Podcasts about Cold War

9 Hours and 5 MinutesPG-13Here are episode 1-9 of the Cold War series with Thomas777.The 'Cold War" Pt. 1 - The End Informs the Beginning w/ Thomas777The 'Cold War" Pt. 2 - How It Starts, and Bonus Election Talk w/ Thomas777The 'Cold War" Pt. 3 - The Korean War w/ Thomas777The 'Cold War" Pt. 4 - Konrad Adenauer and the Bundesrepublik w/ Thomas777The 'Cold War' Pt. 5 - 'The Cuban Missile Crisis' w/ Thomas777The 'Cold War' Pt. 6 - Ho Chi Minh and the Origin of the Vietnam War w/ Thomas777The 'Cold War' Pt. 7 - Robert McNamara, Vietnam, and a World Turning 'Red' w/ Thomas777The Cold War Pt. 8 - How the On the Ground Battles in Vietnam Were Fought w/ Thomas777The 'Cold War' Pt. 9 - Battling the Khmer Rouge w/ Thomas777Thomas' SubstackRadio Free Chicago - T777 and J BurdenThomas777 MerchandiseThomas' Book "Steelstorm Pt. 1"Thomas' Book "Steelstorm Pt. 2"Thomas on TwitterThomas' CashApp - $7homas777Pete and Thomas777 'At the Movies'Support Pete on His WebsitePete's PatreonPete's SubstackPete's SubscribestarPete's GUMROADPete's VenmoPete's Buy Me a CoffeePete on FacebookPete on TwitterBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-pete-quinones-show--6071361/support.

6 Hours and 33 MinutesPG-13Here are episodes 10-16 of the Cold War series with Thomas777.The 'Cold War' Pt. 10 - The Vietnam War Comes to an End w/ Thomas777The 'Cold War' Pt. 11 - Nixon, Detente, and Their Inevitable End w/ Thomas777The 'Cold War' Pt. 12 - Able Archer and Operation R.Y.A.N. - w/ Thomas777The 'Cold War' Pt. 13 - The Downing of Korean Air Lines Flight 007- w/ Thomas777The 'Cold War' Pt. 14 - The 'Red Square' Flight of Mathias Rust - w/ Thomas777The 'Cold War' Pt. 15 - The Berlin Wall Comes Down - w/ Thomas777The 'Cold War' Pt. 16 - The Q&A Finale - w/ Thomas777Thomas' SubstackThomas777 MerchandiseThomas' Book "Steelstorm Pt. 1"Thomas' Book "Steelstorm Pt. 2"Thomas on TwitterThomas' CashApp - $7homas777Pete and Thomas777 'At the Movies'Support Pete on His WebsitePete's PatreonPete's SubstackPete's SubscribestarPete's GUMROADPete's VenmoPete's Buy Me a CoffeePete on FacebookPete on TwitterBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/the-pete-quinones-show--6071361/support.

Superchats at any time here: https://streamlabs.com/jaydyer/tip Merch https://jaydyer-shop.fourthwall.com/collections/all Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnt7Iy8GlmdPwy_Tzyx93bA/join Support my work via Bitcoin here! bc1q07n9qqsvcx33yz6z8xj6meupqxxug9n55zzhqd Image Philosophy Course is here: https://marketplace.autonomyagora.com/philosophy101 Set up recurring Choq subscription with the discount code JAY60LIFE for 60% off now https://choq.com Subscribe to my site here: https://jaysanalysis.com/membership-account/membership-levels/ Music by Dr Evo the Producer, Jay Dyer and Amid the Ruins 1453 https://www.youtube.com/@amidtheruinsOVERHAULBecome a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/jay-sanalysis--1423846/support.

Wait a Second… is kicking off Terror Month with the most terrifying idea of all: nuclear annihilation. Following news last month that an AI chatbot nearly got us into a war with China, Jason and Tyler look back at the early-'80s incidents that nearly brought the Cold War to a boil. With the help of The Ringer's Joel Anderson, they talk NORAD and real-life war games. Later, they break down the Tupac murder trial and conviction of Duane “Keefe D” Davis, which Joel wrote about on The Ringer last week. Today's agenda: (00:00) The real-life ‘WarGames' (02:39) Our guest today: Joel Anderson (04:00) Could AI accidentally start a war? (08:17) Setting the stage for a nuclear near-miss (26:17) The Cold War gets very, very close (39:13) The Soviet “Dead Hand” System (42:30) The Tupac murder verdict and the conspiracy theories (53:56) The LAPD, Keefe D, and the case against him (58:08) The American Idol Murder Case (01:03:17) A Bob Iger COVID conspiracy (01:06:59) Hackers breach the FBI. What did they want? (01:09:49) The mysterious Milwaukee “bad boy” sound Read Joel's piece on the Keefe D verdict here: https://www.theringer.com/2026/09/23/music/tupac-shakur-murder-trial-keffe-d-davis-conviction-conspiracy-theories Subscribe to our YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/@waitasecondpodcast Email us: waitasecondpod@proton.me Follow us on IG: @waitasecondpodcast Hosts: Jason Concepcion and Tyler Parker Guest: Joel Anderson Producer: Justin Sayles Video editing: Jordan Satmary Engineering: Jason Arreola Social media: Paige Ransbury Thumbnail: Matt James Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

⚠️ History looks obvious after we know the ending. Living through it is another matter entirely. That idea shaped my conversation with historian William I. Hitchcock, author of A Shadow Over the World. Americans in the 1930s were not reading a history book. They were listening to radio broadcasts, reading competing newspaper accounts, hearing political speeches, and trying to decide whether events overseas represented another European crisis or something far more dangerous.

1767 ARABIACONTENTS-THE JOHN BATCHELOR SHOW, 9-30-2026Oil Prices Defy Market ReportsMichael Bernstam examines a major disconnect between oil reporting and market conditions, where crude oil benchmark prices remain extremely high at $103.50 per barrel despite reports that most Middle Eastern oil is back on the market. Up to 17.1 million barrels per day are moving via alternative routes, such as the Omani route and Saudipipelines, protected by the U.S. Navy. Meanwhile, global oil reserves were depleted by 57 million barrels, and China has resumed imports to refill its reserves. Furthermore, European countries like Germany are seeking energy partnerships with Kazakhstan to bypass Russian political and economic dependence. (1)Hijack Attempt Aboard FlyDubai FlightBill Roggio analyzes an incident aboard a FlyDubai flight bound for Tel Aviv where a co-pilot attempted to crash the airplane after stabbing the pilot, but was subdued by courageous passengers and crew. Roggio critiques the label "lone wolf," noting that it often dangerously disassociates attackers from broader terrorist networks, much like historic cases linked to radical planners. The discussion highlights strict security protocols for Israeli flights and raises serious questions about how a weapon was smuggled past screening. Separately, British authorities arrested individuals connected to state-sponsored Iranian threats, illustrating persistent global security risks amid early reporting uncertainties. (2)Aging Triad Demands Urgent ModernizationPeter Huessy reflects on Cold War civil defense drills and stresses the urgent necessity of modernizing America's aging nuclear triad. The U.S. military currently operates 42-year-old submarines, 55-year-old Minuteman III ICBMs, and 70-year-old B-52 bombers that risk rusting into obsolescence without modernization. Huessy details historical arms control pacts, noting how exiting the 1972 ABM Treaty allowed the U.S. to build defensive interceptor systems against emerging missile threats from states like North Korea. Facing nuclear build-ups and aggressive posturing from Russia, China, and North Korea, the U.S. relies on extended nuclear deterrence and allied cooperation to maintain strategic stability. (3)Beijing Blocks Second Thomas ResupplyCaptain James Fanell, co-host Gordon Chang: Fanell discusses aggressive Chinese maritime tactics in the South China Sea, where a coordinated force of three PLA Navy warships and eleven Coast Guard and maritime militia vessels blocked two small Philippine Coast Guard vessels resupplying the grounded outpost Sierra Madre. This blockade broke a series of fifteen successful resupply missions conducted since July 2024, demonstrating Beijing's willingness to violate international agreements and its own signed code of conduct. Fanell notes that internal purges of over one hundred senior military officers in Beijing have not disrupted the execution of these coordinated bullying operations against neighboring sovereign nations. (4)US Navy Protects Hormuz TransitRebecca Grant, co-host Gordon Chang: Grant refutes Iranian propaganda claiming disruption of U.S. Fifth Fleetoperations near the Strait of Hormuz. Grant explains that Iran lacks precise real-time tracking capabilities to target agile, fast-moving American destroyers and aircraft carriers operating in deep zone defense formations. Even if foreign satellites provide imagery, targeting data quickly becomes stale and ineffective. Under U.S. Navy protection, between 10 and 20 million barrels of oil per day continue to transit safely out of the Gulf. This maintains an effective economic blockade on Iranian exports while keeping vital global shipping lanes secure. (5)Trump Meets Xi In WashingtonCharles Burton, co-host Gordon Chang: Burton evaluates the summit between U.S. and Chinese leaders in Washington, describing it as a diplomatic spectacle that delivered virtually no substantive policy agreements. Critical issues like artificial intelligence safeguards, Taiwan's sovereignty, and trade imbalances were completely omitted, handing Beijing a domestic propaganda victory. Burton also examines Canadian political dynamics under Mark Carney, where public sentiment has grown increasingly nationalistic and supportive of trade diversification toward Europe and India. This shift comes in response to economic pressure, U.S. tariffs, and covert intimidation operations conducted by Chinese state agents on Canadian soil. (6)Greenland Defense Strategy Secures NorthBradley Bowman highlights Greenland's vital geographic role in North American defense, dominating the GIUK gapand providing early warning detection against Russian and Chinese missile threats. While recent defense agreements properly expand radar facilities and military infrastructure, Bowman argues that coercive political tactics unnecessarily strained relations with Denmark, a steadfast NATO ally. Effective Arctic defense requires the three-D kill chain: detect, decide, and deliver. Because the U.S. lacks sufficient icebreakers and polar infrastructure, deep defense cooperation with Arctic allies like Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Canada remains indispensable for hemispheric security. (7)Private Enterprise Advances Space ExplorationBob Zimmerman highlights major developments in commercial space flight and astronomy. SpaceX achieved orbit on its 14th Starship test flight, deploying 26 Starlink version 3 satellites before completing soft vertical ocean splashdowns. Boeing and NASA agreed on an unmanned cargo mission to test fixes for Starliner thruster and corrosion issues. Meanwhile, Blue Origin raised $10 billion to advance New Glenn development under CEO David Limp. NASA's Perseverance rover resumed updates after surveying Jezero Crater for drilling. Finally, the James Webb Space Telescope detected heavy elements in early galaxies, challenging current cosmological models. (8)European Commodity Prices Rise Sharply — Guest: Simon Constable Simon Constable discusses global commodity trends, European political shifts, and artificial intelligence infrastructure. Brent crude has risen to $97 per barrel, while European diesel prices surged to $9.52 per gallon, placing severe economic strain on consumers and agriculture. Critiquing British politics under the Labour government, Constable expresses concern over heavy taxation, public debt, and bloated social welfare spending. Turning to artificial intelligence, Constable notes that while new data centers bring needed financial investment to rural communities, their rapid expansion raises widespread anxiety over massive power consumption, with facilities now using over 4% of U.S. electricity. 9Examining Wealth Inequality And Innovation — Guest: David Henderson David Henderson contrasts market innovation with political cronyism when evaluating wealth inequality. Rebutting Thomas Piketty's proposal for uniform wealth taxation, Henderson demonstrates that entrepreneurs like Robert McCulloch or Elon Musk created fortunes by delivering superior products that immensely benefited consumers. Citing research by William Nordhaus, he notes that innovators retain only 2.2% of the value generated by their innovations, with 97.8% flowing directly to consumers. Conversely, wealth acquired through government favor and anti-competitive restrictions harms consumers. Henderson concludes that heavy taxation on wealth discourages capital investment, productivity, and real wage growth. 10

On this week's episode of Unclear and Present Danger, Jamelle and John watched Steven Spielberg's World War II epic, Saving Private Ryan, starring Tom Hanks, Ed Burns, Matt Damon and Tom Sizemore, among many other notable actors. Set in 1944 during and after the D-Day landing, Saving Private Ryan follows a group of soldiers on a mission to locate Private James Francis Ryan and bring him home to safety after his three brothers were killed in action. Saving Private Ryan was released to wide acclaim. It was commercially successful and easily one of the most influential movies of the decade. We discuss that, and much more, in the episode.As always, remember to check out our Patreon, where we do episodes on the films of the Cold War and maintain a weekly politics podcast. You can find that at patreon.com/unclearpod.Next episode? John Frankenheimer's Ronin.

