a big one, but even if you, even if you ignore for a second safety and security and you're just like, okay, Yolo, I want this thing to do whatever.It is quite powerful to give Claus on computer that is like generally a good idea. And in terms of architecture and UX and everything else that we've been working on, philanthropic, it often is quite useful for you to like anthropomorphize, um, clot aggressively and just be like, this is a person. What will you do if you give a, if you had a person, right?Yeah. And the analogy I've given my dad this morning who is still like quite insistent on using chat even for like coding things, is if you were a developer and your employer told you that you don't need a computer, they're just gonna like, send you emails with a code and you send emails with code back like that, maybe work for Patrick Miles in the back, but that it's not very effective.Um, so what we can do with the VM is because it's a, it's a Linux system, Claude Code has more or less free reign to install whatever needs to install. It can install Python, it can install no js. We do have strict network ingress and egress controls. So you can still, as, as a user in like plain human language, make it clear to, to the entire system what you're okay with and what you're not okay with.But at no point do we have to ask a real person, like a, like a person who might be in marketing or a lawyer. I'd have to go to a lawyer and be like, are you okay with me installing Homebrew?Alessio: Yeah, yeah.Felix: Right. Because the implications of the question and the answer are complex and nuanced and like, not, not easy to reason about.This gives us a lot of distraction that makes Cloud very powerful. Now then around it, we, we do probably have a number of things that also keeps growing almost every single week that you're probably noticing that make cowork maybe better for certain tasks than just cloud. Cloud on its own. Yeah. But most of those actually live in the system prompt.They're about like, what can we infer about the work that you do? What can we, what can we intru in the system prompt to make that more effective? It's of course the like very tight integration with Cloud and Chrome. You're noticing that a lot of people, especially as the models get better, a lot of people throw up their hands when it comes to MCP connectors in this area.I'm not gonna, I'm not gonna go through like 25 M CCP connectors, click off everywhere and then like half of them don't let me do the things anyway. So Cloud and Chrome is quite powerful because we can just talk to the cloud and Chrome sub agent and that will just do things for you.swyx: Yeah, so, so one example right in MCPI, honestly, I think that the state of MCP is kind of, kind of.Really hard to integrate. Um, I need to, I needed to add, uh, Figma MCP to the coding agent that I use.Felix: Yeah.swyx: Uh, and, but I didn't wanna read the docs, so I just had caught to it. And it's, it's great at reading docs and the same, same way I had to set up like a Google Cloud, um, account for some project I was working on and get some API keys somewhere.And Google Cloud is famously super hard to navigate, so I just didn't wanna deal with any of it. I just used Claude CoworkFelix: within the first week of developing on Core. This happened very, very quickly. Um, I caught myself by starting to use cowork for coding tasks, which is not ostensibly what we built it for, right?We don't need to. But I found myself, um, I found myself like on our internal, internal tool that we have for, to collect crashes and just like debugging information and I found myself sort like picking out the ones that I think we can easily fix versus the ones that might be like kernel corruption or something else on the operating system.And I found myself sort of picking these out and then just telling Clark, go fix this bug. I was like, what am I doing here? Go one level up, tell a cowork, I want you to go to all these crash tools. I want you to find all the bugs that you think are fixable and not like an operating system crash. And then I want you to tell another cloud to like fix all of that.Um, and that's, that's, that's sort of another cloud,swyx: just so it can spin up another instance or,Felix: uh, it, currently what I do is, um, and this is a bit of a hack, but I tell it to use clockwork remote to which website itself? Yeah, that's interesting. So you basically take, if you, if you imagine like a dashboard with like 20 bucks, you, this is remote control or clock or remote, or, sorry, I just wanted to confirm what, the way I'm using it is.I have cowork running and I'm telling cowork, here's where I normally go every morning to find the latest bugs. Go read the entire bug list, separate out which ones are fixable, which ones are, are fixable, and then for the fixable ones, four is this almost loop. For each bug, write a markdown file with a prompt.And then for each markdown v, that is a prompt. Start of a cloud set. So natively Claude Code hasswyx: this concept of subagents. Mm-hmm. And this is basically a subagent, but you're not using the subagent functionality.Felix: I'm not using the subagent functionality. And the reason I'm not is because I'm firing that off as a Claude Code remoteswyx: task.Felix: Yes. That's kind of nice. ‘cause then I can just fire it off. I can go to my next meeting and in Claude Code remote. Now the work is happening.swyx: Mm-hmm. Yeah. You, you see like you're already starting to use the cloud over your local machine. And I think this is one of those things where like. Shouldn't just everything just be cloud first, right?Felix: Ah, this is such a good group. I'm like solely bad about this. I have so many thoughts about that. Okay. So I generally believe that Silicon Valley overall is undervaluing the local computer. And my default argument for that is always how come we're all using MacBooks and not like an iPad or a Chromebook?Um, that there is like still value in, in having a local machine. And now when I think about Clot, it's this entity that is supposed to be very useful to you, like it tremendously useful to you. I think that entity needs to have access to all the same tools you have access to. Otherwise it's gonna be hamstrung in like all these complex ways.And there's, there's sort of two approaches we could take. We could say, okay, we're gonna like one by one chip away at everything that is at your computer and move it into the cloud. That's, that's one way to do it. Um, and I think other products have taken that path. I personally, this is a very personal opinion, but I personally, for the amount of tools that I use.Just don't have the patience to give another tool like permissions to every single thing and keep those permissions up to date. The second thing that I'm still grappling with, and I don't have a good answer for anyone just yet, but the second thing I'm still grappling with is what does it look like for someone to slurp up your entire work and put that in the cloud?Like if I, just as an example, like if you could click a button and it just clone your entire computer into the cloud, is that something that you would want? I'm not totally convinced yet that all everyone will. Mm-hmm. And that is sort of like upstream of all the technical issues we're gonna have. ‘cause like in general, I think the world is not ready for this kind of stuff.Like, I'll give you one quick example that would probably be very easy for us. So as a desktop app, we in theory with your permission, can do a lot of things on your computer, including reading your Chrome cookies. If we really want to do right, we could take your Chrome cookies, you would have to decrypt them for us.We could put those on the cloud if we really felt like it. Pretty easy solution. That would be super cool. We could just be like, oh, we can do all your tasks in the cloud now. Um, a lot of websites, thanks, include it. If, if they see the same authentication from like two different locations, we'll just lock down your account and now you have to go to the branch and be like, okay, I, I'm here with my passport.You actually know that. Wow. Yeah. As tired as well are of the term agent for the age agent future, I think there's a lot of stuff that sort of slowly needs to catch up and until that's the case, the way I, as someone's working on clock and make Cloud most effective is to like put it where you are working.swyx: Anything else? I thought with our mental model, so like, basically like, uh, part of me also just want, like the more I understand how it works, the more I can use it to its full potential. Right?Felix: Yeah.swyx: And so what I'm get hearing from you is you told me to delete the planning thing. You're not doing anything special on, on the, that's only exclusive to Qua cowork.Felix: We have some tricks for this sort of like change week over week. We eval cowork maybe against different use cases than he would evil clock code, right? If you think about it this way. Okay, so like clock code is our eval clock cowork. Yeah. So clock code is like quite optimized for coding tasks and we mostly value it whether or not we're getting better or worse depending on how good it is at like a typical suite job.And Clark Cowork on the other hand, we evaluate more against typical knowledge work, the kind of stuff he would find in finance or in like maybe a, like in like a legal office. Um, my personal use case is always like managing my things, like managing my personal mortgage or something like that, right? Or like wealth planning for me and my family.Those are the kinds of use cases we eval, clock cowork on. And what you might be picking up on is like the subtle changes we make to the system. Prompt what we put in the system, prompt how we steer, clot with the tools we give it. Um, like either it'd be better in one or the other direction and whether there's a trade off, try us exist a lot.CLO code will be better of a code and Claude Cowork will be better. For non-coding tasks, will those gaps still exist in the next three generations of models? It's like a little unclear to me though.swyx: Yeah,Felix: because right now these like hyper optimizations we make, I'm not sure for how long they're still be relevant.swyx: I think what I was referring to was also, it, it just, uh, it qualitatively felt different when I probably, it's just all prompting and I'm reading too much into it, but like the, the fact that it comes out with like a nine step plan, I can edit the plan and give feedback and, and, and see it execute the plan.Yeah. It felt more long range than in Claude Code, but maybe that already existed in Claude Code and you just build a nicer UI for it.Felix: It's kind of both. Um, like if the Clark Code people who build the planning functionalities would city, they probably say yes, we have all of those things in Clark code and they do.Um, I think people tend to give cowork. Tasks that are maybe of longer time horizon, I thought isswyx: so long. Yeah.Felix: That's like one thing, right? It's just like that the, the chunk of work tends to be maybe a little bigger. And then the second thing is that because the work, when it gets longer, it gets a little bit more ambiguous.We do tell co-work to make heavy use of the planning tool or to make heavy use of the ask user question tool, right? We do want it to come up with like. Different scenarios of, okay, tease out what the user actually wants. Don't go off to work for like four hours and then come back with the wrong thing.And you're probably picking up on that.swyx: Yeah.Felix: Um, I wish I could tell you I like built this magical thing and it's like, there's some secret sauce,swyx: but No, no, no. I mean, it's, it's just clarity is good that, you know, engineers just want to know. Yeah. They can, they can plan around it. And then I think also for me, um, I am realizing I have to switch to my, my other machine because this is a new machine that doesn't have my session.But, uh, yeah, the, the, the planning is really important for, for me to like approve or like to see whether it's like, it's right. The ask is, the question is so beautifully presented. I mean, it also, it also available in like cursor and, and in Claude Code. But like, I, I think like it's so nice to see that it, like it's kind of for me like to understand that it gets me, it gets what I want to do.Felix: Yeah.swyx: Yeah.Felix: It probably very hardswyx: just on the topical evals. Mm-hmm. When you say eval, I think people are very vague about what it means. Is it just like vibe testing or do you have like automated programmatic evals of Claude Cowork?Felix: When we say eval, uh, what we really mean is that we essentially take the entire transcript, including all the tools that clot has available ultimately to it, and we then measure what are the outputs, depending on what we tweak, right?So we do run that a lot. We use that in training. Um, we use that in, in like, if you sort of separate out post training from like the scaffolding around it. Cowork sort of exists in the scaffolding space, but obviously we also train on it a little bit. Um, so when we say eval, we mean given the certain transcript, what do the outputs look like?Including the file outputs as well as like the actual token outputs, like the ones that you see in the chat window.Alessio: I'm curious, um, how much of the failure modes are the model intelligence versus like the usage of the end tool to put the intelligence in? Like the well planning is like a good example, right?It's like one thing is to come up with a plan. The other thing is like make a nice spreadsheet. Yeah. That kind of runs you through the plan. Like how have you seen that? Well,Felix: the thing that I grapple with a lot is that whatever scaffolding you come up with, I think we still have a bit of sort of like model overhang where the model is dramatically more capable than right.Users end up using it for. And I think part of that is that we're just not getting the model all the tools to do all the things that's theory capable of, right? There's like one thing, um, however, whenever you do build the scaffolding, I'm sort of wondering at what point, at what point will that scaffolding go away and like how much you invest in figuring out what the right scaffolding is.It's kind of up to, it's a little bit of a bet. And one thing that I as an NJ quite enjoy is that like working in philanthropic and working at a frontier lab, I maybe have a little bit more insight into what's coming, coming down the chute in terms of like, what's the next model, what is the model capable of?What is good at, what is it bad at? And I'm, I'm increasingly wondering, is the right thing for us to like really invest too much in sort of these like scaffolding corrections where the model might otherwise not misbehave, but just not do the thing that you want?Alessio: Yeah.Felix: Or is it to just like give it as many capabilities as possible, try to make those safe so there's the worst case scenarios, likeno status might be otherwise.And then just simply wait a second for the next model drop. I'm personally, currently more leaning into the ladder. I think we're gonna see a lot of like applications and companies that do very impressive things with ai that in the short term might seem very effective ‘cause they're very specialized to individual use cases.But I think once models get better generalization and get better at like those specific use cases without being super guided on those, I'm not sure how long that's gonna stick around. And you can kind of, kind of already see this in like skills and NCP servers, right? Mm-hmm. We've, we've already seen sort of this like slow shift from MCP service to skills.And like, maybe a good example is Barry who made skills. He was initially hacking on something that honestly looked a lot, looked, looked a lot like what Cowork does today. It was sort of thinking about what if cowork, but for like people who don't wanna build code. Mm-hmm. And, um, he too did that as a prototype inside the desktop app.One of the first use cases we thought of were, okay, what, what are like coding like use cases that could really benefit from graphical interfaces and like from being a little separated from the actual underlying code. And everyone comes with the same answers. Data analysis,Alessio: right?Felix: Yeah. Or saying how many users do we have today?How many, like, it's always data analysis. And I think the thing that ultimately led to skills is that we wanted to connect this little prototype to our data warehouse and. The team very quickly discovered that like instead of building a custom tool for the thing to talk our data warehouse, they just like meet and embarked on follow like mm-hmm.Dear Claude, if you want to get data, here's the end point. Here's what the API looks like. You'll figure it out.swyx: Ah.Felix: And then it be hand over control. Yeah, yeah. Also just like maybe go one step up in the layer of abstractions, right. Just, yeah. Instead of, instead of telling the thing, here's ACL I, please call the CLI, or here's an MCP.Please call this ECT shape. Just like this is the end point. If you wanna know something, if you post here, maybe you can do post sql. It's gonna be okay. And that ended up being so effective that they started trying the same pattern of like just giving the model a markdown file that describes whatever it needs to do.That the whole thing eventually became skills and we're like. We should package this up. This is a good idea.swyx: Yeah. Um, we've had Barry Mahesh, uh, on, on our conference and uh, he's uh, definitely got a good idea there.Felix: Yeah.swyx: I wanted to show you the, how I've been using Claude Cowork.Felix: Uh, this is was my favorite part.swyx: This is this. So this is like me, uh, this is how we run the Discord. Uh, we literally, uh, at first I didn't trust Cloud Core. This was my very first usage.Felix: Okay.swyx: Right. So then I was like, okay, I will just try to manually download from Zoom all my recordings and upload it to YouTube. Yeah. Because this is a very laborious process.I got a click, click, click YouTube, um, isn't super user friendly. Uh, and it just did it. And then I was like, actually, you know, even the download from Zoom part, I should also. Put into Claude Cowork, and then I did it right. Here's a bunch of, and it starts compacting here, and it, and it, it starts to even be able to do things like look through the individual frames of the video to name the video so I can upload it auto automatically.Oh, that is, and this replaces my job as a YouTuber. We will forever appreciate your creative Yes. You know, and so that's great. Uh, but then by the way, it compacts and makes, makes like a new thing, right? So I, I don't, I don't have the initial, initial thing, but then I asked it to make its own skills so that it, so that something that's repetitive and one-off and human guided becomes more automated and I can use the skills independently and reuse them.Uh, and it obviously you can write skills and that goes into context and skills at the bottom here, which is, which is so nice. Um, so I have all these skills that, that I now sort of do on a weekly basis. Uh, I know you've released scheduled Coworks, which I haven't done yet, butFelix: course I should try them. I, I think this is like so wonderful and fun for me to see because.One thing that is very fun for me about skills in particular is that they're so easy to make. Like anyone can make a skill, like a text message, could be a skill, and they can be so hyper personalized to you. And this is like sort of the subtraction layer, right? Like, um, I, I'm just guessing, but I assume, heck, you are very good at your job.You're probably given this thing some guidance about how to do it, right? I,swyx: I just said, wrap everything up into, into a skill, right?Felix: Yeah.swyx: And then, uh, and then I was like, actually, sometimes I might need to break, uh, things apart because some parts fail or some parts might be needed in individually. So I told it to split one skill into three skills.So it's like a skill splitting thing, and then there's like a parent skill that just orchestrates all of them if I want to use that. You know, like, um, I think that's, that's like really good. Uh, and, and, uh, there's, there's one more part, which is the, uh, Google Chrome thing that I told you about.Felix: Yeah.swyx: Where I'm like, okay, you know, what's better than uploading, using Claude Coworks to YouTube?Like actually. Looking at the docs to like programmatically upload to YouTube and then putting that in a skill. And I've never done that before. I don't want to deal with Google Cloud. Yeah. So Claude Cowork does it for me.Felix: That is really cool.swyx: So, so I, I just, I don't care. I just, like, I do a thing. I don't, it doesn't really matter.Felix: That is really cool. And then you've, I assume paired the skill just with the script that it's built.swyx: Yeah, no, I just update, update the skills.Felix: Oh, that is beautiful. Yeah. That's wonderful.swyx: It's kind of like a skill, like, uh, uh, basically I think like the way that people ease into Claude Cowork is like take a knowledge work task that you would normally be clicking around for and then, uh, try to turn, turn that, and then you do the, okay, well what if you went further?Okay. And then when, if you went further, when, if you, and it sort of expand the scope of cowork as you gain trust with it and, and also teach it how to replace you.Felix: Yeah. It's like a little bit like playing factorial, but for your own life. Uh, like you say, you start really small.swyx: Yeah.Felix: You start automating something really tiny and like.Once it clicks, you keep adding onto this like automation empire. Just like make your life easier and easier. My favorite skill has