Podcasts about Alanine

TIME STAMPS: 00:42 Dr. Abs is from HARLEY STREET, LONDON. Cosmetic & Longevity Medicine Clinical Trainer, Lecturer, Speaker, & Author  IG is @ doctor.abs  YOUTUBE channel is Dr. Abs 02:42 “If you hate what you're doing, you'll never be any good!” How to make your nutrition journey fun and exciting. 06:32 Phill (N Hamton, UK) questions around troubleshooting SKIN DRYNESS and rashes that won't go away even after going Carnivore; dietary and topical recommendations. 11:01 Review of Fierce Nature Tallow Balm (UK) - loaded with vitamins A, D & K!  and how to troubleshoot skin dryness. US listeners check out PURELY TALLOW ANIMAL BASED SKINCARE: Save 10% with code COLT10!  12:20 SQUALENE OIL for preventing water from evaporating from your skin and alleviate symptoms of ECZEMA & other skin conditions.  16:27 Justin Weisner - BOXER from New York City: EXOGENOUS KETONES vs WHITE RICE (30g) pre workout? 17:27 Why “the ideal pre workout doesn't exist” if you're following a species-appropriate diet! 23:32 How to use KETO MOJO, BIOSENSE and other ketone testing devices. 32:02 Can you LOWER YOUR BODY'S NATURAL preferred body fat percentage by making dietary lifestyle changes? 35:02 How to determine whether TRACKING MACROS or INTUITIVE EATING is a more effective strategy for you to lose weight. 40:04 Davina, from Ireland - what a BEGINNER HOME WORKOUT SPLIT should look like once you've established foundational lifestyle habits and have established a healthy routine around how to eat. 44:23 Dietary changes to consider when beginning a strength training program. 51:00 Burning fat POST C SECTION. 54:03 Ashley Dunbar - are thoughts on RAW DAIRY vs PROCESSED DAIRY and prioritizing LCFA's in the evening and STFA's earlier in the day since she's eating 2MAD + coffee/cream? 58:43 RAW LIVER = NATURE'S MULTIVITAMIN! Is it okay to eat it every day and should anyone be worried about overdosing vitamin A?  01:04:02 Taylor Shuey  (IG: tshuey) - “What happens when you combine eating LONG SHORT and MEDIUM fatty acids at the same time?” 01:07:17 THIS WEEK'S LISTENER INSPIRING SUCCESS STORY -  Rusty Lamb - New York City IG: rustybbqlamb 01:11:18 Calling out yet another BAD ONLINE COACH teaching to avoid eating red meat. 01:13:32 Danielle Fischer - WNBF pro - peaking using Richard Smith's “triple refeed” as I call it: 01:20:11 Refeeding & filling out on LONG CHAIN FATTY ACIDS; the difference between LONG, MEDIUM, SHORT fatty acids and EXOGENOUS KETONES in terms of fat for fuel. 01:22:39 A thorough review and analysis of TRANS ALANYL GLUTAMINE by Metabolic Nutrition. 01:27:22 DIPEPTIDES and the purpose of bonding ALANINE to GLUTAMINE to enhance absorption and bioavailability. 01:29:32 GLUTAMINE and its power in combating TRAUMA and improving muscle recovery! 01:33:02 Thorough review & analysis of CREATINE GLYCEROL PHOSPHATE by Metabolic Nutrition, and how it's different from CREATINE HYDROCHLORIDE and CREATINE MONOHYDRATE; experiences and discussion around water retention as it pertains to MUSCLE CELLS and your SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER for optimal aesthetics and performance. 01:43:54 Thoughts on sipping on bone broth vs. aminos throughout the day to maximize recovery and intermittent fasting?! 01:46:35 Natural ways to improve the health and aesthetics of your TEETH through your diet and lifestyle. 01:54:42 Inspiring advice for YOUTUBE CONTENT CREATORS! 01:59:21 Where to follow Dr. Abs and all of his content, especially his NEW PODCAST!

Combat athletes, facing explosive bursts and grueling rounds, might find a friend in β-alanine. This amino acid, not a direct performance booster, fuels carnosine, a muscle buffer that fights fatigue. Studies suggest 4-6 grams daily for 4 weeks can improve performance in combat-like bursts (60-240 seconds), potentially boosting strength, power, work capacity, and even recovery. While more research is needed, β-alanine, timed with meals, could be a safe weapon in a combat athlete's arsenal, helping them push their limits and dominate the ring. #betaalanine #fightfatigue #CarnosinePower Fiandor, E. M., García, J. F., Busto, N., & Roche, E. (2023). β-Alanine Supplementation in Combat Sports: Evaluation of Sports Performance, Perception, and Anthropometric Parameters and Biochemical Markers—A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. Nutrients, 15(17), 3755. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173755 beta-alanine, combat sports, fatigue reduction, performance enhancement, carnosine, muscle buffer, strength, power, work capacity, recovery, combat athletes, amino acid, supplement, safety, dosage, timing, research, studies, benefits, drawbacks, effectiveness, scientific evidence, #betaalanine #fightfatigue #CarnosinePower --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/ralph-turchiano/support

Combat athletes, facing explosive bursts and grueling rounds, might find a friend in β-alanine. This amino acid, not a direct performance booster, fuels carnosine, a muscle buffer that fights fatigue. Studies suggest 4-6 grams daily for 4 weeks can improve performance in combat-like bursts (60-240 seconds), potentially boosting strength, power, work capacity, and even recovery. While more research is needed, β-alanine, timed with meals, could be a safe weapon in a combat athlete's arsenal, helping them push their limits and dominate the ring. #betaalanine #fightfatigue #CarnosinePower Fiandor, E. M., García, J. F., Busto, N., & Roche, E. (2023). β-Alanine Supplementation in Combat Sports: Evaluation of Sports Performance, Perception, and Anthropometric Parameters and Biochemical Markers—A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. Nutrients, 15(17), 3755. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173755 beta-alanine, combat sports, fatigue reduction, performance enhancement, carnosine, muscle buffer, strength, power, work capacity, recovery, combat athletes, amino acid, supplement, safety, dosage, timing, research, studies, benefits, drawbacks, effectiveness, scientific evidence, #betaalanine #fightfatigue #CarnosinePower --- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/ralph-turchiano/support

Objective: Determine the significance and clinical use of Alanine Aminotransferase in clinical practice   Lab Test Name: Alanine Aminotransferase – ALT   Description: Measures amount of ALT, an enzyme produced by the liver, present in circulation Found in: Most abundantly in liver Heart Skeletal muscle kidney Increases in lab values indicate liver disease or liver damage   Indications: Evaluation of ALT: Progression of liver disease Monitoring response to treatment   Normal Therapeutic Values: Normal – 40-130 U/L Collection:  Plasma separator tube   What would cause increased levels? INCREASED:  Cirrhosis Muscle damage Preeclampsia Biliary tract obstruction Burns Pancreatitis Long-term alcohol abuse Liver Cancer Muscular dystrophy MI Myositis Shock Infection-mononucleosis   What would cause decreased levels? DECREASED: Pyridoxal phosphate deficiency A rare genetic metabolic disorder

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2022.10.05.509883v1?rss=1 Authors: Reimann, R. R., Puzio, M., Rosati, A., Emmenegger, M., Schneider, B. L., Valdes, P., Huang, D., Caflisch, A., Aguzzi, A. Abstract: The cellular prion protein PrPC mediates the neurotoxicity of prions and other protein aggregates through poorly understood mechanisms. Antibody-derived ligands against the globular domain of PrPC (GDL) can also initiate neurotoxicity by inducing an intramolecular R208-H140 hydrogen bond (H-latch) between the alpha2-alpha2 and beta2-alpha2 loops of PrPC. Importantly, GDL that suppress the H-latch prolong the life of prion-infected mice, suggesting that GDL toxicity and prion infections exploit convergent pathways. To define the structural underpinnings of these phenomena, we transduced nineteen individual PrPC variants to PrPC-deficient cerebellar organotypic cultured slices using adenovirus-associated viral vectors (AAV). We report that GDL toxicity requires a single N-proximal cationic residue (K27 or R27) within PrPC. Alanine substitution of K27 also prevented the toxicity of PrPC mutants that induce Shmerling syndrome, a neurodegenerative disease that is suppressed by co-expression of wild-type PrPC. K27 may represent an actionable target for compounds aimed at preventing prion-related neurodegeneration. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info Podcast created by PaperPlayer

Lexman and his team of researchers at the AI Lab are hard at work trying to determine what caused the malfunction of one of their escolar machines. They are interrupted by an unwelcome visit from Dr. Pauldrons, who is there to deliver a report on the state of a new Gavotte machine that he has developed.

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Get a free nursing lab values cheat sheet at NURSING.com/63labs   Objective: Determine the significance and clinical use of Alanine Aminotransferase in clinical practice   Lab Test Name: Alanine Aminotransferase – ALT   Description: Measures amount of ALT, an enzyme produced by the liver, present in circulation Found in: Most abundantly in liver Heart Skeletal muscle kidney Increases in lab values indicate liver disease or liver damage   Indications: Evaluation of ALT: Progression of liver disease Monitoring response to treatment   Normal Therapeutic Values: Normal – 40-130 U/L Collection:  Plasma separator tube   What would cause increased levels? INCREASED:  Cirrhosis Muscle damage Preeclampsia Biliary tract obstruction Burns Pancreatitis Long-term alcohol abuse Liver Cancer Muscular dystrophy MI Myositis Shock Infection-mononucleosis   What would cause decreased levels? DECREASED: Pyridoxal phosphate deficiency A rare genetic metabolic disorder

NIOD Modulating Glucosides Facial SerumAt SkinStore: https://fxo.co/DNs0NIOD Modulating Glucosides Full Ingredients List:Aqua (Water), Squalane, Isodecyl Neopentanoate, Glycerin, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Pentylene Glycol, Propanediol, Hexyldecanol, Bisabolol, Butylene Glycol, Epigallocatechin Gallatyl Glucoside, Rosmarinyl Glucoside, Caffeyl Glucoside, Gallyl Glucoside, Tetrasodium Tetracarboxymethyl Naringeninchalcone, Hydroxymethoxyphenyl Decanone, 4-T-Butylcyclohexanol, Cetylhydroxyproline Palmitamide, Hydroxyphenyl Propamidobenzoic Acid, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-8, Superoxide Dismutase, Sodium Pca, Pca, Arginine, Glycine, Alanine, Serine, Valine, Isoleucine, Proline, Threonine, Histidine, Phenylalanine, Aspartic Acid, Sodium Lactate, Mirabilis Jalapa Callus Extract, Tasmannia Lanceolata Fruit/Leaf Extract, Zingiber Officinale (Ginger) Root Extract, Curculigo Orchioides Root Extract, Isochrysis Galbana Extract, Brassica Campestris (Rapeseed) Sterols, Stearic Acid, Dextran, Isoceteth-20, Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-6, Xanthan Gum, Tocopherol, Propyl Gallate, Tromethamine, Dehydroacetic Acid, 1,2-Hexanediol, Benzyl Alcohol, Phenoxyethanol, Caprylyl Glycol.*****I'm launching a second channel in 2022 to post some of the things that don't really fit with No BS Beauty. I'm not planning on posting immediately but wanted to let you know if you want to subscribe so you won't miss anything. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZwJQwh2qHT9qUrseCNasHg*******Podcast LinksApple - https://b.link/No_BS_Apple_PodcastGoogle - https://b.link/No_BS_Google_PodcastAmazon - https://b.link/No_BS_Amazon_PodcastSpotify - https://b.link/No_BS_Spotify_PodcastStitcher - https://b.link/No_BS_Stitcher_PodcastRSS - https://feeds.redcircle.com/671dd1b2-a989-41d5-94d5-30c014e06149********Sephora - https://fxo.co/1231867/sephoraUlta - https://fxo.co/1231867/ultaAmazon - https://www.amazon.com/shop/nobsbeautyYes Style - https://ys.style/kk2Vjrv798Style Korean - http://www.stylekorean.com/?af_id2=nobsbeautyThese are affiliate links if you purchase anything from one of these stores using this link No BS Beauty will make a small commission on what you buy.********I am proud to offer my very own beauty products at Amazon. We are starting small but hope to grow these offerings. Take a look and if you can pick one or two up, it helps keep this channel truly independent.My Products:No BS Beauty Travel Set - https://amzn.to/2PgPzFZNo BS Beauty Airless Jars - https://bit.ly/2Ev6X6N or https://amzn.to/2RCEq4sNo BS Beauty Color Switcher - https://amzn.to/2RCEAJ6See my own page on Amazon - https://www.amazon.com/shop/nobsbeautywww.noBSbeauty.net*******My Patreon - https://www.patreon.com/noBSbeauty*******PayPal Tip Jar - https://bit.ly/donate_NBSBIf you want to leave a tip ... Thanks! *****

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In this episode, host, Francesca Campos, MS, CISSN, talks about what ergogenic aids are, which ones are scientifically proven to maximize athletic performance, and how much to take of each

