Podcasts about am j epidemiol

The Grains & Legumes Nutrition Council's Whole Grain Week is coming soon (next week!). We're bringing you Elissa Price, PhD Candidate at the University of New South Wales to discuss her research findings on ultra-processed foods (UPF) and whole grains. We cover: What is food processing? Why are foods processed? Is it always bad? What is an UPF? The latest evidence on UPFs and healthRegardless of how whole grains are processed, what does the research tell us about whole grains and health? Can UPFs be part of a healthy diet? Elissa's three key takeaways on UPFs and whole grainsOne-liners you don't want to miss:“They categorise foods based on the level of processing and that UPF is that more extreme group of processing. They define an UPF based on the nature, extent and purpose of the food processing and are identified foods that have gone through more extensive processing.”“Higher ultra-processed food intake and worse health outcomes. Some of those being obesity, cancer, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, irritable bowel syndrome, depression and all-cause mortality. There is a lot of research happening in this space and a lot of links being made.”References Whole-grain health benefits Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet, 2019. 393(10184): p. 1958-1972.UPF health associations Taneri, P.E., et al., Association Between Ultra-Processed Food İntake and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Epidemiol, 2022.Martínez Steele, E., et al., Dietary share of ultra-processed foods and metabolic syndrome in the US adult population. Preventive Medicine, 2019. 125: p. 40-48.Lane, M.M., et al., Higher Ultra-Processed Food Consumption Is Associated with Greater High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Concentration in Adults: Cross-Sectional Results from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Nutrients, 2022. 14(16): p. 3309.Beslay, M., et al., Ultra-processed food intake in association with BMI change and risk of overweight and obesity: A prospective analysis of the French NutriNet-Santé cohort. PLOS Medicine, 2020. 17(8): p. e1003256.Nova UPF subgroup associations Mendoza, K., et al., Ultra-processed foods and cardiovascular disease: analysis of three large US prospective cohorts and a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. The Lancet Regional Health – Americas, 2024. 37.Chen, Z., et al., Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Three Large Prospective U.S. Cohort Studies. Diabetes Care, 2023. 46(7): p. 1335-1344.Cordova, R., et al., Consumption of ultra-processed foods and risk of multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases: a multinational cohort study. The Lancet Regional Health – Europe.Nova UPF whole-grain exclusion Price, E.J., et al., Excluding whole grain-containing foods from the Nova ultraprocessed food category: a cross-sectional analysis of the impact on associations with cardiometabolic risk measures. Am J Clin Nutr, 2024.Nova and ADG discordance Nguyen, H., et al., Extent of alignment between the Australian Dietary Guidelines and the NOVA classification system across the Australian packaged food supply. Nutr Diet, 2024.

What does the body of evidence say about smoking cessation? Does counselling make a difference and, if so, what kind? Is vaping effective as a way to quit smoking? And did you know there are drugs that have been shown to help give up the habit? Chris attempts to pronounce their names and is left with one question: is his veranda clean?   Become a supporter of our show today either on Patreon or through PayPal! Thank you! http://www.patreon.com/thebodyofevidence/ https://www.paypal.com/donate?hosted_button_id=9QZET78JZWCZE   Email us your questions at thebodyofevidence@gmail.com.   Assistant researcher: Aigul Zaripova, MD Theme music: “Fall of the Ocean Queen“ by Joseph Hackl Rod of Asclepius designed by Kamil J. Przybos Chris' book, Does Coffee Cause Cancer?: https://ecwpress.com/products/does-coffee-cause-cancer   Obviously, Chris is not your doctor (probably). This podcast is not medical advice for you; it is what we call information.   References: Reducing vs. quitting smoking 1) Gerber Y, Myers V, Goldbourt U. Smoking reduction at midlife and lifetime mortality risk in men: a prospective cohort study. Am J Epidemiol. 2012 May 15;175(10):1006-12. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwr466. Epub 2012 Feb 3. PMID: 22306566. 2) Nina S. Godtfredsen, Claus Holst, Eva Prescott, Jørgen Vestbo, Merete Osler, Smoking Reduction, Smoking Cessation, and Mortality: A 16-year Follow-up of 19,732 Men and Women from the Copenhagen Centre for Prospective Population Studies, American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 156, Issue 11, 1 December 2002, Pages 994–1001, https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwf150   Behavioural interventions for smoking cessation 3) Cahill K, Lancaster T, Green N. Stage-based interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Nov 10;(11):CD004492. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004492.pub4. PMID: 21069681. 4) Stead LF, Koilpillai P, Fanshawe TR, Lancaster T. Combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Mar 24;3(3):CD008286. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008286.pub3. PMID: 27009521; PMCID: PMC10042551. 5) Hartmann-Boyce J, Hong B, Livingstone-Banks J, Wheat H, Fanshawe TR. Additional behavioural support as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jun 5;6(6):CD009670. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009670.pub4. PMID: 31166007; PMCID: PMC6549450. 6) Hartmann-Boyce J, Livingstone-Banks J, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Fanshawe TR, Lindson N, Freeman SC, Sutton AJ, Theodoulou A, Aveyard P. Behavioural interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jan 4;1(1):CD013229. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013229.pub2. PMID: 33411338; PMCID: PMC11354481. 7) Anthenelli RM, Benowitz NL, West R, St Aubin L, McRae T, Lawrence D, Ascher J, Russ C, Krishen A, Evins AE. Neuropsychiatric safety and efficacy of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch in smokers with and without psychiatric disorders (EAGLES): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lancet. 2016 Jun 18;387(10037):2507-20. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30272-0. Epub 2016 Apr 22. PMID: 27116918.   Network meta-analysis of medications and e-cigarettes 8) Lindson N, Theodoulou A, Ordóñez-Mena JM, Fanshawe TR, Sutton AJ, Livingstone-Banks J, Hajizadeh A, Zhu S, Aveyard P, Freeman SC, Agrawal S, Hartmann-Boyce J. Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2023, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD015226. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD015226.pub2. Accessed 04 November 2024.  

In this episode we are joined by Professor Robert Platt of McGill University to talk about study efficiency and the ways we can think about this in terms of study design. We talk about hierarchies of evidence and its relationship to things like target validity. We get into why we think case control studies are so often misunderstood, particularly with respect to missing that they should be nested within a cohort.  We talked about the varying definitions of efficient (variance, efficiency of confounding control, cost efficient, etc.) and how they relate to different study designs, and we disagreed about which definition is the most useful. And we talk about sampling and how it affects study efficiency and also what question we are asking. The paper that Rob reads over and over is: Kurth T, Walker AM, Glynn RJ, Chan KA, Gaziano JM, Berger K, Robins JM. Results of multivariable logistic regression, propensity matching, propensity adjustment, and propensity-based weighting under conditions of nonuniform effect. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;163:262-70. We also referenced: Westreich D, Edwards JK, Lesko CR, Cole SR, Stuart EA. Target Validity and the Hierarchy of Study Designs. Am J Epidemiol. 2019;188:438-443. Kramer MS, Guo T, Platt RW, Shapiro S, Collet JP, Chalmers B, Hodnett E, Sevkovskaya Z, Dzikovich I, Vanilovich I; PROBIT Study Group. Breastfeeding and infant growth: biology or bias? Pediatrics. 2002;110(2 Pt 1):343-7.

