Podcasts about Fish

The cardinal tetra is one of the most popular pet fish in the world. They look like little red and blue sequins. You've almost certainly seen them at the pet store or the fish tank at your dentist's office. They're everywhere. Not so long ago, most of the world's supply of cardinals came from just one place. It's a little town deep in the rainforests of Brazil, where locals still catch these fish by hand. But the business that this town has relied on for decades has come under threat. Recently, we hopped on a plane to see this unusual economy for ourselves — and, two different visions for how to save it. For more information about these fish, check out Project Piaba. Pre-order the Planet Money book and get a free gift. / Subscribe to Planet Money+Listen free: Apple Podcasts, Spotify, the NPR app or anywhere you get podcasts.Facebook / Instagram / TikTok / Our weekly Newsletter.This episode was hosted by Jeff Guo. It was co-reported and produced by Luis Gallo. It was edited by Marianne McCune, fact-checked by Sierra Juarez and engineered by Kwesi Lee. Alex Goldmark is Planet Money's executive producer.To manage podcast ad preferences, review the links below:See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for sponsorship and to manage your podcast sponsorship preferences.Learn more about sponsor message choices: podcastchoices.com/adchoicesNPR Privacy Policy

Um dos principais Shapers e designers do mundo, Marcio Zouvi é incisivo como as suas pranchas - cortante e mordaz.O Boia adora conversar sobre pranchas e mais uma vez aproveitamos um STAB in the dark para trazer esse assunto que tanto nos encanta.Julio Adler, João Valente e Bruno Bocayuva não se furtam de perguntar e Zouvi faz questão de ser didático e direto nas respostas.Tem analise do CS de Newcastle, Imagem Falada (Viva Maxime!), coluna do Alexandre Iglesias imperdível e as músicas escolhidas com o cuidado de quem escolhe a prancha certa.Men At Work com It's a Mistake. Nada Surf com Popular, Peaches com os Stranglers e Section 43 com Country Joe & The Fish.

Welcome to Day 2819 of Wisdom-Trek. Thank you for joining me. Putnam Church Message – 02/15/2026 Luke's Account of the Good News - “What It's Like to Fish With Jesus.”    Last week, we continued our study of the ministry of Jesus Christ with a message titled “Ministry at the Grassroots Level,” where we learned what true ministry included. Today, we continue with the twelfth message in Luke's narrative of the Good News of Jesus Christ in a message titled “What It's Like to Fish With Jesus.” Our Core verses for this week are Luke 5:1-11, found on page 1597 of your Pew Bibles. Follow along as I read. Introduction: When You've Fished All Night and Caught Nothing There are moments in life when effort and outcome simply don't line up. You did everything right. / You prepared. / You stayed up late. / You worked hard. You relied on your experience and training.  / And still—nothing. That's where Luke places us at the beginning of chapter five. Not at the height of excitement. Not at a revival service. Not at a mountaintop moment. But at the shoreline…early in the morning…with tired, smelly men washing empty nets. Luke has already shown us Jesus preaching with authority, confronting evil, healing the sick, and drawing crowds. But now, the story slows down. The camera zooms in. And instead of crowds, we find fishermen—ordinary men—at the end of a long, disappointing night. This is not accidental. Because this is where discipleship begins. Main Point 1: Jesus Meets Us in the Weariness of Our Ordinary Work (Luke 5:1–3) “One day as Jesus was preaching on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, great crowds pressed in on him to listen to the word of God. He noticed two empty boats at the water's edge, for the fishermen had left them and were washing their nets.” (Luke 5:1–2, NLT) The Scene Luke Wants Us to See Luke is a careful storyteller. He wants us to notice details. It's morning. The fishermen are done. The nets are empty. The boats are idle. These men—Simon Peter, Andrew, James, and John—are not amateurs. Fishing is their livelihood. Their families depend on it. Their reputations are tied to it. In the first century, fishing on the Sea of Galilee was serious business. Night fishing was the norm because fish stayed near the surface in cooler temperatures. To come back empty after an entire night wasn't just frustrating—it was financially dangerous. And now, exhausted and discouraged, they are washing nets they barely used. That's when Jesus steps into the picture. Not with fireworks. Not with angels. Not with thunder. But by asking for a boat. Jesus Steps into Simon's Boat “Stepping into one of the boats, Jesus asked Simon, its owner, to push it out into the water. So he sat in the boat and taught the crowds from there.” (Luke 5:3, NLT) Jesus doesn't interrupt their work to scold them. He doesn't explain anything. He doesn't promise a miracle. He simply asks Simon to let Him use what he already has. A boat. A place of work. A familiar setting. Object Lesson #1: The Boat Hold up my iPhone: “This boat and my iPhone represent the ordinary places of our lives—our work, our routines, our responsibilities. Jesus doesn't wait for us to be rested, inspired, or successful. He steps right into the middle of our exhaustion.” Simon's boat had just failed him as a fishing platform. But it becomes a pulpit for the Son of God. What Simon thought was an instrument of disappointment became a platform for divine teaching. Ancient Perspective: God Has Always Worked This Way This moment fits a familiar biblical pattern. God met Moses while he was tending sheep (Exodus 3). God called Gideon while he was hiding in a winepress (Judges 6). God spoke to Elijah not in fire or wind, but in a whisper (1 Kings 19). God consistently enters lives at the point of ordinary obedience—not spiritual readiness. The fishermen weren't praying. They weren't seeking guidance. They weren't expecting a call. They were cleaning up after failure. Modern Analogy: The Office, the Kitchen, the Garage Most people don't encounter God in dramatic settings. They encounter Him: At a desk, staring at an unfinished project. At a kitchen sink, washing dishes again. In a hospital hallway, waiting for news. In a garage, fixing something broken—again. Jesus still steps into boats like that. And often, He does not explain what He's about to do. He simply asks, “Can I use this?” Why This Matters Simon lets Jesus use the boat—but notice something important. / Simon is still tired. / Still discouraged. / Still empty-handed. Yet he makes space for Jesus anyway. / That's the first step of discipleship. / Not confidence. / Not clarity. / But availability. Summary of Main Point 1 Jesus does not wait for us to be strong before calling us. He does not require success before involvement. He meets us in weariness and uses what feels inadequate. Discipleship begins when we allow Jesus into the ordinary places of our lives—especially when we are tired, discouraged, and empty-handed. __________________________________________________________________ Main Point 2 - When Jesus Asks Us to Try Again Where We Already Failed (Luke 5:4–7) The Most Irritating Command Jesus Could Have Given “When he had finished speaking, he said to Simon, ‘Now go out where it is deeper, and let down your nets to catch some fish.'” (Luke 5:4, NLT) This is the moment where the story shifts from calm to uncomfortable. / Up to now, Simon has been polite. / He let Jesus use the boat. / He listened while cleaning nets. / He stayed out of the way. But now Jesus crosses a line. / Jesus stops preaching…turns to a professional fisherman… and tells him how to do his job. / Not only that—Jesus tells him to do it wrong. / Fish at the wrong time. / In the wrong place. / After the wrong result. And not just a net— “let down your nets.” Plural. Simon's Response: Respectful, Honest, and Reluctant “Master,” Simon replied, “we worked hard all last night and didn't catch a thing. But if you say so, I'll let the nets down again.” (Luke 5:5, NLT) This may be one of the most relatable verses in all of Scripture.  / Simon doesn't argue—but he doesn't pretend either. / You can almost hear the tone: “Jesus… I respect You.  / But just so we're clear— we already tried this.” / This is not blind enthusiasm. / This is exhausted obedience. / And that's important. Ancient Perspective: This Was a Professional Embarrassment In first-century Jewish culture, /skill and experience mattered deeply. A craftsman's honor was tied to competence. Simon wasn't just tired—his identity was wrapped up in his ability to provide. Fishing again wasn't just inconvenient. / It risked public humiliation. / Crowds were watching. / Other fishermen were nearby. / Everyone could see empty nets. Failure in private is painful. / Failure in public is devastating. / And Jesus tells Simon to go back into the very waters that already told him “no.” Object Lesson #2: The Empty Net Hold up an empty net— “This net represents the places where we already tried: The prayers we prayed. / The efforts we made. / The conversations we had. / And nothing happened.” / Jesus doesn't ask Simon to fish somewhere new. / He sends him back to the place of disappointment. Why Jesus Does This Because dependence cannot grow where confidence still reigns. / As long as Simon believed success came from his experience, strength, and strategy, he could never learn what it meant to follow Jesus. Jesus isn't testing Simon's fishing ability. He's testing his trust. The Miracle Happens Suddenly—and Overwhelmingly “And this time their nets were so full of fish they...

What if the fish on your plate isn't the fish you think it is? Scientists around the world have been testing seafood from grocery stores, markets, and restaurants using DNA. The results are often surprising. Studies have found that anywhere from 10 percent to more than 30 percent of seafood products are mislabeled. In some cases, cheaper fish are sold as expensive species. In other cases, endangered fish or illegally caught seafood can enter the market under completely different names. Seafood mislabeling is not just a consumer problem. It can hide illegal fishing, undermine sustainable fisheries, and make it harder for regulators to protect ocean ecosystems. In this episode, we break down how common seafood fraud really is and why it matters for the future of ocean conservation. Follow How to Protect the Ocean for weekday ocean science updates. Support Independent Podcasts: https://www.speakupforblue.com/patreon Help fund a new seagrass podcast: https://www.speakupforblue.com/seagrass Join the Undertow: https://www.speakupforblue.com/jointheundertow Connect with Speak Up For Blue Website: https://bit.ly/3fOF3Wf Instagram: https://bit.ly/3rIaJSG TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@speakupforblue Twitter: https://bit.ly/3rHZxpc YouTube: www.speakupforblue.com/youtube  

Send a textEver wondered what actually happens to the bass after the weigh-in at the Bassmaster Classic? We sit down with Gene Gilliland, B.A.S.S. National Conservation Director and veteran fisheries biologist, to uncover the hidden science of tournament fishing.In this episode, we dive deep into the conservation side of the Bassmaster Classic. Gene Gilliland explains how fisheries biologists operate within the high-stakes tournament landscape, the incredible lengths B.A.S.S. goes to in order to keep fish alive, and the future of bass conservation in America. Whether you are a tournament angler, a weekend warrior, or a biology nerd, this conversation reveals the massive logistical and scientific effort required to protect our fisheries while hosting the biggest events in bass fishing.

