Podcasts about bombings

The bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, on December 21, 1988, remains one of the deadliest and most controversial terrorist attacks in modern history. A bomb hidden inside the Boeing 747 exploded at approximately 31,000 feet, killing all 259 people aboard and 11 residents on the ground. What followed was an enormous … Continue reading Episode 523: Lockerbie Disaster – The Bombing of Pan Am Flight 103

Meta settles a multi-state lawsuit alleging the technology company intentionally got young people addicted to their Facebook and Instagram media platforms, causing them harm, for $18 billion as a trial was underway in California; President Donald Trump and his senior trade adviser Peter Navarro defend U.S. tariffs on Canada that led this week to equal tariffs from Canada in response and the start of what could be a prolonged trade war; President Trump at the urging of radio talk show host Glenn Beck says he will look into easing beef processing regulations to bring down the price of meat. President earlier said he will allow more beef imports tariff free. We will talk about it with Washington Examiner White House reporter Naomi Lim (20); Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. is questioned about the measles deaths of two unvaccinated people in Pennsylvania; Head of International Atomic Energy Agency is asked about Iran's nuclear program; On this fifth anniversary of the deadly bombing at Abbey Gate in Kabul, Afghanistan during the U.S. military withdrawal, Defense Secretary Peter Hegseth honors Marines who acted heroically that day; Campaign 2026 roundup of Tuesday's elections in South Carolina, Oklahoma and Georgia. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Last week Treasury secretary Scott Bessent directed his department to double its purchase of treasuries, in an attempt to bring down the price. Of course, it backfired. Today on the show, Rob Armstrong and Katie Martin pick apart the Trump administration's unprecedented behaviour and wonder how long the US can keep borrowing as it has. Also, they go short the dollar and long stockpiling canned food. Save 10% on tickets to the London FT Weekend Festival with the code FTPodcast. Visit ft.com/festival to find out more.For a free 30-day trial to the Unhedged newsletter go to: https://www.ft.com/unhedgedoffer.You can email Robert Armstrong and Katie Martin at unhedged@ft.com.Read a transcript of this episode on FT.com Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

On Aug. 24, 1970, UW-Madison's Sterling Hall was bombed in protest of the Vietnam War. The explosion killed a physics researcher, injured others, and caused millions of dollars of damages. Three of the four alleged bombers served prison sentences, while the fourth, Leo Burt, has never been seen since.  A UW Libraries oral history project from 2010 archives the memories and accounts of Madisonians who lived through the blast. Some of their voices are featured on this episode. Plus, host Bianca Martin chats to UW oral historian Troy Reeves about the event and its lasting impact on the Madison community 56 years later. This episode was originally published on Aug. 25, 2025. 

On this episode, Garrett and Payton dive into the case of Ildiko Krajnyak, a successful spa owner whose life was tragically cut short by a mysterious explosion at her spa. Links: Netflix Video Every Monday @11am PST, 12pm MST, 2pm EST 1pm CST https://www.netflix.com/murderwithmyhusband Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/murderwithmyhusband NEW MERCH LINK: https://mwmhshop.com Discount Codes: https://mailchi.mp/c6f48670aeac/oh-no-media-discount-codes Twitch: https://www.twitch.tv/themwmh Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/murderwithmyhusband/ Watch on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@murderwithmyhusband Listen on Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/into-the-dark/id1662304327 Listen on spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/36SDVKB2MEWpFGVs9kRgQ7?si=f5224c9fd99542a7 Case Sources: Justice.gov - https://www.justice.gov/usao-cdca/pr/long-beach-man-sentenced-life-prison-bombing-aliso-viejo-spa-attack-killed-his-ex?bm-verify=AAQAAAAN_____5vC8xIQMf-OeVQ1m3a9u04U1BdcRjmwkfsMSUZoeMlvKcN04ScwJiYwmFZEFUOWryhD2CuEMDy0TWKB0dV-Tqqj1oDud7Pyget6PrhRGcFaFkdLPDa-sW01CKkb1VPEmkGv73dkRahI1Og8eR1_gSIb_vdSG4WErRWYWs9iUQ9nvVlp3bD86-k7yzyQcDKPXWU5lMWOVzWezAAaAME-bMFIy-t2SKa9rzbQ-FIjImSsx3oOiClqhTeXV4NE2d0Ci-YB8PkPgd5vQBO2giImCeLe1-SWu_WWMf7GjwDIjnvHM0q1ge3x6EQA84tFSuKFW1eephMmSYX-hdqPEyHlFa25s1uD2Co3CGuZ269ByfPN-47sgd6sv5aiklLP8Sd94auzvnLtt3jnR3SgXzs PeacockTV.com - https://www.peacocktv.com/watch/playback/vod/_/f77604d6-ba0b-3091-bf1e-8cf4d5e3e531?paused=true BBC.com - https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44157819 ABC7.com - https://abc7.com/post/aliso-viejo-bombing-spa-sentenced/14340689/ Medium.com - https://medium.com/@spikytv786/ildiko-krajnyak-murder-where-is-stephen-beal-now-39c7d953d4f7 CBSNews.com - https://www.cbsnews.com/news/stephen-william-beal-ex-charged-blast-that-killed-california-day-spa-owner-ildiko-krajnyak/ People.com - https://people.com/inside-ildiko-krajnyak-bomb-murder-dateline-11875836 NBCNews.com - https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/california-bomber-wife-dies-new-details-before-blast-dateline-rcna137641 CourtHouseNews.com - https://www.courthousenews.com/california-man-gets-life-sentence-for-day-spa-bombing-that-killed-his-ex-girlfriend/ FoxLA.com - https://www.foxla.com/news/stephen-beal-sentence-aliso-viejo-deadly-bombing Oxygen.com - https://www.oxygen.com/crime-time/stephen-beal-arrested-in-connection-with-spa-explosion-that-killed-ildiko-krajnyak NY1.com - https://ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/ap-top-news/2024/01/19/man-sentenced-to-life-plus-30-years-in-2018-california-spa-bombing-that-killed-his-ex-girlfriend NPR.org - https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/05/17/611932563/fbi-arrests-rocket-builder-former-boyfriend-of-woman-killed-in-california-explos LAMag.com - https://lamag.com/news/long-beach-man-life-sentence-blowing-up-spa-to-kill-girlfriend/ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

Nearly twelve years after the Thanksgiving 1985 bombing at Hilltop Mobile Home Park, investigators received a tip that shifted their attention to Michael Roy Toney, a 31-year-old man with a lengthy criminal history. After a five-month investigation and grand jury proceedings, Toney was indicted for the bombing deaths of Joe Blount, his 15-year-old daughter Angela Blount, and his 18-year-old nephew Michael Columbus.Toney's capital murder trial began in early May 1999 in Fort Worth. Susan and Robert Blount testified and nearly 80 pieces of physical evidence recovered from the destroyed trailer and the victims were presented. Prosecutors argued that the Blount family had not been the intended target and that Toney had mistakenly placed the briefcase bomb outside the wrong trailer.The prosecution's case relied heavily on testimony from Toney's former wife and estranged friend, who both testified that they accompanied Toney to a business beside Hilltop Mobile Home Park on Thanksgiving Day 1985 and that Toney carried a briefcase away from his truck and returned without it. The defense challenged both accounts and emphasized that there was no physical evidence presented at trial connecting Toney to the bomb. They also returned attention to former Hilltop resident Mikey Huff, who had been investigated repeatedly over the years.On May 20, 1999, after approximately four hours of deliberation, the jury found Michael Roy Toney guilty of capital murder. During the punishment phase, more witnesses provided damning testimony against him.If you have any information about the murders of Joe and Angela Blount and Michael Columbus, please call the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives tipline at (888) 283-8477.You can support gone cold and listen to the show ad-free at patreon.com/gonecoldpodcastFind us at gonecold.com For Gone Cold merch, visit gonecold.dashery.comFollow gone cold on Facebook, Instagram, Threads, TikTok, YouTube, and X. Search @gonecoldpodcast at all or just click linknbio.com/gonecoldpodcast#JusticeForJoeBlount #JusticeForAngelaBlount #JusticeForMichaelCoilumbus #FortWorth #TarrantCounty #Texas #TX #TexasTrueCrime #ColdCase #TrueCrimePodcast #Podcast #Unsolved #MissingPerson #Missing #Disappeared #Disappearance #Vanished #Murder #UnsolvedMurder #UnsolvedMysteries #Homicide #CrimeStories #PodcastRecommendations #CrimeJunkie #MysteryPodcast #ATF #FBI #BombingBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/gone-cold-texas-true-crime--3203003/support.