Watch on YouTube - https://youtu.be/CeDDa7e_YdgProduct Link at Sephora - https://fxo.co/BtzaSummer Fridays Cloud Dew Oil Free Moisturizer Full Ingredients List:Water/Aqua/Eau, Propanediol, Dicaprylyl Carbonate, Glycerin, Pentylene Glycol, Sodium Hyaluronate, Hydrolyzed Sodium Hyaluronate, Glycine, Serine, Glutamic Acid, Aspartic Acid, Leucine, Alanine, Lysine, Arginine, Tyrosine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Threonine, Valine, Isoleucine, Histidine, Ascorbic Acid, Saccharide Isomerate, Haematococcus Pluvialis Extract, Ceramide NP, Tocopheryl Acetate, Tocopherol, Hexapeptide-11, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1, Ananas Sativus (Pineapple) Fruit Extract, Saccharomyces/Magnesium Ferment, Saccharomyces/Copper Ferment, Saccharomyces/Silicon Ferment, Butylene Glycol, Glyceryl Acrylate/Acrylic Acid Copolymer, Glyceryl Caprylate, Sucrose Stearate, Lecithin, Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate, Xanthan Gum, Cetearyl Olivate, Sorbitan Olivate, Sodium Citrate, Carbomer, Citric Acid, Cetearyl Alcohol, Sodium Hydroxide, Lactobacillus Ferment, Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate, Hydroxyacetophenone, Iron Oxides (CI 77491).*******Podcast LinksApple - https://b.link/No_BS_Apple_PodcastGoogle - https://b.link/No_BS_Google_PodcastAmazon - https://b.link/No_BS_Amazon_PodcastSpotify - https://b.link/No_BS_Spotify_PodcastStitcher - https://b.link/No_BS_Stitcher_PodcastRSS - https://feeds.redcircle.com/671dd1b2-a989-41d5-94d5-30c014e06149********Sephora - https://fxo.co/1231867/sephoraUlta - https://fxo.co/1231867/ultaAmazon - https://www.amazon.com/shop/nobsbeautyYes Style - https://ys.style/kk2Vjrv798Style Korean - http://www.stylekorean.com/?af_id2=nobsbeautyThese are affiliate links if you purchase anything from one of these stores using this link No BS Beauty will make a small commission on what you buy.********I am proud to offer my very own beauty products at Amazon. We are starting small but hope to grow these offerings. Take a look and if you can pick one or two up, it helps keep this channel truly independent.My Products:No BS Beauty Travel Set - https://amzn.to/2PgPzFZNo BS Beauty Airless Jars - https://bit.ly/2Ev6X6N or https://amzn.to/2RCEq4sNo BS Beauty Color Switcher - https://amzn.to/2RCEAJ6See my own page on Amazon - https://www.amazon.com/shop/nobsbeautywww.noBSbeauty.net*******My Patreon - https://www.patreon.com/noBSbeauty*******PayPal Tip Jar - https://bit.ly/donate_NBSBIf you want to leave a tip ... Thanks! *****Since so many of you asked for it, here is a link to my favorite PH testing strips https://amzn.to/33ojjIY

Drunk Elephant Protini Powerpeptide Resufacing Serum At Sephora: https://fxo.co/CaroFull Ingredients List:  Water/Aqua/Eau, Glycerin, Lactic Acid, Dicaprylyl Carbonate, Squalane, Sodium Hydroxide, Glycine Max (Soybean) Seed Extract, Sclerocarya Birrea Seed Oil, Camellia Sinesis Seed Oil, Sodium PCA, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Borago Officinalis Seed Oil, Tremella Fuciformis Polysaccharide, Tocotrienols, Sh-Oligopeptide-1, Sh-Oligopeptide-2, Sh-Polypeptide-1, Sh-Polypeptide-9, Sh-Polypeptide-11, Copper Palmitoyl Heptapeptide-14, Heptapeptide-15 Palmitate, Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-38, Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-12, Tripeptide-1, Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract, Propanediol, Sodium Hyaluronate, Panthenol, Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer, Sodium Lactate, PCA, Alanine, Arginine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Valine, Adenosine, Nymphaea Alba Root Extract, Bacillus/Folic Acid Ferment Filtrate Extract, Symphytum Officinale Callus Culture Extract, Dextran, Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil, Linoleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Butylene Glycol, Acetyl Glutamine, Coconut Alkanes, Coco-Caprylate/Caprate, Pentylene Glycol, Isomalt, Lecithin, Xanthan Gum, Aspartic Acid, Phytosphingosine, Phospholipids, Glycine Soja (Soybean) Sterols, Tocopherol, Citric Acid, Lactic Acid/Glycolic Acid Copolymer, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Phenoxyethanol, Sodium Benzoate, Hydroxypropyl Cyclodextrin, Polysorbate 20, Caprylyl Glycol, Phenylpropanol, Chlorphenesin, Carbomer, Glyceryl Caprylate, Ethylhexylglycerin.Sunday Riley Good Genes All in One Lactic Acid TreatmentAt Sephora: https://fxo.co/CarpFull Ingredients List:  Botanical Blend [Aqua, Opuntia Tuna Fruit Extract, Cypripedium Pubescens Extract, Opuntia Vulgaris Leaf Extract, Agave Tequilana Leaf Extract, Arnica Montana Flower Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae (Yeast) Extract, Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate], Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Squalane, Lactic Acid, PPG-12 / SMDI Copolymer, Propanediol, Butylene Glycol, Stearic Acid, Dimethicone, Cetearyl Alcohol, Phenyl Trimethicone, Disiloxane, Ceteareth-20, Glyceryl Stearate, PEG-100 Stearate, Stearyl Glycyrrhetinate, Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract, Cymbopogon Schoenanthus (Lemongrass) Oil, Potassium Hydroxide, Phenoxyethanol, Xanthan gum, Caprylyl Glycol, Chlorphenesin, Sodium Phytate.*******Podcast LinksApple - https://b.link/No_BS_Apple_PodcastGoogle - https://b.link/No_BS_Google_PodcastAmazon - https://b.link/No_BS_Amazon_PodcastSpotify - https://b.link/No_BS_Spotify_PodcastStitcher - https://b.link/No_BS_Stitcher_PodcastRSS - https://feeds.redcircle.com/671dd1b2-a989-41d5-94d5-30c014e06149********Sephora - https://fxo.co/1231867/sephoraUlta - https://fxo.co/1231867/ultaAmazon - https://www.amazon.com/shop/nobsbeautyYes Style - https://ys.style/kk2Vjrv798Style Korean - http://www.stylekorean.com/?af_id2=nobsbeautyThese are affiliate links if you purchase anything from one of these stores using this link No BS Beauty will make a small commission on what you buy.********I am proud to offer my very own beauty products at Amazon. We are starting small but hope to grow these offerings. Take a look and if you can pick one or two up, it helps keep this channel truly independent.My Products:No BS Beauty Travel Set - https://amzn.to/2PgPzFZNo BS Beauty Airless Jars - https://bit.ly/2Ev6X6N or https://amzn.to/2RCEq4sNo BS Beauty Color Switcher - https://amzn.to/2RCEAJ6See my own page on Amazon - https://www.amazon.com/shop/nobsbeautywww.noBSbeauty.net*******My Patreon - https://www.patreon.com/noBSbeauty*******PayPal Tip Jar - https://bit.ly/donate_NBSBIf you want to leave a tip ... Thanks! *****Since so many of you asked for it, here is a link to my favorite PH testing strips https://amzn.to/33ojjIY

Drunk Elephant Protin Resurf Serum at Sephora: https://fxo.co/CSydDrunk Elephant Protini Powerpeptide Resurfacing Serum Full Ingredients List:Water/Aqua/Eau, Glycerin, Lactic Acid, Dicaprylyl Carbonate, Squalane, Sodium Hydroxide, Glycine Max (Soybean) Seed Extract, Sclerocarya Birrea Seed Oil, Camellia Sinesis Seed Oil, Sodium PCA, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Borago Officinalis Seed Oil, Tremella Fuciformis Polysaccharide, Tocotrienols, Sh-Oligopeptide-1, Sh-Oligopeptide-2, Sh-Polypeptide-1, Sh-Polypeptide-9, Sh-Polypeptide-11, Copper Palmitoyl Heptapeptide-14, Heptapeptide-15 Palmitate, Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-38, Palmitoyl Hexapeptide-12, Tripeptide-1, Pyrus Malus (Apple) Fruit Extract, Propanediol, Sodium Hyaluronate, Panthenol, Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer, Sodium Lactate, PCA, Alanine, Arginine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Valine, Adenosine, Nymphaea Alba Root Extract, Bacillus/Folic Acid Ferment Filtrate Extract, Symphytum Officinale Callus Culture Extract, Dextran, Oryza Sativa (Rice) Bran Oil, Linoleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Butylene Glycol, Acetyl Glutamine, Coconut Alkanes, Coco-Caprylate/Caprate, Pentylene Glycol, Isomalt, Lecithin, Xanthan Gum, Aspartic Acid, Phytosphingosine, Phospholipids, Glycine Soja (Soybean) Sterols, Tocopherol, Citric Acid, Lactic Acid/Glycolic Acid Copolymer, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Phenoxyethanol, Sodium Benzoate, Hydroxypropyl Cyclodextrin, Polysorbate 20, Caprylyl Glycol, Phenylpropanol, Chlorphenesin, Carbomer, Glyceryl Caprylate, Ethylhexylglycerin.********Podcast LinksApple - https://b.link/No_BS_Apple_PodcastGoogle - https://b.link/No_BS_Google_PodcastAmazon - https://b.link/No_BS_Amazon_PodcastSpotify - https://b.link/No_BS_Spotify_PodcastStitcher - https://b.link/No_BS_Stitcher_PodcastRSS - https://feeds.redcircle.com/671dd1b2-a989-41d5-94d5-30c014e06149********Sephora - https://fxo.co/1231867/sephoraUlta - https://fxo.co/1231867/ultaAmazon - https://www.amazon.com/shop/nobsbeautyYes Style - https://ys.style/kk2Vjrv798Style Korean - http://www.stylekorean.com/?af_id2=nobsbeautyThese are affiliate links if you purchase anything from one of these stores using this link No BS Beauty will make a small commission on what you buy.********I am proud to offer my very own beauty products at Amazon. We are starting small but hope to grow these offerings. Take a look and if you can pick one or two up, it helps keep this channel truly independent.My Products:No BS Beauty Travel Set - https://amzn.to/2PgPzFZNo BS Beauty Airless Jars - https://bit.ly/2Ev6X6N or https://amzn.to/2RCEq4sNo BS Beauty Color Switcher - https://amzn.to/2RCEAJ6See my own page on Amazon - https://www.amazon.com/shop/nobsbeautywww.noBSbeauty.net*******My Patreon - https://www.patreon.com/noBSbeauty*******PayPal Tip Jar - https://bit.ly/donate_NBSBIf you want to leave a tip ... Thanks! *****Since so many of you asked for it, here is a link to my favorite PH testing strips https://amzn.to/33ojjIY

In an over-saturated supplement market, where every product claims to "take your workout to the next level", it can be difficult to distinguish the snake oil from the magic potions. Today, we dive into the evidence for one of the more timeless pre-workout supplements, Beta Alanine.Subscribe to the HealthHackd NewsletterRate the show on Apple PodcastFollow along on InstagramGet 25% off the most comprehensive blood, DNA, and fitness tracking platform with InsideTracker (use code: LabRats25)Try the cleanest, most effective electrolyte drink on the market: Drink LMNTResourcesInternational society of sports nutrition position stand: Beta-Alanine Effects of β-alanine supplementation on exercise performance: a meta-analysisbeta-Alanine supplementation augments muscle carnosine content and attenuates fatigue during repeated isokinetic contraction bouts in trained sprinters Effects of β-alanine supplementation and high-intensity interval training on endurance performance and body composition in men; a double-blind trial DisclaimerThis podcast is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The products, information, services, and other content provided on and through this podcast, including information that may be provided in the show notes (directly or via linking to third-party sites), are provided for informational purposes only. Please consult with your physician or other healthcare professionals regarding any medical or health-related diagnosis or treatment options.

In today’s episode, Greg and Eric announce the hiring of two new SBS coaches and provide some exciting updates about the diet app that is currently in development (1:26). After that, Eric shares a Research Roundup segment with fascinating new findings related to beta-alanine supplementation (25:08), and Greg presents a Research Roundup covering topics including training frequency, sticking points, non-nutritive sweeteners, the effects of strength on hypertrophy potential, and more (1:00:57). Eric also shares some practical tips for modifying your pressing exercises in the presence of elbow and shoulder discomfort in a Coach’s Corner segment (1:44:35). Finally, Greg and Eric wrap up the show by answering a few questions from listeners (1:50:40). Sign up to get 28 free training programs and research spotlight emails.To join in on the SBS conversation, check out our new Facebook group and subreddit.Finally, next time you stock up on supplements from BulkSupplements.com, be sure to use the promo code “SBSPOD” (all caps) to get 5% off your entire order. TIME STAMPSGood news: New SBS coaches, updates on the diet app! (1:26)Eric's good news article: After researchers implanted microchips into his brain, a paralyzed man was able to write with his mindFeats of Strength (20:25)Joy's deadlift.Gerald's deadlift. Research Roundup: Beta-Alanine (25:08)https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4501114/https://journals.physiology.org/doi/abs/10.1152/japplphysiol.00602.2020https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30209603/https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2020.00913/fullhttps://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2021/05000/Kinetics_of_Muscle_Carnosine_Decay_after___Alanine.22.aspxResearch Roundup (several topics) (1:00:57):Effects of strength on hypertrophy potential (1:01:14)https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8124523/Squat sticking point (1:10:35)https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2021.691459/abstractTraining frequency (1:20:23)https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-021-01460-7History of strength training research (1:24:05)https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/Fulltext/2021/05000/History_of_Strength_Training_Research_in_Man__An.34.aspxImpact of COVID-19 on training behaviors (1:33:33)https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-021-01438-5Effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on body weight (1:38:12)https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/obr.13020Coach’s Corner: Modified pressing variations in response to shoulder/elbow discomfort (1:44:35)Q&A (1:50:40):What's the most ludicrous programming or workout you've ever heard of or seen with your own eyes? (1:50:49)Can you HIIT yourself into marathon shape? (2:02:37)Best tendon strengthening protocol? (2:11:45)If you could redesign the Presidential Fitness Test to be science-based, what exercises would you select to assess physical fitness? (2:14:45)A brief history of the bizarre and sadistic Presidential Fitness TestMaintenance Phase episode about the Presidential Fitness Test

Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.10.28.358432v1?rss=1 Authors: Akram, S., Thakur, J., Shree, M., Masakapalli, S. K., Nanda, R. K. Abstract: In vitro studies involving cell lines or primary cells, provide critical insights into their physiology under normal and perturbed conditions like cancer and infection. Given that there are multiple sources of carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrients available in routinely used standard media (such as DMEM, RPMI), it is vital to quantify their contribution to cellular metabolism. 13C based Isotopic tracers of the media components can be used to kinetically track their oxidation by the cell systems such as Human Lung Carcinoma (A549) cells. In this study, a universally labelled glucose tracer ([13C6]glucose) was used to quantify its metabolic contribution that provided further insights into the central carbon metabolism of A549 cells. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based mass isotopomer analysis (average 13C) of methanolic extracts (glycerol: 5.46{+/-}3.53 % and lactate: 74.4{+/-}2.65 %), amino acids derived from acid hydrolysates of protein (Serine: 4.51{+/-}0.21 %, Glycine: 2.44{+/-}0.31 %, Alanine: 24.56{+/-}0.59 %, Glutamate: 8.81{+/-}0.85 %, Proline: 6.96{+/-}0.53 % and Aspartate: 10.72{+/-}0.95 %) and the metabolites of the culture filtrate (glycerol: 43.14{+/-}1.45 % and lactate: 81.67{+/-}0.91 %), allowed to capture the relative contribution of glucose. We observed the Warburg effect and a significant amount of lactate contributed from glucose, was released to the media. 13C glycerol of glucogenic origin was kinetically released to the culture filtrate and might be playing a critical role in metabolic reprogramming of A549 cells. Part of the protein biomass contributed from amino acids were of glucogenic origin. Besides, the workflow adopted for 13C analysis and derived average 13C of each metabolite provided a standard methodology that could be useful in defining the metabolic phenotypes of cells in normal and perturbed conditions. Understanding precisely the altered cellular metabolism to meet the biomass demand under a range of physiological conditions, kinetically, may identify pathways for targeted and effective therapeutic interventions. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info