Please join Danish podcaster & author, Flemming Blicher, and me to discuss the hidden history of Greenland and the United States, from a secret agreement during the Cold War to a nuclear weapons disaster in 1968 and finally to a deal cut by Antony Blinken only a few years ago. Of course Trump is always painted as the instigator, but this is one of the occasions when he is the beard. Find Flemming Blicher: https://www.dissident-voices.com Exclusive Content and Ways to Support: Support me on Substack for ad-free content, bonus material, personal chatting and more! ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://substack.com/@monicaperezshow⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Become a PREMIUM SUBSCRIBER on Apple Podcasts for AD FREE episodes and exclusive content! True Hemp Science: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://truehempscience.com/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ PROMO CODE: MONICA Find, Follow, Subscribe & Rate on your favorite podcasting platform AND for video and social & more... Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://monicaperezshow.com/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Substack: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://substack.com/@monicaperezshow⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Rumble: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://rumble.com/user/monicaperezshow⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/c/MonicaPerez⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Twitter/X: @monicaperezshow Instagram: @monicaperezshow Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this solo episode of the Explaining History Podcast, we examine the American withdrawal from Iraq – the product of Trump's war with Iran, and a strategic defeat of historic proportions.Iraq has been enormously important to the United States since the end of the Cold War. It has served multiple strategic, foreign policy and domestic purposes. Its loss – the effective expulsion of American power from the country – is an epic disaster unfolding in slow motion. It doesn't look like the British retreat from Afghanistan in the 1840s, but it is a catastrophe nonetheless.The war against Iran has achieved the opposite of everything it intended. It has cost America its bases in the Persian Gulf. It has empowered the Houthi rebels in Yemen and threatened control of the Red Sea. It has surrendered the Straits of Hormuz. It has alienated the Gulf states and the Saudis. And now it has forced a strategic withdrawal from Iraq.We trace the long history of American involvement in Iraq – from the use of Saddam Hussein as a bulwark against revolutionary Iran and the Soviet Union, through the first Gulf War and the brutal sanctions regime that followed, to the catastrophic invasion of 2003. We examine the decision not to overthrow Saddam in 1991, the disbandment of the Iraqi army, the failure to understand Iraq's ethnic and religious divisions, and the looting of the National Museum – met with Rumsfeld's infamous remark that "freedom is messy."Drawing on John Gray's critique of liberal interventionism, we consider the argument that there are things worse than tyranny – and that what replaced Saddam's Leviathan was anarchy, a condition that elements of the American right seemed actively to welcome.The withdrawal from Iraq is not the orderly dismantling of empire. It is a rout – and what replaces American influence will almost certainly be Iranian. Trump has defeated his own country.Topics covered:The American withdrawal from IraqThe war against Iran and its strategic consequencesIraq as a Cold War client stateThe first Gulf War and the sanctions regimeThe 2003 invasion and its catastrophic aftermathThe disbandment of the Iraqi armyThe looting of the National MuseumJohn Gray on tyranny and anarchyThe rise of Iranian influence in IraqIf you enjoy the podcast, please consider supporting us – we are migrating from Patreon to Substack. Details in the show notes.Explaining History helps you understand the 20th Century through critical conversations and expert interviews. We connect the past to the present. If you enjoy the show, please subscribe and share.▸ Support the Show & Get Exclusive ContentBecome a Patron: patreon.com/explaininghistory▸ Join the Community & Continue the ConversationFacebook Group: facebook.com/groups/ExplainingHistoryPodcastSubstack: theexplaininghistorypodcast.substack.com▸ Read Articles & Go DeeperWebsite: explaininghistory.org Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