Jeremy Zakis, Part Two: Zakis reports on springtime in New South Wales, beginning with magpie breeding and swooping season—the start of nesting and defensive "dive-bombing" behavior, contrasted with the birds' remarkable memory and facial recognition that allow them to remember friendly locals. He notes the arrival of docile currawongs peacefully sharing garden space and pet biscuits with local magpies and dogs. The conversation turns to protecting ecosystems amid housing demands: addressing Australia's housing shortage by re-zoning and building dense apartment blocks in existing suburbs rather than clearing native bushlands and koala habitats. Finally, Zakis examines the Ashescricket re-evaluation—how England's tactical victory over Pakistan under new captain Joe Root signals a return to conservative cricket, forcing Australia to rethink its youthful Ashes strategy. (2)

Shortly after the 1985 bombing murders of Joe Blount, Angela Blount, and Michael Columbus, early suspicion fell on people connected to Hilltop Mobile Home Park, including drug dealers and Angela's 15-year-old classmate. Despite rumors and circumstances that drew investigators to the teenager, the ATF ultimately eliminated him in the initial investigation.Months later, in 1986, an Azle businessman became a person of interest after an ATF operation. Although the circumstances that led to his arrest looked like a promising lead in the Blount Family bombing, agents but were also unable to connect him. Later that year, another potential lead emerged after a major North Texas drug raid in which authorities recovered weapons and explosive materials. Following the unfortunate trend, it went nowhere.Ten years later, federal, state, and local investigators assembled a new task force and began again from the beginning. It led back to the 15-year-old classmate of Angela Blount who was a suspect in the original investigation. His telephone was tapped and witnesses testified before a grand jury, but they chose not to indict.In 1997, one telephone tip finally sent agents and investigators in a new direction. By December of that year, the task force reported they had witnesses capable of placing the bomb in their suspect's hands. After the longest-running investigations in ATF history, authorities announce that they expect a capital murder indictment and an arrest in the bombing murders.If you have any information about the murders of Robert and Angela Blount and Michael Columbus, please call the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives tipline at (888) 283-8477.You can support gone cold and listen to the show ad-free at patreon.com/gonecoldpodcastFind us at gonecold.comFor Gone Cold merch, visit gonecold.dashery.comFollow gone cold on Facebook, Instagram, Threads, TikTok, YouTube, and X. Search @gonecoldpodcast at all or just click linknbio.com/gonecoldpodcast#JusticeForJoeBlount #JusticeForAngelaBlount #JusticeForMichaelColumbus #FortWorth #TarrantCounty #Texas #TX #TexasTrueCrime #ColdCase #TrueCrimePodcast #Podcast #Unsolved #MissingPerson #Missing #Disappeared #Disappearance #Vanished #Murder #UnsolvedMurder #UnsolvedMysteries #Homicide #CrimeStories #PodcastRecommendations #CrimeJunkie #MysteryPodcast #ATF #FBI #BombingBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/gone-cold-texas-true-crime--3203003/support.

We think Donna is messing up the office keyboard with her "yogurt fingers," but she says it's just makeup. What is worse?! We do a warm up for late night talk show Weekly Trivia Face-Off. ABFAB: Don't forget Ciao Bella in Edina for great Italian food. Plus, you've been listening to Seal's "Kiss From a Rose" all wrong and what it's like smelling like a douche!The Pop-Tart x BuzzBallz collab has us baffling and praying for people's stomachs, Margaret Qualley let her dogs out in those ridiculous Chanel resort sandals and Bad Bunny and his dog cover Dogue, HOT TRAILERS: "Whalefall" and "Wicker," and BIG FAT THEATER REVIEW: Colleen watched "Dirty Dancing: The Musical" SCREEN QUEENS: Jason has a reality TV observation through "The Real Housewives Ultimate Girls Trip: Roaring 20th," Colleen checked out the interesting Netflix documentary, "A Child of My Own," and Holly investigated "The Bombing of Pan Am 103." Plus, big ratings for "Lanterns!" And we play Weekly Trivia-Face: Late night talk show edition! See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Jason has a reality TV observation through "The Real Housewives Ultimate Girls Trip: Roaring 20th," Colleen checked out the interesting Netflix documentary, "A Child of My Own," and Holly investigated "The Bombing of Pan Am 103." Plus, big ratings for "Lanterns!" See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

On 21 December 1988, Pan Am Flight 103 was flying from London to New York when a bomb exploded on board as the aircraft passed over the Scottish town of Lockerbie.All 259 passengers and crew were killed, along with 11 people on the ground. With 270 lives lost, the Lockerbie bombing remains the deadliest terrorist attack ever carried out on British soil.But nearly four decades later, the story of Lockerbie is far from over.As the case returns to the headlines and a new trial approaches in the United States, we revisit one of the most significant and complex stories ever covered on Seeing Red.Who was responsible for the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103? How did investigators piece together an extraordinary international investigation from the wreckage scattered across hundreds of square miles? And why, 38 years later, do questions surrounding Lockerbie continue to provoke controversy?As Seeing Red marks its eighth anniversary, we're looking back at some of the cases that have stayed with us long after we first covered them — beginning with a tragedy that changed hundreds of families, a small Scottish town, and the history of international terrorism forever.This is Lockerbie.http://www.youtube.com/@seeingredtruecrimepodcastwww.patreon.com/seeingredpodcast⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.buymeacoffee.com/seeingredtw⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.seeingredpodcast.co.ukTheme music arranged and composed by Holly-Jane Shears: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠www.soundcloud.com/DeadDogInBlackBag⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The dangers of the woke revolution and its impact on Western civilization. Seth discusses the growing influence of Islamist extremism and its infiltration into mainstream society, citing examples of politicians and public figures who are promoting Sharia law and Islamic ideology. The conversation also touches on the erosion of free speech and the consequences of labeling criticism of Islam as "Islamophobia." The Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) Joint Terrorism Task Force have thwarted an attempted bombing of the New York Capitol in Albany, arresting and charging Jessica Bowie, a 35-year-old convert to Islam and supporter of the Islamic State; commonly known as ISIS. We're joined by Johnny Estes, Vice President of Operations, of CMI Gold & Silver. Seth and Mr. Bill discuss Producer David Doll's early departure. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Joanna Coles joins Kevin Fallon for a summer pop culture catch-up, sharing her unfiltered takes on Christopher Nolan's The Odyssey, Tom Holland, Zendaya, Robert Pattinson, Matt Damon and the future of Hollywood movie stars. They also debate Taylor Swift and Travis Kelce's celebrity wedding, whether Hollywood glamour is dead, why One Night Only removed its sex scenes, and the best TV shows to binge this summer, including Furious, The Five Star Weekend and Netflix's The Bombing of Pan Am 103. #ad Receive 50% off your first order on any of Hiya's products. To claim this deal you must go to hiyahealth.com/OTP. Follow Kevin Fallon on Instagram ⁠⁠@kpfallon⁠⁠ Follow Matt Wilstein on Instagram ⁠⁠@mattjwilstein⁠⁠ Follow Obsessed on Instagram ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠@beastobsessed⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

At 9:02 a.m. on April 19, 1995, a rented Ryder truck packed with explosives detonated outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. The blast destroyed much of the building, killed 168 people, including 19 children in a daycare centre and injured hundreds more.The bomber was Timothy McVeigh, a former Army soldier whose anti-government extremism had hardened into violence. He was stopped on a weapons charge less than 90 minutes after the bombing, and investigators quickly connected him to the truck and the attack. McVeigh was convicted in 1997 and executed in 2001; his co-conspirator, Terry Nichols, received life in prison.For America, Oklahoma City was a brutal awakening. It showed that mass-casualty terrorism could come not from abroad, but from within and it left a city, hundreds of survivors, and the families of 168 victims carrying the consequences forever.

The US military has been conducting deadly strikes on boats it says are carrying drugs off the coast of Latin America. Now, the US Defense Department says it's expanding that maritime campaign to land. Also, the death of Jason Arday, a Black professor at the University of Cambridge, has sparked a debate in Britain over the media scrutiny he faced in the weeks leading up to his death. And, a new survey shows that some young people across Africa think USAID cuts could be a positive moment of change for the continent. Plus, Afghanistan could see its first woman in space. Learn about your ad choices: dovetail.prx.org/ad-choices

On Thanksgiving night in 1985, Joe and Susan Blount were spending the holiday with their children, teenagers Angela and Robert, at their home in the Hilltop Mobile Home Park outside Fort Worth. Joining them for dinner were Joe's brother, Ray, and Ray's teenage son, Michael Columbus.Later that evening, Ray left, Susan went to lie down, and Joe, Angela, Robert, and Michael drove to a nearby convenience store for ice cream and beer. While they were gone, someone knocked at the Blount's door, but when Susan looked outside, she saw no one. When the others returned about twenty minutes later, they discovered a brown leather briefcase sitting on the top step outside the front door and took it inside.At approximately 9:15 p.m., an explosion ripped through the mobile home, killing Joe Blount, Angela Blount, and Michael Columbus instantly. Robert was blown through the front door and was badly burned, while Susan escaped from the rear portion of the burning trailer unharmed, at least physically.Investigators soon determined that the explosion was not an accident. Someone had constructed a bomb, concealed it inside the briefcase, and deliberately left it outside the Blount family's home. But determining who left it there and who the bomb was actually intended to kill would prove far more difficult.More than forty years later, the questions remain unanswered.If you have any information about the murders of Robert and Angela Blount and Michael Columbus, please call the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives tipline at (888) 283-8477.You can support gone cold and listen to the show ad-free at patreon.com/gonecoldpodcastFind us at gonecold.comFor Gone Cold merch, visit gonecold.dashery.comFollow gone cold on Facebook, Instagram, Threads, TikTok, YouTube, and X. Search @gonecoldpodcast at all or just click linknbio.com/gonecoldpodcast#JusticeForJoeBlount #JusticeForAngelaBlount #JusticeForMichaelCoilumbus #FortWorth #TarrantCounty #Texas #TX #TexasTrueCrime #ColdCase #TrueCrimePodcast #Podcast #Unsolved #MissingPerson #Missing #Disappeared #Disappearance #Vanished #Murder #UnsolvedMurder #UnsolvedMysteries #Homicide #CrimeStories #PodcastRecommendations #CrimeJunkie #MysteryPodcast #ATF #FBI #BombingBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/gone-cold-texas-true-crime--3203003/support.