Dans ce nouvel épisode, Nutrimuscle et Michael Gundill vous aident à bien aborder la rentrée sportive, au programme de ce podcast :- Des conseils de complémentation après une période d'inactivité ou de réduction du sport⁣⁣⁠⁣⁠⁣⁣- Une discussion autour des compléments alimentaires avec de la caféine ⁣⁣⁠⁣⁠⁣⁣⁠⁣⁠- L'explication du mode de fonctionnement de la bêta-alanine et nos conseils d'utilisation⁣⁣⁠⁣⁠

The second edition of The Carnivore Code (new cover and index!) is available for pre-order now!  www.Thecarnivorecodebook.com release date is August 4th 2020 in ebook, print, and audiobook formats.    Tommy Wood MD, PhD is an elite-level professional nerd who has coached world class athletes in a dozen sports.  He has an undergraduate degree in biochemistry from the University of Cambridge, a medical degree from the University of Oxford, and a PhD in physiology and neuroscience from the University of Oslo. Tommy is a Research Assistant Professor at the University of Washington, a Research Scientist at the Institute for Human and Machine cognition, and is on the scientific advisory board of Hintsa Performance. He is also CSO (Chief Snake Officer) at the Costa Rican Center for Bro Research. Tommy lives in Seattle with his wife Elizabeth and their two goofy boxers. In his spare time he can usually be found cooking, reading, or lifting something heavy.   Time Stamps: 8:07 Start of Podcast 8:52 The mechanism of caffeine/other compounds found in coffee/tea/chocolate in the human body. 11:27 Paul’s thoughts on coffee.  15:42 Tommy’s thoughts on coffee. 21:37 Human detoxification of plant toxins.  24:22 Regional differences in genetics. 26:00 Benefits of  Elimination diet. 27:37 Tommy’s issues with low carb diets. 29:52 Is insulin anabolic?  36:07 Protein requirements  37:17 Physiologic insulin resistance.  51:47 What Causes insulin resistance?  58:12 Digestion of processed fat and carbohydrate  59:47 What is the fastest way to fix insulin resistance? 1:01:47 How the processing of food changes your physiology.  1:04:22 Insulin resistance in asian populations. 1:06:32 The bagel study. 1:08:37 Low-carb-high fat vs. low fat-high carb.  1:12:07 Electrolyte balance on low carb diet.  1:17:47 Where to find Tommy online? 1:19:57 The most radical thing Tommy has done recently. References:  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235366395_Addition_of_Carbohydrate_or_Alanine_to_an_Essential_Amino_Acid_Mixture_Does_Not_Enhance_Human_Skeletal_Muscle_Protein_Anabolism Nutrisense (Continuous Glucose Monitor- CGM): www.Nutrisense.io, use the code CarnivoreMD for 20$ off.    BluBlox: www.blublox.com use the code CarnivoreMD for 15% off your order   White Oak Pastures: Use the code CARNIVOREMD at www.whiteoakpastures.com for 10% off your first order!   Belcampo: Use the Code CarnivoreMD for 20% off!    JOOVV: www.joovv.com/paul To subscribe to my newsletter visit: carnivoremd.com   My contact information:   Book: www.thecarnivorecodebook.com   PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/paulsaladinomd   SOCIAL MEDIA  Instagram: @carnivoremd Website: carnivoremd.com Twitter:@carnivoremd  Facebook: Paul Saladino MD email: drpaul@carnivoremd.com

In a study evaluating dose-response to a moderate and high Anadrol dosage, muscle and strength gains from 50 mg per day and 100 mg per day were compared. By now you've probably heard me outline the "less is more" concept when it comes to steroid use. On one side of the spectrum, the clinical data does show that the more steroids you use, the more muscle you will gain over the span of a cycle. However, the same studies also reveal a dose-dependent decline in muscle growth response relative to increased drug load. Basically, more works better, but there are diminishing returns the higher your dosages go, and how much muscle you net over the span of your life bodybuilding will likely differ based on how aggressively you approach your mass building phases. https://youtu.be/JmICCDzhKRo 50 mg Vs. 100 mg Anadrol Study Results In the following study, we can see changes in body weight, lean body mass (what we mainly care about), and fat loss in response to a moderate and high Anadrol dosage (50 mg vs. 100 mg) [R]. The placebo group didn't gain any lean body mass, nor did  they lose any body fat. The 50 mg Anadrol treated group gained 3.3 kilograms of lean body mass and lost 2.6 kg of fat. The 100 mg Anadrol treated group gained 4.2 kilograms of lean body mass and lost 2.5 kg of fat. Looking at lean body mass, we can see that when comparing the two dosage groups, the 100 mg group only gained 0.9 kg lean body mass more than the 50 mg group. This is after three-month exposure to twice the amount of drug. If we compare biomarkers between the two groups, we can see that the effect 100 mg of Anadrol had on ALT and AST levels was far more deleterious than the 50 mg group. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are commonly used biomarkers for assessing liver damage. Placebo 50 mg/day 100 mg/day PValue ALT, U/l 0 ± 2 21 ± 15 72 ± 67 0.001 AST, U/l 1 ± 2 14 ± 6 38 ± 29

Talk to a Dr. Berg Keto Consultant today and get the help you need on your journey (free consultation). Call 1-540-299-1557 with your questions about Keto, Intermittent Fasting or the use of Dr. Berg products. Consultants are available Monday through Friday from 8:30 am to 9 pm EST. Saturday & Sunday 9 am to 5 pm EST. USA Only. Take the Free Keto Mini-Course: bit.ly/KetoMiniCourse Intermittent Fasting Basics: bit.ly/DrBergIF Many people think that when you're fasting, you're starving. But, you ARE actually eating. I'm going to explain more about why this is in this podcast. When you're fasting, your cells are eating their own fat. They're not being fed from your diet, but they're being fed from your storage. The only time fasting is starving is if you go too long and you've used up all of your fat. If you have no more fat, at that point, the body will start using up its muscles. But that will take a very long time. Fat gives us glycerol and fatty acids, which turn into ketones. About 60% of the fuel your body uses while fasting is fatty acids. As far as the brain is concerned, two-thirds of the fuel can be ketones, and one-third will be glucose. The body does need a small amount of glucose. However, there is something in the body called gluconeogenesis, where the body can make glucose. Where does the body get glucose from? • Glycerol - 20g of glucose per day • Ketones - 10g of glucose per day • Recycled lactate - 40g of glucose per day • Organs - 80g of glucose per day • Alanine - 15g of glucose per day Our bodies are very well designed for fasting and intermittent fasting. There are a ton of fasting benefits, and the body does will on this. But, the body does not do well on frequent meals and snacks. Dr. Eric Berg DC Bio: Dr. Berg, 51 years of age is a chiropractor who specializes in weight loss through nutritional & natural methods. His private practice is located in Alexandria, Virginia. His clients include senior officials in the U.S. government & the Justice Department, ambassadors, medical doctors, high-level executives of prominent corporations, scientists, engineers, professors, and other clients from all walks of life. He is the author of The 7 Principles of Fat Burning. FACEBOOK: fb.me/DrEricBerg?utm_source=Podcast TWITTER: http://twitter.com/DrBergDC?utm_source=Podcast YOUTUBE: http://www.youtube.com/user/drericberg123?utm_source=Podcast DR. BERG'S SHOP: https://shop.drberg.com/?utm_source=Podcast MESSENGER: https://www.messenger.com/t/drericberg?utm_source=Podcast DR. BERG'S VIDEO BLOG: https://www.drberg.com/blog?utm_source=Podcast