https://www.amazon.co.uk/Villain-Venice-Steampunk-Adventure-Expanded/dp/B0GYVW1ZM3?source=ps-sl-shoppingads-lpcontext&ref_=fplfs&psc=1&smid=A3P5ROKL5A1OLE notes from wiki This article is about the novel. For the 1997 film, see Starship Troopers (film). For other uses, see Starship Troopers (disambiguation). Starship Troopers First edition hardcover Author Robert A. Heinlein Cover artist Jerry Robinson Language English Genre Military science fiction Philosophical fiction[1][2][3] Publisher G. P. Putnam's Sons Publication date November 5, 1959[4] Publication place United States Media type Print (hardcover and paperback) Pages 263 (paperback edition) Award Hugo Award for Best Novel (1960) ISBN 978-0450044496 Online Computer Library Center number"}]]}"> OCLC 2797649 Library of Congress Classification"}]]}"> LC Class PZ7.H368 Su Starship Troopers is a military science fiction novel by American writer Robert A. Heinlein. Written in a few weeks in reaction to the US suspending nuclear tests,[5] the story was first published as a two-part serial in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction as Starship Soldier, and published as a book by G. P. Putnam's Sons on November 5, 1959.[4] The story is set in a future society ruled by a human interstellar government called the Terran Federation, dominated by a military elite. Under the Terran Federation, only veterans of a primarily military Federal Service enjoy full citizenship, including the right to vote.[6] The first-person narrative follows Juan "Johnny" Rico, a young man of Filipino descent, through his military service in the Mobile Infantry. He progresses from recruit to officer against the backdrop of an interstellar war between humans and an alien species known as "Arachnids" or "Bugs". Interspersed with the primary plot are classroom scenes in which Rico and others discuss philosophical and moral issues, including aspects of suffrage, civic virtue, juvenile delinquency, and war; these discussions have been described as expounding Heinlein's own political views.[7] Identified with a tradition of militarism in US science fiction,[8] the novel draws parallels between the conflict between humans and the Bugs, and the Cold War.[9] It is also a coming-of-age novel, which criticizes the US society of the 1950s, arguing that a lack of discipline had led to a moral decline, and advocating corporal and capital punishment.[7][10] Starship Troopers brought to an end Heinlein's series of juvenile novels. It won the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1960,[3] and was praised by reviewers for its scenes of training and combat and its visualization of a future military.[11][12] It also became enormously controversial because of the political views it seemed to support. Reviewers were strongly critical of the book's intentional glorification of the military,[13][14] an aspect described as propaganda and likened to recruitment.[15] The novel's militarism, and the fact that government service – most often military service – was a prerequisite to the right to vote, led to it being frequently described as fascist.[14][16][17] Others disagree, arguing that Heinlein was only exploring the idea of limiting the right to vote to a certain group of people.[18] Heinlein's depiction of gender has also been questioned, while reviewers have said that the terms used to describe the aliens were akin to racial epithets.[19] Starship Troopers had wide influence both within and outside science fiction. Ken MacLeod stated that "the political strand in [science fiction] can be described as a dialogue with Heinlein".[2] Science fiction critic Darko Suvin wrote that it is the "ancestral text of US science fiction militarism" and that it shaped the debate about the role of the military in society for many years.[20] The novel is credited with popularizing the idea of powered armor, which became a recurring feature in science fiction books and films, as well as an object of scientific research.[21] Heinlein's depiction of a futuristic military was also influential.[22] Later science fiction books, such as Joe Haldeman's 1974 anti-war novel The Forever War, have been described as reactions to Starship Troopers.[23] The story was adapted several times, including in a 1997 film version directed by Paul Verhoeven that satirized what the director saw as the fascist aspects of the novel.[24] Writing and publication The cover of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction (November 1959), illustrating Starship Soldier Robert Heinlein was among the best-selling science fiction authors of the 1940s and 1950s, along with Isaac Asimov and Arthur C. Clarke; they were known as the "big three" that dominated US science fiction. In contrast to the others, Heinlein firmly endorsed the anti-communist sentiment of the Cold War era in his writing.[25] Heinlein served in the US Navy for five years after graduating from the United States Naval Academy in 1929. His experience in the military profoundly influenced his fiction.[26] At some point between 1958 and 1959, Heinlein put aside the novel that would become Stranger in a Strange Land and wrote Starship Troopers. His motivation arose partially from his anger at US President Dwight Eisenhower's decision to suspend US nuclear tests, and the Soviet tests that occurred soon afterward.[5] Writing in his 1980 volume Expanded Universe, Heinlein would say that the publication of a newspaper advertisement placed by the National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy on April 5, 1958, calling for a unilateral suspension of nuclear weapons testing by the United States sparked his desire to write Starship Troopers.[27] Heinlein and his wife Virginia created the "Patrick Henry League" in an attempt to create support for the US nuclear testing program. Heinlein stated that he used the novel to clarify his military and political views.[28] Like many of Heinlein's books, Starship Troopers was completed in a few weeks. It was originally written as a juvenile novel for New York publishing house Scribner; Heinlein had previously had success with this format, having written several such novels published by that publisher. The manuscript was rejected, prompting Heinlein to end his association with that publisher completely, and to resume writing books with adult themes.[5][19][29] Scholars have suggested that Scribner's rejection was based on ideological objections to the content of the novel, particularly in its treatment of military conflict.[19][30] The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction first published Starship Troopers in October and November 1959 as a two-part serial titled Starship Soldier.[29] A senior editor at Putnam's, Peter Israel, purchased the manuscript and approved revisions that made it more marketable to adults. Asked whether it was aimed at children or adults, he said at a sales conference "Let's let the readers decide who likes it."[31] The novel was eventually published by G. P. Putnam's Sons.[29] Setting Set approximately 700 years in the future,[19] the book depicts an Earth ruled by a world government run by military veterans.[6] The society is depicted as affluent, and futuristic technology shown as coexisting with educational methods from the 20th century.[19] The rights of a full citizen, to vote and hold public office, are not universally guaranteed, and rather must be earned through Federal Service.[18] Those who do not perform this service (of which only military service has been described) retain the rights of free speech and assembly, but can neither vote nor hold public office. People of either sex above the age of 18 are permitted to enlist; only those who complete their service receive the right to vote.[19][32] Important government jobs are reserved for federal service veterans.[6] This structure arose ad hoc after the collapse of the "20th century Western democracies", driven in part by an inability to control crime and juvenile delinquency, particularly in North America, and a war between an alliance of the United States, the United Kingdom and Russia, against the "Chinese Hegemony".[33] Two extraterrestrial civilizations are depicted, respectively, as the "Pseudo-Arachnids" (or "Bugs"), and the "Skinnies". The "Bugs" are described as communal beings originating from the planet of Klendathu, and consist of multiple castes; workers, warriors, brains, and queens, similar to those of ants and termites on Earth. The warriors are the only ones who fight, and are unable to surrender in battle.[34] It also is implied that the Bugs are technologically advanced, possessing such technologies as spaceships.[35] The "Skinnies" are depicted as less communal than the Arachnids, yet more so than humans.[36] The events of the novel take place during an interstellar war between the Terran Federation and the Arachnids.[37] At the opening of the story, Earth is not at war, yet such a declaration has come when Rico has completed his training.[5] The "Skinnies" are initially allies of the Pseudo-Arachnids, but switch to alliance with humans, midway through the novel.[36] Faster-than-light travel exists in this future: spacecraft use the "Cherenkov drive", and can travel "Sol to Capella, forty-six lightyears, in under six weeks".[38] Starship Troopers is narrated by the main protagonist Juan "Johnny" Rico, a member of the "Mobile Infantry". It is one of the few Heinlein novels which intersperses his typical linear narrative structure with a series of flashbacks.[5][37] These flashbacks are frequently to Rico's "History and Moral Philosophy" course in school, in which the teacher discusses the history of the structure of their society.[5][18] Rico is depicted as a man of Filipino ancestry. He is from a wealthy family, whose members had never served in the military.[5][19][32] Rico's ancestry is depicted as inconsequential, society having finally abandoned racial and gender-based prejudice.[19] Plot The novel opens with Rico aboard the corvette transport Rodger Young (named after real life Medal of Honor recipient Rodger Young),[39] serving with the platoon known as "Rasczak's Roughnecks". The platoon carries out a raid against a planetary colony held by Skinnies.[19] The raid is relatively brief: the platoon lands on the planet, destroys its targets, and retreats, suffering two casualties in the process. One of them, Dizzy Flores, is rescued by Rico but dies while returning to orbit.[40] The narrative then flashes back to Rico's graduation from high school. Rico and his best friend Carl are considering joining the Federal Service after graduation; Rico is hesitant, partly due to his father's attitude towards the military.[5] Rico makes his decision after discovering that his classmate Carmen Ibañez also intends to enlist.[41] Rico's choice is taken poorly by his parents, and he leaves with a sense of estrangement. He is assigned to the Mobile Infantry, and moves to Camp Arthur Currie (named for Sir Arthur Currie who rose through the ranks to command the Canadian Corps in World War I) on the Canadian prairie for his training under Sergeant Charles Zim.[42] The training is extremely demanding.[43] Rico receives combat training of all types, including simulated fights in armored suits.[44][45] A fellow recruit is court-martialed, flogged, and dismissed for striking a drill instructor who was also his company commander. Rico himself is given five lashes for firing a rocket during a drill with armored suits and simulated nuclear weapons without ensuring that no friendlies were within the blast zone, which in combat would have resulted in the death of a fellow soldier.[46] Another recruit, who murdered a baby girl after deserting the army, is hanged by his battalion after his arrest by civilian police.[46] Disheartened, Rico thinks of resigning when he receives a letter from Jean Dubois, who taught Rico History and Moral Philosophy.[47] Dubois reveals that he was once a lieutenant colonel in the Mobile Infantry, which gives Rico the motivation not to resign.[48] After further training at another camp near Vancouver, Rico graduates with 187 others, of the 2,009 who had begun training in that regiment.[49] The "Bug War" has changed from minor incidents to a full-scale war during Rico's training. An Arachnid attack that annihilates the city of Buenos Aires alerts civilians to the situation; Rico's mother is killed in the attack.[50] Rico participates in the Battle of Klendathu, an attack on the Arachnid's home world, which turns into a disastrous defeat for the Terran Federation.[51] Rico's ship, the Valley Forge, is destroyed, and his unit is decimated; he is reassigned to the Roughnecks on board the Rodger Young, led by Lieutenant Rasczak and Sergeant Jelal.[52] The unit carries out several raids, and Rico is promoted to corporal by Jelal after Rasczak dies in combat.[53] One of his comrades in the Roughnecks suggests that Rico go to officer training school and try to become an officer. Rico ends up going to see Jelal, and finds that Jelal already had the paperwork ready. Rico enters Officer Candidate School for a second course of training, including further courses in "History and Moral Philosophy".[54][55] En route from the Roughnecks to the school Rico encounters his father who has also enlisted and is now a corporal, and the two reconcile. He is also visited in school by Carmen, now an ensign and ship's pilot officer in the Navy, and the two discuss their friend Carl, who had been killed earlier in the war.[56] Rico is commissioned a temporary third lieutenant for his final test: a posting to a combat unit. Under the tutelage of his company commander, Captain Blackstone, and with the aid of his platoon sergeant, his boot camp drill instructor Fleet Sergeant Zim, Rico commands a platoon during "Operation Royalty", a raid to capture members of the Arachnid brain caste and queens.[57] Rico then returns to the officer school to graduate. The novel ends with him holding the rank of second lieutenant, in command of his old platoon in the Rodger Young, with his father as his platoon sergeant. The platoon has been renamed "Rico's Roughnecks", and is about to participate in an attack on Klendathu.[58] Themes Robert Heinlein in 1976 Commentators have written that Starship Troopers is not driven by its plot, though it contains scenes of military combat. Instead, much of the novel is given over to a discussion of ideas.[59] In particular, the discussion of political views is a recurring feature of what scholar Jeffrey Cass described as an "ideologically intense" book.[16] A 1997 review in Salon categorized it as a "philosophical novel".[1] Critics have debated to what extent the novel promotes Heinlein's own political views. Some contend that the novel maintains a sense of irony that allows readers to draw their own conclusions; others argue that Heinlein is sermonizing throughout the book, and that its purpose is to expound Heinlein's militaristic philosophy.[16][18] Militarism Starship Troopers has been identified as being a part of a tradition in American science fiction that assumes that violent conflict and the militarization of society are inevitable and necessary.[8] Although the Mobile Infantry, the force to which Rico is assigned, is seen as a lowly post by the characters in the story, the novel itself suggests that it is the heart of the army and the most honorable unit in it.[43] In a commentary written in 1980, Heinlein agreed that Starship Troopers "glorifies the military ... Specifically the P.B.I., the Poor Bloody Infantry, the mudfoot who places his frail body between his loved home and the war's desolation – but is rarely appreciated ... he has the toughest job of all and should be honored."[13] The story is based on the social Darwinist idea of society as a struggle for survival based on military strength. It suggests that some conflicts must be resolved by force: one of the lessons Rico is repeatedly taught is that violence can be an effective method of settling conflict.[19] These suggestions derive in part from Heinlein's view that in the 1950s the US government was being too conciliatory in its dealings with communist China and the Soviet Union.[17][59][60][61] Heinlein draws an analogy between the human society in the novel, which is well-to-do but needs to be vigilant against the imperialist threat of the Arachnids, and US society of the 1950s. Reviewers have suggested that the Arachnids are Heinlein's analogue for communists. Traits used to support this include the communal nature of the Arachnids, which makes them capable of a much higher degree of coordination than the humans. Bug society is once explicitly described as communist, and is moreover depicted as communist by nature; this has been read as implying that those with a different political ideology are analogous to alien beings.[9][19][62] The related motifs of alien invasion, patriotism, and personal sacrifice during war, are present, as are other aspects of US popular culture of the 1950s.[17] Commentators have argued that Heinlein's portrayal of aliens, as well as being a reference to 1950s communist countries, aims to "reinscribe the ideologies of America's mythic frontier history". The concept of the frontier includes a social-Darwinist argument of constantly fighting for survival, even at the expense of indigenous people or, in the case of Starship Troopers, of aliens. Heinlein suggests that without territorial expansion involving violent conquest of other races, humans would be destroyed.[63] Scholar Jamie King has stated that Heinlein does not address the question of what the military government and Federal Service would do in peacetime, and argues that Heinlein has set up a society designed to be continuously at war, and to keep expanding its territory.[64] Coming of age Starship Troopers has been referred to as a bildungsroman or "coming-of-age" story for Rico, as he matures through his tenure in the infantry. His training, both at boot camp and at officer candidate school, involves learning the value of militarism, thus inviting the reader to learn it as well.[43] This is especially true of the parts of his training that involve indoctrination, such as the claim by one of his instructors that rule by military veterans is the ideal form of government, because only they understand how to put collective well-being above the individual.[43] The story traces Rico's transformation from a boy into a soldier, while exploring issues of identity and motivation,[18] and traces his overall moral and social development, in a manner identified by commentators as similar to many stories about German soldiers in World War I.[65] Rico's transformation has been likened to the common narrative within stories with military themes by scholar H. Bruce Franklin. This typical narrative is that of a sloppy and unfit civilian being knocked into shape by tough officers, whose training is "calculated sadism" but is depicted as fundamentally being on the right side.[32] The letter Rico receives from Dubois, partly responsible for Rico "crossing the hump" with his training, is shown as a turning point in his development.[19] The classroom scenes embedded in the story serve to explain Rico's adventures, and highlight his reactions to events around. A notable example is the execution Rico is forced to witness after a deserter from his unit murders a young girl; Rico is uncertain of his own reaction until he remembers a lecture by Dubois in which the latter argues that "moral sense" derives entirely from the will to survive.[19][66] The concept of the American frontier is also related to the coming-of-age theme. Young protagonists across Heinlein's novels attain manhood by confronting a hostile "wilderness" in space; coming-of-age in a military, alien context is a common theme in Heinlein's earlier works as well.[67] Rico's coming-of-age has also been described as being related to his relationship with his father; the journey "outward" through the novel also contains a search for Rico's childhood and a reunion with his estranged parent.[68] Moral decline Starship Troopers also critiques US society of the 1950s, suggesting that it led young people to be spoiled and undisciplined. These beliefs are expressed through the classroom lectures of Dubois, Rico's teacher for History and Moral Philosophy. Dubois praises flogging and other types of corporal punishment as a means of addressing juvenile crimes. It has been suggested that Heinlein endorsed this view, although the fact that Dubois also compares raising children to training a puppy has been used to argue that Heinlein was making use of irony.[10] The story is strongly in favor of corporal punishment and capital punishment, as a means of correcting juvenile delinquents, part of a trend in science fiction which examines technology and outer space in an innovative manner, but is reactionary with respect to human relationships.[7][23] As with other books by Heinlein, traditional schools are denigrated, while learning "on the spot" is extolled: Rico is able to master the things required of him in military training without undue difficulty.[19] Dubois also ridicules the idea of inalienable rights, such as "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness", arguing that people have only the rights that they are willing to fight and die for to protect.[33][66][69] The novel appeals to scientific authority to justify this position; Dubois repeatedly states that his argument is mathematically demonstrable, statements which have led scholars to label the novel "hard science fiction", despite its social and political themes.[70] The "moral decline" caused by this situation is depicted as having caused a global war between an alliance of the US, Britain, and Russia against the "Chinese Hegemony" in the year 1987. Despite the alliance between the US and Russia, this war has been described as demonstrating Heinlein's anti-communist beliefs, which saw "swarming hordes" of Chinese as a bigger threat. The novel draws some comparisons between the Chinese and the Arachnids, and suggests that the lessons of one war could be applied to the other.[69] Reception To Heinlein's surprise,[71] Starship Troopers won the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1960.[72] It has been acknowledged as one of the best-known and most influential works of science fiction.[2][21] The novel is considered a landmark for the genre, having been described by a 1960 review as one of the ten best genre books of 1959,[73] in a 2009 review as a key science fiction novel of the 1950s,[14] and as the best-known example of military science fiction.[74] The novel has been described as marking Heinlein's transition from writing juvenile fiction to a "more mature phase" as an author.[3] Reviewing the book with others written for children, Floyd C. Gale of Galaxy Science Fiction wrote in 1960 that "Heinlein has penned a juvenile that really is not. This is a new and bitter and disillusioned Heinlein". Rating it 2.5 stars out of five for children, 4.5 stars for adults, and "?" for civilians, he believed that the novel would be "of exceptional interest to veterans with battle experience ... but youngsters will find it melancholy and verbose".[75] Conversely, Michael Moorcock described it as Heinlein's last "straight" science fiction, before he turned to more serious writing such as Stranger in a Strange Land.[76] By 1980, twenty years after its release, Starship Troopers had been translated into eleven languages and was still selling strongly. Heinlein nevertheless complained that, despite this success, almost all the mail he received about it was negative and he only heard about it "when someone wants to chew me out".[71] The novel is highly contentious.[3] Controversy surrounded its praise of the military and approval of violence, to the extent that it has frequently been described as fascist, and its implication that militarism is superior to traditional democracy.[3][77] Heinlein's peers were among those who argued over the book; a comparison between a quote in Starship Troopers that "the noblest fate that a man can endure is to place his own mortal body between his loved home and war's desolation"[78] and the anti-war poem "Dulce et Decorum Est" by Wilfred Owen began a two-year discussion in the Proceedings of the Institute for Twenty-First Century Studies from 1959 to 1961, with James Blish, Poul Anderson, Philip José Farmer, Anthony Boucher, John Brunner, Brian Aldiss, among those debating Starship Troopers's quality of writing, philosophy, and morality.[79] The writing in Starship Troopers has received varied responses, with the scenes of military training and combat receiving praise. In a 2009 retrospective, science-fiction writer Jo Walton wrote that Starship Troopers was "military SF done extremely well".[18] She went on to argue that "Heinlein was absolutely at his peak when he wrote this in 1959. He had so much technical stylistic mastery of the craft of writing science fiction that he could [tell the story] 'backwards and in high heels' and get away with it."[18] Others referred to it as very readable, and found the military scenes compelling.[3][11][12] Heinlein's descriptions of training and boot camp in the novel, based on his own experiences in the military, have been described as being rendered with remarkable skill.[17] A 1960 review in the New York Herald Tribune praised the "brilliantly written" passages describing infantry combat, and also called attention to the discussion of weapons and armor,[80] which, according to other reviewers, demonstrated Heinlein's "undiminished talent for invention".[19] Scholar George Slusser described the book in 1986 as the "ultimately convincing space-war epic", praising in particular the "precisely imagined" weapons and tactics,[68] while a 1979 science fiction encyclopedia referred to it as the "slickest" of Heinlein's juvenile books.[19] Criticism of the style of the book has centered on its political aspects. Heinlein's discussions of his political beliefs were criticized as "didactic",[11][80][81] and the novel was derided for "exposition [that was] inserted in large indigestible chunks".[80] Author Ken MacLeod's 2003 analysis of the political nature of Starship Troopers stated that it was "a book where civics infodumps and accounts of brutal boot-camp training far outweigh the thin and tensionless combat scenes".[12] Scientist and author Brunner compared it to a "Victorian children's book",[82] while the Science Fiction Handbook published in 2009 said that the novel provided "compelling images of a futuristic military" and that it raised important questions, even for those who disagree with its political ideology. However, it stated that the story was weak as a tale of an alien encounter, as it did not explore alien society in any detail, but presented the Arachnids as nameless and faceless creatures that wished to destroy humanity.[22] Boucher, founder of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, remarked in 1960 that Heinlein had "forgotten to insert a story".[80] A 1979 summary said that though Heinlein's vision might verge on fascism, his tightly controlled narrative made his ideology seem "vibrantly appealing".[19] Criticism of militarism Starship Troopers is generally considered to promote militarism, the glorification of war and of the military.[14] Scholar Bruce Franklin referred to it in 1980 as a "bugle-blowing, drum-beating glorification" of military service, and wrote that militarism and imperialism were the explicit message of the book.[15][83] Science fiction writer Dean McLaughlin called it "a book-length recruiting poster".[84] In 1968 science fiction critic Alexei Panshin called Starship Troopers a militaristic polemic and compared it to a recruiting film, stating that it "purports to show the life of a typical soldier, with a soundtrack commentary by earnest sincere Private Jones who interprets what we see for us." Panshin stated that there was no "sustained human conflict" in the book: instead, "All the soldiers we see are tough, smart, competent, cleancut, clean-shaven, and noble."[85] Panshin, a veteran of the peacetime military, argued that Heinlein glossed over the reality of military life, and that the Terran Federation-Arachnid conflict existed simply because, "Starship troopers are not half so glorious sitting on their butts polishing their weapons for the tenth time for lack of anything else to do."[85] Literature scholar George Slusser, in describing the novel as "wrong-headed and retrogressive", argued that calling its ideology militarism or imperialism was inadequate, as these descriptions suggested an economic motive. Slusser instead says that Heinlein advocates for a complete "technological subjugation of nature", of which the Arachnids are a symbol, and that this subjugation itself is depicted as a sign of human advancement.[83] A 1997 review of the film in Salon stated that the novel could almost be described as propaganda, and was terrifying as a result, particularly in its belief that the boot camp had to be an ingredient of any civilization. This was described as a highly unusual utopian vision.[1] Moorcock stated that the lessons Rico learns in boot camp: "wars are inevitable, [and] that the army is always right".[76] In discussing the book's utility in classroom discussions of the form of government, Alan Myers stated that its depiction of the military was of an "unashamedly Earth-chauvinist nature".[11] In the words of science fiction scholar Darko Suvin, Starship Troopers was an "unsubtle but powerful black-and-white paean to combat life", and an example of agitprop in favor of military values.[81] Other writers defended Heinlein. George Price argued that "[Heinlein] implies, first, that war is something endured, not enjoyed, and second, that war is so unpleasant, so desolate, that it must at all costs be kept away from one's home."[86] Poul Anderson also defended some of the novel's positions, arguing "Heinlein has recognized the problem of selective versus nonselective franchise, and his proposed solution does merit discussion."[87] Complaints were made against Heinlein for the lack of conscription in Starship Troopers. When he wrote the novel, the military draft was still in effect in the US.[88] Allegations of fascism The society within the book has frequently been described as fascist.[14][16][17] According to the 2009 Science Fiction Handbook, it had the effect of giving Heinlein a reputation as a "fanatical warmongering fascist".[6] Scholar Jeffrey Cass has referred to the setting of the book as "unremittingly grim fascism". He has stated that the novel made an analogy between its military conflict and those of the US after World War II, and that it justified American imperialism in the name of fighting another form of imperialism.[89] Jasper Goss has referred to it as "crypto-fascist".[17] Suvin compares Heinlein's suggestion that "all wars arise from population pressure" to the Nazi concept of Lebensraum or "living space" for a superior society that was used to justify territorial expansion.[90] Some reviewers have suggested that Heinlein was simply discussing the merits of a selective versus a nonselective franchise.[18] Heinlein made a similar claim, over two decades after Starship Troopers's publication, in his Expanded Universe and further claimed that 95 percent of "veterans" were not military personnel but members of the civil service.[91] Heinlein's own description has been disputed, even among the book's defenders. Heinlein scholar James Gifford has argued that a number of quotes within the novel suggest that the characters within the book assume that the Federal Service is largely military. For instance, when Rico tells his father that he is interested in Federal Service, his father immediately explains his belief that Federal Service is a bad idea because there is no war in progress, indicating that he sees Federal Service as military in nature. Gifford states that although Heinlein's intentions may have been that Federal Service be 95 percent non-military, in relation to the actual contents of the book, Heinlein "is wrong on this point. Flatly so."[5] Dennis Showalter, writing in 1975, defended Starship Troopers, stating that the society depicted in it did not contain many elements of fascism. He argues that the novel does not include outright opposition to Bolshevism and liberalism that would be expected in a fascist society.[89] Others have responded by saying Showalter's argument is based on a literal reading of the novel, and that the story glorifies militarism to a large extent.[89] Ken Macleod argues that the book does not actually advocate fascism because anybody capable of understanding the oath of Federal Service is able to enlist and thereby obtain political power.[12] Macleod states that Heinlein's books are consistently liberal, but cover a spectrum from democratic to elitist forms of liberalism, Starship Troopers being on the latter end of the spectrum.[2] It has been argued that Heinlein's militarism is more libertarian than fascist, and that this trend is also present in Heinlein's other popular books of the period, such as Stranger in a Strange Land (1961) and The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress (1966). This period of Heinlein's writing has received more critical attention than any other, although he continued to write into the 1980s.[14] Apparent utopianism The setting of the book is presented by Heinlein as utopian; its leaders are shown as good and wise, and the population as free and prosperous.[6][19] Slusser wrote in 1987 that Starship Troopers depicts a world that is "hell for human beings", but nonetheless celebrates the ideology of its fictional society.[83] The rulers are claimed to be the best in history, because they understand that human nature is to fight for power through the use of force.[43] The suggestion of utopia is not explored in depth, as the lives of those outside the military are not shown in any detail.[19][22] The novel suggests that the militarist philosophy espoused by many of the characters has a mathematical backing, though reviewers have commented that Heinlein does not present any basis for this.[18][43] Writers such as Farmer, Robert A. W. Lowndes, and Michael Moorcock have criticized the novel for being a hypothetical utopia, in the sense that while Heinlein's ideas sound plausible, they have never been put to the test. Moorcock wrote an essay entitled "Starship Stormtroopers" in which he attacked Heinlein and other writers over similar "Utopian fiction".[76] Lowndes accused Heinlein of using straw man arguments, "countering ingenuous half-truths with brilliant half-truths".[92] Lowndes further argued that the Terran Federation could never be as idealistic as Heinlein portrays it to be because he never properly addressed "whether or not [non-citizens] have at least as full a measure of civil redress against official injustice as we have today".[92] Farmer agreed, arguing that a "world ruled by veterans would be as mismanaged, graft-ridden, and insane as one ruled by men who had never gotten near the odor of blood and guts".[93] Race and gender Authors and commentators have stated that the manner in which the extraterrestrial beings are portrayed in Starship Troopers has racist aspects, arguing that the nicknames "Bugs" and "Skinnies" carry racial overtones. John Brunner compared them to calling Koreans "gooks".[82] Slusser argued that the term "Bugs" was an "abusive and biologically inaccurate" word that justified the violence against alien beings, a tendency which, according to Slusser, the book shared with other commercially successful science fiction.[62] Some of Heinlein's other works have also been described as racist, though Franklin argues that this was not unique to Heinlein, and that he was less racist than the US government of the time.[94] Heinlein's early novel Sixth Column was called a "racist paean" to a white resistance movement against an Asian horde derived from the Yellow Peril.[95] In 1978, Moorcock wrote that Starship Troopers "set the pattern for Heinlein's more ambitious paternalistic, xenophobic" stories.[76] Robert Lowndes argues that the war between the Terrans and the Arachnids is not about a quest for racial purity, but rather an extension of Heinlein's belief that man is a wild animal. According to this theory, if man lacks a moral compass beyond the will to survive, and he was confronted by another species with a similar lack of morality, then the only possible moral result would be warfare.[92] The fact that all pilots in the novel are women (in contrast to the infantry, which is entirely male) has been cited as evidence of progressive gender politics within the story, although the idea expressed by Rico that women are the motivation for men to fight in the military is a counter-example to this.[18][22] A 1996 science fiction encyclopedia said that like much of Heinlein's fiction, Starship Troopers exemplified "macho male culture".[96] The prosthetically enhanced soldiers in the novel, all of whom are men, have been described as an example of the "hyper-masculinity" brought on by the proximity of these men to technology.[97] The story portrays the Arachnids as so alien that the only response to them can be war. Feminist scholars have described this reaction as a "conventionally masculinist" one.[98] Steffen Hantke has described the mechanized suits in the novel, which make the wearer resemble a "steel gorilla," as defining masculinity as "something intensely physical, based on animal power, instinct, and aggression". He calls this form of masculinity "all body, so to speak, and no brain".[99] Thus, in Hantke's reading, Starship Troopers expresses fears of how masculinity may be preserved in an environment of high technology.[100] This fear is exacerbated by the motifs of pregnancy and birth that Heinlein uses when describing how the soldiers in suits are dropped from spaceships piloted by women.[101] Though Rico says he finds women "marvelous", he shows no desire for sexual activity; the war seems to have subsumed sex in this respect.[19] A 1979 summary argued that despite the gestures towards women's equality, women in the story were still objects, to be protected, and to fight wars over.[19] Influence A real-life concept of powered armor, an idea popularized by Starship Troopers[102] Heinlein's books, and Starship Troopers in particular, had an enormous impact on political science fiction, to the extent that author Ken MacLeod has stated that "the political strand in [science fiction] can be described as a dialogue with Heinlein," although many participants in this dialogue disagree with Heinlein.[2] Science fiction critic Darko Suvin states that Starship Troopers is the "ancestral text of US science fiction militarism" and that it shaped the debate about the role of the military in society for many years.[20] In addition to his political views, Heinlein's ideas about a futuristic military as depicted in the novel were deeply influential among films, books, and television shows in later years.[22] Roger Beaumont has suggested that Starship Troopers may some day be considered a manual for extraterrestrial warfare.[103] Suvin refers to Juan Rico as the "archetypal Space Soldier".[104] Starship Troopers included concepts in military engineering which have since been widely used in other fiction, and which have occasionally been paralleled by scientific research. The novel has been cited as the source of the idea of powered armor exoskeletons, which Heinlein describes in great detail.[83][105][106][107] Such suits became a staple of military science fiction. Franchises that have employed this technology include Iron Man, Exo Squad, Halo, District 9, Elysium, and Edge of Tomorrow.[21] During the shooting of the science fiction film Aliens, director James Cameron required the actors playing space marines to read Starship Troopers to understand their parts, and also cited it as an influence for the space drop, terms like "bug hunt", and the cargo-loader exoskeleton.[108] Starship Troopers had a direct influence on many later science fiction stories. John Steakley's 1984 novel Armor was, according to the author, born out of frustration with the small amount of actual combat in Starship Troopers and because he wanted this aspect developed further.[109] The "Mobile Suits" from the 1979 Nippon Sunrise anime series Mobile Suit Gundam were inspired by the powered armor from Starship Troopers.[110] The 1988 Gainax OVA series Gunbuster has plot elements similar to Starship Troopers, depicting humanity arrayed against an alien military.[107] Scholars have identified elements of Heinlein's influence in Ender's Game, by Orson Scott Card, as well. Hantke, in particular, compares the battle room in Ender's Game to Heinlein's prosthetic suits, stating that they both regulate but also enhance human agency.[111] Suvin suggests parallels between the plots of the two novels, with human society in both stories at war against insect-like aliens, but states that the story of Ender Wiggin takes a very different direction, as Ender regrets his genocidal actions and dedicates his efforts to protecting his erstwhile targets.[104] Conversely, Joe Haldeman's 1974 anti-war, Hugo- and Nebula-winning science fiction novel The Forever War is popularly thought to be a direct reply to Starship Troopers, and though Haldeman has stated that it is actually a result of his personal experiences in the Vietnam War, he has admitted to being influenced by Starship Troopers.[112][113][114] Haldeman said that he disagreed with Starship Troopers because it "glorifies war", but added that "it's a very well-crafted novel, and I believe Heinlein was honest with it".[112] The Forever War contains several parallels to Starship Troopers, including its setting. Commentators have described it as a reaction to Heinlein's novel, a suggestion Haldeman denies; the two novels are very different in terms of their attitude towards the military. The Forever War does not depict war as a noble pursuit, with the sides clearly defined as good and evil; instead, the novel explores the dehumanizing effect of war, influenced by the real world context of the Vietnam War.[23] Haldeman received a letter from Heinlein, congratulating him on his Nebula Award, which "meant more than the award itself".[115] According to author Spider Robinson, Heinlein approached Haldeman at the awards banquet and said the book "may be the best future war story I've ever read!"[116] Harry Harrison's 1965 novel Bill, the Galactic Hero has also been described as a reaction to Starship Troopers,[6] while Gordon R. Dickson's 1961 novel Naked to the Stars has been called "an obvious rejoinder" to Starship Troopers.[117] Ring of Swords, written by Eleanor Arnason in 1993, also depicts a war between two highly aggressive species, of which humans are one. The story deliberately inverts several aspects of Starship Troopers: the story is told from the point of view of diplomats seeking to prevent war, rather than soldiers fighting it, and the conflict is the result of the two species being extremely similar, rather than different.[118] Adaptations 1997 film Main article: Starship Troopers (film) Further information: Starship Troopers (franchise) The film rights to the novel were licensed in the 1990s, several years after Heinlein's death. The project was originally entitled Bug Hunt at Outpost Nine, and had been in production before the producers bought the rights to Starship Troopers.[119][120][121] The film was directed by Paul Verhoeven (who found the book too boring to finish), and released in 1997.[122] The screenplay, by Ed Neumeier, shared character names and some plot details with the novel.[123] The film contained several elements that differed from the book, including a military that is completely integrated with respect to sex. It had the stated intention of treating its material in an ironic or sarcastic manner, to undermine the political ideology of the novel.[17][124] The mechanized suits that featured prominently in the novel were absent from the film, due to budget constraints.[99] The film used fascist imagery throughout, including portraying the Terran Federation's personnel wearing uniforms strongly reminiscent of those worn by the SS, the Nazi paramilitary.[125] Verhoeven stated in 1997 that the first scene of the film – an advertisement for the Mobile Infantry – was adapted shot-for-shot from a scene in Leni Riefenstahl's Triumph of the Will (1935), specifically an outdoor rally for the Reichsarbeitsdienst. Other references to Nazism include the Albert Speer-style architecture and the propagandistic dialogue ("Violence is the supreme authority!").[126] According to Verhoeven, the references to Nazism reflected his own experience in the Nazi-occupied Netherlands during World War II.[24][127] The film reignited the debate over the nature of the Terran society in Heinlein's world, and several critics accused Verhoeven of creating a fascist universe. Others, and Verhoeven himself, have stated that the film was intended to be ironic, and to critique fascism.[77][128] The film has also been described as criticizing the jingoism of US foreign policy, the military industrial complex, and the society in the film, which elevates violence over sensitivity.[129] It received several negative critical reviews, reviewers suggesting that it was unsophisticated and targeted a juvenile audience, although some scholars and critics have also supported its description as satirical.[21][24][124][129] The absence of the powered armor technology drew criticism from fans.[21][99] The success of the film's endeavor to critique the ideology of the novel has been disputed.[24] Four sequels, Starship Troopers 2: Hero of the Federation (2004),[130] Starship Troopers 3: Marauder (2008),[131] Starship Troopers: Invasion (2012)[132] and Starship Troopers: Traitor of Mars (2017) were released as straight-to-DVD films. In December 2011, Neal H. Moritz, producer of films such as the Fast & Furious series and I Am Legend, announced plans for a remake of the film that he claims will be more faithful to the source material.[133] In 2016 Mark Swift and Damian Shannon were reported to be writing the film.[134][needs update] Animated series Main article: Roughnecks: Starship Troopers Chronicles An animated TV series was also released based both on the novel and 1997 film called Roughnecks: Starship Troopers Chronicles, it follows the exploits of the Mobile Infantry squad, "Razak's Roughnecks", during the SICON–Bugs War between a newly united humanity and an extraterrestrial race, known as the "Bugs," also sometimes referred to as Arachnids. The show focuses mainly on the Roughnecks' missions, rather than addressing the larger war. Paul Verhoeven served as an executive producer.[135] The show ran for one season from August 1999 to April 2000. Other media From October to December 1988, Sunrise and Bandai Visual produced a six-episode Japanese original video animation locally titled Uchū no Senshi with mobile infantry power armor designs by Kazutaka Miyatake, based on Starship Troopers.[136] Dark Horse Comics, Mongoose Publishing and Markosia hold the license to produce comic books based on Starship Troopers, written by authors including Warren Ellis, Gordon Rennie and Tony Lee.[137][138] Avalon Hill published Robert Heinlein's Starship Troopers in 1976, a map-and-counter board wargame featuring a number of scenarios as written in the novel.[139] In 1998, Mythic Entertainment released Starship Troopers: Battlespace. The web-based interactive game, in which players battled each other in overhead space combat, allowed players to assume either Klendathu or Federation roles, was developed alongside the film adaptation.[24][140] Starship Troopers: The Miniatures Game was released by Mongoose Publishing in 2005, a miniature wargame which used material from the novel, film, and animated TV series.[141] Spectre Media released Starship Troopers: Invasion Mobile Infantry, a game for PCs, in 2012.[142] Offworld Industries developed and published the 2023 game Starship Troopers: Extermination, a cooperative multiplayer first-person shooter available for PC.[143]