Episode 388: The Confessions of a Comedian: What They Don't Tell You About Stand-Up - Bombing, Jealousy & Success by Live From America Podcast

Scott brings Robert Pape back on the show. They discuss the difficult situation Trump is in as he tries to find a face-saving way out of his war with Iran. But first, Scott and Pape look back at Pape's career and previous conflicts like Iraq War I and Bosnia to assess how reliable the model he's using to analyze this current war is. Discussed on the show: Bombing to Win: Air Power and Coercion in War by Robert A. Pape The Escalation Trap Robert A. Pape is Professor of Political Science and Director of the University of Chicago Project on Security and Threats and the author of Bombing to Win: Air Power and Coercion in War. Follow him on Twitter @ProfessorPape  Sign up for the Scott Horton Academy of Foreign Policy and Freedom at scotthortonacademy.com For more on Scott's work: Check out The Libertarian Institute: https://www.libertarianinstitute.org Check out Scott's other show, Provoked, with Darryl Cooper https://youtube.com/@Provoked_Show Read Scott's books: Provoked: How Washington Started the New Cold War with Russia and the Catastrophe in Ukraine https://amzn.to/43D82oY (The audiobook of Provoked is being published in sections at https://scotthortonshow.com) Enough Already: Time to End the War on Terrorism: https://amzn.to/4eMQblu Fool's Errand: Time to End the War in Afghanistan https://amzn.to/4a5fKvx Follow Scott on X @scotthortonshow And check out Scott's full interview archives: https://scotthorton.org/all-interviews This episode of the Scott Horton Show is sponsored by: Tax Attorney Matt Sercely https://agoristtaxadvice.com; Moon Does Artisan Coffee https://scotthorton.org/coffee; Tom Woods' Liberty Classroom https://www.libertyclassroom.com/dap/a/?a=1616 and Dissident Media https://dissidentmedia.com; and Crowdhealth https://www.joincrowdhealth.com/ (use promocode Horton) You can also support Scott's work by making a one-time or recurring donation at https://scotthorton.org/donate/ or https://patreon.com/scotthortonshow Audio cleaned up with the Podsworth app: https://podsworth.com Use code HORTON50 for 50% off your first order at Podsworth.com to clean up your voice recordings, sound like a pro, and also support the Scott Horton Show! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

 Download Audio. Scott brings Robert Pape back on the show. They discuss the difficult situation Trump is in as he tries to find a face-saving way out of his war with Iran. But first, Scott and Pape look back at Pape's career and previous conflicts like Iraq War I and Bosnia to assess how reliable the model he's using to analyze this current war is. Discussed on the show: Bombing to Win: Air Power and Coercion in War by Robert A. Pape The Escalation Trap Robert A. Pape is Professor of Political Science and Director of the University of Chicago Project on Security and Threats and the author of Bombing to Win: Air Power and Coercion in War. Follow him on Twitter @ProfessorPape  Sign up for the Scott Horton Academy of Foreign Policy and Freedom at scotthortonacademy.com For more on Scott’s work: Check out The Libertarian Institute: https://www.libertarianinstitute.org Check out Scott’s other show, Provoked, with Darryl Cooper https://youtube.com/@Provoked_Show Read Scott’s books: Provoked: How Washington Started the New Cold War with Russia and the Catastrophe in Ukraine https://amzn.to/43D82oY (The audiobook of Provoked is being published in sections at https://scotthortonshow.com) Enough Already: Time to End the War on Terrorism: https://amzn.to/4eMQblu Fool's Errand: Time to End the War in Afghanistan https://amzn.to/4a5fKvx Follow Scott on X @scotthortonshow And check out Scott's full interview archives: https://scotthorton.org/all-interviews This episode of the Scott Horton Show is sponsored by: Tax Attorney Matt Sercely https://agoristtaxadvice.com; Moon Does Artisan Coffee https://scotthorton.org/coffee; Tom Woods' Liberty Classroom https://www.libertyclassroom.com/dap/a/?a=1616 and Dissident Media https://dissidentmedia.com; and Crowdhealth https://www.joincrowdhealth.com/ (use promocode Horton) You can also support Scott's work by making a one-time or recurring donation at https://scotthorton.org/donate/ or https://patreon.com/scotthortonshow Audio cleaned up with the Podsworth app: https://podsworth.com Use code HORTON50 for 50% off your first order at Podsworth.com to clean up your voice recordings, sound like a pro, and also support the Scott Horton Show!

Dr. Jesse is asked why we don't just bomb Kharg Island, and there's a few reasons. The dangers of being addicted to the internet. We're hooked on illegals.Follow The Jesse Kelly Show on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@TheJesseKellyShowSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

The show kicked off with NFL preseason talk and coaching rants before derailing into Mumford & Sons, the 'Jerry Recco Beach Party,' and the Atlanta Hawks' bird-calling schedule release. A show sheet typo then sparked debates on Boomer's legacy and old Playboy clubs, followed by updates on a Yankees loss, Jacob deGrom's fatigue, and people who film in public just to argue. Things got wild when Gio pitched a 'Surprise Penis' show idea—prompting endless caller reactions and Boomer bathroom talk—before a shift to The Bombing of Pan Am 103 Netflix show. Finally, the crew wrapped up with more preseason outlooks, sports highlights from Edwin Diaz and Jon Gruden, and 'Surprise Penis' taking home Moment of the Day.

Gio kicks things off by pitching a Netflix show idea called ‘Surprise Penis', leading into a caller wondering if Boomer will let WFAN use his voice for commercials once he retires. Another caller claims Boomer isn't a real man because he can only go number two at home, which prompts a flood of calls on ‘surprise penis'. Jerry returns for his update featuring audio of the overnight producer unable to answer Gordon Damer, and the hour closes with Gio diving into the Netflix show The Bombing of Pan Am 103.

Flashback to our 6th episode when Amy took a deep dive on the Oklahoma City Bombing, and we were new at podcasting...

Narcissism, narcissistic abuse, and NPD get thrown around constantly online, and most of what circulates is wrong. In this episode, licensed marriage and family therapist Kati Morton walks through what narcissistic personality disorder actually is (all nine DSM criteria, and why five or more are required for a diagnosis), the difference between covert and overt narcissism, and the specific behavior patterns that make a relationship abusive: love bombing, gaslighting, trauma bonding, DARVO, flying monkeys, isolation, and intermittent reinforcement. She also covers the gray rock method, the signs you're walking on eggshells in your own home, and how healing from narcissistic abuse actually works. If you've been wondering whether what you experienced counts, or whether the person in your life is a narcissist or simply selfish and hurtful, this one is for you. Timestamps 0:00 Everyone thinks everyone's a narcissist 1:07 What narcissistic personality disorder actually is: five of nine criteria 3:20 Covert vs. overt narcissism 9:22 What narcissistic abuse means 9:48 Love bombing, and how it differs from someone just being kind 13:49 Gaslighting 19:11 No accountability, no apology, no repair 22:19 Monitoring, isolation, and turning you against the people who love you 24:22 Trauma bonding and the abuse cycle 27:25 DARVO 30:45 The gray rock method 34:30 Flying monkeys 36:57 Why they aren't nasty all the time 40:02 Intermittent reinforcement 40:47 Signs you're living in this dynamic 43:50 How healing actually happens 46:27 Reconnecting with the people you lost touch with 49:16 A better question than "what's wrong with me" 53:33 Afraid you'll end up with another narcissist This episode is brought to you by Rebound, offering specialized virtual trauma therapy in all 50 states, founded by survivors and psychologists. Head to https://hellorebound.com/askkatianything to learn more and check your insurance. Using that link is a direct way to support the podcast, so even if you're only curious, take a minute to look. Ask Kati Anything ep. 327 | Your mental health podcast, with Kati Morton, LMFT MY BOOKS Why Do I Keep Doing This? https://geni.us/XoyLSQ Traumatized https://geni.us/Bfak0j Are u ok? https://geni.us/sva4iUY ONLINE THERAPY If you're looking for a therapist, BetterHelp can connect you with a licensed online professional: https://betterhelp.com/kati (enjoy 10% off your first month) This is an affiliate link, which means a portion of your signup helps support the podcast at no extra cost to you. PARTNERSHIPS Nick Freeman | nick@biglittlemedia.co Disclaimer The information provided in this video is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as medical or mental health advice. It should not be used to diagnose or treat any health problem or disease. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment. Viewing this content does not establish a therapist-client relationship. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Während Hanna ihr Leben ab Release auf GTA6 abändern wird, zeigt sich Adam im aktuell SJ Weekly immun gegen die Rockstar-Gehirnwäsche, die die halbe Welt fasziniert. Dennoch sind natürlich genug spannende Themen und Releases zu diskutieren. Etwa die Erfolge an den Kinokassen durch Spidey und Nolan, aber auch Casting von „Heated Rivalry“, eine Doku zu „Gilmore Girls“ oder Neuigkeiten von „The X-Files“? Die Wahrheit zur Lebendigkeit des Mystery-Franchise ist irgendwo da draußen.Im Review-Teil berichten wir von unseren Eindrücken zu „President Curtis“ und Staffel vier von „Reacher“, „München Beats“, aber auch „Ted Lasso“, einigen Netflix-Chartstürmern und dem Film „The End of Oak Street“.Hier geht's zur Heated-Rivalry-Podcastfolge mit Adam: https://www.heatedrivalrypod.de/22-so-what-do-you-want-to-doTimestamps:0:00:00 GTA6 bei Netflix? 0:07:30 Spideyssay lasen die Kinokassen klingeln0:09:40 Kein Squid-Game-Universe bei Netflix von David Fincher? 0:13:20 Release the Carter-Cut! Kommt erneut Akte-X zurück?0:22:30 Heated Rivalry geht weiter…0:25:00 Gilmore Girls, neue Doku bei HBO Max0.26:30 München Beats0:30:30 Ted Lasso Staffel 40:32:00 Tip Toe0:35:00 Murder in a Small Town, The Bombing of Pan Am 103, President Curtis0:39:00 Reacher Staffel 40:41:00 Gladiators - Show der Giganten0:45:30 The End of Oak Street0:49:00 SerienstartsHanna Twitter/ X: https://twitter.com/HannaHuge Bluesky: https://bsky.app/profile/mediawhore.bsky.social Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/mediawhore Adam: Twitter/ X: https://twitter.com/AwesomeArndt Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/awesomearndt/ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@AwesomeArndt Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Wedding updates, wedding regrets, and Julia eating crow about Brad Pitt! Lori looks back at her first wedding as the countdown to Julia's son's big day continues, while the ladies share their Top 10 wedding regrets. Plus, they're loving Sterling Point, The Shards, Imperfect Women, Loot, Sugar, Reacher, and The Bombing of Pan Am 103, plus a look at The Odyssey: The Making of an Epic. Then Julia finds something horrifying in the kitchen—and Lori delivers a very Lori vocabulary lesson.0:00 — Intro 3:41 — Dress polling and wedding outfit discussion 9:04 — The Top Wedding Regrets 13:24 — Lori's first wedding 25:40 — Brad Pitt blew it 35:37 — Must-watch TV: Sterling Point, The Shards, Imperfect Women, Loot, Sugar, Reacher, The Bombing of Pan Am 103 45:14 — Something in the kitchen makes Julia SCREAM 50:33 — A very Lori vocabulary lessonTHANK YOU TO OUR SPONSORS:InVision Distinctive Eyewear: https://www.invision-optical.com/Borton Overseas: https://www.bortonoverseas.com/loriandjulia/Twin Cities Closet Company: https://www.tcclosets.com/ CONNECT WITH USInstagram: @loriandjuliaTikTok: @loriandjuliaListen on Spotify/Apple Podcasts: loriandjulia.comSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