been, um, every single morning Kohlberg starts looking at my calendar and make sure that there's conflicts because people tend to schedule a lot of meetings, sometimes last minute, sometimes miss it soft and painful.And a lot of products have existed like that A lot. I've written in the custom prompt there. I haven't made it a skill, um, honestly should.swyx: Yeah.Felix: But I've given it like pretty clear instructions about okay, here are some people, if they book over other meetings, I'm probably gonna go to their meeting. Like if Dario schedules a meeting.swyx: Right.Felix: Not try to reschedule down. Right. Um, and I think there's some other rules in there about like what kind of meetings I care more about what kind of meetings I care less about. What is okay to like, maybe pun like when I want to be, when I want to be working, when I don't want to be working. And it's those really small things that I can think kind of click with people.Right. When we launch co-work, I think one of the US races that went most viral on Twitter. X was clean up your desktop, which is stuff, because silly, that's such a smart thing, right? Like you don't need to model to clean up your desktop. Not really. Um,swyx: like this, like clean up my desktop.Felix: Yeah, exactly. Yeah.swyx: I need to, I need to choose my desktop, right? I guess give it access to my desktop.Felix: Yeah.swyx: Okay. Uh, okay. This is very scary. Oh, we'll do it.Alessio: I did, I did it with my downloads folder. It was like, you have so many term sheets and there's like eight copies of your rental lease for your office. I was like, all right.Like, don't yell at me.Felix: It's like, it's not such a small task. And then like, I, I would never go out there and normally otherwise and tell people I've pulled a product. It can organize your folder. Right. Um, because it feels small. But I think to your point like,swyx: oh, here's, here's the, here's the ask user questions.Felix: Yeah.swyx: Uh,Felix: beautiful. Right. Elite obvious junk. You probably shouldn't click that.Alessio: No.Felix: If he's not done right.swyx: As long as it's reversible, I don'tAlessio: make up blend to,swyx: yeah. Uh, yeah. No, I, I have a, I have a typical, everything is super messy folder. So, yes. I think this, this is super helpful. So this is a pretty simple task.Mm-hmm. But I've, okay, here it is. Right. Here's the progress. I don't see this in, that's why I'm like, this gotta be something different than, uh, than Claude Code, because I'm like, weFelix: do. Yeah. That's, we do system prompt that. We're like, all right. We want you to think about like, this task Yeah. Methodology.Yeah.swyx: And then I can, I can, I can do like little suggestions for, for, for these things. It's beautiful. Look at this. I, I can, I can like say like, oh, don't do that. Don't do this. It's amazing.Felix: I'm so happy. You like it. Um, I mean, the other way around, like we're part of the Clark core team, if you would like this in Clark COVID.swyx: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Uh, so, so yeah, I mean, uh, this is really good. Obviously I, I'm like kind of raving about it. Uh, you know, I have other things like sign up for pg e so if you can do phone calls for me, that'd be great. Um, I, I do, peopleFelix: have done that. Obviously you can't do that natively, but people have done that with like, various other providers.swyx: Yeah. Uh, and then this is like signing up for the Figma MCP. Um, I, I really am trying to do like everything, um, data analysis as well. I do think, um, oh, design to code, uh, very, very good. Right? So like, here's a Figma file, take it. And then this is where like a lot of other tasks is like knowledge work, like replace my manual clicking, but this is no, I would normally use Claude Code or uh, Claude Code for this, but because I perceive that you have better Chrome integrationFelix: mm-hmm.swyx: I, I think you can actually do a better job of this. And I, this, this is one shot at my, uh, conference website.Felix: That's pretty cool. Like at some point I would love to like, hear how you feel about code. In the desktop apps, which is like I never use, which is the, the same team. Same team.swyx: So I use the call code in terminal, which I, I perceive to be the default way of cloud coding.Felix: So one thing this has,swyx: sorry, I'm just like, I'm notFelix: here, I'm not here. All products. Can I talk about other stuff? Like I, I'm not sure if people out there wanna like hear me advertise my stuff for like an hour. Please do that. Um, this thing is like a builtin browser, which is a thing a lot of products have said.Yeah, it's a builtin browser. And I think giving cloud eyes into like what you're actually working on makes it so much more effective. And that's probably what you've seen in cohort because it can see Chrome, it can like debug the dom, it can like see things. Um, that does make it more powerful.swyx: Yeah. So, so I think, uh, my mental model was kind broken.‘cause I only use this cowork because I thought it had a, a browser thing in it. But I understand that the Claude Code app. The app version of Claude Code does have a built-in browser. I've seen, I've seen this preview thing.Felix: Yeah.swyx: I just, I've never used it.Felix: But in the end, in the end, you sort of have it by hard.Yeah. You basically get the same thing. Right? Like the, the, the additional skill that you're describing is chart is better if we can see what it's working on. Right. That's, that's sort of like the summary here and like whether it's using your Chromeswyx: Yeah.Felix: Or it's just like making up its own little like browser.It doesn't really make a big difference because either way it's gonna see what it's working on and that just makes it much better. And then you don't have to run QA for your cloud.swyx: Why doesn't it pick up my existing Claude Code sessions? ‘cause I, I mean, obviously I've used Claude Code, but Excellent question.Um, don't have a good answer other than like, we're honest. Just haven't Yeah. This is what the Open AI team does. Okay. Uh, cool. I I I don't have other, like, I, I just, I, I do wanna expand people's minds and also maybe show people if they haven't really done it, but like, I, I think it's very interesting how I sometimes use this more than I use, I mean, I use dia, right?Yeah. Um, I, and I use, uh, I've used like all the other agentic browsers and philanthropic didn't have to build an agentic browser because you just had Claude Cowork and that's enough.Felix: Yeah. I also think like maybe integrating with number of excellent browsers out there, it's like currently on my personal priority list, a little higher than like trying to rebuild a browser from scratch.Yeah. You know, never say never, but I think going back to this idea of like, we wanna plug this into an entire existing workflow, I think our goal is actually to not replace any of the applications we have in your computer. But instead of like, work really well within a new workflow,Alessio: make the new one. Yeah.Are, it seems that nowadays, especially on the browser, most of the innovation is like user ergonomics. It's not really like the underlying browser engine. So I feel like to call it, it doesn't really matter if it's like the, uh, or Chrome or Alice, whatever.Felix: Yeah. We wanna, we wanna meet you wherever you are.Which is like, like obviously I would say that, but it's also just generally true because I don't wanna shrink my potential user base artificially by saying, okay, like, I'm gonna start building for the people who are willing to switch browsers.Alessio: Right.Felix: That's such a, like, you know, like many lawsuits have been filed over who gets to review the browser and like a lot of money has switched hands over the question of like, which browser is default and which search engine is default within the browser.Um, I just wanna build for, yeah, I wanna build for swyx essentially. Like, I wanna, I wanna, I wanna build for people who have a number of annoying tasks that they feel like. Maybe clock could do it. Could do it for them.Alessio: Yeah. What do you think about skills portability? I think there's been one thing, I use another thing called zo, which is kinda like a cloud computer plus agent.And I have a skill to add visitors to the office. Yeah. So whenever somebody has to come in after hours, they need to check in downstairs. Um, but I wanna like text the thing, so it doesn't really work in, in cowork, but now that skill is in the zone harness and it's not in my cowork thing. And then if I make a change, it's gotta, I gotta sync them.How do you see that going? Like I see memory as like. Cloud personal, kinda like, I don't necessarily want my memories to be cross thing.Felix: Yeah.Alessio: But I do want my skills to be cross agent that I use. I think with MTPs, people do the same thing. It's like, oh, Mt. P Gateway. Mt P registry. I don't really know if that's like a business.So I'm curious like if you've had any thoughts in the area.Felix: I think for me, this is sort of where I go back to the really basic primitives for our skills are file-based instead of like this complicated thing that exists inside a place somewhere that is like super proprietary. I'm really leaning into the idea of like, it's all just files and vultures, and that makes it very portable on its own.Right. We do have skills as part of this container format, which was just called plugins.Alessio: Mm-hmm.Felix: And plugins are available both for Claude Code and Claude Code work the same format, and you can install plugins. This works in cowork today. You can basically say, I'm gonna add a whole, like just a GitHub repo as a.Skills marketplace or like a plugin marketplace. And that's how we're doing portability. I think we have a lot of room left to grow in. How do we make it easy for people to know that they can write skills? How do we make it easy for them to just like, share a skill with you? Because obviously all the words I just said, right?Like I'm losing most of the knowledge worker base out there, right. And start by saying, oh, you can connect to GitHub repo. It's not exactly how most people will end up working in like a general knowledge worker space. Um, but I think there's something there. And another thing that's there that I think has not really been properly explored is the, the, the combination of which part of the skill is very portable and then which part of the skill is like very personal to you.Right. And I think that's something we haven't really solved as an industry. Hmm.swyx: It's like, which, how you wanna introduce more structure to the skill or have always have like. Public skill, private skill, you know, pair. Yeah, yeah. Kind of. I think there'sFelix: like a, like the easiest way to do this, which is we do like use string interpolation or something.Right, right. Yeah, yeah. Insert username here, insert like phone number, insert, like known folder, locations, that kind of stuff. Um, that's probably clunky. That's why we haven't built it. Um, but I do think someone is going to come up with like an interesting way to keep everything we like about skills. The portability is just a file, it's just marked down.It's just text, honestly. Right. Like a text file words. The complete lack of structure, which means you don't need any kind of tutorial to write a skill. Just like explain it to Claude the way he would explain it to me and Claude will probably get it before I work. Mm-hmm. Right? You're just like, for booking a flight, tell Claude how to book a flight the same way we tell him somewhere.I just started working here today. But combine that with a very like, personal thing. Um, maybe we'll stick with a booking a flight example. I don't actually think. AI should be booking flights. I think the tools we have is yes.swyx: Yeah. Finally, somebody says it. It's the default demo that everyone's making.Felix: I'mswyx: like, I even against like booking demos, it is not a good showcase.Felix: Yeah. I'm like, I just wanna book my flight myself. But, um, I think there's a lot of things that have a personal and a non-personal component and that's maybe why people reach for flight booking because some things are very universal. Yeah. Super flight is usually better, right? Like few people try to book the most expensive flight.And then some things are quite personal about like what times you prefer, which seat you prefer, which airports you prefer. Combining that and like a skill format that is actually portable, compatible, easy to understand for people. I think that would be very exciting. We just haven't figured it out yet.Alessio: Yeah, I think the text part every, I think everybody by now has some sort of like cloud file thing. Either Dropbox, Google Drive, whatever. So it feels like in a way it should basically like sim link. My skills into all my agent harnesses. Yeah. Just keep those ing like we have internally this like valuable tokens repo, which is like all the commands sub agents.It's good. Uh, and then I build like a TUI where you can start it and be like, you know, install this command and this three sub agents into this agent in this folder and just copy paste this. It doesn't do anything. It literally cp the file into that. But I feel like there should be something similar where like whenever I go into a new thing, it's like, hey, here's like the link to exactly the cloud folder and just bring down these skills into this.Yeah. Like today it doesn't quite work like that. Like if I install a new agent, I cannot, I have to like copy paste all the skills and I don't even know where they are.Felix: Yeah.Alessio: That's like the big problem. It's like where do I find them?Felix: Yeah.Alessio: Um, so I'm curious like in the future like that, that almost feels like my personal productivity thing will be my skills.Felix: Yeah.Alessio: Is not really the product that I use. Everybody has access to the same product. But today there's, that just looks like copy pasting ME files, IFelix: think so many things I, I really like thinking about agents and LLMs just as like another coworker. So many attempts have made to build documentation companies that are like, oh, we're gonna solve oil documentation problems.Um, I myself, like spend a little bit of time working in notion, right? I'm like deeply familiar with the concept of let's get everyone on the same page. Mm-hmm. Right? And what you're basically saying here is you want all your agents to be on the same page about your preferences, about the skills, about the way they ought to work and like how they ought to execute.And I'm not sure what the right thing is going to be if it's going to be some, some company that can say, all right, we're as an independent body, we're not trying to like, push into any particular product. It's our job to be like the skill authority, and we provide, I don't know, we're gonna be the Dropbox of skills and we can just sim link us into all the products we want to use.I'm not sure that's gonna be viable business, but as, as an idea, it would be cool.Alessio: Yeah. Yeah. I think so many things are just going away as businesses. It's like, how am I supposed to do it? I'm not even asking somebody to make a product about it. Like yeah. I wanna personally know. And there's things like you said, it's like you almost wanna skill and then interpolate it between personal and work.So if I'm booking a fly for work, it's different than I'm booking a flight personally.Felix: Yeah.Alessio: In some ways, yeah. But like a lot of the scaffolding is the same, you know? Cool.Felix: I mean, as an engineer I will tell you like, you know, technic a person to technic a person. I will just be like siblings.Alessio: Well that's what, that's what I do.We call that MD and agents that MD's just the same how sim length. And so it is like, that works, but it feels like, yeah, I don't know. MaybeFelix: you can always go one, you can always tell cowork problem and then cowork will solve it for you. Just make the siblings. That's like one way to do it.Alessio: That's true.That's true. All right. Everything is called cowork.Felix: Uh, potentially spicy. Question for both of you.swyx: Uh, which of these industries will go away?Alessio: Okay, so what Felix was saying before is interesting. There's busy like. The short term pressure of like, we need to turn these tokens into valuable things, which is I should build the last mile product that harness the model.And then there's the question of like, long term, which ones are gonna still be valuable? And I think you're kind of seeing this today with like, uh, you know, the coding space in a way is kind of like everybody's moving up and up in stack because you need more than just turning tokens into code. I think search, like enterprise search is kind of saying the same thing.Like with G Clean and like all these different companies is like, at the end of the day, if Cowork is the one doing all the work, the search itself is like such a small part that like, I don't know if I'm really gonna pay that much money just to do search. It's almost like everything is like a cowork vertical.So like how much can cowork first party support?swyx: Mm-hmm.Alessio: And how much can it not? I think for a lot of these things, the planning thing that you were showing do Which one? The planning. The planning.swyx: Okay. Yeah. Yeah.Alessio: That's one thing where like most of the value that these agents provide is like they're better at planning for specific tasks.Yeah. And have better tools for it.swyx: Yeah.Alessio: But I think the models are now moving in that direction and they have the right harnesses and they're on your computer. So for me it's almost like if for the end customer trusts your startup to be the provider of that task result, then I think that works. This is, uh, something that, this is a shortswyx: spike that we're, we're working on.Uh, yeah.Felix: I think, look, I'll, I'll, I'll tell you this, like I don't think I'm the best person to like actually estimate which industry is going to be hit the hardest. But I do think that at philanthropic as a group of people, we're deeply worried about the impact. That the tools are going to have on the labor market, especially for like junior employees that, because I think, I think it's only honest to say that when we talk about automating a lot away, a lot of the work that we personally find annoying that we maybe think's not the best use of our time.In a lot of industries, that kind of work would've been given to a junior entry level employee. Yeah. Right. And I think it's, it's only, it's only right to be really worried about that and like worry what that's going to do in particular to people like enter the shop market.Alessio: Mm-hmm. I have a solution for that.Which you make them, you create simulative jobs for them.Felix: Okay.Alessio: So this is, this is like half joke, half true. So if you think about software engineering, when you're like a junior engineer, you work like 1, 2, 3 years. And in those three years there's like maybe like a handful of moments where like you really learn something.And then a bunch of other days where like you're not really progressing.Felix: Yeah.Alessio: I think now we can use AI and these models to actually like shortcut these careers and almost like simulate the early years of your work and like just make them like super dense and like these learnings, it's like, hey, we're working on this feature, which is like a distributed system and you need to learn this thing that might take three months at a company.And so you take three months here, it's like we're just simulating the whole thing. It's actually not a real thing. And in one week we kind of speed run through the whole thing and you kind of learn your lesson from there. And we kind of repeat that in like one year. You basically get like three years worth of like projects and experience.Yeah. I think it's harder for like things like sales or for things like, you know, marketing because you don't really have a way to get the feedback loop. But I think a lot of it, it sounds kind of silly, it's like you're making the new effect job, but it's almost like you go to college, right? People pay to learn how to do it, and this might feel similar where it's like, hey, we have the.Jane Street Simulator is like, you wanna come work at Jane Street? We'll just put you in the simulator for like three months.Felix: Wow.Alessio: And you'll come out of it. It's like, you know, I'm ready.Felix: So there, there is an aspect here. I'm not an expert enough to like actually know what, what is going to happen to marketing or legal or finance, right?Like, I don't work in those jobs and I, I don't think I should talk about them, but I am an engineer and I think I have a pretty good idea of what engineering is like. And I think one thing we're sort of seeing is that as a company and also as, as the public, we're like deeply worried about entry level, but we're also seeing more senior engineers accelerate it.If like they're more productive. They, they actually increase the value they provide. And the thing that I'm thinking about a lot is the fact that even before all of this happened, um, I've always had a lot of respect for the University of Waterloo and the, the new grads that have joined my teams as from coming from the University of Waterloo always felt like.More ready than new grads will like literally spend their entire time at the university regardless of how good, but never actually had to work inside an environment where you have to ship things that eventually will be used by users. And I'm, I'm, I'm German. I like initially went to German University and I think the, the, the like information systems programs, there tend to be very theoretical, right?Like I often give people the example of like trying