In this episode, DWR Aquatic Section Chief Drew Cushing and Aquatic Section Research Coordinator Robert Shields talk about the new 30-year plan for fish production and stocking in Utah. Continued population growth in Utah has created increasing demands on the water infrastructure, and combined with the ongoing drought conditions reducing the amount of water available, it has required the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources to proactively plan for a few changes in order to ensure angling opportunities and native species conservation efforts into the future.

Don't forget to come celebrate our 1000th episode with us because it's gonna be incredible! We learn about an online community that helps fish get to their spawning locations by ringing a "doorbell" that alerts locals to let them through a lock. We find out if chimps love crystals as much as people, and scientists theory for why humans are drawn to them. We discuss Punch the chimp who has been reduced to hanging out with a stuffed animal because none of the chimps like him (including his mom). We learn the tricks to being a good liar, how to spot a liar, and why people get tricked on The Traitors reality show. And we discuss how the Pitt is making Susie wonder how we're alive, but making Sarah thankful for the resilience of her body. And Susie talks about a marathon runner who might miss out on the championship because the lead car that guides the race led her down the wrong road! Is that fair? What should those rules be?Join Susie and Sarah for The Brain Candy Podcast's 1000th episode celebration: https://thebraincandypodcast.com/product/brain-candy-1000th-episode-event/00:00 - Join Us for Our 1000th Episode Party!05:31 - Susie's Tropical Travel Woes: Jellyfish Stings09:49 - Jess McClain's Marathon Misfortune: Led Astray16:27 - Is Fourth Place Truly the Worst in a Race?21:54 - Crowdsourcing Fish Passage with a Digital Doorbell26:58 - Delicious & Healthy Meals for Your Feline Friends29:09 - Why Chimpanzees Are Drawn to Sparkling Crystals37:39 - Punch: The Chimp Who Cuddles a Stuffed Animal41:30 - Find Your Perfect Style with Daily Look41:39 - Unpacking Deception: Lessons from The Traitors58:09 - The Human Body: Fragile Yet Miraculously Resilient1:01:59 - Final Thoughts and Upcoming EventsBrain Candy Podcast Website - https://thebraincandypodcast.com/Brain Candy Podcast Book Recommendations - https://thebraincandypodcast.com/books/Brain Candy Podcast Merchandise - https://thebraincandypodcast.com/candy-store/Brain Candy Podcast Candy Club - https://thebraincandypodcast.com/product/candy-club/Brain Candy Podcast Sponsor Codes - https://thebraincandypodcast.com/support-us/Brain Candy Podcast Social Media & Platforms:Brain Candy Podcast LIVE Interactive Trivia Nights - https://www.youtube.com/@BrainCandyPodcast/streamsBrain Candy Podcast Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/braincandypodcastHost Susie Meister Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/susiemeisterHost Sarah Rice Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/imsarahriceBrain Candy Podcast on X: https://www.x.com/braincandypodBrain Candy Podcast Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/braincandy (JOIN FREE - TONS OF REALITY TV CONTENT)Brain Candy Podcast Sponsors, partnerships, & Products that we love:For 50% off your order, head to https://www.dailylook.com and use code BRAINCANDYFor a limited time, get 60% off your first order, plus free shipping, when you head to https://www.smalls.com/braincandySign up and get 10% off at https://www.betterhelp.com/braincandyLEGAL NOTICE - Unless you have a signed agreement directly with Brain Candy ®, you do NOT have the right or permission to ingest, utilize, transcribe, duplicate or edit this material content. Platforms found to be ingesting this data without permission are in clear violation Brain Candy's Terms Of Use, and will be held directly accountable for ignoring this clear public warning.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

Before The 90 Day S8 Ep12 For more THE OTHER WAY join Patreon! Patreon.com/TrashTalkPodcast Youtube: www.youtube.com/c/TrashTalkPodcasts Tiktok: @trashtalkpodcasts Instagram and Twitter @90daypodcast Traceycarnazzo.com Tracey Carnazzo @trixietuzzini Noelle Winters Herzog @noeygirl_ Bonus content at Patreon.com/TrashTalkPodcast forhers.com/fiance acorns.com/fiance laundrysauce.com/fiance

Mens Room Question: What's the most you've lost because of a pet or an animal?

Predation is the leading cause of mortality in wild turkeys - but does that mean predator control is the answer? We explore the science, case studies, and management implications behind one of the most debated topics in turkey research.   Resources Habitat management = predator management | Ep 66 Has turkey habitat changed? | Ep 21 Johnson, V. M., et al. (2022). Nest site selection and survival of wild turkeys in Tennessee. Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, 9, 134-143. Kilburg, E. L., et al. (2014). Wild turkey nest survival and nest‐site selection in the presence of growing‐season prescribed fire. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 78(6), 1033-1039. Palmer, W. E., et al. (2005). Effect of field borders and nest‐predator reduction on abundance of northern bobwhites. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 33(4), 1398-1405. Speake, Daniel W. "Predation on wild turkeys in Alabama." 4th National Wild Turkey Symposium. Little Rock, Arkansas (USA). 2-5 Mar 1980.. 1980. Williams Jr, L. E., D. H. Austin, and T. E. Peoples. "Turkey nesting success on a Florida study area." 4th National Wild Turkey Symposium. Little Rock, Arkansas (USA). 2-5 Mar 1980.. 1980.   Our lab is primarily funded by donations. If you would like to help support our work, please donate here: http://UFgive.to/UFGameLab   We've launched our second online wild turkey course  ! Enroll in  Wild Turkey Manager: Biology, History & Habitat to learn about the principal biology, mating, behavior, food selection, human dimensions, hunter interactions, and historical context of wild turkeys. This course is accredited by the Society of American Foresters as a Category 2 course worth 7 Continuing Forestry Education credits. Participants can also earn up to 5 CEUs in Category I of The Wildlife Society's Certified Wildlife Biologist Program. Enroll now: https://tinyurl.com/WildTurkeyManagerBio   Be sure to check out our first comprehensive online wild turkey course featuring experts across multiple institutions that specialize in habitat management and population management for wild turkeys. Earn up to 20.5 CFE hours! Enroll Now!    Dr. Marcus Lashley @DrDisturbance, Publications Dr. Will Gulsby @dr_will_gulsby, Publications Turkeys for Tomorrow @turkeysfortomorrow  UF Game Lab @ufgamelab, YouTube   Want to help wild turkey conservation? Please take our quick survey to take part in our research!   Do you have a topic you'd like us to cover? Leave us a review or send us an email at wildturkeyscience@gmail.com!   Watch these podcasts on YouTube   Please help us by taking our (quick) listener survey - Thank you!    Check out the DrDisturbance YouTube channel! DrDisturbance YouTube   Want to help support the podcast? Our friends at Grounded Brand have an option to donate directly to Wild Turkey Science at checkout. Thank you in advance for your support!   Leave a podcast rating for a chance to win free gear!   This podcast is made possible by Turkeys for Tomorrow, a grassroots organization dedicated to the wild turkey. To learn more about TFT, go to turkeysfortomorrow.org.    Music by Artlist.io Produced & edited by Charlotte Nowak

Fashion experts Zanna Roberts Rassi, Jenna Lyons and Elaine Welteroth break down the best looks from the Oscars alongside guest co-host Justin Sylvester. Jesse Tyler Ferguson stops by to talk about starring as Truman Capote in the one-man play “Tru." Jordin Sparks opens up about her role as Shimmer in the animated film “The Pout-Pout Fish." Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

Predation is the leading cause of mortality in wild turkeys - but does that mean predator control is the answer? We explore the science, case studies, and management implications behind one of the most debated topics in turkey research.   Resources Habitat management = predator management | Ep 66 Has turkey habitat changed? | Ep 21 Johnson, V. M., et al. (2022). Nest site selection and survival of wild turkeys in Tennessee. Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, 9, 134-143. Kilburg, E. L., et al. (2014). Wild turkey nest survival and nest‐site selection in the presence of growing‐season prescribed fire. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 78(6), 1033-1039. Palmer, W. E., et al. (2005). Effect of field borders and nest‐predator reduction on abundance of northern bobwhites. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 33(4), 1398-1405. Speake, Daniel W. "Predation on wild turkeys in Alabama." 4th National Wild Turkey Symposium. Little Rock, Arkansas (USA). 2-5 Mar 1980.. 1980. Williams Jr, L. E., D. H. Austin, and T. E. Peoples. "Turkey nesting success on a Florida study area." 4th National Wild Turkey Symposium. Little Rock, Arkansas (USA). 2-5 Mar 1980.. 1980.   Our lab is primarily funded by donations. If you would like to help support our work, please donate here: http://UFgive.to/UFGameLab   Don't miss out on a chance to win a custom Benelli Super Black Eagle 3! This 28-gauge shotgun features a 28' barrel, 3" chamber, and is exclusively dipped in Mossy Oak Full Foliage not available to the public. Enter the online raffle below for a shot at owning this one-of-a-kind gun! This is literally a one-of-one collectable item. https://e.givesmart.com/events/Nqy/   We've launched our second online wild turkey course  ! Enroll in  Wild Turkey Manager: Biology, History & Habitat to learn about the principal biology, mating, behavior, food selection, human dimensions, hunter interactions, and historical context of wild turkeys. This course is accredited by the Society of American Foresters as a Category 2 course worth 7 Continuing Forestry Education credits. Participants can also earn up to 5 CEUs in Category I of The Wildlife Society's Certified Wildlife Biologist Program. Enroll now: https://tinyurl.com/WildTurkeyManagerBio   Be sure to check out our first comprehensive online wild turkey course featuring experts across multiple institutions that specialize in habitat management and population management for wild turkeys. Earn up to 20.5 CFE hours! Enroll Now!    Dr. Marcus Lashley @DrDisturbance, Publications Dr. Will Gulsby @dr_will_gulsby, Publications Turkeys for Tomorrow @turkeysfortomorrow  UF Game Lab @ufgamelab, YouTube   Want to help wild turkey conservation? Please take our quick survey to take part in our research!   Do you have a topic you'd like us to cover? Leave us a review or send us an email at wildturkeyscience@gmail.com!   Watch these podcasts on YouTube   Please help us by taking our (quick) listener survey - Thank you!    Check out the DrDisturbance YouTube channel! DrDisturbance YouTube   Want to help support the podcast? Our friends at Grounded Brand have an option to donate directly to Wild Turkey Science at checkout. Thank you in advance for your support!   Leave a podcast rating for a chance to win free gear!   This podcast is made possible by Turkeys for Tomorrow, a grassroots organization dedicated to the wild turkey. To learn more about TFT, go to turkeysfortomorrow.org.    Music by Artlist.io Produced & edited by Charlotte Nowak