www.patreon.com/theconspiracypodcastMost people, when they hear "World Trade Center," think of one date. But eight years before September 11th, the Twin Towers were already a target — and the man behind it wanted to bring down both buildings at once.On February 26, 1993, Ramzi Yousef detonated a truck bomb in the parking garage beneath the North Tower, hoping to topple it sideways into the South Tower and kill a quarter of a million people at lunchtime. He failed — but not by much. Six people died, over a thousand were injured, and roughly 50,000 people evacuated through smoke-filled stairwells in what was, at the time, the largest evacuation in American history.In this episode, Eric, Sean, and Jorge dig into the story almost nobody remembers: the co-conspirator who got caught because he wanted his $400 deposit back, the FBI informant whose secretly recorded tapes suggest the bombing could have been stopped, the now-debunked Iraq conspiracy theory that helped shape a war, and the bomb-maker who vanished into Baghdad and has never been found. They also trace the single $660 wire transfer that connects this attack to Yousef's uncle — a man named Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who would return eight years later to finish what his nephew started.This is Episode 163, and the official start of the show's lead-in to the 25th anniversary of 9/11.Patreon members get early access to every episode in this series, plus exclusive bonus content not available anywhere else.

Chuck Heinz and Jamie Lent talk about Rangers building for something, Regan bombing USSR joke, Space Jam, top receiver for Texas Tech Football, and comments from Chuck Heinz.

Helen and Gavin chat about The Bombing of Pan Am 103, One Night Only, Muana, and Spider-Man: Brand New Day, and it's Week 56 of the list of Grammy Record of the Year Winners from 2014, which will be picked from Get Lucky by Daft Punk feat. Pharrell Williams & Nile Rodgers, Radioactive by Imagine Dragons, Royals by Lorde, Locked Out of Heaven by Bruno Mars, and Blurred Lines by Robin Thicke feat. T I & Pharrell Williams. Support the show by buying us a coffee: buymeacoffee.com/thelistoflists Subscribe to our YouTube channel: youtube.com/@thelistoflistspodcast

Billabong Presents… Two hours of Power with Smiv and Deadly taking on the biggest stories ins surf including… The GOAT astonishingly wiped from the history books on the eve of his Teahupoo comp comeback, our Chang Lords forced to share beds on tour but who’s keeping who safe from the boogie man? Is it Italo’s line-up etiquette or pasta binging that makes him the tour’s most hated man? Sharknado continues to churn AND can St Mick of Penrith save Australian Surfing from it’s worst start to a year ever?See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode of The PDB Afternoon Bulletin:  First—Washington is quietly rethinking one of its core assumptions about the war in Ukraine. U.S. intelligence now reportedly believes Vladimir Putin may be willing to challenge NATO directly through a limited military or hybrid attack designed to probe Western resolve. If they're right, it could mark one of the most dangerous shifts in the war since Russia's full-scale invasion. Later in the show—Russian officials now believe last weekend's deadly restaurant bombing in Moscow was aimed at one of Vladimir Putin's top generals. We'll examine the emerging evidence, the suspected Ukrainian connection, and why Russia's senior military leadership appears increasingly vulnerable—even in the heart of the Russian capital. To listen to the show ad-free, become a premium member of The President's Daily Brief by visiting PDBPremium.com. Please remember to subscribe if you enjoyed this episode of The President's Daily Brief. YouTube: youtube.com/@presidentsdailybrief Quince: Refresh your wardrobe with timeless, high-quality pieces from Quince—go to https://Quince.com/PDB for free shipping and 365-day returns! Lean: Get 20% off plus free rush shipping when you go to https://TAKELEAN.com and use code PDB Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This week, we're covering everything from the powerful documentary The Bombing of Pan Am 103 to the unlikely recipe consisting of canned peaches. Consider it your weekly culture catch-up with a few delicious detours.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

If you've ever walked away from a conversation with your mother feeling confused, doubting yourself, or wondering how you somehow ended up apologizing...I've got your back.Today we're unpacking some of the most common manipulation tactics daughters experience: Word salad, gaslighting, DARVO, and love bombing and, more importantly, how to stop getting pulled into them.Because healing isn't just recognizing the pattern. It's learning how to step out of it.

Well, this might be the most depressing SCREEN QUEENS ever! Jason watched the first episode of the Netflix limited series, "The Bombing of Pan Am 103." Holly attempted to finish the documentary, "My Grandfather Charles Manson" on Hulu. And Colleen checked out "My Father The BTK Killer" on Netflix. See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Detailing the history behind Operation Gladio, led by the CIA during the throes of the Cold War and involving America's stay-behind involvement in Europe, specifically Italy.Support us directly: https://www.redwebpod.comOur sponsors:Factor - Head to http://Factormeals.com/redweb50off and use code redweb50off to get 50% off and free daily greens per box!Quince - Head to Quince.com/redweb for free shipping on your order and 365-day returns.This show is sponsored by BetterHelp. See if BetterHelp is right for you at http://BetterHelp.com/redwebFrom the 1960s through the 1980s, Italy was a political no-man's land. The far right and far left were in a constant state of intense battle, with murders, kidnappings, and bombings happening everywhere. In the throes of the Cold War, no one suspected that the constant upheaval could be an inside job. But was it Italy's own government, with the help of the CIA, causing this political turmoil, or a coincidental bystander? Today, we're investigating Operation Gladio.Sensitive topics: Bombings, suicide, death, terrorist attacksSubmitted by Task Force member Girder Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Join Chris and his guest, Former FBI Special Agent Jeff Wood, as he talks about never-before-heard details on how the FBI helped catch the Boston Marathon Bombers.FACTS: The Boston Marathon Bombing happened ON April 15, 2013 when brothers Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, 19, and Tamerlan Tsarnaev, 26, planted two homemade pressure cooker bombs that detonated near the finish line. The blast killed five people -- Krystal Campbell, Lu Lingzi, Martin Richard, Officer Sean Collier and Sgt. Dennis Simmonds -- and left 260 people injured, including 17 people that lost limbs. After an exhaustive manhunt, police captured one of the bombing suspects, Dzhokhar. His older brother Tamerlan died in a shootout with police.