Six great Asian river systems have their origins in the Tibetan glacial region: the Brahmaputra, the Irrawaddy, the Salween, the Mekong, the Red and the Yangtse ('BISMRY'). Together they comprise the largest concentration of fresh water on the planet outside of the polar regions, and they support one third of humanity. In the age of imperialism, Western colonial powers dreamed of harnessing the economic potential of these great rivers, as if an ‘empire of men' challenged a much older ‘empire of rivers'. This is the theme of Iftekhar Iqbal's conceptually ambitious new book, The Range of the River: A Riverine History of Empire across China, India, and Southeast Asia, just published by Stanford University Press this year. This neo-Braudellian history of Asia's great rivers encourages us to re-examine our thinking about the impact of imperialism, historical agency, Cold War regional categories of ‘South Asia', ‘Southeast Asia', and ‘East Asia', into which the study of Asian history is usually divided, and even the humble mule, which played a crucial role in connecting this mountainous, watery region. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Six great Asian river systems have their origins in the Tibetan glacial region: the Brahmaputra, the Irrawaddy, the Salween, the Mekong, the Red and the Yangtse ('BISMRY'). Together they comprise the largest concentration of fresh water on the planet outside of the polar regions, and they support one third of humanity. In the age of imperialism, Western colonial powers dreamed of harnessing the economic potential of these great rivers, as if an ‘empire of men' challenged a much older ‘empire of rivers'. This is the theme of Iftekhar Iqbal's conceptually ambitious new book, The Range of the River: A Riverine History of Empire across China, India, and Southeast Asia, just published by Stanford University Press this year. This neo-Braudellian history of Asia's great rivers encourages us to re-examine our thinking about the impact of imperialism, historical agency, Cold War regional categories of ‘South Asia', ‘Southeast Asia', and ‘East Asia', into which the study of Asian history is usually divided, and even the humble mule, which played a crucial role in connecting this mountainous, watery region. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