It's YOUR time to #EdUp with Professor Dr. Ramon O'Callaghan, President, Gisma University of Applied SciencesIn this episode, President Series #448, powered by ⁠⁠⁠Ellucian⁠⁠⁠, & part of our EdUp Innovators Series, sponsored by MindBank AIYOUR cohost is Thomas Fetsch, CEO, Integrity4EducationYOUR host is Elvin FreytesHow does a 5 year old German private university scale to 3k students from 100 countries by combining business & computer science with required industry faculty experience?Why does Gisma dedicate 1 week every term to Industry Week where companies present real challenges & students solve actual business problems through hackathons?What makes scaling from startup to 3k students require digital infrastructure while maintaining human connection that technology cannot replace in education?Listen in to #EdUpThank YOU so much for tuning in. Join us on the next episode for YOUR time to EdUp!Connect with YOUR EdUp Team - ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠Elvin Freytes⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ & ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Dr. Joe Sallustio⁠⁠⁠⁠● Join YOUR EdUp community at The EdUp ExperienceWe make education YOUR business!P.S. Want to get early, ad-free access & exclusive leadership content to help support the show? Become an #EdUp Premium Member today!

Patrick Gruhn hat schon einiges hinter sich aber auch vor sich: Vor einigen Jahren verkaufte er die Digital Assets AG an FTX - der Rest ist Geschichte. Nun macht er mitten im neuen Krypto-Hype nicht nur das Comeback mit Perpetuals.com, sondern unterstützt bei der German University of Digital Science (German UDS) ein Startup-Programm, das mit 1 Million US-Dollar Investmentkapital ausgestattet ist.Welche Startups sucht er, wie steht die Krypto-Industrie in Europa im Vergleich zu den USA da, und welche Rolle spielt Regulierung heute beim Aufbau neuer Krypto-Firmen - darüber sprechen wir heute im Podcast mit Patrick. Die Themen:Patrick Gruhns Rückkehr in die Crypto-Welt mit Perpetuals.com nach dem Verkauf seiner Digital Assets AG an FTXFaktoren hinter dem Bitcoin-Allzeithoch von 125.000 Dollar und die zunehmende Professionalisierung des MarktesVergleich zwischen SEC-Reform unter Paul Atkins, dem europäischen MiCA-Regelwerk und deren Auswirkungen auf Crypto-UnternehmenStrategien zur Verbindung von dezentralen Märkten mit regulatorischen Anforderungen durch Self-Clearing auf der BlockchainMotivation und Vision für Patrick Gruhns Einstieg als Co-Founder bei der ersten vollständig online-basierten deutschen Universität für digitale TechnologienDetails zum Investmentprogramm für Studierende: Welche Projekte gesucht werden und wie die Förderung funktioniertPrognosen für die nächsten 12 Monate – von AI-getriebenen Geschäftsmodellen bis zur weiteren institutionellen Adoption1.