Recording one more before starting a new job Monday, Ghost packs this episode with a full week's worth of chaos. It opens with a Bannon War Room clip on the migrant surge into Ceuta, the tiny Spanish enclave in Morocco, and how Italy's Giorgia Meloni is now threatening to suspend Spain from the Schengen zone over it. Ghost digs into why Spain has historically been less loyal to Israel than the rest of Europe, then wades into the online firestorm over a resurfaced Yair Netanyahu tweet and clips of Charlie Kirk and Tucker Carlson discussing Jewish donor funding of open border politics. From there it's Laura Loomer's increasingly cartoonish pro Ukraine media blitz, including an interview with the founder of the Azov Battalion, some reflections on Lindsey Graham's funeral, and a deadly bombing at a Moscow restaurant that reportedly killed two Russian generals. A sprawling, unfiltered catch up episode.

Love bombing can feel exactly like the beginning of the relationship you've always wanted.The chemistry is instant. They want to see you all the time. They talk about the future, make you feel special, and everything seems to move at lightning speed. Then, just as quickly, something changes. The messages become less frequent, they start pulling away, and you're left wondering whether any of it was real.In this episode, Matthew breaks down three simple ways to tell the difference between genuine interest and love bombing. He explains why intensity isn't the same as intimacy, the warning signs many of us miss in the early stages of dating, and how to protect yourself without becoming cynical about love.If you've ever found yourself questioning whether someone's feelings were real—or worrying about getting swept up too quickly—this episode will help you date with more confidence and clarity.Have a question about your own dating or relationship? Ask Matthew AI at AskMH.com Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

The story we're being sold about Iran doesn't survive contact with the facts: if Iran's military is supposedly “obliterated,” why are US bases still getting hit and US troops still dying? We unpack that disconnect with Larry Johnson, walking through the mechanics of Iran's survivable deterrent from underground ballistic missiles to a layered Strait of Hormuz defense that mixes mines, small submarines, underwater drones, fast boats, coastal cruise missiles, and aerial drones. When the threat network is built to hide, move, and reappear, victory slogans don't matter nearly as much as geography and logistics. We also pressure-test the escalation chatter. If talk of “shaping operations” is meant to hint at a larger strike campaign or even a ground option, we lay out why the math turns brutal fast, using Qeshm Island as a concrete case and comparing what that kind of operation demanded at Okinawa. We then shift to what mounting casualties, shifting public opinion, and credibility gaps mean for US decision-making as the Pentagon and politicians try to manage the narrative. Finally, we connect the battlefield to your wallet and to the biggest strategic risk on the board. We trace how chokepoints like the Strait of Hormuz and Bab al Mandab ripple into global energy markets, sour crude availability, diesel and jet fuel supply, and broader economic pressure. Then we confront the question nobody wants to answer: does escalation push Iran to “review” its nuclear doctrine and demonstrate a nuclear capability as a deterrent? If you care about US foreign policy, Middle East war, shipping lanes, oil prices, and nuclear proliferation risk, this conversation puts the pieces together. Subscribe, share the episode, and leave a review, what do you think is the most realistic off-ramp from here?

Howie is joined by Pollster John McLaughlin to discuss the upcoming mid-terms, and he ask John how candidates reach voters. Then, Gov. Healey doesn't see why Conan Harris, husband of Rep. Ayanna Pressley, should divest and more. See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Richard Marquise led the FBI's investigation into the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, one of the deadliest acts of terrorism in modern history and the largest international criminal investigation ever conducted. In this re-air of our conversation, Richard takes us inside the decades-long hunt for answers: the evidence recovered from Scottish fields, the international cooperation the case demanded, and what it meant to carry a promise to 270 victims and their families for nearly forty years. We're revisiting this episode now as Netflix's The Bombing of Pan Am 103 — starring Patrick J. Adams as Richard, premieres globally on July 30th, bringing this story to a new generation. Richard is a retired FBI Special Agent and author of Scotbom: Evidence and the Lockerbie Investigation. Reality Life with Kate Casey Summer Reading List: https://katecasey.substack.com/p/books-i-cant-stop-talking-about-this Vanity Fair Article: https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/story/martha-moxleys-diary What to Watch List: https://katecasey.substack.com Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/katecasey Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/katecaseyca Tik Tok: https://www.tiktok.com/@itskatecasey?lang=en Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/113157919338245 Amazon List: https://www.amazon.com/shop/katecasey Twitter: https://twitter.com/katecaseySee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

July 28, 2026; 6pm: Late-night comedian Jon Stewart criticizes President Trump over his performance at the White House Correspondents' Dinner. MS NOW's Ari Melber reports and is joined by political strategist Chai Komanduri. Plus, from Bruce Springsteen to rap music, protest music is surging as artists take on President Trump. Melber is joined by Dropkick Murphys' Ken Casey and Rolling Stone's Brian Hiatt. To listen to this show and other MS podcasts without ads, sign up for MS NOW Premium on Apple Podcasts. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

FILE 15. Headline: The Iran War: A Strategy Stuck in Stalemate Guest: Jonathan SAYEH and Bill Roggio Summary: After twelve days of intense US bombing, there is confusion regarding the long-term plan for achieving behavior change in Tehran. Jonathan Schanzer argues that the regime remains ideologically committed to power and is unlikely to offer concessions for money alone. Furthermore, Iran's capability to launch ballistic missiles remains significant, and the IRGC has not yet felt the impression that a total regime collapse is imminent.

Kate discusses what to watch this week including The Last Guest of the Holloway Motel (Apple TV), The Bombing of Pan Am 103 (Netflix), and The Idaho Murders: College Nightmare (Netflix). Reality Life with Kate Casey Summer Reading List: https://katecasey.substack.com/p/books-i-cant-stop-talking-about-this Vanity Fair Article: https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/story/martha-moxleys-diary What to Watch List: https://katecasey.substack.com Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/katecasey Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/katecaseyca Tik Tok: https://www.tiktok.com/@itskatecasey?lang=en Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/113157919338245 Amazon List: https://www.amazon.com/shop/katecasey Twitter: https://twitter.com/katecaseySee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

John Batchelor discusses the current tensions between Iran and the United States with Ambassador Husain Haqqaniand Bill Roggio following a sudden halt in American bombing. Haqqani explains that both nations are seeking a diplomatic "off-ramp," though they face severe internal political constraints that prevent either a ground invasion or a total surrender. Bill Roggio adds that while secret talks are likely, reports of depleted US munitions might be influencing the decision to pause military action. (1)

After weeks of relentless airstrikes and escalating tensions, the war in Iran entered an unusually quiet weekend. The United States paused its bombing campaign, and Iran largely held back its retaliatory attacks, creating the first real lull in the fighting in weeks. But is this the beginning of diplomacy—or just both sides reloading for the next phase? In today's episode of The Rush Hour, we break down what this temporary calm means, why oil markets reacted immediately, and how the fighting may simply be shifting elsewhere as Houthi attacks on Saudi oil infrastructure continue to raise fears of a broader regional conflict. We'll also discuss what to watch for this week as negotiations continue behind the scenes and whether this pause can actually hold.