Did you know that one simple change in your kitchen could transform your health? In today's episode, Miles Hassell, MD, explores the extensive health benefits of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Drawing on three lines of evidence, he makes a compelling case for making EVOO your primary kitchen fat. A few takeaways from Miles Hassell, MD: Studies have shown that EVOO supports gut health. A healthy gut can contribute to improved digestion, a stronger immune system, and even better mental health. Regular consumption of EVOO has been associated with a lower incidence of dementia. This connection underscores the importance of incorporating EVOO into your diet as part of a proactive approach to brain health. Research indicates that higher consumption of olive oil is linked to a lower incidence of certain cancers. The powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of EVOO play a significant role in reducing cancer risk. One of the most well-documented benefits of EVOO is its ability to lower the risk of heart disease. Unlike other vegetable oils, EVOO has been consistently shown to promote cardiovascular health.   Miles Hassell, MD emphasizes that EVOO is not just a cooking ingredient but a therapeutic tool. Its unique composition of monounsaturated fats, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory compounds makes it a powerhouse for health promotion.  While other vegetable oils lack the same level of evidence for health benefits, EVOO stands out for its protective effects. When compared to other oils, EVOO consistently comes out on top.  Making the switch to EVOO can be a simple yet powerful change to improve your overall health. So next time you're cooking, reach for the EVOO and enjoy both its flavor and its multitude of health benefits.   Join the cause! Support the podcast and be a champion of a future episode by donating here: https://greatmed.org/donate/ For more information and references head to: https://greatmed.org   Purchase Good Food Great Medicine    Twitter (X): https://x.com/greatmedorg Instagram: @mileshassellmd Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/people/GreatMedorg/61554645308577/ Substack: https://substack.com/@greatmed YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@greatmedicine email: info@greatmed.org   References for Today's Episode: Markellos C, Ourailidou ME, Gavriatopoulou M, Halvatsiotis P, Sergentanis TN, Psaltopoulou T. Olive oil intake and cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2022 Jan 11;17(1):e0261649. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261649. PMID: 35015763; PMCID: PMC8751986. Millman JF, Okamoto S, Teruya T, Uema T, Ikematsu S, Shimabukuro M, Masuzaki H. Extra-virgin olive oil and the gut-brain axis: influence on gut microbiota, mucosal immunity, and cardiometabolic and cognitive health. Nutr Rev. 2021 Nov 10;79(12):1362-1374. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa148. PMID: 33576418; PMCID: PMC8581649. Guasch-Ferré M, Hruby A, Salas-Salvadó J, Martínez-González MA, Sun Q, Willett WC, Hu FB. Olive oil consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in US women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Aug;102(2):479-86. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.112029. Epub 2015 Jul 8. PMID: 26156740; PMCID: PMC4515873 Valls-Pedret C, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Medina-Remón A, Quintana M, Corella D, Pintó X, Martínez-González MÁ, Estruch R, Ros E. Polyphenol-rich foods in the Mediterranean diet are associated with better cognitive function in elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;29(4):773-82. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2012-111799. PMID: 22349682. Moreno-Luna R, Muñoz-Hernandez R, Miranda ML, Costa AF, Jimenez-Jimenez L, Vallejo-Vaz AJ, Muriana FJ, Villar J, Stiefel P. Olive oil polyphenols decrease blood pressure and improve endothelial function in young women with mild hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2012 Dec;25(12):1299-304. doi: 10.1038/ajh.2012.128. Epub 2012 Aug 23. PMID: 22914255. Cougnard-Grégoire A, Merle BM, Korobelnik JF, Rougier MB, Delyfer MN, Le Goff M, Samieri C, Dartigues JF, Delcourt C. Olive Oil Consumption and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Alienor Study. PLoS One. 2016 Jul 28;11(7):e0160240. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160240. PMID: 27467382; PMCID: PMC4965131. Kien CL, Bunn JY, Tompkins CL, Dumas JA, Crain KI, Ebenstein DB, Koves TR, Muoio DM. Substituting dietary monounsaturated fat for saturated fat is associated with increased daily physical activity and resting energy expenditure and with changes in mood. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Apr;97(4):689-97. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.051730. Epub 2013 Feb 27. Erratum in: Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Aug;98(2):511. PMID: 23446891; PMCID: PMC3607650. Guasch-Ferré M, Liu G, Li Y, Sampson L, Manson JE, Salas-Salvadó J, Martínez-González MA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Sun Q, Hu FB. Olive Oil Consumption and Cardiovascular Risk in U.S. Adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Apr 21;75(15):1729-1739. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.02.036. Epub 2020 Mar 5. PMID: 32147453; PMCID: PMC7233327. Ferrara LA, Raimondi AS, d'Episcopo L, Guida L, Dello Russo A, Marotta T. Olive oil and reduced need for antihypertensive medications. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Mar 27;160(6):837-42. doi: 10.1001/archinte.160.6.837. PMID: 10737284. Priore P, Cavallo A, Gnoni A, Damiano F, Gnoni GV, Siculella L. Modulation of hepatic lipid metabolism by olive oil and its phenols in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. IUBMB Life. 2015 Jan;67(1):9-17. doi: 10.1002/iub.1340. Epub 2015 Jan 28. PMID: 25631376. Gutiérrez-Repiso C, Soriguer F, Rojo-Martínez G, García-Fuentes E, Valdés S, Goday A, Calle-Pascual A, López-Alba A, Castell C, Menéndez E, Bordiú E, Delgado E, Ortega E, Pascual-Manich G, Urrutia I, Mora-Peces I, Vendrell J, Vázquez JA, Franch J, Girbés J, Castaño L, Serrano-Ríos M, Martínez-Larrad MT, Catalá M, Carmena R, Gomis R, Casamitjana R, Gaztambide S. Variable patterns of obesity and cardiometabolic phenotypes and their association with lifestyle factors in the Di@bet.es study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2014 Sep;24(9):947-55. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.04.019. Epub 2014 Jun 9. PMID: 24984822. Ramsden CE, Zamora D, Leelarthaepin B, Majchrzak-Hong SF, Faurot KR, Suchindran CM, Ringel A, Davis JM, Hibbeln JR. Use of dietary linoleic acid for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and death: evaluation of recovered data from the Sydney Diet Heart Study and updated meta-analysis. BMJ. 2013 Feb 4;346:e8707. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e8707. Erratum in: BMJ. 2013;346:f903. PMID: 23386268; PMCID: Juul F, Vaidean G, Lin Y, Deierlein AL, Parekh N. Ultra-Processed Foods and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the Framingham Offspring Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Mar 30;77(12):1520-1531. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.01.047. PMID: 33766258. Schnabel L, Kesse-Guyot E, Allès B, Touvier M, Srour B, Hercberg S, Buscail C, Julia C. Association Between Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Risk of Mortality Among Middle-aged Adults in France. JAMA Intern Med. 2019 Apr 1;179(4):490-498. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.7289. PMID: 30742202; PMCID: PMC6450295. ​​Lane MM, Gamage E, Du S, Ashtree DN, McGuinness AJ, Gauci S, Baker P, Lawrence M, Rebholz CM, Srour B, Touvier M, Jacka FN, O'Neil A, Segasby T, Marx W. Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses. BMJ. 2024 Feb 28;384:e077310. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2023-077310. PMID: 38418082; PMCID: PMC10899807. Alonso-Pedrero L, Ojeda-Rodríguez A, Martínez-González MA, Zalba G, Bes-Rastrollo M, Marti A. Ultra-processed food consumption and the risk of short telomeres in an elderly population of the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020 Jun 1;111(6):1259-1266. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa075. PMID: 32330232. Taneri PE, Wehrli F, Roa-Díaz ZM, Itodo OA, Salvador D, Raeisi-Dehkordi H, Bally L, Minder B, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Laine JE, Bano A, Glisic M, Muka T. Association Between Ultra-Processed Food Intake and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2022 Jun 27;191(7):1323-1335. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwac039. PMID: 35231930.    

Matt and Hailey take a deep dive into Chapter 26 in Modern Epidemiology, 4th Edition, Analysis of Interaction. This episode needs a content warning- it is among the most advanced and conceptually complex topics we have ever covered on SERious Epi. Interaction occurs when the effect of one exposure on outcome depends in some way on the presence or absence of another exposure. Seems like a simple enough concept, right? However, as you'll see in this episode, there are many different layers of complexity to consider related to terminology, scale, and interpretation of interaction analyses.  A note from Matt and Hailey: since this material is very complex, we reached out to Dr. Jay Kaufman for his perspective on the episode before releasing it. He had some very helpful thoughts, and we would like to share them with you (paraphrasing with his permission):  Part of what is confusing about this topic is the terminology differences, with Hailey using terminology (“interaction”) that lines up with that used by VanderWeele, ME4, and the Hernán and Robins textbook chapter and Matt using terminology (“interdependence”) from other articles in the literature, such as Greenland and Poole (1988). When there are joint effects that are exactly multiplicative, or supermultiplicative, you know it's a causal interaction (i.e., synergistic or biologic interaction) because multiplicativity is necessarily super-additive as long as both exposures meet consistency, exchangeability, and positivity assumptions. However, knowing that joint effects are submultiplicative  is not informative about additive interaction or synergism. It is also not possible to make a conclusion about additive interaction when a results section tells you only that in a logistic or Cox regression analysis there is “no significant interaction effect (p

Is it ok to have alcohol if you have kidney stones? What type of alcohol is best? Melanie dives into all of your burning alcohol and kidney stone questions! FREE Class on January 18, 2024: Help! I Have a Kidney Stone...Now What? Can Alcohol Cause Kidney Stones Blog Curhan GC, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Stampfer MJ. Beverage Use and Risk for Kidney Stones in Women. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1998;128(7):534-540. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-128-7-199804010-00003   Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Spiegelman D, Stampfer MJ. Prospective study of beverage use and the risk of kidney stones. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;143(3):240-247. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008734 Submit a question for Melanie to answer on the podcast! Connect with The Kidney Dietitian!  Instagram | Facebook | Pinterest | Facebook Group | Newsletter www.thekidneydietitian.org All information in this podcast is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used in place of advice from a medical professional.  

Zapraszamy do rozmowy z Karolem Krakówko, badaczem kawy i baristą, gdzie tłumaczymy dlaczego kawa jest zdrowa. Obalamy wszystkie mity na temat kawy - wypłukiwanie magnezu, odwodnienie, rakotwórczość kawy rozpuszczalnej, wpływ na nadciśnienie i szkodliwość dla żołądka. Odpowiedzieliśmy na pytanie co zrobić z fusów po kawie oraz czy przez zmiany klimatyczne przestaniemy pić arabikę. Z odcinka dowiesz się także czym jest kawa specialty oraz jaką najlepiej pić. Źródła dla zainteresowanych:Angeloni, G., Guerrini, L., Masella, P., Bellumori, M., Daluiso, S., Parenti, A., & Innocenti, M. (2019). What kind of coffee do you drink? An investigation on effects of eight different extraction methods. Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.), 116, 1327-1335. Leszczynska T, Pisulewski P.M. (2004) Wpływ wybranych składników żywności na aktywność psychofizyczna człowieka, ŻYWNOŚĆ. Nauka. Technologia. Jakość, 2004, 1 (38), 12 - 24 Kunashowisz i wsp: Tabele składu i wartości odżywczej żywności. Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL, Warszawa 2005Janda K, Jakubczyk K, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, et al. Mineral Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Coffee Beverages Depending on the Brewing Method. Foods. 2020;9(2):121. Published 2020 Jan 23. do: 10.3390/foods9020121 Rebello SA, van Dam RM. Coffee consumption and cardiovascular health: getting to the heart of the matter. Cur Cardiol Rep. 2013 Oct; 15(10):403. doi: 10.1007/11886-013-0403-1. PMID: 23990273Jee SH, He J, Appel L, Whelton PK, Suh I, Klag MJ. Coffee consumption and serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Feb 15;153(4):353-62. do: 10.1093/aje/153.4.353. PMID: 11207153. Jane V. Higdon & Balz Frei (2006) Coffee and Health: A Review of Recent Human Research, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 46:2, 101-123, DO: 10.1080/10408390500400009 Gorjanovic S, Komes D, Lalicic Petronijevic J, et al. Antioxidant efficiency of polyphenols from coffee and coffee substitutes-electrochemical versus spectrophotometric approach. J Food Sci Technol 2017;54(8):2324-2331. do: 10.1007/s13197-017-2672-y Jeszka-Skowron, M., Sentkewska, A., Pyrzynska, K. et al, Chlorogenic acids, caffeine content and antioxidant properties of green coffee extracts: influence of green coffee bean preparation. Eur Food Res Technol 242, 1403-1409 (2016)PS jeszcze nie możemy załączyć tutaj obiecanego linka do artykułu Karola, dodamy jak tylko będzie to możliwe :)

In this episode we feature a super expert on all things related to selection bias, Dr. Chanelle Howe. There are a lot of confusing issues related to selection bias: how it's defined, how it relates to collider stratification bias, whether it's a threat to internal or external validity (or both!). Chanelle helps us understand many of the nuances related to selection bias and provides helpful resources for readers interested in learning more about the topic. Is a lack of exchangeability related to confounding bias or selection? How can DAGs help us decipher the difference between confounding bias and selection? Can you have selection bias in a prospective cohort study? Join us to find out the answers to all of these questions and much more! Resources: Hernán MA. Invited Commentary: Selection Bias Without Colliders. Am J Epidemiol. 2017 Jun 1;185(11):1048-1050. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwx077. PMID: 28535177; PMCID: PMC6664806. Lu H, Cole SR, Howe CJ, Westreich D. Toward a Clearer Definition of Selection Bias When Estimating Causal Effects. Epidemiology. 2022 Sep 1;33(5):699-706. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001516. Epub 2022 Jun 6. PMID: 35700187; PMCID: PMC9378569. Howe CJ, Cole SR, Chmiel JS, Muñoz A. Limitation of inverse probability-of-censoring weights in estimating survival in the presence of strong selection bias. Am J Epidemiol. 2011 Mar 1;173(5):569-77. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwq385. Epub 2011 Feb 2. PMID: 21289029; PMCID: PMC3105434.