What does Gulliver's Travels have to do with the development of the modern education system? Why does classical scholarship see renewed interests in periods of philosophical interest? Why spend 70 pages on one chapter detailing various components of philosophic history before getting to your point on education? Find out as we continue discussing Allan Bloom's The Closing of the American Mind!Follow us on X!Give us your opinions here!

Free transcript: https://steady.page/de/sgle/posts/1eb1a57f-bf11-4c69-903f-a41c2f0d0c31?utm_campaign=steady_sharing_button If you want to support the podcast, you can click here: https://steady.page/de/sgle/about Please share this podcast with your friends, family and neighbours or even write a review :). You can contact me as a Steady Supporter or write a mail to learngermanwithculture@web.de .

Today is the feast of a Jewish woman who had a doctorate in philosophy and who taught and wrote at a German University but was fired when the Nazis came to power. Do you know her name? Find out on today's reflection from Fr. Kubick.

Wer in der Gegenwart eine Universität gründet, die „German University of Digital Science“ heißt, der will nicht nur neue Lehrpläne schreiben – der will das System selbst hacken. Mike Friedrichsen tut genau das. Und er tut es aus einer Haltung heraus, die mehr mit Verantwortung als mit Rebellion zu tun hat. In einer Gesellschaft, die sich zunehmend von digitalen Technologien treiben lässt, will er Menschen dazu befähigen, das Steuer wieder selbst in die Hand zu nehmen.Was ihn antreibt, ist nicht Technikfaszination, sondern die Überzeugung, dass digitale Mündigkeit zur Voraussetzung für Demokratie wird. Souverän ist nur, wer versteht. Doch Mike weiß: Verständnis ist kein Zustand, sondern ein Prozess. Deshalb denkt er Bildung als kontinuierliches, flexibles und individuelles Angebot – und stellt damit die preußisch getaktete Schul- und Hochschulwelt grundsätzlich infrage. Lernen soll nicht mehr belehren, sondern befähigen: zum Verstehen von KI, zum Navigieren in komplexen Systemen, zum ethischen Urteilen im Umgang mit Daten.Mike macht deutlich: Digitalisierung ist kein Fach, sondern ein Horizont. Wer ihn nicht mitdenkt, läuft Gefahr, sich selbst zu verlieren – als Bürger, als Mitarbeitende, als Gesellschaft. Seine digitale Universität will keine Antworten vorgeben, sondern Räume öffnen. Für den Mut zum Ausprobieren. Für Verantwortung. Und für eine Zukunft, die nicht nur automatisiert, sondern gestaltet wird.Zu Gast:Prof. Dr. Mike Friedrichsen, Gründungspräsident der German University of Digital ScienceCreate your podcast today! #madeonzencastr

Check the podcast page on daad.org for a transcript of this episode. In this episode, I talk to representatives from 10 German universities, as well as a representative of the alliance of 9 Technical Universities in Germany. We discussed the attractiveness of German universities for international students, highlighting the quality, affordability, and diversity of educational opportunities. Each representative shared details about their region and why their university is attractive to international students. Please note that the selection you will hear in this episode is coincidental and is based on availability and the right setting at the conference. Universities in this episode: RWTH Aachen 2:42 Justus Liebig University 7:07 Technical University Mittelhessen 10:27 TU9 Alliance of Technical Universities 17:06 Technical University Dresden 24:04 University of Rostock 31:08 Leibniz Universität Hannover 33:17 University of Bonn 44:44 University of Cologne 49:34 Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 1:02:00

Here, we finally deliver on our longstanding threat to do an episode all about influential philosopher Martin Heidegger. We give him credit where it's due: he has a compelling account of the conditions for meaningful existence along with a resonant critique of the alienation endemic to modern society, and is responsible for making important concepts like temporality, finitude, language and historicity into core themes of 20th century continental philosophy. Of course, he's also an unrepentant Nazi, animated by fascist ideas like originary authenticity and racial destiny, an enemy of conceptual thinking in favor of obscurantist poetics, and an idealist loser who wants us to turn away from actual meaningful things here and now so we can begin to approach the fateful question of the meaning of Being as such. We don't like him! And we're right.This is just a short teaser, which I couldn't help but stylize as a horror movie trailer once I had the idea. To hear the full episode, please subscribe to us on Patreon:patreon.com/leftofphilosophyReferences:Martin Heidegger, Being and Time, trans. Joan Stambaugh (SUNY, 2010).Martin Heidegger, “Letter on ‘Humanism'”, in Pathmarks, trans. William McNeill (Cambridge University Press, 1998).Martin Heidegger, “The Self-Assertion of the German University”, Review of Metaphysics 38:3 (1985): 470-480.Music:“Vintage Memories” by Schematist | schematist.bandcamp.com“My Space” by Overu | https://get.slip.stream/KqmvAN