Last time we spoke about the Japanese offensive at Changsha. In late September 1941, fighting in China had become a brutal struggle of endurance. Japanese forces kept pushing forward, but China—though battered by heavy losses—refused to yield. Help from abroad was slowly beginning to matter. American aid reached China through groups like the Red Cross, and volunteers later associated with the Flying Tigers offered crucial support to Chinese operations. Against this backdrop, Changsha in Hunan became the center of a dangerous autumn campaign. Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalist leadership treated the city as strategically vital, knowing that its fate could influence the wider course of the war. In the end, the resistance at Changsha showed China's key advantage: resilience. The city's defense helped slow the Japanese advance, break up momentum, and create uncertainty as the campaign continued.   #212 The Autumn Battle of Changsha, 1941 Welcome to the Fall and Rise of China Podcast, I am your dutiful host Craig Watson. But, before we start I want to also remind you this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Perhaps you want to learn more about the history of Asia? Kings and Generals have an assortment of episodes on history of asia and much more  so go give them a look over on Youtube. So please subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry for some more history related content, over on my channel, the Pacific War Channel where I cover the history of China and Japan from the 19th century until the end of the Pacific War. In late September 1941, the war in China had already entered its fifth year. By then the conflict had lost whatever remained of novelty and had settled into something harsher and more exhausting: a long war of attrition fought across enormous distances, under conditions of chronic shortage, strategic uncertainty, and repeated local catastrophe. Japan still possessed formidable military strength. Its armies could strike hard, move fast, and exploit superior firepower, air support, and communications in individual campaigns. Yet the larger shape of the war had begun to change. China had not collapsed. The Nationalist government still stood. Chinese armies, however battered, still held the field. The line between survival and defeat remained dangerously thin, but it had not broken. This was the situation in which the autumn campaign in Hunan and Hubei unfolded.   The struggle around Changsha did not occur in isolation. It belonged to a wider military and political moment. In Europe, the war had already expanded into a continent-wide convulsion. Germany and the Soviet Union were locked in a massive struggle after the German invasion in June. Leningrad was under threat, Kiev had become the scene of disaster, and the approach of the battle for Moscow suggested that still greater bloodshed lay ahead. Stalin had pressed Churchill to open a second front in Europe and had been refused. The global balance of war was shifting, but not yet in any way that guaranteed relief to China.   In Asia, Japan continued to press forward. The pressure on China remained immense. Yet by mid-1941 China's position, though still precarious, no longer looked quite as desperate as it had in earlier years. International sympathy had grown. Material aid, however limited, was beginning to take more concrete form. In July, the American Red Cross sent China medical supplies worth millions of dollars. In August, more than a hundred retired American pilots and mechanics came together to aid China against Japan. The air unit they formed, later celebrated as the Flying Tigers, meant more than aircraft and personnel alone. It signaled that China's war was no longer quite so isolated. That change in atmosphere did not produce calm in Chongqing. It sharpened urgency.   For Chiang Kai-shek, the possibility that the international situation might slowly improve for China carried with it a hard implication: China had to endure long enough to benefit from it. That meant surviving not in abstract terms, but in particular places, against particular offensives, at moments when a local defeat might have consequences far beyond the immediate battlefield. In the autumn of 1941, one of those places was Changsha. Changsha had long occupied an outsized place in the military geography of the war. It stood as the capital of Hunan, a hinge between regions, and a vital position in the defense of central China. Its security affected the Xiang River basin, communications across the province, and the broader defensive posture shielding approaches toward the wartime capital. To lose it, even temporarily, would be more than a symbolic blow. It would threaten the larger balance of the front in south-central China and test whether Japanese offensives could still force dramatic strategic results.   At the same time, the battle for Changsha was not a simple contest between one Chinese army and one Japanese army facing each other across a fixed line. It was part of a larger operational struggle linking the Ninth War Zone with supporting actions from the Third, Fifth, and Sixth War Zones. It involved frontal resistance, hurried reinforcement, mobile defense, rear harassment, and the constant effort to turn Japanese momentum into Japanese overextension. Chinese commanders were trying not merely to survive a blow, but to absorb it, stretch it, and eventually strike back against an enemy whose speed could become a liability once supply lines lengthened and formations dispersed. This was the burden resting on the Military Commission in Chongqing.   There, while reports arrived in fragments and maps were revised hour by hour, Chiang Kai-shek spent long stretches in the operations room watching the situation in Hunan and Hubei develop. He had already ordered the various war zones to support the Ninth War Zone's operations, and now he followed the campaign with intense concentration. His attention moved repeatedly toward reports from the Sixth War Zone and Chen Cheng's counteroffensive toward Yichang, for Yichang was tied not only to local fighting in Hubei but also to the defense of the Yangtze approach and therefore to the security of Chongqing itself. In his mind, Hunan and Hubei had become the focal point of China's war effort in that season.   Meanwhile at the front, the situation was deteriorating fast. Japanese forces pressing into northern Hunan had already imposed severe strain on the Chinese defense. Blocking units had been battered back. Communications were uncertain. Some formations fought stubbornly but could not hold; others dissolved more quickly than hoped. The Japanese advance toward Changsha created exactly the kind of crisis Chinese commanders feared most: one in which the enemy moved with enough force and speed to threaten a major city before a coherent defensive response could be reassembled. Chinese units had to be thrown into action as they arrived, often after exhausting marches, often with incomplete knowledge of the situation, and often under immediate pressure from artillery, aircraft, and aggressive infantry assaults. Yet even at this dangerous stage, the campaign contained an opportunity as well as a threat.   The deeper Japanese units pushed into Hunan, the more exposed their rear became. Supply depots, transport lines, and communications stretched farther behind the spearhead. Chinese formations that had been driven aside were not always destroyed; some remained capable of reappearing to strike roads, depots, and isolated detachments. If Changsha represented the visible center of the struggle, the enemy rear represented its hidden vulnerability. The Chinese aim, therefore, was not simply to defend passively around the city. It was to combine stubborn resistance in front with harassment and disruption behind, so that Japanese advance would become increasingly difficult to sustain. The battle that followed unfolded under these pressures: a threatened city, a strained but unbroken defense, commanders forced to improvise under severe danger, and a wider international war that made every local decision feel heavier than the ground on which it was taken.   This subtle improvement in China's larger situation did not mean safety. China was still battered, under-resourced, and vulnerable. Japanese forces still possessed enormous advantages in mobility, firepower, and air power in many sectors. Large parts of the country remained occupied or threatened. Yet by mid-1941 something in the atmosphere had changed. In July, the American Red Cross sent China medical supplies worth millions of dollars. In August, more than a hundred retired American pilots and mechanics came together to aid China in its struggle against Japan. The air unit they formed would become famous under the name by which China knew them: the Flying Tigers. Their significance exceeded their immediate tactical value. They represented a visible sign that China was not entirely abandoned to isolation.   For Claire Chennault, romantic, aggressive, and optimistic by temperament, the new situation encouraged increasingly bold thoughts. For the first time he included in his planning the idea that Japanese home territory might one day be bombed from bases in China. Such schemes were ambitious and perhaps premature, but their very existence reveals an altered horizon of possibility. A country that imagines striking back is already psychologically in a different position from one concerned only with preventing collapse.     Yichang mattered directly to the fighting in Xiangbei, but it also mattered independently. It was tied to the security of the Yangtze approach and therefore to the defense of Chongqing. It belonged not only to the immediate problem of battlefield maneuver but to the larger question of whether China could do more than absorb Japanese offensives. Could Chinese forces exploit enemy overstretch? Could Japanese advances be turned into liabilities? Could local counterattacks and rear harassment generate effects greater than the raw size of the forces involved? By September 1941, these questions were no longer hypothetical. They were urgent. In Chiang's mind, Hunan and Hubei had become the focal point of China's war effort in that season.   The struggle around Changsha was central to that effort. From Chongqing, Chiang telegraphed Commander Xue Yue of the Ninth War Zone with instructions that made both the danger and the opportunity plain. The message emphasized that the enemy in northern Hunan, though still pressing hard, had already been bravely intercepted by Chinese units and was now exhausted, with lines of advance increasingly difficult to sustain. This, Chiang argued, created an excellent opportunity for Chinese forces to strike at the enemy's rear and seek annihilation rather than mere delay. He urged officers and soldiers alike to remain determined to destroy the enemy. Even if Japanese troops advanced to the vicinity of Changsha itself, Chinese forces were to renew their efforts, maintain their confidence in victory, and prevent the enemy from establishing a foothold.   The telegram also pointed to the broader operational picture. Japanese troops drawn from the sectors of the Fifth and Sixth War Zones had been committed to the invasion of northern Hunan, leaving their rear areas dangerously exposed. The Third, Fifth, and Sixth War Zones had launched supporting offensives on the twenty-third. Therefore, the Ninth War Zone had to strike resolutely and fiercely, preventing the Japanese from coordinating their forces and frustrating any attempt to occupy Changsha. The message was at once exhortation and operational logic. It reflected the core Chinese problem in the campaign: the Japanese thrust was dangerous and had to be blocked, but the very speed and depth of that thrust could also expose the attacker. Yet by the time Chiang sent his instructions, the danger around Changsha was already severe. After the 74th Army had been beaten back, there was no major Chinese force north of the city that could confidently block the Japanese advance in a straightforward, stable line. The Japanese 4th Division, together with the Hayabuchi Detachment, had defeated the 95th Division of the Chinese 37th Army and pushed toward Changsha. The prospect that the city might fall, at least temporarily, was no longer remote.   In response, Xia Chuzhong's 79th Army from the Sixth War Zone was ordered to move toward the city. Its vanguard was Wang Jiaben's 98th Division. That movement was a forced march in the literal sense. It was not a flourish of language but an admission of emergency. Troops were pushed beyond ordinary endurance because there was no time to gather strength under favorable conditions. Changsha could not wait for convenience, rest, or ideal concentration. Either reinforcements arrived in time to fight immediately, or they arrived too late to matter. Wang Jiaben was no stranger to battle. A veteran officer from the Yunnan Army, he had fought the Japanese repeatedly—more than twenty times since the outbreak of the War of Resistance. He belonged to that generation of commanders who had been shaped by the fragmented military politics of Republican China but whose careers were now being rewritten by the national emergency of the anti-Japanese war.   