  Keto diets have been extremely popular lately, but how does being in ketosis impact our training and performance? The expert on these topics is Dr. Dominic D’Agostino. Dr. Dominic is a Professor in the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology at the University of South Florida, and Research Scientist at the Institute for Human and Machine Cognition (IHMC). He is well-respected in the science world as well as the performance industry having been featured on Tim Ferriss' podcast as well as having his research supported by the Department of Defense, the Navy SEALs, etc. 35. Keto Diets, Training and Performance with Dr. Dominic D’Agostino In today's episode, we dig into Dr. D'Agostino's research plus his own personal experience and experimentation with keto diets and bodybuilding, including how he achieved his personal best deadlift while fasting! We also discuss what it means to be "fat adapted" and why our bodies can run on both ketones and glucose at the same time. Dr. D’Agostino says the idea is to adapt our bodies over time by training while we're fasting periodically; if we are training in a state of nutritional ketosis and occasionally consuming carbohydrates then our body recognizes carbs and as ketones both as fuel sources. One strategy to do this could be to eat a carbohydrate-based diet that is low enough to maintain optimal insulin sensitivity while including ketogenic nutrition, such as MCT oils or ketone supplements. But it's important to also do this without necessarily restricting carbohydrates to the point of entering ketosis. And we finish up with a chat about when it's beneficial to be on a keto diet as well as how often to follow a ketogenic protocol to get the full benefit. Dr. D'Agostino suggests we can achieve many of the metabolic benefits and anti-cancer benefits by going keto for just three to five days per month either through fasting or by going down to 500 calories per day. You’ll hear him explain the science behind these approaches plus much more on this fascinating and enriching conversation on today’s edition of the Awesome Health Podcast! Resources for this Episode Dr. Dominic's Website Dr. Dominic on Instagram Dr. Dominic on Facebook Read the Episode Transcript : Wade Lightheart: Good afternoon, good morning and good evening. It's Wade T Lightheart here today with co-founder Matt Gallant. And a super special guest, Dr Dominic D'Agostino. I have been, you know, hoping for this interview for a long time. For those who don't know who Dominic D'Agostino is, he is one of the preeminent experts on ketogenic diets and ketosis. He works with the Navy seals and in a variety of projects that he's done, they're heavily research oriented and the benefits that this potential dietary practice can have both in performance applications as well as physical health issues, you know, related to cancer, things like that. Cognitive function, a bunch of different things. Dom is a professor at the department of molecular pharmacology and physiology at the university of South Florida and a research scientist at the Institute for human and machine cognition. His laboratory develops and tests metabolically based strategies for neurological disorders, cancer and for enhancing the safety and resilience of military personnel in extreme environments. His research is supported by the office of Naval research, department of defense, private organizations and foundations. He just recently came back from a trip from Australia where he was speaking literally in what, five cities in 11 days. And he was gracious enough to take the time to join us on the Awesome Health Podcast. So delighted to have you here. Dom, welcome to the show. Dominic D'Agostino: Great to be here. Thanks for having me Matt and Wade. Matt Gallant: As much as Wade is excited, I'm, I'm even more excited. You know, I've been a fan of your work since. I think I first heard you probably I think on the Tim Ferriss podcast which, which was very enlightening and I've been a longtime keto user and dieter for over 26 years on and off nonstop now for four and a half. And a BiOptimizers, you know, we have these, this three sided triangle of, you know, aesthetics, how we look, the performance and the health side. And I think you're one of the top guys in the world to talk about the performance side and the health side of keto. Cause most people talk more about the aesthetics, the fat loss and that, that component. But today I really like to dive into maybe we could start with some of your background and what you've been doing research wise and then we can get really into all of their current stuff you're doing in a run performance and help. So maybe give us a little bit of background as far as what you've been up to the last five, 10 years. First Quito and kettle research. Dominic D'Agostino: Yeah. for 10 years, well, this quickly, going back to 25 years ago, I was always interested in nutrition and I majored actually in as an undergrad in nutrition scientists and dietetics. And as I navigated my, you know, college career, I realized that there wasn't a whole lot of jobs in nutrition. So I kind of moved to majoring in biology too. And then I did my PhD actually in neuroscience and, and when I finished my pHD I was funded by the office of Navy research for my fellowship, a postdoctoral fellowship. And that was really to understand oxygen toxicity seizures as it pertains to the Navy seal dieter that's using a closed circuit rebreather that they use or operational conditions. There's a stealth component to this equipment. There's no bubbles when you dive underwater. A disadvantage would be that you're breathing high oxygen 100%, actually with a certain type of breather and it just did the be the seawater. Dominic D'Agostino: You can have a seizure and within 10 minutes some people you know can have that and there's really no way to predict or prevent them. So the first area of my research was developing different technologies that would allow us to understand sort of how the brain is working under these conditions. And if you understand the problem, then you can come up with a solution. But we didn't fundamentally understand the problem. So we developed things like microscopes and electrophysiology equipment and telemetry equipment and we adapted that for use inside a hyperbaric chamber. And then over, you know, five or six years, I started to realize that targeting brain energy metabolism and the neuropharmacology of the brain are two strategies to protect the brain under these extreme conditions. And I was sort of interested in antioxidants, loading up animals with antioxidants really did not seem to work much, although in theory it should have. Dominic D’Agostino: But then I started moving towards like coaxing our own bodies to be more resilient. And there was some studies that we've done with fasting rats for 24 to 36 hours and that actually had a remarkable effect at preventing the seizures and it was actually greater neuroprotection than the antiseizure drugs. So I began sort of became interested in how fast and could mitigate and be a mitigation strategy or counter measure against these types of seizures. And then discovered the ketogenic diet, which I thought of, sort of thought I knew, but I really didn't know the whole history of the ketogenic diet, you know, growing up you hear about low carb diets, Atkins diets and you know, I had interested in the ozone diet at one point and a little carb a little bit and I did it kind of on and off for different years. Dominic D’Agostino: But when I delved into the history of the ketogenic diet and met with the practitioners at major universities, like especially Johns Hopkins group I realized that this could potentially be, I could incorporate nutrition back into my research program and do sort of like a nutritional neuroscience project. I would just have to convince my program officer at the department of defense or Navy that, you know, this was a good strategy and the science was actually there like on PubMed, you know, I mean it was good peer reviewed studies sharing that independent of the etiology independent of the cause of the seizures. The ketogenic diet seemed to help across the board. So, and oxygen toxicity seizures are powerful. Tonic clonic seizures we think are being generated in the hippocampus, which was an area that I was studying and published on. And also maybe influencing the neuro control of autonomic regulation and actually did my PhD on respiratory neurobiology brain set. Dominic D’Agostino: So I had a sort of an understanding of, of sort of what was happening and, and a new understanding and appreciation for nutrition as a metabolic therapy. And and I was never taught anything about the ketogenic diet through my four years of training and two, two semesters actually, the advanced nutrition and graduate nutrition. I never even heard about the ketogenic diet being used, and it was like the standard of care for drug refractory epilepsy. So long story short the dietary approach wasn't, it didn't really grab the attention of the program officers. They wanted to see a ketogenic diet sort of in a drug. So I went down the path personally from a research perspective of just studying ketones and different formulations or ketones. But I also started doing the ketogenic diet myself to understand it from the implementation perspective. And, and, and not people weren't doing the ketogenic diet, the clinical ketogenic diet back when I started and maybe 2008, seven or eight. Dominic D’Agostino: But as I followed it, I realized after I got through the initial adaptation, I felt really good. And I I, prior to this, my, my meal frequency was five or six meals a day and I transitioned actually to eating less often and to the point where I adapted to doing intermittent fasting occasionally, once in awhile. And, and then as we developed ketone various ketone technologies, including ketone esters and ketone electrolyte preparations mixed with a MCT and started studying it, we realized that these are very powerful neuroprotective compounds that have a wide range of applications, not just oxygen toxicity seizures, but different metabolic disorders are highly responsive to nutritional ketosis. Some are the standard of care are the ketogenic diet, I should say, is the standard of care for things like metabolic disorders, like glucose transporter deficiency, other deficiency complex. We studied Kabuki syndrome, which is a genetic disease. Dominic D’Agostino: And we look at the role of ketone bodies as an epigenetic regulator activating some genes and silencing others that can impart their therapeutic effects. So, and then cancer too is another area. I've had three PhD students graduate under me training under me that actually focused on looking at the ketogenic diet to impact the growth and proliferation of cancer, metastatic cancer. We we're looking at cancer parts, which is muscle wasting associated with cancer. We're also looking at drugs like Metformin and other metabolic drugs that sort of target different pathways that overlap with the ketogenic diet. So, so I started studying it for something that was relatively esoteric to most people. Oxygen toxicity seizures are now, we now are studying, I would say probably close to a dozen different things including glucose regulation, you know, everything from ALS to angelman syndrome to Alzheimer's disease, Kabuki syndrome, glucose transporter syndrome a number of other kind of even more rare things that you may not have heard of. Dominic D’Agostino: And, and we're also, you know, developing forms of ketogenic compounds, diets, and also supplements that would allow the war fighter and potentially even the astronaut to implement some form of ketogenic nutrition to enhance performance and resilience in extreme environments. You know, so going back to the, the Navy project, I've continued to be funded by them, you know, for like almost 12 to 13 years now. And I continue to have projects and we've developed the animal work and now we're actually doing studies in humans. And, and now we've actually moved on to working with NASA where we, eh, we do experiments where we live in an undersea environment for an extended period of time in what's called saturation. And when you're in saturation, it takes a long time to decompress and to come up. So your body is an extreme environment, not just pressure, but higher ATA of oxygen, higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide too, which has an effect. Dominic D’Agostino: So we have projects where I look at the gut microbiome, psychological testing, body composition. We look at a number of other factors, you know that are influenced, you know, in these extreme environments, a lot of like psychological, what we call team-building or cognitive team cognition. So how the group works together and that can be impacted by our energy state, our metabolism, and our pharmacology. So we're looking at a whole suite of parameters of people in these environments. So we figure out where the detriment is. And then once we understand that, then we develop a sort of a lifestyle, which is micro focuses, nutrition and supplementation to basically enhance, you know, resilience in that environment. And that would be physiological resilience and psychological resilience. So that's, we're putting a lot of time and effort into that project now. Wade Lightheart: That's pretty exciting stuff. Yeah, no I just wanted to comment on that. And one of the things I think from a practical standpoint that I think people can relate to. And I'm curious about this one because I think as listening to you on Tim Ferris, you had gone an extended period time of fasting and were able to like do a ridiculous deadlifts set. Do you want to talk about that just, just briefly, cause I'm just, this is a curiosity component of I heard about it. I want to be confirmed that I heard it correctly. So I'll let you speak from the hearts because what it seems that you've been able to do is something that almost no one would believe possible. Dominic D’Agostino: Well, I, I don't, I don't think fasting or being in it, and I don't think the ketogenic diet has, some people didn't accuse diet will dramatically impair your strength and performance and once you're adapted, and I don't see that as being necessarily a problem if you have protein a equate for protein and total calories. So fasting is sort of like another thing, but also kind of similar in a fasting state. It after about the second or third day it gets hard around that time, but once your body adapts you actually feel better. Your energy level starts to get a little bit low. Towards day five or day seven in me. I haven't went beyond a seven day fast. And I realized that, you know, I wouldn't want to do a high volume workout during that time, but I realized that my, my overall strength just by how I felt really was not impaired much in a, I just wanted to, you know, kind of feel how the weight spell on my body and actually my inflammation was gone. Dominic D’Agostino: Like, I mean, I felt good in so many ways that I just kept adding weight. One 35 to 25, three 15 four or five, four or five easier than I expected. So I was like, okay, let me try five plates. And I did five and I was thinking maybe I should stop there and my body's sort of in a low energy state and I just kept going. I normally can do more, but I, I felt that the 10, I don't even think I got sore the next day. But yesterday actually I just, I got back from traveling in Australia and I picked up a stomach bug on the last day as I really didn't eat for about two or three days. And yesterday I just posted it on Instagram, Facebook, I deadlifted five plates for 15. And my body weight was really low to one 98. Dominic D'Agostino That's extremely low for me. I'd be, haven't been that low since I was a teenager and I was kind of in a backseat state again. And again, I don't for exercises, like if for things pressing movements, if I lose weight, my, my strength goes way down. But for things like deadlift, I always kind of feel strong in a semi fasted state. And I think I've mentioned this to Tim's brand and Tim friend told Tim and then he unexpectedly added it to that podcast and it's like, I don't, I don't, don't, it's like, no, no, I think it's, you've got to start off. That's how you engage people. So I requested it not, you know, I mentioned that, but he mentioned it and it's like, then I had to live up to it, then I had to actually go and do it. Wade Lightheart: That's a fascinating, it's the next fascinating segue cause it's a pattern interrupt for most people who think three or four hours without eating, they're going to die. Especially bodybuilding six times a day probably. Yeah, exactly. So it's a point of interest. I think that kind of, you know, creates another level of curiosity for people to find out, well, well how is that possible? What is this guy doing? You know? And, and it, I think it just adds a a level of verification about the efficacy of what you're doing and what you're promoting and, and, and how you're going about doing it. It also opens a door, I think, which Matt's going to dive into here about asking some very specific questions because as is, he'll reveal he's, he's been deep down the ketogenic adventure for as long as anybody I know. Matt Gallant: So, so I want to get into I guess some nerdy stuff and you know, one of the things I believe in, I'm curious what your thoughts on this phone is that if we look at health as a spectrum on one side you got, you know, sickness and then your death and that in the middle what people call normal. Wade Lightheart: And then at the very end of the other side you have peak performance, peak health. So what I've seemed to notice is that all the things that might fix health issues, you know, for that get us from no sickness to normal will typically also get us from normal to a peak state. And you know, I want to get into the neuro cognitive enhancements that happened with the ketogenic side and you really want to understand what's happening exactly, again on a brain level and on a nervous system level that is producing enhancements. Like why, why is ketones enhancing the cognitive side? Dominic D'Agostino: Yeah, that's a subject of intense research and numerous labs right now. We have garnered sort of a lot of information over the years. Well personally doing it myself and actually measuring my neurotransmitters and, and other blood markers of metabolic health and inflammatory health and neuroinflammation. Matt Gallant: So can I ask you, like what have you seen on a neurotransmitter level? Wade Lightheart: Yeah. And what tests are you running. Dominic D'Agostino I Oh, have different kits here in my drawers. I was going to say that for neurotransmitters, it's not a great test, but one of them that I did, and I did a couple ZRT labs has a urine neurotransmitter test. And I think when I did it down inside the habitat for the NASA emo mission, a couple of them for some reason didn't come out. But the things that came out and made a lot of sense you know, I've, I've done repeated measurements and my GABA to glutamate ratio is very high. It's on the order of two to three times outside the range of normal. So I tend to, at least in a ketogenic state, you make the neurotransmitter gamma-Aminobutyric acid GABA you make, it's a brain stabilizing your transmitter. You actually make that from an excited Tori neurotransmitter called glutamate through the an enzyme called glutamic acid decarboxylase and being in a state of nutritional ketosis with the diet and now we know with supplementation activates the GAD enzyme to convert more glutamate to GABA. Dominic D’Agostino: So you go from a a state of the brain that's hyperactive in the context of what we study. There's excitotoxicity, glutamate, excitotoxicity and it, I think it's in part therapeutic because you are reducing in neurotransmitter that's causing a neuronal hyperexcitability and making GABA, which I don't want to get too down in the weeds, but it mediates, it does chloride mediated post-synaptic inhibition, which it opens up an ion channel that hyperpolarizes the membrane potential of the cell. And when a membrane potential is hyperpolarized, it doesn't fire action potentials as fast. It's more, it's very stabilized. And if there's lots of glutamate excitatory, that will deep polarize the membrane potential and it comes closer to its threshold for firing. So it starts firing action potentials very fast. And if all your neurons are doing that, then you're like dumping glutamate, you're dumping potassium, you're dumping calcium potentially. And this can create a scenario where you have excited toxicity. So in a nutshell, what being in nutritional ketosis does is it changes the neuropharmacology of your brain to prevent you from entering that hyperexcitable state. And so that's one of about a dozen things. And I could go down that sort of list of that on a dozen different things. Another thing that we can, Matt Gallant: No, but that's, that's, that's fascinating. Cause I've done some tests and I'm on the slightly deficient side of, of GABA. So it's probably one of the reasons why I love keto in general and, and why I respond well in that I did not know it what you just reveal. That's fascinating. Dominic D’Agostino: Yeah, we've published that too actually in well it's been published in Humans. But we, we did it in a model of Angelman syndrome and we actually have an Angelman syndrome clinical trial at Vanderbilt right now because of, you know, some of this, the work that we did in preclinical models. Matt Gallant: So a question. I mean when obviously common belief is that the brain runs on glucose, what's your answer to people that go with that? Dominic D’Agostino: Well, you know, that's what I was taught, that that was part of my training in nutrition. You know, you never go below a 60 grams of glucose because that's what the brain's obligate requirement. But then because I got interested in fasting, I was thinking, well, like what does happen when you fast? And I was thinking you know, well, how can people, how can people fast and not go hypoglycemic? And then I started reading a work of Dr. George F Cahill from Harvard medical school where he facet subjects for 40 days. You know, towards the end of that, he injected them with insulin to push their glucose down farther. And it revealed that they were asymptomatic for hypoglycemia because they're the fact that their bodies are adipose was releasing for energy to be used by skeletal muscle and the heart, the brain really doesn't use these large fat molecules for fuel because of the blood brain barrier. Dominic D’Agostino: So the liver converts them to small water-soluble fat molecules. We call ketone bodies or fat derived molecules. And then the ketone bodies can largely replace glucose as an energy source. Although we still our blood glucose levels, they're very powerful homeostatic mechanisms that maintain our blood glucose levels. So glucose really doesn't change all that much. It'll go down to like maybe three millimole or something like that at the glycerol backbone of triglycerides. We'll make continue to make glucose. And then you have gluconeogenic amino acids, especially Alanine that gets released from muscle tissues and that becomes can become glucose. But the primary fuel for brain energy metabolism can switch to from glucose to ketone bodies. And I say that I say primary fuel because more than 50% of brain energy metabolism, it's kind of universally agreed that after prolonged fasting that we are using primarily ketones. And the same thing can happen with a, a strict clinical ketogenic diet. You're primarily running the brain off a ketone bodies. Matt Gallant: So, just to recap, your body has a lot of different ways to internally produce glucose, which is kind of a fascinating cause I've noticed that too, that even when you know, zero carbs, carb or fasting, that, you know, my blood glucose might drop as, you know, high seventies, but it's, it's, it's hard for me to go lower than that even if I'm zero carb and fasting and what not. So, yeah. Have you noticed too that the longer, and I've seen some interesting research recently on this that if you're, it'd been on keto for a long time. That seems to be another level of adoptation where even while you're exercising, the glucose is staying in the muscle. Like the body's actually not even touching some of the glucose, cause I've noticed that even in the last like year or so that I, I just seem to be holding onto more glycogen in the muscle than I used to, even when I'm doing all the same things. Dominic D’Agostino: Yeah. That'll be dependent to some extent on calories. So if calories are if you're, you caloric and you're not at a calorie deficit actually, well I'll come to that later. But if you are, if you do become at a calorie deficit and you're carb dependent, you lose glycogen really fast. If you do become calorie deficit and you're adapted to a ketogenic diet, you, you, you lose glycogen much slower because you are using fat for energy or more fat. The ratio is higher than the ratio of glucose you're using. So, but yes, I think Jeff Bullock has published on these two and athletes is that skeletal muscle glycogen, not liver glycogen, but skeletal muscle glycogen does not change that much. And athletes that are extremely carbohydrate restrictive with their diets, which is difficult for some people to believe. But once you understand metabolic physiology and that we've had adapted the skeletal muscle, the primary engine, you know, that's, that's burning and a substrate to using fatty acids for fuel that actually has a glucose sparing effect and the glucose sparing effect because you're using more fats as opposed to glucose will preserve muscle glycogen. Dominic D'Agostino: Over time there becomes a tipping point. And I think everybody's a little bit different. But I think the point is that, you know, athletes that are, that are adapted to nutritional ketosis really do have a remarkable ability to retain also glycogen. Matt Gallant: So one of the big concerns that some people have and Wade has this concern as well is the loss in kind of, let's just call it the, the last 10% like that peak, especially if you're more of a power athlete. What's your opinion on that? Is that something that if you're fat adapted for long enough that you can regain? What have you seen as far as peak performance, again from a sprinting, weight lifting, those types of athletic endeavors? Dominic D’Agostino: Yeah, these are really good questions. You know, I do believe I've seen enough data to suggest that if you are on a very carbohydrate restricted ketogenic diet and you push an athlete to two dates, extreme short bursts of, of output, total power output may be compromised would likely be compromised to some degree. If someone's on a very restrictive ketogenic diet if you don't add carbohydrates in. So I think, you know, there, there's a lot of nuances here but, but I think that if you take the average athlete who's carbohydrate adapted and adapt them to a low carbohydrate diet forcing their body to sort of burn preferentially more fat for fuel, they can get 80 to 90% of the benefits of low carb without compromising their glycolytic capacity. And you can do this simply by titrating in the carbohydrates back into the diet. Dominic D’Agostino: A tip, you know, low glycemic index carbohydrates, small amounts of carbohydrates will keep glycolytic pathway sort of open various enzyme systems like every big dehydrogenase complex. So that enzyme, the people who favor high carb diets will say, well, your pre-rebate dehydrogenate complex will be suppressed. You won't make as much protein and that the enzyme itself won't be as active. I think one way to keep that, that energetic path open is to periodically add some carbohydrates in, maybe in around your training. And that could be beneficial too. And also if you are, if you are a low carb athlete, when you fuel up intro workout, the type of workouts I do, I don't, I don't really have a fuel up if I, I work my workouts are like 15, 20 minutes or something. But for athletes that work out for like hours at a time to then introduce a sort of a, you know, a carb and a bat sort of supplement at the same time like MCT oil or maybe even mixed with some long chain fats but also a slower burning carbohydrate source after a certain point because you do get carbohydrate, you know it does become a limiting substrate under some conditions and I think each person is a unique metabolic entity. Dominic D’Agostino: I need to experiment, but like the take home messages that if you go on a super strict diet, your low end maybe knocked down a little bit. But if you learn how to use carbohydrates as a performance enhancing substance and you use it sparingly, then I think you can get the best of both worlds. From, from my perspective. Matt Gallant: Yeah, I've seen, I know some guys that have tested their, their, their ketones by doing some cyclical carb re feeds, intro workout, and you know, they've gone as high as like 80 grams on a leg day and had no changes. So they've been able to just maintain ketosis. And because obviously in a squat day, you know, the big deadlift day, you're just going to be burning that glucose in real time. Dominic D’Agostino: The keto community may like cringe at this, but I, I really believe that carbohydrates are a powerful performance enhancing sort of substrate. If you strip strategically and if you deliver a certain types of carbs. I mean, it could be any kind of carb. I mean, when I experiment, I'll use chocolate. I mean, I'll, she's like stuff like that. So it doesn't really have to be a particular kind of carbohydrates, but if you add also lots of water and sodium too, while you're delivering the carbohydrates your blood volume will go up. I mean, you'll notice things in the gym, you know the energy that you feel may just be due to the hyperhydration you get and it doesn't take much. So that's the key. You don't have to throw in like three, 400 grams of carbs and it can be as little as 30 or 40 grams of carbs. If you're a really big guy doing a long workout. Yeah, you might want to titrate, you know, 80 grams of carbs over that duration and maybe a little bit with a refeed. But it certainly doesn't take a lot of carbs to when you're talking about someone who's fat adapted and the, I think 30 grams of carbs for the typical, you know, one, one and a half hour workout, however long people work out these days. Matt Gallant: So you really open up a topic that I had in mindful on time, which is the idea of dual fuel, right? So the idea that you can both run on glucose and ketones simultaneously. I mean, I've done it personally many times. Can you, first of all, can we start with the physiology? Like, how, how is that happening? How is the body burning both glucose and ketones at the same time? Dominic D’Agostino: Yeah, there doesn't seem to be like, it's a strange question for me, like someone who studies physiology because I mean it's just, that's what the body does. But I know there's two camps out there who just kind of believed that, you know, we fuel off carbohydrates or refuel off ketones and fat. But your body has in your brain. We now know, has amazing metabolic flexibility. So if we adapt our bodies over time, and the best way to adapt is to train under specific metabolic conditions. So training while you're fasting periodically, I mean, some people cringe at that, but I think doing it occasionally is a good idea. Training in a state of nutritional ketosis occasionally throwing carbohydrates in so your body recognizes that fuel and to do that periodically. So I mean, I'm coming at a, at a neuroscience perspective because I, I believe a lot of our digital output and our brains are wired to our muscles. Dominic D’Agostino: So if our central nervous system is energized and we have good fuel flow to it, it's going to buy our muscles and can attract more muscle fibers so we can actually get stronger contractions and maintain that over longer periods of time. If we give, our brain has metabolic flexibility and we'll use whatever fuel is available. So glucose and, and ketone bodies we know it can use lactate to a little bit amino acids, but usually, you know, glucose or ketones. So it will use whatever's