Flexibel und einfach lernen – das verspricht das Konzept des digitalen Lernens. Egal ob in der Schule, im Studium oder zur beruflichen Weiterbildung, der Einsatz von digitalen Lernmethoden zur Kompetenzvermittlung wird immer beliebter. In der aktuellen Folge von „Das Ohr am Netz“ sprechen Sidonie und Sven mit ihren Gästen darüber, wie digitales Lernen verändert, wie wir lernen - und zwar in jedem Alter. Mit Thomas Schmidt, Geschäftsführer bei Helliwood media & education, spricht SIdonie darüber, wie digitale Lernmethoden schon in der frühkindlichen Bildung zum Einsatz kommen können. Warum sollte man schon von früh an auf Medienkompetenz setzen? Was sollten Eltern, Erzieher:innen und Lehrkräfte wissen, wenn es um digitales Lernen im Kindesalter geht? Und wie verändert sich dadurch vielleicht sogar unsere Lernkultur und unser Bildungssystem? Thomas Schmidt hat darauf Antworten. Professor Christoph Meinel, Gründer der German University of Digital Science (GUDS), berichtet im Gespräch mit Sidonie von dem Gründungsprozess der ersten voll-digitalen Universität in Deutschland. Außerdem geht es darum, was die Vorteile der rein digitalen Lehre sind und wo er und seine Partner Herausforderungen sehen. Professor Barbara Schwarze ist Teil des Vorstandes der Initiative D21 sowie Vorsitzende des Kompetenzzentrums Technik-Diversity-Chancengleichheit. Im Gespräch mit Sven spricht sie über den Digital Skills Gap in Deutschland, was es braucht, um die Lücke der digitalen Kompetenzen in der Gesellschaft und auf dem Arbeitsmarkt zu schließen und welchen Beitrag digitales Lernen hier leisten kann. Weitere Informationen: eco zur NIS 2 Richtlinie eco Eckpunktepapier zur Umsetzung des AI Act eco Umfrage zu wachsenden Bildungschancen durch Digitalisierung Das Helliwood Feriencheckheft Die Webseite der German Digital University Webseite der Initiative D21 ----------- Redaktion: Christin Müller, Anja Wittenburg, Melanie Ludewig Schnitt: David Grassinger Moderation: Sidonie Krug, Sven Oswald Produktion: eco – Verband der Internetwirtschaft e.V.

Der Oman ist ein Wüstenstaat, der auf Wissen setzt. Viele Studierende der RWTH Aachen kennen das Land und seine Innovationskraft bereits ganz genau. Denn zwischen ihrer Hochschule und der German University of Technology (GUtech) in der omanischen Hauptstadt Maskat gibt es seit vielen Jahren enge Beziehungen.Robert Schmitt ist Professor an der RWTH Aachen und einer der Gründerväter der GUtech. Der Ingenieur ist schon lange wissenschaftlich mit Maskat verbunden. Für ihn ist der Oman "verwurzelt in klaren Wertvorstellungen, gleichzeitig umarmt er die Welt in Bezug auf Offenheit, Willkommenskultur und der Entwicklung neuer Technologien, die das Land voranbringen sollen", so Schmitt im ntv-Podcast "Wirtschaft Welt & Weit".Die Umsetzung neuer Ideen ist schnell und pragmatisch. Im Podcast berichtet Schmitt von Häusern aus dem 3D-Drucker, die man an die speziellen Verhältnisse des Wüstenstaats angepasst habe. Dadurch sei die Bauzeit stark verkürzt worden. Für Schmitt ist klar, dass wir uns einiges im Oman abschauen können: "Wir unterschätzen die Dynamik dieser Entwicklung", sagt Schmitt in der neuen Podcast-Folge.Doch nicht nur wirtschaftlich, sondern vor allem auch geostrategisch ist der Oman für ihn ein verlässlicher Partner. Schließlich ist das Land schon seit Langem als besonnener Vermittler bekannt, etwa bei der Wiederannäherung zwischen dem Iran und Saudi-Arabien. Ohne viele Worte darüber zu verlieren, nutzt der Oman seine guten Drähte zu allen Seiten. Oman-Expertin Sousann El-Faksch lebt seit 20 Jahren im Land: Der Oman verfolge die Strategie, freundschaftliche Beziehungen zu jedem zu pflegen und sich niemanden zum Feind zu machen. Das hat für sie auch kulturelle Hintergründe.In der neuen Podcast-Folge spricht Host Andrea Sellmann mit Sousann El-Faksch und dem Ingenieur Robert Schmitt über das Sultanat Oman, das im Schatten der Glitzerwelten anderer Golfstaaten oft erst auf den zweiten Blick wahrgenommen wird. Beide Gäste sind schon seit Langem mit dem Land verbunden. Der Universitätsprofessor Robert Schmitt hat die Kooperation zwischen Aachen und Maskat mit aufgebaut. Seit 2008 ist er Rektorats-Abgeordneter für die Kooperation mit den arabischen Golfstaaten und Mitglied des Bord of Governance der GUtech. Sousann El-Faksch arbeitet für die Auslandshandelskammer und ist Repräsentantin und Büroleiterin des AHK-Büros in Maskat. Schreiben Sie Ihre Fragen, Kritik und Anmerkungen gern an www@n-tv.deUnsere allgemeinen Datenschutzrichtlinien finden Sie unter https://datenschutz.ad-alliance.de/podcast.htmlUnsere allgemeinen Datenschutzrichtlinien finden Sie unter https://art19.com/privacy. Die Datenschutzrichtlinien für Kalifornien sind unter https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info abrufbar.

ARway.ai Chief Executive Officer Evan Gappelberg joined Steve Darling from Proactive to unveil two new Software as a Service (SaaS) developer deals with prominent companies in Saudi Arabia and Spain. These agreements underscore ARway.ai's dedication to advancing spatial computing across diverse sectors and applications, solidifying its status as a frontrunner in augmented reality (AR) technology integration. Gappelberg highlighted to Proactive that ARway.ai has surpassed 3,700 subscribers, achieving a remarkable 200% quarter-over-quarter growth in developer deals with a total of 58 secured agreements. Additionally, the company experienced a 100% increase quarter-over-quarter in partner deals, with a total of 7 collaborations established. Furthermore, ARway.ai announced a successful start to its new student plan subscriptions, securing partnerships with universities globally, including University College Cork in the UK and the German University of Technology in Oman. This positive development follows the recent news in March, which saw several student plan subscriptions from institutions such as Bicol University, DHA Suffa University, and the University of Alberta. These collaborations signify a surge in the adoption and acknowledgment of ARway's platform within educational and research contexts, reflecting a growing interest from educators, students, and researchers in the potential of extended reality (XR)/AR technologies. #proactiveinvestors #arwaycorporation #cse #arwy.ai #otc #arwyf #wayfinding #IndoorNavigation, #TechInnovation, #EvanGappelberg, #Technology, #NavigationTech, #DeveloperCommunity, #GlobalTech, #TechPartnerships, #AugmentedReality, #ARtech, #StartupGrowth, #TechUpdate, #InnovationInTech, #EmergingTechnologies, #TechTrends, #SpatialComputing, #RealEstateTech, #UniversityPartnerships, #EnterpriseTech, #SaudiArabiaTech, #SpainTech, #UAEtech, #PioneeringTechnology, #TechAdoption#invest #investing #investment #investor #stockmarket #stocks #stock #stockmarketnews

70 Prozent der Deutschen wünschen sich, dass KI im Gesundheitswesen eingesetzt wird, um bei Diagnosen oder bei der Entwicklung von Medikamenten zu unterstützen. Wo Künstliche Intelligenz schon jetzt in der Patientenversorgung eingesetzt wird und welche Vorteile sich für die Medizin ergeben, erklärt Prof. Dr. Werner, Vorstandsvorsitzender und Ärztlicher Direktor der Universitätsmedizin Essen. Beim Politischen Abend des Bitkom fordert auch Bundesfinanzminister Christian Lindner im Gespräch mit Bitkom-Präsident Dr. Ralf Wintergerst mehr Offenheit beim Umgang mit KI. Außerdem spricht Nora Rohr, Bitkom-Expertin für Bildungspolitik, über die geplante „German University of Digital Science“ und den Stand der Digitalisierung in Hochschulen. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Crime Time FM at Gwyl Crime Cymru Festival Episode 3:  Welsh Crime Fiction - language, location, character. Paul Burke chats to two festival authors and a committee member: Sarah Ward - The Birthday Girl Welcome to Eldey, an island with deadly secrets.Mona: a carefree artist, staying at the Cloister to work on her illustrations.Beth: the harried mother of a toddler, on the remote Welsh island for a weekend with her family.Charlotte: a reluctant stepmother who wanted a romantic getaway with her husband.One of them is a serial killer who poisoned four of her friends at her eleventh birthday party.They all fit the profile. Who will risk everything to kill again?Wini Davies Emeritus Professor of German (University of Aberystwyth), Gwyl Crime Cymru Festival committee member.Fflur Dafydd - The Library SuicidesTwins Ana and Nan are lost after the death of their mother. Everyone knows who drove Elena, the renowned novelist, to suicide - her long-term literary critic, Eben. But the twins need proof if they're going to get revenge.Desperate to clear his name, Eben requests access to Elena's diaries at the National Library where the twins work, and they see an opportunity. With careful planning, the twins lock down the labyrinthine building, trapping their colleagues, the public and most importantly Eben inside. But as a rogue security guard starts freeing hostages, the plan unravels. And what began as a single-minded act of revenge blooms into a complex unravelling of loyalties, motives and what it is that makes us who we are.GWYL CRIME CYMRU FESTIVAL Crime Cymru Produced by Junkyard DogMusic courtesy of Southgate and LeighCrime TimePaul Burke writes for Crime Time, Crime Fiction Lover and the European Literature Network. He is also a CWA Historical Dagger Judge 2022 .Hoffai GWYL CRIME CYMRU  FESTIVAL  ddiolch i'n holl noddwyr: Thanks to The Lottery, Ceredigion Council, Museum and Aberystwyth Library, the Welsh Government, Literature Wales, Love Ceredigion, Arts Council of Wales and Aberystwyth.Gov.UKProduced by Junkyard DogMusic courtesy of Southgate and LeighCrime TimeCrime Time FM is the official podcast ofGwyl Crime Cymru Festival 2023CrimeFest 2023&CWA Daggers 2023