1952 MONTE BELLO ISLANDS WAAging Triad Demands Urgent ModernizationPeter Huessy reflects on Cold War civil defense drills and stresses the urgent necessity of modernizing America's aging nuclear triad. The U.S. military currently operates 42-year-old submarines, 55-year-old Minuteman III ICBMs, and 70-year-old B-52 bombers that risk rusting into obsolescence without modernization. Huessy details historical arms control pacts, noting how exiting the 1972 ABM Treaty allowed the U.S. to build defensive interceptor systems against emerging missile threats from states like North Korea. Facing nuclear build-ups and aggressive posturing from Russia, China, and North Korea, the U.S. relies on extended nuclear deterrence and allied cooperation to maintain strategic stability. (3)

Subscribe now to skip the ads and get all of our episodes. Danny and Derek welcome Simon Ball, professor of international history and politics at the University of Leeds, to the show for a discussion about the history of political assassination in the modern era. They talk about the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, political killing as a tool of statecraft, assassination and British imperial rule, its use by Western powers during World War II, the CIA and Cold War assassination programs, the JFK assassination and its surrounding conspiracies, the investigations of the 1970s and Gerald Ford's ban on the practice, the rise of counter-assassination security, and the strategic limits of assassination. Be sure to grab a copy of Simon's book Death to Order: A Modern History of Assassination. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Getting bonding for government construction contracts is the single barrier that quietly locks small businesses out of the work they've already won, and in this episode Karen Barbour of The Barbour Group pulls back the curtain on how surety bonds actually work. With 40 years in the industry, Karen breaks down the SBA Bond Guarantee program, why an unused bank line can unlock capacity most contractors never knew existed, and how the wrong bonding agent who doesn't understand federal procurement can put your contract at risk. Eric Coffie and Karen dig into the real mechanics of getting bonded, growing your capacity, and protecting yourself before you ever sign a contract. In this episode you'll learn: - How the SBA Bond Guarantee program can turn a $100,000 unused bank line of credit into $2 million in bonding capacity, even with no working capital or equity - Why your spouse may have to sign an indemnity agreement, how surety bonds differ from insurance, and what a buy-sell agreement protects you from - Who actually needs bonding (construction, building trades, utility contractors) and who doesn't (IT, A&E, service firms), plus the two-times-largest-job rule for growing capacity - How a bonding agent who didn't understand federal procurement nearly got a contractor reported for fraud over a California licensing myth - Why the 8(a) bona fide office requirement, WMATA's capped payment bonds, and set-aside program changes are hurting small business, and how Karen changed the FAR to fix it EPISODE CHAPTERS: 0:00 - Bonding capacity secret most contractors never hear 1:22 - Indemnity agreements explained and why spouses sign 4:38 - Bonding agency versus bonding company defined 5:33 - How Karen entered surety from Cold War studies 9:06 - The 1987 hotel meeting that changed everything 13:54 - Advocacy, injustice, and fighting for minority contractors 16:00 - Common bonding questions every contractor should ask 18:52 - Who needs bonding and when to apply 20:48 - Starting her own agency with 20 dollars 25:10 - The 8(a) bona fide office requirement problem 29:20 - SBA bond program turns bank lines into capacity 35:00 - Bonding agents who don't know federal procurement 40:34 - Reviewing proposals, fraud, and parting wisdom Mindy gives you the federal opportunities, agency signals, recompete intel, and pursuit briefs that tell you not just what contracts exist, but which ones to chase and how to win them. Sign up for free Daily Alerts and get opportunities delivered to your inbox before the day starts.

Welcome to The Georgia Politics Podcast! In Part 17 of our mini-series on events that happened 50 years ago in 1976, we recount the death of Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong and examine the political upheaval that followed. Mao died on Sept. 9, 1976, bringing an end to nearly three decades of his leadership over the People's Republic of China. We explore Mao's rise to power, his legacy, the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution, and the uncertainty that followed his death. We also examine the power struggle within the Chinese Communist Party, the emergence of new leadership and the implications of Mao's death for China, the United States and the broader Cold War. Connect with The Georgia Politics Podcast, HERE. Hans Appen on Twitter @hansappen Craig Kidd on Twitter @CraigKidd1 Lyndsey Coates on Instagram @list_with_lyndsey Proud member of the Appen Podcast Network. #gapol

__________________________Truth. Reason. Common Sense.The Next Generation in Conservative Talk RadioThe Voice of Reason with Andy HooserFind the Podcast of the show on any of your favorite podcast sites!www.HooserReason.comEmbrace your True American Spirit with Red State Spirits at www.RedStateSpirits.com.Join America's largest grassroots organization with www.AmericansforProsperity.org.Diversity your retirement portfolio with gold and precious metals at www.HooserMetals.com and our friends at Revelation Gold GroupTake your health back into your hands with Holistic health remedies at www.HooserHealth.com. Get your SHOW SWAG today with our friends at Jim Eagle Outfitters. Find the link at www.HooserReason.com The Voice of Reason is a nationally syndicated talk radio show based out of Wichita, KS. Find more online at HooserReason.com. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Many Americans have a constant dread of impending doom. Glued to the screens of our computers and smartphones, we sense that some total catastrophe is just around the corner. But what if our anxiety stems from an event that's already completely destroyed an old world? What if the real cataclysm was the introduction of those computers and smartphones, and our current political, cultural, and social crisis is just our way of merely dealing with the fallout?So argues the political theorist James Poulos, who is my guest in Episode 7 of Season 6 on Madison's Notes. Having earned his PhD in government at Georgetown University, he was a founding editor of The American Mind, Return, and Frontier, where he is currently editorial director. The author of The Art of Being Free (2017), Human, Forever (2021), I Know This Sounds Crazy (2024), and an upcoming book called, Golden Age Problems, he recently wrote a Palladium Magazine essay called, “The Dostoevskian Moment,” which we use along with Human, Forever to discuss the digital technology crisis.Along the way we discuss media theorists like Marshall McLuhan and Jean Beaudrillard, the American political tradition, post-Cold-War civilizational states, cryptocurrency and AI, digital sovereignty, the modern camps fighting over technology among effective altruists, vitalists, gnostics and post-humanists, conversions to Eastern Orthodoxy, the Pink Police State, why Mars colonies are safer for humanity than Lunar ones, and the genius of David Lynch.Hosted by Ryan Shinkel, Madison's Notes is the podcast of Princeton University's James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions. The transcript for this interview is available on the JMP substack page, “Madison's Footnotes. Please share and enjoy. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Many Americans have a constant dread of impending doom. Glued to the screens of our computers and smartphones, we sense that some total catastrophe is just around the corner. But what if our anxiety stems from an event that's already completely destroyed an old world? What if the real cataclysm was the introduction of those computers and smartphones, and our current political, cultural, and social crisis is just our way of merely dealing with the fallout?So argues the political theorist James Poulos, who is my guest in Episode 7 of Season 6 on Madison's Notes. Having earned his PhD in government at Georgetown University, he was a founding editor of The American Mind, Return, and Frontier, where he is currently editorial director. The author of The Art of Being Free (2017), Human, Forever (2021), I Know This Sounds Crazy (2024), and an upcoming book called, Golden Age Problems, he recently wrote a Palladium Magazine essay called, “The Dostoevskian Moment,” which we use along with Human, Forever to discuss the digital technology crisis.Along the way we discuss media theorists like Marshall McLuhan and Jean Beaudrillard, the American political tradition, post-Cold-War civilizational states, cryptocurrency and AI, digital sovereignty, the modern camps fighting over technology among effective altruists, vitalists, gnostics and post-humanists, conversions to Eastern Orthodoxy, the Pink Police State, why Mars colonies are safer for humanity than Lunar ones, and the genius of David Lynch.Hosted by Ryan Shinkel, Madison's Notes is the podcast of Princeton University's James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions. The transcript for this interview is available on the JMP substack page, “Madison's Footnotes. Please share and enjoy. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Many Americans have a constant dread of impending doom. Glued to the screens of our computers and smartphones, we sense that some total catastrophe is just around the corner. But what if our anxiety stems from an event that's already completely destroyed an old world? What if the real cataclysm was the introduction of those computers and smartphones, and our current political, cultural, and social crisis is just our way of merely dealing with the fallout?So argues the political theorist James Poulos, who is my guest in Episode 7 of Season 6 on Madison's Notes. Having earned his PhD in government at Georgetown University, he was a founding editor of The American Mind, Return, and Frontier, where he is currently editorial director. The author of The Art of Being Free (2017), Human, Forever (2021), I Know This Sounds Crazy (2024), and an upcoming book called, Golden Age Problems, he recently wrote a Palladium Magazine essay called, “The Dostoevskian Moment,” which we use along with Human, Forever to discuss the digital technology crisis.Along the way we discuss media theorists like Marshall McLuhan and Jean Beaudrillard, the American political tradition, post-Cold-War civilizational states, cryptocurrency and AI, digital sovereignty, the modern camps fighting over technology among effective altruists, vitalists, gnostics and post-humanists, conversions to Eastern Orthodoxy, the Pink Police State, why Mars colonies are safer for humanity than Lunar ones, and the genius of David Lynch.Hosted by Ryan Shinkel, Madison's Notes is the podcast of Princeton University's James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions. The transcript for this interview is available on the JMP substack page, “Madison's Footnotes. Please share and enjoy. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