CW: Suicide This episode we are talking about Law and Order--where Ritsuryo system gets its name.  We are going to look at some of the underlying theory of how the government was set up and then some of the new laws people were expected to follow and examples of punishment--as well as pardons and general amnesties. For the blogpost, check out:  https://sengokudaimyo.com/podcast/episode-145 Rough Transcript Welcome to Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  My name is Joshua, and this is Episode 145:  Law and Order in the Reign of Temmu     The sound of struggle could be heard, as a man, hands bound behind him, was roughly brought into the courtyard by several sturdy men.  They thrust him roughly to the bare ground in front of the pavilion.  The man's clothes were disheveled, his hair was unkempt, and his right eye was swollen shut.  He was a stark contrast from the four officials standing over him, and even more from those who stood in the pavilion, above, prepared to dole out judgment.  A clerk was handling the paperwork at a nearby desk, but the court official already knew this case.  He had read the reports, heard the testimony of the witnesses and, to top it all off, he had read the confession.  It seems it had taken some coercion, but in the end, the criminal before him had admitted to his wrongdoing. And thus the official was able to pronounce the sentence with some sense of moral clarity.  After all, if this man was innocent, why would he confess?  On the other hand, if he were truly innocent, how would he even have come to their attention?  Even if he was not guilty of this crime, if he had been such an upstanding citizen, why would his neighbors have accused him in the first place?  One way or another, justice was being done.     We remain—for at least the next couple of episodes—firmly in the reign of Ohoama, aka Temmu Tennou.  There is a lot more in this reign, and we are reaching a period where we won't be able to cover nearly as much as previously, so we'll have to summarize some things, but there is still a lot here to discuss.  Last episode we looked at what was happening outside of the court.  This episode we turn our attention back to the center, and specifically, what law and order meant in Ohoama's time. This period is called the Ritsuryo period, and as the name indicates, it is characterized by the set of laws and accompanying penal codes, the ritsu and the ryo.  Most of these codes are no longer extant, only known to us by other sources which contain only fragments of the originals.  But it was this adoption of a continental style of law that seems to most characterize this period.  So this episode, we are going to look at the project Ohoama kicked off to establish  one such law code —possibly even the first actual—for Yamato, as well as some of the examples of how law and order were enforced. In Episode 143 we talked about Ohoama's  historiographical project, which kicked off in the third month of 681 and culminated in the very chronicles we have been poring over.  However, a month before that, we see the start of a different and likely more immediate project, as the sovereign ordered work to begin on a new legal code.  This task was decreed from the Daigokuden to all of the Princes and Ministers -- who were then cautioned to divide it up and take it in shifts, since after all, they still needed to administer the government.  And so this division of labor began. The code would take years to compile, so, like so many of the ambitious projects of this reign, it was not quite ready by the time of Ohoama's death in 686.  In fact, it wouldn't be promulgated until 689, and even then that was only the "Ryou" part of the "Ritsuryou"—that is to say it contained the laws, the "ryou", but no the penal code, or "ritsu".  Still, we are told that the total body of laws was some 22 volumes and is known today as the Asuka Kiyomihara Code.  It is unfortunately no longer extant—we only have evidence of the laws based on those edicts and references we see in the Nihon Shoki, but it is thought by some to be the first such deliberate attempt to create a law code for Yamato.  We do have an earlier reference to Naka no Ohoye putting together a collection of laws during his reign, known as the Afumi Code, but there is some question as to whether that was actually a deliberate code or just a compilation of edicts that had been made up to that point.  These various codes are where the "Ritsuryo" period gets its name, and the Asuka Kiyomihara Code would eventually be supplanted in 701 by the Taihou code—which is one of the reasons why copies of previous codes haven't been kept around.  After all, why would you need the old law code when you now have the new and improved version? This also means that often, when we don't have other evidence, we look to later codes and histories to understand what might be happening when we get hints or fragments of legal matters.  The Chronicles often make note of various laws or customs, but they can be sparse on details.  After all, the main audience, in the 8th century, would be living the current law codes and likely understood the references in ways we may have to work out through other sources. As for the Kiyomihara Code, there are further notes in the Chronicles that seem to be referencing this project.  Besides the obvious—the new laws that were promulgated through various edicts—we see a few entries sprinkled throughout that appear to be related to this project.  First, I would note that in the 10th month of the same year that they started the project, 681, there was issued an edict that all those of the rank of Daisen on down should offer up their admonitions to the government.   Bentley notes that Article 65 of the Statutes on Official Documents provides a kind of feedback mechanism via this admonitions, where anyone who saw a problem with the government could submit it to the Council of the State.  If they had a fear of reprisals they could submit anonymously. This entry for the 10th month of 681 could just refer to a similar request that all those who had a problem should report it so it could be fixed, but in light of several other things, I would also suggest that it was at least in line with the ongoing efforts to figure out what needed to be figured out vis a vis the laws of the land.  Later, in the 8th month of 682 we see a similar type of request, where everyone from the Princes to the Ministers were instructed to bring forward matters suitable for framing new regulations.   So it looks like that first year or so there were, in a sense, a lot of "listening sessions" and other efforts going on to give deliberate thought to how the government should operate.  A few days later in 682 the Chronicles tell us that the court were working on drawing up the new laws, and as they did so they noticed a great rainbow.  Bentley suggests that this was an auspicious sign—even Heaven was smiling on the operation. So we know that there was lawmaking going on.  But what did these laws actually look like? This episode we are going to look at both criminal law – crimes and punishments, and gow they could be mitigated as well as those laws that were less about criminal activities and more about how the state itself was to be run. As I just stated, a lot of the laws and edicts are not necessarily about criminal activities.  Many of them are about the government and how it works—or at least how it is supposed to work.  Some of this helps to reveal a bit about the theoretical and philosophical underpinnings of this project.  That said, I'm not always sure that Ohoama and his officials were necessarily adherents to those philosophies or if they saw them more as justifications fro their actions.  And, in the end, does it matter?  Even if they weren't strict Confucianists, it is hard to argue that Confucian theory didn't loom large in their project, given its impact on the systems they were cribbing from.  Furthermore, if we need to extrapolate things that go unsaid, we could do worse than using Confucianism and similar continental philosophies as our guide, given what we see in the record.  A particularly intriguing record for understanding how that government was supposed to work is a declaration that civil and military officials of the central and provincial governments should, every year, consider their subordinates and determine what promotions, if any, they should receive.  They were to send in their recommendations within the first ten days to the judges, or "houkan".  The judges would compare the reports and make their recommendations up to the Daibenkan—the executive department of the Dajokan, the Council of State.  In addition, officers who refused orders to go on various missions for the court were ineligible for promotion, unless their refusal was specifically for genuine illness or bereavement following the loss of a parent. This feels like an important note on how the whole bureaucratic appointment and promotion system worked.  It actually follows early ideas of the meritocratic bureaucracy that was at the heart of how the government was supposed to work.  It isn't quite the same as magistrates roaming the land and seeking out talented individuals, but it still demonstrates a promotion system that is at least nominally about the merit of the individual and not solely based on personal patronage—though I'm sure the sovereign, the sumera no mikoto, or tennou, could still issue promotions whenever he so wished. And as cool as I find all that to be, I think the piece that I find particularly fun is the fact that they had to specify that only a "genuine" illness was a valid excuse.  That suggests to me that there were people who would feign illness to get out of work.  In other words, faking a sick day is nothing new and you could totally have a ritsuryo version of "Ferris Buehler's Day Off". This meritocratic idea seems to be tempered a bit a few years later, in 682.  We see an edict that not only describes the language and character of the court ritual, but also talking about verifying the lineage and character of anyone who applies for office.  Anyone whose lineage was found to be less than sufficient would be declared ineligible, regardless of whatever else they had done. And this is the tension of trying to overlay a theoretical system, based on the idea of merit, on a hereditary aristocracy.  In a meritocracy, one wouldn't blink twice at a person from a "lesser" ranked family making their way up and above those of "superior" families.  Then again, you probably wouldn't have families ranked in a hierarchy, anyway.  I feel like we've touched on this in a past episode, somewhere, but it isn't the last time we'll be talking about this.  After initially adopting the system as it theoretically should be, the cultural pressures of the elite nobles would start to shape the government into something that was not quite so threatening to the power of those elite families.  After all, those families held a lot of power—economic, political, and otherwise—and, as elites throughout history have done, they would do whatever they could to hold onto that power. This is actually something we see on the continent.  Whatever sense of justice or equality may have lay at the heart of the theory behind good governance, it was always going to be impacted by those with resources and the familial connections that bind people together.  For instance, it was the wealthy who would have the money and leisure time to be able to hire tutors, acquire books, and spend time studying and learning—something that is hard to do if you have to help your family work in the fields.  And the court would always be a place of politics, which was fueled by wealth and connections.  No doubt, if you asked someone of the time, they would say that the "correct" thing to do would be to work your way up from the bottom, starting from a low ranked position and climbing up based on their good deeds.  That's all well and good, but then we see preference given to the highest nobles, with their own progeny getting a jump on things by being automatically placed higher in rank.  With only a finite number of positions in the government, this meant  that climbing through the ranks would be almost impossible at some point, as there just weren't enough positions for those qualified to take them. This is an all-too-common problem, regardless of the actual system of government.  The powerful and wealthy have always had a leg up—though sometimes more than others. That isn't to say that those less fortunate were always ignored.  For instance, early in his reign, Ohoama made a decree to divide the common people—those who were not members of the royal family, so not princes or princesses—into three different classes, Upper, Middle, and Lower, all based on their wealth or financial status.  Only the two lower groups were eligible for loans of seed rice, should they need it.  That isn't so different than a lot of modern, means-tested government assistance programs, when you think about it.  The idea of breaking up groups into an "Upper", "Middle", and "Lower" category is found elsewhere—Bentley notes Article 16 of the Statutes of Arable Land dividing up families who planted mulberry.  "Ryou no Shuuge", a 9th century commentary on the Yoro law-code, notes that, at least by that time, the three categories were based on the number of people in a given household, not just the total wealth, it would seem.     Other decrees help us understand the make-up of the court, such as decree in the 8th month of 679, with the sovereign requesting that various houses send women to work in the court.  Bentley notes that this is very similar wording to Article 18 of the statutes of the Rear Palace, where the sovereign's consorts lived.  He also mentions a note in Ryou no Shuuge stating it was specifically women from noble families in the capital city and nearby who were employed for low-level tasks in the palace.     Continuing with the ordering of the government, in the third month of 681, Ohoama went to the well of the New Palace—the Nihi no Miya—and he ordered the military drums and other instruments to be played.  In the continental style, music was an important part of the military, with certain instruments and tunes that would be played for a variety of purposes.  It is unclear that the archipelago had such a detailed history of military music, and so it seems that this is in emulation of the continental practice. Then, in the 5th month, Ohoama had to crack down on another practice that was apparently taking off with the various public functionaries.  As we noted, earlier, public functionaries were reliant on their superiors, the judges, and then the Council of State for their promotion.  However, some appear to have found another way to garner favor, and that was through female palace officials—those working in the private quarters.  Those palace officials would have access to the sovereign and his families—his queen and various consorts.  And of course, if Ohoama heard good things about a person, then perhaps he would put them forward for promotion.  At the very least, if that person's name came forward, it might be well thought of.  And so public functionaries had taken to paying their respects to the women working in the palace.  Sometimes they would go to their doors and make their case directly.  Other times they would offer presents to them and their families.  This was clearly not how the system was intended to work.  As such, Ohoama told everyone to knock it off—should he hear about anyone trying this in the future, then the offenders would be punished according to their circumstances. Of course, I would note that this only would be a problem if the individuals were caught.  If the rest of Japanese history—heck, world history—is anything to go on, then humans are going to human and the court was no doubt deeply steeped in political maneuvering of all kinds.  I imagine that this practice never fully stopped, but it probably stopped being quite as blatant—for now. Continuing with the development of how the government operated, we get the entry for the 28th day of the 3rd lunar month of 682.  It starts with various sumptuary laws, with Princes down to public functionaries no longer wearing specialized caps of office—effectively getting rid of the idea of "cap-rank".  They also would no longer wear the aprons, sashes, or leggings that were part of the previous outfit.  Likewise the Uneme and female palace officials would no longer wear the elbow-straps or shoulder-scarves.  This appears to have moved the court closer to what the continent was wearing at the time, with belted garments based on clothing not too dissimilar from what was found across the Silk Road, to be honest.  They also discontinued all sustenance-fiefs for Princes and Ministers.  Those had to be returned to the State.  Presumably their salaries would then come from any stipends associated with their rank, instead.  This doesn't seem all that connected with the other edict, focused on clothing and rank, except that is part of the further centralization of power and authority—all taxes were to go to the central government and then get parceled out, and everyone—or at least those in the court—were to conform to a standard uniform.  That said, for all that it may have been the intent, as we shall see, the court would never fully get rid of the idea of privately held tax land—it would just take different forms over time. Later, we get more sumptuary laws, some about what the people of the court would wear, but others that were more general.  Sumptuary laws are laws specifically focused on controlling things such as expenditures or personal behavior—including what one wore and how they expressed themselves--and they are generally made to help order society in some way.  There were a lot of cultures where purple, for instance, was reserved for royalty—often because of how expensive it was and difficult to make.  Wearing an expensive purple fabric could be seen as an expression of wealth—and thus power—and that could feel like a challenge to those in power themselves.  It probably also meant that there was enough dye for the royal robes and it was not nearly so scarce. In other instances, we see sumptuary laws to call out people of certain groups.  Some laws are to distinguish an in-group, and others to call out a group to be set apart from society.  Other such laws were made to distinguish between social constructs such as caste or gender.  Even today we have a concept of "cross-dressing" as we have determined that certain clothing or styles are seen as either more masculine or feminine, and there are those who call out such things as somehow perverting society.  And yet, the clothing is simply pieces of fabric, and what may have been considered masculine or feminine in one time or place may not bee seen as such in another. In this case, the sumptuary laws in question focused on hairstyles.  Ohoama decreed that all persons, male or female, must tie up their hair—they couldn't leave it hanging down. This was to be done no later than the last day of the year—the 30th day of the 12th lunar month, though it could be required even before that.  We are also told that women were expected to ride horses in the saddle similar to the way men did. This appears to mean they would sit astride a saddle, with their legs on either side, and not in something akin to side saddle.  This also likely meant that women riding horses would want trousers, similar to what men wore, at least for that part of it.  Trying to wear a long skirt with your legs on either side of a horse does not strike me as the most comfortable position to put yourself in, not that people haven't figured it out over the centuries in various ways.  Indeed, in some Tang statuary, women are often depicted riding horseback with trousers.   In the 9th month of 682 we get a fun entry.  Well, I find it amusing.  We are told that the practice of ceremonial crawling and kneeling was to be abolished and that they would adopt the ceremonial custom of standing, as had been practiced in the Naniwa court.  And a part of me thinks of some old courtier who was having trouble with all of the kneeling who was suddenly very happy with this new ordinance.  On the other hand, it is fascinating to think of the other implications. First, we are being told that there was a custom of standing at the Naniwa court, while in Asuka there was a tradition of ceremonial crawling and kneeling.  Bentley's translation makes it apparent that this was specifically as you entered through the gates: that you would bow and then crawl through the entranceway. I'm assuming that the standing custom was based on continental tradition, since that seemed to be what the Naniwa palace was built to emulate, and that in returning to Asuka they were partaking in a more local ritual—though I'm not entirely certain as I just don't have enough information to know at this point.  Aston does claim that it was custom in the Tang court, though I'm not sure of his source for that. In 683 we get more information on how the court functioned.  We are told that there was a decree that all persons of rank in the Home Provinces were expected to present themselves at Court at some point in the first month of each quarter.  You were only excused if you were sick, at which point an official would need to send a report up to the judicial authorities.  