Olive oil is an important source of health, as mentioned in the Qur'an. It is high in mono-unsaturated fatty acids, which do not contain cholesterol and help keep levels under control. Research has revealed that consuming olive oil lowers LDL and raises antioxidant levels, which helps prevent cell damage. Studies have also shown that olive oil prevents heart and artery disease, as well as breast and prostate cancer. The University of Oxford has also found that olive oil has a protective effect against intestinal cancer. Riccardi, S. Giacco. Olive oil is beneficial for health, particularly for health of bones, the elderly, and babies. It also has a positive effect on rheumatic arthritis and high blood pressure, and can reduce the risk of cancer and strengthen the immune system. It contains vitamins E, A, D and K and minerals which support bone development and mineralisation, and act as anti-oxidants that protect the body from damage, delay aging and support hormones. Olive oil is a natural source similar to mother's milk, and is recommended for mothers and their babies. Olive oil is an excellent health choice, as research has shown it to help reduce insulin resistance and improve glucose control. It also lowers the risk of certain diseases, and is more effective than a low-fat diet for controlling and treating obesity. Scientists suggest that an olive oil-based diet is the ideal nutrition model, as its properties have been praised in the Qur'an. Therefore, including olives and olive oil in one's daily nutrition programme is beneficial for health. Notes. 138. Scientific Encyclopedia, 207. 139. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, April 2002, 56: 114-120. 140. Archives of Internal Medicine 1998; 158: 1181-1187. 141. Keys A, Menotti A, Karvonen MJ, "The diet and 15-year death rate in the Seven Countries Study," Am J Epidemiol 124: 903-915 (1986); Willett WC, "Diet and coronary heart disease," Monographs in Epidemiology and Biostatistics 15: 341-379 (1990); World Health Organization, "Diet, nutrition, and the prevention of chronic diseases," Report of a WHO Study Group. WHO Technical Report Series 797, Geneva 1990. 142. "The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids;" www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12442909&dopt=Abstract 143. Journal of the American Heart Association, September 1999. 144. Archives of Internal Medicine 1998; 158: 41-45. 145. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1999; 70: 1077-1082. 146. Ibid. 147. Diane H. Morris, PhD., RD., "Importance of Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Adults and Infants," A Health and Nutrition Primer, 28-34. 148. Dr. Joseph Mercola, "Infant Formula Fortification Protocol;" www.mercola.com/2000/oct/22/infant_formula.htm 149. Muammer Kayahan, "Saglikli Yasam ve Zeytinyagi," (Healthy Life and Olive Oil) Bilim Teknik, April 1995, 48. 150. Ibid. 151. Ibid. 152. The Olive Tree World; www.olivetree.eat-online.net/framehealth.htm

MedLink Neurology Podcast is delighted to feature selected episodes from BrainWaves, courtesy of James E Siegler MD, its originator and host. BrainWaves is an academic audio podcast whose mission is to educate medical providers through clinical cases and topical reviews in neurology, medicine, and the humanities, and episodes originally aired from 2016 to 2021. Originally released: November 9, 2017 With the ongoing opioid crisis, not only those using opiates are affected. There has been an exponential rise in the incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome--the multiorgan dysfunction experienced by newborns of mothers who are using opioid products and other substances. This week, we discuss the manifestations and ramifications of this disease, with a short commentary on the implications of this global epidemic. Produced by James E Siegler. Music by Little Glass Men, Jason Shaw, and Chris Zabriskie. Voiceover by Erika Mejia. BrainWaves' podcasts and online content are intended for medical education only and should not be used for clinical decision-making. This is no excuse to give your irritable baby opiates in their applesauce. REFERENCES Hagan H, McGough JP, Thiede H, Weiss NS, Hopkins S, Alexander ER. Syringe exchange and risk of infection with hepatitis B and C viruses. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149(3):203-13. PMID 9927214 Hudak ML, Tan RC; Committee On Drugs; Committee On Fetus And Newborn; American Academy of Pediatrics. Neonatal drug withdrawal. Pediatrics 2012;129(2):e540-60. PMID 22291123 Jarlenski M, Barry CL, Gollust S, Graves AJ, Kennedy-Hendricks A, Kozhimannil K. Polysubstance use among us women of reproductive age who use opioids for nonmedical reasons. Am J Public Health 2017;107(8):1308-10. PMID 28640680 Kocherlakota P. Neonatal abstinence syndrome. Pediatrics 2014;134(2):e547-61. PMID 25070299 McQueen K, Murphy-Oikonen J. Neonatal abstinence syndrome. N Engl J Med 2016;375(25):2468-79. PMID 28002715 Vlahov D, Des Jarlais DC, Goosby E, et al. Needle exchange programs for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus infection: epidemiology and policy. Am J Epidemiol 2001;154(12 Suppl):S70-7. PMID 11744532 Wodak A, Cooney A. Do needle syringe programs reduce HIV infection among injecting drug users: a comprehensive review of the international evidence. Subst Use Misuse 2006;41(6-7):777-813. PMID 16809167  We believe that the principles expressed or implied in the podcast remain valid, but certain details may be superseded by evolving knowledge since the episode's original release date.

A new observational study has found that a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet, commonly known as the keto diet, is associated with a twofold increase in the risk of future cardiovascular events. Watch to learn more about the study's findings and what they mean for those considering a keto diet.References:• Iatan I, et al. Featured Clinical Research II. Presented at: American College of Cardiology Scientific Session; March 4-6, 2023; New Orleans.• Gibson AA, Seimon RV, Lee CM, Ayre J, Franklin J, Markovic TP, Caterson ID, Sainsbury A. Do ketogenic diets really suppress appetite? A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Obes Rev. 2015 Jan 1;16(1):64-76.• Bueno NB, de Melo IS, de Oliveira SL, da Rocha Ataide T. Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet v. low-fat diet for long-term weight loss: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr. 2013 Oct;110(7):1178-87.• Sumithran P, Prendergast LA, Delbridge E, Purcell K, Shulkes A, Kriketos A, Proietto J. Ketosis and appetite-mediating nutrients and hormones after weight loss. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013 Jul;67(7):759.• Paoli A, Bianco A, Grimaldi KA, Lodi A, Bosco G. Long term successful weight loss with a combination biphasic ketogenic mediterranean diet and mediterranean diet maintenance protocol. Nutrients. 2013 Dec 18;5(12):5205-17.• Hu T, Mills KT, Yao L, Demanelis K, Eloustaz M, Yancy Jr WS, Kelly TN, He J, Bazzano LA. Effects of low-carbohydrate diets versus low-fat diets on metabolic risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Am J Epidemiol. 2012 Oct 1;176(suppl_7):S44-54.VISIT OUR STOREStore: https://www.selfelements.comFOLLOW USwww.selfprinciple.orgwww. youtube.com/selfprinciplewww.youtube.com/plantbasedkidneyhealthwww.instagram.com/seanhashmimd

The complexity behind recurrent UTI management often leaves both patients and clinicians with questions on the optimal management strategy. Should they be treated as an uncomplicated UTI? Are there special considerations or prevention measures? Are there unforeseen or unknown factors contributing to disease incidence? In this second episode, we take a deep dive into the treatment and management of recurrent UTI and explore the impact that this disease has on patients. Disclaimers: This presentation is sponsored by GSK. The speakers are GSK paid healthcare providers. The content is intended to support disease state education and is considered nonpromotional. The content and views expressed therein do not necessarily reflect the views, policies, or position of Pri-Med. This program is limited to Health Care Professionals (HCPs) only. GSK complies with all state and federal laws including transparent reporting and disclosure of payments and transfers of value to HCPs.   References: Anger J, Lee U, Ackerman AL, et al. Recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women: AUA/CUA/SUFU guideline. J Urol. 2019;202(2):282-289. doi: 10.1097/JU.00000000000002963.  Foxman B, Brown P. Epidemiology of urinary tract infections: transmission and risk factors, incidence, and costs. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2003;17(2):227-241. doi: 10.1016/s0891-5520(03)00005-9 Foxman B, Gillespie B, Koopman J, et al. Risk factors for second urinary tract infection among college women. Am J Epidemiol 2000; 151:1194. Ikäheimo R, Siitonen A, Heiskanen T, et al. Recurrence of urinary tract infection in a primary care setting: analysis of a 1-year follow-up of 179 women. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 22:91. Gupta K, Hooton TM, Naber KG, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: a 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52:e103. Markowitz MA, Wood LN, Raz S, Miller LG, Haake DA, Kim JH. Lack of uniformity among United States recommendations for diagnosis and management of acute, uncomplicated cystitis. Int Urogynecol J. 2019;30(7):1187-1194. doi:10.1007/s00192-018-3750-z. Labcorp Report – Antibiotic Resistance in Bladder Infections (2019). https://www.labcorp.com/organizations/data/insights[1]analysis#InsightAnalytics-Antibiotic. Accessed December 1, 2022. Langford BJ, Brown KA, Diong C, et al. The Benefits and Harms of Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Urinary Tract Infection in Older Adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(3):e782-e791. doi:10.1093/cid/ciab116 Harding C, Mossop H, Homer T, et al. Alternative to prophylactic antibiotics for the treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections in women: multicentre, open label, randomised, non-inferiority trial. BMJ. 2022;376:e068229. Published 2022 Mar 9. doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-0068229