Looking to stay active and healthy while studying in Germany? In our latest “How to study in Germany” episode, we chat with David Storek, Head of Leuphana University Sports Centre, about the many sports opportunities at German universities. Whether you're into team sports, fitness, dancing classes, or just hitting the gym, there's something for everyone. You won't want to miss learning about all the ways to stay fit and have fun on campus. Check out the episode and find out why combining sports and studies can be so beneficial for both your body and mind. Episode timeline 0:00 Introduction 1:00 Moving from Berlin to Luneburg 2:15 How David's passion for the sport was born 5:10 The university sports system in Germany 10:00 Different types of sports contracts on campus 12:00 Outdoor opportunities 14:05 Sports events on campus 16:56 Why you should make a place for sports in your life

More than 300 U.S. buyers have already put down deposits for Rolls-Royce's first electric vehicle.Toyota's new EV  the bZ4X is a rather conventional electric vehicle. EV charging tariffs have been raised by City of York councillors this week.BERLIN -- Tesla beat VW brand by about 6,000 vehicles.SSE Energy Solutions (SSE) has struck a deal to deliver ultra-rapid charging at retail sites as it develops its UK-wide electric vehicle charging network.BMW Group will reportedly stop making electric MINIs in the United Kingdom by the end of 2023.Sovereign Centros has announced the installation of 32 twin-socket electric vehicle (EV) charging points at Merry Hill,EV charging specialist Zest has invested.A new British standard has been launched to ensure that EV chargers are accessible for disabled people.Aviva has reaffirmed its commitment to sustainability by launching one of the UK's first standalone insurance products covering EV charging points.A team of 20 students from the German University of Stuttgart set the new world record for the fastest accelerating EV.

Judith Mangelsdorf is Germany's first professor for positive psychology at the German University of Health and Sports. She is founder and director of the German Society of Positive Psychology as well as mentor coach and supervisor.In this episode, host Windy and Dr. Mangelsdorf discuss positive psychology and coaching as well as how to harness your top strengths. They also take a deep dive into how to utilize positive leadership styles during times of crisis and growth. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Judith Mangelsdorf is Germanys first professor for positive psychology at the German University of Health and Sports. She is founder and director of the German Society of Positive Psychology as well as mentor coach and supervisor.In this episode, host Windy and Dr. Mangelsdorf discuss positive psychology and coaching as well as how to harness your top strengths. They also take a deep dive into how to utilize positive leadership styles during times of crisis and growth. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Lukas read the Essay "The Influence of the German University System on Theological Literature" by Robert Lewis Dabney. It covers the errors of the German Critical methods of Theological and Philosophical studies and some of their ramifications on the Body of Christ. This essay is highly relevant in understanding the influences that have impacted us today regarding our understanding of the reliability and perspicuity of the Scriptures.

This episode, we're off to a German University town for a comic tale that draws on Conan Doyle's school days and his early encounters with spiritualism - ‘The Great Keinplatz Experiment' (1885). You can read the short story here: https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=The_Great_Keinplatz_Experiment  The episode can be heard here: http://doingsofdoyle.podbean.com/. And you can read the show notes here: https://www.doingsofdoyle.com/2022/02/23-great-keinplatz-experiment-1885.html  A version of the episode, with closed captions, will shortly appear on our YouTube channel here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSy23ujzPCKpttfaUwceFfA. Please like and subscribe so we can get a memorable channel URL!   Next time on the Doings of Doyle… We will be talking to Ross Davies about the ACD Society and hearing from some of those involved in, and recognised at, the Inaugural Doylean Honours in January 2022. Become a Patron If you are enjoying the podcast and want to become a patron, please visit our Patreon page.   Acknowledgements Thanks to our sponsor, Belanger Books: www.belangerbooks.com, and to our patrons on Patreon. Image credits: Thanks to Alexis Barquin at The Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopaedia for permission to reproduce these images. Please support the encyclopaedia at www.arthur-conan-doyle.com. Music credit: Sneaky Snitch Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com). Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Welcome to The Nonlinear Library, where we use Text-to-Speech software to convert the best writing from the Rationalist and EA communities into audio. This is: Call for action for German university groups!, published by Arne on February 2, 2022 on The Effective Altruism Forum. Are you part of the German community? Read it and leave your feedback! Are you a community builder? I would love to hear your thoughts. And for everyone, I'd welcome every feedback on my first forum post. TL;DR There are no big local student groups (30+ active members) in Germany. I want them to grow, because student groups and friends are among the most important factors for the growth of the EA community. Reasons why no large local student groups have appeared might include cultural differences to the US and UK, as well as the status quo of the German EA community. That's why, I call for coordination and a spirit of optimism. Here is a short plan for the coming semester: First Week of the semester: Advertisement Second Week: Intro talk + social Third Week on the Weekend: Impact workshop Fourth Week: 1-1s and social Fifth Week: German-wide fellowship starts as well as a career planning fellowship Throughout the semester: Socials as well as lunch breaks in the uni café Halfway through the fellowships and the semester: ((f)un)conferences After the semester: another ((f)un)conference Plus EAGx Berlin in autumn ^^ What's the problem? State of EA groups in Germany There are currently 22 German local groups listed on effektiveraltruismus.de and 25 groups on eahub. More than half of the local groups are student groups. And even though the German community is the third-largest EA community, the typical German local group is in a tough spot. The core of a typical group is at best a strong group of friends of max. 4-5 people. The average to me looks more like 2.5 organizers per student group. Dying student groups are not uncommon. In addition to the local chapters, NEAD (Netzwerk für Effektiven Altruismus Deutschland) exists as the Germany-wide head organization and runs their own fellowship (now for the third time in a row), writes a newsletter and provides some group support. Just recently, the German community hired it's second paid community builder (part-time), welcome, Christiane Ranke. Until then, it was just Manuel Allgaier, who also was responsible mostly for EA Berlin. Furthermore, there has been less funding requested for German groups than for their counterparts in the US, UK, and probably France, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. Last but not least there are very few senior EAs working from and/or in Germany. State of EA groups outside Germany Student groups outside Germany are hitting membership numbers far beyond everything that we are dreaming of. I am remembering thousands of newsletter subscriptions in Yale and the board alone of EA Oxfords student group consists of 18 people according to their website. PISE in Rotterdam has an executive board of six and six additional committees. Look how they celebrated their giving pledges. Some local groups even have an (un)official EA house, office hours, or one of the craziest things I've heard was an EA (dance) ball. Another big step would be to hire campus specialists for German universities, or to be present with workshops and/or a booth at job fairs. Non-EA groups in Germany Outside the EA realm, large student groups and initiatives do exist. Student parliament and university political organizations attract a lot of new students (often close to political parties RCDS, JULIS, JUSOS, SDS, Campusgrün). Similarly, Antifa (loose network of very different types of smaller and bigger groups), Green peace (100 groups, ~50 people per group (unsure)), Amnesty (650 groups) and Enactus (1700 students in 35 German cities, average of 48 students per group) are among the biggest student networks/initiatives I can think of from the top of my head. Some of these networks have adopted grassroots democracies (Basisdem...

Reno Nevada cracking down on whips with a public ban. Kentucky school is dealing with students drawing up and acting as cats. Police suspect a poisoning at German University as students turn blue. // Weird AF News is the only daily weird news podcast hosted by a comedian because I believe your daily dose of weird af stories deserves a comedic spin. Show your SUPPORT by joining the Weird AF News Patreon where you'll get bonus episodes and other weird af news stuff http://patreon.com/weirdafnews  - WATCH Weird AF News on Youtube - https://www.youtube.com/weirdafnews - check out the official website https://WeirdAFnews.com and FOLLOW host Jonesy at http://instagram.com/funnyjones or http://twitter.com/funnyjones or http://facebook.com/comedianjonesy or http://Jonesy.com --- This episode is sponsored by · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. https://anchor.fm/app

There are three major models of healing: medical, shamanic, and psychoanalytic. In the first, the doctor does it to you; in the second, the intermediary does it for you; and in the third, Jung's dialectical process, we work together to discover “the curative powers in the patient's own nature.” Just as every wounded patient has inner health, every healer has an inner wound. If consciously known and borne, the analyst's wound serves the healing process. In Greek myth, Chiron symbolizes the wounded healer, a term Jung originated. A wise and noble centaur, Chiron suffered a painful, incurable wound—and inspired many a Greek hero to reach full potential. Psychotherapy and psychoanalysis attract wounded healers. A recent survey shows that 82% of applied psychology graduate students and faculty in the U.S. and Canada experience mental health conditions. We must be willing, like Chiron, to embrace the darkness of our painful places if we hope to help others embrace theirs.  Here's the dream we analyze: “I had just moved into a house with new roommates. One of the roommates was an African American social media personality, and the other roommate was a Latinx man. As a white woman with a privileged background, I felt like an intruder, but was excited to be living with them. In the first week, I get back to the house, and no one is home. In one of the shared spaces, the ‘social media personality roommate has left out materials for one of her projects where she has two mason jars that have been fermenting and infusing for weeks. Both jars are filled with a clear liquid, where the top half of the liquid is red, and the bottom half is blue. One jar is labeled “separated,” and the other doesn't have a label. Since I've seen her video about this on social media, I know that if the labeled jar is shaken, the colors will stay separated, and with the unlabeled jar, they will mix into a purple. Without thinking, impulsively, I grab the unlabeled mason jar and tip it over, watching the colors bleed into each other. I give it a shake, and it turns into a gorgeous, bright, light, almost neon purple. Immediately I realize what I've done and that I can't separate the colors again. I've destroyed my new roommate's weeks of patient work. I feel horrible. I pray for it to reset, but I know it's too late. I'm in a fancy German University library with my boyfriend. I'm a mess, confessing what I had done. I need to tell my roommate that I am sorry and that I promise I will never touch her work again, but I don't actually know her real name or phone number. My boyfriend and I are scouring all sources to find a way to contact her: emails, texts, social media, but she uses multiple monikers, and we can't figure out her real name. I'm sobbing and self-conscious of making noise in the uptight library. My boyfriend tries to lighten the mood and loudly says, “If I'm ever going to have kids, I'm going to do it when I'm 27, not when I'm 34” as a type of joke, which causes a stir in the quiet library and generates some laughter. I'm embarrassed and feel helpless. I know what I want to say to her to apologize, but I am missing key information to be able to contact her.” RESOURCES: Learn to Analyze your own Dreams:  https://thisjungianlife.com/enroll/