During the First Battle of Changsha, he had already distinguished himself. He led troops in a counterattack along the Tongcheng line in southern Hubei and intercepted retreating Japanese forces at Longmenchang and Changshoujie, killing more than a thousand enemy soldiers. He had experience, reputation, and a sense of what it meant to fight in the Changsha theater. This time he marched from Changde, driving his division forward with all possible speed. By noon on September 26 the 98th Division reached a position about two kilometers northeast of Changsha. There was scarcely time to settle the men. No careful preparation was possible. They had arrived because the city was in danger, and battle began almost at once. At dusk the division engaged the Hayabuchi Detachment.   The fighting continued until late in the night without decisive result. That in itself was costly enough. Troops who have just completed a punishing march are already close to the limits of their endurance. To be thrown immediately into combat magnifies every weakness: thirst, fatigue, confusion, and the difficulty of building fieldworks under pressure. What the soldiers of the 98th Division could do that night, they did with their hands and whatever tools they had. They scraped positions out of the earth. They assembled makeshift cover. Officers moved along the line trying to impose order on terrain that had become a battlefield almost as soon as it was occupied. At dawn on September 27 the Japanese intensified the pressure from the air.   More than twenty aircraft bombed the 98th Division's positions, tearing apart the earthworks that officers and soldiers had spent the night constructing. Bombing had a double effect. Physically, it damaged positions, wounded men, and disrupted preparations. Psychologically, it reminded defenders that they were being observed from above and struck by an enemy against whom they could often do little in the sky. Immediately after the bombing came a fierce infantry assault. Wang Jiaben and several other commanders went down to their respective regiments to supervise the fighting personally. This was dangerous, but under such circumstances commanders often believed that presence itself mattered. When fieldworks are collapsing, shell bursts are continuous, and communications are unreliable, authority must sometimes be carried by a body rather than a wire. The defenders held.   Again and again the Japanese attacked. Again and again they were repulsed only to reorganize and come on once more. Every minute the Chinese line remained in place was bought with blood. Fallen and wounded men were carried rearward in what seemed an endless stream. The cost of resistance accumulated visibly before the eyes of those still fighting. By noon even water could no longer be delivered to the front. That detail reveals the intensity of the battle more clearly than many grander statements could. A line that cannot be supplied even with water has reached a condition of severe strain. During brief pauses in the fighting, officers and soldiers pulled out dry rations and chewed them slowly, swallowing with difficulty while they waited for the next attack. Such moments are among the most characteristic in battle: not the long, smooth continuity imagined in peacetime rhetoric, but brief interludes of miserable necessity between explosions. At two in the afternoon the crisis deepened sharply.   A unit of the Japanese 4th Division worked its way behind the 98th Division's position and attacked from the rear. This was the kind of tactical development every defending commander dreads. A force can endure heavy frontal pressure if its line remains coherent and its rear reasonably secure. But when enemy troops appear behind a position, the entire structure of defense begins to dissolve. There, behind the line, were more than a hundred Chinese wounded awaiting evacuation. Japanese soldiers attacked them with bayonets. One of the wounded Chinese soldiers, already beyond ordinary capacity for resistance, rushed forward and detonated a grenade against a Japanese attacker. It was an act of desperation, but also of defiance. The episode captures something essential about the tone of the battle around Changsha. This was not a neat engagement between organized lines alone. It was a desperate collision in which even the badly wounded were drawn into last resistance. For Wang Jiaben, however, the tactical reality was impossible to deny. If he stayed where he was, the division might be annihilated. Personal courage could not alter encirclement. Resentfully, bitterly, and under the kind of pressure that leaves permanent scars on a commander's memory, he ordered retreat. When he led the survivors off the battlefield, fewer than half his men remained.   Reinforcements from another direction now entered the struggle. The Provisional 2nd Army of the Seventh War Zone dispatched the Provisional 8th Division under Zhang Junsong. At seven in the evening on September 27, Zhang's force arrived at Zuojiatang on the eastern outskirts of Changsha. Personnel of the Ninth War Zone waiting there reported grim news: a Japanese detachment had already entered the city that afternoon, and another detachment was only three kilometers away. The situation invited rashness. A commander arriving near a threatened city at dusk, with reports that the enemy is already inside, may feel compelled to hurl troops forward immediately in a gesture of resolution. Yet night fighting in an urban approach without adequate reconnaissance can turn courage into waste. Zhang Junsong considered the matter carefully. He concluded that to rush blindly into the city at night would likely produce confusion and heavy losses. Instead he first sought to strike the enemy outside the city. His troops deployed quietly and crept forward through the darkness, launching a probing attack. But they soon discovered that the Japanese were fully prepared and not vulnerable to easy surprise. The line could not be broken. With no prospect of success, the force withdrew.   The moment is revealing because it shows how narrow the margin had become. Chinese commanders were trying to recover initiative while still groping through uncertainty. Reports were incomplete, Japanese dispositions difficult to fix, and every hour dangerous. On the evening of September 28, the 79th Army's 6th Provisional Division occupied Yuelu Mountain west of Changsha. From that height officers and soldiers looked across the Xiang River toward the city. Changsha, for the first time, was in Japanese hands. The emotional force of that sight can only be imagined. Changsha had lived for years under threat. It had been defended, contested, prepared, and feared. The possibility of its loss had hovered over military planning and public consciousness alike. Now the danger had become fact. A city that had stood as an object of effort and anxiety was visibly occupied by the enemy. No single feeling could have governed the men who saw it. There must have been anger, shame, weariness, and dread—but also stubbornness. For in war a city seen in enemy hands is not always simply lost. Sometimes it is a summons.   Late that night Zhao Jiping, commander of the 6th Provisional Division, received a telegram from Xue Yue. He read it and then stood before the map for a long time. Days of anxiety began to lift. He was not alone in that reaction. Many Chinese generals involved in the campaign had felt that they were fighting a confused and chaotic battle. Japanese movements had been broad, rapid, and difficult to pin down. The Ninth War Zone had thrown numerous units into blocking actions, yet both well-regarded formations and weaker, improvised units had repeatedly failed to hold. After ten days of combat, Chinese losses were heavy. But Japanese forces too had been worn, stretched, and damaged. Only now, as the Japanese reached the apparent culmination of their advance, did the Ninth War Zone begin to recover rhythm. Chaos did not disappear, but it became more legible. The possibility of a more ordered counteroffensive emerged.   In the early hours of September 29, Zhao Jiping issued the order to force a crossing of the Xiang River and attack the enemy in Changsha. The preparations consumed the entire day. River crossings under combat conditions are among the most delicate operations in war. Boats must be assembled or found. Units must be organized into waves. Timing matters. Surprise matters. The location of landing points matters. The men themselves matter most of all, because they must sit exposed in fragile craft knowing that the real test will begin not in the middle of the river but at the far bank. Late that night the division crossed secretly by boat in six groups. The crossing itself went well enough. The river did not betray them. The groups made progress in darkness. Yet everyone involved understood that smooth movement on the water did not guarantee success. The crucial question was what waited at the landing points. It was expected that the troops going ashore at Daximen would be first to meet the Japanese. Once battle began there, the rest of the crossing accelerated.   Chinese soldiers landed, attacked fiercely, and drove the enemy back from the riverbank. The momentum of the assault mattered. In such moments hesitation on shore can doom an entire crossing, but aggression can seize a foothold before the defender fully stabilizes. By the time Chinese forces entered the city, dawn was breaking. Then came street fighting. Changsha had ceased to be an objective on a map. It became again what cities become in war: a place of corners, walls, alleys, debris, smoke, and sudden death. Fighting in a city strips away much of the abstraction through which campaigns are often remembered. Streets channel movement. Buildings become cover, obstacles, or traps. Distances shrink but danger multiplies. A few men behind masonry can delay many more. Noise magnifies confusion. The city itself seems to fragment into a hundred separate battlefields. For Changsha, the long season of anxious anticipation ended in direct flame.   Yet to understand the campaign only through the struggle at Changsha would be incomplete. While the city drew attention as the central prize, another set of operations was unfolding across Hunan and Hubei—less dramatic in appearance perhaps, but strategically significant. These were the actions of the 27th Army Group under Yang Sen. If the fighting around Changsha demonstrated the pressure of frontal battle, Yang Sen's operations illustrated another principle entirely: the stubborn, opportunistic use of weaker forces to harass, sting, and trouble a stronger enemy from behind. The 27th Army Group was composed largely of Sichuan troops. Their presence speaks to one of the larger political transformations of the war. Republican China had long been fractured by regional militarism. Armies had often owed stronger loyalty to commanders, provinces, or local power structures than to any unified national command. Yet the anti-Japanese war compelled a partial reordering of those loyalties. Many warlord forces, however imperfectly integrated, now turned their weapons outward under Nationalist command.   There were exceptions. Some men, like Han Fuqu, had preserved their own strength at the cost of military responsibility and lost both opportunity and honor in doing so. But in the main, especially among middle and lower-ranking officers and ordinary soldiers, the imperative of national survival overrode provincial identity. Men from distant regions marched and fought in terrains not their own because the war no longer permitted a narrow conception of interest. Yang Sen himself was an old warlord soldier, one of those figures formed in the fractured military world of earlier decades. By 1941 he was deputy commander of the Ninth War Zone and commander-in-chief of the 27th Army Group. Along the Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi border he had long been cautious in his operations.   At the beginning of the northern Hunan battle, his troops proved unable to withstand the force of the Japanese offensive and retreated in disorder into mountains and forests. That fact should not be softened. They were pushed back. But retreat did not mean disappearance. This is where Yang Sen's role became important. Once the main Japanese force had advanced far ahead, the troops that had scattered began to reemerge. They knew the terrain. They knew the roads, villages, passes, and wooded approaches. If they could not defeat the Japanese in a grand collision, they could search for openings behind the advancing columns.   