available and whatever's in the blood. So one strategy could be to do a carbohydrate-based diet that you know, low enough that you maintain optimal insulin sensitivity and then throw in ketogenic nutrition, which could be MCT oils or on supplements without necessarily restricting carbohydrates to the point where you are in ketosis. A MCQ oils can achieve that. Dominic D’Agostino: And also ketone supplements on the market can also achieve that. This is a new idea. But we do know that independent of a carbohydrate restriction, if you administer a ketogenic agent, whether it's a ketone salts, even MCTs or ketone esters, the body will use what's available. So if you elevate that substrate, interestingly, if your ketones are elevated, it seems to facilitate a glucose disposal into the tissue to although it, it kind of appears that because your blood glucose goes down when you administer acutely a ketogenic agent, some individuals, some labs believe that that's an increase in insulin sensitivity that's facilitating glucose disposal that could be happening. But I think when you orally administer a ketogenic compound through counter-regulatory mechanisms, we don't quite understand. There's a decrease in hepatic gluconeogenesis and thereby a paddock glucose output is reduced. We have not done a liver metabolics to figure out what's going on, but it kind of makes sense that it delivers, you know, seeing a high concentration of ketone bodies, it's going to want to spare glucose. Dominic D’Agostino: The glucose you have in your blood now is not like it's the glucose that your liver regulates. So your liver is the master regulator of the glucose that your peripheral tissues seats. So the glucose that's in your blood now, it might be from a couple of days ago, the glycogen that's stored in the liver a couple of days ago. So your liver is like the master regulator. It's why it's important to keep the liver healthy. And when the literacy is ketones, I think that it's a decreasing glucose output. This is important therapeutically for like type two diabetes and also, but it's also kind of important too from a fuel, a dual fuel perspective, which was the question I think people will ask, well what will happen if you throw ketones on top of glucose? You know, then you're just, you're creating this artificial scenario, which could be dangerous. But I believe that, well, we now have experimental data to show that the liver does a pretty good job at recognizing it. Dominic D’Agostino: You know, the, the level of ketones that you have and, and utilizing those fuels and people maybe look at exogenous ketones as an artificial fuel, but it's really just another energy source. I mean you could say that it's creatine, right? I mean, we take or we make creatine, we store it a little bit and when we drink it, we're getting super physiological levels. And from the literature all we can tell it's doing positive things. And I think ketones are kind of like it's good to make them through our own physiology because that forces adaptations and adaptations are necessary for the ketogenic process, that ketone transporter process going across biological membranes. And also with cell C ketones, you're also up regulating keto lit enzymes which allow cells to derive energy and ATP from the ketone molecules. And I think that happens faster when you do it naturally with the ketogenic diet or fasting. And then if you throw ketone supplements on, you know, sparingly. I don't, I don't use em today. I don't use them every day, but I think you can kind of gain, you can kind of gain the system a little bit and gain an advantage. I mean, what our research shows. Wade Lightheart: I can, I would echo that from just a clinical conspiracy, my own stuff. Matt, of course, has been on the ketogenic diet. I'm a, I'm a plant based guy and, but I have an extraordinary blood insulin response, you know, whether it's genetics or whatever. I, you know, when I measure myself, I'm often in a ketogenic state almost when we do our typical fasting on a HomeAway or that sort of stuff. But when I've added ketones, exogenous ketones that Matt's provided for me I, I noticed an instant cognitive performance benefit. Like it's like, okay, I'm a little sharper, everything's a little, little, little crisper and the endurance factor seems amplified for sure. So I, I would echo that just, and that's not very scientific, but it's certainly experimental. And I, and I'm curious, do you kind of do these experiments on your own and then start doing the data and kind of like hitting your bio feedback and then go, I didn't, let's dive into this and see if this is true. I'm just projecting. Or is it you come up with a theory you do in the lab and then you go the other way? I'm kind of curious which way you like to go. Dominic D'Agostino: Well that's a good question. It goes both ways sometimes. And when I got interested in fasting and I read the Cahill studies, then I was like, okay, I gotta do this myself. You know, I gotta, you know, I'm not going to do 40 days, but I'll do a week and see what happens and do the blood work and things like that. And basically all my health markers improved, kind of as you guys would expect. And you know, and as we develop things in the lab, like synthetic ketogenic agents, you know, we'll use them experimentally and sometimes I, you know, take a little myself through the years and, and so some of the things that we use are not, you know, they are experimental compounds right now, but they are tracked towards a clinical use. And once you tinker with these things, then you start to realize some of their potential, right? Their therapeutic potential because some of them like you can actually feel you know, quite remarkably with a acute administration and it's not acting like stimulant. It's not, you know, you're not mixing with caffeine, you're just, you're just elevating the level of available fuel that your brain sees and that has, that has an effect. Matt Gallant: I have a question on that. Cause I usually a twice a year we, we go and do some really extensive hardcore difficult brain training. It's about six hours a day of pushing your brain to its absolute limit, be the equivalent of probably running a couple of marathons a day. And I D I did the first couple of times without ketones and then we started adding like, you know, 30 to 60 grams of esters a day and that allowed us to just continue training cause usually your brain crashing by day three, day four, you know, Wade and I've gone through that. But with the, with the, with the testers, there was no crash. Like day four, day five, day six. I mean you're, you're kind of getting tired, but that's more of a nervous system, you know, but at the same time we were able to continue the training, but the thing that really blew my mind, and I don't understand the, what's going on was the recovery. Like yeah, it gave me a little more energy, but what I really noticed was one, it seemed like I needed almost less sleep taking that many ketones and that I just felt relatively fresh the next day. Again, even despite pushing myself. So from a recovery standpoint, like why, what's going on there? Dominic D’Agostino: Yeah, that's a good, interesting observation too. If you collected data on that, it'd be good to put that together. I, I guess going back to the experience that I can draw off of where I've quantified things to as much as possible would be the NASA extreme environment, mission operations NEMO 22 where a lot of people think I use ketone supplements like every day because we kind of, we're kind of like the people who brought them to market. It mean like Patrick Arnold actually had and you know, years ago and, and different companies or some now. But you know, I don't use ketone supplements every day, but I did during that mission, especially doing the EDAs, the extra vehicular activities and things like that. And for morning multidose and Europe day and and I experimented with in the past. And what I do consistently notice getting back to recovery is that if I'm in a state of deep ketosis I do tend to sleep a little bit less. Dominic D’Agostino: Like lately I've been sleeping like eight hours, sometimes not, but I could sleep about six and a half. And then my amount of deep and REM are the same. So the restorative sleep that I'm getting when my body is in a state of nutritional ketosis seems to be better. So if you have ketones, if your brain has ketones available we now know that the carbon backbone of those ketones are part of the biosynthetic process of making neurotransmitters. Like alpha-ketoglutarate for example, is the precursor to glutamate is the precursor to GABA. And this is called an anaplerotic pathway. So the try-carboxylic acid cycle or the Krebs cycle and the cycle of the NSX make you make the Murray Mallee etc. All these, the, we have demonstrated through metabolomics that these become elevated and you are sort of driving the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters by virtue of increasing TCA cycle intermediates. Dominic D’Agostino: So I believe that this is accelerated a bit because you have the substrate available, you have more precursors can make neuro-transmitters when you sleep. Also, if you're in a state of ketosis, our astrocytes, so we have neurons and we have astrocytes and there's other cells like, like oligodendrocytes and other. But if we just talk about, you know, the two main cells, neurons and astrocytes, the astrocytes tend to store energy in the form of glycogen. When you're on, when you're in a state of ketosis, the ketones will spare just as it does sparing muscle glycogen. The ketones will spare that glycogen in the astrocytes. And part of the restorative process of sleep is to restore the glycogen levels in the astrocytes. So because you're using ketones, you don't have to kind of restore a glycogen levels. So I think that's something. And also there's something called the glymphatic system. Dominic D’Agostino: So your brain has a system that is activated. It's activated all the time, but more so when you sleep and there are things ketones can enhance brain blood flow by 30% with an acute when you acutely elevate ketones with like different ketogenic competence. So I believe that that increase in blood flow and other other factors that are associated with ketosis will increase the glymphatic system performance, if you will. And we'll get a, and this needs to be tested. It's just my, my speculation is that you're enhancing astrocyte glycogen neurotransmitters synthesis and also the glymphatic activity while we sleep. Makes sense. That's a multi-day thing that you're doing. So you're looking at it. So sleep is what would be really important. Matt Gallant: It's critical and we're running dual fuel during that time. So like I'll, I'll, I'll eat a little more carbs. So actually running dual-fuel seems to help. Your thing it seems to help too is like I'll, I'm not a big branch chain amino or amino guy, but adding aminos. So I'm taking 60 grams of ketones, taking like 20 grams of aminos. Plus I'm eating carbs and a lot of good fats as well. And it just seems to help on a lot on all levels. One question that I've had in a, and I haven't seen too much research on this, but experientially I've certainly noticed that. What have you seen in terms of the types of fats and their ketogenic response? Cause for an example, like if I eat animal saturated fats and I measure my ketones, especially like things like pig fat or that it definitely seems to produce more ketones then, you know, monounsaturated, you know, like just different fats seem to produce a different ketone response. What have you seen around that? And, and do you think that's important? Dominic D’Agostino: Yeah, so that's an ongoing question in a ketogenic diet. Well, it should have been ongoing for like 20 years, but only recently are they kind of recognizing that, you know, different fats have different effects. It's not just like macronutrient profiles. And I think it people will have, people have different food sensitivities. So some people who have a dairy a mild dairy allergy, if they take a dairy-based spat it the, the activation of the sympathetic nervous system or various immune factors may actually prevent ketone production. You know, so that's, I found that mildly in myself. But I kind of going back to your observation, I think a fat in the form of butter, you know, a meat fat like pork fat be fat and to some extent maybe chicken fat, these all contribute to very stable, predictable ketone production and meat. And when I tried to sort of mimic that with more of a plant based, I could get my ketones elevated, but it's a little bit less predictable. Dominic D’Agostino: But I think that's primarily because of sort of the plants that I'm getting the fat from. Like nuts, like macadamia nuts and almonds and avocados. You're delivering fiber with it too. So sometimes I can get my ketones elevated to the same extent. And sometimes I think because the natural fibers that are in plants are maybe preventing the release of the fat. And it's going through me. I know if I like a lot of raw homage or something like that, I'm definitely not absorbing all those fats, you know. So if I eat an equivalent amount of fat from raw almond as opposed to pig fat and I acutely do it, I eat the meal and then measure fat. There you're keeping on production will be like proportional to the amount of fat that the liver is seen, dietary fat. So it's kinda hard to quantify that. I guess you could use plant oils and things like that, but Matt Gallant: It seemed that though of course there's the neutrogenomic aspect, there are certain certain genes that obviously seem to indicate better saturated fat breakdown and so on and so forth. So there's probably a pretty strong genetic component to that question. Dominic D'Agostino: Absolutely. And you know, I sh I would like to know more about that and I try to keep up on that as much as possible. I have my own 23andme data and just looking at, you know, putting it on different platforms. I kind of know what works me just through experientially and I know some people have, you know, they have different snips that prevent them from, from metabolizing fatty acids as efficiently as possible. And it may not be an honor off kind of thing, but on a spectrum, right. And some people are just poor oxidizers or metabolizers of fat, so they will if they eat a high fat diet of animal fat, they feel sick, they don't feel good and their triglycerides go up and then does it come down over time. And I would tell that person don't do an animal based. Dominic D'Agostino: You know, and some people feel really good on a, on a plant based diet and all their health markers improve. And you know, I don't know if they give the ketogenic diet enough time, but cause your body does need to adapt to that over time. But I'm not one or the other. But actually I probably eat an enormous amount of plants and I have lots of and I do believe that they should sort of be in the raw form as much as possible. A lot of broccoli, asparagus, cauliflower, things like that and a big salad pretty much every day. And then I add a fatty beef, chicken or a lot of fish and eat a lot of fish in our house to that salad typically. And then maybe add oil on top of that in the form of avocado oil, macadamia nut oil, olive oil. And then I mix MCT oil with the salad dressings too. So I find that the optimal way to get my ketones as high as possible. Matt Gallant: I mean, Wade is the king of the big ass salad. He is, you know, we had introduced me to that know 20 years ago when we were both living in Vancouver and a half to say. And usually I'll try to do at least one big, a solid a week that just like another energy component that I feel from, I don't know if it's a phytonutrients or what's going on exactly. But you know, it, it kicks her, it just kicks something in. So wait, I mean maybe talk about your big ass salad strategy. Dominic D’Agostino: Yeah, I'd like to hear that. I mean, from a, I'll add this real quick if you, cause there's a lot of people are carnivore now and they do one or the other, but if you put your meat, if you eat it with a salad, the fiber from the salad will delay gastric absorption. And also it's aiding your gut microbiome, especially if you have a diverse array of things in the salad. And that's actually enhancing. It's decreasing your glucose and insulin response to the protein. But but I also think it's promoting, you know, healthy digestion, optimal gut microbiome. So I'm just kinda throwing it out there because I dunno, I just posted something recently and someone said, I'm killing myself by eating plants or something because plants are trying to kill you. So it's like, Wade Lightheart: Yeah, that's a pretty extreme position that something Wade Lightheart: We have adapted convenience land. Like wow, I didn't know my salad was so dangerous. Yeah. I've, I've been a big proponent of, you know, there's this certain, you know, when I go, I go to obviously whole foods and things like that to the salad bar, especially when I'm on the road. That's my first stop. And there's something I, there's two things that I think are anecdotally interesting. One is I noticed they're at different times I'll be attracted to different colors. Like I like and, and, and I always indicate to me that there's some sort of mechanism that's letting me know that I need to get more beets today or I need to get more cabbage or whatever it happens to be that. And so I always find it interesting about the colors. The second thing that I've noticed, it was without a doubt, and I'll be going to whole foods right after this call in variably I make these giant sounds like I get the big green bowls at the whole foods that they have them and it's piled up and it's 30 bucks or whatever for my salad. Wade Lightheart: And every single time somebody in the lineup or the cashier will comment that and say, that looks amazing. And I find that's a very interesting response that it's so across the board that there's seems to be some sort of internal recognition that that's good or that's healthy or that's something that I'd like to try. You know, cause it's obviously a ridiculous salad, but I think there was a good point you brought up was the fiber relation to insulin response or the use of fats. And it's, I believe it's one of the reasons why I have such a great insulin response to spite the fact I'm on a plant based diet. I eat a ton of carbs. Yet when you do my testing, it's like, it looks like I'm on a ketogenic diet from a, from an insulin response. Any other comments on your work? Dominic D’Agostino: It doesn't surprise me. I mean, you know, all those vegetables are carbohydrates, right? So as you would expect an increase in glucose, but if you have a steak and then you have that same steak with a big salad you will have a less of a glycaemic response and less of a rise in insulin too because it's the fiber is delaying gastric absorption to some extent and just delaying the breakdown and release of amino acids into the blood. And and I think it's even more pronounced if you add back to that salad. I actually think of in ketogenic diet formulation, the vegetables are a way are a fat delivery vehicle. So you could lightly steam vegetables, saute them, and then add a lot of fat to that or a salad. You can add a significant amount that to that you can add up condos and nuts and olive oil or a mixed oil dressing and then deliver in a relatively small salad, you can deliver 50 or 60 grams of fat. Dominic D’Agostino: So that, that's, that's important clinically. And this, these approaches are now being used and to keep the genic diets that are having better outcomes as far as seizure controls or metabolic management of particular disorders. And it kinda goes against what was traditionally that the carbohydrates need to be below a certain level. You're adding a lot more carbohydrates in the form of these essentially non glycemic fats, but the fiber and the phytonutrients and other factors are greatly helping to actually induce and sustain ketosis. And you're actually probably significantly enhancing the nutritional status of that patient too by not, you know, eliminating plants, which some ketogenic diets do, but actually being very liberal with your plants consumption, which I think as our nutrition evolves, we need to start incorporating more plants into ketogenic diets. Wade Lightheart: Sounds like there might be an actual unification between ketogenic and plant based diet. Yeah, I'm on that. I'm on that train because you know, we're just into optimal. What is the optimal diet for any given person in there, any, any given lifestyle and something they can sustain. So yeah, great, great to hear that you're on the bleeding edge of that. Matt Gallant: Speaking of optimal diets, I mean when one thing I'll share is I optimize my big ass salad using VIUM data. So the VIUM data is, it got tests and you can send them a school sample and it tells you which foods you should eat, a lot of which food you should eat less of. So I decided, you know what, I'm going to build like a super salad kind of just with the foods that it's saying or should eat a lot of. Matt Gallant: So for example, watercress, rucola those came up because I, I guess I have the gut biome that breaks those foods down. So what was really fascinating was despite eating like two pounds of, it almost sounds about two pounds. I would just incinerate it, like almost nothing would come out and like even my weight would go down. It almost like it almost defied science in the sense that it's like, okay, I'm meeting two pounds, almost nothing's coming out and my weight would drop. And, but if we look at it from a gut biome perspective where they're eating all, like I'm feeding all the bacteria that I have and they're just devouring that food, then it does make sense. So I just wanted to share that anecdotal story cause it kind of surprised me so significantly. You know, it is to shift gears here. You know, to talk about a subject that I think is, is near and dear to all of our hearts, which has cancer. I lost one of my best friends and recently an Matt Gallant::Aunt and an uncle and I like Wade to share his story about his experience with this. And then I love to get into what you've seen as far as ketosis, ketones and cancer. But Wade, why don't you share your story? Wade Lightheart: Yeah. So for those who don't know my sister died at the age of 22. She got sick with Hodgkin's disease of formula lymphatic cancer and progressed over four years. When I was young, it had a big impact, got me into kind of physiology and exercise and performance. And I've been graced now to actually serve as an advisor for the American Anti-Cancer Institute. And we help people who are either going through cancer or recovering from cancer to, to, to make better nutritional solo selections and to prevent it in the future or to optimize their diet. So it's something I'm really, really passionate about. And I'm curious what you have kind of revealed, cause I think one of the, one of the things you talk about was the death at cancer. The, the powerful effects of both the ketogenic diet and its relation to the pre cancer prevention or even as an augmentation. What, what, of, what's kind of fueled that and what have you learned and how can people who may be in one of those situations, where would they go and how would they start researching and for the self to kind of create the best survival situation for them? Dominic D’Agostino: Yeah, that's a, well, it's kind of a long story, but I'll make it as short as possible. Some of the, some of the technologies that we developed for the office of Navy research allowed us to look at a variety of cell lines. And one of them was a equal glioblastoma, a cancer cell line. And I made two observations. One was that high pressure oxygen killed the cancer cells faster than normal healthy cells. And that was because cancer cells had a dysregulation in their mitochondrial function. And if you hyper oxygenate them, they divert more molecular oxygen to super oxide anion, which is the precursor free radical that can go on to other radicals that can basically trigger apoptosis and cells. So we observed this acutely and I thought it was interesting and nobody had observed it before because they didn't have a confocal microscope inside a hyperbaric chamber. Dominic D’Agostino: So so this was like, I was curiously interested in that. And also when I grew cancer cells under different substrates, including low glucose or high glucose in particular high ketones, the ketones suppressed the growth and proliferation of the cancer cell lines I was looking at. So I made, I made two observations studying a military project, which is oxygen and how high oxygen high ketones are bad for cancer. So, so a, a PhD student came along and actually this became a PhD. She's now Dr Angela Pop. And throughout her PhD studies in the lab, we observed that a ketogenic diet with hyperbaric oxygen therapy given three times per week suppressed the growth of a cancer in a particularly aggressive form of metastatic cancer, a model of metastatic cancer that we had in the lab. And you know, so it, it kind of begs the question then, how does a high fat ketogenic diet, how does that contribute to suppressing cancer growth? Dominic D’Agostino: And proliferation and it does it through a number of different pathways. One is that we understand now we actually did back, you know, in the 1920s and thirties, that cancer growth is primarily fueled by glucose and cancer cells preferentially use a higher consumption glucose than normal. Healthy cells do. And we can, we can use a fluorodeoxyglucose pet scan oncologists use a pet scan to image the location and aggressiveness of cancer, but they don't really use that information to target the cancer. But we can, we can share through our best imaging techniques that, that there are consumption of glucose a hundred times higher in certain cancers relative to the healthy tissue that's surrounding it. So it's out competing the healthy tissue to get the glucose. So it keeps a genic diet restricts glucose availability to some extent, right? We know baseline glucose doesn't change all that much unless calories are restricted. Dominic D’Agostino: But when you eat a ketogenic diet, there is a very minimal increase in blood glucose and insulin. When you eat at carbohydrate-based diet, there's a relatively high spike in glucose and insulin. Those spikes in glucose and insulin are abolished if not significantly attenuated on a ketogenic diet. So I think that's important. And, and really what's important, it's a suppression of the hormone insulin. That's how actually we make ketones. The ketogenetic diet works by suppressing the hormone insulin, maybe slightly increase in glucagon and that accelerates fatty acid oxidation in the liver. And that continual suppression of the hormone insulin is absolutely necessary for us to stay in a state of ketosis. Cancer cells are there, growth is driven by insulin. IGF1, PI3-kinase, AKT/mTOR pathway and a few other, you know, things related to that. So what the key to dining diet does is suppress insulin and insulin signaling. Dominic D’Agostino: IGF1, PI3-kinase, AKT/mTOR pathway is acutely and continually suppressed if you follow a ketogenic diet. So what that does is it takes the foot off the gas pedal of cancer growth. Most cancers are driven in growth and proliferation by this particular pathway. And that's why pharmaceutical companies are scrambling to develop drugs that target enter PI three kinase IGF one, things like that. So that the ketogenic diet does that naturally as this fasting, but that that can't be sustained. So what you do is create a scenario where you slow down cancer growth. The ketogenic diet is not going to cure cancer. So that's really important. But what you do is you see in some people it has actually, so I should kind of stop and there's anecdotal or it's an even case board, but most importantly it will slow cancer growth and make cancer a more vulnerable target for other modalities. Dominic D’Agostino: And those modalities could be chemotherapy, it could be radiation. We know from clinical data that chemo and radiation can be a lifesaving for many people there are things like advanced brain cancer and metastatic cancer where these things do not offer much of an advantage. But in the context that I keep a general diet, you may sensitize the tumor in a way or make it more vulnerable to make the cancer or the tumor solid tumor more sensitive to these modalities. And also immune based therapies to may work better in the context of the ketogenic diet where you are limiting glucose availability. So essentially what's that's doing? It's suppressing the glycolytic pathway. That's how cancer cells are primarily making energy, glutamine and glucose. When cancer cells do that, it activates a particular pathway called the pentose phosphate pathway. And that pathway develops, it generates reduced glutathione, and that reduced glutathione makes that cell like a super cell. Dominic D’Agostino: It can protect it against a chemo and radiation because it's, it's an endogenous antioxidant. If you inhibit the glycolytic pathway, you could do it with a Cuban drank diet. There are now drugs that inhibit glycolytic pathways. You crippled the cancer cells ability to defend itself by virtue of suppressing reduced glutathione. And so now that cancer cell becomes more vulnerable target, especially to modalities that kill cancer cells through an oxidative stress mechanism. And that could be various chemo drugs and also radiation. So I'm trying to keep it as simple as possible, but I think that the thing is that the, the, the ketogenic diet works through many different ways. I just described a metabolic way, but it also functioned that suppressing inflammation, which is a major driver of cancer. And then the ketone bodies themselves are epigenetic regulators by acting as class one and class two histone deacetylase inhibitors. So that's an intense area of focus now in our lab and other labs as ketones functioning as signaling molecules, even hormones, if you like, in ways that have anticancer effects by activating tumor suppressors and actually turning off or turning down a oncogenic drivers. So that's an area of intense interest right now that ketones functioning independent of metabolism as influencing various anti-inflammatory pathways. NF-Κb, NALP3 inflammasome, but also through epigenetic regulation. Matt Gallant: I'm gonna steal a question from Tim Ferris and see if your answers is different today, which is if you or a loved one had cancer, what would you do? Dominic D’Agostino: Find out what all the options are given the type of cancer if it's an option where, or if it's a type of cancer where the options are very limited in regards to the standard of care not being very efficacious, and if it's minimally efficacious, you have to evaluate the patient, you know, with their doctor, whether it's worth doing that. Right. So I guess the simplest thing to do is to use a what's called a glucose ketone index. So we know if we can normal glucose being five millimolar, say if we could bring our glucose down to say three millimolar and elevate our ketones to three millimolar, that would give us a glucose ketone index of one. So if our glucose stays at four millimolar and we get our ketones only at two millimolar, that would give us a glucose ketone index of two. Dominic D’Agostino: If you could maintain a glucose ketone index of one to two, even one to four, normal American is like 25, right? So if we can bring that down from 25, which is a glucose dominant metabolism to a glucose ketone index between one and four, again, which is glucose over ketones in millimolar concentrations. And in America we use milligrams per deciliter for some reason, but in millimolar concentrations, so get a GKI of one to four and that will slow cancer growth. Right? I think that's incredibly important. Evaluate the potential for drugs like Metformin. Metformin is available. You could jump online and probably get it. Metformin is when we started studying Metformin, there was maybe two or three clinical trials. Now there's about 200 clinical trials looking at the drug, Metformin as a means to enhance other

Performance during continuous or intermittent high-intensity exercise can be limited, at least in part, by the accumulation of hydrogen ions (H+) which reduce muscle pH and interfere with muscle contractile and metabolic processes. There is evidence that both ß-alanine and sodium bicarbonate ingestion can enhance exercise performance during single or repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise in which energy is supplied predominantly through anaerobic glycolysis. On this episode with Dr. Bryan Saunders we tackle the role of both these supplements in increasing muscle buffering capacity in cycling.

I had a wonderful time sitting down with Mona, my first Supervising Physician when I graduated PA School, to talk about a variety of topics related to patient care and the medical experience. This was an unplanned interview so we went wherever the conversation took us and I couldn’t have been happier with the results. Our relaxed 2 hour conversation after dinner was edited down resulting in a wonderful 50 mins that I honestly feel anyone interested working in Medicine should listen to. Thank YOU for listening to it and continuing to make Maybe Medical a success! Medical Doctor (Physician)* Diagnose and treat injuries or illnesses. Examine patients; take medical histories; prescribe medications; and order, perform, and interpret diagnostic tests. They counsel patients on diet, hygiene, and preventive healthcare using evidence based medicine. 2018 Median Pay: Wage is equal to or greater than $208,000 per year (or $100.00 per hour). Educational Degree: Doctoral Degree (8 years of College on Average) Number of US Jobs in 2016: 713,800 Job Outlook 2016 - 2026: 13% (Faster than Average) *Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, Physicians and Surgeons Incredible Video by Brene Brown on Empathy Urgent Care - Walk-in clinics focused on the delivery of acute care in a dedicated medical facility outside of a traditional emergency room. Urgent care centers treat injuries and illnesses that are not serious enough to require an emergency department visit. Medical Residency - Training after graduating from Medical School. Minimum of three years for primary care physicians and some other specialties, but up to five years or more for some surgical specialties. Biochemistry - The study of the chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. Internal Medicine - The medical specialty dealing with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of adult diseases. Primary Care (AKA PCP or GP [General Practice]) - Day to day healthcare given by a provider including health promotion, disease prevention, health maintenance, counseling, diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic illnesses, and patient education. Mammogram - The imaging process using low-energy X-rays to examine the breast for diagnosis and screening, commonly with the goal of early detection of breast cancer. Anxiety - Intense persistent, or transient, excessive worrying and fear about factors not usually fear inducing. Depression - Medical illness with a variety of symptoms with the main one being a depressed mood or loss of interest in activities, may cause significant impairment in daily life and may result in suicidal attempts if severe enough and untreated. CMP (Comprehensive Metabolic Panel) - Blood test that generally includes Albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Calcium, Carbon dioxide (Bicarbonate), Chloride, Creatinine, Glucose, Potassium, Sodium, Total Bilirubin and Protein. Different from a Basic Metabolic Panel in that it usually includes Liver Enzymes of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST). SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor) - Very common class of medication used for depression and a variety of other mental health issues. Acid Reflux (AKA “Heartburn” or GERD [Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease]) - Usually due to excessive eating, laying down after eating in bed, or medication related in which there is a burning sensation in the chest, very common and may lead to further damage or cancer of the esophagus if untreated. Stages of Grief (Kubler-Ross Model) - Progression of emotional states experienced by both terminally ill patients after diagnosis and by loved-ones after a death. The five stages are chronologically: denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. The stages vary in duration depending on the person and not everyone experiences all five stages. GI (Gastroenterology) - The branch of medicine focused on the digestive system. Prilosec - Common Proton Pump Inhibitor that is used to treat GERD. Lipase - Pancreatic enzyme (used in the digestion of food) in which it is elevated due to alcoholism, medications, pancreatic cancer, and other reasons. Numbers Need to Treat - Average number of patients who need to be treated to prevent one additional bad outcome. Colon Cancer - Cancer of the large intestine, at times may not be apparent until a perforation (hole in the colon) or bloody stool occurs. Sepsis - A potentially life-threatening condition caused by the body's response to an infection. Extubate - To remove the endotracheal tube (breathing tube) when someone is ventilated (on a breathing machine). May be removed as they are improving and no longer need it, or when the determination of brain death has been made to allow the patient to die. Subdural Hemorrhage - Blood gathers between the inner layer of the dura mater and the arachnoid mater of the brain, generally related to trauma and may be life threatening. Blood Culture - A critical lab that checks for blood infection from bacteria, yeast, and other microorganisms. Having a blood infection is a condition known as bacteremia. Hospitalist - Medical Provider responsible for care of a patient admitted to the hospital. CHF (Congestive Heart Failure) - Heart’s inability as a pump to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. Signs and symptoms often include shortness of breath and leg swelling. Pneumonia - Infection of the lung, may be life threatening, usually due to bacteria, but may be fungal, chemical, or viral in nature. “Crashing” - A slang term used to describe a patient who is doing poorly and may be imminently dying soon. May include severely low blood pressure, heart arrhythmias, or issues breathing as a few common examples. 8 on 13 off - Working 8 days in a row of 10 or 12 hour shifts, then having 13 days off. Often a 7 on 7 off schedule is common. Scrubs Patient Advocacy - Doing what is best for the patient in all facets of care provided.  Listening to and understanding their needs. Renal Failure - May vary in severity from mild to “end-stage” kidney failure. May include leg swelling, feeling tired, vomiting, loss of appetite, or confusion. May require the person to be on dialysis. Vancomycin - A very strong antibiotic used to treat a variety of infections, may be used intravenously or by mouth. Drug Trough - The lowest concentration reached by a drug before the next dose is administered, often used in therapeutic drug monitoring. Tenements TB (Tuberculosis) - An infectious disease often caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Great Depression Era Aflotoxin Aspergillus Flavum Mold - A fungal toxin that commonly contaminates corn and other types of crops during production, harvest, storage or processing that may cause cancer. PA (Physician Assistant) - Providers who practice medicine on teams with Physicians and other healthcare workers. They examine, diagnose, and treat patients autonomously and as part of a team in all various specialties of medicine. On average a Master's level degree of education. MA (Medical Assistant) – A health professional that works along side a medical team in an inpatient or outpatient setting. NP (Nurse Practitioner) - A nurse practitioner is trained to assess patient needs, order and interpret diagnostic and laboratory tests, diagnose illness and disease, prescribe medication and formulate treatment plans. They may work in a solo practice independently or they may work within part of a hospital system. They graduate from a Master's or Doctorate level medical program. OR (Operating Room) - Where surgeries take place. Reimbursement - Payment for care provided. Medicare - Government provided healthcare insurance to those over 65, young people with disabilities, and people with end stage renal disease. On-Call - Being ready and available to go into the hospital to provide patient care or answer medical questions while being away from the hospital/clinic. Insulin - Hormone the pancreas produces to help metabolize food for absorption and often either does not work or is not produced in diabetics, thus they may need external insulin. Scribe - Entry level medical personnel responsible for charting medical provider-patient encounters in real time, such as during medical examinations to assist the person in seeing more patients over a time frame. Homeopathy - A medical system with it’s foundation believing that the body can cure itself or with the use of tiny amounts of natural substances, like plants and minerals. Pulmonology - A medical specialty that deals with diseases involving the respiratory tract. Human Genome Project Neurology - The area of medicine focused on the nervous system.  This includes the nerves, brain, and spine. Psychology - The science focused on personal behavior and the mind, including conscious and unconscious process, as well as feeling and thought. MCAT (Medical College Admissions Test) - Standardized test used for students trying to get into Medical School. Meharry Medical School CVA (Cerebral Vascular Assault, Stroke) – Possible permanent damage to the brain from a loss of blood flow from either rupture of a blood vessel or obstruction from a tumor, clot, plaque, etc. 9 to 5 Tootsie Each and every episode of Maybe Medical is for educational purposes only, not to be taken as medical advice.  The opinions of those involved are of their own and not representative of their employer.

What is the deal with supplements? Are they good, bad or just plain ugly? Ryan and I sit down this week and have a no-nonsense, candid discussion about supplements and what they take to improve their fitness levels in the gym and at home. We talk everything from Alanine to ZMA in this episode and we hope you enjoy!

Ep. 306: Can Collagen Affect My Digestion for Good or Ill? In this episode, Stacy and Sarah talk collagen and digestion! Click here to listen in iTunes If you enjoy the show, please review it in iTunes! The Paleo View (TPV), Episode 306: Can Collagen Affect My Digestion for Good or Ill? Intro (0:00) News and Views (0:40) Sarah has had her nose to the grindstone, wrapping up her new book draft. It is a microbiome book! She has had to learn a lot of new things and expand her knowledge base. We're doing something new! We're going to be working with and sharing with you more brands here that we use and love. To kick off, we have our favorite products from Vital Proteins, available in bundles with a discount. Sarah and Stacy have both been using Vital Proteins Collagen for 4-5+ years. Stacy doesn't go a single day without collagen and liver pills. She can tell a difference if she misses even one day. Sarah goes through a big tub of collagen every month. She can feel the difference it makes in her joints. Sarah also loves Dr. Sarah Ballantyne's Veggie Blend, for obvious reasons! Sarah also loves the Cartilage Collagen and Gelatin. Question from a listener about Collagen. Cindy asks, "Hi ladies: Thank you for your amazing podcast and all of the wonderful information the both of you share. You both have inspired and motivated me to focus on real foods and look at healing through lifestyle and nutrient density. Here's the question- with Sarah's new Vital Proteins product (Collagen Veggie Blend), I'm curious about reactions to collagen. I have noticed that I can have 1/2-1 scoop of VP collagen in my coffee or smoothie or water and feel fine. However, if I go over 1 scoop, I find that I get bloated, gassy, and sometimes "everybody out" moments. Everyone talks about all the benefits to adding collagen to their diet, but I can't seem to find a good explanation for those of us who seem to react to it. Can you discuss why some of us may be reacting to collagen? Is bone broth enough to get all the benefits of added collagen? Thanks so much for all you do!" What is Collagen and why is it important? Collagen is the main structural protein in our bodies. It is found in the space between our cells, the glue that holds our cells together. Collagen is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up from 25% to 35% of protein in our bodies. Supplementing with collagen is helpful because it provides us with the raw materials to make collagen in our bodies. Collagen is made up of amino acids that we can be deficient in if our main source of protein is muscle meat. Collagen has a unique balance of amino acids compared to protein from muscle meat. Collagen Peptides versus Gelatin. Both are considered hydrolyzed versions of collagen. It is broken apart more and easier for us to digest. Gelatin will make something "gummy" or gelatin. Collagen peptides are broken down even further and will dissolve easily, and won't solidify or gel. The amino acid profile is the same in gelatin and collagen peptides. They just react differently in food preparation. Collagen is considered almost a complete protein. 20% of the protein in collagen is glycine. It is phenomenally important! Needed for sleep quality, memory, synthesis of bile acids, synthesis of several extremely important proteins, immune regulation, etc. Glutamic acid is important for neurotransmitters and cellular metabolism. It also may add an umami quality to food. Collagen is high in Proline and Hydroxyproline, at 11% each. It is essential for skin, joints, tendons, and cardiac muscle. Alanine is 8% of collagen. It increase exercise capacity, help build lean muscle mass, and improve immunity. Arginine is also found at 8% in collagen. Important cell division, wound healing, hormone release, and immune function. Aspartic Acid is 6% of collagen. Involved in the citric acid and urea cycles in the body and plays a role in gluconeogenesis. All of the other amino acids make up about 24% of collagen. Bone broth is not as concentrated with amino acids typically. Broth is still an amazing super food, but collagen peptides is more concentrated in collagen. There are 20 amino acids that our bodies use to make the proteins in our body. There are 9 amino acids called "essential," because we can't make them ourselves. We must get these from food. Collagen has 8 out of 9 of these essential amino acids. It contains little tryptophan and is not very high in isoleucine, threonine, and methionine. This is why collagen isn't a "complete protein." Studies show that collagen peptides are highly bioavailable. 90% of amino acids are absorbed within 6 hours. It is extremely useful protein! We're not consuming traditional foods like our ancestors used to, like organ meats and slow boiled soup. Stacy and Sarah don't tend to make a lot of soups during the summer. What can cause a negative reaction to collagen? An allergy: a triggered immune response to beef. Some people with beef allergies don't react to collagen, some do. An allergic reaction usually happens within 2 hours. Hives, rash, nausea, stomach symptoms, sneezing, running nose, anaphylaxis, etc. Food intolerance: slower build and typically occur 4 hours to 4 days after consumption. Stomach symptoms, fatigue, headache, skin problems, mood changes. Antibody driven immune reaction without the release of histamine. Eliminating the food, and working on the immune system can help. Gut bacteria love to eat Amino Acids. Gut bacteria eat more than just fiber! Gut bacteria love to eat glycine. Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus group, and Proteobacteria When they metabolize glycine they produce important beneficial things. Consumption of glycine by gut bacteria may be required for glutathione production. If there is an imbalance of bacteria or dysbiosis, they can change the acidity of the environment. This can cause GI symptoms. Don't eliminate collagen completely, just keep the dose low enough to not get symptoms. Address other factors that are important for gut health. If you know someone in your life who could benefit from collagen, please share this podcast with them. Don't forget our special Vital Proteins page here! We really appreciate your support over the years- shopping through our links and buying our books. If you've enjoyed the show, please recommend it to someone who might enjoy it. We love when you share and when you leave reviews for us! Thanks for listening! Real Everything The Paleo Mom References: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5350494/ http://msb.embopress.org/content/11/10/834 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4425181/ https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/11/151106062708.htm

The post Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) appeared first on NURSING.com.

Episode 68 of the Guru Performance 'We Do Science' Podcast! In this episode I (Laurent Bannock) discuss 'Beta Alanine Supplementation & Performance' with Abbie Smith-Ryan PhD, University of North Carolina, USA - and Professor Craig Sale, Nottingham Trent University, UK. In this session we get into: Mechanisms and Use of Beta Alanine Supplementation Overview Carnosine & Buffering Beta Alanine Supplementation Strategies Safety of Beta Alanine Effects of Beta Alanine on Exercise Performance Checkout our other podcasts, video blogs and articles on all things performance nutrition at www.GuruPerformance.com

A study in the December issue of Gastroenterology examined the relationship between low–normal and high–normal levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and various cardiovascular risk factors; Dr. Kuemmerle speaks to first author Dr. M. Shadab Siddiqui

The peptidoglycan cell wall (CW) and the actin-like MreB cytoskeleton are the majordeterminants of cell morphology in non-spherical bacteria. Bacillus subtilis is a rod-shaped Grampositive bacterium that has three MreB isoforms: MreB, Mbl (MreB–like) and MreBH (MreBHomologue). Over the last decade, all three proteins were reported to localize in dynamic filamentous helical structures running the length of the cells underneath the membrane. This helical pattern led to a model where the extended MreB structures act as scaffolds to position CW-synthesizing machineries along sidewalls. However, the dynamic relationship between the MreB cytoskeleton and CW elongation complexes remained to be elucidated. Here we describe the characterization of the dynamics of the three MreB isoforms, CW synthesis and elongation complexes in live Bacillus subtilis cells at high spatial and temporal resolution. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) we found that MreB, Mbl and MreBH actually do not assemble into an extended helical structure but instead into discrete patches that move processively along peripheral tracks perpendicular to the long axis of the cell. We found similar patch localization and dynamics for several morphogenetic factors and CW-synthesizing enzymes including MreD, MreC, RodA, PbpH and PBP2a. Furthermore, using fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), we showed that treadmilling of MreB filaments does not drive patch motility, as expected from the structural homology to actin. Blocking CW synthesis with antibiotics that target different steps of the peptidoglycan biosynthetic pathway stopped MreB patches motion, suggesting that CW synthesis is the driving force of patch motility. On the basis of these findings, we proposed a new model for MreB fuction in which MreB polymers restrict and orient patch motility to ensure controlled lateral CW expansion, thereby maintaining cell shape. To further investigate the molecular mechanism underlying MreB action, we next performed a site-directed mutagenesis analysis. Alanine substitutions of three charged amino 2 acids of MreB generated a B. subtilis strain with cell shape and growth defects. TIRFM analysis revealed that the mutated MreB protein displayed wild-type localization and dynamics, suggesting that it is still associated to the CW elongation machinery but might be defective in an interaction important for MreB morphogenetic function. Thus, this mutant appears as as a good candidate to start characterizing the interactions between the three MreB isoforms and components involved in CW elongation. It might also help to understand the function of components of theCWsynthetic complexes, and how they are coordinated to achieve efficient CW synthesis. Finally, to investigate how the integrity of the CW is maintained, we studied the localization and dynamics of the LiaIH-system, which i s t he t arget o f L iaRS, a t wo-component system involved in cell envelope stress response. We found that under stress conditions, when liaI and LiaH genes are expressed, the proteins form static complexes that coat the cell membrane. LiaI is required for the even distribution of the LiaH in the membrane. Taken together, these data suggest that LiaIH complexes may protect the cell from CW damage. Taken together, the findings described in this thesis provide valuable insights into the understanding of CW synthesis in B. subtilis, which may open new perspectives for the design of novel antimicrobial agents.

Aaron Hautala of the Cuyuna Lakes Whiteout checks in and Nathan Daley shares two supplements that can help your performance. Go to the show page for the show details, links, and a show outline.

In patients with hepatitis c virus infection and early-stage fibrosis, increased levels of alanine aminotransferase was found to correlate with liver stiffness among patients in the lowest strata of fibrosis. Dr. Kuemmerle speaks with Dr. Nezam Afdhal.

Das kongenitale zentrale Hypoventilationssyndrom (Undine-Syndrom) ist eine multisymptomale Erkrankung des autonomen Nervensystems, durch Störung der Migration der Neuralleistenzellen, im Rahmen der embryologischen Entwicklung. Klinisches Hauptmerkmal stellt die alveoläre Hypoventilation der Patienten im Schlaf dar. Den Patienten fehlt der Automatismus des Atemantriebs, die Atmung im Wachen ist im klassischen Fall unbeeinträchtigt, nachts ist eine Beatmung erforderlich. Die Diagnosestellung dieses Syndroms, war bislang nur als Ausschlussdiagnose, mit entsprechendem Zeitaufwand und klinischen Belastungen des Patienten, durch invasive Diagnostik möglich. Im Jahr 2003 wurden Mutationen im PHOX2B Gen als ursächlich für das Auftreten eines kongenitalen zentralen Hypoventilationssyndroms nachgewiesen. Es gelang im Rahmen dieser Arbeit, in Anlehnung an ein in der Literatur veröffentlichtes Protokoll, eine genetische Diagnostik des CCHS in unserem Labor zu etablieren. Die initial auch in der Literatur beschriebenen Probleme der Allelverluste im Rahmen der PCR, konnten durch Modifikationen der Methode behoben werden. Zusätzlich wurden die im Gelbild erhobenen Befunde durch Fragmentlängenanalysen und Sequenzierungen des Genabschnittes verifiziert. Es konnten von 2004 bis 2008 bei 12 Patienten Mutationen im PHOX2B Gen nachgewiesen werden. Eine der nachgewiesenen Expansionsmutationen stellt die längste bislang in der Literatur beschriebene Expansion dar. In unserem Patientengut besteht bei 92 % der Patienten eine Mutation im 20 Alanine umfassenden Polyalaninrepeat des PHOX2B Gens. Mit einem im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelten Fragebogen, wurden bei den einsendenden Ärzten Informationen zum Krankheitsbild erhoben. Eine Genotyp--Phänotyp Korrelation konnte nachgewiesen werden. Die genetische Untersuchung ermöglicht somit, neben der reinen Krankheitsdiagnose, auch noch eine prognostische Einschätzung des Krankheitsverlaufes, sowie eine Anpassung weiterer diagnostischer Schritte. Zusammenfassend sind die für das CCHS ursächlichen PHOX2B Mutationen durch eine Mutationsanalyse gut und sicher nachweisbar. Amplifikation und Geldarstellung des Polyalaninrepeats stellen ein methodisch gut durchführbares, und für mögliche Verdachtspatienten kaum belastendes, Verfahren dar. Eine frühe und sichere Diagnosestellung des CCHS und - aufgrund der bestehenden Genotyp-Phänotyp Korrelation - auch eine Prognosebeurteilung, werden hierdurch ermöglicht. Der Status als „Ausschlussdiagnose” mit der Notwendigkeit multipler, belastender und invasiver Diagnostik, ist für das kongenitale zentrale Hypoventilationssyndrom, nach heutigem Stand, nicht mehr gerechtfertigt.

Dr. Mamie H. Dong discusses her manuscript "Serum Levels of Alanine Aminotransferase Decrease With Age in Longitudinal Analysis." To view the print version of this abstract go to http://bit.ly/Aiv0fy.

Maciej Henneberg gives a talk for the UBVO seminar series entitled 'Alanine Transaminase is a better marker than Socio-Cultural Factors for Body Mass Increase in Healthy Males: A Study of 46,000 Swiss Conscripts'.

Mitosis is the process by which sister chromatids are equally segregated into two daughter cells. Tight control in various events during mitotic progression is essential for maintaining chromosome stability. Mitotic kinases including Cyclin dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) and Aurora family are required for regulating proper mitotic progression by phosphorylating mitotic substrates thereby, controlling their activities, localization or abundance. On the other hand, these mitotic kinases are modulated by de-novo synthesis, activators, phosphorylation and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. A thorough understanding of the function and regulation of mitotic kinases could further our knowledge on mitotic progression. In the first part of the thesis, we investigated the expression, localization and regulation of human Lats1 kinase, which is a close homologue of the yeast Dbf2 kinase family involved in the mitotic exit network (MEN). Despite the fact that Lats1 has been suggested to be a spindle protein that binds and inactivates Cdk1, we found that Lats1 is mainly cytoplasmic throughout the cell cycle by immunofluorescence microscopy. Both yeast two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation showed no significant interaction between Lats1 and Cdk1. Although Lats1 was highly phosphorylated during mitosis, no detectable kinase activity was observed. However, we identified Ste20 like kinase MST2 as the upstream regulator of human Lats1. Phosphorylation of Lats1 by Mst2 resulted in the activation of Lats1 kinase activity both in vivo and in vitro. This kinase-substrate relation was proven to be specific, as another distant Mst2 homolog, Mst4, did not possess this ability. Subsequent mass-spectrometry-based phosphosites analysis revealed that Mst2 phosphorylates Lats1 on more than five residues. Alanine mutations on Lats1T1079 and S909 impaired Lats1 kinase activity. Thus, we could not confirm the suggested role of Lat1 in mitosis. Instead, we show that similar to its Drosophila ortholog, Lats1 is involved in the Mst2 signaling pathway and might control developmentally regulated cell proliferation and apoptosis in mammals. In the second part of this thesis, we characterized hBora, a novel Aurora A interactor originally found in Drosophila. We show that hBora is upregulated and phosphorylated during mitosis. siRNA-mediated knockdown of hBora led to spindle formation defects and aneuploidy. hBora overexpression caused monoastral spindle formation and mislocalization not only of Aurora A but also Plk1. Further investigations showed that Cdk1 phosphorylation on hBoraSer252 leads to Plk1 binding and this may promote the SCF-mediated proteolysis of hBora. Indeed, Plk1 depletion led to an increase in hBora levels. Interestingly, the co-depletion of both hBora and Plk1 (to lower hBora levels in Plk1 depleted cells) rescued the localization of Aurora A to the centrosomes and bipolar spindle formation. Thus, we propose that hBora is a functional link between Plk1 and Aurora A and that by modulating the proteolysis of hBora, Plk1 could regulate Aurora A localization and activity. At the end, we also investigated the function of Aurora A and could show that Aurora A is required for centriole cohesion and centrosome separation.

Human adenoviruses (Ads) have evolved elaborate mechanisms to counteract the host’s antiviral immune response. The early transcription unit 3 (E3) of the virus is not essential for virus replication in vitro, but is known to encode proteins with immunomodulatory functions. The Ad2 E3/10.4-14.5K proteins are both integral membrane proteins, which form a physical complex and function together to modulate cell surface expression of the EGFR and selective members of the TNF/NGF receptor superfamily, namely Fas/CD95 and TRAIL-R1, whereas TRAIL-R2 modulation additionally requires E3/6.7K. In a process referred to as receptor down-regulation, 10.4-14.5K relocates receptor targets from the cell surface to lysosomes for degradation. The aim of this study was to characterize functional determinants within the Ad2 10.4-14.5K proteins, that are required for down-regulation of plasma membrane receptors. In particular, I focussed on the characterization of potential transport motifs present in the cytoplasmic tail of both proteins: The Ad2 14.5K tail contains three YXXF sequence motifs (Y denotes tyrosine, X any amino acid and F a bulky, hydrophobic residue) while the Ad2 10.4K sequence displays two consensus elements of the second large class of transport signals, the dileucine motifs. Both types of motifs are recognized by cellular adaptor proteins which select cargo for directed transport in clathrin-coated vesicles. FACS analysis of stable E3-transfectants expressing 10.4-14.5K mutant proteins revealed that residues contained within these putative transport motifs were essential for down-regulation of Fas and the EGFR in vivo. Receptor expression was restored when either the dileucine pair (LL87,88) of 10.4K or 14.5K Y74 or Y122 were replaced by alanine. Whereas loss of function of the 14.5K mutant Y74 can be explained by its inability to interact with 10.4K, several lines of evidence suggest that the 10.4K dileucine pair and 14.5 Y122XXF motif function as transport signals: (i) Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy showed that mutation of the two motifs prevents binding of 10.4K and 14.5K cytoplasmic tail peptides to purified adaptor protein complexes AP-1 and AP-2 in vitro. (ii) FACS analysis demonstrated that mutation of these motifs strongly affects FLAG-14.5K cell surface expression. (iii) In line with the FACS data, immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that mutant 14.5Y122A accumulates together with 10.4K at the cell surface, suggesting that the Y122FNL motif normally directs internalization of 10.4-14.5K. (iv) Substitution of the 10.4K dileucine pair increased the transport of 10.4-14.5K into lysosomes, resulting in enhanced degradation of both 10.4K and 14.5K without significantly disrupting complex formation. (v) The accumulation of mutant 10.4-14.5K at the cell surface upon coexpression of 10.4LL/AA and 14.5Y122A suggests that the dileucine motif acts downstream of Y122 and fulfills a sorting function subsequent to endocytosis. Transfer of the mutations into Ad2 and infection of primary fibroblasts revealed a similar defect in trafficking of 10.4LL/AA and 14.5 Y122A mutant proteins. Moreover, in infected cells substitution of the 10.4K dileucine pair and 14.5K Y122 impaired down-regulation of Fas, EGFR and both TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2, implying a general role of these sorting signals for the mechanism of receptor down-regulation. Thus, two distinct transport signals present in the different subunits of the 10.4-14.5K complex seem to act in concert to establish efficient down-regulation of receptor targets. Alanine replacement mutagenesis of several other strictly conserved amino acids in 14.5K and FACS analysis of stable E3-transfectants revealed that those mutants which exhibited an altered FLAG-14.5K surface expression had defects in Fas and EGFR down-modulation. Surprisingly, Ad4 was unable to modulate Fas and EGFR expression, even though the Ad4 14.5K protein contained all the strictly conserved amino acids. As a first step to identify structural features that determine target specificity of 10.4-14.5K, I chose to replace the 10.4-14.5K ORFs in Ad2 by their Ad4 homologues. Although the Ad4 10.4-14.5K proteins could be detected in Ad4-infected cells, their expression level was drastically reduced when encoded by the Ad2 E3 region. This indicated that expression of Ad4 10.4-14.5K is differently regulated as compared to Ad2, possibly due to altered splicing. Further exploration of this system will require a detailed analysis of splicing within the Ad4 E3 region