Ahmed Abdelrehim graduated from the school of Pharmacy and Biotechnology in 2008 at the German University in Cairo, Egypt, and started his first business, a retail pharmacy, in 2009. He spent eight years running the pharmacy. During the last years of Ahmed’s pharmacy life, he became super bored with what he was doing. Ahmed wanted […]

About Us: https://untoislam.com Podcast: https://untoislam.com/podcast Submit A Question: https://untoislam.com/questions Sign-Up Free Courses: https://untoislam.com/free-course Sponsor|Donate|Support|Help Us: https://untoislam.com/donate Host: Gina Marie DeBarthe. Guest: Julia Hunter. This is an inspirational story where Julia discusses her conversion to Islam. She talks about life growing up with a mother who was an alcoholic. She recounts how she was raised a Christian but was confused by the doctrine of the trinity. She reveals how she learned about Islam, and her encounter with several American Muslims. In this episode: Julia talks about her relationship with her parents and how that changed after becoming Muslim. She reveals how she first encountered a group of Muslims. The logic of Islam. She discussed her struggle with the existence of evil. We further learned about her family's reaction to her conversion to Islam She elaborated on her father's obsession with atheism and devil worshipping. She converses about how Islam helped increase her patience and resiliency. She further notes how Islam helped her form a more respectful relationship with her parents. As a new revert in Germany, she dealt with a lot of prejudice, especially since she chose to wear hijab. This impacted her ability to find a job. In addition, she discussed how moving to Dubai has been a relief for her since she deals with less prejudice as a Muslim. We discuss her first Ramadan. About Julie: Converted around the age of 17 Born in 1987 and now 33 years old. Originally from Germany but lived many years in the UK Currently lives in UAE Dubai (last 6 years). Studied education and Islamic Sciences at a popular German University and achieved her Bachelor's degree. Full-time homeschooling mum of three and working part-time as a Copywriter. Julie is also a self-publishing Islamic Children's book author on Amazon and has written several children's books about Islam. Her website is: www.juliahankeauthor.com Here you can find her latest books, and information on an amazing reader and writers group. Her books are: Inspiring Islamic Stories https://untoislam.com/links/inspiring-islamic-stories-kids My First Islamic Book for Children Under 3 https://untoislam.com/links/first-islamic-book-children Social Skills in Islam https://untoislam.com/links/social-skills-in-islam-kids She is determined to write a dawah book for adults dealing with difficult questions like "why is there evil in this world?" What is the purpose of life" etc.?

A Creature was saw in this dawn around of the German University of the city.

Welcome to the Afghan Affairs podcast with Said Sabir Ibrahimi. This podcast brings you a variety of perspectives on Afghanistan. In this episode, I am discussing mental health and psychosocial support in Afghanistan. My guests are Psychologist Lyla Schwartz and Dr. (Psychiatrist) Rohullah Amin. Schwartz is director of Peace of Mind Afghanistan, based in Kabul, and has engaged in frontline critical psychological care provision and has forged partnerships with Afghan hospitals, aid organizations, the Ministry of Public Health, and government agencies. Dr. Amin has practiced psychotherapy in Kabul and also taught at Kabul and the American University of Afghanistan. He is currently a research fellow at the German University of Bundeswehr, conducting research on group psychology and social psychology of intractable conflict. If you like this podcast, please help us grow and support through Patreon and Pay Pal. https://afghanaffairs.com/podcast/

Anant has done his Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering with a specialization in Ground Vehicles from Politecnico di Milano. He did his B.Tech. in Mechanical engineering from India itself and later decided to pursue his career in Automotive Industry abroad. (1.) BAJA & Go Cart Experience 1:40 (2.) What are hybrid cars 6:34 (3.) Beginning of career in Automobile Engineering 18:30 (4.) How to get a college abroad 25:18 (5.) What's the next step after graduating 28:50 (6.) Good universities in Europe for Automobile 30:30 (7.) Requirements to enter these universities 34:15 (8.) How to write SOPs 37:30 (9.) Why you should not go for counseling 36:19 (10.) What an undergraduate can do 51:14 (11.) About Expenses 59:22 (12.) Most Important Requirement 1:10:47 Instagram: anantm1, ashish_torq Anant's Blogs: https://carlover.news.blog/ German University website Anant was talking about: https://www.daad.de/de/ Video Version on Youtube Channel: Torq4712

USMARADIO per San Marino Design Workshop 2020 Andiamo a conoscere i designer invitati all'edizione 2020 della manifestazione rivolta agli studenti di Unirsm Design. Una settimana per sperimentare, progettare e condividere idee sul tema "NEIGHBORHOOD DESIGN. LIMEN, COMMUNITY AND TRESHOLD SPACES".

Oh boy...It's Monday. It's Episode 21 of the GFY Social Club! For the past 3 months, pretty much since Episode 2 ... Mike and Craig have been 'throwing shade' at their buddy, comedian COLTON DOWLING, just about every episode. Well, it's time for Colton to return the favor. Colton is IN-STUDIO....and it is Mike and Craig's "GAY OF RECKONING!!" It is a very special episode! When final soundcheck was being completed, GOD (close personal friend of MyPillow's Mike Lindell) decided to interrupt to inform the Dudes of the 'Pod-pocalypse' that was about to happen! ....Nice!!! Celebrity appearances are the best!!! NEWS! The DUTCH are combating "Wild Pissing" with...hemp urinals?! A German University is offering money to "Do Nothing" (calling all unemployed comics!), a Brazilian supermarket hides a dead body in the middle of the store under umbrellas, and...yes...FLORIDA MAN is back. :::Shocker:::: COLTON opens up about several things in the interview segment, including his web series project, "Van Damme Jean Claude" that was scheduled for feature at SXSW 2020 (until the 'Wu-Flu' canceled the iconic festival). Oh...and of course, Craig helps to celebrate Austin's 'Pride Week' with a special CRAIG DOES HISTORY lesson for today! Thank GOD it's Monday. Grab a sacramental White Claw and #JoinTheClub Facebook, YouTube - @GFYSocialClub --- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/gfysocialclub/message Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/gfysocialclub/support

Gilbert Kimeng was diagnosed with Burkitt Lymphoma, a type of cancer, at the age of 20 while studying at a German University.  A doctor shared his faith with him and Gilbert became a Christian.  He returned to Africa where he became an evangelist and teacher.  He considers himself a traveling teacher who visits 15 different churches in 10 different countries every year.  Find out how this man found Christ, beat cancer, and builds the Kingdom in Africa.

WORKOUT OF THE WEEK: (00:23:06) How to improve fat oxidization via FATMAX training HOT PROPERTY INTERVIEW: SEBASTIAN WEBER (00:36:33) After his studies in sport science and molecular human biology Sebastian Weber ran several research projects on modeling muscular energy metabolism and its adaptation to training at the German University of Sports in Cologne. He went on to become Head Sport Scientist of the T-Mobile professional cycling team at the age of only 28. Sebastian is now the co-founder of the physiological performance software INSCYD. INSCYD provides coaches & scientists with a holistic & detailed insight into their athlete’s physiology. It explains how physiological metrics interact and compose an athletic performance and projects future performance outcomes. ONE STEP AHEAD: (01:41:36) Temperature and its effects on your ability to metabolise fat. LINKS: Training Peaks at https://www.trainingpeaks.com/ Pilates for Sports discount link here https://www.fitter.co.nz/about-radio Peter Attia Podcast #85 at https://peterattiamd.com/inigosanmillan/ More about INSCYD and VLaMax measurement at https://www.inscyd.com/ Link to Mikki’s study at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7013342   CONTACT US: Learn more about us at http://www.fitter.co.nz   Like us on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/fittercoaching for the latest news and information Mikki Williden can be found at https://www.facebook.com/mikkiwillidennutrition

Anja-Vanessa Peter is a Filipina-German who was born in Saudi-Arabia and raised in Germany. Currently, she is taking up her online masters in Organisation and Communication at a German University.  Anja used to be a professional tennis player.  She played SEA Games and FED Cup for the Philippines in 2005 and she played College Tennis for the University of Hawai’i in 2008/09.  Anja is based in the Philippines now where she is working as a model, blogger and host. She entered pageants, too. In 2015, she joined Binibining Pilipinas and made it to the top 15. That same year she became Miss Universe Germany First Runner-Up. As of now, she is Miss Supranational Germany. Anja used to play it safe instead of pursuing her dreams but she realized that it was upto her to take charge of her own life regardless of the situation.  Anja also shares her tips that you can use in your own journey to self confidence. Check out thetaoofselfconfidence.com for show notes of Anja's episode, Anja's website, resources, gifts and so much more.

Simon, Shane and Nathan are back to discuss the increasingly lively – and populous – Zwift platform. We start this episode with a big discussion on the major success, and minor failings, of the Tacx World Champs series of races. Zwift VP of Marketing Steve Beckett answers questions on why around 10% of users had problems during the race – with Shane, Nathan and Simon, along with KISS race organisers, seeking some perspective on the event. With Zwift becoming ever busier, is it time for the opposition to walk in fear of the Zwift indoor riding bulldozer, or are they raising their game to compete? We discuss. A French academic working at a German University reveals the results of his research into how avatars in “exer-games”, like Zwift, may actually influence the performance of the user. Zwift community stalwart Eric Schlange makes a long-overdue appearance on the podcast to discuss his painstaking tests to find out which bikes are fastest on Zwift; discuss his IRL racing career and chew the fat a bit about expensive trainers. Zwifter Paul Stokes has been co-opted onto the Zwiftcast to review the new Elite Rampa trainer. What does an “ordinary Zwifter”, someone who doesn’t ride a whole lot of trainers, make of the rival to the Vortex and the SNAP? And we talk to Tam Burns, the man who’s coming back for a second bite at the cherry. After organising a massively popular mass participation race last year, when the lack of an event module made that an arduous task, Tam is again devoting time and energy to staging a big race. Why does he do it? Plus lots more Zwift-related chat on a whole lot of subjects that all Zwifters should find of interest.