So every noble in the Home Provinces had to travel to the court once every four months.  And if they couldn't, they need to be able to produce the equivalent of a doctor's note, saysing so. We aren't told why this was implemented.  I suspect that there had to be some compromise between nobles being at and working at the court and going back to their hometown to also keep an eye on things there.  It is possible that there were plenty of people who just weren't coming to the court unless they had to—living off their stipend, but not necessarily doing the work.  So this may have been a "return to office" type order to make sure that people were there, in the "office" of the court at least once every four months. This brings to mind the Edo period practice of alternate attendance, or Sankin-koutai, where daimyo would have to attend on the Shogun for a time and then could return home.  Of course, that was also done as a means to drain their coffers, and I don't believe this was meant in quite so punishing a manner. Having a permanent city, where the nobles had houses in the city, would likely fix these issues, allowing the court to be more regularly staffed.  Sure enough, that same decree included the decree that there would be a Capital City at Naniwa as well as other places, while the work at Nihiki, on what would become the Fujiwara capital, was already underway. Speaking of the capital, that work would require labor and people to oversee it.  In 10th month of 684, we see a note that gives us a glimpse into the management of corvee labor, as Prince Hatsuse and Kose no Asomi no Umakahi, as well as officials down to facilities managers, 20 people in all, were set up as corvee labor managers for the royal region.      Next, let's talk criminal matters.  What kinds of things were people being accused of or what laws were being set up to constraing the activities of individuals.   We'll start by looking at how justices was handled, generally speaking.  Some of it seems almost obvious, like in 675, when we are told that the sovereign ordered that nobody—whether a minister, a functionary, or a citizen—should commit an offense lest they be punished accordingly.  'But what was happening previously to make such a proclamation necessary? On the one hand, I suspect that this was a warning to the elites of the archipelago more than anything else, especially those who might not have been in direct fealty to the Yamato sovereign previously.  Those elites farther out in the provinces were probably used to a looser hand, and fewer consequences for their actions.  Back in Taika years, in the late 640s, just as everything was kicking off, the court had had to bring the hammer down on the governors and various kuni no miyatsuko, local elites who had been doing things their own way.  I suspect this was just a similar attempt to bring people into line and a reminder of who actually wore the hakama in this administration.  It also seems to be a straightforward statement that the law applied to every person—or at least every person outside of the sovereign, himself. That was likely a novel idea for many people, where those in positions of power were likely able to get away with murder, quite literally, because who was going to stop them?  We've seen how many of the more powerful families controlled what were essentially private armies. At the same time, 675 is before these new formal law codes and punishments were in place.  Presumably there was tradition in place and some understanding that the sovereign could declare laws and punishment, but I also wonder if this isn't part of the reason that they felt that centralized, authoritative, written law codes were required in the first place.  After all, communicating laws and punishments verbally across the archipelago, even with the potential for written edicts, likely relied a lot on local administrators to interpret the edicts and figure out what was going on. This seems to align with an edict from the 10th month of 679, which decried that there were many people guilty of crimes and violence hanging around the capital.  This was blamed on the Princes and Ministers, since the edict claimed that these high officials heard about it but didn't do anything, instead treating it like a nuisance that was too much trouble—or perhaps too personally expensive—to do anything about.  Alternatively, those same princes and ministers would see people that they knew were guilty, but they didn't want to go through the trouble of actually reporting them, and so the offenders could get away with it.  The proposed solution was to exhort those in higher stations to punish the offenses of those beneath them, while those of lower stations were expected to remonstrate with their superiors when those superiors were rude or violent.  In other words, if everyone just held everyone else accountable, then things would work out. This seems like a great sentiment, but I have to imagine that there was something more beyond the high-minded ideals. Again,  I suspect that it was probably as much Ohoama putting people on notice.  Still, this seems aspirational rather than definitive.      A clear example of the kind of thing that was being prohibited is likelye the decree about fishermen and hunters, who were forbidden from making pitfalls or using spear traps or similar devices.  Also, from the beginning of the 4th month until the 13th day of the 9th month, no one was to set fish-weirs, or himasakiri—an unknown device, but probably another type of fish trap.  Ohoama also prohibited the eating of cattle, horses, dogs, monkeys, or chickens.  Other animals, including boar, deer, fish, etc., were all fair game, as it were. The prohibition on traps is likely because they were a hazard to anyone walking through the area.  In the Tang dynasty they did something similar, but they did make exceptions for hunters in the deep mountains, who were supposed to put up signs warning any travelers.  As for the weirs and himasakiri, whatever that might be, I have less context, but likely it did have some reasoning—possibly similar to our modern concepts of having certain seasons for various types of fishing.  Fish weirs do create obstructions, and between the 4th and 9th lunar months Japan does see the summer monsoon rains—could that be the reason?  Tsuyu, or rainy season, is often around July to mid-June, today.  Or perhaps there is another motivation for that particular prohibition. As for the eating of various animals—of the animals listed, all but the monkeys are domesticated animals who generally weren't considered as food animals.  Cattle were used for working the fields, horses were ridden, and dogs were used for hunting.  I wonder if monkeys were just too close to people. The chicken prohibition may seem odd to us, today.  The word for chicken, "niwatori", literally means garden bird, though the Nihon Shoki uses something more like "barn door bird".  We know that cock-fighting was a thing in later periods, and that chickens were associated with Amaterasu, possibly for their legendary habit of crowing as the sun comes up.  We can also note the lack of some animals, like cats, from the list.  Perhaps cats were never in danger of being seen as a food source, or perhaps cats just weren't as prevalent at the time—we know cats were around from at least the Nara period, but there isn't much evidence before that.  There are examples of bones thought to be from a cat from the Yayoi period found on Iki island, but it is hard to say from that if they were fully established across the archipelago. Still,  I do find it curious they are not on the list.Continuing on, we later see where see the court issued an edict that prohibited the cutting of grass or firewood on Mt. Minabuchi and Mt. Hosokawa.  Furthermore they prevented any indiscriminate burning or cutting on all of the mountains in the Home Provinces.  This feels somewhat religious—after all, the mountains were often considered the domain of the kami.  Perhaps there were some religious restrictions.  On the other hand, some of it sounds like they were trying to just ensure that with a growing population they didn't denude the mountains around the capital. This whole incident brings to mind problems that occurred in and around Chang'an, the western Tang capital.  The palace itself—not to mention all of the houses and temples—took so much wood that it was a drain on the nearby forests.  And that is without taking into account the simple harvesting of wood for cooking fires, tools, etc.  In fact, the logging industry of that time devastated the local environment, meaning that they had to travel farther and farther to find suitable wood for the monumental buildings they wished to create.  It is also thought to have contributed to various natural disasters in and around the capital.  Perhaps Yamato was worried that unrestricted logging in the Home Provinces could likewise cause problems?  Or was that simply an added benefit gained from the idea that mountains were sacred spaces?   Later in the 10th month of 679, there was an edict determining sumptuary rules for monks clothing, as well as what kind of retinue could accompany them when they went out.  We talked about this back in Episode 142.  That same month, there was an edict that, while monks and nuns might normally be expected to stay at a temple—such as in the quarters identified in the ruins of Kawaradera—that it became a problem when older monks became bed-ridden.  After all, if they couldn't leave their bed, then one can only imagine how it must have been.  Not to get overly graphic, but they couldn't exactly make it out to the latrine at that point, either.  So it was determined that if an elderly monk were to reach the stage that they were bed-ridden, and unlikely to recover, then the temple would seek out relatives or laypersons to help build a hut or two in vacant spaces on the temple grounds.  There, the sick and bed-ridden monks could be cared for in a more sanitary manner. Now the way this is written, on the one hand it seems they were worried about ritual purification as much as anything, but I imagine that this was also practical.  After all, as you get all of those monks living together, one can only imagine that disease and illness could easily spread in those close quarters.  So separating those who were quite sick only makes sense, like an early form of quarantine. A lot of these prohibitions seem to be fairly practical.  Don't put traps where people could accidentally fall into them.  Don't chop down the nearby forest—we may need that later.  And even: don't leave a sick or elderly monk in a crowded dormitory situation.But what about the penal codes? If you lived in the latter part of Temmu's reign and you did violate one of the rules mentioned above, or one of the many others at play, what would happen to you, and how did that vary based on your place in society? Unfortunately, most of what we get on this is kind of bare bones.  We often see the punishment, but not t he crime.  We are just told that someone was found guilty, or condemned.  Take, for example, the Buddhist Priest, Fukuyou, of Asukadera, who was condemned and thrown into prison.  We aren't told what he did to deserve confinement, but it wouldn't last long.  Apparently Fukuyou cut his own throat, ending his life, rather than face other consequences or live with the shame of whatever crime he had committed. By the way, the term "prison" here is interesting.  We certainly see people being imprisoned in some way, shape, or form—locked up and unable to freely travel.  That isn't exactly the same, however, as a prison complex or system.  There may have been buildings used a jail—a temporary holding facility while the actual punishment was determined.  And we also see the equivalent of house arrest.  Later, there would be formal "prisons" set up for the detention of individuals, who were often then forced to labor as part of their punishment.  However, they had many other forms of punishment, many of which required much fewer staff.  After all, a prison requires that you have guards constantly watching the prisoners to make sure nothing gets out of hand.  Instead, you could just exile them to an island or even just another province, with a lot less manpower. A less drastic punishment was handed out back in the 4th month of 675, when we are told that Tahema no Kimi no Hiromaro and Kunu no Omi no Maro were both forbidden from attending the court—for what purpose we aren't immediately told.  However, six days later, Kunu no Maro was held accountable for offering resistance to a royal messenger—maybe the one who communicated that he was banished from the court.  As a punishment, he was stripped of all of his offices and dignities.  Both Tahema no Hiromaro and Kunu no Maro appear to have been pardoned at a later date, though we aren't sure when.  It could have been one of the various general amnesties—and we'll talk about that in a moment.  Hiromaro passed away in 685, but he was provided a posthumous promotion in rank and is noted for his efforts supporting Ohoama during the Jinshin no Ran.  Meanwhile, Kunu no Maro—also known as Abe no Kunu no Maro is seen delivering a eulogy in 686.  Perhaps somewhat ironically, he did so on behalf of the Office of Punishments—later the Keimu-shou, or Ministry of Punishment.  These actions certainly seem to be at odds with them being punished, let alone banished from the court. We also see an example where  Prince Womi, who was of the 3rd princely ranks—even higher than Prince Kurikuma, whom we discussed last episode—was guilty of some kind of offense and banished to Inaba.  One of his children was also banished to Izushima and the other to Chikashima.  Aston suggests that this means Ohoshima and Chikashima may be in Hizen.  Again, very little to go on as to what was happening, though it seems that all three were punished together and sent away from each other, perhaps so that they could not plot or scheme together.  Later amnesties would probably have resulted in pardons for them.   Speaking of pardons—the punishments that we are speaking about all appear to be permanent, other than imprisonment, which may have been more of a temporary situation.  It wasn't like being sent away for so many years.  However, on the other side of the coin was the option for a pardon or amnesty.  While I imagine that the sovereign could always provide a pardon directly, we more regularly see general amnesties declared, sometimes with very specific guidelines. One of the most illuminating such instances, and possibly where Kunu no Maro and Tahema no Hiromaro were pardoned, came in the 7th month of 676.  That month the court issued a general amnesty, likely to increase the merit accrued to the State through an act of mercy and forgiveness, given the drought and famine that had been reported earlier that summer.  Perhaps paradoxically, this act of leniency gives us an interesting view into the types of punishments that were made, as well as how severe each was considered.    The amnesty mitigated all sentences of death, enforced servitude, or the three classes of banishment, and they would all be mitigated by one degree.  So anyone sentenced to death would instead just become enslaved.  Those who were sentenced to enslavement would be banished to a distant province.  Those banished to a distant province would only be banished to a province at a medium distance.  Banishment to a medium province would be downgraded to a nearer province.  And Banishment to a nearer province would be downgraded to banishment—or removal—to a place in the same province.  For anyone who committed a crime for which they would be removed to a place in the same province—or for any lesser crime—would be completely pardoned, whether or not the crime was actually known.  So you couldn't be held responsible, retroactively. This gives us a kind of hierarchy to use as far as the kinds of punishment that might be handed out.  Of course, there are also a few others, which I generally assume were considered lesser.  For instance: banishment from the court, or being stripped of government rank, that sort of thing. There was a caveat that this amnesty would not apply to those who had already left for their place of banishment—nor, obviously, to those who had already been executed.  So if you had already settled in to your new life, this amnesty didn't exactly matter.  This could be where Tahema no Hiromaro and Kunu no Maro were pardoned and thus allowed to find their way back into the court's good graces.  On the other hand, others probably wish that this amnesty happened a bit later—one month later, to be exact.  We are told that Prince Yagaki, the current viceroy of the Dazaifu, was accused of some offense and banished to Tosa, in Shikoku.  As usual, the record does not feel the need to tell us what the offense was or try to justify it anyway.   This is all well and good, but what exactly did the justice system look like?  How were criminals accused, and how would they investigate and prove your guilt?  In the 11th month of 682, we see a rather detailed description of how trials and punishment were to be carried out.  For any offense against the law, whether it was in the palace or the court, it would be immediately examined, and nobody was allowed to conceal information about it.  If the offense was grave enough, then the next step would depend on the rank of the individual.  For individuals of high birth, their guilt would be reported to the court, presumably for whatever punishment they deemed appropriate from there.  For others, they would be arrested.  If they resisted arrest, then the palace guards would be sent after them.  A typical punishment was flogging, which was not to go beyond 100 blows.  Finally, if the individual were clearly guilty, but yet continued to profess their innocence, then that would be considered perjury and added to their sentence. It should be noted that in East Asia at this time, there was no concept of innocent until proven guilty.  If you were accused of a crime, then it was up to you to prove that you were innocent.  It was not uncommon for an arrest to occur, and then for the authorities to then torture a confession out of the individual.  Since they already had assumed the individual's guilt, this was just meant to get them to admit it.  Even into modern times, Japan has had a high conviction rate, but there are accusations that this is simply because of the presence of coerced confessions.  A coerced confession helps to demonstrate that the system is correct, and working as designed, whilst protestations of innocence call into question the validity of the system. There is another type of guilt and punishment—and leniency, for that matter—mentioned in the 6th month of 677: We are told that the Yamato no Aya no Atahe were considered guilty of the "seven misdemeanors", which seems like it is more an indictment of their moral failings rather than any kind of direct criminal behavior.  Furthermore, they were accused of pushing back against the rightful sovereigns from the time of Kashikiya Hime down to the time of the Afumi court.  This would seem to indicate that they had been supporting the Soga and the Afumi court, but if so, I wouldn't say that the Chronicles help to clarify it in any way.  Perhaps they just were willful and not showing the right amount of loyalty to the throne.  Whatever they did, Ohoama was none too pleased, but he also didn't want to completely destroy the uji.  Instead, as a compromise, he offered them clemency for any past actions, pardoning them, but also claiming that if they stepped out of line again, then their offense would be unpardonable.  This whole entry is a vibe.  It is less of a punishment and more of a sword of Damocles being set up above them. Several years later, in 682, we see the Yamato no Aya being granted the title of Muraji.  In consequence of the appointment, the entire household—all the men and women alike, presented themselves to the court.  They rejoiced and praised Ohoama, thanking him for raising them in status.  This doesn't feel like a normal entry—it isn't like every family was coming into court and giving thanks every time that a promotion was handed out.  This feels like classic "kissing the ring" to get back into good graces with someone who was, effectively, an autocratic ruler.  While there was a bureaucracy, based on everything we've seen Ohoama had bent it largely to his will by appointing family members and other members of the elite princely class—those with at least nominal familial connections—to positions of power and authority.   And with that, I think we will bring this episode to a close.  Next episode we'll finish out this reign with a few projects and various other miscellaneous events. Until then if you like what we are doing, please tell your friends and feel free to rate us wherever you listen to podcasts.  If you feel the need to do more, and want to help us keep this going, we have information about how you can donate on Patreon or through our KoFi site, ko-fi.com/sengokudaimyo, or find the links over at our main website,  SengokuDaimyo.com/Podcast, where we will have some more discussion on topics from this episode. Also, feel free to reach out to our Sengoku Daimyo Facebook page.  You can also email us at the.sengoku.daimyo@gmail.com.  Thank you, also, to Ellen for their work editing the podcast. And that's all for now.  Thank you again, and I'll see you next episode on Sengoku Daimyo's Chronicles of Japan.  

Menú de la Semana: Noticias: Bam, Atlanta, Dwight Howard, Doncic, Brown y mucho más El Termómetro: Repasamos los equipos y jugadores más destacados de cada conferencia Píldora NBA: Bingo Smith por el maestro Ángel Castillo Comentarios de los Oyentes y más: Pasamos por nuestra página de Facebook, los comentarios de Ivoox, Twitter, iTunes, Skype y comentarios@raciondenba.com Incluye una carta a la NBA por Fernando Ruiz Más información en raciondenba.com. Ración de NBA es un programa que trata el baloncesto NBA en español poniendo énfasis en los jugadores hispanos. Nuestra web: raciondenba.com . Mandar preguntas/comentarios: comentarios@raciondenba.com. Dejadnos un mensaje de voz en Skype: Racion de NBA. Publicamos avisos por Twitter al publicar los episodios para que sepáis cuando podéis ir a descargarlos: - Twitter - Chechu: @astrochechu - Twitter - Javier: @Racion_de_NBA_J Música: Ración de NBA - Limit de Folio en Blanco  Black Samba - Juanitos   http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Juanitos/Soul_Africa/03_-_Black_Samba  Owl Time - Kellee Maize http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Kellee_Maize/Owl_Time/03__Kellee_Maize__Owl_Time__Owl_Time__FROSTWIRECOM_FROSTCLICKCOM__CREATIVE_COMMONS_1846 Go West Young Man - Extracto de The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance Requiem for a Fish - The Freak Fandango Orchestra http://freemusicarchive.org/music/The_Freak_Fandango_Orchestra/Tales_Of_A_Dead_Fish/Requiem_for_a_Fish_1403 slow dance - Julie & Gent https://www.jamendo.com/track/1552411/slow-dance Waitin´ - Betsy Olson - https://freemusicarchive.org/music/Betsy_Olson/Betsy_Olson_-_Live__KEXP_1142009/Waitin_1139/ 

This last year for me has been crazy. Maybe you can relate.You can find a transcript of this video and over 900 more devotions like this one on our website at PeaceDevotions.com.If you find value from these devotions we'd encourage you to support our ministry. You can support us by praying for our pastors, sharing and commenting on our videos, or by donating at https://peacedevotions.com/donateConnect with us on social media, our website, or get these emailed to your inbox.Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PeaceDevotions/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/peace_devotions/YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2pFo5lJV46gKmztGwnT3vAWebsite: https://peacedevotions.com/Email List: https://peacedevotions.com/emailYou can also add Peace Devotions to your Flash Briefing on Amazon Echo Devices.https://peacedevotions.com/echo/

Tous les dimanches à minuit, Daniel Riolo propose une heure de show en direct avec Moundir Zoughari pour les passionnés de poker. Conseils d'un joueur professionnel, actualité, tournois... Votre rendez-vous poker, sur RMC !

On this Day 7 update from the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, the field continues moving along the Yukon River as the race begins transitioning toward the coast. Jessie Holmes continues his strong performance on the trail, winning the Bristol Bay Native Corporation Fish First Award after arriving in Kaltag with 13 dogs in harness. The episode breaks down the current leaderboard, with the top teams spread across dozens of miles of trail while the back of the pack continues to make its way through the Yukon checkpoints.The show also highlights rookie musher Jody Potts-Joseph, a Han Gwich'in musher from Eagle Village whose journey to the Iditarod is deeply connected to family, cultural tradition, and life along the Yukon River. Listeners also hear another segment of Moment in Mushing History, revisiting Susan Butcher's historic third straight Iditarod victory in 1988 and reflecting on how the race has evolved over the decades.Support our WorkLike this episode? Share it with your mushing friends!Love the show? Subscribe, rate, review, and shareSign up for our Newsletter HEREJoin the On-Air Media Coaching waitlist for a chance to get coached on the air by Rober and get your podcast questions answered in real time.Apply now to the Team and Trail Foundation funding page and get support to turn your outdoor, education, or community project into a real impact.Apply for the Mushing® Media Accelerator and get deeper support and expert guidance tailored to your specific sponsorship and media goals. Email us at podcast@mushing.comFollow Mushing® for more muhsing news, insights, and more: Facebook | X | InstagramYou can contact us here: Podcast@mushing.com © 2010-2026 by Mushing® All Rights Reserved

I compared Fish Fertilizer with Miracle-Gro. The results will change the way you fertilize seedlings and houseplants.

Chef Brian “Danny Minnie” O' Domhnaill is on hand today to give our home cooking a restaurant level polish. He talks Brendan through recipes, as gaeilge, for salmon in grapes, sea trout with crab sauce and easy fish cakes with a wild garlic mayo.

Sing us your pet songs - Send us your fish fry Friday suggesting - Say Something Nice about someone or something good going on in your life -- Click the little mic on the iHeartRadio App and send us a talkback messageSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Welcome to Roam Fish Powered by Naughty Nymph Co Host: Tony Fellows Guest: Eric (Skeeter) Beckman On this episode of Roam Fish, Tony and Skeeter do a Shallow Dive Into Walleyes. Walleyes are an abundant fish that provide a plethora of sport fishing opportunities, table fair, and can be found across many bodies of water. Key Topics: Walleye fishing techniques and gear Seasonal and water condition strategies Tournament and spearing insights Connect with the Hosts/Guests Skeeter – Experience Wild Tony Fellows - Instagram Resources/Links Roam Syndicate Vitalize Seed Ina Store Deer Hunter Synthetics Wildlife Legends Taxidermy Find It Fred Mac's Rustic Sport Shop Experiencewild10 at Brenton USA for 10% off online Keep learning, keep pushing, and get outside! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Hi friends and happy friday!!! Thank you so much for yapping with me and I hope you have the best weekend! :) Write In Your Questions/Stories: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1Po-xXACQPyiFYy4UP9ctxg7UAOh1bFoUnG65hAz5GRM/preview

Dr. Jim Jacobi has spent the past 50 years in Hawaiʻi as a biologist specializing in mapping Hawai'i's unique ecosystems and studying the plants and animals contained within them. Like so many of his cohort, he is a skilled naturalist, having worked on introduced rats, native insects first for the Bishop Museum and then mapping vegetation and management research projects for the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center of the US Geological Survey in Volcano. We talk to Jim about the evolution of tracking changes in vegetation by hand from aerial photos to the use of computer mapping and modelling. He shares with us the unique experiences heʻs had across the rugged U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service transects that traverse mountainous summits to sea, as well as the profound sorrow in witnessing the last Hawaiian honeycreeper in the wild, the Kauaʻi oʻo.

It's our 150th episode, and we'd like to say a huge THANK YOU to everyone who has been listening and supporting us all these years. We just love getting to do this and the fun definitely keeps going in this episode. We begin by discussing Rachel's recent visit to see Sam in San Diego. Fish tacos, sunsets, and cocktails were enjoyed, all whilst listening and discussing Taylor Swift together. Rachel shares her recent experience listening to an Alanis Morissette cover band and how Alanis is recognized as “The Taylor Swift of her generation!” This conversation had us discussing the power of songs and artists that feature scream-singing, Taylor naturally being a part of that. We get a little sporty when discussing the possibility of Travis playing another season in the NFL and what that might look like for Taylor this fall. Our new shit brought Harry Styles back into the chat, and a first ever artist named Sam! Guess which sib chose which one to bring up.Better Than Revenge is undeniable Taylor Swift's most rock and roll song, which Rachel and Sam both agreed is thanks in part to the era and the music Taylor was listening to circa 2010. The lyric change in this song was a big source of conversation for the sibs! And we'd love to hear your thoughts on which version of the song is better!​Share with us your thoughts on today's episode by sending an email to swiftandswigspodcast@gmail.com.​Leave us a written review on the Apple Podcasts app!​Follow and rate our podcast on Spotify! ​Check out our "new shit" playlist on Spotify: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/playlist/5LOn9LRJ8lnvnCbpl6fKVG?si=68ca3032d3aa470b⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Show Notes & Links (Stories + Sources) Catalina Island mule deer eradication lawsuit CRPA blog: “CRPA & Allies Sue To Stop Mule Deer Eradication” The Outdoor Wire release: “Coalition Files Lawsuit Challenging Approval…” Western Outdoor News coverage LA County Counsel opposition statement/letter (Supervisor Hahn site) Catalina Islander: county asks state to halt plan Colorado HB26-1323 (beavers / public land) Colorado General Assembly bill page Introduced bill PDF Colorado Sun explainer/article LegiScan bill summary/tracking Arizona HB2158 (“predatory animals” definition) Arizona Legislature bill text (“H Ver”) Floor amendment explanation (wolves removed) Arizona Mirror coverage Tucson Sentinel coverage Chuckwalla National Monument litigation Earthjustice press release on intervention Congress/public lands protections debate Stateline reporting Poaching case concluded (Kentucky) Advocate-Messenger piece Kentucky Dept. of Fish & Wildlife post Federal CWD docket Regulations.gov: “Control of Chronic Wasting Disease” (Context) Michigan CWD detection report Hunting Stories Links⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Want to be a guest?⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

New episode of Finding Demo Surf Fishing is live.Buck Bishop, better known as the Salty Leprechaun, is back on the show and this one goes deeper than just fishing.After stepping away from social media, guiding, and content for a while, Buck talks openly about burnout, mental health, and why sometimes the best move you can make for something you love is to step back and reset.We talk about the pressure that can come from turning fishing into work, finding balance again, and what brought the fire back for him this season.If you've ever felt burned out chasing something you care about, this conversation will probably resonate.Listen here:Audio: https://share.transistor.fm/s/488fc622 Video: https://www.youtube.com/@findingdemosurffishingSocial to follow:Website: https://saltyleprechaun.comFB: https://www.facebook.com/TheSaltyLeprechaunIG: https://www.instagram.com/saltyleprechaunsurffishingYT: https://www.youtube.com/@saltyleprechaunsurffishing5956/videosThis Episode Is Sponsored By:  Ninja Tackle: Ninja Dagger, 7' Travel Rod, Bummy Stick, Akios reels, rigs, bait, and firearm accessories (optics, Glock parts, attachments, and more) Bait Check:  DS Custom Tackle: Tackle Supply for all anglers.  Floats, rigs, jigs, bait, and moreBait Check:  Kids Can Fish Foundation: Kids Can Fish is a state and federally-recognized 501(c)(3) charitable foundation.  Their mission is to teach kids fishing fundamentals and, most importantly, HAVE FUN!!   Theme Song Dirty Rock by Twisterium

FRIDAY HR 5 The K.O.D. - His Highness and Tuna Tim make an arugment about the order of the wrestling match. New Song from Tuna Tim! Monster Messages & Hot Takes Monster BOTW - Charles from Port 27 Brewing See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

FRIDAY HR 5 The K.O.D. - His Highness and Tuna Tim make an arugment about the order of the wrestling match. New Song from Tuna Tim! Monster Messages & Hot Takes Monster BOTW - Charles from Port 27 Brewing See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Fish sammie make my pussy pop. Smelly smells. Qtip sex. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Fish for Breakfast | Is Newly-Signed #Cowboys CB Cobie Durant a Starter?   ✭ Cowboys Roundtable - https://www.CowboysRoundtable.com   ✭ FISHSPORTS Substack - https://mikefishernfl.substack.com/   ✭ STRAIGHT DOPE. NO BULLSH. ✭   ✭ Fish Podcast - https://www.fanstreamsports.com/show/the-dallas-cowboys-fish-report/   ✭ PLEASE LIKE, SUBSCRIBE AND SHARE!   ✭ UNCLE FISH STORE - https://tinyurl.com/f82dh9sd   ✭ FISH Premium Club - https://www.youtube.com/c/MikeFisherDFW/community

Fish at 6 | Are The #COWBOYS REALLY a 'Draft-and-Develop' Team? HARD TRUTH   ✭ Cowboys Roundtable - https://www.CowboysRoundtable.com   ✭ FISHSPORTS Substack - https://mikefishernfl.substack.com/   ✭ STRAIGHT DOPE. NO BULLSH. ✭   ✭ Fish Podcast - https://www.fanstreamsports.com/show/the-dallas-cowboys-fish-report/   ✭ PLEASE LIKE, SUBSCRIBE AND SHARE!   ✭ UNCLE FISH STORE - https://tinyurl.com/f82dh9sd   ✭ FISH Premium Club - https://www.youtube.com/c/MikeFisherDFW/community

Have you ever wanted to talk to your son?  Like, really talk?  Life can come at them hard and fast in today's world.Chris was concerned about his son after cancer took his wife.  His son always said he was fine, but Chris wondered.On a campout with their troop, when all the rock-climbing and tower-building was complete, Chris and his son went to fish.  As the sun was setting and Canadian geese circled in to settle on the opposite side of the pond, Chris' son said simply, “Mom would have liked this.”Chris was quiet.  “I miss her,” his son said, then broke down in tears.  Chris dropped his rod and wrapped him up in a big hug, and they were able to talk– really talk. Make space to hear your son's heart.For more encouragement and parenting advice, visit Trail Life USA or RaisingGodlyBoys.com

Michael Kaye is the Head of Brand for Match Group's ARCHER and OkCupid, and leads communications for the company's Evergreen and Emerging portfolio, including The League, Match, and Plenty of Fish. He is also an adjunct instructor at Columbia University and New York University.

It's Pisces season and you know wthat that means, it's time to talk about FISH! This week we're not learning about a particualr fish, but instead discussion our favoirte fictional fish and breaking them down by what we think their High School superlative would be! Want to know who won biggest flirt? Most likely to be famous? Worst fish? You must listen to find out! 

Our host, Hilary Knight, speaks with Alex Costas of Bloomberg Connects about the nonprofit's history and mission – and how its free platform and dedicated support team help institutions and districts worldwide tell their own stories through thoughtful digital storytelling.External references: Bloomberg Connects: https://www.bloombergconnects.org/ Bloomberg Philanthropies Arts: https://www.bloomberg.org/arts/ Denver Art Museum on Bloomberg Connects: https://www.denverartmuseum.org/en/bloomberg-connects Museo de Arte Popular: https://www.map.cdmx.gob.mx/ Portland Japanese Garden: https://japanesegarden.org/visitvirtually/ About our guest:Alex Costas is the Global Head Recruitment, Onboarding & Relationship Management at Bloomberg Connects, the free arts and culture app that offers digital guides to hundreds of cultural organizations around the world. Prior to joining Bloomberg Connects, Alex worked with the City of New York at the New York City Economic Development Corporation and NYC Tourism & Conventions encouraging businesses and tourists to choose NYC. Alex is a native New Yorker, a resident of Brooklyn. + 

“Craig Carton and Chris McMonigle dive into one of the wildest cheating scandals in sports history! Curtis Lee Daniels tried to cheat a massive fishing tournament by stuffing fish with weights and smaller fish and now faces up to TEN YEARS in prison. Plus, we break down the controversial moments at Yankee Stadium, Mookie Betts, and jaw-dropping WBC insights.

What's the dumbest sport to cheat in? How about Fishing?

Fish for Breakfast Is Jerry Jones #NFL 's Free Agency's Biggest Loser?   ✭ Cowboys Roundtable - https://www.CowboysRoundtable.com   ✭ FISHSPORTS Substack - https://mikefishernfl.substack.com/   ✭ STRAIGHT DOPE. NO BULLSH. ✭   ✭ Fish Podcast - https://www.fanstreamsports.com/show/the-dallas-cowboys-fish-report/   ✭ PLEASE LIKE, SUBSCRIBE AND SHARE!   ✭ UNCLE FISH STORE - https://tinyurl.com/f82dh9sd   ✭ FISH Premium Club - https://www.youtube.com/c/MikeFisherDFW/community

Fish at 6 | #Cowboys Free Agency Scorecard: Who's Signed, Who's OUT   ✭ Cowboys Roundtable - https://www.CowboysRoundtable.com   ✭ FISHSPORTS Substack - https://mikefishernfl.substack.com/   ✭ STRAIGHT DOPE. NO BULLSH. ✭   ✭ Fish Podcast - https://www.fanstreamsports.com/show/the-dallas-cowboys-fish-report/   ✭ PLEASE LIKE, SUBSCRIBE AND SHARE!   ✭ UNCLE FISH STORE - https://tinyurl.com/f82dh9sd   ✭ FISH Premium Club - https://www.youtube.com/c/MikeFisherDFW/community

When federal agents first meet with Carlos Rafael, the fishing mogul offers up a tantalizing clue: a special system for ‘painting fish.' It's the key to understanding the entire fraud, and why Carlos is the only one who could pull it off.Major sponsorship for "Catching The Codfather" is provided by Roger's Fish Co.---------------------------Credits:Host and Scriptwriter: Ian CossExecutive Producer: Devin Maverick RobinsProducers: Isabel Hibbard and Ian CossStory Editor: Lacy RobertsEditorial Advisor: Jenifer McKimFact-checkers: Ryan Alderman and Isabel HibbardIntern: Fiona Boyd Scoring and Music Supervision: Ian CossGraphic Design: Bill Miller

A study reveals how the asexual Amazon molly defies evolutionary expectations — plus, evidence of what may be powering superluminous supernovae.In this episode:00:46 Unravelling the genetics of an asexual fish that should be extinctResearch Article: Ricemeyer et al.News and Views: How an all-female fish species defies evolutionary expectations10:19 Research HighlightsNature: ​​​​​​​Jam-packed star system is most compact of its kind ever foundNature: ​​​​​​​Peanut-processing microbes ward off dangerous allergic shock11:31 How a superluminous supernova got so brightResearch Article : ​​​​​​​Farah et al.News and Views: ​​​​​​​Ultra-bright supernova wobbles like a spinning topSubscribe to Nature Briefing, an unmissable daily round-up of science news, opinion and analysis free in your inbox every weekday: https://www.nature.com/briefing/signup Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

In this special “Fish Outta Water” edition of Unfiltered Waters, Katie sits down with a group of elite swimmers to talk about something other than swimming. Recorded during the USA Swimming Pro Swim Series in Austin, this episode highlights the passions, hobbies, and talents that these athletes pursue outside the pool. From Carson Foster embracing life as a devoted dog dad, to Matt King designing and handcrafting luxury leather bags, Luke Hobson chasing trophy bass on the water, and Becca Mann building a career as a published author, the conversations reveal the creative, curious, and human sides of athletes we usually only see behind the blocks. It's a reminder that the best performers aren't defined by a single pursuit—and that having passions beyond sport can make athletes stronger, more balanced, and more fulfilled both in and out of the water.-----Subscribe to the show on your favorite podcast platform, and follow us on social media (https://linktr.ee/unfilteredwaters) for clips, bonus content, and updates throughout the week.-----FOLLOW KATIE ON:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kthoff7/-----FOLLOW MISSY ON:Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/missyfranklin88/-----SUPPORT OUR SPONSORSIM8health.com/discount/unfiltered for 10% offdreamrecovery.io use code UNFILTEREDTHIRTY for 30% off-----#UnfilteredWaters #FishOuttaWater #Swimming

How do you cheat in fishing? You either catch the fish or you don't, right? Well, Curtis Lee Daniels did and is the star of our Setting the Bar story. Source: https://www.whiskeyriff.com/2026/03/10/cheating-angler-charged-with-felony-for-stuffing-weights-into-bass-at-texas-fishing-tournament/

This episode explores vocabulary related to appetite (apetyt), food (jedzenie), kitchen routines (rutyny kuchenne), and daily life (codzienne życie) in Polish. We dive into how to discuss hunger, meals, cooking, Netflix habits, and maintaining energy – all in practical, everyday Polish.   Welcome to the Learn Polish Podcast – your immersive gateway to mastering Polish through real conversations, cultural insights, and practical everyday language. Each episode blends authentic Polish dialogue with clear English explanations, helping you build vocabulary naturally while exploring Polish food culture, daily routines, and lifestyle topics. Whether you're a complete beginner or advancing your skills, join us as we make learning Polish engaging, practical, and fun. From appetite (apetyt) to kitchen vocabulary (słownictwo kuchenne), we cover the phrases you actually need for everyday life. Find more episodes, lesson materials, and resources at www.learnpolishpodcast.com. You can also find us on YouTube, Spotify, and Rumble. Looking for virtual assistance, websites, social media, AI agents, or apps? Visit va.world. Need lessons in Polish or Spanish? Check the links in the show notes for both audio and video content.   English Polish Pronunciation Example Usage Appetite Apetyt ah-PEH-tit Mam apetyt. (I have an appetite.) Hunger Głód gwoot Jestem głodny. (I'm hungry.) Food Jedzenie yeh-DZEN-yeh Lubię jedzenie. (I like food.) Meal Posiłek po-SHEE-wek Trzy posiłki dziennie. (Three meals a day.) Breakfast Śniadanie shnya-DAH-nyeh Śniadanie jest ważne. (Breakfast is important.) Lunch Obiad OB-yad Obiad o dwunastej. (Lunch at twelve.) Dinner Kolacja / Obiad ko-LA-tsya / OB-yad Kolacja o siódmej. (Dinner at seven.) Snack Przekąska psheh-KON-ska Lekka przekąska. (A light snack.) Kitchen Kuchnia KOOKH-nya W kuchni. (In the kitchen.) Cook Gotować go-TO-vach Lubię gotować. (I like to cook.) Eating Jedzenie yeh-DZEN-yeh Jedzenie przy stole. (Eating at the table.) Full Pełny / Najedzony PEW-nih / nah-yeh-DZO-nih Jestem pełny. (I'm full.) Empty Pusty POO-stih Pusty talerz. (Empty plate.) Plate Talerz TAH-lehsh Talerz zupy. (Plate of soup.) Bowl Miska MEE-skah Miska zbożu. (Bowl of cereal.) Cup Filiżanka / Kubek fee-lee-ZHAN-kah / KOO-bek Kubek kawy. (A cup of coffee.) Glass Szklanka SHKLAN-kah Szklanka wody. (A glass of water.) Water Woda VO-dah Woda mineralna. (Mineral water.) Coffee Kawa KAH-vah Czarna kawa. (Black coffee.) Tea Herbata her-BAH-tah Herbata z cytryną. (Tea with lemon.) Juice Sok sok Sok pomarańczowy. (Orange juice.) Bread Chleb hlep Świeży chleb. (Fresh bread.) Butter Masło MAH-swo Masło na chlebie. (Butter on bread.) Cheese Ser ser Ser żółty. (Yellow cheese.) Meat Mięso MYEN-so Mięso z warzywami. (Meat with vegetables.) Fish Ryba RIH-bah Ryba na obiad. (Fish for lunch.) Vegetables Warzywa vah-ZIH-vah Świeże warzywa. (Fresh vegetables.) Fruit Owoce OH-vo-tseh Owoce sezonowe. (Seasonal fruits.) Salad Sałatka sah-WAT-kah Sałatka z pomidorów. (Tomato salad.) Soup Zupa ZOO-pah Zupa pomidorowa. (Tomato soup.) Dessert Deser DEH-ser Deser po obiedzie. (Dessert after lunch.) Sweet Słodki SWOOD-kee Słodki deser. (Sweet dessert.) Salty Słony SWO-nih Słone przekąski. (Salty snacks.) Spicy Pikantny pee-KANT-nih Pikantne danie. (Spicy dish.) Hot (temperature) Gorący go-RON-tsih Gorąca kawa. (Hot coffee.) Cold Zimny ZEEM-nih Zimne piwo. (Cold beer.) Fresh Świeży SHFYEH-zhih Świeże produkty. (Fresh products.) Delicious Pyszny PISH-nih Pyszne jedzenie. (Delicious food.) Disgusting Obrzydliwy ob-zhid-LEE-vih Obrzydliwy smak. (Disgusting taste.) Netflix Netflix NET-flix Oglądam Netflix. (I watch Netflix.) Series Serial SEH-ryahl Serial na Netflixie. (Series on Netflix.) Episode Odcinek od-CHEE-nek Nowy odcinek. (New episode.) Watch Oglądać og-WON-dach Oglądać film. (To watch a movie.) Relax Relaksować się re-lak-SO-vach sheh Czas na relaks. (Time to relax.) Couch Kanapa / Sofa kah-NAH-pah / SO-fah Leżeć na kanapie. (Lying on the couch.) Energy Energia eh-ner-GHEE-ah Brak energii. (Lack of energy.) Tired Zmęczony zmen-CHOH-nih Jestem zmęczony. (I'm tired.) Sleep Sen sen Idę spać. (I'm going to sleep.) Wake up Budzić się BOO-dzeech sheh Budzę się wcześnie. (I wake up early.) Morning Poranek / Rano po-RAH-nek / RAH-no Wczesny poranek. (Early morning.) Evening Wieczór VYEH-choor Wieczór przed telewizorem. (Evening in front of TV.) Night Noc nots W nocy. (At night.) Day Dzień dzyen Cały dzień. (All day.) Time Czas chas Czas na obiad. (Time for lunch.) Habit Nawyk NAH-vik Dobry nawyk. (Good habit.) Routine Rutyna roo-TIH-nah Codzienna rutyna. (Daily routine.) Process Proces PRO-tses Proces gotowania. (Cooking process.) System System SIS-tem System jedzenia. (Eating system.) Positive Pozytywny po-zi-TIV-nih Pozytywne nawyki. (Positive habits.) Negative Negatywny ne-ga-TIV-nih Negatywne skutki. (Negative effects.) Important Ważny VAZH-nih Ważny posiłek. (Important meal.) Problem Problem PRO-blem Problem z apetytem. (Problem with appetite.) Solution Rozwiązanie roz-vy-ZA-nyeh Rozwiązanie problemu. (Solution to the problem.) Change Zmiana ZMYAH-nah Zmiana nawyków. (Change of habits.) Start Start / Zacząć start / ZAH-chonch Zacznij od śniadania. (Start with breakfast.) Stop Stop / Przestać stop / PSHEH-stach Przestań jeść. (Stop eating.) Continue Kontynuować kon-ty-nu-O-vach Kontynuować dietę. (Continue the diet.) Skip Pominąć / Ominąć po-MEE-noch / o-MEE-noch Pominąć posiłek. (Skip a meal.) Healthy Zdrowy ZDRO-vih Zdrowe jedzenie. (Healthy food.) Unhealthy Niezdrowy nyeh-ZDRO-vih Niezdrowe nawyki. (Unhealthy habits.) Diet Dieta dyeh-TAH Być na diecie. (To be on a diet.) Weight Waga VAH-gah Kontrola wagi. (Weight control.) Gain weight Przytyć pshee-TIH Chcę przytyć. (I want to gain weight.) Lose weight Schudnąć SKHOOD-noch Chcę schudnąć. (I want to lose weight.) Exercise Ćwiczenia chvee-CHEH-nya Ćwiczenia codziennie. (Exercise every day.) Gym Siłownia / Fitness see-woov-NYAH / FIT-nes Chodzić na siłownię. (Go to the gym.) Sport Sport sport Sport i zdrowie. (Sport and health.) Walk Spacer SPAH-tser Spacer po obiedzie. (Walk after lunch.) Run Biegać BYEH-gach Biegać rano. (Run in the morning.) Swim Pływać PWIH-vach Pływać w basenie. (Swim in the pool.) Bike Jeździć na rowerze YEZH-dzeech nah RO-veh-zeh Jeździć na rowerze. (Ride a bike.)  

Grizz lost to the Nets but at least we got a cool GG dunk + Fish had his halftime interview flipped on him (3:00). Thunder/Nuggets had another classic, Lou Dort took another dirty shot at Nikola Jokic and SGA had his MVP moment (39:50). Conference Tournaments are underway (26:33). Magic City night was canceled in Atlanta and we share our thoughts on it (39:50). College Basketball Wise Guy Alan Boston joins the show to give us his thoughts on a few of the smaller schools to punch their tickets to the NCAA Tournament including Furman, North Dakota St., Queens, Tennessee State + his thoughts on Santa Clara (1:00:28)Host: Chris VernonContributors: Jon Roser, Devin WalkerGuest: Alan BostonTechnical Director: Jaylon WallaceAssociate Producer: Jena Broyles

This episode was originally published on August 19th, 2021. This week's podcast guest is especially exciting to me as he is one of my literary heroes. John McPhee [24:10] is a Pulitzer Prize-winning author (Annals of the Former World), and in his numerous other books he has written about such diverse topics as nuclear energy, the merchant marine, basketball, Alaska, bark canoes, oranges, continental drift, flood control, tennis, farmer's markets, and many other eclectic topics. Whether or not you are interested in a subject, you can be sure you will be when you finish reading one of his books you will be fascinated. John has also been a staff writer for The New Yorker since the 1960s. In our interview, he talks about his two favorite fish to catch on the fly rod--the American shad (which he wrote an entire book about, The Founding Fish), and the chain pickerel, which he did not write a book about but did pen a short essay on in his collection of stories The Patch. (I doubt is anyone in the world who would count those two fish in combination as their favorites--but he is never conventional.) I hope you enjoy the interview as much as I enjoyed talking to him. In the Fly Box this week, we have some great questions and tips: A reminder from a listener that I wrote an encyclopedia of fly fishing. Some great tips from a listener on using tippet rings. A question about what constitutes a watershed when concerned about transporting aquatic invasives. A suggestion from a listener on ways to offset your carbon footprint when taking fishing trips.  Which is a better rod for fishing the surf and jetties--a traditional 9-foot 9-weight rod or a two-handed rod? Do you always recommend using a net? A listener calls me on the carpet for my flippant remark about manhandling carp. A great thought from a listener that sometimes taking photos of fish hinders the moment.

The tinned fish movement has finally crossed our desks and Paige takes an unexpected stand for the Hannahs of the world.Special thanks to Gatorade Lower Sugar for supporting this episode! #GatoradePartner Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.