On March 16, 1967, all ten Minuteman missile sites assigned to Echo Flight near Malmstrom Air Force Base lost strategic alert within an estimated 10 to 40 seconds. The missiles were not launched, destroyed, or detonated. But a documented Cold War failure had taken an entire flight off alert almost at once.Captain Eric Carlson and First Lieutenant Walter Figel were on duty when paired No-Go indications appeared across the flight. Air Force, Ogden, Boeing, and Autonetics investigators examined power systems, guidance data, and shared logic pathways. The sites returned to alert without replacement equipment at the launch facilities, pointing toward a transient common-mode event rather than ten independent permanent failures.The official 1967 history said UFO rumors around Echo had been disproven. Decades later, Figel said a guard had reported a large round object near a launch facility. Robert Salas separately described an alleged Oscar Flight incident involving guards, a reported object, and missile faults. The available record does not establish Oscar as a second verified ten-missile shutdown.A 2025 report that Pentagon investigators identified a classified EMP test as an explanation offers a serious conventional lead. But the public material in this record does not include the dated, site-specific documentation needed to close the causal chain.What is established is narrow and consequential: ten Echo sites lost strategic alert together, recovered without launch-facility equipment replacement, and left investigators without an identified initiating field source.This podcast uses artificial intelligence in its research, writing, production, and narration. Episodes are editorially reviewed before publication.#TheConspiracyFilesWithPaigeCarter #DocumentedColdWarMilitaryIncidentAndDisputedUfoC #MalmstromAirForceBase #EchoFlight #OscarFlightYES OR NO: Does the available evidence identify what caused Echo Flight's ten-site No-Go event???????????

Many Americans have a constant dread of impending doom. Glued to the screens of our computers and smartphones, we sense that some total catastrophe is just around the corner. But what if our anxiety stems from an event that's already completely destroyed an old world? What if the real cataclysm was the introduction of those computers and smartphones, and our current political, cultural, and social crisis is just our way of merely dealing with the fallout?So argues the political theorist James Poulos, who is my guest in Episode 7 of Season 6 on Madison's Notes. Having earned his PhD in government at Georgetown University, he was a founding editor of The American Mind, Return, and Frontier, where he is currently editorial director. The author of The Art of Being Free (2017), Human, Forever (2021), I Know This Sounds Crazy (2024), and an upcoming book called, Golden Age Problems, he recently wrote a Palladium Magazine essay called, “The Dostoevskian Moment,” which we use along with Human, Forever to discuss the digital technology crisis.Along the way we discuss media theorists like Marshall McLuhan and Jean Beaudrillard, the American political tradition, post-Cold-War civilizational states, cryptocurrency and AI, digital sovereignty, the modern camps fighting over technology among effective altruists, vitalists, gnostics and post-humanists, conversions to Eastern Orthodoxy, the Pink Police State, why Mars colonies are safer for humanity than Lunar ones, and the genius of David Lynch.Hosted by Ryan Shinkel, Madison's Notes is the podcast of Princeton University's James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions. The transcript for this interview is available on the JMP substack page, “Madison's Footnotes. Please share and enjoy. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

It was preparation for an invasion that might never come, and never did. Across Cold War Europe, stay-behind networks were established on the premise that Soviet forces might successfully invade and occupy sovereign territory. These clandestine organizations consisted of carefully vetted soldiers, intelligence officers, and everyday citizens tasked with remaining behind enemy lines to gather intelligence, conduct sabotage, and support resistance movements if their country were overrun. In neutral Sweden, the prime minister secretly authorized one such covert network in 1949 to mount guerrilla warfare against a potential Red Army occupation. Guest host Dr. Mark Jacobson speaks with Johan Wennström, author of The Stay Behinds: Sweden's Cold War Guardians, about this long-classified operation. Subscribe to Sasha's Substack, HUMINT, to get more intelligence stories: https://sashaingber.substack.com/ and https://www.youtube.com/@sasha-ingber  For more information about the International Spy Museum, visit: https://www.spymuseum.org/ And if you have feedback or want to hear about a particular topic,  you can reach us by email at spycast@spymuseum.org. This show is brought to you by N2K Networks, Goat Rodeo, and the International Spy Museum in Washington, DC. This episode was produced by Flora Warshaw and the team at Goat Rodeo. At the International Spy Museum, Mike Mincey and Memphis Vaughan III are our video editors. Emily Rens is our graphic designer. Joshua Troemel runs our SPY social media. Amanda Ohlke is our Director of Adult Education and Mira Cohen is the Vice President of Programs. 

Today Razib talks to Kyle Orton. Orton is a freelance researcher, writer, and editor specializing in security and foreign policy, with a particular focus on the Middle East, the Syrian war, regional geopolitics, and terrorist movements including the Islamic State (ISIS), Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), and the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). His work also ranges widely across history, including early Christianity, Islam and its relationship with the West, intelligence and espionage, the Reformation, the English Civil War, Tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union, the First World War, Communism and the Cold War, and pre-Revolutionary Iran. Orton writes the newsletter It Can Always Get Worse, where he covers contemporary security issues alongside history, religion, intelligence, books, and occasional film reviews. His writing has appeared in publications including The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, UnHerd, Newsweek, The Independent, The New Arab, and International Business Times. Orton and Razib's conversation begins with his post, The Sojourn of Arculf: An Eyewitness to "Early Islamic" Jerusalem - A Frankish bishop sheds some light on a historical dark age. Their discussion continues with probing the possibility that Islam as we know it truly did not exist any recognizable form before the 690s AD, and that the early "Saracens" as their Christian enemies referred to them were in fact a schismatic group of monotheists whose beliefs were adjacent to that of the Jews. Orton also discusses the role of Muhammad, or rather, the lack of the role of Muhammad, in the early years of the Islamic Caliphate. They also explore the possibility that later commentators largely attributed the negative reputation of Islam's first dynastic Caliphate, the Umayyads, to the reality that they would not recognize them as Muslims. Finally, Orton talks about the reality that some of the layers of text within the Koran seem far older than the time of Muhammad, perhaps by a century or so.  

In the final part of our series on Atomic Horror, we look at the fear of nuclear war and the possibility of what could happen after the bombs stopped falling. During the Cold War, scientists began studying the potential global effects of a large-scale nuclear exchange, including the concept of nuclear winter, in which smoke and soot from widespread fires could block sunlight and cause severe climate changes. We look at the science behind the nuclear winter theory, the 1983 TTAPS study, and the way these ideas influenced public fears about nuclear war. We also examine films including The Day After, Threads, Dr. Strangelove, and other movies that imagined what life might look like before, during, and after a nuclear conflict. From atomic monsters to nuclear apocalypse, this final chapter of Atomic Horror looks at how horror films reflected one of the defining fears of the Cold War. Support the show on Patreon⁠. Follow us on social media @ TheLunaticsProject. Get Lunatics Merch ⁠here⁠. Join the discussion on ⁠Discord⁠. Check out Abby's book ⁠Horror Stories⁠. Available in eBook and paperback. Music by Michaela Papa, Alan Kudan & Jordan Moser. Poster Art by Pilar Keprta @pilar.kep. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What makes a great spy novel? For William Boyd, it is complexity, uncertainty and that irresistible feeling that, as a reader, you are constantly trying to work out who can be trusted. In this SPOILER FREE special Spybrary conversation, Boyd joins Ollie Webb Carter (History Book Club Podcast) to discuss his Gabriel Dax novels and the latest instalment, Cold Sunset. They explore Boyd's lifelong fascination with espionage fiction, the influence of John le Carré, the real history that feeds into his novels, and why the analogue world of Cold War spying remains such fertile ground for a novelist. Along the way, William reveals the remarkable real-life MI6 figure who helped inspire Faith Green, shares his thoughts on the JFK assassination, reflects on the old-boy network that once dominated British intelligence, and explains how a television project that never came to fruition ultimately helped give birth to Gabriel Dax. They also discuss: • Why the best spy novels force the reader to think • Betrayal, false identities and the double and triple bluff • John le Carré and the literary tradition of spy fiction • How Gabriel Dax is gradually becoming a more accomplished spy • The real intelligence officer behind Faith Green • MI6, the CIA and Cold War regime change • Why modern surveillance makes contemporary espionage harder to write • The unexpected origins of the Gabriel Dax series • What could come next for Gabriel A fascinating conversation with one of Britain's most celebrated novelists about spies, history, writing — and the enduring appeal of espionage fiction. Featuring William Boyd in conversation with Ollie Webb Carter for Spybrary.

"We do more damage to ourselves than any alien species could ever do to us. We kick our own asses every day." — Sal AmatoABOUT THIS EPISODESal Amato has spent almost five decades in entertainment — he started as a kid actor in a 1978 Betty Crocker commercial, became one of the youngest members ever at Chicago's Second City, and has film and TV credits including The Untouchables, My Best Friend's Wedding, Chicago Overcoat, and Chicago Fire. On this episode he talks about his debut novel, Hidden Powers Disclosure from Within, a political sci-fi thriller built around the alleged 1954 Eisenhower UFO meeting. Sal traces his fascination with the unexplained back to childhood — Chariots of the Gods, Bedknobs and Broomsticks, Star Wars — but he's quick to say the book isn't really about aliens. It's about tribalism, the algorithms and bots that keep us divided online, and the fact that people do more damage to each other than any outside force ever could. He also opens up about writing and revising the book while his mother was dying, and how his Second City improv training still shapes the way he writes and edits today.KEY TAKEAWAYS1. His debut novel uses a real conspiracy theory as its launchpad. Hidden Powers Disclosure from Within imagines what might actually have been discussed at the alleged 1954 Eisenhower meeting with extraterrestrials — and what it would have meant for a Cold War administration deciding whether, and how, to tell the public.2. The book isn't really about aliens — it's about us. Sal says the story is ultimately about "the damage we do to ourselves," pointing out that in the book, and in life, people cause each other more harm than any outside force ever could.3. He blames the algorithms, not just the people, for our divisions. Sal argues that social platforms are loaded with bots and manufactured engagement built to generate ad revenue, and that this manufactured outrage is what keeps people tribal and unwilling to question their own side.4. His Second City training still shapes how he writes. Sal got into Second City at seventeen (with a fake ID) after working on films like Bad Boys and Doctor Detroit, and he says improv's "power of yes" mindset is exactly how he approaches a first draft — keep the door open, keep building, and only later learn when to stop editing.5. He wrote through his mother's death. Sal's mom passed away on New Year's Eve without getting to read the finished book. He processed the loss by burying himself in work, including finishing the manuscript, and later realized that stepping away and coming back with fresh eyes made the book stronger.6. He beta-tested the book with 70 to 80 friends before finalizing it. Sal asked readers not to hold back, and says the near-universal reaction was surprise that the story isn't really the alien thriller they expected — it's about fanaticism and how hard it is to break free of the "team" you've already picked.CONNECT WITH SALWebsite: salamato.comInstagram: @salinchicagoTwitter/X: @hiddenpowersusaFacebook: @salamato711TikTok: @backinthedayshowYouTube: @hiddenpowersofficialCONNECT WITH YOUR HOSTMike Carlon | Uncorking a StoryWebsite: uncorkingastory.comYouTube: @uncorkingastoryInstagram: @uncorkingastoryFacebook: Uncorking a StoryTikTok: @uncorkingastoryTwitter/X: @uncorkingastorySubscribe & Leave a Review — It helps more readers and writers find the show!Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/uncorking-a-story/id563636205Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5HZiAEtFlhAzk60Z4eAkhYUncorking a Story is produced by Mike Carlon. New episodes drop every Tuesday. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

When an election turns violent and neither side will concede, why is the usual answer to put both sides in the same government?Alex Noyes has spent nearly two decades asking whether that reflex works. Compromised Coalitions: The Paradox of Post-Conflict Power Sharing in Africa out in 2026 from the University of Pennsylvania Press, draws on more than 120 interviews with senior politicians and stakeholders in Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Togo to give an unsettling answer. Power sharing can advance democratic reform, but only when two conditions hold: inclusive politics among the parties, and outside enforcers willing to hold them to the deal. Both are rare. And even where the deal ends the killing, it rewards a losing incumbent with unearned power and sets a precedent.In our conversation, Noyes explains why more than 600 such pacts have been struck since the Cold War, what the neglected Togo case reveals, and why he argues these arrangements should almost never be used after election violence. Against the scholarly consensus, Noyes finds these pacts can deliver real democratic reform, but only under conditions that rarely hold, and always at the cost of a compromised start. The costs outweigh the gains, and policymakers should stop defaulting to the model.Our guest is Alex Noyes, a fellow at the Brookings Institution's Talbott Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology.Our host is Eleonora Mattiacci, an Associate Professor of Political Science at Amherst College. She is the author of "Volatile States in International Politics" (Oxford University Press, 2023). Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

From the dawn of the modern era to the end of the Cold War, global history was defined by rivalries between Great Powers. In the West, this meant the struggle for supremacy in Europe and the Americas, while in the East, it encompassed those vying for control over the successor states to Genghis Khan's empire. Between 1989 and the year 2000, Great Power rivalry temporarily gave way to globalization, with liberal democracy on the march and national chauvinism seemingly in retreat. But events of the past decade have made one thing abundantly clear: The Great Powers are back. In The Return of the Great Powers (Basic Books, 2026), renowned historian Brendan Simms offers a new history of the rise, fall, and return of the Great Powers in our time.  He shows that over the past ten years or so, the major global actors have already resumed making decisions based on geopolitical rather than global economic considerations. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

When an election turns violent and neither side will concede, why is the usual answer to put both sides in the same government?Alex Noyes has spent nearly two decades asking whether that reflex works. Compromised Coalitions: The Paradox of Post-Conflict Power Sharing in Africa out in 2026 from the University of Pennsylvania Press, draws on more than 120 interviews with senior politicians and stakeholders in Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Togo to give an unsettling answer. Power sharing can advance democratic reform, but only when two conditions hold: inclusive politics among the parties, and outside enforcers willing to hold them to the deal. Both are rare. And even where the deal ends the killing, it rewards a losing incumbent with unearned power and sets a precedent.In our conversation, Noyes explains why more than 600 such pacts have been struck since the Cold War, what the neglected Togo case reveals, and why he argues these arrangements should almost never be used after election violence. Against the scholarly consensus, Noyes finds these pacts can deliver real democratic reform, but only under conditions that rarely hold, and always at the cost of a compromised start. The costs outweigh the gains, and policymakers should stop defaulting to the model.Our guest is Alex Noyes, a fellow at the Brookings Institution's Talbott Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology.Our host is Eleonora Mattiacci, an Associate Professor of Political Science at Amherst College. She is the author of "Volatile States in International Politics" (Oxford University Press, 2023). Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Hosts Alexander Scott and Tomás Crowder-Taraborrelli speak with Daniel Gunnar Kressel about his book Hispanic Technocracy: From Fascism to Catholic Authoritarianism in Spain, Argentina, and Chile, 1945–1991 (Cambridge University Press, 2025). Kressel argues that fascism did not simply die in 1945 but mutated, and that across Franco's Spain, Onganía's Argentina, and Pinochet's Chile a distinct post-fascist school of thought became state ideology, fusing Catholic spiritual mission, authoritarian rule, and early neoliberal economics. The conversation begins with Gonzalo Fernández de la Mora lecturing Chileans and Argentines in 1965 on a Spain that had supposedly left ideology behind for pure development, and why "bureaucratic authoritarianism" misses what these regimes were. Kressel traces the Hispanista networks that drew Argentine and Chilean rightists to Franco's Madrid in the 1950s as a third position against both Washington and Moscow; the rise of Opus Dei, whose ministers displaced the Falange, presided over the Spanish "economic miracle," and insisted they were realists without ideology; Onganía's ambition to be a Franco "in the most literal way"; and the ideological roots of Pinochet's terror and the subsidiary state that followed it. They close with the authoritarian nostalgia of Vox, José Antonio Kast, and Javier Milei, the corporatist model that never existed outside the regimes' own propaganda, and why Spain, Argentina, and Chile's democratic transitions came from the street, not from the technocrats. Daniel Gunnar Kressel is a Koch History Centre Fellow at the University of Oxford (Wadham College) and a historian of modern Latin America and Spain whose work examines transnational right-wing ideologies, networks, and identities during the Cold War. He is the author of Hispanic Technocracy (Cambridge University Press, 2025) and José Antonio Primo de Rivera in Latin America: The Pursuit of a Fascist Usable Past during the Cold War (Routledge, 2025). Get the book: Hispanic Technocracy: From Fascism to Catholic Authoritarianism in Spain, Argentina, and Chile, 1945–1991 is available now from Cambridge University Press: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/hispanic-technocracy/2C84722CD535BB901058E4748E10065B] More from Daniel Kressel: José Antonio Primo de Rivera in Latin America (Routledge, 2025) https://www.routledge.com/Jose-Antonio-Primo-de-Rivera-in-Latin-America-The-Pursuit-of-a-Fascist-Usable-Past-during-the-Cold-War-1939-1989/Kressel/p/book/9781032709796 Faculty page at Oxford:  https://www.history.ox.ac.uk/people/dr-daniel-gunnar-kressel] Support Latin American Perspectives Follow on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter/X, TikTok, and Bluesky. Subscribe and rate on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, YouTube, or preferred listening app. Annual print subscriptions start at $74, with discounted rates for students and LASA members.

The bizarre true story of General Tso's chicken — a Cold War refugee chef, a Manhattan rivalry, Henry Kissinger, and a dish its own inventor called "crazy nonsense."

From the dawn of the modern era to the end of the Cold War, global history was defined by rivalries between Great Powers. In the West, this meant the struggle for supremacy in Europe and the Americas, while in the East, it encompassed those vying for control over the successor states to Genghis Khan's empire. Between 1989 and the year 2000, Great Power rivalry temporarily gave way to globalization, with liberal democracy on the march and national chauvinism seemingly in retreat. But events of the past decade have made one thing abundantly clear: The Great Powers are back. In The Return of the Great Powers (Basic Books, 2026), renowned historian Brendan Simms offers a new history of the rise, fall, and return of the Great Powers in our time.  He shows that over the past ten years or so, the major global actors have already resumed making decisions based on geopolitical rather than global economic considerations. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

When an election turns violent and neither side will concede, why is the usual answer to put both sides in the same government?Alex Noyes has spent nearly two decades asking whether that reflex works. Compromised Coalitions: The Paradox of Post-Conflict Power Sharing in Africa out in 2026 from the University of Pennsylvania Press, draws on more than 120 interviews with senior politicians and stakeholders in Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Togo to give an unsettling answer. Power sharing can advance democratic reform, but only when two conditions hold: inclusive politics among the parties, and outside enforcers willing to hold them to the deal. Both are rare. And even where the deal ends the killing, it rewards a losing incumbent with unearned power and sets a precedent.In our conversation, Noyes explains why more than 600 such pacts have been struck since the Cold War, what the neglected Togo case reveals, and why he argues these arrangements should almost never be used after election violence. Against the scholarly consensus, Noyes finds these pacts can deliver real democratic reform, but only under conditions that rarely hold, and always at the cost of a compromised start. The costs outweigh the gains, and policymakers should stop defaulting to the model.Our guest is Alex Noyes, a fellow at the Brookings Institution's Talbott Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology.Our host is Eleonora Mattiacci, an Associate Professor of Political Science at Amherst College. She is the author of "Volatile States in International Politics" (Oxford University Press, 2023). Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

From the dawn of the modern era to the end of the Cold War, global history was defined by rivalries between Great Powers. In the West, this meant the struggle for supremacy in Europe and the Americas, while in the East, it encompassed those vying for control over the successor states to Genghis Khan's empire. Between 1989 and the year 2000, Great Power rivalry temporarily gave way to globalization, with liberal democracy on the march and national chauvinism seemingly in retreat. But events of the past decade have made one thing abundantly clear: The Great Powers are back. In The Return of the Great Powers (Basic Books, 2026), renowned historian Brendan Simms offers a new history of the rise, fall, and return of the Great Powers in our time.  He shows that over the past ten years or so, the major global actors have already resumed making decisions based on geopolitical rather than global economic considerations. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

When an election turns violent and neither side will concede, why is the usual answer to put both sides in the same government?Alex Noyes has spent nearly two decades asking whether that reflex works. Compromised Coalitions: The Paradox of Post-Conflict Power Sharing in Africa out in 2026 from the University of Pennsylvania Press, draws on more than 120 interviews with senior politicians and stakeholders in Kenya, Zimbabwe, and Togo to give an unsettling answer. Power sharing can advance democratic reform, but only when two conditions hold: inclusive politics among the parties, and outside enforcers willing to hold them to the deal. Both are rare. And even where the deal ends the killing, it rewards a losing incumbent with unearned power and sets a precedent.In our conversation, Noyes explains why more than 600 such pacts have been struck since the Cold War, what the neglected Togo case reveals, and why he argues these arrangements should almost never be used after election violence. Against the scholarly consensus, Noyes finds these pacts can deliver real democratic reform, but only under conditions that rarely hold, and always at the cost of a compromised start. The costs outweigh the gains, and policymakers should stop defaulting to the model.Our guest is Alex Noyes, a fellow at the Brookings Institution's Talbott Center for Security, Strategy, and Technology.Our host is Eleonora Mattiacci, an Associate Professor of Political Science at Amherst College. She is the author of "Volatile States in International Politics" (Oxford University Press, 2023). Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

From the dawn of the modern era to the end of the Cold War, global history was defined by rivalries between Great Powers. In the West, this meant the struggle for supremacy in Europe and the Americas, while in the East, it encompassed those vying for control over the successor states to Genghis Khan's empire. Between 1989 and the year 2000, Great Power rivalry temporarily gave way to globalization, with liberal democracy on the march and national chauvinism seemingly in retreat. But events of the past decade have made one thing abundantly clear: The Great Powers are back. In The Return of the Great Powers (Basic Books, 2026), renowned historian Brendan Simms offers a new history of the rise, fall, and return of the Great Powers in our time.  He shows that over the past ten years or so, the major global actors have already resumed making decisions based on geopolitical rather than global economic considerations. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The worries in China over AI are not the same as the worries in the US, but both countries agree they want to win the AI race for themselves. This episode was produced by Peter Balonon-Rosen, edited by Jolie Myers, fact-checked by Gabriel Dunatov, engineered by David Tatasciore and Bridger Dunnagan, and hosted by Sean Rameswaram. Chinese President Xi Jinping looks to U.S. President Donald Trump as they descend the grand staircase before a state dinner in the White House on September 24, 2026. Photo by Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images. Listen to Today, Explained ad-free by becoming a Vox Member: vox.com/members. New Vox members get $20 off their membership right now. Transcript at ⁠⁠vox.com/today-explained-podcast⁠.⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices

P.M. Edition for Sept. 28. The FAA's delay, over a software glitch that could pose a potential safety risk, sent Boeing stock sliding. Plus, top researchers from some of the biggest names in artificial intelligence published a report today asking policymakers to oversee self-improving AI systems. It's the latest turn in the conversation over AI safety—which, as Journal tech policy reporter Amrith Ramkumar tells us, is also going on in the White House. Nvidia is launching the largest-ever U.S. stock buyback. And WSJ reporter Evan Gershkovich, who was arrested in Russia in 2023 and spent more than a year imprisoned there, reflects with editor in chief Emma Tucker on how his experience has changed him on the eve of the release of his new book. Alex Ossola hosts. Sign up for the WSJ's free What's News newsletter. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

A.M. Edition for Sept. 28. OpenAI models target a U.N. website in the latest incident of autonomous agents gone rogue. Plus, British authorities arrest five men over an alleged plot to attack a U.S. air base. And an Iran stalemate sends oil prices and bond yields surging - we look at how some of the world's best bond investors see the treasury selloff. Daniel Bach hosts. Sign up for the WSJ's free What's News newsletter. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

This week Justin talks with Tom Pecora. Tom spent 24 years as a security officer with the Central Intelligence Agency. He served in hotspots all over the world, including Somalia, Iraq, the Philippines, and Pakistan. Tom was the chief of security for CIA operations in Iraq in 2004 and 2005, and later the deputy chief of security for the Counterterrorism Center. He's been awarded the Intelligence Star and the Career Intelligence Medal. He's here to discuss his career with CIA, which he wrote about in his book. Connect with Tom: LinkedIn: Thomas Pecora, SAS-MP Check out the book, Guardian: Life in the Crosshairs of the CIA's War on Terror, here. https://a.co/d/01FzYWf7 Connect with Spycraft 101: Get Justin's latest book, Murder, Intrigue, and Conspiracy: Stories from the Cold War and Beyond, here. spycraft101.com IG: @spycraft101 Shop: shop.spycraft101.com Substack: spycraft101.substack.com Patreon: Spycraft 101 Find Justin's first book, Spyshots: Volume One, here. Check out Justin's second book, Covert Arms, here. Download the free eBook, The Clandestine Operative's Sidearm of Choice, here. Kruschiki The best surplus military goods delivered right to your door. Use code SPYCRAFT101 for 10% off! https://kruschiki.com/ Clandestine Laboratories Your new favorite fragrance is here. https://www.clandestinelaboratories.com/fragrances Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

New Season starting this coming Monday, October 6th! During the break, the 15-Minute History team will be republishing some of your favorite episodes. This episode originally aired on December 9, 2024.---The benefits of hindsight let us examine faults in national policy through the lens of what followed. But in the midst of a global threat of nuclear war, the United States chose to support vicious dictators in the name of anti-communism. Were they right or wrong? Did it save humanity from death in atomic fire? Was this a good idea or a bad idea?

Matthew Campbell is an editor at Bloomberg Businessweek who spent a decade reporting out of Europe before relocating to Singapore, filing from more than twenty-five countries on crime, corruption, terrorism, economics, public health and the environment along the way. He co-broke the investigation into how Goldman Sachs made hundreds of millions of dollars on bond deals with Muammar Gaddafi's Libya while the country lost over a billion, dug into South Africa's Gupta "state capture" scandal, investigated the still-unsolved murder of Canadian pharmaceutical billionaire Barry Sherman, and exposed massive undisclosed methane emissions leaking out of Central Asia's oil and gas fields. He's a seven-time Loeb finalist with honors from the National Press Club, SOPA and SABEW. His new book, The Man Who Stole the Gods, follows the decades-long, industrial-scale looting of ancient Khmer treasures out of Cambodia, and the British art dealer at the centre of it all, Douglas Latchford, who spent fifty years selling stolen antiquities to the world's biggest museums and private collectors on forged provenance nobody bothered to check. We follow the story from Latchford's arrival in 1950s Bangkok, through the horror of the Khmer Rouge and the thirty-year civil war that followed, into the private homes of American billionaires, the boardroom of the Met and even the Jeffrey Epstein files.Link To 'The Man Who Stole the Gods'Link To 'Curious Worldview Substack'Leave a review on Apple or Spotify (nothing does more to help grow the show)It's an enormous pleasure to have spoken with Matt, we discussed...How the story landed on his radar — a stray 2019 headline about a British art dealer indicted for fraud, the detail that he was also the principal financial sponsor of bodybuilding in Southeast Asia, and the COVID delay before he was confident, from his first day reporting in Phnom Penh, that there was a book in itMeeting Brad Gordon, the American lawyer hired by the US Department of Justice who ended up working for the Cambodian government instead — and why Matt built the book around the people chasing the statues rather than the man who stole themWhether the book might push other nations to take looting more seriously, from the century-long fight over the Elgin Marbles to looting still happening today in Iraq, Syria, Sudan and UkraineThe closest historical analogue to Cambodia's scale of loss — Nazi-looted art — and why the Khmer Rouge were "sui generis," even among history's worst regimesLife under Pol Pot: "to keep you is no profit, to destroy you is no loss" — and a regime so absolute it abolished money itself, something not even Stalin or Mao attemptedWhy the Khmer Rouge's brand of communism was so viciously effective and yet, within four years, collapsed like "a house of cards" — at a cost of two million livesDouglas Latchford's arrival in 1950s Bangkok, the CIA-adjacent expat demimonde built around Cold War espionage, and his mentor Jim Thompson — the "Thai Silk King" who vanished without a trace on a walk in Malaysia in 1967The Khmer Empire itself: Angkor at its 12th–13th century peak housing something like 750,000 people against London's 30,000–40,000 — and how little historical record survives because looters don't take notesToek Tik — "Lion" — the Khmer Rouge child soldier turned reluctant executioner turned escapee turned the most prolific looter in Cambodia, and how Brad Gordon spent over a decade coaxing his memories into evidence that kept matching the groundHow Latchford faked provenance — a forged letter from "Ian Donaldson," a man who conveniently died in 2001 but kept "signing" documents into the 2010s — and why almost nobody who saw the paperwork actually believed itWhy Americans developed a taste for Southeast Asian art in the 1960s (the Beatles and the Maharishi, the Hare Krishna movement founded on the Lower East Side) and how that fed straight into 1980s Wall Street fortunesThomas Hoving, the Met director who invented the blockbuster exhibition and corporate sponsorship as we know them — and the Met's refusal to sit for an interview or meaningfully engage with the bookTracing the loot today — an anonymous Architectural Digest spread, and how Jeffrey Epstein's email archive surfaced financier Leon Black's roughly $30 million in Cambodian purchasesArt as a money-laundering vehicle: Latchford's Jersey trusts, the push to finally bring art dealers under the Bank Secrecy Act, and Oliver Bullough's estimate that up to 70% of the secondhand watch trade may be laundering in disguiseWhether large-scale looting still happens — Cambodia's temples are effectively "cleaned out," but Sudan's National Museum lost more than 60% of its collection when the RSF took Khartoum in 2023Closing questions: which empty ancient civilisation he'd walk through if he could (Cambodia, then Mexico) — and the role serendipity has played in every story he's ever chasedCurious Worldview (catalogue connections to this ep)The blurbs made flesh — Matt name-checks both journalists who blurbed his book in conversation: Oliver Bullough, on his new book Everybody Loves Our Dollars and the eye-watering share of the secondhand watch and handbag trade that's really laundering, and Zeke Faux, whose Number Go Up mapped the same "value is whatever somebody says it is" logic onto crypto.The most important crime in the world — Matt's line that no significant criminal enterprise works without laundering its proceeds sits right alongside Nathan Lynch on why Australia became a laundering haven almost by accident.The exploited periphery — the scam compounds in Cambodia and Myanmar that come up near the end are Matt Friedman's exact territory, and Toek Tik — paid a pittance to dig up gods worth millions abroad — is a museum-world version of the same economy.The lone crusader — Brad Gordon spending over a decade, likely the rest of his life, chasing looted statues with no real system built to do it, echoes Bill Browder turning Sergei Magnitsky's death into a one-man campaign.Timestamps... 00:00 — Intro 02:04 — How the story found him 04:42 — Could this book push other nations to take looting seriously? 07:21 — Nazi-looted art as the closest analogue; why the Khmer Rouge were unique 08:45 — "To keep you is no profit, to destroy you is no loss" 13:29 — Latchford's Bangkok arrival and Jim Thompson's 1967 disappearance 17:45 — The Khmer Empire at its peak 24:58 — Toek Tik's story 29:47 — Faking provenance: the dead man's letter 34:20 — Why Americans fell for Southeast Asian art in the 60s 35:49 — Thomas Hoving's Met, and its refusal to engage 41:37 — Tracing the loot: the magazine spread and the Epstein archive 43:13 — Art as money laundering 47:18 — Does the looting continue? 49:45 — Closing questions

Did the CIA arrange—or help promote—the marriage of an American citizen as part of a Cold War intelligence operation?In The CIA's Secret Marriage: The Strange Case of Angela Boyer & Petros Moutsos, Dr. Tim Mounce of All Things Unexplained follows a remarkable trail buried in declassified CIA records, FBI files, JFK assassination records, and forgotten newspaper archives.At the center of the story is Angela Boyer, a young American woman drawn into the Communist underground, and Petros Moutsos, the Greek sailor she fell in love with and married. But Petros had a secret Angela may never have known: he was providing intelligence to the CIA while operating inside the communist-linked Greek maritime organization OENO.Then comes the line in the CIA's own records that changes everything: Petros's marriage to Boyer “was promoted in order to improve his position in OENO.”What exactly does promoted mean?Did the CIA simply exploit a real relationship after it began—or did American intelligence actually help engineer a marriage involving an unsuspecting U.S. citizen?What follows is a Cold War mystery involving secret intelligence operations, FBI surveillance, Communism, Cuba, deportation, clandestine meetings, JFK-era intrigue, and a paper trail that ultimately leads into the JFK assassination records.After President John F. Kennedy was assassinated, Angela appears again in the historical record. And then, almost as mysteriously as this story begins, the trail goes cold.Was Angela Boyer unknowingly living inside a CIA operation? And what ultimately happened to Angela and Petros Moutsos?This documentary examines what the surviving records actually say—and the disturbing questions they leave unanswered.

How did the party of Reagan come to be so favorable to Russia? The easy answer comes down to just Trump, but it is rooted in a much older tradition that was counting down the years until the end of Cold War consensus to assert itself. It is a story of anti-liberalism, anti-modernity, and, often, antisemitism.TwitterAnthony: @BartawayUkraine Without Hype: @HypeUkraineOther Social Media⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://youtube.com/@UkraineWithoutHype⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://instagram.com/ukrainewithouthype/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Patreon⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.patreon.com/UkraineWithoutHype⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Resources and Charities⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://linktr.ee/ukrainewithouthype

Deep in Russia's Ural Mountains lies a secret nuclear bunker, guarded by a gate that has never been seen before. Until now.A Sunday Times joint investigation has revealed that the Cold War-era bunker, long thought to be dormant, is being revamped as President Putin seeks to arm the country against potential nuclear attack. So what does this mean for the West?This podcast was brought to you thanks to the support of readers of The Times and The Sunday Times. Subscribe today: http://thetimes.com/thestoryGuest: John Mooney, investigations editor in Ireland, The Sunday Times.Host: Luke Jones.Producer: Micaela Arneson.We want to hear from you - email: thestory@thetimes.comRead more: Revealed: Putin is preparing a base for doomsday nuclear strikesFurther listening: The descent into madness under PutinThis podcast was brought to you thanks to subscribers of The Times and The Sunday Times. To enjoy unlimited digital access to all our journalism subscribe here. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

While Lauryn is deep behind enemy lines (i.e. quite sick), Nicholas is busy organizing things back home in Mother Base, while trying not to bore all the new recruits with lectures on Maoism vs. Marxism-Leninism. In this rare solocast, he'll dive into Metal Gear's Cold War revisionism, discuss the effects that a more technologically constrained platform in the PSP has on gameplay mechanics, and wrap things up with a more philosophical interrogation of what "Outer Heaven" means as an ideology, even if Big Boss claims it isn't one. Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/furidashi Lauryn: https://bsky.app/profile/espressocat.bsky.social Nicholas: https://bsky.app/profile/academicality.bsky.social

1949Cold War Fear Reshapes AmericaNick Bunker, author of In the Shadow of Fear: America and the World in 1950, Part One: Bunker covers post-WWIIgeopolitical anxiety, domestic political friction, and foreign policy challenges facing President Harry Truman between late 1949 and early 1950. He analyzes the economic recession, budget battles, and the Communist victory in China. The narrative examines key figures like Secretary of State Dean Acheson, Defense Secretary Louis Johnson, and Senator Robert Taft, setting the stage for Stalin and Mao's Moscow negotiations and rising anti-communist political crusades in Washington. (1)

1947Escalating Fear And Korean ConflictNick Bunker, Part Two: Bunker details the dramatic escalation of Cold War tensions leading up to the June 1950 Korean War outbreak. The discussion highlights the perjury sentencing of Alger Hiss, Joe McCarthy's aggressive anti-communist speech campaign, and Stalin's secret authorization of Kim Il Sung's invasion plan. Bunker also explores the drafting of NSC-68, domestic labor strikes, and Margaret Chase Smith's brave Senate speech, illustrating an era completely defined by fear, paranoia, and sudden conflict. (2)

A dominant win over the Cardinals pushed the Seahawks to 2-0 on the year and 12 straight victories dating back to last season. Jaxon Smith-Njigba's 82-yard touchdown headlines the offensive breakdown, but it's the offensive line's complete performance up front that gets the real credit, right alongside a competition brewing at right guard. Looking ahead to this weekend, we run through Washington's growing injury list and wonder if the Seahawks will avoid the strength of this Commanders defense to start the game on Sunday. We remind everyone what Sam Darnold did against the Commanders. But will he realistically be ready to go in time? The back half of the show turns to a story in this week's headlines that has Mike Macdonald recounting a blackmail attempt from Broncos Head Coach Sean Payton. But did the journalist who brought the story to light do so ethically? We close things out with our weekly Do Better and Better At Life picks, plus shoutouts to the Flock. Join our Sea Hawkers Podcast Pickem League - free prizes for weekly winners. Support the show Get in the Flock! Visit GetInTheFlock.com Or visit our website for other ways to support the show Subscribe via: Apple Podcasts | Spotify | Google Podcasts | YouTube | TuneIn | RSS Follow us on: Facebook | Twitter Listen on our free app for Android, iOS, Kindle or Windows Phone/PC Call or text: 253-235-9041 Find Sea Hawkers clubs around the world at SeaHawkers.org Music from the show by The 12 Train, download each track at ReverbNation