MedLink Neurology Podcast is delighted to feature selected episodes from BrainWaves, courtesy of James E Siegler MD, its originator and host. BrainWaves is an academic audio podcast whose mission is to educate medical providers through clinical cases and topical reviews in neurology, medicine, and the humanities, and episodes originally aired from 2016 to 2021. Originally released: July 11, 2019 In this week's Teaching through Clinical Cases, Dr. Olga Rosenveld Thon (Drexel) walks us through the challenging management decisions that emerge in the care of women with demyelinating disease. Why are women prone to multiple sclerosis? How do pregnancy, breastfeeding, and menopause influence the disease course--and should these events alter the course of their therapy? Produced by James E Siegler and Olga Thon. Music courtesy of Cellophane Sam, Chris Zabriskie, Jon Watts, Kai Engel, and Lee Rosevere. Sound effects by Mike Koenig and Daniel Simion. BrainWaves' podcasts and online content are intended for medical education only and should not be used for clinical decision-making. Be sure to follow us on Twitter @brainwavesaudio for the latest updates to the podcast. DISCLOSURESDr. Rosenveld Thon reports relevant financial interests in Ocrevus, as a consultant. REFERENCESBove R, Chitnis T, Houtchens M. Menopause in multiple sclerosis: therapeutic considerations. J Neurol 2014;261(7):1257-68. PMID 24101131 Bove R, Chitnis T. The role of gender and sex hormones in determining the onset and outcome of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2014;20(5):520-6. PMID 24561324 Bove R. Women's issues in multiple sclerosis. Semin Neurol 2016;36(2):154-62. PMID 27116722 Confavreux C, Hutchinson M, Hours MM, Cortinovis-Tourniaire P, Moreau T. Rate of pregnancy-related relapse in multiple sclerosis. Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis Group. N Engl J Med 1998;339(5):285-91. PMID 9682040 Correale J, Farez MF, Ysrraelit MC. Increase in multiple sclerosis activity after assisted reproduction technology. Ann Neurol 2012;72(5):682-94. PMID 23034952 Michel L, Foucher Y, Vukusic S, et al. Increased risk of multiple sclerosis relapse after in vitro fertilisation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012;83(8):796-802. PMID 22693287 Nielsen NM, Westergaard T, Rostgaard K, et al. Familial risk of multiple sclerosis: a nationwide cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2005;162(8):774-8. PMID 16120694 Ramagopalan SV, Dobson R, Meier UC, Giovannoni G. Multiple sclerosis: risk factors, prodromes, and potential causal pathways. Lancet Neurol 2010;9(7):727-39. PMID 20610348 Rankin K, Bove R. Caring for women with multiple sclerosis across the lifespan. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2018;18(7):36. PMID 29789964  We believe that the principles expressed or implied in the podcast remain valid, but certain details may be superseded by evolving knowledge since the episode's original release date.

I get so many hormone questions! So I needed a podcast to refer people to. I hope I did okay covering the basics and deep diving into some more complicated details. Enjoy! 1. Sex and Menopause 2. Systemic versus Vaginal Hormones 3. Estrogen Doesn't Cause Cancer 4. We gendered hormones and how this hurts women 5. Natural is a weapon waged to keep us in our place 6. Pellets and compounds are to be avoided if better options are available 7. You never need to stop hormones 8. The FDA will not help us (the two cases of Testosterone and Alzheimer's disease). (bonus) I hate the word "balanced" when discussing hormones. Pro tip - people are probably just trying to sell you something. Paganini-Hill A, Henderson VW. Estrogen deficiency and risk of Alzheimer's disease in women. Am J Epidemiol. 1994 Aug 1;140(3):256-61 Did you get the You Are Not Broken Book Yet? https://amzn.to/3p18DfK

Amidst the battle of the mental health crisis, major depressive disorder stands out as an all-too-common reality for many children and adolescents, but the forces of science and medicine can stand against this foe. Dr. Christopher Drescher, a clinical child psychologist, joins pediatric resident Dr. Daniel Allen and medical student Vuk Lacmanovic to remove the cape from this increasingly common condition and discuss its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Specifically, they will: Define major depressive disorder (MDD) and recognize the common symptoms in both children and adolescents. Formulate a differential diagnosis for patients presenting with depressive symptoms. Recognize validated screening tools for depression in both children and adolescents. Review cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy as treatment options. Review appropriate referral to a mental health specialist. Free CME Credit (requires sign-in): https://mcg.cloud-cme.com/course/courseoverview?P=0&EID=12493  References: Bhatia SK, Bhatia SC. Childhood and adolescent depression. Am Fam Physician. 2007 Jan 1;75(1):73-80. PMID: 17225707. Brent DA, Maalouf F. Depressive Disorders (in Childhood and Adolescence). In: Ebert MH, Leckman JF, Petrakis IL. eds. Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Psychiatry, 3e. McGraw-Hill; Accessed November 17, 2020. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2509§ionid=200807606 Clark MS, Jansen KL, Cloy JA. Treatment of childhood and adolescent depression. Am Fam Physician. 2012 Sep 1;86(5):442-8. PMID: 22963063. Fendrich M, Weissman MM, Warner V. Screening for depressive disorder in children and adolescents: validating the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children. Am J Epidemiol. 1990 Mar;131(3):538-51. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115529. PMID: 2301363. (PDF of CES-DC here) Forman-Hoffman V, McClure E, McKeeman J, Wood CT, Middleton JC, Skinner AC, Perrin EM, Viswanathan M. Screening for Major Depressive Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Mar 1;164(5):342-9. doi: 10.7326/M15-2259. Epub 2016 Feb 9. PMID: 26857836. Hathaway EE, Walkup JT, Strawn JR. Antidepressant Treatment Duration in Pediatric Depressive and Anxiety Disorders: How Long is Long Enough? Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2018 Feb;48(2):31-39. doi: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2017.12.002. Epub 2018 Jan 12. PMID: 29337001; PMCID: PMC5828899. March JS, Silva S, Petrycki S, Curry J, Wells K, Fairbank J, Burns B, Domino M, McNulty S, Vitiello B, Severe J. The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS): long-term effectiveness and safety outcomes. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Oct;64(10):1132-43. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.64.10.1132. Erratum in: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008 Jan;65(1):101. PMID: 17909125. Meister R, Abbas M, Antel J, Peters T, Pan Y, Bingel U, Nestoriuc Y, Hebebrand J. Placebo response rates and potential modifiers in double-blind randomized controlled trials of second and newer generation antidepressants for major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2020 Mar;29(3):253-273. doi: 10.1007/s00787-018-1244-7. Epub 2018 Dec 8. PMID: 30535589; PMCID: PMC7056684. Rachel A. Zuckerbrot, Amy Cheung, Peter S. Jensen, Ruth E.K. Stein, Danielle Laraque and GLAD-PC STEERING GROUP. Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in Primary Care (GLAD-PC): Part I. Practice Preparation, Identification, Assessment, and Initial Management. Pediatrics March 2018, 141 (3) e20174081; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-4081 Scott K, Lewis CC, Marti CN. Trajectories of Symptom Change in the Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2019 Mar;58(3):319-328. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.07.908. Epub 2019 Jan 8. PMID: 30768414; PMCID: PMC6557284. Sharma T, Guski LS, Freund N, Gøtzsche PC. Suicidality and aggression during antidepressant treatment: systematic review and meta-analyses based on clinical study reports. BMJ. 2016 Jan 27;352:i65. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i65. PMID: 26819231; PMCID: PMC4729837. Siu AL; US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Depression in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Pediatrics. 2016 Mar;137(3):e20154467. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-4467. Epub 2016 Feb 8. PMID: 26908686. Weersing VR, Brent DA, Rozenman MS, Gonzalez A, Jeffreys M, Dickerson JF, Lynch FL, Porta G, Iyengar S. Brief Behavioral Therapy for Pediatric Anxiety and Depression in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017 Jun 1;74(6):571-578. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0429. PMID: 28423145; PMCID: PMC5539834. Weersing VR, Shamseddeen W, Garber J, Hollon SD, Clarke GN, Beardslee WR, Gladstone TR, Lynch FL, Porta G, Iyengar S, Brent DA. Prevention of Depression in At-Risk Adolescents: Predictors and Moderators of Acute Effects. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016 Mar;55(3):219-26. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.12.015. Epub 2016 Jan 18. PMID: 26903255; PMCID: PMC4783159. Xu Y, Bai SJ, Lan XH, Qin B, Huang T, Xie P. Randomized controlled trials of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor in treating major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of efficacy and acceptability. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2016 May 24;49(6):e4806. doi: 10.1590/1414-431X20164806. PMID: 27240293; PMCID: PMC4897997. Zhou X, Cipriani A, Zhang Y, Cuijpers P, Hetrick SE, Weisz JR, Pu J, Giovane CD, Furukawa TA, Barth J, Coghill D, Leucht S, Yang L, Ravindran AV, Xie P. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of antidepressants, psychological interventions, and their combination for depressive disorder in children and adolescents: protocol for a network meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2017 Aug 11;7(8):e016608. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016608. PMID: 28801423; PMCID: PMC5629731. Zhou X, Teng T, Zhang Y, Del Giovane C, Furukawa TA, Weisz JR, Li X, Cuijpers P, Coghill D, Xiang Y, Hetrick SE, Leucht S, Qin M, Barth J, Ravindran AV, Yang L, Curry J, Fan L, Silva SG, Cipriani A, Xie P. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of antidepressants, psychotherapies, and their combination for acute treatment of children and adolescents with depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Jul;7(7):581-601. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30137-1. PMID: 32563306; PMCID: PMC7303954.