Engy Fouda is a Muslim Egyptian author, freelance engineer and journalist. She is currently a M.A. student for journalism at the Harvard Extension School and the Team Lead for Momken Group (Engineering for the Blind), Egypt Scholars Inc. She published several books including a book that made Amazon best selling charts for the Arabic books. She received her B.Sc. and M.Sc. in Computer Engineering from Cairo University, in 2001 and 2006 respectively. In 2002, she joined the American University in Cairo as a teacher assistant in Electrical Engineering Department. Then she worked as a teacher assistant at the German University in Cairo (2003 - 2007), where she founded the GUC Robotics Research Group. She was the Editor in Chief for Mn Europa Elbalad magazine for 3 years. She is a Microsoft Charter member for .Net, and was a Microsoft Certified Trainer and she instructed many classes at different training centers. She is a volunteer at Resala Charity Organization, an Egypt and US-based charity organization. She was the team lead for the Resala software group. Throughout her career, she worked at several companies and did several freelance projects. She is a wife and a mother. She plays taekwondo, rides horses, and loves nature. She speaks Arabic, English , good German, and very basic French. Engy Foda received the IEEE RAB Leadership Award for the year 2002 and first place at Nortel Networks for graduation projects in 2001. She is a member in the IEEE, Microsoft Certified Professional Club and Egypt Engineering Syndicate. http://engyfoda.com http://egyptscholars.org/project/momken

Dr. Heinz-Hermann Adam is the technical director for the Natural Sciences Department at the University of Münster in Germany. In this podcast, I talked to "H2" about how they use HPE 3PAR StoreServ for both researchers and students. We also discussed Connect, the independent HPE Users Group that H2 if very active in.

Xiaohua: Well the first relationship that a young person enters into increases his satisfaction with life, but changes his personality only slightly, according to a recent study.德国研究人员近日发现，一段稳定的初恋关系可以增加人们对生活的满意度，也有可能使人更加的外向。So, people talk about first love all the time, but usually the discussions are about sentimental personal stories rather than serious research. So let’s talk about this research. Do you think it has a point?Heyang: Um… This research is done by a German University and compares the changes in personality in life satisfaction of 312 young adults who established their first relationships or remained single in the course of four years. So, here, already I have objection to the study. So, it’s only comparing people has their first stable relationship with single people. I don’t think that’s really the point here. It should be comparing those who have been in a few relationships or something.Xiaohua: I think it’s proving the obvious that people who in a stable relationship tend to be more satisfied. Heyang: That I can’t fully agree either, but it seems to be the finding of this part, and I just don’t think that it’s all that useful to compare single people with, you know, those who has have their first relationship, it should be about you know after a few relationships, I mean I’d be more interested to find out what happened to those people, are they finding it OK.Mark: Yes, there are some other questions that this raises, for example, is it the relationship that made these people more content and more social, or were they when more social to begin with, and that’s how they got into the steady relationship. I think it wasn’t addressed here by the findings, and who is in the single group as well, are they people who haven’t date at all?Heyang: Yes, that’s the people who are new to this? Mark: Or are they in and out of a more short-term relationship?Heyang: That’s not being compared here, and we want to know.Xiaohua: So, we are be exposed to a very incomplete study I suppose, but let’s just talk about first love itself cause you know people like to talk about it a lot. Do you think that a stable first love relationship has the tendency really to make people more either optimistic, or more open later?Mark: It is going to, I think, boost their confidence at that moments while it’s happening I think it’ll be a tremendous confidence booster, similarly for those who are spurned in love say in their teenage years or whenever it might be when they are dating or something like that, or when they are in their early twenties, for those that are rejected the opposite might happen as well, you know, it might make them feel less confident about themselves. So I think that it would be very positive thing to happen to give them confidence and a sense of security, and a sense that somebody else values them, which they wouldn’t have if they didn’t enter to that first relationship. Heyang: Yes, I think that make sense, I think when it’s your first time go over into a relationship, it becomes a very unforgettable experience no matter what, and if it’s a bad one, it’s gonna have maybe bad kind of long term effect on you, or it might change your view on the other party or, you know, those kind of things, I think it’s possible. But I think just looking at my own experience, people are gonna find it very disappointing actually, because I think it’s the stable family, household that you grow up in, that would give you the most sense of security and not feeling needy to have to be in a relationship, to have to be with someone.Mark: Yes, but there comes a time, though, when you sort of have to strike out on your own into unknown territory.Xiaohua: You have a point on on the one hand Heyang, you know, people are who are in a stable family, they don’t feel that they need to depend on another partner or something for happiness, but that doesn’t mean that having a good first love experiences is not important.Heyang: Oh, that’s true.Xiaohua: Right, the otherwise is not wrong, so I mean what I’m curious about cause you’re saying that you’re citing your own experience, what I’mHeyang: OK Xiaohua: curious to know is in your case do you think that your optimism, as one of our listeners Wei Enhui, this question is from her, (Heyang: Nosy!) since you’re so optimistic, what about your own, you know, first love experience, do you think that helped?Heyang: Um… I still feel it’s open parents set the tone for me, and…Yeah, what about you, Mark? You are staring at me.Mark: I think it’s you know, I feel like I’m watching a therapy session between you and XiaohuaXiaohua: Do you like to contribute as well?Mark: Unfortunately I would love to, but we’ve run out of time.

Background Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) has been described to cause respiratory tract infections in critically ill patients or in individuals that are immunocompromised. It is a continuing matter of debate under which circumstances HSV-1 is a relevant pathogen for pneumonitis. While its role during critical illness has been investigated by prospective interventional studies, comparatively little systematic data is available on the role of HSV-1 for pneumonitis in outpatients with autoimmune disease under a maintenance regimen of immunosuppression. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the charts of ~1400 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that were followed at the outpatient clinic of a German University hospital during the years 2000–2007. Episodes of admission to a ward resulting in the diagnosis of pneumonia/pneumonitis were identified, and the type of pneumonia and clinical features retrospectively studied. Results 63 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, or SLE were admitted to a ward and diagnosed to have pneumonia/pneumonitis. Using bronchoscopy a total of 6 cases of pulmonary infection associated with HSV-1 in the lower respiratory tract were identified. Among those, 2 cases suggested a causative role of HSV-1 as the sole agent causing pneumonitis that proved clinically responsive to antiviral treatment. In the remaining 4 cases HSV-1 appeared as a bystander of bacterial infection. Maintenance therapy with leflunomide, which inhibits HSV-1 assembly in vitro, was associated with a milder course of pneumonitis in one patient. Detection of HSV-1 was associated with stronger immunosuppressive regimens and vasculitic disease. Conclusion The present study analyzed the frequency and hallmarks of cases of HSV-1 associated pneumonitis that occurred in a comparatively large cohort of patients with rheumatologic autoimmune diseases. In an area of controversy, this study provides further evidence that HSV-1 causes isolated pneumonitis in the immunocompromised. The study may provide an estimate on the frequency of relevant HSV-1 infection and bacterial agents in outpatients with autoimmune disease.

VoIP applications went mainstream, although the underlying protocols are still undergoing constant development. The SIP protocol being the main driver behind this has been analyzed, fuzzed and put to the test before, but interoperability weaknesses still yield a large field for attacks. This presentation gives a short introduction to the SIP protocol and the threats it exposes; enough to understand the issues described. A SIP stack fingerprinting tool will be released during the talk which allows different stacks to be identified and classified for further attacks. The main part focuses on practical attacks targeting features from caller ID spoofing to Lawful Interception. Various attack vectors are pointed out to allow further exploit development. Hendrik Scholz is a lead VoIP developer and Systems Engineer at Freenet Cityline GmbH in Kiel, Germany. His daily jobs consist of developing server side systems and features as well as tracking down bugs in SIP stacks. He earned his Bachelor in Computer Science from the German University of Applied Sciences Kiel in 2003. While studying abroad in Melbourne, Australia and working as Unix developer in Atlanta, GA and Orlando, FL, he contributed to FreeBSD and specialized in networking security issues. He released Operating System level as well as Application Layer fingerprinting tools. Having access to present and upcoming VoIP devices, hacking on these has become a spare time passion."

"VoIP applications went mainstream, although the underlying protocols are still undergoing constant development. The SIP protocol being the main driver behind this has been analyzed, fuzzed and put to the test before, but interoperability weaknesses still yield a large field for attacks. This presentation gives a short introduction to the SIP protocol and the threats it exposes; enough to understand the issues described. A SIP stack fingerprinting tool will be released during the talk which allows different stacks to be identified and classified for further attacks. The main part focuses on practical attacks targeting features from caller ID spoofing to Lawful Interception. Various attack vectors are pointed out to allow further exploit development. Hendrik Scholz is a lead VoIP developer and Systems Engineer at Freenet Cityline GmbH in Kiel, Germany. His daily jobs consist of developing server side systems and features as well as tracking down bugs in SIP stacks. He earned his Bachelor in Computer Science from the German University of Applied Sciences Kiel in 2003. While studying abroad in Melbourne, Australia and working as Unix developer in Atlanta, GA and Orlando, FL, he contributed to FreeBSD and specialized in networking security issues. He released Operating System level as well as Application Layer fingerprinting tools. Having access to present and upcoming VoIP devices, hacking on these has become a spare time passion."

Background: Infliximab, a chimeric anti-tumour necrosis factor monoclonal antibody with potent anti-inflammatory effects, represents an effective treatment option in patients with severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Serious side-effects of such an immunomodulating therapy are speculated and therefore we reviewed our clinical experience in a retrospective safety study looking upon a single cohort of 100 IBD patients from a large German University Hospital. Methods: 100 patients with severe Crohn's disease (n = 92), ulcerative colitis (n = 7) or indeterminate colitis (n = 1) treated with infliximab (5 mg/kg) from January 2000 to December 2003 were retrospectively analysed for acute and subacute adverse events by chart review. Results: Overall, infliximab therapy was generally well tolerated. No fatal complications, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, neurologic or cardiovascular complications were observed in the cohort during the study period. Overall, adverse events were observed in 10 patients: 2 patients showed an acute infusion reaction, 1 patient a serum sickness-like reaction, in 4 patients a bacterial or viral infection occurred, in 1 patient pancytopenia and 2 patients developed surgical complications. Only 6 patients with adverse events required admission to hospital. A case of tuberculosis after infliximab was not found. The lack of adverse side-effects was associated with young median age and infrequent comorbidities of the cohort. Conclusion: Regarding its strong immunomodulating capacity, infliximab appears to be an efficient and relatively safe therapeutic option for patients with severe IBD. However, the use of infliximab requires careful screening and close patient monitoring to identify patients at risk and the infrequent, but sometimes serious complications of infliximab. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel.