Podcasts about Caracalla

Listen to Zooming In at The UnPopulist in your favorite podcast app: Apple Podcasts | Spotify | Google Podcasts | RSS | YouTubeLandry Ayres: Welcome back to Zooming In at The UnPopulist. I'm Landry Ayres.We find ourselves in a deeply troubling moment for American democracy, grappling with the stark realities of a political landscape increasingly defined by fear, performative cruelty, and a conscious assault on established norms and institutions.This special live recording from ISMA's “Liberalism for the 21st Century” conference features host Aaron Ross Powell, as well as longtime observer of the militarization of police and author of the Substack, The Watch, Radley Balko, and co-founder and former contributor of The Bulwark, Charlie Sykes, author now of the Substack To the Contrary. They explore the mechanisms of this assault, how a manufactured crisis of fear is being weaponized by law enforcement, and the profound implications for civil liberties and the rule of law in America.The discussion is insightful, if unsettling.A transcript of today's podcast appears below. It has been edited for flow and clarity.Aaron Ross Powell: Welcome to a special live recording of The UnPopulist's Zooming In podcast here at the “Liberalism for the 21st Century” conference in Washington, D.C. I am Aaron Powell and I'm delighted to be joined by Radley Balko and Charlie Sykes to talk about the situation we find ourselves in.To me, the most striking image of Trump's campaign, months before he was reelected, was from the RNC. Before that, there was the weird one of him in the construction vest. But the most terrifying image was the one depicting the “Mass Deportation Now!” signs and the sneering and cruel faces celebrating the culture that they were wallowing in. Those faces made me think, as I was looking at them, of the faces in photographs during the Civil Rights Movement of police officers about to inflict violence, turn on firehoses, let dogs loose, and so on. And it felt like what we are seeing now.The “Mass Deportation Now!” images characterize not just the policies of Trump 2.0, but the attitude that they're trying to inflict upon the country. It feels like a rolling back of what we achieved in the 1960s from the Civil Rights Movement—it feels like we're in a retreat from that. This is a conscious attempt to roll that back. So I wanted to talk about that.Radley, I'll start with you. We're sitting in D.C. right now as National Guard troops and members of all sorts of agencies are patrolling the streets. Is this surprising to you—the pace at which these nominally public servants, who are supposed to serve and protect, have embraced this role of violence and fear and chaos?Radley Balko: I'm surprised at how quickly it's happened. I've been talking to people about this day for the last 20 years. I've been warning about the gradual militarization of our police, which is something that has happened in conjunction with the drug war and then the war on terror over 40 or 50 years.That debate was always about, “How militarized should our police be? How do we balance safety, and giving police officers what they need to protect public safety, with civil liberties and constitutional rights?” The fear was always that another Sept. 11 type event would cause what we're seeing now—that there would be a threat, a threat that everybody acknowledges as a threat, that would cause an administration, states, mayors, to crack down on civil liberties. But it would at least be a threat that everyone recognizes as a threat. We would be debating about how to react to it.When it comes to what's playing out today, there's no threat. This is all manufactured. This is all made up.Your juxtaposition of those two images—the clownish image of Trump in the construction vest and the other one depicting this genuinely terrifying anger and glee a lot of his followers get from watching grandmothers be raided and handcuffed and dragged out of their homes—show the clownishness and incompetence of this administration juxtaposed with the actual threat and danger, the hate and vitriol, that we see from his followers.We always hear that story about Ben Franklin after the Constitutional Convention: a woman comes up to him and says, “So, what is it, Mr. Franklin, do we have a republic or a monarchy?” And he says, “A republic, if you can keep it.” That phrase, of course, has been echoed throughout the ages. If Franklin were alive today, he would say, “You know, when I said that, I was worried about a Caracalla or a Sulla or a Caesar.” Instead it's like, this guy, the guy that has to win every handshake, that's who you're going to roll over for?I saw a lot of libertarian-ish people making this point before the election—that Trump's not a threat, he's a clown, he's incompetent, he's not dangerous. And you know what? He may be incompetent, but he's put people around him this time who do know what they're doing and who are genuinely evil.So, on some level, this was the worst case scenario that I never really articulated over the years when I've talked about police militarization. This is actual military acting as police, not police acting as the military. But here we are and they're threatening to spread it around the country to every blue city they can find.Powell: He's a clown, he's rightfully an object of ridicule, he doesn't know anything, he's riddled with pathologies that are obvious to everyone except him. And yet it's not just that he won, but that he effectively turned, not all of the American right, but certainly a large chunk of it into a personality cult. Charlie, given that he seems to be a singularly uninspiring personality, what happened?Charlie Sykes: Well, he's inspiring to his followers.Let me break down the question into two parts.I was in Milwaukee during the Republican Convention, when they were holding up the “Mass Deportation” signs—which was rather extraordinary, if you think about it, that they would actually put that in writing and cheer it. It's something that they'd been talking about for 10 years, but you could see that they were ramping it up.But you put your finger on this culture of performative cruelty and brutality that they have embraced. Trump has made no secret of that. It's one of the aspects of his appeal. For many, many years he's been saying that his idea of law and order is to have cops who will break heads and inflict harm. He's talked about putting razor blades on the top of the wall that Mexico was going to pay for. He's told stories about atrocities. One of his standard stories—that I think the media just stopped even quoting—was about Gen. “Black Jack” Pershing in World War I taking Muslim terrorists and shooting them with bullets that had been dipped in pig's blood. Totally b******t—he made the whole thing up. But it was an indication of a kind of bloodlust. He's talked about extrajudicial killings. He has expressed his admiration for strongmen like Duterte in the Philippines who have done this. He's talked about having drug courts that would have trials and executions the same day. So this is not a secret.What is really remarkable is the extent to which he's communicated that to his base. I mean, there are Americans who legitimately have concerns about immigration and about the border. But what he's also tapped into is this really visceral hatred of the other and the desire to inflict pain and suffering on them. I think that that is one of the ugliest aspects of his presence in our politics, and we saw that with the “Mass Deportation Now!” signs.Now, the second part is how he is implementing all of this with his raw police state, his masked brute squads sent into the city streets. And, again, he's made no secret of wanting to put active military troops into the streets of American cities. He was blocked from doing that in Trump 1.0, but obviously this is something that he's thought about and wants to do. And one of the most disturbing parts about this is the embrace of these kinds of tactics and this culture by law enforcement itself. Radley's written a lot about this. Donald Trump has gone out of his way, not only to defend war criminals, but also to defend police officers who've been accused of brutality. So he's basically put up a bat signal to law enforcement that: The gloves are off. We're coming in. There's a new sheriff in town.What's happening in Washington, D.C. is just a trial run. He's going to do this in New York. He's going to do this in Chicago. He's going to do this in one blue city after another. And the question is, “Will Americans just accept armed troops in their streets as normal?”Now, let me give a cautionary note here: Let's not gaslight Americans that there's not actually a crime problem. I think Democrats are falling into a kind of trap because there are legitimate concerns about public safety. So the argument shouldn't be: There's no crime problem. The argument should be: This is exactly the wrong way to go about dealing with it. Having mass, brute squads on the street is one step toward really running roughshod over a lot of different rights—due process rights and other constitutional rights—that most Americans are going to be reluctant to give up. But we're going to find out, because all of this is being tested right now.Balko: I'd like to jump in on the crime point. I mean, crime is down in D.C. D.C. does have a comparatively high crime rate for a city of its size. There's no question. It's always been that way here. But the idea that there's something happening right now that merits this response is what I meant when I called it a manufactured crisis.I think it's important to point out that, like you said, he's always wanted to do this. This is just the reason that he's managed to put his finger on and thinks is going to resonate.“I've been talking to people about this day for the last 20 years. I've been warning about the gradual militarization of our police, which is something that has happened in conjunction with the drug war and then the war on terror over 40 or 50 years. That debate was always about, ‘How militarized should our police be? How do we balance safety, and giving police officers what they need to protect public safety, with civil liberties and constitutional rights?' The fear was always that another Sept. 11 type event would cause what we're seeing now—that there would be a threat, that everybody acknowledges as a threat, that would cause an administration, states, mayors, to crack down on civil liberties. But there would at least be a threat that everyone recognizes as a threat. We'd be debating about how to react to it. When it comes to what's playing out today, there's no threat. This is all manufactured. This is all made up.” — Radley BalkoI do think we need to talk about crime and about what works and what doesn't. But I think it's important to acknowledge that “crime” is just the reason that he's found right now. This is something that he's been planning to do forever. Like Kristi Noem said, it is basically about deposing the leadership in these cities. In Los Angeles, she said that their goal was to “liberate” it from the socialist elected leaders.Sykes: I agree with you completely about that. I'm just saying that there is a danger of putting too much emphasis on the idea that there is not a crime problem—because in Chicago, there's a crime problem, in New York, there's a crime problem. People feel it. And, I mean, didn't Democrats learn a lesson in 2024 when there was inflation and they said, “Oh no, no, no, there's not really inflation here. Let me show you a chart. You can't think that the cost of living is a problem because here are some statistics that I have for you. There's not really a problem at the border—if you think there's a problem of immigration, a problem at the border, here, I have a chart showing you that there isn't a problem.” Well, you can't.If the public honestly thinks that there is a problem at the border, that there's a problem with inflation, and that there's a problem with crime, it's politically problematic to deny it because as David Frum wrote presciently in The Atlantic several years ago: If liberals will not enforce the border—you could add in, “or keep the city streets safe”—the public will turn to the fascists. If they think you will solve this problem and you're pretending it does not exist or you're trying to minimize it, they'll turn to the fascists.Balko: I don't want to belabor this, but I just think it's dangerous to concede the point when the premise itself is wrong.So, Trump made crime an issue in 2016, right? Recall the American Carnage inauguration speech. When Trump took office in Jan. 2017, he inherited the lowest murder rate of any president in the last 50 years. And yet he ran on crime. I think that it's important to push back and say, “Wait a minute, no, Obama did not cause a massive spike in crime. There was a tiny uptick in 2015, but that was only because 2014 was basically the safest year in recent memory.”Trump is also the first president in 30 years to leave office with a higher murder rate than when he entered it. You know, I don't think that presidents have a huge effect on crime, but Trump certainly does.So, I agree with you that we can't say crime isn't a problem, but we can also point out that crime went up under Trump and that what he's doing will make things worse.Sykes: I think these are all legitimate points to make. It's just that, Trump has this reptilian instinct to go for vulnerabilities. And one of the vulnerabilities of the progressive left is the problem of governance. If there is a perception that these urban centers are badly governed, that they are overrun with homeless encampments and crime and carjacking, then the public will see what he's doing as a solution.By the way, I'm making this argument because I think that we can't overstate how dangerous and demagogic what he's doing is. But I'm saying that this is going to be a huge fight. He's going to go into Chicago where crime is just demonstrably a problem, and where I think the mayor has an approval rating of about 12 to 16%, and he's going to say, “I am here with the cavalry.”There's got to be a better answer for this. There's got to be a way to focus on the real threat to the constitutional order that he is posing, as opposed to arguing on his ground and saying, “No, no, don't pay attention to crime, inflation, the border.”And, again, I'm making this argument because this is one that I think the country really has to win. Otherwise we are going to see militarization and an actual police state.Powell: Let me see if I can pull together some of the threads from the conversation so far, because I think there's a nexus, or something that needs to be diagnosed, to see the way through.When you [Charlie] were mentioning the bullets covered in pig's blood, what occurred to me was ... I was a kid at the height of '80s action movies. And that's the kind of thing that the bad guys did in '80s action movies. That's the kind of thing that justified the muscular American blowing them up or otherwise dispatching them.There's been a turn, now, in that we're seeing behavior from Americans that they would have at one point said, “This isn't who we are.” The Christianity that many Americans hold to, this is not the way that Jesus tells them to act. There's been a shift in our willingness to embrace this sort of thing, and it's behavior that I would have expected to horrify basically everyone watching it happening.And it is—his approval readings are declining rapidly. It is horrifying a lot of people—but fewer than I would have hoped. One of you mentioned that, on the one hand, there's the cruelty, but there's also the fear—and those are feeding into each other. And what I wonder is, yes, there's crime, but at the same time, if your media consumption habits are those of a committed Trump supporter, you are being told constantly to be afraid that everybody outside your door, except for the people who you recognize, or maybe the people who share your skin color or speak with the same accent you do, is a threat to you and your family.I see this with members of my own family who are Trump supporters. They are just terrified. “I can't ride the subway. It's too scary to ride the subway.” Or, “I go out in D.C. and I see youths doing the kinds of things youths do, and now I don't feel safe having my family there.” We don't have a war. We don't have a crisis. But we've told a huge portion of the country, “You should be afraid of every last thing except your immediate family and that guy who now rules the country.” And the crime rates are part of it. It's like, “You should be scared of every single one of these cities.”Sykes: It's a story. One of the speakers today was talking about the power of stories, that demagogues will tell a story. And a story of fear and anger is a very, very powerful story that you can't counteract with statistics. You need to counteract it with other stories.“This culture of performative cruelty and brutality is one of the aspects of his appeal. For many years he's been saying that his idea of law and order is to have cops who will break heads and inflict harm. He's talked about putting razor blades on the top of the wall that Mexico was going to pay for. He's told stories about atrocities. He would tell the story about Gen. ‘Black Jack' Pershing in World War I taking Muslim terrorists and shooting them with bullets that had been dipped in pig's blood. He's talked about extrajudicial killings. He has expressed his admiration for strongmen like Duterte in the Philippines who have done this. He's talked about having drug courts that would have trials and executions the same day. What is really remarkable is the extent to which he's communicated that to his base. He's tapped into this really visceral hatred of the other and the desire to inflict pain and suffering on them. I think that that is one of the ugliest aspects, and we saw that with the ‘Mass Deportation Now!' signs.” — Charlie SykesPart of the problem is that Trump has made that narrative. So, for example, you have members of your family who are Trump supporters. My guess is that they could name the young women who had been raped and murdered by illegal immigrants. Because, I mean, on Fox News, this is happening all the time, right? On Fox News, illegal immigrants are criminals. “Look at the crimes they are committing.” They tell that story in the most graphic way possible, and then turn around and say, “If you oppose what Donald Trump is doing, you are defending these ‘animals'”—as Trump described them.It is deeply dishonest. It is deeply dangerous. But it is potent. And we ought to look at it in the face and recognize how he is going to weaponize those stories and that fear, which is really the story of our era now. We're living in this era of peace, prosperity, general safety—and yet he's created this “American carnage” hellscape story.Balko: Yeah, I also think there's this weird paradox of masculinity in the MAGA movement. It's not about masculinity—it's about projecting masculinity. It's about co-opting aspects of masculinity. And it's like, “We're the manly men. We need men to be men again. And that's why we support men who sexually assault and sexually harass women. And, at the same time, we're all going to genuflect and debase ourselves in front of this 79-year-old man, because he's our leader and we need to let him insult our wives. And we're also scared to take the subway.” I think there were 10 murders last year in the New York city subway. The subway is one of the safest public spaces you'll find anywhere. But you'll regularly see MAGA people go on Fox News and talk about how scared they are of it.I mean, I don't know how persuadable any of MAGA is, but I do think pointing out the sheer cowardliness might resonate. When Markwayne Mullin goes on the Sunday shows and says he doesn't wear a seatbelt anymore because he's afraid he'll get carjacked and he needs to be able to jump out of his car quickly ...Sykes: ... He actually did say that.Balko: Yeah. And, I don't know what the stats are, but it's something like you're 40 or 50 times more likely to die in a car accident than you are in a carjacking. So, you know, he's sealing his own fate, I guess.But I do think that maybe there's something to appealing to their lack of masculinity when they try to push some of these narratives.Sykes: Well, yeah, I do think there are narratives out there.We have National Guard troops here in Washington, D.C.—where were they on Jan. 6th? Why did the president not bring them in then? We had one of the greatest assaults on law enforcement. So we can call b******t on Donald Trump being the “law and order,” “back the blue” president.One of the first things he did when he took office was issue the blanket pardons to all the rioters and seditionists who not only assaulted the Capitol, but specifically the ones who attacked police officers. We can stand up and say, “I don't want to be lectured by the man who gave the Get Out of Jail Free card to the people who tased and bear sprayed police officers in this city. Not to mention,”—before he brings up the whole “defund the police” thing—“the man who right now is dismantling the nation's premier law enforcement agency, the FBI.” Because all of these FBI agents who are being gutted or tasked with hassling homeless people in Washington, D.C., you know what they're not doing? They are not investigating child sex trafficking. They are not engaging in any anti-terrorism activities.So, what you do is call them out, saying, “You are not making this country safer. You are not the ‘law and order' president. You are a convicted felon. You in fact have freed and celebrated people who actually beat cops.” If Barack Obama would have pardoned someone who had attacked police officers, the right would have been utterly incandescent. And yet Donald Trump does it and he's not called out on it.I understand that there are some who are reluctant to say, “Well, no, we're actually the party of law and order. We're actually the party of public safety.” But you hit him right in what I think is a real vulnerability.Balko: One of the guys who literally told Jan. 6 rioters to kill the police is now a respected senior member of the Justice Department, whereas the guy who threw a sandwich at a cop is facing a felony charge. That is Trump's approach to law enforcement.Sykes: I always hate it when people go on TV and say, “This should be a talking point.” But that ought to be a talking point. Don't you think everybody ought to know his name? We have the video of Jared Wise saying, “Kill ‘em! Kill ‘em!” and calling the police Nazis. And he is now a top official in Donald Trump's Justice Department.Powell: This is my concern, though—and this allows me to belabor my Civil Rights Movement point some more. One of the reasons that the anti-civil rights movement, the counter-movement, was as vicious and as ugly as it was is because it was a group of people who felt like they had a status level by virtue of being white, of being men. As they saw things, “If we help minorities and others rise up, that lowers the baseline status that I have.” So they wanted to fight back. It was, “I'm going to keep these people down because it keeps me up.” And when Radley said that they're “projecting masculinity,” I think that's a big part.A big part of the appeal is, “Now I'm seeing guys like me dominating. Now I'm seeing guys who are from my area or share my cultural values or dress like me or are into the same slogans or have the same fantasies of power as I do, or just aren't the coastal elites with their fancy educations and so on, dominating.” And my worry is if that's what's driving a lot of it—that urge to domination coupled with the fear, which I think then allows them to overcome any barriers they have to cruelty—if you marry, “I can have power” and “I'm scared of these people,” that to them justifies their actions in the same way that it does the action movie heroes killing the guys who put the pig's blood on bullets. It becomes justified to inflict cruelty upon those they hate.My worry is if you go after them in that way, it feels like, “Okay, now what you're saying is these guys who look like me, who were dominating, don't actually deserve it.” I don't think that means that we stay away from it, but I think it risks triggering even more of this, “What I want is for it to be my boot on people's necks and I want them to stop putting me down. And I want them to stop telling me that I'm not good, that I'm incompetent, that it's not okay for me to beat my wife” (or whatever it happens to be). Trump is like an avatar for very mediocre men.Sykes: Well, I wouldn't use that as a talking point.Balko: A few years ago, I wrote a piece about a Black police chief who was hired in Little Rock by a mayor who ran on a reform platform and this police chief had a good record. He was in Norman, Okla. before that—he was the first Black chief in Oklahoma. And he was not a progressive by any means, but he was a reformer in that he wanted things to be merit-based and Little Rock has a really strong white police union. I say that because they also have a Black police union, because the Black officers didn't feel like they were represented by the white union.One of the first things that Chief Humphrey did was make the promotional interviews, that you get to move up through the ranks, blind. So you didn't know who you're talking to. If you were white, you didn't know if it was a fellow white person you were interviewing. Most of the people in charge were. The result of removing race from that process was that more Black officers were getting promoted than before. And I wrote about him because he ended up getting chased out of town. They hit him with fake sexual harassment charges; the union claimed he was harassing white women. Basically, they exerted their power and managed to chase him out.But one of the things he told me when I interviewed him was—and other people have said different versions of this—that when your entire life you've been the beneficiary of racial preferences as a white person, as happened in this country for most of its existence, meritocracy looks a lot like racial discrimination. Because things that you got just simply because you were entitled to now you have to earn. And that looks like, “Hey, this Black guy is getting this job over me. And that's not right. Because my dad got that job over the Black guy and his dad got the job over the Black guy.”And I think this backlash that we're seeing against DEI—I'm sure there are parts of this country where DEI was promoting unqualified people just to have diversity, and I do think there's there's value in diversity for diversity's sake—is white people, who have been benefiting from our racial hierarchy system that's been in place since the Founding, were starting to see themselves passed over because we were now moving to a merit-based system and they saw that as discrimination. That's a big part of the backlash.I don't know what the solution is. I don't know that we just re-impose all of the former policies once Trump's out of power, if he's ever out of power. But I do think that there is value in diversity for diversity's sake. Obviously I don't support strict quota systems, but I do think it's important to make that point that addressing historical injustices is critical.We went to the art museum in Nashville the other day and they had a whole exhibit about Interstate I-40 going through Nashville. It was supposed to go through this industrial area where there were no neighborhoods or private homes. And the Tennessee legislature deliberately made it run through the wealthiest Black neighborhood in Nashville and destroyed about 80% of Black wealth in the city. That was 1968—that was not 1868. That's relatively recently that you're destroying a ton of wealth. And you can find that history in every single city.I think a big part of this backlash is not knowing that history—and only knowing what's happening now and experiencing it out of context. For those people, it feels like reverse discrimination.Sykes: So, yes, a lot of this is true. But it's not the whole story. In the state of Wisconsin, overwhelmingly white voters voted for Barack Obama, a Black man, twice in a row before voting for Donald Trump. So we do have that long, deep history of racism, but then also an America that I think was making some progress. I'm just going to put this out as a counterpoint: I think that if people were appealing to the “better angels of their nature,” a lot of these people would not be buying into the cruelty, the brutality, the racism. Instead, we're appealing to their sense of victimization.But let's be honest about it. We moved from a Civil Rights Movement that was morally based on fairness and the immorality of discrimination to one that increasingly was identity politics that morphed into DEI, which was profoundly illiberal. What happened was a lot of the guys we're talking about were thinking not just that they want their boots on people's head, but they're constantly being told that they were bad, that their contributions were not significant. There were invisible tripwires of grievance—what you could say, what you could do, the way you had to behave. In the before times, a lot of the attacks on free speech and the demands for ideological conformity on university campuses were not coming from the illiberal right—they were coming from the illiberal left.And as I'm listening to the speakers at this conference talk about the assault on liberalism, I think one of the questions we have to ask—and maybe this is a little meta—is why it was so brittle. Well, it was brittle because it was caught in a pincer movement by the illiberal left and the illiberal right. My point is that a lot of this reaction is in fact based on racial animus, but there's also a sense that I hear from a lot of folks, a sense of liberation that they feel, that the boot was on their necks and is now being taken off, that they're not having to go to these highly ideological DEI training sessions where they were told how terrible and awful they were all the time. And how, if you believed in a race-blind society, that was a sign you were racist. If white women actually were moved by stories of racism and wept, that was white women's tears. This was heavy handed.“I do think the people who signed off on extraordinary rendition and snatching people off the street and sending them to a literal torture prison in El Salvador, those people need to be criminally charged. But I also think there need to be civil society repercussions. There are so many people in media—pundits, politicians who know better—who have a long record of pointing out how dangerous Trump was and then turned on a dime and started supporting him. I don't wish any physical harm on those people. I don't think any of those people should be put in prison. But I think those people should never be trusted as public intellectuals.” — Radley BalkoSo there was a backlash that was going to be inevitable. What's tragic is the way that it has been co-opted by the people who have really malign motives, who are not acting out of good will—the Stephen Millers who have figured out a way to weaponize this. But that line that goes from the racism of 1957 to the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s, to a broad-based civil rights consensus—and, again, there's caveats in all of this—to identity-based politics. Let's be honest about it. That was not without sin. That was not without problems.Balko: So, I agree that there was I guess what you could call an illiberal approach to a mutual exchange of ideas on college campuses. There was a lot of shouting down of conservative speakers. In some cases, there were invitations revoked to valedictory speeches. There was some cutting off of funding for conservative speakers. But I want to make sure we're not delving into false equivalences here. I mean, the boot that you're talking about, Charlie, was a metaphorical boot, and we're talking about a very literal boot now.Sykes: Absolutely. That distinction is a significant one.Balko: So, my preferred way of expressing my disagreement with someone isn't to shout them down. I will say, though, that protest is a form of speech. I think, even to some extent, interrupting speeches that are particularly problematic or extremist is a form of speech. It's not one that I personally would engage in. But the type of censorship we're seeing now is direct. It is government censorship. It is not a violation of the spirit of free expression that we were seeing on college campuses before.Sykes: Oh, it was more than just that kind of violation. You had universities that required people to sign a DEI statement where they had to make ideological commitments in order to get a job. I mean, this was very heavy handed. There were no literal boots, but ... I like Jonathan Rauch's analogy that the illiberalism of the left is still a real problem, but it's like a slow-growing cancer. Right now, what we're facing with the illiberalism of the right is a heart attack. We have to deal with the heart attack right now, but let's not pretend that everyone who objects to some of the things that were happening are doing so because they are just vile, white racists.This is part of the problem. People spent decades accusing others of being racist on flimsy grounds. If you support Mitt Romney, you're a racist. If you support tax cuts, you're a racist. You know what happened? I come from this world and there was a time when to be called a racist was the worst thing you could possibly say about somebody. And it got to the point where, literally, if you were in favor of school choice, you were racist; in favor of tax cuts, you were racist. If you voted for a Republican … John McCain was a racist, George Bush was a racist. So when the real thing came along, guess what people said? They just rolled their eyes, shrugged, and said, “We've heard this before.” I mean, it was crying wolf for decades.And I've had these conversations when I would say, “How can you support someone who is just espousing this raw, vicious racism about Haitians eating dogs?” You know what I would get? “Oh, we've been hearing this for 20 years. Literally everyone I know has been accused of being a racist.”So we need to come back to a consensus. If we're going to restore that liberal consensus, we're going to have to say, “This is acceptable behavior. And this is not acceptable behavior.” But we are not going to use these labels to vilify. The politics of contempt is just not helpful. It is not helpful to tell people, “By the way, I think you're an idiot. I think you're stupid. I think you're racist. Would you like to hear my ideas about taxes now?” It doesn't work. And I think that one of the things that, tragically, Trump has tapped into is the sense that these elites look down on you.So, Aaron, when you say that this is the revolution of mediocre men, not helpful. Now, some of them are mediocre. I certainly agree. I write about mediocre people all the time—but, again, the politics of contempt is not the way to get ourselves out of this.Powell: I think there's a distinction between messaging and diagnosis. And if we're to understand how we got here, or the kinds of beliefs or values that can lead someone ... and I don't mean, you've been a partisan Republican voter for your entire life, and you come from a family of this, and you pulled the lever for Trump, but you're mostly an uninformed voter, which is a lot of people—I mean, the people who are cheering on Stephen Miller, they're in a different category. So it might be that, if you have one of those people in front of you, the message is not to say, “There's a broken set of morals at play here,” or “there's a cramped view of humanity at play here,” because they're not going to hear that in the moment.But if we're to understand how we got here and what we're up against, I think we have to be fairly clear-eyed about the fact that the [Trumpian] values that we've discovered over the last 10, 15 years have much more appeal and purchase among a lot of Americans than I think any of us had really expected or certainly hoped, and then figure out how to address that. And, again, it's not everybody—but it's more than I would like. If those values are central to someone's being, and the way that they view others around them and the way they relate to their fellow man, then I think a lot of the less condemning arguments also won't find purchase because, ultimately, it's not a policy difference. It's a, “I want a crueler world.”Sykes: This is where I think the argument that says, “Let's look at this cruelty. Let's look at this brutality. Let's look at the Stephen Millers” ... believe it or not, I actually think it's potent to say to somebody, “Do you want to be like that? Is that really what you want America to be? You're better than that.” And then, “Let me tell you the story of decency.”The story that we heard earlier today about how neighbors who are Trump voters will be there if your house is burning down or your father dies ... you appeal to that innate decency and say, “Do you really want this cruelty?” This is what's lacking, I think, on the right and in the Republican Party right now: people who say, “Okay, you may want less taxes, smaller government, a crackdown on street crime, less illegal immigration ... but is this who you want to be?” Show them the masked officer who is dragging the grandmother away. I do think that there is the better angel that says, “No, that is really not the American story.” You have to appeal to them as opposed to just condemn them. I'm not sure we're disagreeing, but I actually think that that's potent.Balko: I think there is not only room for ridicule when you're up against an aspiring authoritarian, but a lot of history shows it's often one of the few things that works because they really hate to be disrespected.I agree with Charlie that I don't think it's necessarily productive to make fun of people who have been tricked or who have been lied to, but I also think it's worth pointing out that Trump has contempt for his own supporters. I mean, one of the great ironies of our time is that when Trump would need a boost of self-esteem, he would go hold a rally in a state that, before he ran for president, he would never have been caught dead in. He grifts from his own supporters. His lies about Covid got his own supporters killed at higher rates than people in states that didn't vote for him. But I agree that it doesn't serve much benefit to denigrate people.Sykes: But do ridicule the people who are doing it. I mean, don't get me wrong. South Park is doing God's work right now.Balko: Absolutely.Powell: What, then, is the way forward?“This is part of the problem. People spent decades accusing others of being racist on flimsy grounds. If you support Mitt Romney, you're a racist. If you support tax cuts, you're a racist. You know what happened? I come from this world and there was a time when to be called a racist was the worst thing you could possibly say about somebody. And it got to the point where, literally, if you were in favor of school choice, you were racist; in favor of tax cuts, you were racist. If you you voted for Republican. John McCain was a racist. George Bush was a racist. So when the real thing came along, guess what people said? They just rolled their eyes, shrugged, and said, ‘We've heard this before.' I mean, it was crying wolf for decades.” — Charlie SykesLet's assume that democracy survives this current moment and that we somehow put Trump behind us. We can't go back to the status quo before this. We can't just say, “We're going to go back to the kind of politics we had during the Biden administration.” That seems to be off the table. We need something new. We need a new direction. What does that look like?Sykes: I honestly do not know at this point. And I don't think anybody knows. But I do think that we ought to remember, because we throw around the term “liberal democracy” a lot, that democracies are not necessarily liberal. Democracies are not necessarily kind. And I think we need to go back to things like the rule of law.I think it's going to involve some kind of restoration of balance in society. The damage that's being done now is so deep and some of it is so irreparable that I'm hoping that there will be a backlash against it, that there will be a pendulum swing back towards fundamental decency. And even though we keep talking about democracy a lot, I think we need to start talking about freedom and decency a little bit more.You know, I was listening to the Russian dissident who spoke tonight and he asked us to imagine what it's like trying to create a democratic society in Russia with all of their history and all their institutions. As bad as things are for us, we have a big head start. We still have an infrastructure, compared to what he is up against. We still can restore, I think, that fundamental decency and sense of freedom and equality before the law.Balko: I also don't know exactly what it's going to look like. I will say this: I think one of the big reasons why we are where we are today is that there wasn't a proper reckoning, and no real accountability, after the Civil War and Reconstruction. It's been the same with Jan. 6. There was no real accountability. The Democrats waited too long for impeachment. The DOJ was slow.I do think there have to be repercussions. I'm not saying that we throw everybody in the Trump administration in prison, but I do think the people who signed off on extraordinary rendition and snatching people off the street and sending them to a literal torture prison in El Salvador, those people need to be criminally charged.But I also think there need to be civil society repercussions. There are so many people in media—pundits, politicians who know better—who have a long record of pointing out how dangerous Trump was and then turned on a dime and started supporting him. I don't wish any physical harm on those people. I don't think any of those people should be put in prison. But I think those people should never be trusted as public intellectuals. We shouldn't employ them in that realm. I think they should be able to earn a living. I don't think they should earn our trust.I have zero confidence that that's going to happen. But I can personally say that I have no interest in participating in events like this with those people. I have no interest in giving those people any kind of legitimacy because they tried to take our birthright away from us, which is a free and democratic society—the country that, for all its flaws, has been an exemplary country in the history of humankind. They literally are trying to end that. And I don't think you just get to walk away from that and pretend like it never happened.Sykes: I totally agree.Powell: With that, thank you, Radley. Thank you, Charlie.© The UnPopulist, 2025Follow us on Bluesky, Threads, YouTube, TikTok, Facebook, Instagram, and X.We welcome your reactions and replies. Please adhere to our comments policy. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit www.theunpopulist.net

Hoy nos enfrentamos a un capítulo complicado, una asignatura que habíamos dejado pendiente del curso pasado y que pasamos a recuperar en verano. Teníamos muchas ganas en su día de ver Gladiator 2 y de hacer un episodio sobre esta película. Tal era nuestro hype que incluso hicimos un FASE HISTORIA para comentar la época en la que estaba ambientada, hablar del coliseo, de cómo fue el reinado de Caracalla, etcétera... Por desgracia la película nos dio de bruces contra la realidad y nos mostró un producto menor y muy decepcionante. Hasta el punto de quitarnos las ganas de hacer el episodio sobre ella. Llegado el verano, hemos retomado la idea de hacer este programa para enfrentarnos a la realidad de que no siempre hay que hablar de pelis que nos encanten o de series y libros maravillosos, también debemos enfrentarnos a lo que supone esperar una película con muchas ganas y que luego resulte ser un completo desastre. Y a eso nos enfrentamos en este programa... hablando desde el respeto pero también con la honestidad que nos caracteriza. Esperamos que os guste. Participan Javier Moñino Pablo Aguado Pablo Albaladejo Si quieres seguir los directos o ver los vídeos de FASE24 puedes hacerlo en nuestro canal de YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Fase24Podcast Todos los enlaces de nuestro podcast https://linktr.ee/fase24 Apoya a este podcast en iVoox https://www.ivoox.com/support/1130693 Apóyanos en Ko-Fi https://ko-fi.com/fase24 Accede a nuestra comunidad de Telegram https://t.me/fase24 ¿Quieres anunciarte en nuestro podcast? https://advoices.com/fase24 fase24podcast@gmail.com La Playlist de FASE24 https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0OCRVNr7xZFOuI4oHfyO11?si=e32bcf4cad964085 Nuestro canal de YouTube para directos y eventos especiales: https://www.youtube.com/@Fase24Podcast Si te gusta Fase 24 Podcast y quieres apoyarnos y ayudarnos a mejorar, invítanos a un café: https://ko-fi.com/fase24 También puedes apoyarnos pasando a iVoox Plus a través de alguno de estos enlaces: Plan Anual https://www.ivoox.com/premium?affiliate-code=8c09fb5a8058f3eeda41ddf70593ddf3 Plan Mensual https://www.ivoox.com/premium?affiliate-code=28e5c797498187a91eebddc0977d2b49 iVoox Plus https://www.ivoox.com/plus?affiliate-code=c16f1b36738d87bd53d152b8aca2344c Podcast patrocinado por: Kinton Brands https://www.kintonbrands.com/

Hoy nos enfrentamos a un capítulo complicado, una asignatura que habíamos dejado pendiente del curso pasado y que pasamos a recuperar en verano. Teníamos muchas ganas en su día de ver Gladiator 2 y de hacer un episodio sobre esta película. Tal era nuestro hype que incluso hicimos un FASE HISTORIA para comentar la época en la que estaba ambientada, hablar del coliseo, de cómo fue el reinado de Caracalla, etcétera... Por desgracia la película nos dio de bruces contra la realidad y nos mostró un producto menor y muy decepcionante. Hasta el punto de quitarnos las ganas de hacer el episodio sobre ella. Llegado el verano, hemos retomado la idea de hacer este programa para enfrentarnos a la realidad de que no siempre hay que hablar de pelis que nos encanten o de series y libros maravillosos, también debemos enfrentarnos a lo que supone esperar una película con muchas ganas y que luego resulte ser un completo desastre. Y a eso nos enfrentamos en este programa... hablando desde el respeto pero también con la honestidad que nos caracteriza. Esperamos que os guste. Participan Javier Moñino Pablo Aguado Pablo Albaladejo Si quieres seguir los directos o ver los vídeos de FASE24 puedes hacerlo en nuestro canal de YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Fase24Podcast Todos los enlaces de nuestro podcast https://linktr.ee/fase24 Apoya a este podcast en iVoox https://www.ivoox.com/support/1130693 Apóyanos en Ko-Fi https://ko-fi.com/fase24 Accede a nuestra comunidad de Telegram https://t.me/fase24 ¿Quieres anunciarte en nuestro podcast? https://advoices.com/fase24 fase24podcast@gmail.com La Playlist de FASE24 https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0OCRVNr7xZFOuI4oHfyO11?si=e32bcf4cad964085 Nuestro canal de YouTube para directos y eventos especiales: https://www.youtube.com/@Fase24Podcast Si te gusta Fase 24 Podcast y quieres apoyarnos y ayudarnos a mejorar, invítanos a un café: https://ko-fi.com/fase24 También puedes apoyarnos pasando a iVoox Plus a través de alguno de estos enlaces: Plan Anual https://www.ivoox.com/premium?affiliate-code=8c09fb5a8058f3eeda41ddf70593ddf3 Plan Mensual https://www.ivoox.com/premium?affiliate-code=28e5c797498187a91eebddc0977d2b49 iVoox Plus https://www.ivoox.com/plus?affiliate-code=c16f1b36738d87bd53d152b8aca2344c Podcast patrocinado por: Kinton Brands https://www.kintonbrands.com/

País Reino Unido Dirección Ridley Scott Guion David Scarpa. Personajes: David Franzoni Reparto Paul Mescal Denzel Washington Pedro Pascal Joseph Quinn Fred Hechinger May Calamawy Connie Nielsen Música Harry Gregson-Williams Fotografía John Mathieson Sinopsis Dieciséis años después de la muerte de Marco Aurelio, Roma está gobernada por los despiadados emperadores gemelos Geta y Caracalla. El nieto de Aurelio, Lucio Vero, vive bajo el seudónimo de Hanno con su esposa Arishat en el reino norteafricano de Numidia. El ejército romano dirigido por el general Acacio invade y conquista el reino, esclavizando a Lucio junto con otros supervivientes. Los esclavos son llevados a Ostia, donde Lucio es comprado por el maestro de cuadra Macrinus, que le promete la oportunidad de vengarse matando a Acacio si gana suficientes combates para llegar al Coliseo.

Tintoria è il podcast di Daniele Tinti e Stefano Rapone prodotto da The Comedy Club.Ottieni NordVPN: https://nordvpn.com/tintoriaPrendi il libro di Rapone: Racconti scritti da Donne NudeGuarda lo special di Tinti: Crossover_________________INFO E BIGLIETTI PER LE REGISTRAZIONI LIVE: https://bit.ly/tintoriapodcastINFO E BIGLIETTI PER I PROSSIMI LIVE DI TINTI: https://bit.ly/DanieleTintiTOURINFO E BIGLIETTI PER I PROSSIMI LIVE DI RAPONE: https://bit.ly/RaponeTOUR_________________Ospite di questa nuova puntata la cantante Fiorella Mannoia. Con lei abbiamo parlato della sua vita precedente in cui è stata stuntwoman, della sua lunga carriera e delle differenze con la situazione attuale per gli artisti più giovani, dell'amore per il Brasile che visita spesso, delle incomprensioni nate dai suoi testi e della delusione per non aver vinto il David di Donatello, scippata dalla colonna sonora di Youth. Infine, ci ha raccontato della passione per i giochi su cellulare, da Ruzzle a Burraco, e degli insospettabili avversari con cui si sfida ogni giorno.Fiorella Mannoia sarà impegnata il 3 e 4 giugno in Semplicemente Fiorella, i concerti evento alle Terme di Caracalla. Due incredibili live ricchissimi di tanti ospiti eccezionali e amici che si alterneranno sul palco, con duetti inediti e performance irripetibili: Antonello Venditti, Edoardo Bennato, Loredana Berté, Il Volo, Brunori Sas, Diodato, Fabrizio Moro, Francesca Michielin, Raf, Nek, Tiromancino, Sal Da Vinci, Serena Brancale e tanti altri._________________Guarda Tintoria su YouTubePuoi seguire Tintoria su Instagram e su TikTokPuoi seguire Rapone su InstagramPuoi seguire Tinti su InstagramPuoi seguire The Comedy Club su InstagramPuoi seguire Fiorella Mannoia su Instagram_________________Regia e Montaggio: Enrico BerardiRiprese: Leonardo PicozziAudio: Antonio ArcieriLa sigla di Tintoria è a opera di Di Gregorio_________________Si ringrazia per il supporto Birra del Borgo

La Pax Romana, ou « paix romaine », désigne une longue période de stabilité relative, de prospérité économique et de paix intérieure que connut l'Empire romain entre 27 av. J.-C. et environ 180 apr. J.-C. Elle débute avec l'avènement d'Auguste, premier empereur romain, et s'achève généralement avec la mort de Marc Aurèle. Pendant près de deux siècles, l'Empire romain parvient à maintenir l'ordre sur un immense territoire s'étendant de la Bretagne aux rives de l'Euphrate, et du Rhin au Sahara.La Pax Romana ne signifie pas l'absence totale de conflits : Rome continue de faire la guerre à ses frontières, notamment contre les Parthes, les Germains ou les tribus berbères. Mais à l'intérieur de l'Empire, les soulèvements majeurs sont rares, et les guerres civiles — qui avaient ensanglanté la République romaine au Ier siècle av. J.-C. — prennent fin. L'autorité impériale centralisée, le monopole de la violence légitime et la professionnalisation de l'armée contribuent largement à ce climat de stabilité.Sur le plan économique, la Pax Romana favorise un essor remarquable. Le commerce se développe, facilité par un vaste réseau routier de plus de 80 000 kilomètres, une marine puissante assurant la sécurité maritime, et une monnaie relativement stable. Les produits circulent entre les provinces : vin d'Italie, huile d'Espagne, blé d'Égypte, épices d'Orient, esclaves des Balkans… Les grandes villes, à commencer par Rome, en tirent une prospérité visible dans l'urbanisme, les monuments et la vie culturelle.L'administration impériale joue aussi un rôle essentiel. Auguste réforme le gouvernement, crée un corps de fonctionnaires fidèles et met en place un système judiciaire plus structuré. Les populations provinciales, souvent respectueuses de la domination romaine en échange de paix et d'infrastructures, commencent à s'intégrer à la culture romaine, un processus appelé romanisation. Les élites locales adoptent la langue latine, les institutions romaines, et obtiennent progressivement la citoyenneté — jusqu'à ce qu'elle soit étendue à tous les hommes libres de l'Empire par l'édit de Caracalla en 212.Enfin, cette paix favorise l'essor intellectuel et artistique : littérature, philosophie stoïcienne, architecture, droit… La culture romaine rayonne, influencée aussi par l'héritage grec.La Pax Romana reste une période idéalisée dans l'histoire occidentale. Elle représente un moment unique où un empire, par la force autant que par l'intégration, réussit à pacifier un vaste espace multiculturel. Si elle prend fin avec les premières grandes crises du IIIe siècle, son souvenir inspire encore les empires ultérieurs cherchant à concilier puissance et stabilité. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Kami seperti terkena arus listrik saat itu, seolah-olah kami berada di antara penonton di Terme di Caracalla, bersemangan dengan kegembiraan kolektif dalam kreativitas spontanitas musik.

Kami seperti terkena arus listrik saat itu, seolah-olah kami berada di antara penonton di Terme di Caracalla, bersemangan dengan kegembiraan kolektif dalam kreativitas spontanitas musik.

 Caracalla a laissé l'image d'un empereur violent et emporté. Mais les thermes auxquels il a donné son nom et l'édit de 212 (qui accorde la citoyenneté romaine à tous) incitent à une réévaluation de son principat.    Mention légales : Vos données de connexion, dont votre adresse IP, sont traités par Radio Classique, responsable de traitement, sur la base de son intérêt légitime, par l'intermédiaire de son sous-traitant Ausha, à des fins de réalisation de statistiques agréées et de lutte contre la fraude. Ces données sont supprimées en temps réel pour la finalité statistique et sous cinq mois à compter de la collecte à des fins de lutte contre la fraude. Pour plus d'informations sur les traitements réalisés par Radio Classique et exercer vos droits, consultez notre Politique de confidentialité.Hébergé par Ausha. Visitez ausha.co/politique-de-confidentialite pour plus d'informations.

WARNING! This post and episode both contain spoilers!We are back to discuss Gladiator II, the sequel to Ridley Scott's smash hit Gladiator (2000). Gladiator II is set in the joint reign of Caracalla and Geta. These emperors were brothers in real life, but not the creepy twins shown in the movie. However, let's not get caught up in historical detail! After all, Lucilla should have been executed by Commodus in the first film if we were sticking to the facts.In Gladiator II, we learn that Lucilla's precious son, Lucius Verus, was hidden away in the provinces after Commodus' death and became alienated from the imperial family. He clearly inherited the military skills of his real father (Maximus or Russell Crowe), as Lucius is something of a local hero in his new home.But no one can resist the power of Rome forever. After a military defeat, Lucius ends up in the arena and spends the film wrestling with his past, his trauma and the corruption of Rome. Just like his dad!Whilst Lucius Verus is the hero of this film, as is so often the case in movies about Ancient Rome, the villain steals the show. Macrinus (Denzel Washington) is a master manipulator, skilfully playing a dangerous political game. Will the ghost of Maximus past allow Lucius to finally set Rome on a virtuous path? Or is Rome doomed to be dominated by corrupt politicians? And boy, do we have a treat in store for you all! We were privileged to talk to a giant in the field of classical reception, a man who has spent many decades studying Roman history on film.Martin M. Winkler is Distinguished University Professor and Professor of Classics at George Mason University in Northern Virginia. His research interests include classical mythology, Roman history, classical literature, the classical tradition, and classical literature, history and myth on film. Professor Winkler's list of publications is long indeed, but we will cite a few of our favourites. The Roman Salute: Cinema, History and Ideology (2009), Ovid on Screen: A Montage of Attractions (2020) and most recently, Classical Antiquity and the Cinematic Imagination (2024). Professor Winkler has edited and contributed to volumes on the films Troy (from 2004), Kubrick's 1960 Spartacus, and importantly for today, Ridley Scott's original 2000 Gladiator.We hope that you enjoy our conversation with Professor Winkler in which we discuss:The characters of Maximus and Lucius VerusThe aesthetic of Gladiator IIThe representation of the army and praetorian guard in the sequelThe Roman Senate of Gladiator IIHistorical accuracy in Gladiator IIFor our full show notes and transcript, head over to our website: https://partialhistorians.com/2025/04/03/special-episode-gladiator-ii-with-professor-martin-m-winkler/ For our full show notes and edited transcripts, head on over to https://partialhistorians.com/Support the showPatreonKo-FiRead our booksRex: The Seven Kings of RomeYour Cheeky Guide to the Roman Empire Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

¿Cómo ha cambiado el consumo del agua a lo largo de la historia? ¿Qué nos dicen los grandes pensadores sobre su valor filosófico? ¿Cómo se simboliza el agua en el Antiguo Testamento? El agua, ¿Está mojada? En este capítulo hablamos de: El Nilo, El acueducto de Queretaro, Las termas de Caracalla, Las Estacas, Agua de Barro, Agua mineral, Y más datos sorprendentes e interesantes del agua en el Banquete del Doctor Zagal.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

We finally did it! After months of promises we finally got around to covering the (probably) last of Sony's Spider-Man-less Spider-Man movies. It's 2024's Kraven the Hunter, starring Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Ariana DeBose, and Russell Crowe. After a cold open action sequence in a Russian prison that serves as Aaron Taylor-Johnson's sizzle reel for his Bond audition, we are transported to the distant past of probably around 2012. Sergei (Taylor-Johnson) and Dmitri (Fred Hechinger, the Tim Robinson-looking fellow who played Caracalla in Gladiator II) Kravinoff are taken out of boarding school by their mob boss father Nicoli (Crowe) after their mother's suicide. The best healing can only be done once they hunt down a lion serial killer in the savanna named Zar. Unfortunately, Zar gets the drop on Sergei and he's horribly mauled. However, the lion's blood, combined with a magic potion administered by passer-by Calypso (DeBose) brings him back to life AND gives him Captain America-level superpowers. He leaves home and heads to Siberia to murder poachers and hone his skills. Years later, Dmitri is kidnapped by rival mob boss Aleksei (Alessandro Nivola) a.k.a. the Rhino, who he got a surgical procedure to turn into a rhino man unless he's constantly pumping anti-rhino venom into his body through a backpack. Sergei, now going by Kraven, goes off on a series of expensive-looking adventures to save him. Can Kraven save his brother in time? Who's really behind this kidnapping? And, most importantly, when does Kraven get his VEST? You'll have to listen to find out!

In this week's episode, I take a look at the movies and streaming shows I watched in winter 2024/2025, and share my opinions on them. I also take a look at my ebook advertising results from January 2025. This week's coupon code will get you 50% off the audiobook of Half-Orc Paladin, Book #3 in the Half-Elven Thief series, (as excellently narrated by Leanne Woodward) at my Payhip store: PALADIN50 The coupon code is valid through February 28, 2025. So if you need a new audiobook for the bad February weather, we've got you covered! 00:00:00 Introduction and Writing Updates   Hello, everyone. Welcome to Episode 238 of The Pulp Writer Show. My name is Jonathan Moeller. Today is February 7, 2025 and today we are discussing the movies and streaming shows I watched in Winter 2024 and 2025. Before that, we will do Coupon of the Week, an update on my current writing projects, Question of the Week, and my ad results from January 2025.   First, let's start with Coupon of the Week. This week's coupon code will get you 50% off the audiobook of Half-Orc Paladin, Book Three in the Half-Elven Thief Series (as excellently narrated by Leanne Woodward) at my Payhip store. That coupon code is PALADIN50. This coupon code will be valid through February the 28th, 2025, so if you need a new audiobook to get you through the bad February weather, we have got you covered.   Now for an update on my current writing and audiobook projects. As I mentioned last week, Shield of Deception is now out and you can get it at Amazon, Barnes and Noble, Kobo, Google Play, Apple Books, Smashwords and my Payhip store. It is doing quite well. Thank you all for that. I hope you enjoy the book and I've been hearing good things about it from people who read it.   Now that Shield of Deception is done, my main project is now Ghost in the Assembly and I am 36,000 words into it as of this recording, which puts me almost on Chapter 8 of 21. So I'm about one third of the way through the rough draft, give or take. If all goes well. I'm hoping that book will be out in March. My secondary project is Shield of Battle, which is the sequel to Shield of Deception and I am about 2,000 words into that. I'm also 50,000 words into what will be the third and final Stealth and Spells book, Stealth and Spells Online: Final Quest. It was originally named Reactant, but I decided to change the name to Final Quest because that sounds better and if all goes well, that will probably be out in the middle of the year, give or take.   In audiobook news, Cloak of Masks (as excellently narrated by Hollis McCarthy) is now out at all audio stores, including Audible, so you can listen to that there. Work is almost done on Cloak of Dragonfire. It's being proof-listened to as I record this and hopefully that should be out before too much longer. So that is where I'm at with my current writing and audiobook projects.   00:02:19 Question of the Week   Next up is Question of the Week, which is intended to inspire interesting discussions of enjoyable topics. This week's topic, which ties into our main topic: what was the favorite movie you saw in 2024? No wrong answers, obviously (including “I hate everything I saw in 2024”). We have a few responses for this.   JD says: It was either Transformers One or Deadpool and Wolverine.   Mary says: I didn't see any movies in 2024.   Doug says: Dune was one of the books I read in the ‘70s. Like your books, I never got enough back then. I was buying Hardcovers. I still have six of them. I have seen the two versions of the books. Can't wait to see this version of the books. I have seen the first movies. Hope to see more.   David says: Godzilla versus Kong was pretty much the only one from last year I saw. I just bought Gladiator 2 but haven't watched it yet.   Davette says: I enjoyed both Dune 2 and The Fall Guy and Inside Out 2 and Deadpool and Wolverine. My favorite was Wicked, mainly because I've been waiting on that movie for years.   Bonnie says: I haven't seen any movies or watched TV in years.   For myself, I think it would be a tie for my favorite movie of 2024 for between Dune 2 and The Fall Guy. The two Dune movies, for all the stuff they changed from the book, are probably the most faithful adaptation it was possible to make with that very dense and very weird book. I thought The Fall Guy was just hilarious and I had no idea it was based on TV series from the ‘80s until I read up about it on the Internet after I saw the movie. It was interesting that we didn't have very many responses to this question the week and of those responses, one third of them was “I didn't see any movies in 2024.” So if the movie industry is wondering why it's in so much trouble, I think we might have just found the answer here in that nobody wants to go to see movies in the theater anymore.   00:04:09 Ad Results for January 2025 Now onto our next topic, how my ads performed in January 2025. Now as usual for my books in January, I used Facebook ads, Amazon ads, and BookBub ads, so let's break them down by category- first, by Facebook ads. As usual, I advertised The Ghosts and Cloak Games/Cloak Mage.   GHOSTS: $4.08 for every dollar, with 22% of the profit coming from the audiobooks.   CLOAK GAMES/MAGE: $3.38 for every dollar, with 6% of the profit coming from the audiobooks. So that went pretty well. I'm hoping that percentage will go up once Cloak of Dragonfire is done and we can put together Cloak Mage Omnibus Three.   I also did some Amazon ads – specifically for HALF-ELVEN THIEF, STEALTH & SPELLS ONLINE: CREATION, and THE LINUX COMMAND LINE BEGINNERS GUIDE.   Remember, for an Amazon ad to be effective, it usually needs to be generating at least one sale for every eight clicks on the ads.   HALF-ELVEN THIEF: $4.65 for every dollar spent, 1.85 sales for every click. It's just an amazing ratio-thank you for that.   STEALTH & SPELLS ONLINE: CREATION: Lost $0.15 for every dollar spent, 1 sale for every 4.76 clicks.   THE LINUX COMMAND LINE BEGINNER'S GUIDE: $3.16 for every dollar spent, 33% of the profit from audio, 1.34 sales for every click.   The standout was HALF-ELVEN THIEF, which actually had more sales than clicks on the ads. That hardly ever happens!   You can see there's a reason I'm going to conclude STEALTH & SPELLS with the third book, because it just doesn't sell well. All of the advertising experiments I have tried to make it sell well have not responded to date. That said, we did improve from December, where I only got a sale for every 14 clicks.   Additionally, Amazon ads work really well with nonfiction books, since they respond a lot better to keyword ads.   Finally, I used Bookbub ads for THE GHOSTS on Apple. That went pretty well.   THE GHOSTS: $4 for every $1 spent.   So, all in all, a pretty good month for ads, though STEALTH & SPELLS remains the weak point. As always everyone, thank you for buying the books and listening to the audiobooks.   00:06:50 Main Topic: Movie/TV Show Reviews of Winter 2024/Early Winter 2025 Now onto our main topic, the movies and streaming shows I watched in Winter 2024 and early winter 2025. As always, my ratings are totally subjective and based on nothing more concrete than my own opinions.   Our first one is Red One, which came out in 2024. This was a strange mashup of genres, a holiday movie, urban fantasy, a thriller, and just a little bit of existential horror. Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson plays Callum Drift, who is the head of Santa Claus's security. Meanwhile, Chris Evans plays an unscrupulous hacker and thief named Jack O'Malley. Jack unwittingly helps unknown malefactors kidnap Santa Claus and so Callum and Jack have to team up to rescue Santa from his kidnappers. This sounds like a lighthearted holiday movie, but it really isn't. The movie is rather dour and takes itself very seriously. Callum acts like he's in a Jason Bourne movie and deals with various supernatural creatures like a special forces operator assessing targets. Additionally, there are some urban fantasy elements with the vast government agency dedicated to hiding the supernatural world from normal people. I don't think the dissonance really worked at all. It had pieces of a light holiday movie and pieces of a thriller and they really didn't mesh. It's not hard to see why this one didn't do well in the theaters, on top of its enormous budget. Overall Grade: D (In the spirit of Christmas generosity)   Next up is Argylle, which came out in 2024. This was a dumb movie, but I enjoyed it, kind of like Murder Mystery with Adam Sandler and Jennifer Aniston on Netflix. I mean that wasn't exactly Shakespeare or Milton, but I would be lying if I said I didn't enjoy myself while watching it. Same thing applies to Argylle. The plot is that the protagonist Ellie Conway is a bestselling spy novelist. Ellie is a bit of an eccentric personality and travels everywhere with her cat in a backpack that has a window in it so the cat can see what's going on. However, it turns out that Ellie's novels are accurately predicting events in real life espionage, so several sinister spy agencies are hunting her down to learn her secret. A spy named Aidan saves Ellie, claiming that he's the only one she can trust. Of course, this is the kind of movie that has a shocking betrayal and plot twist every eight minutes or so, and the revelation of the central twist made me face palm a bit. There is a fight scene at the end involving colored smoke that's absolutely bonkers. It was on Apple Plus or Apple TV or whatever it's called, but that means all the characters did all their computing on shiny new Apple devices, which is always amusing. Overall Grade: D+ (but barely)   Next up is Venom: The Last Dance, which came out in 2024. It wasn't as good as the first two since so many of the characters did not return, but it brought the Venom Trilogy to a mostly satisfying conclusion. Eddie Brock and Venom are on the run after the events of Venom: Let There Be Carnage. Unbeknownst to either of them, the US government has a secret facility holding captured symbiant aliens and the agency that runs the facility is hunting for them. Unbeknownst to the US government, the creator of the symbiotes, an evil entity named Knull is preparing to escape his prison and to do that, he needs Eddie/Venom delivered to him alive, so he dispatches his creatures to Earth hunt down Eddie and Venom, with disastrous results. The best part of the movie was the comedic duo of Eddie and Venom since the movie takes the absurdity of their situation and leans into it. Overall Grade: B- Next up is the Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim, which came out in 2024. I read an interview with Brandon Sanderson where he said that a big part of the problem with movie adaptations of books is that the filmmakers often want to tell their own story, not the books'. So they basically used the book as a framework for telling their own story, which inevitably annoys the readers of the book. I suspect that was what happened with The War of the Rohirrim. This movie was a mixture of strong points and weaknesses. Apparently it only exists because New Line needed to put out something or they'd lose film rights to Tolkien's stuff, and so The War of the Rohirrim was fast-tracked.   The strong points: the animation looked pretty, the battle scenes were fun to watch, the voice performances were good, and the music was also good.   The weak points: it felt too long and slow-paced. I think a good half-hour could have been cut of the characters looking pensive and thoughtful (and saved the animators a lot of work in the process). Additionally, I don't think the changes to the plot quite worked. It's based out of the Appendices of The Lord of the Rings, specifically the history of Rohan. In the book, the plot is touched off when the corrupt Lord Freca demands that King Helm's daughter Hera marry Freca's son Wulf. Helm takes exception to this and ends up killing Freca. His son Wulf swears vengeance, gathers an army from Rohan's enemies, and sets out to seize the crown for himself. In the book, Helm's sons are killed, and Helm himself dies in the defense of the Hornburg (which later becomes known as Helm's Deep), but his nephew Frealof gathers an army, kills Wulf, and becomes the new king of Rohan.   That would have been perfectly good for the plot, but as we mentioned above, I think the screenwriters decided they wanted to write about a Strong Female Character, so they massively expanded Hera's part and made her the protagonist. The problem with this as an adaptation is that Hera is only mentioned once in the book, so the script has to make up a lot of extra stuff to justify Hera's presence, which always weakens an adaptation of a book. This version of Hera would have been in danger of becoming a stereotypical #girlboss character, but she acts more like a Japanese anime protagonist, which does work better in this sort of movie than an Americanized Strong Female Character.   So, in the end, not a bad movie, but I think it would have worked better if they had stuck closer to the original plot in the book. Overall Grade: B-   Next up is Golden Era, which came out in 2022. This is a documentary about the making of the classic Nintendo 64 game Goldeneye and the company behind it. Until I watched this, I never knew that Rare, the company that made Goldeneye, was based in the UK.   I admit I really didn't play Goldeneye back in the ‘90s and early ‘00s. I did a few times at various social events, but I never really got into it since I didn't own a game console from 1998 to 2019. Nonetheless, Goldeneye was a very influential game that left its mark on all first-person shooter games since. The documentary interviews most of the people who were involved in the making of Goldeneye, and it was fascinating to see how they more or less accidentally created a genre-defining game.   If you enjoyed Goldeneye or are interested in video game history at all, the documentary is worth watching. After many years of official unavailability, Goldeneye is now available on Nintendo Switch and Xbox, so I may have to give it a try. Overall grade: B     Next up is Wonka, which came out in 2023. I didn't really intend to watch this, but it was on in the background while I was playing Starfield…and Starfield has a lot of loading screens. This movie wasn't made for me, not even remotely, but I thought it was a competently executed example of a movie musical.   Anyway, the plot revolves around a young Willy Wonka coming to a city that seems like a weird hybrid between Paris and New York. Wonka sets out to start selling his innovative chocolates, but soon runs into stiff opposition from the corrupt local candy industry, the corrupt local police chief, and his equally corrupt landlady, who has somehow transitioned from hospitality to luring people into debt slavery. Wonka makes allies from his fellow indentured workers, and soon he is conducting local chocolate manufacturing like a heist.   Like I said, this really wasn't made for me, and I'm sure people who actually like musicals would have many more detailed opinions. But this had some genuinely funny bits. Hugh Grant as an Oompa Loompa was hilarious, and so was Rowan Atkinson as a corrupt bishop. The best line: “Judgment has come…in a most unexpected form!” Overall grade: B     Next up is Man on the Inside, which came out in 2024, and this is a Netflix comedy series from Mike Schur, who created Parks and Recreation, The Good Place and Brooklyn 99. To describe this show, think of a meditation about accepting the inevitability of aging and death through Schur's comedic style, and you'll be there.   Anyway, Ted Danson stars as a recently widowed retired professor of engineering named Charles. His daughter is worried that he's not handling things well and becoming too isolated, so suggests that he find a hobby. Charles answers a classified ad for an “older man who can use technology” and finds himself recruited by a private investigator named Julie. Julie's company has been hired to find a thief within a retirement home, and Julie is about 35 years too young to convincingly infiltrate a retirement home. Hence, Charles pretends to be a new resident, and finds himself befriending the residents he is supposed to investigate. All the while, he tries to deal with the remaining grief from his wife's death, which he never got around to processing in the moment.   In my opinion, The Good Place and Brooklyn 99 both kind of fell apart in their final seasons, but Man on the Inside avoids that in its final episodes, providing good resolution to both the conflict and the emotional stakes. I thought it was both bittersweet and quite funny, and I approve that there's going to be a 2nd season. Overall grade: B   Next up is Minted, which came out in 2023, and this was an interesting documentary about the rise in the fall of the NFT, which in the early 2020s we were assured was going to be the next big thing, but it just turned out to be yet another scam.   The documentary follows an interesting course, first explaining what an NFT is, and then interviewing artists who made life-changing money from minting their early NFTS. But then the speculators arrived, and followed swiftly by the scammers. As of 2025, of course, NFTs are quite worthless, like so many much-vaunted Web 3.0 style technologies.   I think the documentary's biggest weakness was assuming that NFT technology was around to stay and would find a use that would help artists. I agree that it's around to stay, but I don't think it adds value to anything at all. Nevertheless, an interesting look into the NFT fad and the impact it had on artists. Overall grade: B     Next up is Gladiator 2, which came out in 2024. This is basically the same movie as the original Gladiator, just reshuffled a bit and with twenty years of improved technology. The main character Hanno is a soldier in an African city that rebels against Rome. After the rebellion is inevitably crushed, he is taken as a slave and ends up as a gladiator in Rome, determined to take his vengeance on the Roman general who ordered the death of his wife. However, the general was only carrying out the orders of the insane twin emperors Geta and Caracalla. For that matter, Hanno's owner, the charming and affable Macrinus, has his own agenda. As Hanno seeks revenge, he finds himself drawn into the deadly game of imperial politics and must confront the secrets of his own past.   The movie is only very vaguely accurate in terms of history, but it does a good job of capturing the corruption and decadence of the Roman Empire at that time. The empire was in very bad shape, and in fact was only a few years from what historians call the Crisis of the Third Century, a fifty year period of continual civil war, assassination, usurpation, and economic meltdown that resulted in the empire breaking into three separate states for about fifteen years. Everyone knows that the Roman Empire fell in 476 AD, but it very nearly didn't make it even to 300 AD. So the ending of Gladiator 2 is a total fantasy, like one of those alt-history books where the Roman Empire ends up conquering the Americas or expanding into outer space.   That said, I enjoyed the movie. Denzel Washington, Pedro Pascal, and Connie Nielsen in particular gave very good performances, with Denzel Washington's Macrinus as the standout. Overall grade: B Next up is High Sierra, which came out in 1941, and this is 1940s true crime grimdark. A common misconception is that black and white films are generally more sanitized and saccharine than modern fare. This definitely isn't true – there wasn't any gratuitous violence and nudity in ‘40s movies, but some of them were very cynical and dark. High Sierra definitely falls into that category. Humphrey Bogart plays Roy Earle, a bank robber currently in Indiana state prison. His former boss Big Mac arranges a pardon for him, and brings him out to California for one last big job.   Unfortunately, the other people on Earle's crew are idiots, and he has a growing sense of impending disaster. Additionally, Earle gets emotionally entangled with two women – Velma, a sick woman from his hometown, and Marie, a woman inured to the lifestyle of criminals. As Earle prepares for the job and attempts to deal with the two women, things get more and more complicated. Definitely on the darker side as I mentioned, but well worth watching, both as a historical artifact and a crime story in its own right. Overall grade: B+   Next is Star Trek: Lower Decks Season 5, which came out in 2024. Lower Decks is an example of a parody of a thing that is so good that it sort of loops around the horseshoe and becomes a good example of the thing it is parodying. Season 5 is the undeserved end to the very funny Lower Decks series. Paramount really, really wants to get purchased by Skydance, and that's probably going to happen in 2025, so there's a lot of clearing the decks at Paramount, and I expect Lower Decks was one of the casualties.   Then again, our protagonists are no longer lower deckers but junior officers, so perhaps it was a natural place to end the show. So Lower Decks went out pretty strong with a collection of funny and good episodes. All the characters experienced plot arcs and development. The lower deckers matured from the callow ensigns they were in Season 1, and the senior officers likewise experienced character growth and development. (I liked Commander Ransom's triumphant battle cry of “high intensity interval training!”)   I'd say the only weakness is that the show ended with multiverse stuff, and I don't like multiverse stuff in general. Still, the show made a compelling argument for the multiverse as a concept, and the multiverse plot did give an excuse to bring back various Trek actors for speaking parts. And, to be fair, Star Trek has been doing multiverse stuff long, long before the Marvel movies ran the concept into the ground – Captain Kirk was dealing with alternate universe stuff back in the 1960s.   The last episode was a satisfactory conclusion to the series. Lower Decks might be over, but once the Skydance acquisition settles down, maybe the character will return in a new show called Junior Officers? One can hope! Overall grade: B+   Next up is the Frasier reboot Season 2, which also came out in 2024. I liked this about as much as I liked Season 1, which is to say I enjoyed it and found it funny. Frasier's and his son Frederick's relationship seems to have reached equilibrium, so the season spent more time on more 1940s style screwball comedy, which is not a bad thing. Some of the best comedy remains the conflicts between Frasier and Frederick, which is of course an echo of Frasier's own conflicts with his father back in the original show in the 1990s.   I think the best episode was the return of Frasier's scheming, Machiavellian agent Bebe and her daughter Phoebe, who did not exactly fall far from the maternal apple tree. The 10-episode format for the season does seem rather cramped compared to the 20-ish episodes per season of the original show, but that was a different era.   Frasier remains, as one of the characters said in the previous season, the same well-meaning buffoon who goes “that extra, ill-advised mile.” I hope we get a Season 3, but with the shakeups we mentioned at Paramount, that seems unlikely. Overall grade: A-     Finally, let's close with the three best things I saw in Winter 2024/2025.   The first of my favorite three is Saturday Night, which came out in 2024. This is a biopic about the chaotic first night of Saturday Night Live back in the 1970s. Quite hilarious in a vicious sort of way, and (from what I understand) it accurately captures the sheer chaos of live TV. Of course, the chaos surrounding SNL is probably a bit higher than usual for standard live television.   After I watched it, I looked it up, and it seems the movie compresses about three months' worth of events into the hour and a half before the launch of the very first episode. What's amusing is that the more outlandish an event in the movie was, the more likely it was to have actually happened in the leadup to the show's launch. It was the mundane stuff that was made up, not the crazy stuff.   JK Simmons was hilarious as Milton Berle. Nowadays, SNL is an Institution, so it was amusing to see it back when everyone thought it was a bad idea that would fail catastrophically. The movie convincingly captured the “look” of the 1970s – all the characters looked like they were made of nicotine, cholesterol, and cocaine, and in some instances, a lot of cocaine. That stuff is bad for you, as several SNL stars later found out to their sorrow.   It really shows the randomness of history – watching the creation of SNL, you wouldn't expect it to have lasting cultural impact, but it did. Overall grade: A The second of my three favorite things I saw was The Thin Man, which came out in 1934. This is based on a novel by Dashiel Hammett (most famous for writing The Maltese Falcon), and was made pre-Hays Code, so the female lead tended to wear outfits that show off a bit more skin than you would otherwise expect in a 1930s movie. Interestingly, The Thin Man is a fusion of a noir detective movie and a screwball comedy, not two genres that are usually connected, and somehow it all works.   Anyway, the movie centers around detective Nick and his wife Nora, who have returned to New York after a four-year sojourn to California. Nick used to be a private detective, but then he married the wealthy Nora, and wanted to retire to a life of ease and parties with a lot of alcohol. Except everyone in New York assumes that Nick isn't retired and is back on the case, and so he gets dragged into the disappearance of an eccentric factory owner and a string of murders that pop up around it. Of course, Nick isn't as reluctant to come out of retirement as he pretends.   As is often the case in many movies made in the 1930s, many of the rich characters are shown as malicious buffoons, especially the factory owner's ex-wife. Nick and Nora, as the protagonists, are of course exempt from this.   This is considered a classic, and deservedly so – the characters are sharply drawn, the dialogue is good, the performances are excellent, the movie manages to portray a fairly complex plot in 90 minutes. You'll want to watch it with the captions on, of course, because while human nature may not have changed in the ninety years since this movie came out, audio technology has sure improved.   Fun fact: Nick and Nora's dog is named Asta, which is apparently a frequent answer in crossword puzzles due to the double vowels. Overall grade: A   Now, for the third of my three favorite things I saw in Winter 2024/2025, that would be Star Wars: Skeleton Crew, which came out in 2024. This is Star Wars meets The Goonies meets Pirates of the Caribbean, and despite that very odd combination of influences, the show was really quite good. The show opens on the idyllic planet of At Attin, which looks like an idealized version of 1980s suburbia filtered through Star Wars. Everyone on the planet has the same job – contributing to the Great Work (whatever that is). Since our four protagonists are kids, they don't pay much attention to that or the concerns of the adults. When one of the children discovers a derelict spaceship in the woods, they accidentally activate it and fly off-planet.   This is a problem because At Attin is protected by a Barrier that doesn't allow travel, and the galaxy is a dangerous place with a lot of pirate gangs roaming around looking for prey. However, the children fall in with Jod, who claims to be a Jedi who will help the kids get back to their home. Everyone they meet warns them that Jod is a con artist and not to be trusted, but he demonstrates Force powers again and again (which would seem to support his claim that he's a Jedi). And the kids' home of At Attin has a mysterious secret, one that Jod desperately wants to claim for himself.   This is very entertaining all the way through. Star Wars really works best as a kids' adventure show (in my opinion), though I'm still looking forward to the second season of Andor, which is Star Wars crossed with a John le Carre spy thriller. Overall grade: A     So that is it for this week. Thank you for listening to The Pulp Writer Show. I hope you found the show useful. A reminder that you can listen to all the back episodes on https://thepulpwritershow.com. If you enjoyed the podcast, please leave your review on your podcasting platform of choice. Stay safe and stay healthy and see you all next week.

Surprise! A rogue Reel History appears like a fistful of sand to the eyes! We covered Gladiator in our second episode, almost exactly 5 years ago. Ridley Scott took 24 years to return with Gladiator II and while the Reel History HQ usually operates at a similar glacial pace, we have – thanks to our... The post Gladiator II (2024) | Geta, Caracalla, Macrinus (200) first appeared on Shows What You Know.

Dans l'histoire de Rome, certains empereurs ont gravé leur nom grâce à des exploits ou des réformes, d'autres sont tombés dans l'oubli. Macrin, qui régna brièvement de 217 à 218, appartient à cette seconde catégorie. Sa trajectoire, pourtant singulière, illustre les intrigues complexes et les retournements brutaux du pouvoir dans l'Empire romain.Originaire d'une famille modeste en Numidie (l'actuelle Algérie), Macrin n'avait ni sang noble ni lien avec la dynastie régnante des Sévères. Juriste talentueux et administrateur compétent, il gravit néanmoins les échelons jusqu'à devenir préfet du prétoire, une fonction clé qui le plaçait à la tête de la garde impériale. C'est dans ce rôle qu'il entra dans l'Histoire.En 217, l'empereur Caracalla, célèbre pour sa cruauté et ses campagnes militaires, fut assassiné alors qu'il menait une expédition contre les Parthes. Bien que les détails restent flous, Macrin est généralement considéré comme le commanditaire de cet assassinat, craignant pour sa propre vie face aux caprices violents de Caracalla. Avec le soutien de la garde prétorienne, il fut proclamé empereur, devenant ainsi le premier homme à accéder au trône sans lien direct avec l'aristocratie sénatoriale ou une dynastie.Cependant, son règne fut marqué par des décisions impopulaires. Macrin chercha à stabiliser l'Empire après les excès de Caracalla, mais sa politique d'austérité, notamment envers l'armée, lui aliéna rapidement les soldats. Il négocia une paix coûteuse avec les Parthes, perçue comme un signe de faiblesse. En outre, son manque de charisme et son statut d'"usurpateur" renforçaient la méfiance des élites et du peuple.La crise culmina en 218 lorsque Julia Maesa, tante de Caracalla, fomenta un complot pour placer son petit-fils, Élagabal, sur le trône. Elle utilisa la fortune familiale pour acheter le soutien des légions, qui se retournèrent contre Macrin. Après une défaite militaire, il tenta de fuir mais fut capturé et exécuté. Son règne, qui n'avait duré qu'un an, s'achevait dans l'oubli.Macrin reste une figure intrigante de l'histoire romaine : un homme de basse extraction qui atteignit le sommet du pouvoir, mais qui, en perdant la confiance de ceux qu'il gouvernait, illustra la fragilité d'un empire en quête de stabilité. Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

In this episode of Talking History - the story of Caracalla and Geta, the two emperors who share power in the new Gladiator 2 film, how their father Severus transformed Rome, and how their dynasty ended in violence and murder. Patrick Geoghegan is joined by Dr David Woods, Head of the Department of Classics at UCC; Prof Mark Humphries, Professor of Ancient History, Swansea University; and Dr Rebecca Usherwood, Assistant Professor in Late Antique and Early Byzantine Studies at Trinity College Dublin.

Quarter-Arsed History presents: the reign of Caracalla and Geta, two murderous brothers who served - very briefly - as co-emperors of the Roman Empire. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

We Watched So Much Stuff This Week This week on the podcast, Brian and Darryl review… Gladiator II, Transformers One, the penultimate Supes & Lolo, and the first two episodes of Dune: Prophecy. Episode Index Intro: 0:07 Gladiator 2: 4:28 Transformers: One: 17:54 Supes & Lolo: 30:35 Dunc: Prophecy: 44:25 Gladiator 2 (2024) Out of 10 Lucius Was Not A Treat Clarks Darryl: 6/10 Brian: 8.2/10 Summary “Gladiator II,” directed by Ridley Scott, is a 2024 epic historical action film that serves as a sequel to the 2000 classic “Gladiator.” The story is set 16 years after the original, focusing on Lucius Verus Aurelius (Paul Mescal), the son of Maximus Decimus Meridius and Lucilla. Living under the alias “Hanno” in Numidia, Lucius's life is shattered when General Acacius (Pedro Pascal) leads a Roman invasion that results in the death of his wife and his enslavement. Forced into the gladiatorial arena, Lucius seeks vengeance against Acacius and the corrupt twin emperors, Geta and Caracalla. He gains the mentorship of Macrinus (Denzel Washington), a former slave and ambitious arms dealer with his own designs on power. As Lucius rises through the ranks of gladiators, he discovers his true heritage and confronts the political machinations of Rome, mirroring the journey of his father, Maximus. The film features intense combat sequences, including battles against exotic animals like rhinos and sharks, and delves into themes of revenge, identity, and the quest for justice. While it expands on the original's narrative, some critics note that it lacks the emotional depth of its predecessor. Nonetheless, “Gladiator II” offers a visually spectacular experience with strong performances, particularly from Washington, who brings a compelling presence to the role of Macrinus. “Gladiator II” was released in theaters on November 22, 2024, and has received generally positive reviews from critics. Transformers One (2024) Out of 10 I’d Want to Kill Orion Pax Toos Darryl: 6.25/10 Brian: 6.4/10 Summary “Transformers One” is a 2024 American animated science fiction action film that explores the origins of the iconic characters Optimus Prime and Megatron. Directed by Josh Cooley, the film features a star-studded voice cast, including Chris Hemsworth as Orion Pax (who becomes Optimus Prime) and Brian Tyree Henry as D-16 (who becomes Megatron). Set on the planet Cybertron, the narrative delves into the early relationship between Orion Pax and D-16, who start as close friends bonded like brothers. As the story unfolds, their differing ideologies lead to a rift, setting the stage for the epic conflict between Autobots and Decepticons. The film also introduces other key characters, such as Elita-1 (voiced by Scarlett Johansson) and B-127 (voiced by Keegan-Michael Key), providing a rich backstory to the Transformers universe. “Transformers One” premiered in Sydney, Australia, on September 11, 2024, and was released in the United States on September 20, 2024. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, who praised its storytelling, animation, and voice performances. However, it underperformed at the box office, grossing approximately $128.9 million worldwide against a budget estimated between $75 million and $147 million. For those interested in watching the film, “Transformers One” is available for streaming on Paramount+. Superman and Lois (The CW) Out of 5 Never Trust a Human Hearts Darryl: 4.45/5 Brian: 4.35/5 Summary In the penultimate episode of “Superman & Lois,” titled “To Live and Die Again,” the series sets the stage for a climactic finale. The episode features the return of Doomsday, now portrayed in a highly comic-accurate form, intensifying the threat to Superman and his family. The narrative delves into the aftermath of Superman's public revelation of his dual identity as Clark Kent, exploring the personal and societal ramifications of this disclosure. Additionally, Lois Lane receives a positive update regarding her battle with breast cancer, marking a significant moment in her character arc. The episode culminates in an emotional cliffhanger, setting up a high-stakes confrontation in the series finale. This installment effectively balances action and character development, paving the way for a compelling conclusion to the series. Dune: Prophecy (HBO Max) Out of 10 Burn in My Lights Darryl: 7.75/10 Brian: 7.1/10 Summary “Dune: Prophecy” is a prequel series set 10,000 years before the events of Frank Herbert's “Dune,” focusing on the origins of the Bene Gesserit Sisterhood. Here's a summary of the first two episodes: Episode 1: “The Hidden Hand” The series opens with Mother Superior Raquella Berto-Anirul (Cathy Tyson) leading the fledgling Sisterhood on Wallach IX. She entrusts Valya Harkonnen (Emily Watson) with the mission to expand and fortify the Sisterhood's influence. Valya, driven by her family's tarnished legacy, employs the Sisterhood's secretive breeding program and mental conditioning to manipulate political dynamics across the Imperium. A significant plot involves the arranged marriage between Princess Ynez Corrino (Sarah-Sofie Boussnina) and young noble Pruwet Richese (Charlie Hodson-Prior), orchestrated to stabilize the Imperial bloodline. However, the emergence of Desmond Hart (Travis Fimmel), a mysterious soldier with newfound powers from Arrakis, disrupts these plans. Desmond's actions culminate in the simultaneous deaths of Pruwet and Imperial Truthsayer Kasha Jinjo (Jihae), signaling a formidable threat to the Sisterhood's schemes. Episode 2: “Two Wolves” In the aftermath of the dual assassinations, Valya seeks to counter Desmond's menace. She travels to Salusa Secundus to interrogate Desmond, who openly admits to the killings, revealing his immunity to the Sisterhood's manipulative techniques like “The Voice.” Meanwhile, on Wallach IX, young acolyte Lila undergoes “The Agony,” a perilous ritual intended to unlock ancestral memories. During this process, Lila encounters the spirit of Raquella, who imparts cryptic warnings about impending dangers. The episode delves into the internal dynamics of the Sisterhood, highlighting the challenges Valya faces in consolidating power amid external threats and internal dissent. These episodes lay the groundwork for a complex narrative of political intrigue, mystical traditions, and the struggle for dominance within the Imperium. Contact Us The Infamous Podcast can be found wherever podcasts are found on the Interwebs, feel free to subscribe and follow along on social media. And don't be shy about helping out the show with a 5-star review on Apple Podcasts to help us move up in the ratings. @infamouspodcast facebook/infamouspodcast instagram/infamouspodcast stitcher Apple Podcasts Spotify Google Play iHeart Radio contact@infamouspodcast.com Our theme music is ‘Skate Beat’ provided by Michael Henry, with additional music provided by Michael Henry. Find more at MeetMichaelHenry.com. The Infamous Podcast is hosted by Brian Tudor and Darryl Jasper, is recorded in Cincinnati, Ohio. The show is produced and edited by Brian Tudor. Subscribe today!

Robert Winfree and Mark Radulich present their Gladiator II 2024 Movie Review!Gladiator II is a 2024 epic historical action film directed and produced by Ridley Scott that serves as a sequel to Gladiator (2000). Written by David Scarpa, from a story he wrote with Peter Craig, the film was produced by Scott Free Productions and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It stars Paul Mescal, Pedro Pascal, Joseph Quinn, Fred Hechinger, Lior Raz, Derek Jacobi, Connie Nielsen, and Denzel Washington. Jacobi and Nielsen reprise their roles from the first film, with Mescal replacing Spencer Treat Clark. Mescal portrays Lucius, whose home is invaded by the Roman army led by General Acacius. He seeks revenge against Acacius and fights as a gladiator for Macrinus, a former slave who plans to overthrow the emperors Geta and Caracalla.A sequel to Gladiator was discussed as early as June 2001, with David Franzoni and John Logan set to return as screenwriters. Over the next few years, Scott offered occasional updates, including the possible involvement of the original film's lead actor, Russell Crowe, along with plot ideas about the Roman afterlife and different historical time periods. Development was halted when DreamWorks sold the rights to the property to Paramount in 2006. The film was finally announced in 2018, and Mescal was cast in the lead role in January 2023, with a script by Scarpa. The rest of the cast signed on over the next several months. Filming took place between June 2023 and January 2024, with a five-month hiatus due to the 2023 Hollywood labor disputes.Gladiator II had its world premiere in Sydney, Australia, on October 30, 2024, and was released in the United Kingdom on November 15, and in the United States on November 22. It received generally positive reviews from critics and has grossed $221 million.Disclaimer: The following may contain offensive language, adult humor, and/or content that some viewers may find offensive – The views and opinions expressed by any one speaker does not explicitly or necessarily reflect or represent those of Mark Radulich or W2M Network.Mark Radulich and his wacky podcast on all the things:https://linktr.ee/markkind76alsohttps://www.teepublic.com/user/radulich-in-broadcasting-networkFB Messenger: Mark Radulich LCSWTiktok: @markradulichtwitter: @MarkRadulichInstagram: markkind76RIBN Album Playlist: https://suno.com/playlist/91d704c9-d1ea-45a0-9ffe-5069497bad59

Gladiator II premiered in Sydney, Australia on October 30, 2024, and debuted in the United States on November 22, 2024. In the movie, the Roman army led by General Acacius invades Lucius' home. He seeks revenge against Acacius and fights as a gladiator for Macrinus (Denzel Washington), a former slave who plans to overthrow the emperors Geta and Caracalla. Washington's inclusion has created controversies, including calls that the movie "blackwashes" White history.  Port of Harlem contributor C.R. Gibbs responds to these and other challenges. --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/port-of-harlem-podcasts/support

Gladiator II is a 2024 epic historical action film directed and produced by Ridley Scott that serves as a sequel to Gladiator (2000). Written by David Scarpa, from a story he wrote with Peter Craig, the film was produced by Scott Free Productions and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It stars Paul Mescal, Pedro Pascal, Joseph Quinn, Fred Hechinger, Lior Raz, Derek Jacobi, Connie Nielsen, and Denzel Washington.[6] Jacobi and Nielsen reprise their roles from the first film, with Mescal replacing Spencer Treat Clark. Mescal portrays Lucius, whose home is invaded by the Roman army led by General Acacius. He seeks revenge against Acacius and fights as a gladiator for Macrinus, a former slave who plans to overthrow the emperors Geta and Caracalla. A sequel to Gladiator was discussed as early as June 2001, with David Franzoni and John Logan set to return as screenwriters. Over the next few years, Scott offered occasional updates, including the possible involvement of the original film's lead actor, Russell Crowe, along with plot ideas about the Roman afterlife and different historical time periods. Development was halted when DreamWorks sold the rights to the property to Paramount in 2006. The film was finally announced in 2018, and Mescal was cast in the lead role in January 2023, with a script by Scarpa. The rest of the cast signed on over the next several months. Filming took place between June 2023 and January 2024, with a five-month hiatus due to the 2023 Hollywood labor disputes. Gladiator II had its world premiere in Sydney, Australia, on October 30, 2024, and was released in the United Kingdom on November 15, and in the United States on November 22. It received generally positive reviews from critics and has grossed $221 million.

In this episode, we examine the relationship that the infamous emperor Caracalla had with Egypt. Support the Show: Patreon: https://patreon.com/MummyMoviePodcast Contact Us: Email: mummymoviepodcast@gmail.com Bibliography: Burgersdijk, D. (2024). A revised loeb of Historia Augusta. Magie,(D.) Rohrbacher (edd., trans.) Historia Augusta. Volume I.(Loeb Classical Library 139.) Pp. liv+ 471. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2022. The Classical Review, 74(1), 121-124. Hart, G. (2005). The Routledge dictionary of Egyptian gods and goddesses. Routledge. Lenski, M. B. D. G. N., & Talbert, R. J. A. (2012). From village to empire: A history of Rome from earliest times to the end of the Western Empire. New York. Martin, R. H. (1981). Tacitus. University of California Press. Milne, J. G. (1924). A history of Egypt under Roman rule (Vol. 5). Methuen & Company. Takács, S. A. (2015). Isis and Sarapis in the Roman world (Vol. 124). Brill. Thayer, B. (Ed.). (n.d.). Cassius Dio — Book 78. University of Chicago. https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/cassius_dio/78*.html Get bonus content on Patreon Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

Denzel Washington stars as Emperor Macrinus in the epic new movie Gladiator II, but who exactly was this shadowy ruler of Rome?Join Tristan Hughes as he sits down with Dr Alex Imrie and Matilda Brown to explore the real story behind this lesser-known usurper of Rome, a North African-born knight who toppled the fratricidal tyrant Caracalla and took the throne for himself. Discover the dramatic and brutal events that shaped Macrinus' reign, including his conflict with the powerful women of the Severan dynasty and the fateful battles that sealed his fate. Presented by Tristan Hughes. The producer is Joseph Knight, audio editor is Aidan Lonergan. The senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.The Ancients is a History Hit podcast.Sign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week and ad-free podcasts. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe. You can take part in our listener survey here.All music courtesy of Epidemic Sound.

The new Hollywood blockbuster Gladiator II features two of Rome's most villainous emperors - the brothers Caracalla and Geta.And in today's episode of The Ancients were delving into the real history of these scheming siblings. Their story is a blood-stained and chilling one. It stretches from their opulent upbringing to their tumultuous rivalry and culminates with a brutal murder in front of their very own mother in 211 AD. Joined by Alex Imrie, Tristan explores how much we really know about Caracalla and Geta, their rise to power and their relationship - or perhaps lack of one.Presented by Tristan Hughes. The producer is Joseph Knight, audio editor is Aidan Lonergan. The senior producer is Anne-Marie Luff.The Ancients is a History Hit podcast.Sign up to History Hit for hundreds of hours of original documentaries, with a new release every week and ad-free podcasts. Sign up at https://www.historyhit.com/subscribe. You can take part in our listener survey here.

Virginie Girod raconte la lutte fratricide ayant marqué la dynastie impériale romaine des Sévères, dans un double épisode inédit d'Au cœur de l'Histoire.Le 26 décembre 211, à Rome, l'empereur Caracalla, annonce au Sénat la mort de son frère et co-empereur, Geta. Il aurait été contraint de faire assassiner son cadet qui, raconte-t-il, s'apprêtait à le trahir. Comment cette fratrie en est-elle arrivée là ? Pour le comprendre, il faut remonter le temps et s'intéresser à la prise de pouvoir de Septime Sévère, leur père, au crépuscule du Ier siècle. A la mort de l'empereur Commode, ce Libyen s'impose à la pourpre après un long épisode de guerre civile. Il prépare alors ses fils à prendre sa succession. Mais ces derniers se vouent une haine sans limites. Quelques mois à peine après la mort de Septime Sévère, ils vont mettre leur héritage en danger. Au Cœur de l'Histoire est un podcast Europe 1.Présentation et écriture : Virginie GirodProduction : Armelle Thiberge et Morgane VianeyRéalisation : Nicolas GaspardComposition du générique : Julien TharaudPromotion et coordination des partenariats : Marie CorpetVisuel : Sidonie Mangin Bibliographie et sources :Marcel Le Glay, Jean-Louis Voisin, Yann Le Bohec, Histoire romaine, PUF, 2019Virginie Girod, Au cœur de l'Histoire antique, Perrin/Europe1, 2024Histoire d'Auguste

Virginie Girod raconte la suite de la lutte fratricide ayant marqué la dynastie impériale romaine des Sévères, dans un double épisode inédit d'Au cœur de l'Histoire.En 211, à la mort de l'empereur romain Septime Sévère - fondateur de la dynastie des Sévères -, ses fils, Caracalla et Geta, doivent partager le pouvoir. Mais le 26 décembre de la même année, pendant les fêtes des Saturnales, Caracalla fait assassiner son cadet dans les appartements de leur mère. Il doit désormais justifier son crime auprès de l'armée et du Sénat et achète bientôt leur silence.Durant son règne, Caracalla fait appliquer une série réformes : il augmente le budget de l'armée et le nombre de fonctionnaires de l'administration. Pour remplir les caisses, il fait augmenter les impôts. Dans la continuité du règne de son père, il mène une politique guerrière et défend activement les frontières de l'Empire romain. Mais Caracalla a de nombreux ennemis politiques. Bientôt, un complot est ourdi contre lui. Au Cœur de l'Histoire est un podcast Europe 1.Présentation et écriture : Virginie GirodProduction : Armelle Thiberge et Morgane VianeyRéalisation : Nicolas GaspardComposition du générique : Julien TharaudPromotion et coordination des partenariats : Marie CorpetVisuel : Sidonie Mangin Bibliographie et sources :Marcel Le Glay, Jean-Louis Voisin, Yann Le Bohec, Histoire romaine, PUF, 2019Virginie Girod, Au cœur de l'Histoire antique, Perrin/Europe1, 2024Histoire d'Auguste

Wenn Sklaven sich kloppen, freut sich der Herrscher: So ungefähr nähern sich Filme den Gladiatoren und ihren Kämpfen in der Antike. Historisch betrachtet geben diese gewalttätigen Veranstaltungen allerdings eine ganze Menge mehr Stoff her.**********Ihr hört in dieser "Eine Stunde History":00:10:03 - Christian Mann über die Gladiatoren im antiken Rom, wer sie waren und wie die Kämpfe abliefen.00:23:45 - Gregor Berghammer hat eine Biographie über Caracalla geschrieben und schildert, was über den Kaiser bekannt ist.00:37:30 - Siegfried Tesche befasst sich mit der Frage, wie viel Geschichte in einem Hollywood-Film stecken kann.**********Mehr zum Thema bei Deutschlandfunk Nova:Spartakus: Aufstand der SklavenSexualgeschichte: Homosexualität und Männlichkeit im antiken RomHaiti: Politisches Chaos ist Folge der Kolonialzeit**********Den Artikel zum Stück findet ihr hier.**********Ihr könnt uns auch auf diesen Kanälen folgen: TikTok auf&ab , TikTok wie_geht und Instagram .

pWotD Episode 2625: Gladiator II Welcome to Popular Wiki of the Day, spotlighting Wikipedia's most visited pages, giving you a peek into what the world is curious about today.With 231,874 views on Tuesday, 9 July 2024 our article of the day is Gladiator II.Gladiator II is an upcoming epic historical drama film directed and co-produced by Ridley Scott. Serving as a sequel to Gladiator (2000), the film was written by David Scarpa, from a story by Peter Craig and Scarpa, and stars Paul Mescal, Pedro Pascal, Connie Nielsen, May Calamawy and Denzel Washington. It was produced by Scott Free Productions in association with Red Wagon Entertainment for Paramount Pictures. The story follows Lucius, the former heir to the Roman Empire, who becomes a gladiator after his home is invaded by the Roman army, led by general Marcus Acacius, during the reign of co-emperors Caracalla and Geta.A sequel to Gladiator was discussed as early as June 2001, with David Franzoni and John Logan set to return as screenwriters. Over the next few years, Scott offered occasional updates, including the possible involvement of the original film's lead actor, Russell Crowe, and plot ideas around the Roman afterlife and different historical time periods. Development was halted when DreamWorks sold the rights to the property to Paramount in 2006. The film was finally announced in 2018, and Mescal was hired in the lead role in January 2023, with a script by Scarpa. The rest of the cast signed on over the next several months, and filming took place between June 2023 and January 2024, with a five-month hiatus due to the 2023 Hollywood labor disputes (including the 2023 actors strike). Gladiator II is scheduled to be released internationally, including the United Kingdom, on November 15, 2024, and later in the United States and Canada on November 22.This recording reflects the Wikipedia text as of 01:34 UTC on Wednesday, 10 July 2024.For the full current version of the article, see Gladiator II on Wikipedia.This podcast uses content from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Visit our archives at wikioftheday.com and subscribe to stay updated on new episodes.Follow us on Mastodon at @wikioftheday@masto.ai.Also check out Curmudgeon's Corner, a current events podcast.Until next time, I'm neural Aria.