In this episode, Nate and Justin discuss the powerful technique of motivational interviewing to figure out how to help Tina inch closer towards her own goals.Share your reactions and questions with us at  Speak Pipe . We might feature you on a future episode!=== Outline ===1. Introduction2. Chapter 1: Taking a Dietary History3. Chapter 2: Motivational Interviewing4. Conclusion=== Learning Points ===Changes in food habits and eating patterns can mean breaking patterns that have been ingrained over lifetimesFear and shame are not effective motivators, and so should not be used to persuade patients to change behaviors. Instead, emphasize the positive benefits that are present in the short term.Taking a detailed hour-by-hour dietary history can uncover additional opportunities to change eating patterns. Be sure to ask patients how they prepare foods, dress foods with condiments, and so forth.Empowering patients and removing judgment is critical. Motivational interviewing is a technique that frames change in an actionable, self-empowering manner, while uncovering reasons for changing eating patterns that are not solely weight-centered.In addition to achieving weight loss goals, changing nutrition is an opportunity to help patients get excited about other health goals, such as improving their blood pressure or reducing their risk of developing diabetes.=== Our Expert(s) ===Dr. Justin Charles is a graduate of the Yale Primary Care Internal Medicine Residency Program.His clinical interests are in Lifestyle Medicine, the use of evidence-based lifestyle interventions to not only prevent, but treat and reverse chronic disease from a root cause perspective. He has received training in Plant-Based Nutrition through the T. Colin Campbell Center for Nutrition Studies and eCornell, as well as Dr. John McDougall's Starch Solution Certification Course. === References ===Arab L, Tseng CH, Ang A, Jardack P. Validity of a multipass, web-based, 24-hour self-administered recall for assessment of total energy intake in blacks and whites. Am J Epidemiol. 2011 Dec 1;174(11):1256-65. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwr224. Epub 2011 Oct 20. PMID: 22021561; PMCID: PMC3224251.=== Recommended Reading ===Moshfegh, A.J., Rhodes, D.G., Baer, D.J., Murayi, T., Clemens, J.C., Rumpler, W.V., Paul, D.R., Sebastian, R.S., Kuczynski, K.J., Ingwersen, L.A., Staples, R.C., Cleveland, L.E. The US Department of Agriculture Automated Multiple-Pass Method reduces bias in the collection of energy intakes. A J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:324-332Johnston CA, Stevens BE. Motivational Interviewing in the Health Care Setting. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2013;7(4):246-249. doi:10.1177/1559827613485923Hauser ME, McMacken M, Lim A, Shetty P. Nutrition—An Evidence-Based, Practical Approach to Chronic Disease Prevention and Treatment. Fam Pract. 2022;71((1 Suppl Lifestyle)). doi:10.12788/jfp.0292*For more reading recommendations, check out our transcript!=== About Us ===The Primary Care Pearls (PCP) Podcast is created in collaboration with faculty, residents, and students from the Department of Internal Medicine at the Yale School of Medicine. The project aims to create accessible and informative podcasts about core primary care topics centered around real patient stories.Hosts: Nate WoodProducers: Nate Wood, Helen Cai, August AlloccoLogo and name: Eva ZimmermanTheme music and Editing: Josh OnyangoOther background music: Patrick Patrikios, pATCHES, Myuu, VYEN, Reed Mathis, Instagram: @pcpearlsTwitter: @PCarePearlsListen on most podcast platforms: linktr.ee/pcpearls

Taking a minor break from ruffling the f*cking cages and feathers of what we call modern society these days and I wanted to talk about something a bit more conventional but important nevertheless and that is sleep. I have a multitude of studies for you to do your own research as I want to present this topic as clear cut as possible.   Time Stamps:   (0:28) Are You Enjoying the Podcast? (2:30) Going On a Journey With Sleep (6:40) Adverse Effects From Poor Sleep (16:30) Stress and the Blood-Brain Barrier (18:50) Naps ---------------------------- Resources: [i] Pilcher JJ, Walters AS. How sleep deprivation affects psychological variables related to college students' cognitive performance. J Am Coll Health. 1997 Nov;46(3):121-6. View Abstract [ii] Walker MP, et al. Practice with sleep makes perfect: sleep-dependent motor skill learning. Neuron. 2002 Jul 3;35(1):205-11. View Abstract [iii] Rosen IM, et al. Evolution of sleep quantity, sleep deprivation, mood disturbances, empathy, and burnout among interns. Acad Med. 2006 Jan;81(1):82-5. View Abstract [iv] Cohen S, et al. Sleep habits and susceptibility to the common cold. Arch Intern Med. 2009 Jan 12;169(1):62-7. View Full Paper [v] Patel SR, et al. Association between reduced sleep and weight gain in women. Am J Epidemiol. 2006 Nov 15;164(10):947-54. View Full Paper [vi] Donga E, et al. A single night of partial sleep deprivation induces insulin resistance in multiple metabolic pathways in healthy subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jun;95(6):2963-8. View Abstract [vii] Williamson AM, Feyer AM. Moderate sleep deprivation produces impairments in cognitive and motor performance equivalent to legally prescribed levels of alcohol intoxication. Occup Environ Med. 2000 Oct;57(10):649-55. View Full Paper [viii] Kim TW, Jeong JH, Hong SC. The impact of sleep and circadian disturbance on hormones and metabolism. Int J Endocrinol. 2015;2015:591729. View Full Paper [ix] Vgontzas AN, et al. IL-6 and its circadian secretion in humans. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2005;12(3):131-40. View Abstract [x] Meier-Ewert HK, et al. Absence of diurnal variation of C-reactive protein concentrations in healthy human subjects. Clin Chem. 2001 Mar;47(3):426-30. View Full Paper [xi] Meier-Ewert HK, et al. Effect of sleep loss on C-reactive protein, an inflammatory marker of cardiovascular risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004 Feb 18;43(4):678-83. View Abstract [xii] van Leeuwen WM, et al. Sleep restriction increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases by augmenting proinflammatory responses through IL-17 and CRP. PLoS One. 2009;4(2):e4589. View Full Paper [xiii] Chennaoui M, et al. Effect of one night of sleep loss on changes in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in healthy men. Cytokine. 2011 Nov;56(2):318-24. View Abstract [xiv] Vgontzas AN, et al. Chronic insomnia is associated with a shift of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor secretion from nighttime to daytime. Metabolism. 2002 Jul;51(7):887-92. View Abstract [xv] He J, et al. Sleep restriction impairs blood-brain barrier function. J Neurosci. 2014 Oct 29;34(44):14697-706. View Full Paper [xvi] Zlokovic BV. The blood-brain barrier in health and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Neuron. 2008 Jan 24;57(2):178-201. View Abstract [xvii] Hurtado-Alvarado G, et al. Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Induced by Chronic Sleep Loss: Low-Grade Inflammation May Be the Link. J Immunol Res. 2016;2016:4576012. View Full Paper [xviii] Esposito P, et al. Corticotropin-releasing hormone and brain mast cells regulate blood-brain-barrier permeability induced by acute stress. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Dec;303(3):1061-6. View Full Paper [xix] Steiger A. Sleep and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical system. Sleep Med Rev. 2002 Apr;6(2):125-38. View Abstract [xx] Vgontzas AN, et al. Daytime napping after a night of sleep loss decreases sleepiness, improves performance, and causes beneficial changes in cortisol and interleukin-6 secretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jan;292(1):E253-61. View Full Paper ---------------------------- Follow Me on Instagram! @tayloredwellbeing ---------------------------- Click Here to Apply to Work with Me or visit taylorsappington.com/application

Dr. Crowe returns to the EMS Lighthouse Project Podcast from our “vacation” in Mexico to discuss the impact of variations between pulse oximetry and blood gas values across races.   Citation: Sudat SEK, Wesson P, Rhoads KF, et al. Racial Disparities in Pulse Oximeter Device Inaccuracy and Estimated Clinical Impact on COVID-19 Treatment Course. Am J Epidemiol. Published online September 2022:kwac164. doi:10.1093/aje/kwac164 Fawzy A, Wu TD, Wang K, et al. Racial and Ethnic Discrepancy in Pulse Oximetry and Delayed Identification of Treatment Eligibility Among Patients With COVID-19. JAMA Intern Med. 2022;182(7):730. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.1906    See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

In this episode of Season 2 of SERious Epidemiology, Hailey and Matt get into the humble case control study. We discuss the ins and outs of this much maligned study design that has so flummoxed so many in epidemiology. We ask the hard questions about the best way sample in a case control study, whether we spend too much or not enough time on it in our teaching, whether a case control study always has to be nested within some hypothetical cohort, whether the design is inherently more biased than cohort studies (spoiler: no, but…), why some people refer to cases and controls when they are not referring to a case control study, and, if it were on a famous TV show, which character the case control study would be (and more importantly, why Hailey has never seen said TV show). Papers referenced in this episode: Selection of Controls in Case-Control Studies: I. Principles Sholom Wacholder, Joseph K. McLaughlin, Debra T. Silverman, Jack S. Mandel American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 135, Issue 9, 1 May 1992, Pages 1019–1028, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116396 Selection of Controls in Case-Control Studies: II. Types of Controls Sholom Wacholder, Debra T. Silverman, Joseph K. McLaughlin, Jack S. Mandel American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 135, Issue 9, 1 May 1992, Pages 1029–1041, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116397 Selection of controls in case-control studies. III. Design options S Wacholder 1, D T Silverman, J K McLaughlin, J S Mandel Wacholder S, Silverman DT, McLaughlin JK, Mandel JS. Selection of controls in case-control studies. III. Design options. Am J Epidemiol. 1992 May 1;135(9):1042-50. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116398  

In today's episode, we speak with Esther Goldsmith, Sports and Exercise Physiologist at Orreco. Today's conversation focuses on the benefits of tracking the menstrual cycle to optimize athletic performance.Esther primarily works on the science and delivery of our Elite Female Athlete Program and FitrWoman™ and FitrCoach™ applications. She holds an MSc in Applied Sport and Exercise Physiology from St Mary's University, Twickenham, and is a specialist on the female athlete. Prior to joining Orreco, she trained as an elite contemporary dancer, but is now a keen trail runner.  Please note that this podcast is created strictly for educational purposes and should never be used for medical diagnosis and treatment.See you in the next episode!***If you would like to work with Kyla, click here: https://nutritional-revolution.com/about/kyla-channell/To book a free 15 Minute Consultation with any of our practitioners, click here: https://nutritional-revolution.com/coaching/If you're interested in sponsoring Nutritional Revolution Podcast, shoot us an email at nutritionalrev@gmail.com. Try out Factor 75 and get $120 off your first 5 boxes by clicking HERE***Mentioned:Download the Fitrwoman App HEREFitrwoman Website: www.fitrwoman.comOrreco Website: https://www.orreco.com/***References:Perceived symptoms in professional athletes: Findlay RJ, Macrae EHR, Whyte IY, Easton C, Forrest Née Whyte LJ. How the menstrual cycle and menstruation affect sporting performance: experiences and perceptions of elite female rugby players. Br J Sports Med. 2020 Sep;54(18):1108-1113Nutrition & metabolism in the menstrual cycle: Oosthuyse T, Bosch AN. The effect of the menstrual cycle on exercise metabolism: implications for exercise performance in eumenorrhoeic women. Sports Med. 2010 Mar 1;40(3):207-27.Elevated inflammation in phase 4: Gaskins AJ, Wilchesky M, Mumford SL, Whitcomb BW, Browne RW, Wactawski-Wende J, Perkins NJ, Schisterman EF. Endogenous reproductive hormones and C-reactive protein across the menstrual cycle: the BioCycle Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2012 Mar 1;175(5):423-31. Most common menstrual cycle symptoms in STRAVA users: Bruinvels G, Goldsmith E, Blagrove R, Simpkin A, Lewis N, Morton K, Suppiah A, Rogers JP, Ackerman KE, Newell J, Pedlar C. Prevalence and frequency of menstrual cycle symptoms are associated with availability to train and compete: a study of 6812 exercising women recruited using the Strava exercise app. Br J Sports Med. 2021 Apr;55(8):438-443.Mid-luteal phase, temperature, breathing rate & running economy: Goldsmith E, Glaister M. The effect of the menstrual cycle on running economy. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2020 Apr;60(4):610-617. 