On September 20, as the Japanese main force drove into the heart of northern Hunan, Yang Sen led elements of the 4th, 58th, and 20th Armies in pursuit for an entire day. The main body of the 4th Army had already been badly beaten at the Xinqiang River line, and only the 60th Division, recently transferred from the 37th Army, remained relatively intact. That single fact sharply defined the weakness of his means. He was not pursuing with fresh and powerful forces prepared for a decisive encounter. He was pursuing with fragments, survivors, and such units as still retained some offensive potential. But the Japanese, intent on rapid advance southward, paid too little attention to what followed behind them. That was the opening Yang Sen needed.   On the morning of September 21, the 60th Division acted on information supplied by an old beggar. Such details often sound almost literary, but they remind us that war in China was never fought by armies alone. Villagers, refugees, peddlers, guides, boatmen, and the destitute all participated in the circulation of military knowledge. A beggar could see what a reconnaissance officer had missed. On the basis of that tip, the 60th Division launched a surprise attack on the supply depot of the Japanese 40th Division at Zhangjiayuan. Division Commander Dong Yu led the action.   The Chinese quickly overwhelmed the more than three hundred Japanese troops guarding the depot. Once they broke in, they discovered an astonishing quantity of matériel: shell boxes, ammunition, food, medicine, gasoline, explosives, protective clothing, telephone wire, body bags, stretchers, and more, all stacked beneath heavy canvas. For men accustomed to scarcity, it must have seemed almost unreal. Dong Yu, delighted, is remembered as exclaiming to his deputy commander, "It's practically a department store!" The line has a momentary comic brightness in the middle of war, and that is part of why it survives. But its deeper significance lies in what it reveals. A modern army advancing deep into hostile territory is sustained by accumulation—ammunition, fuel, wire, medicines, rations, transport materials. To seize such a depot is not merely to take objects. It is to grasp the hidden skeleton of movement. Dong Yu then issued a one-word order: "Move."   At once the whole division became a swarm of carriers. Officers and soldiers grabbed whatever they could and began hauling the captured supplies away. The scene must have been one of extraordinary improvised energy—riflemen transformed into laborers, war reduced for a moment to the brute physical act of lifting, dragging, and carrying. They moved like ants dismantling a storehouse. But there was too much to remove and too little time. Before even two regiments had completed the work, the Japanese returned in force. Enraged, they sent more than a dozen aircraft to bomb the troops carrying off the captured crates, while over a thousand infantrymen rushed in on the ground. Dong Yu immediately ordered the men to abandon what remained and destroy it. Amid deafening explosions, the 60th Division withdrew from Zhangjiayuan. The Japanese pursued hard, driving them back into the mountains before finally stopping. Measured purely in terms of territorial occupation, the action changed little. The Chinese did not hold the depot. They were forced back again. But judged in operational terms, the raid mattered. Supplies had been captured, destroyed, or disrupted. Japanese rear security had been embarrassed. Time and energy had been consumed in response. In a campaign where the Japanese were racing south and depending increasingly on stretched lines, such harassment was not trivial.   After September 23, Yang Sen expanded these efforts. He sent whole divisions to harass the Japanese rear while also dispatching battalions and companies to ambush supply columns and disrupt transport lines. This was not the kind of warfare that produces neat dramatic maps in conventional military histories. The actions were scattered, local, opportunistic, and often inconclusive. Yet precisely for that reason they can be misunderstood. Not every useful military action ends in the destruction of an enemy division. Sometimes its value lies in forcing a stronger opponent to spend attention where he had hoped to spend only momentum. These operations were costly and uncertain. Small Chinese units striking roads and depots risked encirclement or aerial punishment. Yet they possessed one advantage: they did not need to win a grand battle to matter. They needed only to make movement harder, supply more precarious, and the rear less secure.   On September 25, even after the 26th and 37th Armies had suffered defeat elsewhere, Yang Sen gathered the troops that still retained some offensive capacity and launched another attack. In these actions, the 90th Division captured Wukou; the 59th Division reached the north bank of the Miluo River; the 60th Division advanced to Donggang; and elements of the 58th Army controlled the Yuanba–Zheyangqiao highway line by the twenty-sixth. These gains were not the dramatic centerpiece of the campaign. But they formed part of the cumulative pressure on Japanese operations. Every road contested from the rear, every convoy threatened, every depot exposed, and every forced diversion of troops weakened the enemy's ability to convert tactical advance into stable success.   The battlefield was fluid enough that Yang Sen's headquarters itself had to keep moving—from the Miluo River northward to Pingjiang. Mobile headquarters in such conditions lived under constant uncertainty. Reports arrived late or contradictory. Rumors outran facts. The front could bend in unpredictable ways. A command post that seemed safely behind the line in the morning might by afternoon lie only a few kilometers from enemy forces. Years later Mao Jiuyin, who had then served as an operations staff officer under Yang Sen, recalled the old commander's outward behavior in those dangerous days. Yang Sen, Mao remembered, was always joking with the people around him and could still laugh and talk during battle. On one occasion he even joked with his bodyguard about putting chili oil in his tea. To younger staff officers, such behavior appeared almost absurd.   Yet they knew how dangerous their situation often was. Sometimes they were only a few kilometers from the main Japanese forces. There is more than anecdote in this memory. Old commanders often cultivated a style of ease under danger not because they felt no fear, but because they believed visible calm itself was part of command. Men take emotional bearings from those above them. A commander who panics spreads panic faster than any enemy breakthrough. Yang Sen was sixty years old during the Second Battle of Changsha, and he liked to remark that he was five years older than Chiang Kai-shek. Age had not removed him from the front. His function in the campaign was not to shatter the enemy in one decisive frontal blow. It was to persist, reappear, sting, and remain troublesome. The 27th Army Group followed the Japanese nearly all the way to the outskirts of Changsha.   They did not fight many large set-piece engagements. That was never their main value. But the Japanese could not ignore them. If Japanese units turned and tried to hit them directly, they tended to dissolve into the landscape. If the Japanese pushed on and ignored them, they reappeared to sabotage roads, hit supply lines, and create alarms in the rear. Even Japanese official histories later described them memorably. They called them "like a swarm of annoying flies." The phrase was meant as contempt. But as so often happens in war, an insult became an accurate description of effect. If these Chinese troops could not be tigers in formal battle, they could still become intolerable as flies. And under certain conditions—fatigue, heat, uncertainty, stretched supply, shaken morale—flies can become more oppressive than an enemy would like to admit.   When later generations look back on campaigns, they often search for a single explanatory image. But the fighting of September 1941 resists reduction to one symbol alone. What gives the campaign its force in memory is not one isolated episode, but the convergence of several pressures at once: a city under threat, a command trying to coordinate multiple fronts, exhausted reinforcements thrown directly into battle, Japanese forces advancing quickly but becoming increasingly vulnerable the farther they pushed, and Chinese troops in the rear refusing to disappear after defeat. Seen from Chongqing, the campaign was a matter of telegrams, maps, and the management of strategic risk. Seen from the front, it was a matter of thirst, mud, broken fieldworks, sudden bombing, exhausted marching, and the uncertainty of whether the next order meant reinforcement, retreat, or death. Seen from the Japanese side, it was initially an aggressive advance toward an important objective, but one increasingly troubled by stretched supply, difficult terrain, and the persistent reappearance of Chinese forces behind the line of movement.   At the same time, the campaign reveals a Chinese war effort that had become more resilient than in the earliest years of the conflict. The Japanese advance toward Changsha was dangerous and at moments appeared close to success. Chinese blocking forces suffered severe defeats. Units arrived exhausted and were hurled into action at once. Commanders lost men at devastating rates. Changsha itself briefly fell into enemy hands. And yet the city was not simply surrendered as an accomplished fact. Chinese forces regrouped. Orders were coordinated across war zones. Reinforcements marched at desperate speed. Counterattacks were mounted. Forces west of the Xiang prepared and crossed back into the city. Elsewhere, troops under Yang Sen gnawed at the Japanese rear and made advance more costly than a map of front lines alone might suggest. This combination of desperate frontal resistance and incessant rear harassment was one of the characteristic strengths of China's resistance in this stage of the war. China could not always match Japanese power in one concentrated blow. But it could absorb, delay, fragment, and trouble that power across space and time. That is why the struggle around Changsha in late September 1941 deserves to be remembered not merely as a sequence of engagements, but as a layered event in which tactical battle, morale, logistics, political endurance, and international context all converged.   I would like to take this time to remind you all that this podcast is only made possible through the efforts of Kings and Generals over at Youtube. Please go subscribe to Kings and Generals over at Youtube and to continue helping us produce this content please check out www.patreon.com/kingsandgenerals. If you are still hungry after that, give my personal channel a look over at The Pacific War Channel at Youtube, it would mean a lot to me. In late September 1941, Japan pushed deeper into China, but Chinese forces—supported gradually by international help—kept resisting. Changsha in Hunan became the central point of the conflict, seen as vital to strategic control in south-central China. Meanwhile, elsewhere in Hunan and Hubei, Yang Sen's 27th Army Group—often using smaller, opportunistic actions—reappeared behind Japanese lines to disrupt depots and convoys. Even when Chinese gains were temporary, the cumulative pressure delayed Japanese momentum.       

From March 21, 2025: For today's episode, Lawfare Foreign Policy Editor Daniel Byman interviewed Gregory Johnsen, a non-resident fellow at the Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington, D.C. Johnsen explains the rationale of the Trump administration's decision to bomb Yemen but argues that it will have little effect on the Houthis. Indeed, Johnsen contends that the Houthis are spoiling for a fight with the United States and Israel, believing that this will generate support within Yemen that will help them increase their power.To receive ad-free podcasts, become a Lawfare Material Supporter at www.patreon.com/lawfare. You can also support Lawfare by making a one-time donation at https://givebutter.com/lawfare-institute.Support this show http://supporter.acast.com/lawfare. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Husain Haqqani and Bill Roggio. Experts argue maximalist positions prevent resolution as Iran views survival as victory while the U.S. relies on ineffective bombing. Roggio emphasizes that despite pressure, the regime remains capable of striking ships, functioning as its version of a nuclear weapon. Both analysts suggest building an effective resistance takes time and secrecy, elements currently lacking in the noisy political environments of Washington and Israel. (2)1894 YEMEN