Welcome to the Instant Trivia podcast episode 1215, where we ask the best trivia on the Internet. Round 1. Category: The Shirley Booth 1: Before the closing of the theaters in 1642, James Shirley wrote about 30 plays during the reign of this king. Charles I. 2: "We Have Always Lived in the Castle" is a Gothic novel by this author also known for her short stories. Shirley Jackson. 3: This Welsh singer sang the theme songs for 3 James Bond movies. Bassey. 4: In the miniseries "Mrs. America" about 1970s feminist wars, Uzo Aduba played this pioneering Black presidential candidate. Shirley Chisholm. 5: Post-Hollywood, Shirley Temple served as a U.S. ambassador and head of the office of this, diplomatic procedure. the office of protocol. Round 2. Category: Sleepy 1: This sleepy Pennsylvania town is often called "The Most Famous Small Town in America". Gettysburg. 2: In 2010 the sleepy Hudson River town of Rhinebeck, N.Y. hosted the nuptials of this first kid. Chelsea Clinton. 3: Big Arm, Bigfork, and Big Sky are all little towns in this state. Montana. 4: A 1920s query asked, "Will it play in" this Illinois town that experts considered a bellwether?. Peoria. 5: Tim McGraw called this Colorado ski resort city southwest of Aspen and Vail a "sleepy little town". Telluride. Round 3. Category: Major Generals 1: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1989 to 1993, he's now a member of Bush's cabinet. Colin Powell. 2: For sure he was a major general at Fort Sumter; that bit about inventing baseball.... Abner Doubleday. 3: Eisenhower, MacArthur and Marshall all got big promotions in December of this year. 1944. 4: Some generals got better nicknames than others -- Joseph Hooker was "Fighting Joe" and he was "Mad Anthony". Anthony Wayne. 5: Lincoln took the command of the Army of the Potomac away from this man -- twice. George McClellan. Round 4. Category: A Marriage In Ruins 1: Board the Hiram Bingham train in Cuzco and have your ceremony near these ruins with a shaman as your officiant. Machu Picchu. 2: There's an idea to turn the ruins of this old metropolis S. of Baghdad into a wedding venue, but you may want to wait for calm. Babylon. 3: Chichen Itza may be a good site for your nuptials; it's located in this Mexican state with the same name as a peninsula. the Yucatán. 4: Come clean with your bride at a wedding in Rome's baths of this emperor, opened in 216 A.D.. Caracalla. 5: Wed at the Talisay Ruins, once a sugar plantation on Negros Island, part of this Southeast Asian archipelago. the Philippines. Round 5. Category: To L With Science. With L in quotes 1: On average, this organ produces up to 2.5 pints of bile every day. liver. 2: A tree branch, or a solar flare seen at the edge of the Sun. a limb. 3: Any of a hydrophobic group of organic compounds, including fats and oils. lipids. 4: When you activate a light stick, the chemicals within react to produce this type of cold light. luminescence. 5: 5-letter term for a center of activity, or the position of a gene on a chromosome. a locus. Thanks for listening! Come back tomorrow for more exciting trivia!Special thanks to https://blog.feedspot.com/trivia_podcasts/ AI Voices used

Cu Caracalla mort în Siria, imperiul e din nou în criză. Fără moștenitor desemnat, fără un pretendent clar la tron, imperiul e din nou în mare pericol de un nou război civil. Două elemente diferă, de data asta, însă. Primul: majoritatea trupelor sunt concentrate în Siria, pentru campaniile pe care le plănuia Caracalla. Al doilea: Caracalla și-a eliminat orice potențial adversar sau pretendent când a epurat tabăra lui Geta. Crud?

Septimius Severus, Rome's first African emperor.  Born in Leptis Magna, he ended the civil war that erupted following Commodus' death during the Year of the Five Emperors, restoring order to the Empire, cowing the Senate, strengthening the borders, and ushering in a new era of warrior-emperors just in time for the Crisis of the Third Century that would shortly bring Rome to her knees.  Rome wouldn't look this good again for A LONG TIME.  Pretty impressive resume, except for the whole dying-and-leaving-the-Empire-to-Caracalla bit.

În acest episod închidem povestea lui Caracalla - tiran sângeros sau împărat șiret, depinde cum doriți să-l caracterizați. În mod paradoxal, domnia lui Caracalla va deveni în timp punct de referință pentru vremuri mult mai bune - nu pentru Alexandrieni, desigur, și nici pentru parți, care au un motiv special să nu-l aibă prea tare la inimă pe Caracalla. Probabil cea mai mare reușită a lui va fi extinderea cetățeniei romane la toți locuitorii teritoriului Romei - o decizie realizată pentru câștiguri imediate, dar cu efecte profunde pe termen lung.

Send us a Text Message.Will this happen to the US Dollar?Uncover the lessons from the past that could safeguard our economic future, as Colin Horan joins us to connect the dots between Rome's ancient currency crises and today's monetary policy challenges. We're promised a journey through the empire's fiscal collapse, focusing on the parallels between the silver dilution in Roman coins and modern fiat currency manipulation. Horan expertly navigates us through the historical narrative, from the silver-laden coins of Augustus to Caracalla's Antoninianus, and the implications these monetary decisions had on Rome's economy, public trust, and ultimately, their society.Witness the stark consequences of ancient hyperinflation and currency devaluation as they unfold in the Roman Empire, a cautionary tale that resonates alarmingly with our time. We're not just recounting history; we're discussing the dire effects of economic decisions and the patterns that seem to recur throughout human civilization. From emperors appeasing armies with unsustainable wages to Diocletian's desperate Edict on Maximum Prices, we scrutinize the devastating impact these choices had on trade, public confidence, and the very fabric of Roman life. With Horan's insights, this episode becomes a mirror reflecting the potential future of modern economies flirting with similar fiscal perils. Follow us on Instagram: @ahcoinco Connect on Facebook: @ahcoinco Watch us on YouTube: @numispherepodcastSHOP us at: www.ahcoinco.com Join "The Sphere" - our exclusive Numisphere Facebook group: https://m.facebook.com/numisphere?mib... Subscribe to our channel here on YouTube and also on Spotify and Apple Podcast: https://linktr.ee/numisphereDisclaimer: The views and opinions expressed on The Numisphere Podcast are for informational and entertainment purposes only and should not be considered financial advice. The c...

În urma lui Septimiu Severus lucrurile par să fie bine puse la punct. A lăsat imperiul pe mâna a nu unul ci doi moștenitori în putere, unul din ei conducând deja alături de el imperiul și purtând numele ilustru de Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. Doar că în lipsa echilibrului adus de tată, frații nu par să se înțeleagă atât de bine cât ar fi trebuit, și nici chiar mama lor nu reușește să-i împace.

In this Com d'Archi, in English we talk about the project "Cardo", special mention Europan 16, on the site of Aulnat : example of a global rebalancing of the territory and a Clermont-Ferrand-Auvergne Airport, the first 100% renewable energy airport, by the office Caracalla composed of CLÉMENT BERTIN, MARTIN KERMEL, SARA IMPERA- architects, and JULIEN TRUGLAS , GIULIA PIGNOCCHI – landscape architects - France Image teaser DR © CaracallaSound engineering : Julien Rebours___If you like the podcast do not hesitate:. to subscribe so you don't miss the next episodes,. to leave us stars and a comment :-),. to follow us on Instagram @comdarchipodcast to find beautiful images, always chosen with care, so as to enrich your view on the subject.Nice week to all of you ! Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

In French in this CDA S4#11 (Monday online), "With empiricism, the architecture", an interview in french of Clément Bertin, founder and associate architect of Caracalla office with Martin Kermel and Sara Impera - In English in CDA S4#12 (Wednesday online), "Cardo", a text written by the team mentioned for their Europan 16 project in Aulnat France, and read by Esther.En français dans le CDA S4#11 (lundi en ligne), "Avec empirisme, l'architecture", une interview en français de Clément Bertin, fondateur et architecte associé de l'agence Caracalla avec Martin Kermel et Sara Impera– En anglais dans CDA S4#12 (Mercredi en ligne), "Cardo", un texte écrit par l'équipe mentionnée pour leur projet Europan 16 à Aulnat France, et lu par Esther.___La question de l'imaginaire et de la connaissance en architecture est aujourd'hui et trop souvent évacuée par la rentabilité devenue moteur du projet d'architecture. Après le passage à l'école d'architecture ou cet imaginaire est sollicité, après les concours de la jeune architecture organisés dans la même veine, les jeunes architectes "atterrissent" face à la réalité du projet construit, soit en agence, soit à leur compte. Dans beaucoup de cas, l'imaginaire est par la suite et définitivement écrasé par les contraintes inhérentes au projet dans la carrière de l'architecte, lequel perd alors son rôle de "poil à gratter" et devient assembleur. Certes il existe d'excellents assembleurs, mais l'architecture doit-elle se contenter de cela ?Clément Bertin, venu représenter l'agence Caracalla dans Com d'Archi nous prouve le contraire. Doué d'une grande curiosité héritée de son père médecin et semble-t-il, il n'hésite pas à repousser les limites de la connaissance en architecture, allant chercher in situ, dans des contrées lointaines, les témoignages d'une architecture authentique la plus éloignée possible de celle de l'Occident. De retour en Occident, avec ses associés et de manière empirique, il se créé les occasions de travailler sur des projets poétiques, a-typiques, poussant la réflexion sur l'acte de bâtir : au Royaume-Uni un terrier humain, une chambre anéchoïque, ou en Sicile un studio d'enregistrement à ciel ouvert, en digression un arbre de pluie. Dans l'activité de l'agence, les projets traditionnels existent bien sur, mais il sont toujours confrontés à l'imaginaire selon une méthode propre à Caracalla... Caracalla empereur romain qui eut l'ambition de construire des thermes gigantesques pour la population romaine. Un rêve sociétal dont ont peu encore aujourd'hui appréhender les ruines à Rome...Nous parlons de tout cela dans ce numéro ! Profane ou architecte, si vous êtes en quête de bon sens et de poésie, au sens ou "l'homme habite en poète", ce Com d'Archi est fait pour vous !Bonne semaine et écoute ! Portrait teaser © comdarchipodcastIngénierie son : Julien Rebours____Si le podcast COM D'ARCHI vous plaît n'hésitez pas :. à vous abonner pour ne pas rater les prochains épisodes,. à nous laisser des étoiles et un commentaire, :-),. à nous suivre sur Instagram @comdarchipodcast pourretrouver de belles images, toujours choisies avec soin, de manière à enrichirvotre regard sur le sujet.Bonne semaine à tous ! Hébergé par Acast. Visitez acast.com/privacy pour plus d'informations.

Simon Turney, aka S.J.A. Turney, hails from Yorkshire, England. His passion for history shines through in his more than 50 novels, where meticulous research meets immersive storytelling. From ancient Rome, to medieval Europe, Turney's versatile body of work brings the past to life with vivid characters and compelling narratives. In his latest novel, Caracalla, the fourth and final novel in the Damned Emperors series. Simon is back in Rome, this time in the 2nd century where the rivalry between two brothers threatens to tear the empire apart. Welcome to RPS, Simon Turney! https://simonturney.com/ Remember you can now support us on Patreon and get some nice perks like bonus episodes every month! Check it out and please consider helping us keep the show growing in 2024 and beyond! patreon.com/RockPaperSwordsPodcast

waarin we in het Romeinse wereldrijk verder zoeken naar de invulling van het goddelijke keizerschap, en ons afvragen wat we met de bekende keizersbiografieën moeten aanvangen. WIJ ZIJN: Jonas Goossenaerts (inhoud en vertelstem), Filip Vekemans (montage), Benjamin Goyvaerts (inhoud) en Laurent Poschet (inhoud). Met BIJDRAGEN van: Aster Nzeyimana (presentator Rota Fortunae), Lucas Vanclooster (Augustus, res gestae), Laurens Luyten (Tacitus) Wil je ons een FOOI geven? http://fooienpod.com/geschiedenisvoorherbeginners Al schenkt u tien cent of tien euro, het duurt tien seconden met een handige QR-code. MEER WETEN? Onze geraadpleegde en geciteerde bronnen: Beard, M. (2016), SPQR. A History of Ancient Rome. Profile Books. Londen. Beard, M. (2023), Emperor of Rome. Profile Books. Londen. Goldsworthy, A. (2017), Pax Romana. Orion Publishing Group. Londen. Lendering, J. (2009), Spijkers op laag water. 50 misverstanden over de Oudheid. Singel Uitgeverijen. Amsterdam Beeld: Wikimedia Commons Overzicht van de keizers tijdens de pax romana: Julisch-Claudische dynastie 1) Augustus (27 v.Chr. - 14 na Chr.): natuurlijke dood (ouderdom en ziekte). 2) Tiberius (14-37 na Chr.): natuurlijke dood (vermoedelijk vergiftigd). 3) Caligula (37-41 na Chr.): vermoord (samenzwering van senatoren en leden van zijn garde). 4) Claudius (41-54 na Chr.): mogelijk vergiftigd (de details zijn onduidelijk). 5) Nero (54-68 na Chr.): zelfdoding. Vierkeizerjaar 6) Galba (68-69 na Chr.): vermoord (samenzwering van de Praetoriaanse Garde). 7) Otho (69 na Chr.): zelfdoding. 8) Vitellius (69 na Chr.): vermoord (gevolg van de Burgeroorlog van het Vierkeizerjaar). Flavische dynastie 9) Vespasianus (69-79 na Chr.): natuurlijke dood (ziekte). 10) Titus (79-81 na Chr.): natuurlijke dood (koorts). 11) Domitianus (81-96 na Chr.): vermoord (samenzwering van hovelingen). Antonijnse dynastie:  12) Nerva (96-98 na Chr.): natuurlijke dood (ziekte). 13) Trajanus (98-117 na Chr.): natuurlijke dood (ziekte). 14) Hadrianus (117-138 na Chr.): natuurlijke dood (hartfalen). 15) Antoninus Pius (138-161 na Chr.): natuurlijke dood (ziekte). 16) Marcus Aurelius (161-180 na Chr.): natuurlijke dood (pest). 17) Commodus (180-192 na Chr.): vermoord (samenzwering). Vijfkeizerjaar 18) Pertinax (193 na Chr.): vermoord (samenzwering van de Praetoriaanse Garde). 19) Didius Julianus (193 na Chr.): vermoord (gevolg van de Burgeroorlog van het Vijfkeizerjaar). Severische dynastie: 20) Septimius Severus (193-211 na Chr.): natuurlijke dood (ziekte). 21) Caracalla (211-217 na Chr.): vermoord (samenzwering van zijn officieren). 22) Macrinus (217-218 na Chr.): vermoord (gevolg van een mislukte campagne tegen het Parthische Rijk). 23) Elagabalus (218-222 na Chr.): vermoord (samenzwering). 24) Severus Alexander (222-235 na Chr.): vermoord (samenzwering van opstandige troepen).

waarin we op zoek gaan naar het ware gelaat van de Romeinse keizers en ons afvragen wat de taakomschrijving van het goddelijke keizerschap precies inhield. WIJ ZIJN nog altijd: Jonas Goossenaerts (inhoud en vertelstem), Filip Vekemans (montage), Benjamin Goyvaerts (inhoud) en Laurent Poschet (inhoud). Met BIJDRAGEN van: Aster Nzeyimana (presentator Rota Fortunae), Lucas Vanclooster (Augustus, res gestae), Laurens Luyten (Tacitus) Wil je ons een FOOI geven? http://fooienpod.com/geschiedenisvoorherbeginners Al schenkt u tien cent of tien euro, het duurt tien seconden met een handige QR-code. MEER WETEN? Onze geraadpleegde en geciteerde bronnen: Beard, M. (2016), SPQR. A History of Ancient Rome. Profile Books. Londen. Beard, M. (2023), Emperor of Rome. Profile Books. Londen. Goldsworthy, A. (2017), Pax Romana. Orion Publishing Group. Londen. Lendering, J. (2009), Spijkers op laag water. 50 misverstanden over de Oudheid. Singel Uitgeverijen. Amsterdam Beeld: Wikimedia Commons Overzicht van de keizers tijdens de pax romana: Julisch-Claudische dynastie 1) Augustus (27 v.Chr. - 14 na Chr.): natuurlijke dood (ouderdom en ziekte). 2) Tiberius (14-37 na Chr.): natuurlijke dood (vermoedelijk vergiftigd). 3) Caligula (37-41 na Chr.): vermoord (samenzwering van senatoren en leden van zijn garde). 4) Claudius (41-54 na Chr.): mogelijk vergiftigd (de details zijn onduidelijk). 5) Nero (54-68 na Chr.): zelfdoding. Vierkeizerjaar 6) Galba (68-69 na Chr.): vermoord (samenzwering van de Praetoriaanse Garde). 7) Otho (69 na Chr.): zelfdoding. 8) Vitellius (69 na Chr.): vermoord (gevolg van de Burgeroorlog van het Vierkeizerjaar). Flavische dynastie 9) Vespasianus (69-79 na Chr.): natuurlijke dood (ziekte). 10) Titus (79-81 na Chr.): natuurlijke dood (koorts). 11) Domitianus (81-96 na Chr.): vermoord (samenzwering van hovelingen). Antonijnse dynastie:  12) Nerva (96-98 na Chr.): natuurlijke dood (ziekte). 13) Trajanus (98-117 na Chr.): natuurlijke dood (ziekte). 14) Hadrianus (117-138 na Chr.): natuurlijke dood (hartfalen). 15) Antoninus Pius (138-161 na Chr.): natuurlijke dood (ziekte). 16) Marcus Aurelius (161-180 na Chr.): natuurlijke dood (pest). 17) Commodus (180-192 na Chr.): vermoord (samenzwering). Vijfkeizerjaar 18) Pertinax (193 na Chr.): vermoord (samenzwering van de Praetoriaanse Garde). 19) Didius Julianus (193 na Chr.): vermoord (gevolg van de Burgeroorlog van het Vijfkeizerjaar). Severische dynastie: 20) Septimius Severus (193-211 na Chr.): natuurlijke dood (ziekte). 21) Caracalla (211-217 na Chr.): vermoord (samenzwering van zijn officieren). 22) Macrinus (217-218 na Chr.): vermoord (gevolg van een mislukte campagne tegen het Parthische Rijk). 23) Elagabalus (218-222 na Chr.): vermoord (samenzwering). 24) Severus Alexander (222-235 na Chr.): vermoord (samenzwering van opstandige troepen).