In this episode of Season 2 of SERious Epidemiology, Hailey and Matt connect with Dr. Katie Lesko for a discussion on Chapter 5 on measures of association and measures of effect. We confess our challenge with working with person time. We talk about the importance of a well specified time zero. We talk about why epidemiology is complicated by free will. We ponder what the counterfactual model looks like with time to event models. We talk about the challenges of real world data vs idealized studies. We discuss the challenges of interpreting effect measure modification. And we learn that Katie was a rower in college and is concerned that her daughter may never win an Olympic medal in gymnastics. A few papers that are mentioned in the episode: Hernán MA. Invited Commentary: Selection Bias Without Colliders. Am J Epidemiol. 2017 Jun 1;185(11):1048-1050. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwx077. PMID: 28535177; PMCID: PMC6664806. Edwards JK, Cole SR, Westreich D. All your data are always missing: incorporating bias due to measurement error into the potential outcomes framework. Int J Epidemiol. 2015 Aug;44(4):1452-9. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyu272. Epub 2015 Apr 28. PMID: 25921223; PMCID: PMC4723683. Cole SR, Hudgens MG, Brookhart MA, Westreich D. Risk. Am J Epidemiol. 2015 Feb 15;181(4):246-50. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwv001. Epub 2015 Feb 5. PMID: 25660080; PMCID: PMC4325680.

Episode 32:  In this episode, host Angie Gust, talks about the health benefits of seeds. Seeds are the beginning of life. They are high in protein, healthy fats, and fiber as well as minerals and vitamins B1-3 and Vitamin E. She goes over 6 types of seeds that you may want to consider adding to your diet. Turning to the environment, the UN Conference of the Parties 26 (COP26) was Oct 31 to Nov 12.  This was to be a critical meeting to address the climate crisis. The outcome document, called the Glasgow Climate Pact, calls on 197 countries to report their progress towards more climate ambition next year, at COP27, which will be in Egypt.  It also firmed up the global agreement to accelerate action on climate this decade.  While some important agreements were made, it was not the big win that many of us were hoping for. References Ahmad A, Husain A, Mujeeb M, Khan SA, Najmi AK, Siddique NA, Damanhouri ZA, Anwar F. A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013 May;3(5):337-52. doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60075-1. PMID: 23646296; PMCID: PMC3642442. Austria JA, Richard MN, Chahine MN, Edel AL, Malcolmson LJ, Dupasquier CM, Pierce GN. Bioavailability of alpha-linolenic acid in subjects after ingestion of three different forms of flaxseed. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008 Apr;27(2):214-21. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2008.10719693. PMID: 18689552. Bosson, J. K., Johnson, A. B., Niederhoffer, K., & Swann, W. B., Jr. (2006). Interpersonal chemistry through negativity: Bonding by sharing negative attitudes about others. Personal Relationships, 13(2), 135–150. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2006.00109.x Edel AL, Rodriguez-Leyva D, Maddaford TG, Caligiuri SP, Austria JA, Weighell W, Guzman R, Aliani M, Pierce GN. Dietary flaxseed independently lowers circulating cholesterol and lowers it beyond the effects of cholesterol-lowering medications alone in patients with peripheral artery disease. J Nutr. 2015 Apr;145(4):749-57. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.204594. Epub 2015 Feb 18. PMID: 25694068. Healthline. 6 Healthiest Seeds.  https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/6-healthiest-seeds#TOC_TITLE_HDR_8 Heller, C. Oct 14, 2021 Why Prince William Is Calling Out the Billionaire Space Race. https://www.eonline.com/news/1305944/why-prince-william-is-calling-out-the-billionaire-space-race Ho H, Lee AS, Jovanovski E, Jenkins AL, Desouza R, Vuksan V. Effect of whole and ground Salba seeds (Salvia Hispanica L.) on postprandial glycemia in healthy volunteers: a randomized controlled, dose-response trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013 Jul;67(7):786-8. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.103. House JD, Neufeld J, Leson G. Evaluating the quality of protein from hemp seed (Cannabis sativa L.) products through the use of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score method. J Agric Food Chem. 2010 Nov 24;58(22):11801-7. doi: 10.1021/jf102636b. Jiang R, Jacobs DR Jr, Mayer-Davis E, Szklo M, Herrington D, Jenny NS, Kronmal R, Barr RG. Nut and seed consumption and inflammatory markers in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Am J Epidemiol. 2006 Feb 1;163(3):222-31. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwj033.  Nishimura M, Ohkawara T, Sato H, Takeda H, Nishihira J. Pumpkin Seed Oil Extracted From Cucurbita maxima Improves Urinary Disorder in Human Overactive Bladder. J Tradit Complement Med. 2014 Jan;4(1):72-4. doi: 10.4103/2225-4110.124355.  Phillips KM, Ruggio DM, Ashraf-Khorassani M. Phytosterol composition of nuts and seeds commonly consumed in the United States. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Nov 30;53(24):9436-45. doi: 10.1021/jf051505h.  Richmond K, Williams S, Mann J, Brown R, Chisholm A. Markers of cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes are improved by the daily consumption of almonds or sunflower kernels: a feeding study. ISRN Nutr. 2012 Dec 19;2013:626414. doi: 10.5402/2013/626414.  United Nations. UN News. Nov 13, 2021.https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/11/1105792 Vuksan V, Choleva L, Jovanovski E, Jenkins AL, Au-Yeung F, Dias AG, Ho HV, Zurbau A, Duvnjak L. Comparison of flax (Linum usitatissimum) and Salba-chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds on postprandial glycemia and satiety in healthy individuals: a randomized, controlled, crossover study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017 Feb;71(2):234-238. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.148.  Why People Hate: The Science Behind Why We Love to Hate. The Science of People.https://www.scienceofpeople.com/hate/ Zaineddin AK, Buck K, Vrieling A, Heinz J, Flesch-Janys D, Linseisen J, Chang-Claude J. The association between dietary lignans, phytoestrogen-rich foods, and fiber intake and postmenopausal breast cancer risk: a German case-control study. Nutr Cancer. 2012;64(5):652-65. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2012.683227.   

Referências:1.Alizai H, Walter W, Khodarahmi I, Burke CJ. Cartilage Imaging in Osteoarthritis. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2019; 23 (5): 569-78.2.Hunter DJ, Bierma-Zeinstra S. Osteoarthritis. Lancet. 2019; 393 (10182): 1745-59.3.Roemer FW, Crema MD, Trattnig S, Guermazi A. Advances in imaging of osteoarthritis and cartilage. Radiology. 2011; 260 (2): 332-54.4.Mcgonagle D, Tan AL, Grainger AJ, Benjamim M. Heberden's nodes and what Heberden could not see: the pivotal role of ligaments in the pathogenesis of early nodal osteoarthritis and beyond. Rheumatology 2008; 47: 1278–12855.Sophia Fox AJ, Bedi A, Rodeo SA. The basic science of articular cartilage: structure, composition, and function. Sports Health. 2009; 1 (6): 461-8.6.Pathria MN, Chung CB, Resnick DL. Acute and Stress-related Injuries of Bone and Cartilage: Pertinent Anatomy, Basic Biomechanics, and Imaging Perspective. Radiology 2016; 280 (1): 21-38.7.Huber M, Trattnig S, Lintner F. Anatomy, biochemistry, and physiology of articular cartilage. Invest Radiol. 2000; 35 (10): 573-80.8.Heijink A, Gomoll AH, Madry H, Drobnic M, Filardo G, Espregueira-Mendes J et al. Biomechanical Considerations in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis of the Knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2012; 20: 423-4359.Martinez-Moreno D, Jimenez G, Galvez-Martin P, Rus G, Marchal JA. Cartilage biomechanics: A key factor for osteoarthritis regenerative medicine. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2019; 1865 (6): 1067-75.10.Wang X, Hunter DJ, Jin X, Ding C. The importance of synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis: current evidence from imaging assessments and clinical trials. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2018; 26 (2): 165e17411.Haugen IK, Boyesen P. Imaging modalities in hand osteoarthritis – status and perspectives of conventional radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13 (6): 24812.Ridley WE, Xiang H, Han J, Ridley LJ. Gull-wing Deformity: Osteoarthritis. J Med Im Rad Onc 2018; 62 (S1): 141.13.Zhang Y, Niu J, Kelly-Hayes M, Chaisson CE, Aliabadi P, Felson DT. Prevalence of symptomatic hand osteoarthritis and its impact on functional status among the elderly: The Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2002; 156 (11): 1021-7.14.N S. Hand Osteoarthritis — Clinical Presentation, Phenotypes and Management. 2015.15.Tan AL, Grainger AJ, Tanner SF, Shelley DM, Pease C, Emery P, et al. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of hand osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005; 52 (8): 2355-65.16.Mathiessen A, Slatkowsky-Christensen B, Kvien TK, Hammer HB, Haugen IK. Ultrasound-detected inflammation predicts radiographic progression in hand osteoarthritis after 5 years. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016; 75 (5): 825-30.17.Okano T, Mamoto K, Di Carlo M, Salaffi F. Clinical utility and potential of ultrasound in osteoarthritis. Radiol Med. 2019; 124 (11): 1101-11.18.Hammer HB, Iagnocco A, Mathiessen A, Filippucci E, Gandjbakhch F, Kortekaas MC, et al. Global ultrasound assessment of structural lesions in osteoarthritis: a reliability study by the OMERACT ultrasonography group on scoring cartilage and osteophytes in finger joints. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016; 75 (2): 402-7.

SummaryRadon is a radioactive element that accumulates in homes and buildings. It is the second leading cause of lung cancer worldwide. All homes should be tested for radon, and if above actions levels (US - 4 pCi/L), a radon mitigations strategy (getting rid of the radon) should be utilized.   Morbidity and MortalityRadon is often the largest contributor to an individual's background radiation dose and is considered the leading environmental cause of cancer mortality. Worldwide, between 3 and 14% of lung cancers are due to radon in any giving country depending on smoking prevalence and background radon levels. In the United States approximately 21,000 lung cancer deaths are attributed to radon every year.  StoryBefore 1984 radon was only thought to be a risk in uranium mines. That year Stanley Watras, and engineer was starting a job at Limerick nuclear power plant in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. Prior to nuclear fuel being added to the plant, Watras began setting off radiation detectors meant to keep workers safe. Each day he was setting machines off in spite of decontamination. An investigation was undertaken and Watras's home was found to have a huge amount of radiation, 2,700 pCi/L.  The source was determined to be radon. This amount of radon was the equivalent in lung cancer risk to smoking hundreds of packs of cigarettes a day. Watras's family was moved out and the EPA began extensive testing. After this, the risk of radon in the home was recognized. Key Points1. Radon is chemical element 86. It is radioactive and gives off an ionizing alpha particle due to its inherent chemical instability.2. This alpha particle is a helium atom with high energy and speed. If inhaled, ingested, or injected, alpha particles are harmful to human health.3. Radon is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. All homes should be tested for is presence as it cannot be sensed.4. There are several proven methods to reduce the level of radon in the home. As such, lung cancer due to radon inhalation is preventable. References-       Wikipedia – Radon, alpha decay-       Field et al. Residential radon gas exposure and lung cancer: the Iowa Radon Lung Cancer Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2000-       Hill et al. Radon in homes and risk of lung cancer: collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 European case-control studies. BMJ. 2005 Jan 29;330(7485)-       Health Risk of Radon. EPA. https://www.epa.gov/radon/health-risk-radon-       https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-02/documents/2013_consumers_guide_to_radon_reduction.pdf-       Radon and Health. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-02/documents/2013_consumers_guide_to_radon_reduction.pdf-       Rella, Joseph. Ch. 128. Radiation. Goldfrank's Toxicology. 2019. 

In this episode of The Woof Meow Show from Don talks with Roxane Dubay, a Public Health Educator/Tobacco Specialist from Bangor Public Health and Community Services, and Dr. Mark Hanks, a veterinarian from Kindred Spirits Veterinary clinic in Orrington, about second and third-hand smoke, nicotine, vape and e-pens, marijuana and the hazard these products pose to our pets. An article on Don's blog at http://bit.ly/Pets-Nicotine-APR21 provides additional information and links on this topic. Contact Info Roxane Dubay Public Health Educator/Tobacco Specialist Bangor Public Health and Community Services 103 Texas Avenue Bangor, Maine 04401 Office: 207-992-4531 Fax: 207-945-3348 www.BangorPublicHealth.org  roxane.dubay@bangormaine.gov Dr. Mark Hanks Kindred Spirits Veterinary Clinic Location: 857 River Rd, Orrington, ME 04474 Phone: (207) 825-8989 Website: https://www.kindredvet.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/kindredspiritsvet/ Don Hanson & Kate Dutra Green Acres Kennel Shop, ForceFreePets.com & The Woof Meow ShowLocation: 1653 Union St, Bangor, ME 04401-2204 Phone: (207) 945-6841, x103 Email-Email Don Website-Green Acres: https://www.greenacreskennel.com/ Facebook-Green Acres: https://www.facebook.com/GreenAcresKennelShop/ Website-The Woof Meow Show: https://woofmeowshow.libsyn.com/ Facebook-The Woof Meow Show: https://www.facebook.com/WoofMeowShow/ Website-ForceFreePets-https://forcefreepets.com/ Facebook-ForceFreePets-https://www.facebook.com/ForceFreePets Recommended Resources   Articles on Don's Blog ( http://www.words-woofs-meows.com  )   Tobacco Smoke, Vaping, Nicotine, and The Risk They Pose to Our Pets – http://bit.ly/Pets-Nicotine-APR21 Resources Cited References 1Bertone-Johnson ER, Procter-Gray E, Gollenberg AL, et al. Environmental tobacco smoke and canine urinary cotinine level. Environ Res. 2008;106(3):361-4. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17950271. Accessed Nov 11, 2012. 2Reif JS, Bruns C, Lower KS. Cancer of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses and Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Pet Dogs. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 147:488–92. Available at: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/147/5/488.short. Accessed Nov 11, 2012. 3Reif JS, Dunn K, Ogilvie GK et al. Passive smoking and canine lung cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 1992 Feb 1;135(3):234-9. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1546698. Accessed Nov 11, 2012. 4Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Risk of Malignant Lymphoma in Pet Cats; Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156:268–73. Bertone ER, Snyder LA, Moore AS. http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/156/3/268.full 5Matt GE, Quintana PJE, Hovell MF et al.  Households contaminated by environmental tobacco smoke: sources of infant exposures. Tob Control 2004;13:29-3. Available at: http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/13/1/29.short. Accessed Nov 11, 2012. Other Resources Smoking, Vaping, Nicotine & Pets Stop Smoking – For Your Health and Your Pets' Health – AVMA website – https://www.avma.org/public/PetCare/Pages/Stop-smoking-for-your-pets-health.aspx Animal Poison Control Center – https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control US FDA – Be Smoke-free and Help Your Pets Live Longer, Healthier Lives – https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/be-smoke-free-and-help-your-pets-live-longer-healthier-lives E-CIGARETTES AND PETS DO NOT MIX – https://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/uncategorized/e-cigarettes-pets-mix/ CDC – Quick Facts on the Risks of E-cigarettes for Kids, Teens, and Young Adults – https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/Quick-Facts-on-the-Risks-of-E-cigarettes-for-Kids-Teens-and-Young-Adults.html Resources to Help You Quit Smoking or Vaping Bangor Public Health & Community Services – Tobacco, E-Cig, & Vaping Prevention – https://www.bangorpublichealth.org/community/tobacco-ecig-vaping-prevention/ com – https://mainequitlink.com/ org – https://breatheeasymaine.org/ Smoke-Free Homes Pledge – https://breatheeasymaine.org/smoke-free-homes-pledge/ MaineHealth Center for Tobacco Independence website – https://ctimaine.org/ You can listen to The Woof Meow Show on Z62 Retro Radio, AM620, and WKIT HD3 at 9 AM on Saturday. If you are not near a radio, listen on your computer at http://bit.ly/AM620-WZON or your smartphone or tablet with the free WZON 620 AM app. A podcast of the show is typically posted immediately after the show. You can download this show and others at http://bit.ly/WfMwPodcasts, at Don's blog http://bit.ly/Words-Woofs-Meows and the Apple iTunes store.

We're back with a good one! Let's take a look at the side-effects of the contraceptive pill - what you need to know wrapped up into 40ish minutes.This week Sal and Shauna cover:Whether you need to bleed AT ALLWhether there is a link between the pill and depressionIf the pill contributes to accelerated hair lossHow strippers can earn more (no joke).How the pill can impact partner selectionWhat health issues the pill is used to effectively treat.PLUS their own very different experiences on the pillResources:Contraception Quiz:https://www.contraceptionchoices.org/whats-right-for-meSuggested reading:How the Pill Changes Everything: Your Brain on Birth Control - Dr Sarah E hillPeriod Power: Harness Your Hormones and Get Your Cycle Working For You - Maisie HillHow the Pill may shrink the hypothalamus:https://www.livescience.com/birth-control-brain-hypothalamus.htmlOn the Pill altering sexual partner preference:https://www.livescience.com/9744-pill-alter-sex-partner-preferences.htmlSkovlund CW, Morch LS, Kessing LV, Lidegaard O. Association of hormonal contraception with depression. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016;73(11):1154-62.Keyes KM, Cheslack-Postava K, Westhoff C, Heim CM, Haloossim M, Walsh K, et al. Association of hormonal contraceptive use with reduced levels of depressive symptoms: a national study of sexually active women in the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;178(9):1378-88.Toffol E, Heikinheimo O, Koponen P, Luoto R, Partonen T. Hormonal contraception and mental health: results of a population-based study. Hum Reprod. 2011;26(11):3085-93.

En EEUU están más adelantado en temas de estadística de accidentes de tráfico y en investigación en general de la seguridad vial. Después de un episodio pasado en el que comentábamos el tema del airbag en el asiento del copiloto un oyente nos ha solicitado más información sobre el efecto del airbag en niños más mayores, en niños que viajan en sillas de coche de grupo 2/3. Un estudio americano: Olson CM, Cummings P, Rivara FP. Association of first- and second- generation air bags with front occupant death in car crashes: a matched cohort study. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;164(2):161–169 Destaca que para niños de más de 6 años el airbag puede mejorar su seguridad frente a fallecimiento en un 29% si el airbag es de segunda generación. El estudio ya se lo pasamos al oyente para que sea él quien lo lea íntegro, la realidad es que es un estudio antiguo y los coches han evolucionado mucho. Además tenemos que pensar que comparar coches americanos con coches Españoles es un poco disparatado porque no se parecen demasiado. Para un asesoramiento 100% personalizado te esperamos en atencion.cliente@rivekids.es También puedes seguirnos en https://www.rivekids.com/ Instagram RiveKids: https://www.instagram.com/rivekids/ Twitter RiveKids: https://twitter.com/RiveKids Facebook RiveKids: https://es-es.facebook.com/rivekids Linkedin RiveKids: https://es.linkedin.com/company/rivekids “El verdadero viaje es el que termina como comenzó, con felicidad e inocencia” Feliz viaje hasta el próximo programa.

Every year, we spend BILLIONS of dollars on vitamins, mostly without really knowing if we need them, or if they're doing us any good. They are the most commonly used supplement in the world.In this ep we take a look at the current scientific research behind some of the most popular ones, and cover:Whether multivitamins contain the same stuffHow sailors helped us discover vitamins.The scientific evidence for and against taking one-pill for everythingWhether it's more beneficial to take isolated vitamins or one big multi.Can they help you live your healthiest and longest life?What a ‘therapeutic dose' meansWhat the AUST L number is and why you need to look for it on packagingWhich trusted brands Sal will be prescribing as a Clinical Nutritionist in Australia.Reporting non-compliant advertising to the TGA (for Australian Vitamins):https://www.tga.gov.au/advertising-enforcement-and-outcomesThe science:Bailey RL, Fulgoni VL 3rd, Keast DR, Dwyer JT. Examination of vitamin intakes among US adults by dietary supplement use. J Academy Nutrition Dietetics. 2012;112(5):657-663, e4Google ScholarBailey, R. L., Fakhouri, T. H., Park, Y., Dwyer, J. T., Thomas, P. R., Gahche, J. J., Miller, P. E., Dodd, K. W., Sempos, C. T., & Murray, D. M. (2015). Multivitamin-mineral use is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease mortality among women in the United States. The Journal of nutrition, 145(3), 572–578. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.204743Block G, Jensen CD, Norkus EP, et al. Usage patterns, health, and nutritional status of long-term multiple dietary supplement users: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J. 2007;6:3017958896PubMedConner M, Kirk SF, Cade JE, Barrett JH. Why do women use dietary supplements? The use of the theory of planned behaviour to explore beliefs about their use. Soc Sci Med. 2001;52(4):621-63311206658Foote JA, Murphy SP, Wilkens LR, Hankin JH, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN. Factors associated with dietary supplement use among healthy adults of five ethnicities: the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157(10):888-89712746241Harrison RA, Holt D, Pattison DJ, Elton PJ. Are those in need taking dietary supplements? a survey of 21 923 adults. Br J Nutr. 2004;91(4):617-62315035689PubMedMacpherson, H., Silberstein, R., & Pipingas, A. (2012). Neurocognitive effects of multivitamin supplementation on the steady state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) measure of brain activity in elderly women. Physiology & behavior, 107(3), 346–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.08.006Rock CL. Multivitamin-multimineral supplements: who uses them? Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(1):277S-279S17209209PubMedRosenberg IH. Challenges and opportunities in the translation of the science of vitamins. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(1):325S-327S17209220PubMedSesso, H. D., Christen, W. G., Bubes, V., Smith, J. P., MacFadyen, J., Schvartz, M., Manson, J. E., Glynn, R. J., Buring, J. E., & Gaziano, J. M. (2012). Multivitamins in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in men: the Physicians' Health Study II randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 308(17), 1751–1760. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.14805Watkins, M. L., Erickson, J. D., Thun, M. J., Mulinare, J., & Heath, C. W., Jr (2000). Multivitamin use and mortality in a large prospective study. American journal of epidemiology, 152(2), 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/152.2.149https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/1568520?dm_i=13BV,1CD82,875I88,4JUZN,#full-text-tabHave questions / comments? Come stalk us on Social Media!Podcast: @wellnessfactorfictionSal: @thefitfoodieblogShauna: @shaunashauna_

Osteoarthritis of the hands;Whole joint disease;Benjamin concepts' about osteoarthritis;References:1.Alizai H, Walter W, Khodarahmi I, Burke CJ. Cartilage Imaging in Osteoarthritis. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2019;23(5):569-78.2.Hunter DJ, Bierma-Zeinstra S. Osteoarthritis. Lancet. 2019;393(10182):1745-59.3.Roemer FW, Crema MD, Trattnig S, Guermazi A. Advances in imaging of osteoarthritis and cartilage. Radiology. 2011;260(2):332-54.4.Sophia Fox AJ, Bedi A, Rodeo SA. The basic science of articular cartilage: structure, composition, and function. Sports Health. 2009;1(6):461-8.5.Pathria MN, Chung CB, Resnick DL. Acute and Stress-related Injuries of Bone and Cartilage: Pertinent Anatomy, Basic Biomechanics, and Imaging Perspective. Radiology. 2016;280(1):21-38.6.Huber M, Trattnig S, Lintner F. Anatomy, biochemistry, and physiology of articular cartilage. Invest Radiol. 2000;35(10):573-80.7.Martinez-Moreno D, Jimenez G, Galvez-Martin P, Rus G, Marchal JA. Cartilage biomechanics: A key factor for osteoarthritis regenerative medicine. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2019;1865(6):1067-75.8.Amin S, LaValley MP, Guermazi A, Grigoryan M, Hunter DJ, Clancy M, et al. The relationship between cartilage loss on magnetic resonance imaging and radiographic progression in men and women with knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(10):3152-9.9.Braun HJ, Gold GE. Diagnosis of osteoarthritis: imaging. Bone. 2012;51(2):278-88.10.Guermazi A, Burstein D, Conaghan P, Eckstein F, Hellio Le Graverand-Gastineau MP, Keen H, et al. Imaging in osteoarthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2008;34(3):645-87.11.Argentieri EC, Burge AJ, Potter HG. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Articular Cartilage within the Knee. J Knee Surg. 2018;31(2):155-65.12.Zhang Y, Niu J, Kelly-Hayes M, Chaisson CE, Aliabadi P, Felson DT. Prevalence of symptomatic hand osteoarthritis and its impact on functional status among the elderly: The Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156(11):1021-7.13.N S. Hand Osteoarthritis — Clinical Presentation, Phenotypes and Management. 2015.14.Tan AL, Grainger AJ, Tanner SF, Shelley DM, Pease C, Emery P, et al. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of hand osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(8):2355-65.15.Mathiessen A, Slatkowsky-Christensen B, Kvien TK, Hammer HB, Haugen IK. Ultrasound-detected inflammation predicts radiographic progression in hand osteoarthritis after 5 years. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(5):825-30.16.Okano T, Mamoto K, Di Carlo M, Salaffi F. Clinical utility and potential of ultrasound in osteoarthritis. Radiol Med. 2019;124(11):1101-11.17.Hammer HB, Iagnocco A, Mathiessen A, Filippucci E, Gandjbakhch F, Kortekaas MC, et al. Global ultrasound assessment of structural lesions in osteoarthritis: a reliability study by the OMERACT ultrasonography group on scoring cartilage and osteophytes in finger joints. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(2):402-7.18.Benjamin M, McGonagle D. The anatomical basis for disease localisation in seronegative spondyloarthropathy at entheses and related sites. J Anat. 2001;199(Pt 5):503-26.19.McGonagle D, Tan AL, Carey J, Benjamin M. The anatomical basis for a novel classification of osteoarthritis and allied disorders. J Anat. 2010;216(3):279-91.20.McGonagle D, Hermann KG, Tan AL. Differentiation between osteoarthritis and psoriatic arthritis: implications for pathogenesis and treatment in the biologic therapy era. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54(1):29-38.21.Grainger AJ, Farrant JM, O'Connor PJ, Tan AL, Tanner S, Emery P, et al. MR imaging of erosions in interphalangeal joint osteoarthritis: is all osteoarthritis erosive? Skeletal Radiol. 2007;36(8):737-45.

In this video we will take a look at whether or not having a positive attitude can ACTUALLY improve your health and reduce pain. We also take a look at the nature of chronic pain to see if it really is all in your head, and if so what can we DO about it? How can we change our attitudes and beliefs about pain? Does mindset matter for improving our health? REFERENCES: Paper of focus - Hanssen MM, et al. Can positive affect attenuate (persistent) pain? State of the art and clinical implications. Curr Rheumatol Rep (2017) 19: 80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-017-0703-3 1. IASP Task Force on Taxonomy CoCP. Part 3: pain terms, a current list with definitions and notes of usage. In: Merksey H, Bogduk N, editors. Classification of chronic pain. Seattle: IASP Press; 1994. 2. Strigo IA, et al. Association of major depressive disorder with altered functional brain response during anticipation and processing of heat pain. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008 3. van Middendorp H, et al. The effects of anger and sadness on clinical pain reports and experimentally-induced pain thresholds in women with and with-out fibromyalgia. Arthritis Care & Research. 2010 4. Burns JW, et al. Anger arousal and behavioral anger regulation in everyday life among patients with chronic low back pain: relationships to patient pain and function. Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association. 2015 5. Vlaeyen JW, et al. The fear-avoidance model of pain. Pain. 2016. Overview and update of leading biopsychosocial model in the study of (persistent) pain. 6. Zautra AJ, et al. Positive affect as a source of resilience for women in chronic pain. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005. 7. Strand EB, et al. A Positive affect as a factor of resilience in the pain-negative affect relationship in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Psychosom Res. 2006 8. Thong ISK, et al. The buffering role of positive affect on the association between pain intensity and pain related outcomes. Scand J Pain. 2017 9. Roy M, et al. Cerebral and spinal modulation of pain by emotions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 10. Steptoe A, et al. Neuroendocrine and inflammatory factors associated with positive affect in healthy men and women: the Whitehall II study. Am J Epidemiol. 2008 11. Steptoe A, et al. Positive affect and psychobiological processes relevant to health. J Pers. 2009 12. Zautra AJ, et al. Dynamic approaches to emotions and stress in everyday life: Bolger and Zuckerman reloaded with positive as well as negative affects. J Pers. 2005 13. Ong AD, Zautra AJ, Reid MC. Chronic pain and the adaptive significance of positive emotions. Am Psychol. 2015. 14. Garland EL, Fredrickson B, Kring AM, Johnson DP, Meyer PS, Penn DL. Upward spirals of positive emotions counter downward spirals of negativity: insights from the broaden-and-build theory and affective neuroscience on the treatment of emotion dysfunctions and deficits in psychopathology. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010 Music: www.bensound.com IG/FB: @healthorhoax