In this episode: Why you should (re)watch the LEGO Star Wars Holiday Special Watching the Lord of the Rings Trilogy for Christmas Visiting the JRR Tolkien Exposition in Rome Comparing the xThermae Romae Novae anime about Roman bath houses to the real Baths of Caracalla in Rome Plus, in the premium version of the showContinue reading "The Break: The LEGO Star Wars Holiday Special; Tolkien in Rome; Thermae Romae Novae" The post The Break: The LEGO Star Wars Holiday Special; Tolkien in Rome; Thermae Romae Novae appeared first on Father Roderick.

In this episode: Why you should (re)watch the LEGO Star Wars Holiday Special Watching the Lord of the Rings Trilogy for Christmas Visiting the JRR Tolkien Exposition in Rome Comparing the xThermae Romae Novae anime about Roman bath houses to the real Baths of Caracalla in Rome Plus, in the premium version of the showContinue reading "The LEGO Star Wars Holiday Special; Tolkien in Rome; Thermae Romae Novae" The post The LEGO Star Wars Holiday Special; Tolkien in Rome; Thermae Romae Novae appeared first on Father Roderick.

This week on Christories, we're talking about THE FIRST TRANS ROMAN EMPEROR!! We got the HILARIOUS Mike Cannon joining us and learning with us

Met dr. Martijn Icks (Universiteit van Amsterdam) kijken we uitgebreid naar het leven en de regeerperiode van keizer Elagabalus (ook wel bekend als Heliogabalus). We volgen de tijdlijn van de moord op keizer Caracalla in het jaar 217 tot aan de moord op keizer Elagabalus in maart 222. Martijn neemt ons mee op een fascinerende reis van Emesa in het huidige Syrië naar Rome, we bespreken de beschikbare bronnen en nog veel meer.Shownotes

Dio's Rome, Volume 4 An Historical Narrative Originally Composed in Greek During the Reigns of Septimius Severus, Geta and Caracalla, Macrinus, Elagabalus and Alexander Severus: and Now Presented in English Form

 Caracalla a laissé l'image d'un empereur violent et emporté. Mais les thermes auxquels il a donné son nom et l'édit de 212 (qui accorde la citoyenneté romaine à tous) incitent à une réévaluation de son principat.    Mention légales : Vos données de connexion, dont votre adresse IP, sont traités par Radio Classique, responsable de traitement, sur la base de son intérêt légitime, par l'intermédiaire de son sous-traitant Ausha, à des fins de réalisation de statistiques agréées et de lutte contre la fraude. Ces données sont supprimées en temps réel pour la finalité statistique et sous cinq mois à compter de la collecte à des fins de lutte contre la fraude. Pour plus d'informations sur les traitements réalisés par Radio Classique et exercer vos droits, consultez notre Politique de confidentialité.

Tales from another small group trip : 10 days, 7 women, 2 trains, 4 ferries, 2 islands, 36 Aperol Spritzs and loads of laughs. First up was 3 fabulous days in Rome and about 110 miles (collectively) of walking. We were very lucky to share the Pantheon with only a handful of other people, and had the same good fortune at the Baths of Caracalla – the first time to these stunning ruins for all of us. It was the last week of October, and Rome was hot, crowded and as usual, completely intoxicating!

El sistema monetario romano fue, durante largo tiempo, polimetálico. Se acuñaban monedas de oro, como el áureo. De plata, como el célebre denario. De bronce, como el aún más célebre sestercio. Pero también de cobre, como los ases. Para poder acuñar todas esas monedas y mantener el comercio activo, los romanos con gran ahinco se dedicaron durante cientos de años a la minería valiéndose de infinidad de técnicas para arrancar los metales a la tierra. En ciertos lugares del imperio como Britania o Hispania las minas romanas se convirtieron en auténticos emporios que atrajeron población convirtiéndose en puntos de interés bien defendidos. Gran Bretaña era rica en cobre, hierro, plomo y estaño; Hispania en oro, plata y mercurio. La existencia de ricas vetas de estos metales era conocida desde la antigüedad remota, por lo que los romanos no desaprovecharon la ocasión de explotar a fondo las minas de metales y metales preciosos de estas dos provincias del extremo occidente del imperio. Durante los siglos del imperio, cuando la península ibérica había quedado ya completamente incorporada a la civilización romana, las provincias hispanas figuraban entre las que más y mejores minas tenían. Una parte nada desdeñable del oro que corría por el Mediterráneo era de origen hispano. Oro con el que se acuñaban los áureos, los quinarios y los tremises tardoimperiales que se seguirían utilizando en tiempos de Bizancio y durante la alta Edad Media. Las minas más valiosas y las mejor custodiadas eran las de oro. Si bien es cierto que hubo explotaciones auríferas en diferentes regiones de la Hispania romana, las más grandes y famosas eran las del noreste peninsular, especialmente la de las Médulas, enclavada en la comarca leonesa del Bierzo, la mayor mina a cielo abierto de todo el imperio. Estas minas hispanas, como otras muchas a lo largo y ancho de todo el imperio, se explotaban siguiendo el sistema de “ruina montium”, mediante el que derruían la montaña con conducciones de agua para luego filtrar las arcillas y obtener el mineral. Este sistema fue descrito con detalle por Plinio el Viejo en el siglo I d.C. y hoy se puede aún observar, precisamente, en las Médulas. Pero, más allá de la forma en que se extrajera el oro, en torno a las Médulas tenemos todo una enmadejada historia que nos narra la vida de los pueblos prerromanos de la zona, su conquista por parte de los romanos, la necesidad de situar legiones permanentes, como la conocida Legio VII Gémina (origen de la actual ciudad de León), legiones que llegaron primero para controlar esos pueblos y, más tarde, para levantar complejísimas obras de infraestructura. Y, por fin, el arranque de la crisis del siglo III ya en tiempos del emperador Caracalla, que en su afán por controlar la moneda, llegó a inventarse una nueva provincia, la Gallaecia, cuya historia aún perdura, con otros atavíos, en la Galicia actual. Hoy junto a Alberto Garín vamos a volver la vista hacia el imperio romano y a recorrer de su mano esta singular historia del oro de Hispania. Bibliografía: - "La zona arqueológica de las Médulas" de Francisco Javier Sánchez Palencia - https://amzn.to/3QvMSjx - "Minería y metalurgia antiguas" de Almudena Orejas - https://amzn.to/3QuQQsL - "Historia de la Hispania romana" de Pedro Barceló - https://amzn.to/3B8iSEO - "Los romanos en Hispania" de Rafael Fontán - https://amzn.to/3x8MIHX - "El águila y los cuervos" de José Soto Chica - https://amzn.to/3QtVJ5c Un futuro muy Volvo: https://open.spotify.com/show/0atm2yLSEuRPXSYHX9JEYr?si=8479b4ac696d4bec&nd=1 · “La ContraHistoria de España. Auge, caída y vuelta a empezar de un país en 28 episodios”… https://amzn.to/3kXcZ6i · “Lutero, Calvino y Trento, la Reforma que no fue”… https://amzn.to/3shKOlK · “La ContraHistoria del comunismo”… https://amzn.to/39QP2KE Apoya La Contra en: · Patreon... https://www.patreon.com/diazvillanueva · iVoox... https://www.ivoox.com/podcast-contracronica_sq_f1267769_1.html · Paypal... https://www.paypal.me/diazvillanueva Sígueme en: · Web... https://diazvillanueva.com · Twitter... https://twitter.com/diazvillanueva · Facebook... https://www.facebook.com/fernandodiazvillanueva1/ · Instagram... https://www.instagram.com/diazvillanueva · Linkedin… https://www.linkedin.com/in/fernando-d%C3%ADaz-villanueva-7303865/ · Flickr... https://www.flickr.com/photos/147276463@N05/?/ · Pinterest... https://www.pinterest.com/fernandodiazvillanueva Encuentra mis libros en: · Amazon... https://www.amazon.es/Fernando-Diaz-Villanueva/e/B00J2ASBXM #FernandoDiazVillanueva #imperioromano #lasmedulas Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

El sistema monetario romano fue, durante largo tiempo, polimetálico. Se acuñaban monedas de oro, como el áureo. De plata, como el célebre denario. De bronce, como el aún más célebre sestercio. Pero también de cobre, como los ases. Para poder acuñar todas esas monedas y mantener el comercio activo, los romanos con gran ahinco se dedicaron durante cientos de años a la minería valiéndose de infinidad de técnicas para arrancar los metales a la tierra. En ciertos lugares del imperio como Britania o Hispania las minas romanas se convirtieron en auténticos emporios que atrajeron población convirtiéndose en puntos de interés bien defendidos. Gran Bretaña era rica en cobre, hierro, plomo y estaño; Hispania en oro, plata y mercurio. La existencia de ricas vetas de estos metales era conocida desde la antigüedad remota, por lo que los romanos no desaprovecharon la ocasión de explotar a fondo las minas de metales y metales preciosos de estas dos provincias del extremo occidente del imperio. Durante los siglos del imperio, cuando la península ibérica había quedado ya completamente incorporada a la civilización romana, las provincias hispanas figuraban entre las que más y mejores minas tenían. Una parte nada desdeñable del oro que corría por el Mediterráneo era de origen hispano. Oro con el que se acuñaban los áureos, los quinarios y los tremises tardoimperiales que se seguirían utilizando en tiempos de Bizancio y durante la alta Edad Media. Las minas más valiosas y las mejor custodiadas eran las de oro. Si bien es cierto que hubo explotaciones auríferas en diferentes regiones de la Hispania romana, las más grandes y famosas eran las del noreste peninsular, especialmente la de las Médulas, enclavada en la comarca leonesa del Bierzo, la mayor mina a cielo abierto de todo el imperio. Estas minas hispanas, como otras muchas a lo largo y ancho de todo el imperio, se explotaban siguiendo el sistema de “ruina montium”, mediante el que derruían la montaña con conducciones de agua para luego filtrar las arcillas y obtener el mineral. Este sistema fue descrito con detalle por Plinio el Viejo en el siglo I d.C. y hoy se puede aún observar, precisamente, en las Médulas. Pero, más allá de la forma en que se extrajera el oro, en torno a las Médulas tenemos todo una enmadejada historia que nos narra la vida de los pueblos prerromanos de la zona, su conquista por parte de los romanos, la necesidad de situar legiones permanentes, como la conocida Legio VII Gémina (origen de la actual ciudad de León), legiones que llegaron primero para controlar esos pueblos y, más tarde, para levantar complejísimas obras de infraestructura. Y, por fin, el arranque de la crisis del siglo III ya en tiempos del emperador Caracalla, que en su afán por controlar la moneda, llegó a inventarse una nueva provincia, la Gallaecia, cuya historia aún perdura, con otros atavíos, en la Galicia actual. Hoy junto a Alberto Garín vamos a volver la vista hacia el imperio romano y a recorrer de su mano esta singular historia del oro de Hispania. Bibliografía: - "La zona arqueológica de las Médulas" de Francisco Javier Sánchez Palencia - https://amzn.to/3QvMSjx - "Minería y metalurgia antiguas" de Almudena Orejas - https://amzn.to/3QuQQsL - "Historia de la Hispania romana" de Pedro Barceló - https://amzn.to/3B8iSEO - "Los romanos en Hispania" de Rafael Fontán - https://amzn.to/3x8MIHX - "El águila y los cuervos" de José Soto Chica - https://amzn.to/3QtVJ5c · “La ContraHistoria de España. Auge, caída y vuelta a empezar de un país en 28 episodios”… https://amzn.to/3kXcZ6i · “Lutero, Calvino y Trento, la Reforma que no fue”… https://amzn.to/3shKOlK · “La ContraHistoria del comunismo”… https://amzn.to/39QP2KE Apoya La Contra en: · Patreon... https://www.patreon.com/diazvillanueva · iVoox... https://www.ivoox.com/podcast-contracronica_sq_f1267769_1.html · Paypal... https://www.paypal.me/diazvillanueva Sígueme en: · Web... https://diazvillanueva.com · Twitter... https://twitter.com/diazvillanueva · Facebook... https://www.facebook.com/fernandodiazvillanueva1/ · Instagram... https://www.instagram.com/diazvillanueva · Linkedin… https://www.linkedin.com/in/fernando-d%C3%ADaz-villanueva-7303865/ · Flickr... https://www.flickr.com/photos/147276463@N05/?/ · Pinterest... https://www.pinterest.com/fernandodiazvillanueva Encuentra mis libros en: · Amazon... https://www.amazon.es/Fernando-Diaz-Villanueva/e/B00J2ASBXM #FernandoDiazVillanueva #imperioromano #lasmedulas Escucha el episodio completo en la app de iVoox, o descubre todo el catálogo de iVoox Originals

Când și cum se schimbă puterea? Dinastia Severilor. Septimius Severus. Caracalla și Geta. Macrinus. Elagabalus. Alexandru Sever.

When Plácido Domingo, José Carreras and Luciano Pavarotti teamed up for their first joint performance on 7th July, 1990 in Rome, it was intended as a one-off collaboration to celebrate the FIFA World Cup.  But the concert triggered instant worldwide fame for the trio, who became known as The Three Tenors, and their live recording became the biggest-selling classical album of all time. In this episode, Arion, Rebecca and Olly consider how, by mixing showtunes with opera, the Tenors created the ‘classical crossover' genre that spawned Russell Watson, Il Divo and Katherine Jenkins; explain how Carreras' recovery from leukemia was the reason for the concert coming together; and reveal how their iconic Nessun Dorma encore was nearly not included at all… Further Reading: • ‘TENORS, ANYONE? THE BIG THREE ARE MAKING A MINT, BUT THAT DOESN'T NECCESSARILY CORRUPT THEIR ART' (The Washington Post, 1995): https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/style/1995/10/29/tenors-anyone-the-big-three-are-making-a-mint-but-that-doesnt-neccessarily-corrupt-their-art/a0ab8ac1-5ea8-4487-85f7-f554681c0d70/ • ‘Profile: The Three Tenors' (The National, 2015): https://www.thenational.scot/news/14852450.profile-the-three-tenors/ • ‘The Three Tenors sing "O Sole Mio" at Terme di Caracalla' (1990): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvLZSgP0QMY For bonus material and to support the show, visit Patreon.com/Retrospectors We'll be back tomorrow! Follow us wherever you get your podcasts: podfollow.com/Retrospectors The Retrospectors are Olly Mann, Rebecca Messina & Arion McNicoll, with Matt Hill. Theme Music: Pass The Peas. Announcer: Bob Ravelli. Graphic Design: Terry Saunders. Edit Producer: Sophie King. Copyright: Rethink Audio / Olly Mann 2022. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices